![](media/image1.png){width="2.390277777777778in"
height="2.4381944444444446in"}**Making**

**PubMed**

**Work for You!**

![](media/image2.png){width="1.9027777777777777in"
height="1.7361111111111112in"}**The National Network**

**of Libraries of Medicine® (NN/LM)**

**Updated: April 2006**

#   {#section .Manual-14pt-Bold}

#  {#section-1 .Manual-14pt-Bold}

# NOTES {#notes .NOTES-Pages}

# Table of Contents {#table-of-contents .Style-Manual-14pt-Bold-+-Centered}

[Agenda iii](#agenda)

[NLM Home page (www.nlm.nih.gov) 1](#nlm-home-page-www.nlm.nih.gov)

[MedlinePlus® (NLM\'s Consumer Information page)
1](#medlineplus-nlms-consumer-information-page)

[ClinicalTrials.gov 1](#clinicaltrials.gov)

[The National Network of Libraries of Medicine®
2](#the-national-network-of-libraries-of-medicine)

[Document Delivery 2](#document-delivery)

[NLM Customer Service 3](#nlm-customer-service)

[Subscribe to NLM's Weekly Updates 4](#subscribe-to-nlms-weekly-updates)

[PubMed Overview 5](#pubmed-overview)

[Publisher Supplied Citations 6](#publisher-supplied-citations)

[In Process Citations 6](#in-process-citations)

[MEDLINE Citations 6](#medline-citations)

[What is MEDLINE? 6](#__RefHeading___Toc132177707)

[MEDLINE in PubMed 7](#__RefHeading___Toc132177708)

[OLDMEDLINE Citations 7](#oldmedline-citations)

[Other PubMed Citations 8](#other-pubmed-citations)

[Author Manuscript in PubMed Central (PMC)
8](#author-manuscript-in-pubmed-central-pmc)

[PubMed's Home Page 9](#pubmeds-home-page)

[The Sidebar 9](#__RefHeading___Toc132177713)

[Searching With PubMed 11](#searching-with-pubmed)

[Entering Search Terms 12](#entering-search-terms)

[How Does PubMed Work? 12](#__RefHeading___Toc132177716)

[Automatic Term Mapping Process 12](#automatic-term-mapping-process)

[Phrase Searching 16](#phrase-searching)

[Truncation (finding all terms that begin with a given text string)
17](#truncation-finding-all-terms-that-begin-with-a-given-text-string)

[PubMed Stopword List 17](#pubmed-stopword-list)

[Search Results Screen 18](#search-results-screen)

[Display Options 19](#display-options)

[Additional Display Options 20](#additional-display-options)

[Other Display Formats 20](#other-display-formats)

[Retrieval Summary Line 22](#retrieval-summary-line)

[Show pull-down Menu 22](#show-pull-down-menu)

[Sort pull-down Menu 23](#sort-pull-down-menu)

[Send to pull-down Menu 23](#send-to-pull-down-menu)

[Text (Print) 24](#__RefHeading___Toc132177729)

[File (Save) 24](#__RefHeading___Toc132177730)

[Clipboard 24](#__RefHeading___Toc132177731)

[E-Mail 25](#__RefHeading___Toc132177732)

[RSS Feed 25](#__RefHeading___Toc132177733)

[Document Ordering -- Loansome Doc 26](#document-ordering-loansome-doc)

[Order 26](#__RefHeading___Toc132177735)

[To Place an Order 28](#__RefHeading___Toc132177736)

[Feature Tabs 33](#feature-tabs)

[Limits 33](#limits)

[Searching by Author or Journal 33](#__RefHeading___Toc132177739)

[Full Text, Free Full Text, and Abstracts
34](#__RefHeading___Toc132177740)

[Dates 34](#__RefHeading___Toc132177741)

[Limiting by Dates 34](#__RefHeading___Toc132177742)

[Additional Limit Categories 35](#__RefHeading___Toc132177743)

[Tag Terms 36](#__RefHeading___Toc132177744)

[History 37](#history)

[Preview/Index Overview 40](#previewindex-overview)

[Preview 40](#preview)

[Index 42](#index)

[Clipboard 44](#clipboard)

[Using the Clipboard 45](#__RefHeading___Toc132177750)

[Details 46](#details)

[Saving a search strategy from Details:
47](#__RefHeading___Toc132177752)

[Practice Exercises 48](#practice-exercises)

[Suggested Answers 49](#suggested-answers)

[Related Articles 55](#related-articles)

[Links to Other Resources and NCBI Databases
56](#links-to-other-resources-and-ncbi-databases)

[My NCBI 57](#my-ncbi)

[My NCBI Features 57](#my-ncbi-features)

[Saving Searches 58](#saving-searches)

[Saving Results and Bibliographies in Collections
63](#saving-results-and-bibliographies-in-collections)

[Filters 64](#filters)

[User Preferences 68](#user-preferences)

[PubMed's MeSH Database 69](#pubmeds-mesh-database)

[Citation Matcher 74](#citation-matcher)

[Journals Database 76](#journals-database)

[Practice Exercises 80](#practice-exercises-1)

[Suggested Answers 81](#suggested-answers-1)

# Agenda {#agenda .Manual-Main-Heading}

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Agenda for 3.5 MLA CE Credits** | **Agenda for 2.5 MLA CE Credits** |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   **Introduction to PubMed - 15 | -   **Introduction to PubMed - 15 |
|     minutes**                     |     minutes**                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   General Information           | -   General Information           |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   PubMed Overview               | -   PubMed Overview               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   PubMed's Home Page            | -   PubMed's Home Page            |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   **Searching with PubMed -- 30 | -   **Searching with PubMed -- 30 |
|     minutes**                     |     minutes**                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   Entering Search Terms         | -   Entering Search Terms         |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Automatic Term Mapping        | -   Automatic Term Mapping        |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Navigating Your Search        | -   Navigating Your Search        |
|     Results                       |     Results                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Display Options               | -   Display Options               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Retrieval Options             | -   Retrieval Options             |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Document Ordering             | -   Document Ordering             |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   **PubMed Features -- 30       | -   **PubMed Features -- 30       |
|     minutes**                     |     minutes**                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   Limits                        | -   Limits                        |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   History                       | -   History                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Preview/Index                 | -   Preview/Index                 |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Clipboard                     | -   Clipboard                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Details                       | -   Details                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| ```{=html}                        | ```{=html}                        |
| <!-- -->                          | <!-- -->                          |
| ```                               | ```                               |
| -   **Break -- 15 minutes**       | -   **Break -- 15 minutes**       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   **Practice Session -- 25      | -   **Related Articles & Links -- |
|     minutes**                     |     5 minutes**                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   **Related Articles & Links -- | -   **My NCBI -- 10 minutes**     |
|     5 minutes**                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   **Advanced Searching -- 35    |
| -   **My NCBI -- 15 minutes**     |     minutes**                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   **Advanced Searching -- 35    | ```{=html}                        |
|     minutes**                     | <!-- -->                          |
|                                   | ```                               |
| ```{=html}                        | -   MeSH & MeSH Database          |
| <!-- -->                          |                                   |
| ```                               | -   Journals Database             |
| -   MeSH & MeSH Database          |                                   |
|                                   | -   Single Citation Matcher       |
| -   Journals Database             |                                   |
|                                   | ```{=html}                        |
| -   Single Citation Matcher       | <!-- -->                          |
|                                   | ```                               |
| ```{=html}                        | -   **Wrap-up -- 10 minutes**     |
| <!-- -->                          |                                   |
| ```                               |                                   |
| -   **Practice Session -- 30      |                                   |
|     minutes**                     |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   **Wrap-up -- 10 minutes**     |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

# NOTES {#notes-1 .NOTES-Pages}

# NLM Home page (www.nlm.nih.gov) {#nlm-home-page-www.nlm.nih.gov .Manual-Main-Heading}

+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| ![](media/image3.png){width="4.0375in"        | This homepage DOES   |
| height="3.2069444444444444in"}                | change, and          |
|                                               | different news       |
|                                               | stories and          |
|                                               | resources may be     |
|                                               | highlighted.         |
|                                               |                      |
|                                               | Click here for       |
|                                               | **PubMed**           |
|                                               |                      |
|                                               | Click here for       |
|                                               | consumer health      |
|                                               | information.         |
|                                               |                      |
|                                               | Click here for a     |
|                                               | listing of clinical  |
|                                               | trials.              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+

## MedlinePlus® (NLM\'s Consumer Information page) {#medlineplus-nlms-consumer-information-page .Manual-Subheading}

-   [http://medlineplus.gov](http://medlineplus.gov/)

-   Designed to direct consumers to resources containing information
    that will assist in researching their health questions.

-   Site is updated daily and to date, contains more than 700 health
    topics.

-   Information also available in Spanish.

-   For comprehensive and authoritative health information, MedlinePlus
    should be your first stop on the web.

## ClinicalTrials.gov {#clinicaltrials.gov .Manual-Subheading}

-   [http://clinicaltrials.gov](http://clinicaltrials.gov/)

-   Information on clinical trials for a wide range of diseases and
    conditions.

-   Approximately 13,500 clinical studies in over 82,000 locations
    worldwide -- mainly the United States and Canada.

-   Consumers can search ClinicalTrials.gov by disease or condition,
    treatment, trial phase, location and/or name of researcher.

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ![](medi       | ## The National                                     |
| a/image4.png){ |  Network of Libraries of Medicine® {#the-national-n |
| width="1.36458 | etwork-of-libraries-of-medicine .Manual-Subheading} |
| 33333333333in" |                                                     |
| he             | **NN/LM Web site: http://nnlm.gov**                 |
| ight="1.197916 |                                                     |
| 6666666667in"} | **Toll free phone number: 1-800-338-7657**          |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

-   Medical libraries throughout the United States are joined together
    in a network. The purpose of the National Network of Libraries of
    Medicine (NN/LM®) is to provide health science practitioners,
    investigators, educators, and administrators in the United States
    with timely, convenient access to biomedical and health care
    information resources.

    -   The network is administered by the National Library of Medicine.

    -   It consists of eight Regional Medical Libraries (major
        institutions under contract with NLM), and some 4,800 Primary
        Access Libraries (primarily at hospitals).

    -   The Regional Medical Libraries administer and coordinate
        services in the network\'s eight geographical regions.

## Document Delivery {#document-delivery .Manual-Subheading}

-   **Loansome Doc**® offers full-text document ordering. This feature
    is part of PubMed and the NLM Gateway.

    -   More information on Loansome Doc may be found on factsheets
        found at the NLM Web site:

        -   Loansome Doc:
            www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/loansome_doc.html

-   **DOCLINE**® is the computerized interlibrary loan system that is
    the foundation for Loansome Doc.

    -   More information on DOCLINE may be found on factsheets found at
        the NLM Web site:

        -   DOCLINE: www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/docline.html

## NLM Customer Service {#nlm-customer-service .Manual-Subheading}

-   Contact NLM if you need assistance or have questions about NLM's
    products or services.

    -   E-mail: <custserv@nlm.nih.gov>

    -   Toll-Free Phone: 1-888-FINDNLM (1-888-346-3656)

Monday-Friday 8:30 AM - 9:00 PM ET

Saturday 9:00 AM -- 5:00 PM ET

(closed Sundays & Federal holidays)

-   On the NLM home page, click on Contact NLM:

![](media/image5.png){width="4.728472222222222in" height="0.21875in"}

-   You will be taken to this screen:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image6.png){width="6.493055555555555in"
  height="3.745833333333333in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

##  Subscribe to NLM's Weekly Updates {#subscribe-to-nlms-weekly-updates .Manual-Subheading}

-   This mailing list will alert you when new information has been added
    to the NLM Web site.

    -   For example:

        -   NLM Technical Bulletin updates

        -   Revisions to training manuals

        -   Other important NLM announcements and events

-   Go to **http://list.nih.gov/archives/nlm-announces.html** or

    -   From the NLM home page click on **About the National Library of
        Medicine**. Click on news and events.

