# National Historic Trail Condition Categories (5/7/2007)

The National Historic Trail (NHT) Condition Categories are interagency
standard classifications designed to assess the comparative character of
visible trail remnants observed at the time of mapping for all NHTs.
National Historic Trail Condition Categories are applicable to the
heritage resource component of the NHT, and not to the recreation or
interpretive components. NHT Condition Categories do not reflect the
character or integrity of the NHT setting or surrounding landscape.

The six NHT Condition Categories include:

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  **NHT         **Title/Descriptor**
  Condition     
  Category**    

  NHT I         Location Verified, Evident, and Unaltered

  NHT II        Location Verified and Evident with Minor Alteration

  NHT III       Location Verified with Little Remaining Evidence

  NHT IV        Location Verified and Permanently Altered

  NHT V         Location Approximate or Not Verified

  NHT VI        Location Verified with Historic Reconstruction
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

Because NHTs are designated for historic events spanning more than two
centuries, NHT segments are classified based on their condition at the
time of documentation, compared to their condition at the time of
historic significance-- be that undeveloped route, trail, primitive road
or surfaced transportation route.

The Interagency NHT Condition Categories reflect broad standardized
categories that can generally be applied to all NHTs, and will be used
to communicate condition status among all NHTs. Since the character of
each NHT differs, however, the NHT Condition Categories may be further
refined to reflect specific NHTs if needed and appropriate. Any such
trail-specific refinements or sub-categories must still fall within the
general logic and generally equate to the national NHT Condition
Categories, and should be clearly documented with examples.

**NHT Condition Categories Encompass:**

1.  Documentation of the historic location; and

2.  Presence (or lack) of visible trail remnants and/or artifacts that
    provide evidence of the historic route.

**Reference Terminology:**

> **Archaeological Evidence:** Physical manifestations (e.g. artifacts
> and features) of historical use or events related to the significant
> period of trail use.
>
> **Condition:** A descriptor of the current trail appearance, including
> the look and feel of the trail, in comparison to the probable
> appearance of the trail during its period of significant historic use.
> In other words, to what degree does the trail still look like it did
> during its period of maximum historic importance?
>
> **Location Verification:** The combination of written records (e.g.
> journals or letters), cartographic information, terrain limitations,
> visible trail remnants, and artifacts used to precisely locate a land
> or water based historic route. Location verification is an important
> part of the definition of condition categories.
>
> **Historic Reconstruction:** The deliberate re-creation or simulation
> of an NHT segment based on the accurate duplication of historic
> location, features and materials. Historic reconstruction re-creates
> the original appearance of the NHT segment.
>
> **Routes, Braids and Swales:**
>
> **Route(s):** Well-defined major variants of a historic trail. Most
> historic trails have various routes. They may be caused by divergent
> starting and destination points; changes in water, feed, and weather
> conditions; or the simple human desire to find a better, faster, and
> easier route. Routes are generally well defined, will be mapped at all
> scales, and should be reported to the interagency level for all
> historic trails. An example of routes for the California National
> Historic Trail are the Independence Road and St. Joe Road routes,
> which begin in different cities on the Missouri River and come
> together in Marysville Kansas.
>
> **Braid:** Routes frequently divide into braids. Trail braiding
> occurred when travelers found different routes around obstacles. One
> braid may go north of a butte and another south. At creek and river
> crossings braids spread out to find the best ford. If one braid was
> wet and marshy, a new braid was formed on higher, drier ground. Braids
> generally run more-or-less parallel to one another and are usually
> within a couple or miles of one another. Most braids are well known
> and are mapped at most scales. Whenever possible braids should be
> reported at the interagency level.
>
> **Swale:** If trail data is recorded at the on-the-ground/GPS level, a
> third type of trail becomes visible. Physical evidence of the passage
> of historic travelers on the ground is often still visible. There may
> be many parallel swales running very close to one another. There are
> locations where 10-15 separate swales run parallel up a single ridge.
> Multiple swales occurred because travelers didn't like to eat one
> another's dust and would spread out whenever possible and also because
> old swales were often deeply rutted and muddy, making travel easier a
> few feet away. Although agencies may be documenting these swales at
> the GPS level of accuracy and detail, this information should not be
> reported at an interagency level.
>
> **Trace:** A term normally associated with wagon and horse trails,
> that reflects visible, on-the-ground evidence of the travel along the
> route.
>
> **Visible Trail Remnant:** The readily visible, remaining physical
> evidence of a trail or route that was established or made significant
> by historic use. For example trail trace, ruts, swales, rust marks,
> bridges, blazes, retaining wall, sidewalk, etc. Visible trail remnants
> do not include associated archaeological sites or features that are
> not directly part of the trail.

