![](media/image1.png){width="1.375in" height="1.3104166666666666in"}

> UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF PREVENTION,

PESTICIDES AND

TOXIC SUBSTANCES

March 28, 2006

[MEMORANDUM]{.underline}

SUBJECT: Arsenic: Phase 3 Revised Occupational and Residential Exposure
Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document for DMA,
CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA.

FROM: Charles Smith, Environmental Scientist

Shanna Recore, Industrial Hygenist

> Reregistration Branch 2

Health Effects Division (7509C)

TO: Diana Locke, Ph.D., Risk Assessor/Toxicologist

Reregistration Branch 2

Health Effects Division (7509C)

THROUGH: Alan Nielsen, Branch Senior Scientist

> Reregistration Branch 2
>
> Health Effects Division (7509C)

[DP Barcode]{.underline}: D327887

[Pesticide Chemical Codes]{.underline}: DMA: 012501

CAMA: 013806

MSMA: 013803

DSMA: 013802

**[Preface]{.underline}**

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 requires that EPA's Office of
Pesticide Programs review the safety of all existing pesticide
tolerances (the legal limit set on the maximum amount of pesticides that
may remain in or on foods) by August 2006. As part of this reassessment
process, the risk assessment on the organic arsenical pesticides is
being updated. There are four registered organic arsenical pesticides:
cacodylic acid (dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) and its sodium salt (sodium
cacodylate); monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA); disodium methanearsonate
(DSMA); and calcium acid methanearsonate (CAMA). One other organic
arsenical, arsanilic acid (PC 129005), is not included in this
assessment. Arsanilic acid is a plant growth regulator with a
registration (expiration 02/28/2001) for experimental use (180.550) in
Florida on grapefruit. For ease of discussion the sodium salt of
cacodylic acid and cacodylic acid are treated as one and will be
referred to as dimethylarsonic acid (DMA), and MSMA, DSMA, and CAMA will
be referred to as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA). Some of the reference
materials also refer to MMA as methylarsonic acid (MAA). In cases where
chemical-specific uses, risks, or other issues are being discussed, the
specific pesticide name (MSMA, DSMA, and CAMA) will be used. DMA and MMA
can occur as two different valence states. Unless noted, DMA and MMA
refer to the +5 valence state (e.g., DMA^V^, MMA^V^).

As part of the reassessment of the organic arsenic herbicides, new
studies on the metabolism and the animal cancer mode of action of DMA
were evaluated. These studies were the focus of a special issue paper
(USEPA, 2005a) presented to the Science Advisory Board (SAB) September
12-13, 2005. The paper focused on the carcinogenic mode of action in
animals and whether the rat tumor data should be used to estimate human
potential risk and if so, how an understanding of the mode of action
informs the dose response extrapolation for cancer risk assessment.
Based on the deliberations of the SAB, the Agency made appropriate
revisions to the issue paper (USEPA, 2005b). The current risk assessment
reflects these revisions, in addition to the revisions that were made
based on comments previously provided by the MAA Research Task Force
(MAARTF).

The reassessment of the organic arsenicals has presented unique
challenges to the Agency. The interdependency of the environmental fate
and metabolism with the occupational and residential exposure, coupled
with the distinct toxicities of the individual arsenic species requires
an integrated and multi-tiered approach. The complex nature of this risk
assessment necessitates that the reader consider the assessment in
total. The Agency recommends that the reader of this risk assessment
read the entire document. No individual section or discipline can be
isolated from the others.

In order to provide a comprehensive assessment, the potential exposure
to, and toxicity of, the mono- and di-methylated organic arsenicals and
inorganic arsenic are included. Uncertainties exist concerning the
transformation of each arsenic species to another under variable
environmental conditions. Moreover, there are uncertainties regarding
the measurement, or quantitation, of each arsenic species. The majority
of monitoring data from food, water, and soil report total arsenic and
do not distinguish the various arsenic compounds. As such, the Agency
has limited data by which to quantify the risk to the organic
arsenicals. The Agency does, however, have sufficient data to conclude
that the concentrations of various arsenicals in soil or water, as well
as the transformation between species, is highly dependent upon
environmental conditions. The Agency believes that a variable mixture of
organic and inorganic arsenical species is present from any source of
exposure at any point in time. Since the toxic effects and target organs
of each arsenical species differ, the potential risks are not additive.
Under some environmental conditions, available residues of the
arsenicals may be of one species; monomethylated, dimethylated, or
inorganic arsenic; therefore, HED has conducted risk assessments for
each species of arsenic that include both exposures from the registered
uses of the organic arsenicals and potential background levels of the
arsenicals.

**[OCCUPATIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE/RISK ASSESSMENT AND
CHARACTERIZATION]{.underline}**

**[Executive Summary]{.underline}**

Cacodylic acid or dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) is a cotton defoliant and
is also an herbicide used in agricultural, commercial, and residential
settings for the postemergent control of annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds. It is registered as a liquid concentrate, a pressurized liquid,
and a ready-to-use solution; and is applied using: aircraft, groundboom
sprayer, rights-of-way sprayer, handgun sprayer, low pressure handwand
sprayer, ready-to-use "trigger pump" sprayer, garden hose end sprayer,
and sprinkling can.

Calcium acid methanearsonate (CAMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide
registered for postemergent weed control on lawns and turfgrass. CAMA is
formulated as a liquid concentrate and a ready-to-use solution. CAMA is
applied by commercial applicators using a low-pressure handwand sprayer
or handgun sprayer. It is applied by homeowner applicators using a low
pressure handwand sprayer, hose-end sprayer, and ready-to-use "trigger
pump" sprayer.

Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide
registered for weed control on cotton, under trees, vines and shrubs,
and for lawn care. MSMA technical is formulated as a liquid concentrate,
and a ready-to-use liquid. MSMA is applied by aircraft, groundboom,
rights-of-way sprayer, turf handgun sprayer, and low pressure handwand
sprayer.

[]{.mark}

Disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide
registered for weed control on cotton, under trees, vines and shrubs,
and for lawn care. DSMA is formulated as a liquid concentrate, and a
wettable powder. DSMA is applied by aircraft, groundboom, rights-of-way
sprayer, turf handgun sprayer, and low pressure handwand sprayer.

The toxicity endpoints for methanearsonic acid (MMA) were selected for
assessing risks from exposures following applications of CAMA, MSMA, and
DSMA. This was based on the knowledge that the calcium and sodium ions
disassociate once the calcium salt and sodium salts are dissolved in
water and CAMA, MSMA and DSMA become MMA as soon as dissolved in water.
DMA has separate toxicity endpoints from MMA, except the inhalation
endpoint selected for both DMA and MMA is the same. Since there was no
inhalation endpoint available for MMA, the inhalation endpoint for DMA
was used as a conservative surrogate.

