### **ITEM P-620 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY PAINTING**

DESCRIPTION

**620-1.1** This item shall consist of the painting of numbers,
markings, and stripes on the surface of runways, taxiways, and aprons,
in accordance with these specifications and at the locations shown on
the plans, or as directed by the Engineer.

MATERIALS

**620-2.1 MATERIALS ACCEPTANCE.** The Contractor shall furnish
manufacturer\'s certified test reports for materials shipped to the
project.  The certified test reports shall include a statement that the
materials meet the specification requirements. The reports can be used
for material acceptance or the Engineer may perform verification
testing. The reports shall not be interpreted as a basis for payment.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer upon arrival of a shipment of
materials to the site.

**620-2.2 PAINT.** Paint shall be **\[Waterborne, Epoxy, Methacrylate,
or Solvent-base\]** in accordance with the requirements of paragraph
620-2.2 **\[ \]**. Paint shall be furnished in **\[ \]** in accordance
with Federal Standard No 595.

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> **The Engineer shall specify paint type(s) and appropriate paragraph
> number(s). The Engineer shall insert the colors to be used on a
> project from the following list:**
>
> **White - 37925 Red - 31136**
>
> **Yellow - 33538 or 33655 Black - 37038**
>
> **Pink - 1 part Red - 31136 to 2 parts White - 37925**
>
> **Waterborne or solvent base black paint should be used to outline a
> border at least 6 inches (150 mm) wide around markings on all light
> colored pavements.**
>
> **For TT-P-1952E and A-A-2886B paints, the Engineer shall specify the
> type required.**
>
> **Type I is intended for those locations where slower tracking is not
> an inconvenience.**
>
> **Type II is intended for locations where faster curing is
> desirable.**
>
> **Type III requires a more durable resin.**

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**a. WATERBORNE.** Paint shall meet the requirements of Federal
Specification TT-P-1952E, **\[Type I, Type II, or Type III\]**.

**b. EPOXY.** Paint shall be a two component, minimum 99 percent solids
type system conforming to the following:

**(1) Pigments.** Component A. Percent by weight.

**(a) White:**

Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D 476, type II shall be 18 percent minimum

(16.5 percent minimum at 100 percent purity).

**(b) Yellow and Colors:**

Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D 476, type II shall be 14 to 17 percent.

Organic yellow, other colors, and tinting as required to meet color
standard.

Epoxy resin shall be 75 to 79 percent.

**(2) Epoxy Content.** Component A. The weight per epoxy equivalent,
when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1652 shall be the manufacturer\'s
target plus or minus 50.

**(3) Amine Number.** Component B. When tested in accordance with ASTM D
2074 shall be the manufacturer\'s target plus or minus 50.

**(4) Prohibited Materials.** The manufacturer shall certify that the
product does not contain mercury, lead, hexavalent chromium, halogenated
solvents, nor any carcinogen, as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

**(5) Daylight Directional Reflectance:**

**(a) White:** The daylight directional reflectance of the white paint
shall not be less than 75 percent (relative to magnesium oxide), when
tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN,
Method 6121.

**(b) Yellow:** The daylight directional reflectance of the yellow paint
shall not be less than 38 percent (relative to magnesium oxide), when
tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN. The
x and y values shall be consistent with the Federal Hegman yellow color
standard chart for traffic yellow standard 33538, or shall be consistent
with the tolerance listed below:

x .462 x .470 x .479 x .501

y .438 y .455 y .428 y .452

**(6) Accelerated Weathering.**

**(a) Sample Preparation.** Apply the paint at a wet film thickness of
0.013 inch (0.33 mm) to four 3 by 6 inch (8 by 15 cm) aluminum panels
prepared as described in Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN,
Method 2013. Air dry the sample 48 hours under standard conditions.

