**Construction Specification 52---Steel Pipe**

**1. Scope**

The work shall consist of furnishing and installing steel pipe complete
with lining, coating, fittings, and appurtenances.

**2. Material**

Steel pipe and fittings shall conform to the requirements of Material
Specification 554, Steel Pipe.

Unless otherwise specified, special fittings and appurtenances shall be
of the same material as the pipe.

Welding electrodes shall conform to the requirements of Material
Specification 581, Metal.

Coating and lining materials shall conform to the requirements of the
following:

• AWWA C203, Standard for Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for
Steel Water Pipelines - Enamel and Tape - Hot-Applied

• AWWA C209, Standard for Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of
Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines

• AWWA C214, Standard for Tape Coating Systems for the Exterior of Steel
Water Pipelines

and as specified below:

• Shop coating material shall conform to the requirements of AWWA
Standard C203 and AWWA Standard C214 and as specified in section 12 of
this specification.

• Shop lining material shall conform to the requirements of AWWA
Standard C203.

• Field coating and coating repair material shall conform to the
requirements of AWWA Standard C203, AWWA Standard C209, AWWA Standard
C214, and, as specified in Section 12 of this specification.

• Field lining material shall conform to the requirements of AWWA
Standard C203 and as specified in section 12 of this specification.

**3. Coating and lining**

Shop coating of pipe, specials, and fittings shall be in accordance with
AWWA Standard C203, AWWA Standard C209, or AWWA Standard C214 and as
specified in Section 12 of this specification.

Shop lining of pipe, specials, and fittings shall conform to the
requirements of AWWA Standard C203.

**4. Excavation**

Excavation shall be in accordance with Construction Specification 21 or
as specified in section 12 of this specification.

**5. Laying and bedding the pipe**

Pipe shall be installed to the line and grade shown on the drawings.
Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall be installed so that there
are no reversals of grade between joints, and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer\'s recommendations. The pipe shall be
firmly and uniformly bedded to the depth and in the manner specified on
the drawings. An ample bell hole working area may be left at pipe joints
to perform welding, coating, and other related activities. The bell hole
area shall then be bedded, as specified, before backfill operations.

The pipe shall be weighed down sufficiently to prevent its displacement
from the bedding during placement of the backfill under the haunches.

6\. Joints and connections

Pipe joints shall conform to the details shown on the drawings and shall
be sound and watertight at the pressures specified in section 12 of this
specification.

**Welded joints---**Welding and welded joints shall conform to the
welding procedure details and requirements of AWWA Standard C206. Field
welding shall be done in such a way as to avoid burning the protective
coating on the pipe except in the immediate vicinity of the weld.

Where welded field joints are used, they shall be single welded butt
joints or lap welded slip joints, as shown on the drawings. Special
closure lap joints shall be used as described in AWWA Standard C206.

**Bell and spigot joints---**The dimensions of bells and spigots shall
be in accordance with the manufacturer\'s standard design dimensions and
tolerances.

The pipe shall be laid with the bell oriented upstream. The spigot end
shall be seated in the bell to a depth as recommended by the
manufacturer. The spigot, when seated, shall compress the gasket
radially in its annular recess to provide a positive seal. Joints with
fish-mouthed gaskets will be taken apart and reseated with a new gasket.

Rubber gaskets shall meet the requirements of AWWA Standard C200.

**Mechanical couplings---**The ends of pipe to be connected with
mechanical couplings shall be machined to allow coupling the pipe
sections without damaging or displacing the gaskets and to ensure
uniform end separation of the pipes. Machined ends of the pipe that
receive the coupling sleeves shall be free from dents, gouges, rust, or
scale. The pipe and couplings shall be assembled with continuous rubber
ring gaskets conforming to the dimensions and tolerances recommended by
the pipe manufacturer. Coupling followers shall be drawn up evenly to
ensure uniform pressure on the gaskets.

Grooved and shouldered joints shall be furnished and installed in
accordance with AWWA Standard C606.

**Flanged joints---**All steel ring flanges shall be fabricated in
accordance with AWWA Standard C207. Gaskets shall be either a neoprene
cloth insert 1/16 or 1/8 inch thick or red rubber 1/16 inch thick. The
gasket shall be full face where used between flat face flange surfaces.
All flanged joints shall be made up tightly and shall not leak.