        -   Scroll down to **New on this Site** and click on **Subscribe
            to the NLM-Announces mailing list**.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image7.png){width="6.495833333333334in"
  height="4.227777777777778in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# [![](media/image8.png){width="4.125in" height="0.7638888888888888in"}](http://pubmed.gov/)http://pubmed.gov {#httppubmed.gov .Style-Manual-14pt-Bold-+-Centered}

# PubMed Overview {#pubmed-overview .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   PubMed is a database developed by the National Center for
    Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine
    (NLM) available on the Web. It is one of several databases under
    NCBI's Entrez retrieval system.

-   PubMed provides access, free of charge, to MEDLINE®, a database of
    13+ million bibliographic citations. In addition to MEDLINE
    citations, PubMed includes:

    -   Citations of recently published articles not yet fully indexed
        for MEDLINE.

    -   Some older citations that precede the date in which the journal
        was selected for indexing in MEDLINE.

    -   Links to the full text of articles at participating publishers'
        Web sites, biological data, sequence centers, etc. from third
        parties, and from PubMed Central.

    -   Links to the integrated molecular biology databases maintained
        by NCBI. These databases contain DNA and protein sequences,
        genome mapping data, and 3‑D protein structures, aligned
        sequences from populations, and the Online Mendelian Inheritance
        in Man (OMIM).

    -   OLDMEDLINE, approximately 2 million citations from biomedical
        journals covering the fields of medicine, preclinical sciences
        and allied health sciences from 1950 through 1965.

## Publisher Supplied Citations {#publisher-supplied-citations .Manual-Subheading}

-   These are citations that are supplied electronically by publishers
    directly to PubMed. The citations are then forwarded to NLM's Index
    Section to be processed. (Not all citations are supplied
    electronically).

-   Citations received electronically have the status tag: **\[PubMed -
    as supplied by publisher\]**.

**Sample of a publisher-supplied citation \-- submitted
electronically:**

  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------
  Notice the         ![](media/image9.png){width="3.727777777777778in"
  \[PubMed -- as     height="0.7284722222222222in"}
  supplied by        
  publisher\] status 
  tag.               

  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------

## In Process Citations {#in-process-citations .Manual-Subheading}

-   These are electronically supplied citations that will be reviewed
    for accurate bibliographic data and indexed with NLM's MeSH headings
    (controlled vocabulary terms).

-   In process records carry the status tag: **\[PubMed -- in
    process\]**.

**Sample of an In Process citation in PubMed:**

  -------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
  Notice the           ![](media/image10.png){width="3.4381944444444446in"
  \[PubMed-in          height="0.7486111111111111in"}
  process\] status     
  tag.                 

  -------------------- -----------------------------------------------------

## MEDLINE Citations {#medline-citations .Manual-Subheading}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177707 .anchor}What is MEDLINE?

-   This is NLM's premier bibliographic database covering the fields of
    medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care
    system, the preclinical sciences, and other areas of the life
    sciences.

-   MEDLINE records contain bibliographic citations and in most cases
    author abstracts from more than 4,800 biomedical journals published
    in the United States and 70 other countries.

-   MEDLINE records contain MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms,
    publication types, and other information added by NLM Indexers.

-   Most records are from English-language sources or have English
    abstracts, although more than 40 languages are represented in
    MEDLINE.

-   Approximately 76% of MEDLINE records include abstracts as they
    appear in the journal.

-   MEDLINE has 13 million records from 1966 to the present and adds
    about 500,000 indexed citations per year.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177708 .anchor}MEDLINE in PubMed

-   After MeSH terms and other indexing terms are added, the in process
    citations graduate to MEDLINE records. These "completed" records
    have also been checked for bibliographic accuracy.

-   Fully indexed MEDLINE records carry the status tag \[PubMed --
    indexed for MEDLINE\].

**Sample MEDLINE citation in PubMed:**

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  Notice the     ![](media/image11.png){width="4.0in"
  \[PubMed --    height="0.9055555555555556in"}
  indexed for    
  MEDLINE\]      
  status tag.    

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

## OLDMEDLINE Citations {#oldmedline-citations .Manual-Subheading}

-   Approximately 2 million OLDMEDLINE citations, originally printed in
    hardcopy indexes published from 1950-1965, are part of PubMed.
    OLDMEDLINE citations do not have abstracts. They also contain
    non-MeSH subject terms.

-   OLDMEDLINE records carry the status tag **\[PubMed-OLDMEDLINE for
    Pre1966\]**

**Sample of an OLDMEDLINE citation in PubMed:**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image12.png){width="5.122222222222222in"
  height="1.113888888888889in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

## Other PubMed Citations {#other-pubmed-citations .Manual-Subheading}

-   Some of the citations received electronically from publishers never
    become MEDLINE citations. These records do not go through the
    indexing process -- they are not assigned MeSH terms. Bibliographic
    data is checked for accuracy. These include:

    -   Out-of scope articles from selectively indexed MEDLINE journals

    -   Since late 2003, citations from issues of journals published
        prior to selection for MEDLINE indexing.

    -   Since June 2005, citations from non-MEDLINE journals.

-   These records carry the status tag **\[PubMed\]** or **\[PubMed --
    as supplied by publisher\]** and remain in PubMed but are not
    MEDLINE citations. Those with the status tag **\[PubMed**\] have
    been reviewed for bibliographic accuracy.

**Sample of a citation for an article that is out of scope for
MEDLINE:**

  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  *Notice the  ![](media/image13.png){width="4.166666666666667in"
  \[PubMed\]   height="0.8909722222222223in"}
  status tag*. 

  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.5298611111111111in"   **\[PubMed\]** citations have been quality reviewed by NLM.
  height="0.5402777777777777in"}                         

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

## Author Manuscript in PubMed Central (PMC) {#author-manuscript-in-pubmed-central-pmc .Manual-Subheading}

Author Manuscripts for articles in PMC that would not normally be
included in PubMed because they are from journals that are either not
currently indexed or are selectively indexed in MEDLINE or do not
participate in PMC.

## PubMed's Home Page {#pubmeds-home-page .Manual-Subheading}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177713 .anchor}The Sidebar

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ![](media      | **Text Version** - specifically for users who       |
| /image15.png){ | require special adaptive equipment to access the    |
| width="1.36041 | Web and use PubMed.                                 |
| 66666666666in" |                                                     |
| h              | **Entrez PubMed**                                   |
| eight="5.06527 |                                                     |
| 7777777778in"} | -   **Overview** provides a detailed description of |
|                |     the PubMed database including database coverage |
|                |     and PubMed journal information.                 |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Click **Help** for explanations of all the      |
|                |     features and search and retrieval options       |
|                |     within PubMed.                                  |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **FAQ**s are answers to frequently asked        |
|                |     questions about PubMed.                         |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The **Tutorial** is a Web-based, interactive    |
|                |     training program for PubMed.                    |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **New/Noteworthy** provides information about   |
|                |     PubMed system enhancements.                     |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **E-Utilities** provides tools to search and    |
|                |     retrieve outside of the regular web query       |
|                |     interface.                                      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | **PubMed Services**                                 |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Use the **Journals Database** to search for     |
|                |     journals; a list of journals with links to      |
|                |     full‑text is also included in the browser.      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The **MeSH Database** allows you to find MeSH   |
|                |     terms and build a search strategy.              |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The **Single Citation Matcher** allows you to   |
|                |     locate a specific article and the **Batch**     |
|                |     **Citation Matcher** is a tool for publishers.  |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The **Clinical Queries** page was designed for  |
|                |     clinicians and has built-in search "filters"    |
|                |     including systematic reviews.                   |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **LinkOut** provides users with links from      |
|                |     PubMed and other Entrez databases to a wide     |
|                |     variety of relevant web-accessible online       |
|                |     resources including full-text publications.     |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **My NCBI** allows users to store search        |
|                |     strategies to get updates -- including          |
|                |     automatic e-mailed updates. Set filters to      |
|                |     group retrieval by topics.                      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | **Related Resources**                               |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **Order Documents** is a link to the Loansome   |
|                |     Doc feature to order full‑text copies of        |
|                |     articles from a local medical library (local    |
|                |     fees and delivery methods may vary).            |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Click on **NLM Catalog** to access              |
|                |     bibliographic data for the NLM collection.      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The **NLM Gateway**, another NLM Web-based      |
|                |     service, provides access to MEDLINE and         |
|                |     additional NLM databases.                       |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **TOXNET** has databases on toxicology,         |
|                |     hazardous chemicals, and related areas.         |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **Consumer Health** is a link to MedlinePlus,   |
|                |     NLM's Web site for consumer health information. |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **Clinical Alerts** expedite the release of     |
|                |     findings from the NIH‑funded clinical trials    |
|                |     that could significantly affect morbidity and   |
|                |     mortality.                                      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Click on **ClinicalTrials.gov** to access the   |
|                |     NIH/NLM Web site to locate clinical research    |
|                |     studies open to participation.                  |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   **PubMed Central** is an archive of life        |
|                |     science journals. Access is free and            |
|                |     unrestricted.                                   |
|                |                                                     |
|                | **Privacy Policy**                                  |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   The National Center for Biotechnology           |
|                |     Information's Privacy Policy for PubMed users.  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

# N O T E S {#n-o-t-e-s .NOTES-Pages}

# Searching With PubMed {#searching-with-pubmed .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   PubMed provides many methods of searching to meet users' individual
    needs. You can run a simple search by entering a few search terms in
    the query box or construct complex search strategies using Boolean
    operators and using the various functions provided by the Features
    bar.

-   PubMed's Features Tabs provide these tools:

    -   Limits

    -   Preview/Index

    -   History

    -   Clipboard

    -   Details

-   In addition, these services are also available:

    -   The MeSH Database

    -   Clinical Queries & Systematic Reviews (These services will not
        be covered in this class.)

    -   The Journals Database

    -   The Single Citation Matcher

    -   My NCBI (formerly called Cubby)

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   PubMed makes use of **cookies** and **JavaScript** from
  height="0.8305555555555556in"}                         your Web browser for several functions. For more
                                                         information about cookies, see PubMed's Help.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

## Entering Search Terms  {#entering-search-terms .Manual-Subheading}

-   Enter significant terms in the query box (e.g., ***angina pain***)
    and click on the Go button.

    -   You can use the **Clear** button to erase the contents of the
        query box.

        **Sample Search:** Find citations to articles about **angina**
        and **pain**.

![](media/image16.png){width="6.2965277777777775in"
height="0.4340277777777778in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177716 .anchor}How Does PubMed Work?

-   PubMed uses Automatic Term Mapping to retrieve search results based
    on the keywords (terms) entered in the query box.

## Automatic Term Mapping Process {#automatic-term-mapping-process .Manual-Subheading}

-   Unqualified terms that are entered in the query box are matched
    against (in this order):

    -   MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) Translation Table

    -   Journals Translation Table

    -   Author Index

-   **1. MeSH Translation Table contains:**

    -   MeSH Headings and their Entry Term mappings (also known as
        synonyms) for MeSH terms

    -   Subheadings

    -   Mappings derived from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)

    -   Supplementary Concepts and synonyms to the Supplementary
        Concepts

    -   Publication Types and their Entry Terms

-   **1. MeSH Translation Table cont'd:**

    -   If a match is found in this translation table, the term will be
        mapped to the appropriate MeSH term and searched as MeSH and as
        a Text Word. Angina is an entry term for the MeSH term Angina
        Pectoris.