**NHT Condition Category Definitions**

Each NHT Condition Category is defined below, along with brief examples
intended to illustrate the underlying logic of each category and to
assist with the application of the categories to individual National
Historic Trails.

**NHT Condition Category Definitions**

**NHT I:** **Location Verified, Evident and Unaltered**

*Description:* The trail route is accurately located and verified from
written and cartographic records, terrain limitations, and/or
archaeological evidence.

> The visible trail remnant retains the essence of its original
> character that relates to the historic period for which the trail was
> designated and shows no evidence of having been either impacted by
> subsequent uses or altered by other improvements.
>
> For example, in the case of wagon trails, there is visible evidence of
> the original trail in the form of depressions, ruts, swales, tracks,
> or other scars, including vegetative differences and hand-placed rock
> alignments along the trailside. In the case of more contemporary
> historic trails, evidence may include constructed road features,
> sidewalks, railroad grades, etc. if significant to the historic events
> for which the trail was designated.

**NHT II:** **Documented and Evident with Minor Alteration**

*Description:* The trail route is accurately located and verified from
written and cartographic records, terrain limitations, and/or
archaeological evidence.

> The visible trail remnant retains the essence of its character that
> relates to the historic period for which the trail was designated, but
> shows minor evidence of alteration by subsequent use, development, or
> natural events.
>
> For example, in the case of wagon roads, there is little or no
> evidence of having been altered permanently by more modern road
> improvements, such as widening, blading, grading, crowning or
> graveling. In forested areas, the trail may have been used for logging
> but still retains elements of its original character during the
> significant historic period.

**NHT III:** **Documented with Little Remaining Evidence**

*Description:* The trail route is accurately located and verified from
written and cartographic records, terrain limitations, and/or some
archaeological evidence.

> Due to weathering, erosion, vegetative succession, development, etc.,
> trail traces are insignificant, although some evidence remains (e.g.
> wagon wheel impact evidence such as rust, grooved, or polished rocks).
>
> For example, this category includes trail segments that once passed
> through forests and meadows, across excessively hard surfaces or
> bedrock (such as on ridges), over alkali flats and sandy soils,
> through ravines or washes or other environments not conducive to trace
> preservation.

**NHT IV: Documented and Permanently Altered**

*Description:* The trail route's location is verified from written and
cartographic records, or by terrain limitations, although little or no
archaeological evidence remains.

> The trail has been permanently altered or obliterated by human-caused
> or natural events, leaving no evidence of its original appearance.
>
> For example, the original trail may have been permanently altered by
> road construction through widening, blading, grading, etc. Other above
> or below-ground developments include pipeline installation, utility
> corridor development, building construction, etc.

**NHT V:** **Approximate Trail**

*Description:* The trail route's location cannot be accurately verified
from written or cartographic records, or archaeological evidence.

> The trail is either so obliterated or unverifiable that its location
> is only approximately known.
>
> In many cases, the trail has been destroyed entirely by development,
> such as highways, structures, agriculture, or utility corridors. In
> others, it has been inundated beneath reservoirs. In some, there is
> not enough historical or topographic evidence by which to locate the
> trail accurately.

##### NHT VI Historic Reconstruction 

*Description:* The trail route is accurately located and verified from
written and cartographic records, terrain limitations, and/or
archaeological evidence.

> The trail segment has been deliberately reconstructed, at its original
> location, to appear as it did during the period of maximum historic
> importance.

For example, the reconstruction of a tow path or lock along an historic
canal to simulate trail's original character and use.