HED has determined that there are potential exposures to mixers,
loaders, applicators, and other handlers during the usual use-patterns
associated with DMA, CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA. Based on the use patterns, 10
occupational exposure scenarios were identified for DMA, four
occupational exposure scenarios were identified for CAMA, 8 occupational
exposure scenarios were identified for DSMA, and 8 occupational exposure
scenarios were identified for MSMA. Calculations of non-cancer risk
based on dermal and inhalation exposure indicate that the dermal and
inhalation MOEs are more than 100 with maximum risk reduction measures
for all of the short and intermediate term occupational exposure
scenarios listed above.

HED has determined that there are potential exposures to postapplication
occupational workers during usual use-patterns associated with DMA,
CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA. For lawn renovation using DMA, the calculated MOE
is 75 on day 0 (12 hours following application), and the target MOE is
not reached until the day after application (REI =24 hours). All other
postapplication scenarios have risks below HED's level of concern on day
0 (12 hours following application).

HED has determined that there are potential exposures to residential
mixer, loader, and applicators during the usual use-patterns associated
with DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA. Based on the use patterns, five
residential exposure scenarios were identified for DMA, three
residential exposure scenarios were identified for CAMA, three
residential exposures were identified for DSMA, and three residential
handler exposure scenarios were identified for MSMA. For residential
handlers, all non-cancer risks are not of concern.

The following residential postapplication scenarios were identified:
dermal exposure from residue on lawns (adult and toddler), hand-to-mouth
transfer of residues on lawns (toddler), ingestion of pesticide residue
on treated grass (toddler), and incidental ingestion of soil from
pesticide-treated residential areas (toddler). There are a few risk
concerns for DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA as they are currently used in the
residential environment. The target level of concern for DMA incidental
oral scenarios is 30 (i.e., MOEs ≥ 30 is not of concern to HED), since
the endpoint is an BMDL~10~. Short-term incidental oral MOEs for DMA for
toddlers were \<30 for the hand-to-mouth activity and object-to-mouth
activities on turf.

Calculated aggregated risks to toddlers (i.e., hand to mouth activity,
object to mouth activity on treated turf plus incidental soil ingestion
of pesticide residue from treated turf areas) are of concern for
applications of DMA at both assessed application rates and for CAMA at
the highest assessed application rate of 4.4 lb ai/acre. The target
level of concern for DMA incidental oral scenarios is 30 (i.e., MOE ≥ 30
is not of concern to HED), since the endpoint is a BMDL~10~. The
aggregated risks from DMA treatment at both application rates are of
concern, with MOEs of 3 for both use rates. The target level of concern
for incidental ingestion scenarios for CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA is 100
(i.e., MOE ≥ 100 is not of concern to HED.) A postapplication aggregated
MOE of 85 was determined when assessing risks following treatment with
CAMA at 4.4 lb ai/acre. Application at the two lower use rates for CAMA
resulted in MOEs which were above the level of concern. Aggregate MOEs
calculated for DSMA and MSMA were above the target level of 100.

**[TABLE OF CONTENTS]{.underline}**

**1.0 OCCUPATIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE/RISK ASSESSMENT
[8](#__RefHeading___Toc131307580)**

**1.1 Purpose [8](#__RefHeading___Toc131307581)**

**1.2 Criteria for Conducting Exposure Assessments
[8](#__RefHeading___Toc131307582)**

**1.3 Summary of Toxicity Concerns Relating to Occupational and
Residential Exposures [8](#__RefHeading___Toc131307583)**

**1.4 Incident Reports [15](#__RefHeading___Toc131307584)**

**1.5 Summary of Physical and Chemical Properties of DMA, CAMA, MSMA,
and DSMA [17](#__RefHeading___Toc131307585)**

**1.6 Summary of Use Pattern and Formulations
[25](#__RefHeading___Toc131307586)**

1.6.1 Occupational-Use and Homeowner-Use Products
[25](#__RefHeading___Toc131307587)

1.6.2 Type of Pesticide/Targeted Pest [26](#__RefHeading___Toc131307588)

1.6.3 Formulation Types and Percent Active Ingredient
[28](#__RefHeading___Toc131307589)

1.6.4 Registered Use Sites [28](#__RefHeading___Toc131307590)

1.6.5 Application Rates [30](#__RefHeading___Toc131307591)

1.6.6 Method and Types of Equipment Used for Mixing, Loading and
Application [32](#__RefHeading___Toc131307592)

1.6.7 Timing and Frequency of Application
[34](#__RefHeading___Toc131307593)

**2.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AND RISKS
[34](#__RefHeading___Toc131307594)**

**2.1 Occupational Handler Exposures and Risk Estimates
[34](#__RefHeading___Toc131307595)**

2.1.1 Data and Assumptions For Handler Exposure Scenarios
[35](#__RefHeading___Toc131307596)

**2.1.1.1 Assumptions for Handler Exposure Scenarios
[35](#__RefHeading___Toc131307597)**

**2.1.1.2 Exposure Data for Handler Exposure Scenarios
[36](#__RefHeading___Toc131307598)**

2.1.2 Occupational Handler Exposure Scenarios
[39](#__RefHeading___Toc131307599)

2.1.3 Non-cancer Occupational Handler Exposure and Assessment
[41](#__RefHeading___Toc131307600)

**2.1.3.1 Non-cancer Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Calculations
[41](#__RefHeading___Toc131307601)**

**2.1.3.2 Occupational Non-cancer Risk Summary (using PHED and ORETF
data) [42](#__RefHeading___Toc131307602)**

2.1.4 Cancer Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Assessment
[64](#__RefHeading___Toc131307603)

2.1.5 Summary of Risk Concerns and Data Gaps for Occupational Handlers
[64](#__RefHeading___Toc131307604)

**2.1.5.1 Summary of Risk Concerns [64](#__RefHeading___Toc131307605)**

**2.1.5.2 Summary of Data Gaps [66](#__RefHeading___Toc131307606)**

2.1.6 Recommendations for Refining Occupational Handler Risk Assessment
[66](#__RefHeading___Toc131307607)

**2.2 Occupational Postapplication Exposures and Non-Cancer Risk
Estimates [66](#__RefHeading___Toc131307608)**

2.2.1 Occupational Postapplication Exposure Scenarios
[66](#__RefHeading___Toc131307609)

2.2.2 Data/Assumptions for Postapplication Exposure Scenarios
[69](#__RefHeading___Toc131307610)

2.2.3 Occupational Postapplication Exposure and Noncancer Risk Estimates
[70](#__RefHeading___Toc131307611)

2.2.4 Noncancer Risk Summary [70](#__RefHeading___Toc131307612)

2.2.5 Occupational Postapplication Exposure and Risk Estimates for
Cancer [72](#__RefHeading___Toc131307613)

2.2.6 Summary of Occupational Postapplication Risk Concerns and Data
Gaps [73](#__RefHeading___Toc131307614)

2.2.7 Recommendations for Refining Occupational Postapplication Risk
Assessment [73](#__RefHeading___Toc131307615)

**3.0 RESIDENTIAL HANDLER EXPOSURES AND NON-CANCER RISK ESTIMATES
[73](#__RefHeading___Toc131307616)**

**3.1 Residential Handler Exposures and Risks
[73](#__RefHeading___Toc131307617)**

3.1.1 Handler Exposure Scenarios [73](#__RefHeading___Toc131307618)

3.1.2 Data and Assumptions for Handler Exposure Scenarios
[75](#__RefHeading___Toc131307619)

3.1.3 Residential Handler Exposure and Non-Cancer Risk Estimates
[77](#__RefHeading___Toc131307620)

3.1.4 Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cancer
[81](#__RefHeading___Toc131307621)