    -   In the case of Entry Terms, a "mapped to" MeSH term will also be
        searched in the title and abstract fields in citations that have
        not yet been assigned MeSH terms

**Example:**

![](media/image17.png){width="3.948611111111111in" height="0.25in"}

**PubMed Translation:** (\"angina pectoris\"\[TIAB\] NOT Medline\[SB\])
OR \"angina pectoris\"\[MeSH Terms\] OR angina\[Text Word\]

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![](     | When a term is searched as a MeSH Heading, PubMed         |
| media/im | automatically searches that heading and the more specific |
| age14.jp | headings underneath in the hierarchy. This is called      |
| eg){widt | exploding a term.                                         |
| h="0.833 |                                                           |
| 33333333 | For example, when searched as a MeSH Term, PubMed will    |
| 33334in" | search the heading Angina Pectoris as well as the more    |
| height   | specific term(s) in the hierarchy:                        |
| ="0.8305 |                                                           |
| 55555555 |                                                           |
| 5556in"} |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

-   ![](media/image18.png){width="2.125in"
    height="0.8541666666666666in"}**2. Journals Translation Table
    contains:**

    -   Full journal title

    -   MEDLINE abbreviation

    -   International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

**Example:**

![](media/image19.png){width="5.0472222222222225in"
height="0.26944444444444443in"}

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   If the journal's name happens to be a MeSH term or a
  height="0.7805555555555556in"}                         one-word title, PubMed will search the term as a MeSH
                                                         heading and as a Text Word, and the search will
                                                         ***not*** include the term as a journal name. Use the
                                                         Journals Database (see page 69), the All-Field
                                                         pull-down menu in Limits, or the journal field tag (see
                                                         appropriate sections of this workbook) to search for a
                                                         specific journal.

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------

**PubMed Translation:** (\"N Engl J Med\" \[Journal Name\])

-   **3. Author Index**

    -   If the phrase is not found in the MeSH or Journals Translation
        Tables and is a word with one or two letters after it, PubMed
        then checks the Author Index.

    -   Enter the author's name in the form of Last Name (space)
        Initials:

        **Examples:** o'brien jm

adams sh

pogonka t

-   If only the first initial is used, PubMed automatically truncates
    the author's name to account for varying initials.

**Example:**

![](media/image20.png){width="3.642361111111111in"
height="0.2798611111111111in"}

-   This search retrieves citations to articles written by o'brien j,
    o'brien ja, o'brien jz, etc.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   If only an author's last name is entered, PubMed will
  height="0.7805555555555556in"}                         search that name in All Fields (Author field plus all
                                                         other searchable fields). It will not default to the
                                                         Author Index because the last name is not followed by
                                                         initial(s). Special attention is needed when the last name
                                                         is the same as a MeSH term (see the Search Field
                                                         Descriptions section of this workbook).

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

-   **4. If no match is found?**

    -   PubMed breaks apart your terms and repeats the above process
        until a match is found.

    -   Terms that don't make a match will be searched in "All Fields."
        Individual terms will be combined (ANDed) together.

**Example:**

![](media/image21.png){width="3.002083333333333in" height="0.31875in"}

**PubMed Translation:**

((pressure \[MeSH Terms\] OR pressure \[Text Word\]) AND point \[All
Fields\])

**A look at the Automatic Term Mapping process:**

-   PubMed breaks apart a long phrase from right to left:

**Example:**

![](media/image22.png){width="5.009027777777778in"
height="0.36666666666666664in"}

  --------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------------------------
  **[Searches           **[Results:]{.underline}**   **[Action:]{.underline}**
  for:]{.underline}**                                

  head lice shampoo     No match found               Removes term on right to re-run
                                                     Automatic Term Mapping process.

  head lice             Match found in MeSH          head lice will be searched as
                        Translation Table            (pediculus \[TIAB\] NOT
                                                     Medline\[SB\]) OR pediculus \[MeSH
                                                     Terms\] OR head lice \[Text Word\]

  shampoo               No match found in            shampoo will be searched as shampoo
                        Translation tables           \[All Fields\]
  --------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------------------------

-   PubMed then combines (ANDs) the terms to produce a single search
    strategy:

    -   pediculus\[TIAB\] NOT Medline\[SB\] OR pediculus\[MeSH Terms\]
        OR head lice\[Text Word\] **AND** shampoo\[All Fields\]

## Phrase Searching  {#phrase-searching .Manual-Subheading}

-   Enclose a phrase in quotes to bypass Automatic Term Mapping and to
    check PubMed's Index of searchable terms for that phrase.

-   A term that is hyphenated is also searched as a phrase, e.g.,
    pressure-point

    -   The Index contains several million phrases generated from words
        in the title, abstract, and the UMLS.

        -   **Example:**

![](media/image23.png){width="4.7in" height="0.3111111111111111in"}

**PubMed Translation:** \"pressure point\"\[All Fields\]

-   If your quoted phrase does not appear in the Index, PubMed will fail
    to find the phrase even though it may actually appear in citation
    and abstract data. If this is the case, the double quotes are
    ignored and the phrase is processed using Automatic Term Mapping.

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ![         | When you enclose a phrase in double quotes, PubMed will |
| ](media/im | ***not*** perform Automatic Term Mapping which includes |
| age14.jpeg | explosions of MeSH terms.                               |
| ){width="0 |                                                         |
| .833333333 | For example, "health planning" ***will*** include       |
| 3333334in" | citations that have the MeSH heading, Health Planning,  |
| height="0. | but ***will not*** include the more specific            |
| 8305555555 | indentations (e.g., Health Care Rationing, Health Care  |
| 555556in"} | Reform) that are included with automatic MeSH mapping   |
|            | and explosion.                                          |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  It is important that searches be entered initially without quotes
  around terms to benefit from Automatic Term Mapping. Use the Details
  feature to see how the terms were mapped. If the mapping is not
  appropriate, or the retrieval was not as specific as desired, quoting
  terms can then be considered.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

## Truncation (finding all terms that begin with a given text string) {#truncation-finding-all-terms-that-begin-with-a-given-text-string .Manual-Subheading}

-   Place an asterisk (\*) at the end of a string of characters to
    search for all terms that begin with that string. The asterisk may
    only be used at the **end** of a string of characters.

-   **Example: *mimick\**** will find all terms that begin with the
    letters m-i-m-i-c-k; e.g. mimick, mimicked, mimicks, mimicking.

-   PubMed searches the first 600 variations of a truncated term. If a
    truncated term, e.g. myo\*, produces more than 600 variations,
    PubMed displays a message on the Results screen in pink near the top
    of the screen:

![](media/image24.png){width="6.472222222222222in"
height="0.3798611111111111in"}

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   Truncation turns off Automatic Term Mapping. For
  height="0.8305555555555556in"}                         example**, heart attack\*** will not map to the MeSH term,
                                                         Myocardial Infarction or include any of its more specific
                                                         terms, e.g., Myocardial Stunning.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

## PubMed Stopword List {#pubmed-stopword-list .Manual-Subheading}

PubMed also compares each search with to a list of commonly found terms
that are referred to as "stopwords." Stopwords may be ignored. This list
is available in PubMed's Help.

# Search Results Screen {#search-results-screen .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   Once you click on Go (or press the Enter key), PubMed will
    automatically:

    -   Run the search

    -   Retrieve and display citations

    -   Provide option to Save Search via My NCBI feature

-   The following is the Results screen returned by PubMed for the
    search example:

    -   ***Find citations to articles about having a rash and fever.***

+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Active **query     | ![]                                             |
| box** displaying   | (media/image25.png){width="4.458333333333333in" |
| current search.    | height="3.6458333333333335in"}                  |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Save Search      |                                                 |
| option via My      |                                                 |
| NCBI**             |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| The **Action Bar** |                                                 |
| selections are:    |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Display**        |                                                 |
| options            |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Show** pull-down |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Sort** options   |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Send** to        |                                                 |
| options            |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| **Page** button    |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Citations are      |                                                 |
| displayed in the   |                                                 |
| Summary format     |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| Icons indicate     |                                                 |
| presence of        |                                                 |
| abstract and/or    |                                                 |
| free full text     |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

-   The query box displays your search.

    -   This box is active; you can modify the current search by adding
        or eliminating terms and clicking on the **Go** button.

    -   Click on the **Clear** button to clear the search in the query
        box and start a new search.

-   The **Action Bar** selections are available both at the top and
    bottom of the Results screens.

-   An **Icon** next to a citation indicates if there is an abstract or
    full-text available for that article.

    -   ![](media/image26.png){width="0.2604166666666667in"
        height="0.3125in"} This article has no abstract

    -   ![](media/image27.png){width="0.2604166666666667in"
        height="0.3125in"} Click on the icon to read the abstract

    -   ![](media/image28.png){width="0.2604166666666667in"
        height="0.3125in"} Click on the green icon link to access free
        full-text

    -   ![](media/image29.png){width="0.2604166666666667in"
        height="0.3125in"} Click on the green and orange icon link to
        access the full-text in PubMed Central (see Free in PMC p.56)

## Display Options {#display-options .Manual-Subheading}

-   PubMed citations are initially displayed in the Summary format.

![](media/image30.png){width="5.154861111111111in"
height="0.7631944444444444in"}

-   The Summary format consists of the following:

    -   **Author Name(s):** All authors from the record are displayed.

    -   **Links:** Available links such as Related Articles, Protein,
        Nucleotide, etc.

    -   **Title of the article:** Most foreign language titles will be
        translated into English and placed within brackets.

    -   **Source:** Includes journal title abbreviation, date of
        publication, volume, issue, and pagination.

    -   Will also include language (for non-English articles) and
        Publication Type if the article is a review or retracted
        publication.

    -   Articles without abstracts will display the notation: "No
        abstract available."

    -   PubMed Unique Identifier (**PMID**).

    -   A status tag: \[PubMed - as supplied by publisher\], or
        \[PubMed - in process\], or \[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE\] ,
        or \[OLDMEDLINE\], \[PubMed\]

## Additional Display Options {#additional-display-options .Manual-Subheading}

-   You can access other display formats from the Results screen in the
    following manner:

    -   **Individual Citations:** Clicking on the author name link will
        display the citation in the Abstract display format.

    -   **All Citations:** Just select a format (see **Other Display
        Formats**).

    -   **Selected Citations:** Clicking on the box found to the left of
        the item number allows you to select one or multiple items.
        Choosing a format will display the selected item(s) in the
        desired display format.

## Other Display Formats {#other-display-formats .Manual-Subheading}

-   The pull-down menu next to **Display** allows you to select
    available display formats:

![](media/image31.png){width="2.2909722222222224in" height="2.3875in"}

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   Summary, Abstract, Citation, MEDLINE, Related Articles,
  height="0.8305555555555556in"}                         and LinkOut are the most appropriate display selections
                                                         for bibliographic information.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

-   **Citation Format** may provide the following information:

+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Source (journal title              | -   **MeSH Terms**        |
|     abbreviation, date of publication,   |                           |
|     volume, issue and pagination)**      |                           |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Title**                            | -   **Personal Name as    |
|                                          |     Subject (if           |
|                                          |     present)**            |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **On non-English language articles,  | -   **Chemical substances |
|     \[Article in language\] tag**        |     (if present)**        |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Author(s)**                        | -   **Grant numbers (if   |
|                                          |     present)**            |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Affiliation (address) of first     | -   **PMID**              |
|     author**                             |                           |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Publication Types (except for      | -   **Status tag**        |
|     "Journal Article")**                 |                           |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| -   **Annotations to associated          | -   **Links**             |
|     citations (e.g., errata)**           |                           |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+

-   **MEDLINE Format**

    -   Two to four-character tagged field format displaying all fields
        of the PubMed record.

    -   Use this format for downloading records into bibliographic
        management software programs.

-   ![](media/image32.png){width="4.3125in"
    height="3.4097222222222223in"}**Abstract Format** may provide the
    following information:

+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   Source (journal title          | -   Publication Types (except   |
|     abbreviation, date of          |     for "Journal Article")      |
|     publication, volume, issue and |                                 |
|     pagination)                    |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   Title                          | -   Annotations to associated   |
|                                    |     citations (e.g., errata)    |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   On non-English language        | -   PMID                        |
|     articles, \[Article in         |                                 |
|     language\] tag                 |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   Author(s)                      | -   Status tag                  |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   Affiliation (address) of first | -   Links                       |
|     author                         |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| -   Abstract (if present) from     |                                 |
|     published article              |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+

## Retrieval Summary Line {#retrieval-summary-line .Manual-Subheading}

![](media/image33.png){width="6.488888888888889in"
height="0.9048611111111111in"}

The retrieval summary line displays:

-   Total number of citations retrieved by the search (All tab), and the
    total number of citations from search results that have been
    assigned the Publication Type, review (Review tab).