**(b) Testing Conditions.** Test in accordance with ASTM G 15453 using
both Ultra Violet (UV-B) Light and condensate exposure, 72 hours total,
alternating 4 hour UV exposure at 60 degree C, and 4 hours condensate
exposure at 40 degrees C.

**(c) Evaluation.** Remove the samples and condition for 24 hours under
standard conditions. Determine the directional reflectance and color
match using the procedures in paragraph 620-2.2b(5) above. Evaluate for
conformance with the color requirements.

**(7) Volatile Organic Content.** Determine the volatile organic content
in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A, Method 24.

**(8) Dry Opacity.** Use Procedure B, Method B of Method 4121 of Federal
Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN. The wet film thickness shall be 0.015
inch (0.12 mm). The minimum opacity for white and colors shall be 0.92.

**(9) Abrasion Resistance.** Subject the panels prepared in paragraph
620-2.2b(6) to the abrasion test in accordance with ASTM D 968, Method
A, except that the inside diameter of the metal guide tube shall be from
0.747 to 0.750 inch (18.97 to 19.05 mm). Five liters of unused sand
shall be used for each test panel. The test shall be run on two test
panels. \[Note: five liters of sand weighs 17.5 lb. (7.94 kg).\] Both
baked and weathered paint films shall require not less than 150 liters
of sand for the removal of the paint films.

**(10) Hardness, Shore.** Hardness shall be at least 80 when tested in
accordance with ASTM D 2240.

**c. METHACRYLATE.** Paint shall be a two component, minimum 99 percent
solids-type system conforming to the following:

**(1) Pigments.** Component A. Percent by weight.

**(a) White:**

Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D 476, type II shall be 6 percent minimum.

Methacrylate resin shall be 18 percent minimum.

**(b) Yellow and Colors:**

Titanium Dioxide, ASTM D 476, type II shall be 6 percent minimum.

Organic yellow, other colors, and tinting as required to meet color
standard.

Methacrylate resin shall be 18 percent minimum.

**(2) Prohibited Materials.** The manufacturer shall certify that the
product does not contain mercury, lead, hexavalent chromium, halogenated
solvents, nor any carcinogen, as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

**(3) Daylight Directional Reflectance:**

**(a) White:** The daylight directional reflectance of the white paint
shall not be less than 80 percent (relative to magnesium oxide), when
tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN,
Method 6121.

**(b) Yellow:** The daylight directional reflectance of the yellow paint
shall not be less than 55 percent (relative to magnesium oxide), when
tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN. The
x and y values shall be consistent with the Federal Hegman yellow color
standard chart for traffic yellow standard 33538, or shall be consistent
with the tolerance listed below:

x .462 x .470 x .479 x .501

y .438 y .455 y .428 y .452

**(4) Accelerated Weathering.**

**(a) Sample Preparation.** Apply the paint at a wet film thickness of
0.013 inch (0.33 mm) to four 3 by 6 inch (8 by 15 cm) aluminum panels
prepared as described in Method 2013 of Federal Test Method Standard No.
141D/GEN. Air dry the sample 48 hours under standard conditions.

**(b) Testing Conditions.** Test in accordance with ASTM G 53 154 using
both Ultra Violet (UV-B) Light and condensate exposure, 72 hours total,
alternating 4 hour UV exposure at 60 degree C, and 4 hours condensate
exposure at 40 degrees C.

**(c) Evaluation.** Remove the samples and condition for 24 hours under
standard conditions. Determine the directional reflectance and color
match using the procedures in paragraph 620-2.2c(3) above. Evaluate for
conformance with the color requirements.

**(5) Volatile Organic Content.** Determine the volatile organic content
in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A, Method 24.

**(6) Dry Opacity.** Use Procedure B, Method B of Method 4121 of Federal
Test Method Standard No. 141D/GEN. The wet film thickness shall be 0.015
inch (0.12 mm). The minimum opacity for white and colors shall be 0.92.