3.1.5 Summary of Risk Concerns and Data Gaps for Handlers
[81](#__RefHeading___Toc131307622)

3.1.6 Recommendations for Refining Residential Handler Risk Assessment
[82](#__RefHeading___Toc131307623)

**3.2 Residential Postapplication Exposures and Assumptions
[82](#__RefHeading___Toc131307624)**

3.2.1 Residential Postapplication Exposure Scenarios
[82](#__RefHeading___Toc131307625)

3.2.2 Data and Assumptions for Residential Postapplication Exposure
Scenarios [84](#__RefHeading___Toc131307626)

3.2.3 Residential Postapplication Exposure and Noncancer Risk Estimates
[86](#__RefHeading___Toc131307627)

3.2.4 Residential Postapplication Exposure Characterization
[94](#residential-postapplication-exposure-characterization)

3.2.5 Residential Postapplication Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic
[94](#residential-postapplication-exposure-to-inorganic-arsenic)

3.2.6 Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cancer
[97](#__RefHeading___Toc131307630)

3.2.7 Summary of Residential Postapplication Risk Concerns and Data Gaps
[97](#__RefHeading___Toc131307631)

3.2.8 Recommendations for Refining Residential Postapplication Risk
Assessments [97](#__RefHeading___Toc131307632)

**References [99](#dma-occupational-handler-exposures-and-risks)8**

**Appendix A - DMA Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks
[99](#dma-occupational-handler-exposures-and-risks)**

**Appendix B - DMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[110](#dma-residential-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix C - DMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk
Appendices
[113](#dma-residential-postapplication-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix D - CAMA Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks
[120](#cama-occupational-handler-exposures-and-risks)**

**Appendix E - CAMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[126](#cama-residential-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix F - CAMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk
Appendices
[129](#cama-residential-postapplication-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix G - DSMA Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[136](#dsma-occupational-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix H - DSMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[144](#dsma-residential-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix I - DSMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk
Appendices
[146](#dsma-residential-postapplication-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix J - MSMA Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[152](#msma-occupational-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix K - MSMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices
[164](#msma-residential-handler-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix L - MSMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk
Appendices
[166](#msma-residential-postapplication-exposure-and-risk-appendices)**

**Appendix M - Assumptions [172](#appendix-m-assumptions)**

1.  []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307580 .anchor}**OCCUPATIONAL AND
    RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE/RISK ASSESSMENT**

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307581 .anchor}**1.1 Purpose**

In this document, which is for use in EPA\'s development of the organic
arsenicals Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document (RED), EPA
presents the results of its review of the potential human health effects
of occupational and residential exposure to the arsenicals, including
dimethylarsenic acid (cacodylic acid or DMA)), calcium acid
methanearsonate (CAMA), monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) and disodium
methanearsonate (DSMA).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307582 .anchor}**1.2 Criteria for Conducting
Exposure Assessments**

An occupational and/or residential exposure assessment is required for
an active ingredient if (1) certain toxicological criteria are triggered
[and]{.underline} (2) there is potential exposure to handlers (mixers,
loaders, applicators, etc.) during use or to persons entering treated
sites after application is complete. For the arsenicals, both criterion
are met.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307583 .anchor}**1.3 Summary of Toxicity
Concerns Relating to Occupational and Residential Exposures**

[Acute Toxicology]{.underline}

*DMA*

Table 1 presents the acute toxicity categories as outlined in the
*Cacodylic Acid* -- Re-evaluation - Report of the Hazard Identification
Assessment Review Committee (USEPA, 1999a).

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Table 1. DMA: Acute Toxicity      
  Categories**                        

  Study Type                          Toxicity Category

  Acute Oral Toxicity                 III

  Acute Dermal Toxicity               III

  Acute Inhalation Toxicity           IV

  Primary Eye Irritation              III

  Primary Dermal Irritation           IV

  Dermal Sensitization                not a sensitizer
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

*CAMA*

Table 2 presents the acute toxicity categories as outlined in the
*Methanearsonic Acid and its Sodium and Calcium Salts* - Report of the
Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee (December 13, 2000).
CAMA is classified as category IV for acute oral, acute dermal, acute
inhalation, and primary skin irritation potential. For primary eye
irritation potential, CAMA is classified as Category III. Results were
negative for dermal sensitization.

  ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
  **Table 2. CAMA Acute Toxicity Categories** 

  **Study Type**                              **Toxicity Category**

  Acute Oral, rat                             IV

  Acute Dermal, rat                           IV

  Acute Inhalation, rat                       IV

  Primary Eye Irritation, rabbit              III

  Primary Skin Irritation, rabbit             IV

  Dermal Sensitization, rabbit                none
  ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------

\*Acute oral studies listed in table represent a formulation with 10.3%
a.i.

*MSMA*

Tables 3 presents the acute toxicity categories for MSMA as outlined in
the *MSMA and DSMA* - Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment
Review Committee (HIARC). MSMA is classified as category II for acute
oral, category III for acute dermal, and as category III for inhalation
toxicity. It is classified as category III for eye irritation potential
and for skin irritation potential. Results were negative for dermal
sensitization.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 3. MSMA (37-38% a.i.): Acute  
  Toxicity Categories**                 
  ------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
  Study Type                            Toxicity Category

  Acute Oral Toxicity                   II

  Acute Dermal Toxicity                 III

  Acute Inhalation Toxicity             III

  Primary Eye Irritation                III

  Primary Dermal Irritation             III

  Dermal Sensitization                  not a sensitizer
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

*DSMA*

Tables 4 presents the acute toxicity categories as outlined in the *MSMA
and DSMA* - Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment Review
Committee (HIARC). DSMA is classified as category III for acute oral and
dermal, and as category IV for inhalation toxicity. It is classified as
category III for eye irritation potential and category IV for skin
irritation potential. Results were negative for dermal sensitization.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 4. DSMA (technical 81-83% ai): 
  Acute Toxicity Categories**            
  -------------------------------------- --------------------------------
  Study Type                             Toxicity Category

  Acute Oral Toxicity                    III

  Acute Dermal Toxicity                  III

  Acute Inhalation Toxicity              IV

  Primary Eye Irritation                 III

  Primary Dermal Irritation              IV

  Dermal Sensitization                   not a sensitizer
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

[Non-Cancer Endpoints of Concern]{.underline}

*DMA*

The endpoints, and associated uncertainty factors, used in assessing the
risks for DMA acid are presented in Table 5.