Note: Reconstructed trail segments or associated features, not in the
original location do not meet the definition of NHT VI Historic
Reconstruction, and are considered as recreation, interpretive or other
developments.

 

**NHT Condition Categories: Comparison Summary and Classification Tree**

The tables below provide summarized comparisons of the NHT Condition
Categories and are intended for general comparative purposes only. Refer
to the specific NHT Condition Category definitions and, if applicable,
the supplemental discussion when attempting to assign the Condition
Categories to a particular NHT.

**NHT Condition Category Comparison Summary**

  ------------------- -------------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
  **NHT               **NHT                                                   
  Characteristics**   Condition                                               
                      Categories**                                            

                      **NHT I**      **NHT     **NHT     **NHT IV** **NHT V** **NHT
                                     II**      III**                          VI**

  Location Verified   Yes            Yes       Yes       Yes        No        Yes

  Historic            No             No        No        No         No        Yes
  Reconstruction                                                              

  Trail Remnant       Yes            No        No        No         No        No
  Visible and                                                                 
  Unaltered                                                                   

  Trail Remnant       No             Yes       No        No         No        No
  Visible and Altered                                                         

  Trail Remnant Not   No             No        Yes       No         No        No
  Visible, but                                                                
  Archaeological                                                              
  Evidence Visible                                                            
  ------------------- -------------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------

### 

### NHT Condition Category Classification Tree

+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
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+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 1 | Is location verified?   | i | **No** | then segment  | **NHT V**  |
| \ |                         | f |        | is:           |            |
| . |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
|   |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 2 | Is location verified    | i | *      | then segment  | **NHT VI** |
| \ | and historic            | f | *Yes** | is:           |            |
| . | reconstruction present? |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
|   |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 3 | Is location verified,   | i | *      | then segment  | **NHT IV** |
| \ | but the trail tread is  | f | *Yes** | is:           |            |
| . | permanently altered?    |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
|   |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 4 | Is location verified    | i | *      | then segment  | **NHT I**  |
| \ | and original physical   | f | *Yes** | is:           |            |
| . | trail remnant visible   |   |        |               |            |
|   | and unaltered?          |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
|   |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 5 | Is location verified    | i | *      | then segment  | **NHT II** |
|   | and original physical   | f | *Yes** | is:           |            |
|   | trail remnant visible,  |   |        |               |            |
|   | but altered?            |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
|   |                         |   |        |               |            |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+
| 6 | All remaining segments  |   |        |               | **NHT      |
|   | are:                    |   |        |               | III**      |
+---+-------------------------+---+--------+---------------+------------+

**Application of NHT Condition Categories: Supplemental Discussion**

This section provides additional examples and discussion to assist with
the application of NHT Condition Categories to some common and/or
potentially problematic situations. The examples provided below are not
comprehensive and should be further refined as needed to reflect
specific National Historic Trails, while remaining within the general
context of the standardized NHT Condition Categories.

No trail categorization scheme can cover all situations with equal
uniformity. In most situations, applicability of one of the six NHT
Condition Categories is fairly straight-forward. Inevitably, however,
there will be situations where more than one category might apply. In
such cases, where there is no clear determination, the trail classifier
will have to make a subjective decision based on through observation and
assessment to determine which NHT Condition Category best fits the NHT
trail or NHT trail segment..

**Origin of the Categories**

The NHT Condition Categories were inspired by the Oregon-California
Trails Association (OCTA) "Mapping Emigrant Trails" (OCTA 2002:13-15).
The OCTA categories were devised for the emigrant trails across the
western United States to describe, in particular, wagon and livestock
trails. When developing NHT Condition Categories for interagency use,
the OCTA categories were used as a starting point and were revised to be
more broadly applicable to all NHTs, using the logic of trail location
and trail appearance today relative to appearance during the period of
the trail's use.

######## Relationship to National Register of Historic Places

The NHT Condition Categories do not incorporate the National Register of
Historic Places concepts of integrity, or even significance. These
National Register concepts are derived through analysis and
consideration of the context of an historic resource. The NHT Condition
Categories, by contrast, are *descriptive*. Specifically, "setting", as
defined in the National Register of Historic Places, is not a
consideration in assessing NHT condition: NHT condition categories
describe the comparative condition of the route actually traveled, and
not the condition of the overall landscape in which the route currently
exists.