-   **Tool symbol** (hammer and wrench) to the right of the All tab
    links you to My NCBI where users who are signed in can add or modify
    their Filter selections. (See My NCBI section of workbook for
    further information.)

-   **Page** selection: Use links for **Previous** and **Next** to
    navigate through search results. The current page number is
    displayed in the page box. To change, enter desired page number and
    press the **Page** button.

## Show pull-down Menu {#show-pull-down-menu .Manual-Subheading}

-   PubMed initially displays search results in batches of 20 citations
    per page.

![](media/image34.png){width="6.0569444444444445in"
height="1.3784722222222223in"}

-   Click on the **Show** pull-down menu to select a higher/lower
    number.

-   PubMed redisplays the citations based on your selection.

## Sort pull-down Menu {#sort-pull-down-menu .Manual-Subheading}

-   To sort items by **author**, **journal**, or **publication date**,
    click on the **Sort by** pull-down menu and select a sort field.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

![](media/image35.png){width="6.499305555555556in" height="0.96875in"}

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.9791666666666666in"   You can sort directly from the results screen, or you can
  height="0.8055555555555556in"}                         collect citations on the Clipboard and sort the items
                                                         there.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

## Send to pull-down Menu {#send-to-pull-down-menu .Manual-Subheading}

-   Use the **Send to** pull-down menu to convert to **Text** format,
    save (**File**), **Print**, place items on the **Clipboard**,
    **E-mail** a citation, save your search as an **RSS feed** or to
    **Order** the full-text copy of articles.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   ------------------------------------------------------------------  |
|   ![](media/image36.png){width="5.493055555555555in"                  |
|   height="1.2875in"}                                                  |
|                                                                       |
|   ------------------------------------------------------------------  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   **[To select citations]{.underline}**, click on the check boxes as
    you go through each page of your retrieval, then choose an option
    from the **Send to** pull-down menu. If you do not check citations,
    PubMed will select the **[entire set of search
    results]{.underline}**,

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177729 .anchor}Text (Print)

-   **Text** will redisplay citations on a single page, omitting the Web
    or HTML components -- you won't print PubMed's sidebar and buttons
    and you will save paper.

-   To **Print** in text format:

1.  Use the Print function of your Browser, which will print all of the
    citations displayed on your Web page.

2.  Use the Back function of your Browser to return to the results page.

**Printer**

-   Choose this option for a printer-friendly version of your Web page.
    Click *Print this Page* and use the *Print Dialog* box to choose
    your printer and print.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177730 .anchor}File (Save)

-   You can create a text file of your citations and save it to your
    computer or disc.

-   To **Save**:

1.  Select **File** from the Send to pull-down menu.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
3.  Your computer will prompt you to name the file and select a
    directory.

-   You can also save citations collected from multiple searches by
    using the clipboard.

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ![         | Before printing or saving to file, consider:            |
| ](media/im |                                                         |
| age14.jpeg | 1.  Changing the display format (Summary pull-down      |
| ){width="0 |     menu)                                               |
| .846527777 |                                                         |
| 7777778in" | ```{=html}                                              |
| height="0. | <!-- -->                                                |
| 7111111111 | ```                                                     |
| 111111in"} | 4.  Using the **Show** pull-down menu to change the     |
|            |     number of items displayed on the web page           |
|            |                                                         |
|            | 5.  Using the **Sort** pull-down menu to change the     |
|            |     order in which the citations are displayed.         |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177731 .anchor}Clipboard

-   The Clipboard allows you to store selected citations from your
    searches that you may want to print, save, e-mail or order (see
    Using the Clipboard in the Features Section of this Workbook).

-   To place an item in the **Clipboard**, click on the check box next
    to the citation. Choose **Clipboard** from the **Send to** pull-down
    menu.

    -   The maximum number of items that can be placed in the Clipboard
        is 500.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image37.png){width="6.740972222222222in"
  height="1.2715277777777778in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Note: If you click on Send to Clipboard without using the check
    boxes, PubMed will store all of the citations from your current
    search results (maximum 500).

-   Once you have added a citation to the Clipboard, the item number
    color will change and PubMed will display the message below.

![](media/image38.png){width="4.720138888888889in"
height="0.4701388888888889in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177732 .anchor}E-Mail

-   **E-mail** up to 500 items

    -   Options include Format, Sort, HTML or Text. The HTML option
        displays hyperlinks to Related Articles, LinkOut, and other
        PubMed features. The recipient\'s e-mail service must be set for
        HTML view to allow for proper display of this format.

    -   You may also include a short personal message to send with your
        e-mailed PubMed results.

    -   The "sender" of these messages is "Sent by NCBI." The subject
        line says "PubMed Search Results."

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177733 .anchor}RSS Feed

-   Create a PubMed search as an RSS feed. Daily updates can be obtained
    using either the new RSS feed feature or the existing service
    offered by My NCBI. Updates provided by My NCBI are recommended for
    less frequent updates. (See My NCBI on pages 57-67.)

## Document Ordering -- Loansome Doc {#document-ordering-loansome-doc .Manual-Subheading}

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **What is Loansome Doc?**                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Loansome Doc allows you to order the full-text of an article from a   |
| Loansome Doc participating library. Prior to using this feature, you  |
| need to establish an agreement with a Loansome Doc participating      |
| library. Your Loansome Doc library will provide you with their        |
| **Library ID**, which is required when setting up the service in      |
| PubMed or the NLM Gateway.                                            |
|                                                                       |
| **What does it cost?**                                                |
|                                                                       |
| The library providing you this service will explain their ordering    |
| fees, if any. This service is generally not free.                     |
|                                                                       |
| **What library can provide me with this kind of service?**            |
|                                                                       |
| Call your Regional Medical Library at **1-800-338-7657**              |
| Monday-Friday, 8:30 A.M.--5:00 P.M. to find a medical library in your |
| area that can set you up with the Loansome Doc ordering service. Or,  |
| go to http://www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov/members/ to find a library.         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177735 .anchor}Order

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image39.png){width="6.020833333333333in"
  height="1.2097222222222221in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   To order articles:

    -   Select the citations for the articles by clicking on the
        checkbox of each item.

    -   Choose **Order** from the **Send to** pull-down menu.

-   You can also order documents directly from the Clipboard.

![](media/image40.png){width="3.93125in" height="2.452777777777778in"}

-   On this page you can:

    -   log into Loansome Doc with your email address and Password, if
        you have already registered.

    -   obtain a status report of your orders

    -   update your Loansome Doc account information

    -   sign up for a Loansome Doc account

    -   link to FAQs

    -   learn more about Loansome Doc

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177736 .anchor}To Place an Order

-   Once you have logged in, Loansome Doc brings you to the **Place
    Order** screen confirming the citations you ordering. Click on the
    **Proceed to Delivery Options** button at the bottom of the screen.

  -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     ![](media/image41.png){width="6.495833333333334in"
     height="4.788888888888889in"}

     
  -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Click on the **Copyright Compliance** link to read the statement.
    Then click the checkbox and the **Continue** button.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image42.png){width="6.597222222222222in"
  height="4.845138888888889in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Next you are brought to the **Confirm Order** screen, which confirms
    your order. Review the information. Click **Send Order** button at
    bottom of screen.

![](media/image43.png){width="6.496527777777778in"
height="6.940972222222222in"}

-   Loansome Doc then brings you to the **Order Sent** screen:

![](media/image44.png){width="6.496527777777778in"
height="6.8590277777777775in"}

# NOTES {#notes-2 .NOTES-Pages}

# Feature Tabs {#feature-tabs .Manual-Main-Heading}

![](media/image45.png){width="4.586805555555555in"
height="0.3229166666666667in"}

-   The Feature Tabs offer several additional functions.

## Limits {#limits .Manual-Subheading}

-   Click on **Limits** from the Feature Tabs to bring up the Limits
    page.

![](media/image46.png){width="5.50625in" height="4.46875in"}

Partial Screen View

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177739 .anchor}Searching by Author or Journal

-   Limit your search to a specific author, or journal. Author names and
    journals will automatically move to the PubMed search box when you
    click **Go** at the top or the bottom of the page. Selected limits
    will be activated for any subsequent searches except for authors and
    journals. Author and journal selections will only be included in
    subsequent searches if they are not cleared from the PubMed search
    box.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177740 .anchor}Full Text, Free Full Text, and
Abstracts

-   To limit your search results to only citations that include a link
    to full text, a link to free full text, or an abstract, click the
    appropriate checkboxes.

![](media/image47.png){width="5.228472222222222in"
height="0.6145833333333334in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177741 .anchor}Dates

-   PubMed contains citations published back to the early-fifties.

-   When PubMed displays your search results, the citations are
    displayed in Entrez Date order -- last in, first out.

-   You may restrict to two date fields from the Limits screen:

    -   the date the article was published

    -   the date the citation was initially added to PubMed (Entrez
        Date)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177742 .anchor}Limiting by Dates

-   You may limit your search to articles published or added to PubMed
    by a pre-set date range or you may enter any desired date range

![](media/image48.png){width="5.228472222222222in" height="1.71875in"}

**Dates pull-down menu**

![](media/image49.png){width="5.228472222222222in"
height="1.2715277777777778in"}

**User-specified published date range**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177743 .anchor}Additional Limit Categories

-   Limits categories for Humans or Animals, Gender, Languages, Subsets,
    Type of Article (Publication Types) and Ages have been modified to
    allow users to choose multiple selections within each category. The
    complete lists of languages and publication types are also now
    available under the labels: More Languages and More Publication
    Types.

![](media/image50.png){width="5.300694444444445in"
height="4.706944444444445in"}

**Limits Categories**

**Limits Indicator**

![](media/image51.png){width="4.53125in" height="0.3854166666666667in"}

-   Once you have selected Limits, a check box appears next to the
    Limits on the Features Bar.

-   If you run a search, the limits in effect will appear in the yellow
    bar above the Display button:

![](media/image52.png){width="1.6979166666666667in"
height="0.2465277777777778in"}

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   To turn off all of the limits before you run your next
  height="0.8625in"}                                     search, click on the check box next to Limits on the
                                                         Features Bar to remove the check and turn off the
                                                         limits.

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177744 .anchor}Tag Terms

-   To limit untagged search terms to a specific citation field or by
    Text Word, choose a field from the Tag Terms All Fields menu located
    at the bottom of the PubMed Limits page.

![](media/image53.jpeg){width="1.8694444444444445in"
height="3.4180555555555556in"}

-   **Go** and **Clear All Limits** buttons are available at the bottom
    of the Limits page. The Go button function at the top and bottom of
    the page is equivalent.

## History {#history .Manual-Subheading}

![](media/image54.png){width="4.09375in" height="0.3541666666666667in"}

-   The History screen displays:

    -   Your search query

    -   The time of the search

    -   The number of citations in your search results

    -   Search statement numbers menu for combining searches

![](media/image55.png){width="5.261805555555555in"
height="1.8680555555555556in"}

**Using History**

-   You can use the search statement numbers shown in History to
    construct searches. When you click on a linked search statement
    number, you will open a menu of options. The first three choices are
    Boolean operators.

  -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
  **Example**:   ![](media/image56.png){width="3.9583333333333335in"
                 height="3.292361111111111in"}

  -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------

-   Type ***bipolar disorder*** into the search box. Click on search
    statement #5, choose ***OR*** from the menu.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image57.png){width="6.020833333333333in"
  height="2.6458333333333335in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Click on **Go** next to the preview button to run the search. Your
    last search now becomes

Search #7.