+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| **Table 5.  |             |               |                         |
| DMA:        |             |               |                         |
| Summary of  |             |               |                         |
| To          |             |               |                         |
| xicological |             |               |                         |
| Doses and   |             |               |                         |
| Endpoints   |             |               |                         |
| for Use in  |             |               |                         |
| Human**     |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| **Risk      |             |               |                         |
| As          |             |               |                         |
| sessments** |             |               |                         |
+=============+=============+===============+=========================+
| Exposure    | Dose Used   | Special FQPA  | Study and Toxicological |
|             | in Risk     | SF and Level  | Effects                 |
| Scenario    | Assessment, | of Concern    |                         |
|             | UF          | for Risk      |                         |
|             |             | Assessment    |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Acute       | NOAEL = 12  | Acute RfD =   | Developmental           |
| Dietary     | mg/kg/day   | 0.12          | Toxicity - Rat          |
|             |             | mg/kg/day     | (40625701)              |
| (females    | UF = 100    |               |                         |
| 13-49 and   |             |               | LOAEL = 36 mg/kg/day    |
| general     |             |               | based on decreased      |
| population) |             |               | fetal weights, shorter  |
|             |             |               | crown-rump length, the  |
|             |             |               | suggestion of           |
|             |             |               | diaphragmatic hernia    |
|             |             |               | and delayed/lack of     |
|             |             |               | ossification of         |
|             |             |               | numerous bones.         |
|             |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               | Developmental           |
|             |             |               | Toxicity - Rabbit       |
|             |             |               | (40663301)              |
|             |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               | LOAEL = 48 mg/kg/day    |
|             |             |               | based on mortality,     |
|             |             |               | abortions, body weight  |
|             |             |               | loss and reduced food   |
|             |             |               | consumption.            |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Chronic     | BMDL~10~ =  | Chronic RfD = | BMD~10~ of 0.92         |
| Dietary     | 0.43        | 0.014         | mg/kg/day for BrdU      |
|             | mg/kg/day   | mg/kg/day     | labeling from Arnold et |
| (all        |             |               | al (1999)               |
| p           | UF = 30     |               |                         |
| opulations) |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Incidental  | BMDL~10~ =  | LOC = 30      | BMD~10~ of 0.92         |
| Oral        | 0.43        |               | mg/kg/day for BrdU      |
| Short-Term  | mg/kg/day   |               | labeling from Arnold et |
|             |             |               | al (1999)               |
| (1 - 30     |             |               |                         |
| days)       |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| Interm      |             |               |                         |
| ediate-Term |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (1 - 6      |             |               |                         |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Dermal      | Dermal      | LOC = 100     | 21-Day Dermal - Rabbit  |
|             | NOAEL= 300  |               | (41872801)              |
| Short-Term  | mg/kg/day   |               |                         |
|             |             |               | LOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day  |
| (1 - 30     |             |               | based on decreased body |
| days)       |             |               | weight gain in females, |
|             |             |               | and decreased           |
| Interm      |             |               | testicular weights,     |
| ediate-Term |             |               | hypospermia, and        |
|             |             |               | tubular hypoplasia in   |
| (1 - 6      |             |               | males.                  |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Dermal      | Not         |               |                         |
|             | required    |               |                         |
| Long-Term   |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (\> 6       |             |               |                         |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Inhalation  | Inhalation  | LOC = 100     | 90-Day Inhalation - Rat |
|             | NOAEL= 0.01 |               | (44700301)              |
| Short-Term  | mg/L (4.38  |               |                         |
|             | mg/kg/day,  |               | LOAEL = 0.034 mg/kg/L   |
| (1 - 30     | adjusted)   |               | (14.95 mg/kg/day) based |
| days)       |             |               | on presence of moderate |
|             |             |               | and marked              |
| Interm      |             |               | intracytoplasmic        |
| ediate-Term |             |               | eosinophilic granules   |
|             |             |               | (IEG) in the nasal      |
| (1 - 6      |             |               | turbinate cells of male |
| months)     |             |               | and female rats.        |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Inhalation  | Not         |               |                         |
|             | required    |               |                         |
| Long-Term   |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (\> 6       |             |               |                         |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Cancer      | Clas        |               |                         |
| (oral)      | sification: |               |                         |
|             | not         |               |                         |
|             | c           |               |                         |
|             | arcinogenic |               |                         |
|             | up to doses |               |                         |
|             | resulting   |               |                         |
|             | in          |               |                         |
|             | r           |               |                         |
|             | egenerative |               |                         |
|             | pr          |               |                         |
|             | oliferation |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+

UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = Special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL =
no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect
level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic) RfD =
reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC = level of concern, NA =
not applicable

*CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA*

CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA all breakdown to methanearsonic acid (MMA) when
mixed with water; therefore, the toxicological endpoints for MMA were
used in the risk assessment for assessing handler and postapplication
exposures. The endpoints, and associated uncertainty factors, used in
assessing the risks for CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA are presented in Table 6.