The National Register concept of associative qualities is not
incorporated into the condition categories. The associative qualities of
an NHT are already incorporated into its designation and management.

Eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places is not part of
NHT condition categories because the condition categories are
independent of the National Register criteria. For instance, a trail
segment may not be significant but still be in NHT I Condition Category;
another trail segment may be significant due to its association with
some important event but be in NHT IV.

######## Effects of Modern Intrusions and Changes Around the NHT

Modern intrusions, such as freeways, power lines or buildings situated
near trails normally do not affect trail categorization, because the NHT
Condition Categories describe the route's surface, not the landscape in
which the NHT segment lies presently. Only the presence (or absence) of
visible trail remnants, archaeological evidence, and/or knowledge of the
trail's location affect categorization.

Logging, forest fires, or vegetation changes since the period of the
NHT's maximum importance may have altered the trail corridor
temporarily. However, over time, new growth has, or will have, restored
the natural condition of the trail corridor. As long as the trail route
is accurately known and the trail itself has not been physically
altered, there will be no effect upon the Condition Category.

Often, the physical remains of a long NHT trail segment will be
intermittently indistinct during certain conditions (e.g., in different
seasons). In these cases, determining an appropriate NHT Condition
Category requires multiple observations of the trail segment.

**Application of NHT Condition Categories: Examples**

###### 

######## Wagon and Livestock Trails

###### 

> **NHT I:** Most emigrant trails still retaining evidence of original
> wagon use -- in the form of ruts, swales, scaring or tracks --
> probably have undergone later 19^th^ century wagon use due to
> freighting, mining, stage, or ranching activity. Therefore, rarely
> will visible trail remains be the result solely of emigrant wagon use.
> Also because these wagon trails have had little or no use in the
> 20^th^ century, either erosion or restoration have often changed their
> appearance where they no longer look like they did during use by the
> emigrants. Nonetheless, these trail segments still retain their
> emigrant wagon-use character and qualify as NHT I.

###### NHT II: Many times, historic wagon roads have continued to be used as *unimproved* roads since their period of historic importance. In these cases, even though the historic road is overlain by an unimproved two-track road, it still retains the essence of its historic appearance and is an NHT II Condition Category trail.

###### 

###### Occasionally, a superimposed, two-track road will have been abandoned and the NHT will have reverted in appearance to an "unaltered trail." However, if, through research of historic documents, oral histories, or soil conditions, it can be demonstrated that the trail was once used as a road for motor vehicles, then it is classified as a NHT II Condition Category. Agency documentation for the trail segment should note that the segment is an abandoned road that spuriously seems "unaltered trail." 

> **NHT III:** Trails passing over soils and surfaces that did not
> easily take the imprint of a wagon wheel, or where erosion and other
> subsequent changes have obliterated the original trail tread, may
> still retain some evidence of the passage of emigrant wagons. Rust
> marks, grooves, and polish on rocks; rope burns on trees; and hub
> scrapes on rocks or trees allow verification of emigrant wagon travel
> even in areas where the trail tread itself may no longer be evident.
> The trail may also be verified in these areas by terrain limitations
> or archaeological evidence. Sections of trail that can be verified
> from these limited remains, but where no visible trail remnant remains
> should be classified as Class III.
>
> **NHT IV:** The trail condition has been permanently altered by
> subsequent development. Where *improved* roads, such as crowned and
> ditched roads, have been built over historic trails, the historic
> appearance is no longer retained and the trail Condition Category is
> NHT IV.
>
> **NHT V:** In most cases, NHT V trails have been so obliterated by
> development that exact trail locations are impossible to determine.
> However, there will be situations where additional research and field
> verification may reveal the exact location of a trail segment which
> presently is known only approximately. Thus where trail location has
> not been determined due to insufficient research and field
> verification, a trail corridor should be protected from disturbance
> until it has been confirmed that physical or other evidence of a trail
> segment no longer exists.
>
> **NHT VI:** NHT VI seldom exists for wagon and livestock trails. In
> rare cases trail tread may be reestablished in an area where the
> original trail has been completely obliterated. This reconstruction is
> usually done for interpretive purposes. For example: the pavement was
> removed from a section of the abandoned county road at Whitman Mission
> NHS and the trail returned to a more 19^th^ century appearance.