**Fitting and coupling coatings---**Compression couplings, mechanical
couplings, and flanged fittings shall be shop coated with the AWWA
Standard C203 coal tar enamel coating, as recommended by the coating
manufacturer, or a factory-applied vinyl coating at least 12 mils thick
and as specified in section 12 of this specification. All bolts
furnished for flanges, couplings, and other types of bolted connections
shall be stainless steel or low alloy steel and shall be field coated
with a coal tar enamel or vinyl coating after installation.

**7. Field lining, coating, wrapping, and repair**

Lining and coating or wrapping of field joints or connections and repair
of damage to the wrap or coating on pipe, couplings, fittings, and
appurtenances shall be made in accordance with section 12 of this
specification and one of the following methods:

***Method 1---***All field coating, lining, and repair shall be as
specified in AWWA Standard C203.

***Method 2---***All field wrapping and repair shall be as specified in
AWWA Standard C209 with type I or II tape.

***Method 3---***All field wrapping and repair shall be as specified in
AWWA Standard C214 and as specified in section 12 of this specification.

**Surface preparation---**Bare steel surfaces shall be prepared for
coating by removing all grease and oil or other soluble contaminants
with solvent commercial cleaners (wiping, dipping, or steam) or vapor
degreasing. After degreasing, surfaces shall be cleaned with hand tools
to remove all loose scale rust and other loose detrimental foreign
matter.

On previously coated surfaces, all dirt, paper, and other foreign matter
and loose coating shall be removed. Kraft paper, whitewash, or other
surface protective layers shall be removed at least 12 inches on either
side of the bare steel to be coated.

Welds shall be cleaned of all welding slag, splatter, and scale. Sharp
edges or burrs that could puncture or cut the coating shall be removed
by grinding or filing. All welds shall be allowed to cool before
applying primer or coatings.

**Primer application---**After surface preparation is complete, primer
shall be thoroughly mixed and applied in strict adherence to
manufacturer\'s instructions. The primer shall be permitted to dry to
the consistency recommended by the manufacturer before applying the
coating. No foreign matter shall come in contact with the primed surface
before application of the coating. Application of primer to surfaces
shall be limited to that amount of area that can be wrapped during the
same workshift. Primed areas not wrapped during the same workshift shall
be reprimed. Cold weather applications of primer shall be done in
accordance with AWWA Standard C203.

**Coating application---**The specified coating shall be applied in
accordance with the manufacturer\'s recommendations unless otherwise
specified.

After assembly, all pipe joints shall be field wrapped in accordance
with AWWA C209 or AWWA C214, as appropriate. Surface preparation and
primer application to the ends of the pipe to be wrapped shall be as
previously described in this specification. A tape or filler tape shall
be cigarette wrapped over the annular ring of the joint. The pipe
coating shall be primed 2 inches back from the coating cutback and two
layers of tape shall be wrapped overlapping 2 inches of pipe coating on
one side of the joint, extending across the joint and overlapping 2
inches of coating on the other side of the joint. Coal tar enamel
coating cutback edges shall be tapered back until 1 inch of coal tar is
exposed on the taper before priming and wrapping. Wraps shall be
terminated on the underside of the pipe. Tape widths shall be 6 inches
for pipe greater than 8 inches in diameter and 4 inches for pipe 2 to 8
inches in diameter.

Welded field joints of lined pipe shall be lined in accordance with AWWA
Standard C203, section 4.3, or as specified in section 12 of this
specification.

**Repair and patching factory coatings---**All loose or disbonded
material shall be removed from the area of the \"holiday.\" All points,
burrs, or rough edges shall be smoothed to a feathered edge. The surface
shall be cleaned and prepared as specified for joints, couplings, and
fittings. The area to be cleaned and prepared shall be at least twice
the size of the \"holiday.\" The repair coating shall be worked onto the
surface of the steel to leave no voids or wrinkles on the surface.

Coal tar enamel coatings shall be repaired in accordance with AWWA
Standard C203, section 2.15. Tape coatings shall be repaired in
accordance with AWWA Standard C214, Section 3.4, Coating Repair. The
repair shall be made by wrapping tape around the circumference of the
pipe.

All damaged vinyl coat areas shall be cleaned and recoated in accordance
with the manufacturer\'s recommendation.

**8. Handling the pipe**

The contractor shall furnish such equipment as is necessary to place the
pipe without damaging the pipe or coating. Coated pipe shall be handled
in the manner specified in AWWA Standard C203 or C214, as appropriate.