-   Other options from the menu:

+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| By choosing **Delete** from the menu, you can delete      | ![]      |
| individual search statements from History.                | (media/i |
|                                                           | mage58.p |
| Clicking on **Go** will run the search.                   | ng){widt |
|                                                           | h="0.927 |
| Clicking on **Details** you can view your search strategy | 08333333 |
| as it was translated using PubMed's automatic term        | 33334in" |
| mapping, other search rules, and syntax. Offering         | height   |
| **Details** as a choice on this menu saves you from       | ="1.2395 |
| having to pull up the results of your search and then     | 83333333 |
| using the Details link in the features bar.               | 3333in"} |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------+

-   You can still add search numbers to the query box manually. Remember
    that Boolean operators must be typed in all uppercase letters.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   To add previous searches to the terms in the query box,
  height="0.6798611111111111in"}                         continue clicking on the search numbers and choosing
                                                         Boolean operators. Notice that PubMed nests the terms in
                                                         the query box.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   Use the Preview button to preview the number of search
  height="0.6777777777777778in"}                         results before displaying the citations.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

**History Tips:**

-   Maximum number of queries that can be held in History is **100**.

-   Your search history will be **lost after 8 hours of inactivity**.

-   PubMed will move a search statement number to the top of the History
    if the new search is the same as a previous search.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   Click on the **Clear History** button available at the
  height="0.7895833333333333in"}                         bottom of the History screen to remove all searches from
                                                         the History.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

## Preview/Index Overview {#previewindex-overview .Manual-Subheading}

![](media/image60.png){width="4.239583333333333in"
height="0.3854166666666667in"}

-   This page is home to two functions: **Preview** and **Index**.

-   Use **Preview/Index** to:

    -   Preview the number of search results before displaying the
        citations.

    -   Refine search strategies by adding one or more terms, one at a
        time.

    -   Add terms to a strategy from specific search fields.

    -   View and select terms from the Index to develop search
        strategies.

    -   View your search strategy as you continue to refine your search.

## Preview {#preview .Manual-Subheading}

-   Previewing the number of search results before displaying the
    citations

    -   **Search Request:** Find citations about xylitol and tooth
        decay.

    -   Enter terms in the query box and click **Preview**.

![](media/image61.png){width="4.913194444444445in" height="0.3in"}

-   PubMed returns the number of citations but not the actual results.

  ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------
  ![](media/image62.png){width="5.722916666666666in"          Result shows
  height="1.4916666666666667in"}                              the number
                                                              of
                                                              citations.

  ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------

-   Refining search strategies by adding one or more terms at a time

    -   Add another term (e.g., tooth decay) to the query box and click
        Preview.

    -   View your search strategy and number of results as you continue
        to refine your search.

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Preview | ![](media/image63.png){width="5.391666666666667in"         |
| shows   | height="1.9375in"}                                         |
| search  |                                                            |
| s       |                                                            |
| trategy |                                                            |
| and     |                                                            |
| number  |                                                            |
| of      |                                                            |
| results |                                                            |
| as each |                                                            |
| term is |                                                            |
| added   |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| .       |                                                            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   **Preview** displays the last three queries from History.
  height="0.8333333333333334in"}                         Use History to review up to the last 100 queries. The Clear
                                                         History button in History also clears the history
                                                         information from the Preview/Index.

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   History will be lost after 8 hours of inactivity on PubMed.
  height="0.8402777777777778in"}                         

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

## Index {#index .Manual-Subheading}

-   Viewing and selecting terms from the Index to develop search
    strategies

    -   Use the Index button to view and select terms from the Index and
        to add them to your search strategy.

    -   The Index allows you to view a listing of searchable terms
        within a search field.

    -   You may also select terms to build a search strategy using
        Boolean operators.

-   Selecting a field and entering a term to look up in the Index

    -   Search Request: Find patient information about anthrax.

        -   On the Preview/Index screen enter anthrax in the PubMed
            query box:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image64.png){width="6.499305555555556in"
  height="0.28402777777777777in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Select **Publication Type** from the pull-down menu, type the term,
    ***patient education*** and click on the **Index** button.

  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  PubMed displays ![](media/image65.png){width="5.2243055555555555in"
  a portion of    height="2.4895833333333335in"}
  the             
  alphabetical    
  list of         
  available terms 
  for the         
  selected search 
  field. Scroll   
  up/down this    
  window using    
  the **scroll    
  bar.**          

  The number of   
  citations that  
  contain the     
  term appears in 
  parentheses to  
  the right of    
  the term.       

  To scroll       
  up/down the     
  entire Index    
  for the field,  
  click the       
  **Up/Down**     
  buttons.        
  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------

-   Selecting a term from the Index

    -   Click on the term to highlight it and then click on **Preview**.

![](media/image66.png){width="6.229166666666667in"
height="2.4791666666666665in"}

-   Continue viewing, selecting, and previewing search terms until your
    strategy is complete.

  ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
  **Query      ![](media/image67.png){width="5.638888888888889in"
  box** shows  height="2.1354166666666665in"}
  the search   
  term and the 
  search       
  field.       

  **Result**   
  shows the    
  number of    
  citations.   
  ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   **Preview** automatically ANDs together selected search
  height="0.7597222222222222in"}                         terms and previews the search. Use the **Boolean
                                                         operators** to combine search terms as needed. If you use
                                                         the Boolean operators, your search terms are added to the
                                                         PubMed query box and you must click Preview to see the
                                                         number of results.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   To OR together multiple terms from an Index display and
  height="0.7097222222222223in"}                         then add (i.e., AND) them to your search, click on each
                                                         term while holding down the Crtl-key (PC) or the
                                                         Command-key (Mac). When all the terms you want are
                                                         highlighted, click the connector AND to add the terms
                                                         (OR'ed together) to the query.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

## Clipboard {#clipboard .Manual-Subheading}

![](media/image68.png){width="4.125in" height="0.3333333333333333in"}

-   **Clipboard** allows you to collect selected citations from one
    search or several searches.

-   You can **sort**, **print**, **save**, **e-mail** or **order** the
    citations on the Clipboard.

    -   To place items on the Clipboard, see page 26.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image69.png){width="6.113888888888889in"
  height="4.061805555555556in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**Clipboard Tips:**

-   If you do not select citations using the checkboxes, PubMed will add
    up to 500 citations from your retrieval to the Clipboard.

-   The maximum number of items that can be added to the clipboard is
    500.

-   The clipboard will be lost after 8 hours of inactivity.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177750 .anchor}Using the Clipboard

-   To view the contents of your clipboard, click on Clipboard from the
    Features bar.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image70.png){width="6.113888888888889in"
  height="4.124305555555556in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

The Clipboard contains the same Action Bar selections as the search
results screen. In addition, you can save your citations to My NCBI from
the **Send to** drop-down menu (see My NCBI, p. XX).

**Deleting citations from the Clipboard**

-   To delete citations from the Clipboard, click on the box to the left
    of the item number. Choose **Clip Remove** from the Text pull-down
    menu. **Click on Send** to.

+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| ![](medi    | Citations on the Clipboard may be incorporated into a  |
| a/image59.j | search statement using #0. For example, limit the      |
| peg){width= | items on the Clipboard to English language citations   |
| "0.83333333 | using the following search***: #0 AND english          |
| 33333334in" | \[la\]***                                              |
| height="    |                                                        |
| 0.679861111 | This does not affect or replace the Clipboard          |
| 1111111in"} | contents.                                              |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

-   To empty the entire Clipboard, simply choose **Clip Remove** and
    click on **Send to**.

## Details {#details .Manual-Subheading}

![](media/image71.png){width="4.229166666666667in"
height="0.3333333333333333in"}

-   Click on Details to view your search query as it was translated by
    PubMed including MeSH term and PubMed phrase index mappings.

    -   Error messages (e.g., stopwords, truncation warnings, and
        misspellings) are also displayed.

-   The PubMed Query box in Details allows you to edit a search strategy
    and resubmit it.

-   Details also allow you to save a search strategy.

-   **Here's a closer look at Details:**

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| You can      | ![](media/image72.png){width="4.722916666666666in"    |
| modify the   | height="3.9166666666666665in"}                        |
|              |                                                       |
| search       |                                                       |
| strategy if  |                                                       |
| you wish and |                                                       |
| then click   |                                                       |
| on the       |                                                       |
| **Search**   |                                                       |
| button.      |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Click on the |                                                       |
| **URL**      |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| button to    |                                                       |
| create a URL |                                                       |
| that allows  |                                                       |
| you to save  |                                                       |
| your search  |                                                       |
| strategy.    |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Click on the |                                                       |
| **Result**   |                                                       |
| number       |                                                       |
| hyperlink to |                                                       |
| return to    |                                                       |
| the current  |                                                       |
| search       |                                                       |
| results.     |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| PubMed       |                                                       |
| Translations |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc132177752 .anchor}Saving a search strategy from
Details:

-   Click on the URL button. PubMed will return to the search results
    screen. The translated search strategy will be displayed in the
    query box and this search strategy will also be embedded as part of
    the URL.

  ------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   Save a search strategy using the URL button if you want
  height="0.75in"}                                       to email the URL to a colleague or create a link on a
                                                         Web page.

  ------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------

-   Next, use your Web browser's bookmark (favorites) function to save
    the URL as a bookmark. After saving the bookmark, you may want to
    use your Web browser's edit functions to rename the bookmark.

# Practice Exercises {#practice-exercises .Manual-Main-Heading}

1.  Find references about shingles and facial paralysis. How does PubMed
    map the term, shingles?

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
6.  Find references about hypertension and a nosebleed. How does PubMed
    map the term, nosebleed? Display all of the retrieved records on one
    Web page.

7.  Find some information about using a living donor for a liver
    transplantation. Using Limits, further restrict the search to only
    reviews.

8.  Find references about injuries from backpacks or backpacking.
    Bookmark this search strategy so the search can be run again at a
    later date.

9.  Find citations about using botox to treat migraines. Add the search
    results to the Clipboard. Go to the Clipboard to see the items.

10. A patron is interested in references about tuberculosis,
    particularly in the early literature (pre1966).

## Suggested Answers {#suggested-answers .Manual-Subheading}

1.  Find references about shingles and facial paralysis. How does PubMed
    map the term, shingles?

-   Enter ***shingles facial paralysis*** in the query box, click
    **Go**. Click on **Details** to see that the term shingles maps to
    the MeSH heading **Herpes Zoster**.

![](media/image73.png){width="5.770833333333333in"
height="4.510416666666667in"}

11. Find references about hypertension and a nosebleed. How does PubMed
    map the term, nosebleed? Display all of the retrieved records on one
    Web page.

-   **Details:**

![](media/image74.png){width="6.125in" height="4.416666666666667in"}

-   The term, nosebleed, maps to the MeSH heading, **epistaxis**. From
    the **Show** pull-down menu, choose a number higher than your final
    retrieval set in order to display all the records on one Web page.
    Click the **Display** button.

12. Using only the query box, find some information about using a living
    donor for a liver transplantation. Using Limits, further restrict
    the search to only review articles. Display the results so you can
    see the Mesh headings and the entire retrieval is on one page.

![](media/image75.png){width="5.53125in" height="3.4541666666666666in"}

-   Then Display the results so the entire retrieval is on one page.

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Select   | ![](media/image76.png){width="5.21875in"                  |
| desired  | height="0.7388888888888889in"}                            |
| format.  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| Use the  |                                                           |
| **Show** |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| p        |                                                           |
| ull-down |                                                           |
| menu to  |                                                           |
| display  |                                                           |
| all the  |                                                           |
| items on |                                                           |
| the same |                                                           |
| Web      |                                                           |
| page.    |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

13. Find references about injuries from backpacks or backpacking.
    Bookmark this search strategy so the search can be run again at a
    later date.