+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| **Table 6.  |             |               |                         |
| MMA         |             |               |                         |
| Endpoints:  |             |               |                         |
| Summary of  |             |               |                         |
| To          |             |               |                         |
| xicological |             |               |                         |
| Doses and   |             |               |                         |
| Endpoints   |             |               |                         |
| for Use in  |             |               |                         |
| Human Risk  |             |               |                         |
| Assessments |             |               |                         |
| for CAMA,   |             |               |                         |
| MSMA, and   |             |               |                         |
| DSMA**      |             |               |                         |
+=============+=============+===============+=========================+
| Exposure    | Dose Used   | Level of      | Study and Toxicological |
|             | in Risk     | Concern for   | Effects                 |
| Scenario    | Assessment, | Risk          |                         |
|             | UF          | Assessment    |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Acute       | NOAEL = 10  | Acute RfD &   | Chronic Toxicity in     |
| Dietary     | mg/kg       | PAD           | Dog, MMA study (MRID    |
|             |             |               | No. 40546101)           |
| (general    | UF = 100    | = 0.1 mg/kg   |                         |
| population) |             |               | LOAEL = 40 mg/kg/day    |
|             |             |               | based on clinical signs |
|             |             |               | of diarrhea and         |
|             |             |               | vomiting observed in    |
|             |             |               | the first of week of    |
|             |             |               | dosing with 2-5 hours   |
|             |             |               | of each days dosing.    |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Chronic     | NOAEL=      | Chronic RfD & | Chronic Toxicity Rat,   |
| Dietary     |             | PAD =         | MMA study (MRID No.     |
|             | 3.2         |               | 41669001)               |
| (all        | mg/kg/day   | 0.03          |                         |
| p           |             | mg/kg/day     | Rat LOAEL = 27.2        |
| opulations) | UF = 100    |               | mg/kg/day for males and |
|             |             |               | 32.9 mg/kg/day for      |
|             |             |               | females based on        |
|             |             |               | decreased body weights, |
|             |             |               | diarrhea, body weight   |
|             |             |               | gains, food             |
|             |             |               | consumption,            |
|             |             |               | histopathology of       |
|             |             |               | gastrointestinal tract  |
|             |             |               | and thyroid.            |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Incidental  | NOAEL=      | LOC = 100     | Rabbit developmental    |
| Oral        |             |               | toxicity study (MRID    |
| Short-Term  | 7 mg/kg/day |               | 15939001)               |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (1 - 30     |             |               | LOAEL = 12 mg/kg/day,   |
| days)       |             |               | based on decreased body |
|             |             |               | weight, food            |
|             |             |               | consumption (during the |
|             |             |               | dosing period), and     |
|             |             |               | abortions.              |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Incidental  | NOAEL=      | LOC = 100     | Chronic Rat study (MRID |
| Oral        |             |               | 41669001)               |
| Interm      | 3.2         |               |                         |
| ediate-Term | mg/kg/day   |               | LOAEL = 27.2 mg/kg/day  |
|             |             |               | for males and 32.9      |
| (1 - 6      |             |               | mg/kg/day for females   |
| months)     |             |               | based on decreased body |
|             |             |               | weights, diarrhea.      |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Dermal      | Dermal      | LOC = 100     | 21-Day Dermal Toxicity  |
|             | NOAEL= 1000 |               | in Rabbit, MMA study    |
| Short-Term  | mg/kg/day   |               | (MRID no. 41872701)     |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (1 - 30     |             |               | LOAEL \> 1000           |
| days)       |             |               | mg/kg/day.              |
| Interm      |             |               |                         |
| ediate-Term |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (1 - 6      |             |               |                         |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Dermal      | Not         |               |                         |
|             | applicable  |               |                         |
| Long-Term   |             |               |                         |
|             |             |               |                         |
| (\> 6       |             |               |                         |
| months)     |             |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Inhalation  | Inhalation  | LOC = 100     | 90-Day Inhalation - Rat |
|             | NOAEL= 0.01 |               | (44700301)              |
| Short-Term  | mg/L        |               |                         |
|             |             |               | LOAEL = 0.034 mg/kg/L   |
| (1 - 30     | (4.38       |               | (14.95 mg/kg/day) based |
| days)       | mg/kg/day,  |               | on presence of moderate |
|             | adjusted)   |               | and marked              |
| Interm      |             |               | intracytoplasmic        |
| ediate-Term |             |               | eosinophilic granules   |
|             |             |               | (IEG) in the nasal      |
| (1 - 6      |             |               | turbinate cells of male |
| months)     |             |               | and female rats.        |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+
| Cancer      | Clas        |               |                         |
|             | sification: |               |                         |
|             | "not likely |               |                         |
|             | human       |               |                         |
|             | carcinogen" |               |                         |
+-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+

UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = Special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL =
no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect
level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic) RfD =
reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC = level of concern, NA =
Not Applicable

[FQPA Safety Factor]{.underline}

*DMA*

Acceptable developmental studies in rats and rabbits along with a
two-generation reproductive toxicity study are available for DMA.
Developmental toxicity was noted only at doses resulting in maternal
toxicity; NOAELs were established for maternal and developmental
toxicity. As such, results of developmental and reproductive toxicities
studies provided no indication of increased susceptibility of rat or
rabbit. Changes in organ weights for reproductive organs (e.g., ovarian
weight changes without pathological changes in the reproductive toxicity
study) and testicular pathology (dermal study only) were noted only at
very high doses and were not replicated in other studies. The toxicology
database is considered complete for the evaluation of sensitivity of the
developing young. As the developing nervous system does not appear to be
a target organ for DMA, a developmental neurotoxicity study is not
required. Regarding potential thyroid toxicity, a comparative thyroid
study in adult and juvenile animals is not expected to provide endpoints
more sensitive than the bladder mode of action studies currently
available. The bladder is a sensitive target organ and special mode of
action studies provide health protective endpoints for DMA toxicity at
low doses. Thus, a comparative thyroid study in juvenile and adult
animals is not required. Based on the overall weight of the evidence, a
special hazard-based FQPA factor is **not** needed for DMA.

*MMA (CAMA, DSMA, MSMA* )

Acceptable developmental studies in rats and rabbits along with a
two-generation reproductive toxicity study are available for MMA.
Results of developmental and reproductive toxicity studies provided no
indication of increased susceptibility of rat or rabbit. The toxicology
database is considered complete for the evaluation of sensitivity of the
developing young. A developmental neurotoxicity study is not required.
As described below, toxicity to gastrointestinal tract and kidney
provide the critical effects for MMA following oral exposures. These
effects are more sensitive than toxicities noted in other studies,
including developmental and reproductive toxicity. Therefore, a special
hazard-based FQPA factor is **not** needed for MMA.

[Dermal Route (non-cancer)]{.underline}

*DMA:* For liquid formulations, the short- and intermediate-term
(non-cancer) dermal risk assessment for DMA is based on a NOAEL of 300
mg/kg/day from a 21-day dermal toxicity study in rabbits. Long-term
exposures to DMA (i.e., greater than 6 months) are not expected for
current registered uses.

*CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA:* The short- and intermediate-term (non-cancer)
dermal risk assessment for CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA is based on endpoints
for MMA since all three chemicals convert to MMA in water. For MMA, the
dermal endpoint is based on a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg/day from a 21-day
dermal toxicity study in rabbits. No systemic toxicity or dermal
irritation were observed at the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg/day. Long-term
exposures to CAMA, DMSA, and MSMA (i.e., greater than 6 months) are not
expected for current registered uses.

[Inhalation Route (non-cancer)]{.underline}

*DMA:* For liquid formulations, the short- and intermediate-term
(non-cancer) inhalation risk assessment for DMA is based on a NOAEL of
0.01 mg/L (4.38 mg/kg/day), which was defined in a 90-day inhalation
study in rats. The NOAEL was based on the presence of moderate and
marked intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules (IEG) in the cells of the
nasal turbinates. Long-term exposures to DMA (i.e., greater than 6
months) are not expected for current registered uses.

*CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA*: The short- and intermediate-term (non-cancer)
inhalation risk assessment for CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA is based on
endpoints for DMA since no inhalation endpoint is available for MMA. For
DMA, the inhalation endpoint is based on a NOAEL of 0.01 mg/L (4.38
mg/kg/day), which was defined in a 90-day inhalation study in rats. The
NOAEL was based on the presence of moderate and marked intracytoplasmic
eosinophilic granules (IEG) in the cells of the nasal turbinates.
Long-term exposures to CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA (i.e., greater than 6
months) are not expected for current registered uses.

[Oral Route (non-cancer)]{.underline}

*DMA*: For liquid formulations, the short- and intermediate-term
(non-cancer) incidental oral risk assessment for DMA is based on a
BMDL~10~ of 0.43 mg/kg/day, which was defined in an open literature
study (Arnold et al, 1999). Long-term exposures to DMA (i.e., greater
than 6 months) are not expected for current registered uses.