**(7) Abrasion Resistance.** Subject the panels prepared in paragraph
620-2.2c(4) to the abrasion test in accordance with ASTM D 968, Method
A, except that the inside diameter of the metal guide tube shall be from
0.747 to 0.750 inch (18.97 to 19.05 mm). Five liters of unused sand
shall be used for each test panel. The test shall be run on two test
panels. \[Note: five liters of sand weighs 17.5 lb. (7.94 kg).\] Both
baked and weathered paint films shall require not less than 150 liters
of sand for the removal of the paint films.

**(8) Hardness, Shore.** Hardness shall be at least 80 when tested in
accordance with ASTM D 2240.

**d. SOLVENT-BASE.** Paint shall meet the requirements of Federal
Specification **\[A-A-2886A Type I or Type II\]**.

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> **TT-P-85 or TT-P-110 should not be used on bituminous pavement.**

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**620‑2.3 REFLECTIVE MEDIA.** Glass beads shall meet the requirements
for **\[ \]**. Glass beads shall be treated with all compatible coupling
agents recommended by the manufacturers of the paint and reflective
media to ensure adhesion and embedment.

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> **The Engineer should insert all that will be used in the project.
> When more than one bead type is specified, the plans should indicate
> the bead type for each marking.**
>
> \[Federal Specification. TT‑B‑1325D, Type I, gradation A\]
>
> \[Federal Specification. TT‑B‑1325D, Type III\]
>
> \[Federal Specification. TT‑B‑1325D, Type IV\]
>
> **The Engineer should consult with the paint and bead manufacturer on
> the use of adhesion, flow promoting, and/or flotation additives.**

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CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**620‑3.1  WEATHER LIMITATIONS.**  The painting shall be performed only
when the surface is dry and when the surface temperature is at least
45°F (7°C) and rising and the pavement surface temperature is at least
5°F (2.7°C) above the dew point. **\[Painting operations shall be
discontinued when the surface temperature exceeds \[ \] degrees F (\[ \]
degrees C.\]** Markings shall not be applied when the pavement
temperature is greater than 120°F.

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> **The Engineer may specify minimum and maximum surface temperatures
> based on paint manufacturer\'s recommendations.**

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**620-3.2 EQUIPMENT.**  Equipment shall include the apparatus necessary
to properly clean the existing surface, a mechanical marking machine, a
bead dispensing machine, and such auxiliary hand‑painting equipment as
may be necessary to satisfactorily complete the job.

The mechanical marker shall be an atomizing spray‑type or airless type
marking machine suitable for application of traffic paint.  It shall
produce an even and uniform film thickness at the required coverage and
shall apply markings of uniform cross sections and clear‑cut edges
without running or spattering and without over spray.

**620-3.3 PREPARATION OF SURFACE.**  Immediately before application of
the paint, the surface shall be dry and free from dirt, grease, oil,
laitance, or other foreign material that would reduce the bond between
the paint and the pavement.  The area to be painted shall be cleaned by
sweeping and blowing or by other methods as required to remove all dirt,
laitance, and loose materials without damage to the pavement surface.
Use of any chemicals or

impact abrasives during surface preparation shall be approved in advance
by the Engineer. **\[Paint shall not be applied to Portland cement
concrete pavement until the areas to be painted are clean of curing
material. Sandblasting or high-pressure water shall be used to remove
curing materials.\]**

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> **The Engineer should specify any additional surface preparation
> required and should specify the type of surface preparation to be used
> when existing markings interfere with or would cause adhesion problems
> with new markings.**

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**620‑3.4  LAYOUT OF MARKINGS.**  The proposed markings shall be laid
out in advance of the paint application. The locations of markings to
receive glass beads shall be shown on the plans. **\[The locations of
markings to receive silica sand shall be shown on the plans.\]**