-   **Details:**

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| If you  | ![](media/image77.png){width="5.216666666666667in"         |
| t       | height="4.3694444444444445in"}                             |
| runcate |                                                            |
| bac     |                                                            |
| kpack\* |                                                            |
| you     |                                                            |
| pick    |                                                            |
| up:     |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| B       |                                                            |
| ackpack |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| Bac     |                                                            |
| kpacker |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| Back    |                                                            |
| packers |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| Back    |                                                            |
| packing |                                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| ba      |                                                            |
| ckpacks |                                                            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Use the URL button from Details to have PubMed embed the search
    strategy into a URL. Use your Web browser's bookmark function to
    save this URL.

14. Find citations about using botox to treat migraines. Add the search
    results to the Clipboard. Go to the Clipboard to see the items.

  ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
  Enter botox  ![](media/image78.png){width="5.46875in"
  migraines in height="3.645138888888889in"}
  the query    
  box. Click   
  on Send to   
  Clipboard to 
  add all the  
  items to the 
  Clipboard.   

  ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------

-   Once you click on Send to Clipboard, the following message tells you
    the items were added.

![](media/image79.png){width="4.958333333333333in" height="0.53125in"}

-   To see the items on the Clipboard, click on Clipboard on the
    Features Bar.

15. A patron is interested in references about tuberculosis,
    particularly in the early literature (pre1966).

![](media/image80.jpeg){width="3.15625in" height="1.6840277777777777in"}

Choose OLDMEDLINE from Subsets in Limits.

# Related Articles {#related-articles .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   Citations in PubMed have a **Related Articles** link. Clicking on
    this link will access the citations in PubMed that are most closely
    related to the original citation.

-   To create this list of Related Articles, PubMed compares words from
    the Title and Abstract of each citation, as well as the MeSH
    headings assigned, using a powerful word-weighted algorithm.

-   The Related Articles citations display is in rank order from most to
    least relevant. The citation you linked from is displayed first.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   A detailed explanation of the Related Articles algorithm is available
  height="0.8305555555555556in"}                         at
                                                         <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query/static/computation.html>.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------

-   **Example**: Find citations to articles about wrestling and crash
    diets.

  ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
  ![](media/image81.png){width="5.013194444444444in"      Related
  height="1.6076388888888888in"}                          Articles Link

  ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------

-   This search retrieves only 1 citation. Click on the Related Articles
    link and PubMed will display a list of related citations.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image82.png){width="5.279861111111111in"
  height="2.1194444444444445in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

#  Links to Other Resources and NCBI Databases {#links-to-other-resources-and-ncbi-databases .Manual-Main-Heading}

The Links pull-down menu was created to support new ways of using the
ever growing number of links between records in the Entrez databases.
All links, except for Related Articles, are included in the new
pull-down menu.

-   Cited Articles

    -   Track the citing of a specific article by PubMed Central (PMC)
        articles.

-   LinkOut

    -   LinkOut provides links from PubMed and other Entrez databases to
        a wide variety of relevant web‑accessible online resources
        including full‑text publications. Full-text is available when
        you see an icon link on the Abstract or Citation display
        formats.

-   Free in PMC

    -   Use the **Free in** **PMC** links to access free full-text at
        PubMed Central (PMC). PubMed Central \[pubmedcentral.gov\] is
        the National Institutes of Health's repository for peer-reviewed
        primary research reports in the life sciences.

-   Books

    -   Books links take you from terms in titles and abstracts to the
        full-text of biomedical textbooks.

-   Links to NCBI Databases (Entrez)

    -   **Protein** ‑ Protein sequences from Swiss‑Prot, PIR, PRF, PDB,
        and translated protein sequences from the DNA sequences
        databases.

    -   **Nucleotide** ‑ DNA sequences from GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ.

    -   **OMIM** - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. This database is
        a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders authored and
        edited by Dr. Victor A. McKusick and his colleagues at Johns
        Hopkins and elsewhere, and developed for the Web by NCBI.

    -   **PopSet** ‑ The PopSet database contains aligned sequences
        submitted as a set from a population, phylogenetic or mutation
        study describing such events as evolution and population
        variation.

    -   **Structure** ‑ The Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) contains
        3‑dimensional structures determined by X‑ray crystallography and
        NMR spectroscopy.

    -   **Genome** ‑ Provides access to records and graphic displays of
        entire genomes and chromosomes for megabase sequences obtained
        from large‑scale sequencing of genomes and chromosomes.

    -   **Taxonomy** -- The NCBI taxonomy database contains the names of
        all organisms that are represented in the genetic databases with
        at least one nucleotide or protein sequence.

# My NCBI {#my-ncbi .Manual-Main-Heading}

![](media/image83.png){width="2.2291666666666665in" height="0.5625in"}

## My NCBI Features {#my-ncbi-features .Manual-Subheading}

-   Saved Searches: save search strategies to get updates - including
    automatic e-mailed updates.

-   Filters: Group your retrieval by topics of interest to you

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   To use **My** **NCBI**, your Web browser must be set to
  height="0.6902777777777778in"}                         accept cookies.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

-   To get to My NCBI, click on the link on the PubMed banner, or in the
    left sidebar. First, you must register for an account.

**Sign In: Session-Only or Automa**tic

+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| The check box,    | ![]                                              |
| \"Keep me signed  | (media/image84.png){width="3.6666666666666665in" |
| in unless I sign  | height="3.1354166666666665in"}                   |
| out\" is          |                                                  |
| un-checked as the |                                                  |
| default.          |                                                  |
|                   |                                                  |
| This means that   |                                                  |
| My NCBI features  |                                                  |
| will be available |                                                  |
| **for your        |                                                  |
| current           |                                                  |
| session**.        |                                                  |
|                   |                                                  |
| Check the box if  |                                                  |
| you want My NCBI  |                                                  |
| features to be    |                                                  |
| available from    |                                                  |
| that computer     |                                                  |
| without signing   |                                                  |
| in again. This is |                                                  |
| done by use of a  |                                                  |
| **permanent       |                                                  |
| cookie** which    |                                                  |
| remains on the    |                                                  |
| computer.         |                                                  |
|                   |                                                  |
| Click **About     |                                                  |
| automatic sign    |                                                  |
| in** for more     |                                                  |
| information about |                                                  |
| this feature.     |                                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

**Important Facts about the E-mail for My NCBI Account**

-   Each My NCBI account can have only one e-mail address that will be
    used for all automatic e-mail updates saved in that account.

-   To change the e-mail address on an account, go to **User
    Preferences** on the My NCBI sidebar.

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="0.8229166666666666in"   The address for PubMed's Send to E-mail feature can be
  height="0.8208333333333333in"}                         changed for individual e-mails on the Send to E-mail page
                                                         without affecting the e-mail address used for the My NCBI
                                                         account.

  ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

## Saving Searches {#saving-searches .Manual-Subheading}

-   Run your PubMed search.

-   From the Results page, click on the **Save Search** link to the
    right of the query box.

  -------------------------------------------------------------- --------
  ![](media/image85.png){width="5.646527777777778in"             Click
  height="2.196527777777778in"}                                  here.

  -------------------------------------------------------------- --------

  ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8298611111111112in"   PubMed uses the search as it is stored in the History, so it
  height="0.9194444444444444in"}                         is important to run a search in order for it to appear in
                                                         the History.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

-   PubMed will open a separate window in your browser to start the
    saving process. (If you are not already signed into My NCBI, you
    will be prompted to do so.)

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| You can edit | ![](media/image86.png){width="4.704166666666667in"    |
| the name of  | height="2.134027777777778in"}                         |
| the search.  |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| This name    |                                                       |
| will be part |                                                       |
| of the       |                                                       |
| Subject line |                                                       |
| of automatic |                                                       |
| e-mail       |                                                       |
| updates      |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

-   Next, indicate whether or not you want to have the updates
    automatically e-mailed.

    -   If you leave the setting as No, the search is saved and you can
        update it at your convenience.

    -   If you select the Yes button, the window will extend to display
        additional options for customizing the update:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image87.png){width="6.434027777777778in"
  height="4.470138888888889in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**Setting up automatic updating**

-   Searches saved for automatic updating require that additional
    details be supplied.

    -   If the e-mail box is blank, enter an **e-mail address** for the
        account. ***All*** automatic updates will be sent to that
        address following confirmation

    -   Select **How often** you want to get updates - monthly, weekly,
        or daily.

    -   Select the **format** (Summary, Abstract, etc.), and either an
        HTML or text e-mail.

    -   Select the **maximum number of items to be sent** with each
        update. Don't worry about picking a number that is too low. You
        can use a link in the e-mail that takes you to the total update
        results in PubMed.

    -   If you want to know when an update retrieved no citations,
        select, **Send e-mail when there are no new results**.

    -   The **Additional text box** will default to the search name. You
        can replace this text, keeping in mind that this text will
        display on each e-mail update as "Sender's message" and the
        strategy is also displayed in the e-mail message. Many users
        will prefer not to include additional text.

+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Click  | ![](media/image88.png){width="5.152777777777778in"          |
| on the | height="3.6777777777777776in"}                              |
| word,  |                                                             |
| "**h   | **Partial e-mail update results**                           |
| ere**" |                                                             |
| to     |                                                             |
| view   |                                                             |
| the    |                                                             |
| co     |                                                             |
| mplete |                                                             |
| re     |                                                             |
| sults. |                                                             |
| For    |                                                             |
| this   |                                                             |
| ex     |                                                             |
| ample, |                                                             |
| to see |                                                             |
| all 10 |                                                             |
| cita   |                                                             |
| tions. |                                                             |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+

**Manually Updating Searches**

-   To manually update a search, go to your saved searches in My NCBI.

-   Check the box to the left of the search to be updated and click
    What's New for Selected at the bottom of the page.

-   My NCBI will indicate if there are any new citations retrieved by
    the strategy since your last update.

-   If you link to the results, i.e., complete the update, your saved
    search list will reflect the date and time of the update.

-   Additional Functions available from My Saved Searches page

+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| In the      | ![](media/image89.png){width="5.076388888888889in"     |
| Details     | height="2.3645833333333335in"}                         |
| column      |                                                        |
| click on    |                                                        |
| the         |                                                        |
| frequency   |                                                        |
| (Daily,     |                                                        |
| Weekly,     |                                                        |
| Monthly) to |                                                        |
| go to the   |                                                        |
| Search      |                                                        |
| Details     |                                                        |
| page where  |                                                        |
| you can     |                                                        |
| make        |                                                        |
| changes.    |                                                        |
|             |                                                        |
| Hold your   |                                                        |
| cursor over |                                                        |
| the data in |                                                        |
| the **Last  |                                                        |
| Updated**   |                                                        |
| column to   |                                                        |
| show the    |                                                        |
| date the    |                                                        |
| next e-mail |                                                        |
| update will |                                                        |
| be sent, or |                                                        |
| in the case |                                                        |
| of No       |                                                        |
| Schedule,   |                                                        |
| you will    |                                                        |
| see the     |                                                        |
| date you    |                                                        |
| last        |                                                        |
| manually    |                                                        |
| generated   |                                                        |
| new         |                                                        |
| citations.  |                                                        |
|             |                                                        |
| Saved       |                                                        |
| searches    |                                                        |
| can be run  |                                                        |
| to retrieve |                                                        |
| total       |                                                        |
| results,    |                                                        |
| i.e., not   |                                                        |
| limited to  |                                                        |
| new         |                                                        |
| citations.  |                                                        |
| Click on    |                                                        |
| the name of |                                                        |
| the search. |                                                        |
| (This will  |                                                        |
| not affect  |                                                        |
| future      |                                                        |
| updates.)   |                                                        |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

**Modifying a Strategy: Save a New One and Delete the Old**

-   Saved search strategies cannot be edited. To modify a strategy,
    re-save it with your changes.

-   To delete a search, select the search using the check box and click
    on the Delete Selected button at the bottom of the page.

**Changing the E-mail Address for an Account**

-   User Preferences is accessible via a link on the My NCBI sidebar.
    You can change the e-mail address for your My NCBI account here.

-   Keep in mind, anytime you change the e-mail for an account, all
    automatic updates will be sent to that address following
    confirmation.

**Search Statement Numbers in Saved Searches**

-   My NCBI allows you to save searches with search statement numbers
    (#2 OR #3) AND #1.