*CAMA, DMSA, and MSMA*: The short-term (non-cancer) incidental oral risk
assessment for CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA is based on endpoints for MMA since
all three chemicals convert to MMA in water. For MMA, the incidental
oral endpoint is based on a NOAEL of 7.0 mg/kg/day, which was defined in
a rabbit developmental toxicity study. Long-term exposures to CAMA,
DSMA, and MSMA (i.e., greater than 6 months) are not expected for
current registered uses.

[Non-cancer Level of Concern (LOC)]{.underline}

HED's level of concern (LOC) for DMA, CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA
**occupational and residential dermal and inhalation** exposures is 100
(i.e., a margin of exposure (MOE) less than 100 exceeds HED's level of
concern). The level of concern is based on 10X to account for
interspecies extrapolation to humans from the animal test species and
10X to account for intraspecies sensitivity. For incidental oral
exposures, HED's LOC for MMA is 100, but for DMA is 30, due to the use
of a BMDL~10~.

[Body Weight]{.underline}

Since the adverse effects for the dermal and inhalation endpoints are
based on studies where the effects were observed in both males and
females, the body weight of an average adult male (i.e., 70 kg) was used
to estimate dermal and inhalation exposure.

[Aggregation]{.underline}

The dermal and inhalation margins of exposure were not combined for the
toddler postapplication residential MMA and DMA risk assessments because
the toxicity endpoints for the dermal and inhalation routes of exposure
are based on different toxicological effects. The postapplication
assessments involving incidental oral ingestion by toddlers
(hand-to-mouth, object-to-mouth, and soil ingestion) are aggregated for
MMA and DMA. Dermal postapplication exposure was not aggregated with the
incidental oral scenarios since the endpoints have different
toxicological effects.

[Cancer Determination]{.underline}

*DMA*

As described in the special issue paper for DMA, the mode of action for
the development of bladder tumors in rats has been established and
supports a nonlinear dose-response assessment. This mode of action is
expected to be functional in humans. A key step in this mode of action
is that sufficient DMAIII is available at the target site to cause cell
killing. This cytotoxicity must be sustained to result in regenerative
proliferation. Each of these key steps is necessary for the development
of bladder tumors. As regenerative proliferation is expected to be the
rate-limiting step in the development of the DMA induced bladder tumors,
DMA is considered not carcinogenic up to doses resulting in regenerative
proliferation.

*CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA*

The Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee (HIARC) classified
CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA as "not likely" a human carcinogen.^1^ Although the
parathyroid adenomas described above in rats were outside of the
historical controls (0.1% for both sexes), the tumors are not a concern
because of the following rationale:

1\) Only the benign tumors were increased in incidence.

> 2\) Pair-wise significance was not attained for either sex. A
> significant trend test was observed only for males.

3\) An increase in tumor incidence was not observed in mice.

4\) The acceptable genetic toxicology studies indicate that MMA is not
mutagenic in bacteria (*Salmonella typhimurium* ) or cultured mammalian
cells (Chinese hamster ovary). Similarly, MMA did not induce unscheduled
DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary rat hepatocytes.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307584 .anchor}**1.4 Incident Reports**

OPP draws from 4 different databases to determine what, if any,
poisoning incidents have occurred that can be related to pesticidal use.
A summary of the databases follows.

*1) Office of Pesticide Program's Incident Data System (IDS)* - includes
reports of incidents from various sources, including required Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Section 6 (a) (2)
registrants, other federal and state health and environmental agencies
and individual consumers, submitted to the Agency since 1992. Reports
submitted to the IDS represent anecdotal reports or allegations only,
unless otherwise stated. Typically no conclusions can be drawn
implicating the pesticide as a cause of any of the reported health
effects. Nevertheless, sometimes with enough cases and/or enough
documentation risk mitigation measures may be suggested.

*2) American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)* - as the
result of Data-Call-Ins issued in 1993, the Agency received Poison
Control Center data covering the years 1985 through 1992 for 28
organophosphate and carbamate chemicals. Most of the national Poison
Control Centers (PCCs) participate in a national data collection system,
the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System which obtains data from about 70
centers at hospitals and universities. PCCs provide telephone
consultation for individuals and health care providers on suspected
poisonings involving drugs, household products, pesticides, etc.

*3) California Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program* - California has
collected uniform data on suspected pesticide poisonings since 1982.
Physicians are required, by statute, to report to their local health
officer all occurrences of illness suspected of being related to
exposure to pesticides. The majority of the incidents involve workers.
Information on exposure (worker activity), type of illness (systemic,
eye, skin, eye/skin and respiratory), likelihood of a causal
relationship, and number of days off work and in the hospital is
provided.

*4) National Pesticide Telecommunications Network (NPTN)* - NPTN is a
toll-free information service supported by the Agency's Office of
Pesticide Programs. A ranking of the top 200 active ingredients for
which telephone calls were received during calendar years 1984-1991,
inclusive has been prepared. The total number of calls was tabulated for
the categories; human incidents, animal incidents, calls for
information, and others.

*DMA Incidents*

For the purposes of this assessment the focus was on those human
incidents that are directly, or probably, related to exposures to DMA or
sodium cacodylate *per se.* Drawing from four data sources, there were
reported poisoning incidents involving children \< 6 years of age, but
none were hospitalized, and no specifics were given about the activity
associated with the exposures. Incidents reported for adults involved
both agricultural and non-agricultural uses, and resulted in days off
from work and, in a few cases, hospitalization. The symptoms ranged from
systemic, to skin and eye irritation, to respiratory system effects.
Some cases involved multiple symptoms. The uses included lawn, turf,
ornamentals, weeds, and cotton. For more details see *Allen 2000a*.

*CAMA Incidents*

Number range CHAPTERHED searched the same four databases for evidence of
poisoning incidents connected with the use of CAMA and found none.
Currently, CAMA has no agricultural uses. See *Allen 2001*.