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> **Glass beads improve conspicuity and the friction characteristics of
> markings. When markings are part of an AIP or PFC funded project, at a
> minimum, the Engineer shall indicate the following locations to
> receive glass beads:**
>
> **1. All runway and taxiway holding position markings.**
>
> **2. Runway threshold marking.**
>
> **3. Runway threshold bar.**
>
> **4. Runway aiming point marking.**
>
> **5. Runway designation marking.**
>
> **6. Runway touchdown zone markings.**
>
> **7. Runway centerline marking.**
>
> **8. Taxiway centerline marking.**
>
> **9. Geographical position marking.**
>
> **10. Surface painted signs.**
>
> **In addition to the minimum list above, the following locations are
> recommended to receive glass beads:**
>
> **11. Runway side stripes,**
>
> **12. Taxiway edge markings,**
>
> **13. Non-movement Area boundary markings,**
>
> **14. Displaced threshold markings, and**
>
> **15. Demarcation bar.**

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**620-3.5 APPLICATION.**  Paint shall be applied at the locations and to
the dimensions and spacing shown on the plans. Paint shall not be
applied until the layout and condition of the surface has been approved
by the Engineer.

The edges of the markings shall not vary from a straight line more than
1/2 inch (12 mm) in 50 feet (15 m) and marking dimensions and spacings
shall be within the following tolerances:

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  Dimension and Spacing                           Tolerance

  36 inches (910 mm) or less                      ±1/2 inch (12 mm)

  greater than 36 inches to 6 feet (910 mm to     ± 1 inch (25 mm)
  1.85 m)                                         

  greater than 6 feet to 60 feet (1.85 m to 18.3  ± 2 inches (51 mm)
  m)                                              

  greater than 60 feet (18.3 m)                   ± 3 inches (76 mm)
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

The paint shall be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer\'s
instructions and applied to the pavement with a marking machine at the
rate(s) shown in Table 1. The addition of thinner will not be permitted.
A period of **\[ \]** shall elapse between placement of a bituminous
surface course or seal coat and application of the paint.

TABLE 1. APPLICATION RATES FOR PAINT AND GLASS BEADS

+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Paint    | Paint        | Glass Beads, | Glass Beads, | Glass Beads, |
| Type     |              | Type I,      |              |              |
|          | Square feet  |              | Type III     | Type IV      |
|          | per          | Gradation A  |              |              |
|          |              |              | Pounds per   | Pounds per   |
|          | gallon,      | Pounds per   | gallon       | gallon of    |
|          | ft^2^/gal    | gallon       |              | pain         |
|          |              |              | of           | t---lb./gal. |
|          | (Square      | of           | pain         |              |
|          | meters per   | pain         | t---lb./gal. | (Kilograms   |
|          |              | t---lb./gal. |              | per liter of |
|          | liter,       |              | (Kilograms   | p            |
|          | m^2^/l)      | (Kilograms   | per liter    | aint---kg/)l |
|          |              | per liter    |              |              |
|          |              |              | of           |              |
|          |              | of           | paint---kg/l |              |
|          |              | p            |              |              |
|          |              | aint---kg/l) |              |              |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| **\***   | **\***       | **\***       | **\***       | **\***       |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

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> The Engineer shall specify the application rates for paint and glass
> beads from the following table.