-   Be aware that the default search name does not include any Boolean
    operators and search tags, if entered.

    -   Example: (#1 OR #2) AND #4

        -   #1: wrist

        -   #2: shoulder

        -   #4: arthroscopy

![](media/image90.png){width="6.496527777777778in"
height="2.107638888888889in"}

-   This name does not affect the strategy, so it is advisable to edit
    it to something short, yet meaningful.

-   Be sure to run your search before saving it, in order for it to
    appear in the History and be successfully saved.

## Saving Results and Bibliographies in Collections {#saving-results-and-bibliographies-in-collections .Manual-Subheading}

-   Saving results to a collection is a two-step process; results are
    first sent to the clipboard and then to My NCBI Collections

To save results in a collection:

1.  Sign in to My NCBI if you have not already done so.

2.  Run a PubMed search, and then on the results page select the items
    you want to save using the check boxes; if you do not select any
    items all results up to 500 items will be sent to the clipboard.

3.  Click Clipboard, select the items you want to save, if you do not
    select any items all results will be saved.

4.  Select My NCBI Collections under the Send to menu.

5.  On the Save Collection pop-up window you may create a new collection
    or append to an existing collection, enter a collection name, and
    delete the saved items from the clipboard.

![](media/image91.png){width="4.550694444444445in"
height="1.679861111111111in"}

![](media/image92.png){width="5.009722222222222in"
height="1.6458333333333333in"}

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ![         | Your Web browser will need to allow pop-ups from NCBI   |
| ](media/im | Web pages to use collections.                           |
| age14.jpeg |                                                         |
| ){width="0 | The Maximum number of items in a collection is 1500.    |
| .833333333 |                                                         |
| 3333334in" | The total number of collections for each My NCBI        |
| height="0. | account is 100.                                         |
| 6902777777 |                                                         |
| 777778in"} |                                                         |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

## Filters {#filters .Manual-Subheading}

-   My NCBI includes a Filters feature which groups search results by
    areas of interest.

-   You can have up to five active filters using My NCBI.

**The Tabs**

-   "All" tab shows the total retrieval for the search. "Review" tab
    shows the total retrieval for review articles.

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| The All tab    | ![](media/image93.png){width="4.83125in"            |
| shows the      | height="1.8041666666666667in"}                      |
| total          |                                                     |
| retrieval for  |                                                     |
| the search.    |                                                     |
| The **Review** |                                                     |
| tab shows the  |                                                     |
| total          |                                                     |
| retrieval for  |                                                     |
| review         |                                                     |
| articles.      |                                                     |
|                |                                                     |
| To the right   |                                                     |
| of the         |                                                     |
| "Review" tab,  |                                                     |
| the hammer and |                                                     |
| wrench icon    |                                                     |
|                |                                                     |
| links you to   |                                                     |
| My NCBI where  |                                                     |
| you can add or |                                                     |
| modify your    |                                                     |
| filter         |                                                     |
| choices.       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

**Adding Filters**

-   Use the ![](media/image94.png){width="0.22916666666666666in"
    height="0.23958333333333334in"} icon to link to the Quick Pick list
    of commonly-requested filters:

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  Click in the   ![](media/image95.png){width="5.049305555555556in"
  checkboxes to  height="2.9493055555555556in"}
  select or      
  deselect       
  filters.       

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

**Browse**

-   Click on Browse to see additional options for PubMed filters.

-   On the Browse page there are three categories:

    -   Linkout

    -   Links

    -   Properties

-   Users interested in subject-related filters for their searches
    should look at Properties.

  ------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
  There are     ![](media/image96.png){width="5.502777777777778in"
  over 70       height="2.970833333333333in"}
  filter        
  options under 
  Properties.   

  ------------- -------------------------------------------------------------

-   Under Properties, use the links to see the available filters for
    each sub-category. Here is the one for Publication Types:

  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------
  Use the   ![](media/image97.png){width="5.5152777777777775in"
  link for  height="2.4791666666666665in"}
  the       
  desired   
  filter to 
  go to a   
  page      
  where you 
  can       
  select    
  that      
  filter.   

  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------

  ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------
  Click in   ![](media/image98.png){width="5.5125in" height="2.15625in"}
  the        
  checkbox   
  to select  
  the        
  filter.    

             
  ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------

**LinkOut Filters**

-   Filters in this category group results by full text providers,
    libraries, and other outside resources.

**Adding your library's holdings as a filter**

-   From the LinkOut filters page:

  ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  Click on Libraries  ![](media/image99.png){width="4.527777777777778in"
  link.               height="4.0680555555555555in"}

  ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

-   This will bring up a page with all of the LinkOut-participating
    libraries.

    -   Use your browser's Find feature to locate your library.

    -   Click on the desired library link.

    -   Then click on the checkboxes to add a result tab and/or display
        the library's icon:

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Notice the | ![](media/image100.png){width="5.199305555555555in"     |
| use of     | height="2.3958333333333335in"}                          |
| "b         |                                                         |
| readcumbs" |                                                         |
| on the     |                                                         |
| Filters    |                                                         |
| pages.     |                                                         |
|            |                                                         |
| Each       |                                                         |
| breadcrumb |                                                         |
| for a      |                                                         |
| higher     |                                                         |
| level is a |                                                         |
| link to    |                                                         |
| that page. |                                                         |
|            |                                                         |
| Click in   |                                                         |
| the        |                                                         |
| checkboxes |                                                         |
| to add     |                                                         |
| these      |                                                         |
| s          |                                                         |
| elections. |                                                         |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| ![]     | Results tabs for LinkOut providers display the LinkOut     |
| (media/ | user name.                                                 |
| image14 |                                                            |
| .jpeg){ | Place your cursor over this ID to see the name of the      |
| width=" | provider.                                                  |
| 0.81944 |                                                            |
| 4444444 | Users who connect to PubMed with a URL that includes a     |
| 4444in" | library\'s holdings parameter will continue to see their   |
| he      | library icon even if they do not select their library in   |
| ight="0 | My NCBI. Users should select their library filter if they  |
| .920833 | want to see a filter tab for their library in the search   |
| 3333333 | results.                                                   |
| 333in"} |                                                            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

**My Selections**

-   Click on My Selections at any time to check on the filters selected:

![](media/image101.png){width="6.041666666666667in" height="2.90625in"}

**Using the Filter Tabs**

-   Click on a filter tab to go to the citations for a particular
    filter. Select any display format you wish.

-   When you click on the filter name (tab) to see the results for a
    filter, a tack symbol will appear in the tab:

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Clicking on  | ![](media/image103.png){width="4.347222222222222in"   |
| the          | height="2.009027777777778in"}                         |
|              |                                                       |
| ![](m        |                                                       |
| edia/image10 |                                                       |
| 2.png){width |                                                       |
| ="0.17708333 |                                                       |
| 333333334in" |                                                       |
| height=      |                                                       |
| "0.197916666 |                                                       |
| 66666666in"} |                                                       |
| icon         |                                                       |
| \"tacks\"    |                                                       |
| that filter  |                                                       |
| onto the     |                                                       |
| search       |                                                       |
| query.       |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![](med   | Filters added this way will display in the query box     |
| ia/image5 | with the \[Filter\] tag.                                 |
| 9.jpeg){w |                                                          |
| idth="0.8 | If you want to save this search, click on Save Search.   |
| 333333333 |                                                          |
| 333334in" | Many filter topics can be added to the search via the    |
| hei       | Limits page. Either way will yield the same results.     |
| ght="0.71 |                                                          |
| 944444444 |                                                          |
| 44444in"} |                                                          |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+

## User Preferences {#user-preferences .Manual-Subheading}

-   Available from My NCBI sidebar

-   Change the display format for the Links menu on your search results
    screen.

-   Save an e-mail address for Send to E-mail as well as automatic
    e-mail updates.

-   Choose to highlight PubMed search words in retrieval when you are
    signed into My NCBI.

Activating Highlighting Feature:

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Highlighting | ![](media/image104.png){width="4.141666666666667in"   |
| default is   | height="2.311111111111111in"}                         |
| set to       |                                                       |
| **Off**.     |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Selecting a  |                                                       |
| color and    |                                                       |
| clicking     |                                                       |
| **OK**       |                                                       |
| activates    |                                                       |
| this         |                                                       |
| feature.     |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

##   {#section-2 .Manual-Subheading}

## PubMed's MeSH Database {#pubmeds-mesh-database .Manual-Subheading}

-   PubMed's MeSH Database allows you to:

    -   Locate and select MeSH terms for searching.

    -   See the definition and other helpful information for a MeSH
        term.

    -   Display MeSH terms in the hierarchy.

    -   Build a PubMed search strategy.

    -   Limit MeSH terms to a major concept for a search.

    -   Attach subheadings for a search.

    -   Link to the NLM MeSH Section's MeSH Browser

**How to Get There**

-   Click on **MeSH Database** on the sidebar.

    -   Now, let's use the MeSH Database to build a search strategy for
        a search for citations about the diagnosis of bursitis.

  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  Enter           ![](media/image105.png){width="4.047916666666667in"
  **bursitis** in height="1.5173611111111112in"}
  the query box   
  and click the   
  **Go** button.  

  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------

-   PubMed displays results in the Summary format:

+---------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| **            | ![](media/image106.png){width="4.978472222222222in"  |
| Suggestions** | height="2.470138888888889in"}                        |
| are MeSH or   |                                                      |
| Entry terms   |                                                      |
| generated by  |                                                      |
| an algorithm  |                                                      |
| that compares |                                                      |
| letter        |                                                      |
| combinations  |                                                      |
|               |                                                      |
| **Links**     |                                                      |
| allows you to |                                                      |
| run a PubMed  |                                                      |
| search or     |                                                      |
| link to MeSH  |                                                      |
| Browser.      |                                                      |
|               |                                                      |
| Scope Note    |                                                      |
| (meaning for  |                                                      |
| this concept) |                                                      |
| is displayed. |                                                      |
|               |                                                      |
| Click on the  |                                                      |
| term to see   |                                                      |
| the Full      |                                                      |
| display.      |                                                      |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------+

-   The **Full** Display provides more information about the term.

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Use the  | ![](media/image107.png){width="5.358333333333333in"       |
| check    | height="4.185416666666667in"}                             |
| boxes to |                                                           |
| select   |                                                           |
| subh     |                                                           |
| eadings. |                                                           |
| Click on |                                                           |
| the      |                                                           |
| Sub      |                                                           |
| headings |                                                           |
| link to  |                                                           |
| see a    |                                                           |
| list of  |                                                           |
| su       |                                                           |
| bheading |                                                           |
| defi     |                                                           |
| nitions. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| Use      |                                                           |
| these    |                                                           |
| ch       |                                                           |
| eckboxes |                                                           |
| to       |                                                           |
| restrict |                                                           |
| to major |                                                           |
| topic or |                                                           |
| to not   |                                                           |
| explode  |                                                           |
| a term.  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| Entry    |                                                           |
| Terms    |                                                           |
| (s       |                                                           |
| ynonyms) |                                                           |
| are      |                                                           |
| p        |                                                           |
| rovided. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| MeSH     |                                                           |
| h        |                                                           |
| ierarchy |                                                           |
| is       |                                                           |
| d        |                                                           |
| isplayed |                                                           |
| with     |                                                           |
| searched |                                                           |
| term in  |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| oldface. |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

-   Subheadings that can be selected for searching with this term are
    listed (click on the Subheadings link for definitions).

-   You may restrict the MeSH term to a major point or choose not to
    explode the term.

-   Entry Terms (synonyms) are provided.

-   MeSH hierarchy is displayed with searched term in boldface.

**Send to Search Box**

-   To specify a search for: Citations about the diagnosis of bursitis

-   Under Subheadings, click on the diagnosis checkbox from the Full
    display screen.