*MSMA and DSMA Incidents*

HEDNumber range CHAPTER searched the four databases discussed above for
reports of incidents occurring resulting from exposures to MSMA or DSMA.
There were incidents reported for both MSMA and DSMA, involving both
adults and children. Most were treated on an outpatient basis but a few
required hospitalization. Some reports described symptoms such as
dizziness, sinusitis, rhinitis, memory loss, numbness, tingling, rash,
and fever, after aerial applications, but many were non-specific about
the source of exposure. Other reports described effects such as systemic
allergic symptoms, nausea, dizziness, and eye irritation for both
agricultural and non-agricultural uses. Specific details may be found in
*Allen 2000b.*

There are only scattered reports for MSMA and DSMA among the four data
systems used by the Agency's epidemiology group to evaluate human
poisoning incidents. The sparsity of data could be due to low usage,
and/or poor reporting to surveillance programs. From the limited
information available, systemic allergic reactions and eye irritation
are possible targets for preventive intervention.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307585 .anchor}**1.5 Summary of Physical and
Chemical Properties of DMA, CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA**

+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| *   |                             |          |        |             |
| *Ta |                             |          |        |             |
| ble |                             |          |        |             |
| 7.  |                             |          |        |             |
| Num |                             |          |        |             |
| ber |                             |          |        |             |
| ra  |                             |          |        |             |
| nge |                             |          |        |             |
| CH  |                             |          |        |             |
| APT |                             |          |        |             |
| ERP |                             |          |        |             |
| rod |                             |          |        |             |
| uct |                             |          |        |             |
| Che |                             |          |        |             |
| mis |                             |          |        |             |
| try |                             |          |        |             |
| D   |                             |          |        |             |
| ata |                             |          |        |             |
| S   |                             |          |        |             |
| umm |                             |          |        |             |
| ary |                             |          |        |             |
| for |                             |          |        |             |
| Cac |                             |          |        |             |
| ody |                             |          |        |             |
| lic |                             |          |        |             |
| Aci |                             |          |        |             |
| d** |                             |          |        |             |
+=====+=============================+==========+========+=============+
| *   | **Data Requirements:**      | **Master | **Are  | **Results** |
| *OP |                             | Record   | Data   |             |
| PTS | **Cacodylic Acid \[TGAI\]** | Identi   | Requir | **or**      |
| Gui |                             | fication | ements |             |
| del | **PC 012501**               | \[MRID\] | Fulfil | **\*Data    |
| ine |                             | or       | led?** | Gap**       |
| Num | **CAS# 75-60-5**            | Ref      |        |             |
| ber |                             | erence** |        |             |
| s** |                             |          |        |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Product Identity and        |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Composition                 |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 550 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Description of Materials    |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Used to Produce the Product |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 600 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Description of Production   |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Process                     |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 620 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Description of Formulation  |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Process                     |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 650 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Discussion of Formation of  |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Impurities                  |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 670 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Preliminary Analysis        | 4        | [Yes]  |             |
| 0.1 |                             | 1608302, | {.smal |             |
| 700 |                             | 42614501 | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Certified Limits            |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 |                             |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 750 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Enforcement Analytical      |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 | Method                      |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 800 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Submittal of Samples        |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.1 |                             |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 900 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Color                       | 4        | [Yes]  | [White]{    |
| 0.6 |                             | 0957813, | {.smal | .smallcaps} |
| 302 |                             | 42473801 | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Physical State              | 4        | [Yes]  | [           |
| 0.6 |                             | 0957813, | {.smal | Crystalline |
| 303 |                             | 42473801 | lcaps} | solid]{     |
|     |                             |          |        | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Odor                        | 4        | [Yes]  | [No         |
| 0.6 |                             | 0957813, | {.smal | odor]{      |
| 304 |                             | 42473801 | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Stability to normal and     |          | [No]   | [\*Data     |
| 0.6 | elevated temperatures,      |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 313 | metals and metal ions       |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | pH                          | 4        | [Yes]  |             |
| 0.7 |                             | 0957813, | {.smal |             |
| 000 |                             | 42473801 | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | UV/VIS absorption           |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.7 |                             |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 050 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Melting Point/Melting Range | 42397101 | [Yes]  | [192 ºC --  |
| 0.7 |                             |          | {.smal | 194         |
| 200 |                             |          | lcaps} | ºC]{        |
|     |                             |          |        | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Boiling Point/Boiling Point |          | [Not   | [See        |
| 0.7 | Range                       |          | Appli  | guideline   |
| 220 |                             |          | cable] | 830.7220]{  |
|     |                             |          | {.smal | .smallcaps} |
|     |                             |          | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Density/Relative            | 4        | [Yes]  | 1.10 g / mL |
| 0.7 | Density/Bulk Density        | 0957813, | {.smal |             |
| 300 |                             | 42473801 | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Dissociation Constant       | 42403501 | [Yes]  | [6.17 at 25 |
| 0.7 |                             |          | {.smal | ºC]{        |
| 370 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Partition coefficient       | 42397101 | [Yes]  | [K o/w = \< |
| 0.7 | (n-octanol /water) shake    |          | {.smal | 0.028 at    |
| 550 | flask method                |          | lcaps} | 25ºC]{      |
|     |                             |          |        | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Partition coefficient       |          | [See   |             |
| 0.7 | (n-octanol /water)          |          | gui    |             |
| 560 | generator column method     |          | deline |             |
|     |                             |          | 830    |             |
|     |                             |          | .7550] |             |
|     |                             |          | {.smal |             |
|     |                             |          | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Partition coefficient       |          | [See   |             |
| 0.7 | (n-octanol /water)          |          | gui    |             |
| 570 | estimation by liquid        |          | deline |             |
|     | chromatography              |          | 830    |             |
|     |                             |          | .7550] |             |
|     |                             |          | {.smal |             |
|     |                             |          | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Water Solubility: Column    | 42397101 | [Yes]  | 102 g /     |
| 0.7 | Elution Method; Shake Flask |          | {.smal | 100mL       |
| 840 | Method                      |          | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Water solubility generator  |          | [See   |             |
| 0.7 | column method               |          | gui    |             |
| 860 |                             |          | deline |             |
|     |                             |          | 830    |             |
|     |                             |          | .7840] |             |
|     |                             |          | {.smal |             |
|     |                             |          | lcaps} |             |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| 83  | Vapor pressure              |          | [No]   | [\* Data    |
| 0.7 |                             |          | {.smal | Gap]{       |
| 950 |                             |          | lcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-----+-----------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+