**9. Pressure testing**

If pressure testing of the conduit is specified, it shall be performed
as follows:

a\. Placement of backfill before pressure testing shall be as specified
in section 10 of this specification.

b\. Before pressure testing, the pipeline shall be flushed and cleaned.

c\. The pipeline shall not be pressure tested until concrete in the
anchor and thrust blocks has attained the minimum specified compressive
strength.

d\. The total conduit or section of the conduit, to be tested shall be
filled with clean water at the rate specified and tested at the pressure
specified in section 12 of this specification.

e\. The section of conduit being tested shall be allowed to stand full
of water for at least 24 hours before the start of pressure and leakage
test. Test pressure shall be held constant for 2 hours. If the amount of
water loss exceeds the limit specified, the leaks shall be repaired and
the conduit shall be retested. The procedure shall be repeated until the
amount of water loss is within the limits specified in section 12 of
this specification.

**10. Backfill**

***Method 1---***Backfill, in accordance with Construction Specification
23 and section 12 of this specification, shall be made only in
sufficient amount to hold the conduit in place during testing, with the
following exceptions:

a\. Compacted backfill shall be placed to its final depth as shown on
the drawings at vertical and horizontal angle points, road crossings,
and thrust blocks. Backfill shall be placed in such a way that the
conduit and joints will not be subject to displacement or damage.

b\. All joints and connections shall be completely exposed for visual
inspection during testing, except at locations that may be exempt as
outlined in the previous exemption.

***Method 2---***Backfill, in accordance with Construction Specification
23 and section 12 of this specification, shall be to its final depth as
shown on the drawings for the section of conduit being tested.

***Use with either method---***The contractor shall be fully responsible
for any and all work required to repair any leakage when water loss
exceeds the amount specified in section 12 of this specification. After
pressure testing is satisfactorily completed, the backfill shall be
placed in accordance with Construction Specification 23 and section 12
of this specification.

**11. Measurement and payment**

***Method 1---***For items of work for which specific unit prices are
established in the contract, the quantity of each type and size of pipe
is determined to the nearest 0.1 foot by measurement of the installed
length of pipe along the centerline of the pipe. Payment for each type
and size of pipe is made at the contract unit price for that type and
size of pipe. Such payment constitutes full compensation for furnishing,
transporting, and installing the pipe, including the necessary fittings
and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the
work.

***Method 2---***For items of work for which specific unit prices are
established in the contract, the quantity of each type and size of pipe
is determined to the nearest 0.1 foot by measurement of the installed
length of pipe along the centerline of the pipe. Payment for each type
and size of pipe is made at the contract unit price for that type and
size of pipe. Such payment constitutes full compensation for furnishing,
transporting, and installing the pipe, complete in place, including the
necessary fittings and all other items necessary and incidental to the
completion of the work except the special fittings and appurtenances
listed separately in the bid schedule. Payment for each special fitting
and appurtenance is made at the contract unit price for that type and
size of fitting or appurtenance.

***Method 3---***For items of work for which specific unit prices are
established in the contract, the quantity of each type and size of pipe
is determined to the nearest 0.1 foot by measurement of the installed
length of pipe along the centerline of the pipe. Payment for each type
and size of pipe is made at the contract unit price for that type and
size of pipe. Such payment constitutes full compensation for furnishing,
transporting, and installing the pipe, including excavation, shoring,
backfill, and all the necessary fittings and all other items necessary
and incidental to the completion of the work.

***Method 4---***For items of work for which specific unit prices are
established in the contract, the quantity of each type and size of pipe
is determined to the nearest 0.1 foot by measurement of the installed
length of pipe along the centerline of the pipe. Payment for each type
and size of pipe is made at the contract unit price for that type and
size of pipe. Such payment constitutes full compensation for furnishing,
transporting, and installing the pipe, complete in place, including
excavation, shoring, backfill, and all the necessary fittings and all
other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work
except the special fittings and appurtenances listed separately in the
bid schedule. Payment for each special fitting and appurtenance is made
at the contract unit price for that type and size of fitting or
appurtenance.

***All methods---***The following provisions apply to all methods of
measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in
the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule, is included in the
payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items,
and the items to which they are made subsidiary, are identified in
section 12 of this specification.

**12. Items of work and construction details**