**APPLICATION RATES FOR PAINT AND GLASS BEADS FOR TABLE 1**

+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| **Paint  | **Paint**    | **Glass      | **Glass      | **Glass      |
| Type**   |              | Beads, Type  | Beads,**     | Beads,**     |
|          | **Square     | I,**         |              |              |
|          | feet per     |              | **Type III** | **Type IV**  |
|          | gallon,      | **Gradation  |              |              |
|          | ft^2^/gal**  | A**          | **Pounds per | **Pounds per |
|          |              |              | gallon of    | gallon of    |
|          | **(Square    | **Pounds per | paint-       | paint-       |
|          | meters per   | gallon of    | --lb./gal.** | --lb./gal.** |
|          | liter,       | paint-       |              |              |
|          | m^2^/l)**    | --lb./gal.** | **(Kilograms | **(Kilograms |
|          |              |              | per liter of | per liter of |
|          |              | **(Kilograms | pa           | pa           |
|          |              | per liter of | int---kg/l** | int---kg/l** |
|          |              | pai          |              |              |
|          |              | nt---kg/l)** |              |              |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| **Wate   | **115        | **7          | **1          | **\--**      |
| rborne** | ft^2^/gal.   | lb./gal.**   | 0 lb./gal.** |              |
|          | maximum**    |              |              |              |
|          |              | **minimum**  | **minimum**  |              |
|          | **(2.8       |              |              |              |
|          | m^2^/l)**    | **(          | **           |              |
|          |              | 0.85 kg/l)** | (1.2 kg/l)** |              |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| **Wate   | **90         | **\--**      | **\--**      | **           |
| rborne** | ft^2^/gal.** |              |              | 8 lb./gal.** |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **maximum**  |              |              | **minimum**  |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **(2.2       |              |              | **           |
|          | m^2^/l)**    |              |              | (1.0 kg/l)** |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| *        | **115        | **7 lb./gal. | **1          | **\--**      |
| *Solvent | ft^2^/gal.   | minimum**    | 0 lb./gal.** |              |
| Base**   | maximum**    |              |              |              |
|          |              | **(0.85      | **minimum**  |              |
|          | **(2.8       |  kg/l)**     |              |              |
|          | m^2^/l)**    |              | **           |              |
|          |              |              | (1. 2kg/l)** |              |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| *        | **90         | **\--**      | **\--**      | **           |
| *Solvent | ft^2^/gal.   |              |              | 8 lb./gal.** |
| Base**   | maximum**    |              |              |              |
|          |              |              |              | **minimum**  |
|          | **(2.2       |              |              |              |
|          | m^2^/l)**    |              |              | **           |
|          |              |              |              | (1.0 kg/l)** |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| *        | **90         | **14         | **20         | **15         |
| *Epoxy** | ft^2^/gal.** | lb./gal.**   | lb./gal.**   | lb./gal.**   |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **maximum**  | **minimum**  | **minimum**  | **minimum**  |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **(2.2       | **(1.7       | **           | *            |
|          | m^2^/l)**    | kg/l)**      | (2.4 kg/l)** | *(1.8kg/l)** |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| **Methac | **45         | **14         | **20         | **15         |
| rylate** | ft^2^/gal.** | lb./gal.**   | lb./gal.**   | lb./gal.**   |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **maximum**  | **minimum**  | **minimum**  | **minimum**  |
|          |              |              |              |              |
|          | **(1.1       | **(1.7       | **           | **           |
|          | m^2^/l)**    | kg/l)**      | (2.4 kg/l)** | (1.8 kg/l)** |
+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

> **The Engineer shall specify the time period in order to allow
> adequate curing of the pavement surface. The Engineer should contact
> the paint manufacturer to determine the wait period.**
>
> **Due to the increased surface area to cover, the following should be
> substituted when painting P‑402 Porous Friction Course with waterborne
> or solvent based paints: \"The paint shall be mixed in accordance with
> the manufacturer\'s instructions and applied to the pavement with a
> marking machine from two directions at 75 percent of the rate(s) (
> e.g. rate/0.75 for paint, 0.75×rate for beads and sand)) shown in
> Table 1 from each direction.\"**
>
> **Markings may be required before paving operations are complete.  The
> Engineer may wish to specify waterborne or solvent-based materials for
> temporary markings at 30-50 percent of the specified application rates
> ( e.g. rate/0.50 ). No glass beads are required for temporary
> markings. A-A-2886A, Type III may be used for temporary markings when
> reflectorized temporary markings are desired**

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Glass beads shall be distributed upon the marked areas at the locations
shown on the plans to receive glass beads immediately after application
of the paint. A dispenser shall be furnished which is properly designed
for attachment to the marking machine and suitable for dispensing glass
beads. Glass beads shall be applied at the rate(s) shown in Table 1.
Glass beads shall not be applied to black paint. Glass beads shall
adhere to the cured paint or all marking operations shall cease until
corrections are made.