-   Next, select Search Box with AND from pull-down menu and click the
    Send to button.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image108.png){width="5.891666666666667in"
  height="2.842361111111111in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   The term with any subheadings will appear in the Search Box:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image109.png){width="4.8694444444444445in"
  height="0.8604166666666667in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Now, let's adjust our search to articles discussing the diagnosis of
    bursitis in the knee joint.

-   Enter ***knee joint*** in the query box and click **Go**.

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Searching on    | !                                                  |
| the next term.  | [](media/image110.png){width="4.329166666666667in" |
|                 | height="2.0701388888888888in"}                     |
| Here's the      |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| strategy being  |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| built.          |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

-   This brings you to the Summary display for **Knee** **Joint**. Click
    on the **Knee** **Joint** term link to see the Full display for this
    term.

    -   Now, let's restrict to citations where the major focus of the
        article is knee joints and then add this term to the strategy we
        are building.

    -   To do this, select Search Box with AND from the pull-down menu
        and click the Send to button.

+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Click     | ![](media/image111.png){width="5.090277777777778in"      |
| here to   | height="4.477777777777778in"}                            |
| restrict  |                                                          |
| to a      |                                                          |
|           |                                                          |
| **Major** |                                                          |
| *         |                                                          |
| *Topic**. |                                                          |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+

-   Now, the search is built and is ready to be run in PubMed. Click the
    Search PubMed button below the Search box:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image112.png){width="5.75in" height="1.0in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# NOTES  {#notes-3 .NOTES-Pages}

# Citation Matcher {#citation-matcher .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   The **Single Citation Matcher** allows you to find a citation using
    information such as a journal name, volume, issue, page number,
    publication date, and title words.

    -   The **Single Citation Matcher** can also be used to get a "Table
        of Contents" listing of items from a particular issue of a
        journal in PubMed.

    -   The **Batch Citation Matcher** allows you to retrieve the PubMed
        IDs for many articles all at once. The feature requires that you
        enter the bibliographic information (journal, volume, page,
        etc.) in a specific format. Note: The Batch Citation Matcher is
        primarily a tool used by publishers to check their electronic
        submissions and links.

-   **How to Get There:**

    -   Click on **Single Citation Matcher** on the PubMed sidebar.

    -   Enter as much information as you know, only one field is
        required, and click on the **Search** button.

-   **Example**: Biometals, 2001, one author is Shuhama

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image113.png){width="3.9569444444444444in"
  height="2.071527777777778in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   **Result:**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image114.png){width="6.111805555555556in"
  height="1.3833333333333333in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image59.jpeg){width="0.8333333333333334in"   If you know four or more significant words from the title,
  height="0.6798611111111111in"}                         that is often all that is needed to locate a reference.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

-   **Example**: You are looking for the citation for an article
    entitled, \"Where does it hurt? Pain localization in osteoarthritis
    in the knee.\"

    -   Enter significant words from the title and click on the
        **Search** button.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image115.png){width="4.597222222222222in"
  height="2.1597222222222223in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Result:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image116.png){width="5.525in" height="1.5354166666666667in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Journals Database {#journals-database .Manual-Main-Heading}

-   The PubMed Journals Database allows you to search for citations in
    PubMed from a journal of your choice. The database includes the
    journals in all Entrez databases, e.g. PubMed, Nucleotides, etc. You
    can locate a journal using:

    -   Journal title, the ISSN (International Standard Serial Number),
        the MEDLINE title abbreviation, the NLM ID (ID number for
        LOCATORplus) or the ISO (International Organization for
        Standardization).

-   Click on the Journals Database link from the PubMed sidebar:

-   **Search the Journals Database:**

    -   Enter the journal information and click on the Go button.

![](media/image117.png){width="6.302083333333333in" height="0.3125in"}

-   **Result**:

-   The Links menu to the right of the title includes links to the
    Entrez databases in which citations to the journal are found. Select
    a database under the Links menu to retrieve records for that
    journal. You can also send the journal title to the Single Citation
    Matcher or search the NLM Catalog.

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Use the NLM  | ![](media/image118.png){width="5.3in"                 |
| ID to link   | height="1.9270833333333333in"}                        |
| to           |                                                       |
| LocatorPlus, |                                                       |
| or the NLM   |                                                       |
| Catalog link |                                                       |
| for further  |                                                       |
| information  |                                                       |
| about the    |                                                       |
| journal.     |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Use the      |                                                       |
| PubMed link  |                                                       |
| from the     |                                                       |
| Links        |                                                       |
| pull-down to |                                                       |
| retrieve     |                                                       |
| citations    |                                                       |
| for an       |                                                       |
| individual   |                                                       |
| journal in   |                                                       |
| PubMed.      |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Use the      |                                                       |
| Single       |                                                       |
| Citation     |                                                       |
| Matcher link |                                                       |
| to place the |                                                       |
| journal      |                                                       |
| title in the |                                                       |
| journal      |                                                       |
| title box of |                                                       |
| the Single   |                                                       |
| Citation     |                                                       |
| Matcher.     |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

-   Click on a journal selection under **Suggestions** to go directly to
    a specific journal record, or scroll down through the records listed
    in alphabetical order.

-   Click on the journal title to see its full record.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   **Suggestions offered**

    -   The Journals Database also suggests journals based on your
        search terms.

    -   The suggestions may include titles retrieved by the search but
        will likely include additional titles not retrieved.

    -   If you find a journal of interest in the list of suggested
        journals, you can use the link on the title to go directly to
        its record.

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| The first  | ![](media/image119.png){width="5.1625in"                |
| suggestion | height="1.19375in"}                                     |
| is the     |                                                         |
| proper     |                                                         |
| title.     |                                                         |
|            |                                                         |
| Click on   |                                                         |
| this link  |                                                         |
| to go to   |                                                         |
| the        |                                                         |
| Journals   |                                                         |
| database   |                                                         |
| record for |                                                         |
| this       |                                                         |
| title.     |                                                         |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

**Building a PubMed query for multiple journals**

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Click in the | > ![](media/image120.png){width="5.511805555555555in" |
| checkbox to  | > height="3.1979166666666665in"}                      |
| the left of  |                                                       |
| desired      |                                                       |
| journal      |                                                       |
| title.       |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Choose       |                                                       |
| Search Box   |                                                       |
| with OR from |                                                       |
| the Send to  |                                                       |
|              |                                                       |
| Once         |                                                       |
| finished     |                                                       |
| building     |                                                       |
| your search, |                                                       |
| click Search |                                                       |
| PubMed       |                                                       |
| button.      |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| ![]     | This multiple journal search will, like all PubMed         |
| (media/ | searches, become part of your PubMed History. You can then |
| image59 | combine that History number with additional terms or other |
| .jpeg){ | History search numbers for more customized queries.        |
| width=" |                                                            |
| 0.80555 | This feature facilitates the task of limiting searches to  |
| 5555555 | a specific group of journals.                              |
| 5556in" |                                                            |
| heigh   |                                                            |
| t="0.71 |                                                            |
| 875in"} |                                                            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

**Journals With Links to Publisher Web Sites:**

-   On the Journals Database screen, click on journals with **links to
    full-text web sites** for a list of full-text journals available on
    the Web to which PubMed is currently linked.

    -   Some journals may require that you register, subscribe, or pay a
        fee in order to view the full-text of an article.

    -   Contact the journal publishers as noted on their individual Web
        sites for specific access information.

# NOTES {#notes-4 .NOTES-Pages}

# Practice Exercises {#practice-exercises-1 .Manual-Main-Heading}

Try using the PubMed MeSH Database for searches that require the use of
MeSH headings.

1.  Find articles discussing the diagnosis of prostate cancer as the
    main focus of the article. Then limit to articles entered into
    PubMed in the last 2 years.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
16. Find citations to articles discussing the surgical or drug treatment
    of osteosarcoma in children. Limit to studies involving the drug,
    cisplatin. Also, limit to English language articles.

17. Find references discussing the economics of community-acquired
    pneumonia.

Try to find the references using the following information and PubMed's
Single Citation Matcher:

18. *Arthritis Rheum*, 1982, page 1271-7

19. R. G. Johnson, *Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery*, Jan
    1998, Page 148

## Suggested Answers {#suggested-answers-1 .Manual-Subheading}

1.  Find articles discussing the diagnosis of prostate cancer as the
    main focus of the article. Then limit to articles entered into
    PubMed in the last 2 years.

-   MeSH Database Summary display:

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  Click term to ![](media/image121.png){width="4.741666666666666in"
  reach Full    height="2.967361111111111in"}
  display.      

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

-   Choosing diagnosis subheading and restricting to major topic:

  ---------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
  Once             ![](media/image122.png){width="5.699305555555555in"
  specifications   height="3.6819444444444445in"}
  are checked,     
  click on Search  
  Box with AND and 
  click on the     
  Send to button.  

  ---------------- -------------------------------------------------------------

-   To run search strategy in PubMed, click on the Search PubMed button
    below the Search box:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image123.png){width="5.868055555555555in"
  height="0.9180555555555555in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Now, restrict to those citations entered into the database in the
    last 2 years using the Limits screen.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image124.png){width="6.3909722222222225in"
  height="3.254166666666667in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

20. Find citations to articles discussing the surgical or drug treatment
    of osteosarcoma in children. Limit to studies involving the drug,
    cisplatin. Also, limit to English language articles.

-   Choosing appropriate subheadings from the Full display for
    Osteosarcoma:

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Once     | ![](media/image125.png){width="4.868055555555555in"       |
| specif   | height="3.1041666666666665in"}                            |
| ications |                                                           |
| are      |                                                           |
| checked, |                                                           |
| click on |                                                           |
| "Search  |                                                           |
| Box with |                                                           |
| AND" and |                                                           |
| click on |                                                           |
| the Send |                                                           |
| to       |                                                           |
| button.  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| Check    |                                                           |
| the two  |                                                           |
| app      |                                                           |
| ropriate |                                                           |
| sub      |                                                           |
| headings |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

-   Searching Cisplatin and sending the term to the search box as you
    build your strategy:

+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Once   | ![](media/image126.png){width="5.560416666666667in"         |
| term   | height="3.4965277777777777in"}                              |
| is     |                                                             |
| sel    |                                                             |
| ected, |                                                             |
| click  |                                                             |
| on     |                                                             |
| Send   |                                                             |
| to     |                                                             |
| b      |                                                             |
| utton. |                                                             |
|        |                                                             |
| Check  |                                                             |
| the    |                                                             |
| term   |                                                             |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Now, let's take this strategy into PubMed and then continue our
    search from PubMed using the Limits feature. Click on Search PubMed.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image127.png){width="5.75in" height="0.8958333333333334in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Back in PubMed using the Limits feature:

  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------
  Choose    ![](media/image128.png){width="4.959027777777778in"
  your      height="1.604861111111111in"}
  limits.   

  --------- -------------------------------------------------------------

21. Find references discussing the economics of community-acquired
    pneumonia.

-   Selecting the subheading of economics to attach to the MeSH heading,
    pneumonia, from the Full display in the MeSH Database:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image129.png){width="4.479861111111111in"
  height="2.5618055555555554in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Searching for the next term:

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------
  Read the Scope   ![](media/image130.png){width="4.191666666666666in"
  Note. If         height="3.1840277777777777in"}
  relevant, click  
  on the term to   
  see the Full     
  Display for more 
  information      
  including        
  subheadings.     

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------

-   Final strategy ready to send to PubMed:

![](media/image131.png){width="5.470138888888889in"
height="0.9972222222222222in"}

Try to find the following references using the following information and
PubMed's Single Citation Matcher :

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 4\. *Arthritis   | ![                                                |
| Rheum*           | ](media/image132.png){width="4.461805555555555in" |
|                  | height="1.5458333333333334in"}                    |
| 1982             |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| page 1271-7      |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ![](media/image133.png){width="5.211111111111111in"
  height="0.8743055555555556in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

5\. R. G. Johnson

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Jan 1998

Page 148

![](media/image134.png){width="4.258333333333334in"
height="1.5097222222222222in"}

![](media/image135.png){width="4.788888888888889in"
height="0.8395833333333333in"}