**"Urban" Trails**

Examples of NHT Condition Categories applied to trails that originally
occurred along roadways, sidewalks, railroads, or other developed travel
ways:

> **NHT I:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT I if, for
> example, the original sidewalks that were used historically are
> unaltered in design, materials, construction method, and appearance
> along the original, verified, historical route. So, the concrete
> sidewalks of a block along a historic trail would be NHT I if they had
> been replaced with similar concrete slabs of the same dimensions and
> appearance.
>
> **NHT II:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT II if, for
> example, the original sidewalks that were used historically have been
> altered in design, materials, construction, method, but still retain
> much of their historical appearance along the original, verified,
> historical route. So, the concrete sidewalks of a block along a
> historic trail would be NHT II if they had been replaced with asphalt
> sidewalks of similar dimensions, replaced with somewhat larger poured
> slabs, or modified in places by cut-ins for driveway ramps or wheeled
> vehicles. Another example of an NHT II condition class is a block with
> much of its original sidewalk still similar in appearance to its
> period of historic significance but with minor areas of very different
> sidewalk.
>
> **NHT III:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT III if, for
> example, the original sidewalks that were used historically are
> substantially altered in appearance as well as design, materials, and
> construction but one can still tell that it was the originally used
> location and one could still traverse the trail in a similar way. So,
> the concrete sidewalks of a block along a historic trail would be NHT
> III if the sidewalks were rebuilt completely with different materials,
> or very different dimensions, or of very different materials (e.g.,
> paving stones instead of cement slabs). Another NHT III condition is a
> stretch of former sidewalk that has now decayed to rubble, or on which
> the paving slabs have been wholly removed.
>
> **NHT IV:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT IV if, for
> example, the original sidewalks that were used have been paved over by
> conversion of a street to a highway and removal of all sidewalk. So,
> the concrete sidewalks of a block along a historic trail would be NHT
> IV if they were covered over by buildings, parking areas, roadways, or
> in some other way obliterated, yet the original location of the trail
> is known.
>
> **NHT V:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT V if, for
> example, the original location of the trail cannot be verified. For
> example, the trail is known to have occurred from Point A to Point B,
> but no exact location for the route traversed is known.
>
> **NHT VI:** The NHT will have a Condition Category of NHT VI if, for
> example, the trail has been completely replicated by reconstruction
> intended to restore the trail to a facsimile of its original
> appearance. Or, for instance, a bridge that was once present, but has
> then been removed and replaced with a new bridge designed to appear
> the same as the historic bridge.

**Snow Trails**

Examples of NHT Condition Categories applied to trails that originally
occurred across snow, ice, or water:

*\[Note: Field assessment of snow and water routes often necessitates
observation during periods when snow and ice are not covering the
ground.\]*

> **NHT I:** Trail is in a verified location. Evidence of previous use
> including primitive bridges, culverts, corduroy road surfaces, and
> blazes may be evident in the same manner and degree as existed during
> the trail's period of primary use.
>
> **NHT II:** Trail is in a verified location. Some evidence of original
> use patterns including ruts, blazes, and dirtwork (ditches) are
> evident. Subsequent modern use by vehicles following the period of
> historic significance is evident.
>
> **NHT III:** Trail is in a verified location. Original evidence of
> historic travel modes (sled trails, horse-drawn wagons, or sledges)
> are absent. Modern use (snowmachines, ATV's) patterns are apparent.
> Old blazes on trees are found occasionally.
>
> **NHT IV:** Trail is in a verified location. No evidence of historic
> use can be found. The trail surface has been modified or obliterated
> by subsequent use or construction.
>
> **NHT V:** The trail location cannot be verified.
>
> **NHT VI:** Trail is in a verified location. The trail has been
> rebuilt on its original location with a replica representation of the
> trail's historic appearance during its period of significant historic
> use.