All emptied containers shall be returned to the paint storage area for
checking by the Engineer.  The containers shall not be removed from the
airport or destroyed until authorized by the Engineer.

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> **A 24 to 30 day waiting period is recommended for all types of paints
> to be used for pavement marking. If the airport operations require
> pavement marking prior to the recommended waiting period, the paint
> may be applied in a temporary light coat application. Appropriate
> modifications to paragraph 3.5 should be included to specify a 25% or
> 33% application rate for temporary markings. Glass beads are not
> required for temporary markings. The final application should occur
> after the waiting period has passed. The final marking application
> must be at full strength in order to adequately set the glass bead.
> Avoid specifying a 25-33% first application and then a 66-75% second
> application. This approach will not adequately set the glass bead.**

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**620-3.6 PROTECTION AND CLEANUP.**  After application of the paint, all
markings shall be protected from damage until the paint is dry.  All
surfaces shall be protected from excess moisture and/or rain and from
disfiguration by spatter, splashes, spillage, or drippings of paint. The
Contractor shall remove from the site all debris, waste, loose or
unadhered reflective media, and by-products generated by the surface
preparation and application operations to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. The Contractor shall dispose of these wastes in strict
compliance with all applicable state, local, and Federal environmental
statutes and regulations.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**620-4.1**  The quantity of runway and taxiway markings to be paid for
shall be **\[the number of square feet (square meters) of painting and
the number of pounds (kilograms) of reflective media\] \[one complete
item in place\]** performed in accordance with the specifications and
accepted by the Engineer.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**620-5.1**  Payment shall be made at the respective contract **\[price
per square foot (square meter)\] \[lump sum price\]** for runway and
taxiway painting **\[,** and **\[price per pound (kilogram)\] \[lump sum
price\]** for reflective media**.**  This price shall be full
compensation for furnishing all materials and for all labor, equipment,
tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made under:

> Item P‑620‑5.1-1 Runway and Taxiway Painting \[per square foot (square
> meter)\] \[lump sum\]

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> **The Engineer should include a pay item for each paint and bead type
> material specified.**

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> Item P‑620‑5.1-2 Reflective Media \[per pound (kilogram)\] \[lump
> sum\]

TESTING REQUIREMENTS

> ASTM C 136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
>
> ASTM C 146 Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand
>
> ASTM C 371 Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
>
> ASTM D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
>
> ASTM D 711 No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint
>
> ASTM D 968 Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
> Coatings by Falling Abrasive
>
> ASTM D 1213-54(1975) Test Method for Crushing Resistance of Glass
> Spheres
>
> ASTM D 1652 Test Method for Epoxy Content of Epoxy Resins
>
> ASTM D 2074 Test Method for Total Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
> Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator Method
>
> ASTM D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Products-Durometer Hardness
>
> ASTM G 15453 Operating Light and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent
> Light Apparatus UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic
> Materials.
>
> Federal Test Method Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials;
> Methods of Inspection,
>
> Standard No. 141D/GEN Sampling and Testing

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

> ASTM D 476 Specifications for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Pigments
> Products
>
> Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A -- Definition
> of Traverse Point Number and Location
>
> Code of Federal Regulations 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 -- Hazard
> Communications
>
> FED SPEC TT-B-1325D Beads (Glass Spheres) Retroreflective
>
> AASHTO M 247 Glass Beads Used in Traffic Paints
>
> FED SPEC TT-P-1952E Paint, Traffic and Airfield Marking, Waterborne
>
> Commercial Item
>
> Description (CID) A-A-2886B Paint, Traffic, Solvent Based
>
> FED STD 595 Colors used in Government Procurement

**END OF ITEM P-620**

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