+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| *   |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| *Ta |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ble |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| 8.  |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| Num |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ber |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ra  |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| nge |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| CH  |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| APT |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ERP |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| rod |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| uct |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| Che |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| mis |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| try |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| D   |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ata |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| S   |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| umm |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ary |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| for |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| Sod |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ium |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| Cac |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| ody |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| lat |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| e** |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
+=====+===+=============================+===+==========+===+======+===+==============+
| *   | * |                             | * |          | * |      | * |              |
| *OP | * |                             | * |          | * |      | * |              |
| PTS | D |                             | M |          | A |      | R |              |
| Gui | a |                             | a |          | r |      | e |              |
| del | t |                             | s |          | e |      | s |              |
| ine | a |                             | t |          | D |      | u |              |
| Num | R |                             | e |          | a |      | l |              |
| ber | e |                             | r |          | t |      | t |              |
| s** | q |                             | R |          | a |      | s |              |
|     | u |                             | e |          | R |      | * |              |
|     | i |                             | c |          | e |      | * |              |
|     | r |                             | o |          | q |      |   |              |
|     | e |                             | r |          | u |      | * |              |
|     | m |                             | d |          | i |      | * |              |
|     | e |                             | I |          | r |      | o |              |
|     | n |                             | d |          | e |      | r |              |
|     | t |                             | e |          | m |      | * |              |
|     | s |                             | n |          | e |      | * |              |
|     | * |                             | t |          | n |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             | i |          | t |      | * |              |
|     |   |                             | f |          | s |      | * |              |
|     | * |                             | i |          | F |      | \ |              |
|     | * |                             | c |          | u |      | * |              |
|     | S |                             | a |          | l |      | D |              |
|     | o |                             | t |          | f |      | a |              |
|     | d |                             | i |          | i |      | t |              |
|     | i |                             | o |          | l |      | a |              |
|     | u |                             | n |          | l |      | G |              |
|     | m |                             | \ |          | e |      | a |              |
|     | C |                             | [ |          | d |      | p |              |
|     | a |                             | M |          | ? |      | * |              |
|     | c |                             | R |          | * |      | * |              |
|     | o |                             | I |          | * |      |   |              |
|     | d |                             | D |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | y |                             | \ |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | l |                             | ] |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | a |                             | o |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | t |                             | r |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | e |                             | R |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | \ |                             | e |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | [ |                             | f |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | T |                             | e |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | G |                             | r |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | A |                             | e |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | I |                             | n |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | \ |                             | c |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | ] |                             | e |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             | * |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             | * |          |   |      |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | P |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | C |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 0 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 1 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 2 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 5 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 0 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 2 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | C |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | A |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | S |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | # |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 1 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 2 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 4 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | - |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 6 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 5 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | - |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | 2 |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     | * |                             |   |          |   |      |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Product Identity and        |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Composition                 |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 550 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Description of Materials    |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Used to Produce the Product |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 600 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Description of Production   |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Process                     |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 620 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Description of Formulation  |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Process                     |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 650 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Discussion of Formation of  |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Impurities                  |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 670 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Preliminary Analysis        |   | 4        |   | [    |   |              |
| 0.1 |   |                             |   | 1608302, |   | Yes] |   |              |
| 700 |   |                             |   | 42614501 |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Certified Limits            |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 750 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Enforcement Analytical      |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   | Method                      |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 800 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Submittal of Samples        |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.1 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 900 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Color                       |   | 4        |   | [    |   | [White]      |
| 0.6 |   |                             |   | 0957813, |   | Yes] |   | {.smallcaps} |
| 302 |   |                             |   | 42473801 |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Physical State              |   | 4        |   | [    |   | [Crystalline |
| 0.6 |   |                             |   | 0957813, |   | Yes] |   | solid]       |
| 303 |   |                             |   | 42473801 |   | {.sm |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Odor                        |   | 4        |   | [    |   | [No          |
| 0.6 |   |                             |   | 0957813, |   | Yes] |   | odor]        |
| 304 |   |                             |   | 42473801 |   | {.sm |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Stability to normal and     |   | 42403501 |   | [    |   | [Stable]     |
| 0.6 |   | elevated temperatures,      |   |          |   | Yes] |   | {.smallcaps} |
| 313 |   | metals and metal ions       |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | pH                          |   | 42473801 |   | [    |   |              |
| 0.7 |   |                             |   |          |   | Yes] |   |              |
| 000 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | UV/VIS absorption           |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.7 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 050 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Melting Point/Melting Range |   | 42403501 |   | [    |   | 77 ^o^C --   |
| 0.7 |   |                             |   |          |   | Yes] |   | 79.5 ^o^C    |
| 200 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Boiling Point/Boiling Point |   |          |   | [Not |   |              |
| 0.7 |   | Range                       |   |          |   | App  |   |              |
| 220 |   |                             |   |          |   | lica |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | ble] |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Density/Relative            |   | 4        |   | [    |   | 1.10 g / mL  |
| 0.7 |   | Density/Bulk Density        |   | 0957813, |   | Yes] |   |              |
| 300 |   |                             |   | 42473801 |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Dissociation Constant       |   | 42403501 |   | [    |   | 6.21 at 25   |
| 0.7 |   |                             |   |          |   | Yes] |   | ^o^C         |
| 370 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Partition coefficient       |   |          |   | [Not |   | CRBS 8865,   |
| 0.7 |   | (n-octanol /water) shake    |   |          |   | App  |   | D170691      |
| 550 |   | flask method                |   |          |   | lica |   | 12/12/1991   |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | ble] |   | A. Perfetti  |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Partition coefficient       |   |          |   | [See |   |              |
| 0.7 |   | (n-octanol /water)          |   |          |   | g    |   |              |
| 560 |   | generator column method     |   |          |   | uide |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | line |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 8    |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 30.7 |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 550] |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Partition coefficient       |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| 0.7 |   | (n-octanol /water)          |   |          |   |      |   |              |
| 570 |   | estimation by liquid        |   |          |   |      |   |              |
|     |   | chromatography              |   |          |   |      |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Water Solubility: Column    |   | 42397101 |   | [    |   | 82 g / 100   |
| 0.7 |   | Elution Method; Shake Flask |   |          |   | Yes] |   | mL           |
| 840 |   | Method                      |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Water solubility generator  |   |          |   | [See |   |              |
| 0.7 |   | column method               |   |          |   | g    |   |              |
| 860 |   |                             |   |          |   | uide |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | line |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 8    |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 30.7 |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | 840] |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   |              |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+
| 83  |   | Vapor pressure              |   |          |   | [No] |   | [\* Data     |
| 0.7 |   |                             |   |          |   | {.sm |   | Gap]         |
| 950 |   |                             |   |          |   | allc |   | {.smallcaps} |
|     |   |                             |   |          |   | aps} |   |              |
+-----+---+-----------------------------+---+----------+---+------+---+--------------+

+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| ####  |                         |          |          |             |
| ## Ta |                         |          |          |             |
| ble 9 |                         |          |          |             |
| . Pro |                         |          |          |             |
| duct  |                         |          |          |             |
| Chemi |                         |          |          |             |
| stry  |                         |          |          |             |
| Data  |                         |          |          |             |
| Summa |                         |          |          |             |
| ry fo |                         |          |          |             |
| r DiS |                         |          |          |             |
| odium |                         |          |          |             |
|  Meth |                         |          |          |             |
| anear |                         |          |          |             |
| sonic |                         |          |          |             |
|  Salt |                         |          |          |             |
| Numbe |                         |          |          |             |
| r ran |                         |          |          |             |
| ge CH |                         |          |          |             |
| APTER |                         |          |          |             |
+=======+=========================+==========+==========+=============+
| **    | **Luxembourg-Pamol,     | **Master | **Are    | **Results   |
| OPPTS | Inc.**                  | Record   | Data     | or          |
| Guid  |                         | Identi   | Requ     | \*D         |
| eline | **Data Requirements:    | fication | irements | eficiency** |
| Numb  | DSMA \[TGAI**\]         | \[       | Fulf     |             |
| ers** |                         | MRID\]** | illed?** |             |
|       | **PC 013802**           |          |          |             |
|       |                         |          |          |             |
|       | **CAS# 144-21-8**       |          |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Product Identity and    |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1550 | Composition             |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          | 4        | [        |             |
| .1600 | Materials Used to       | 2388301, | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       | Produce the Product     |          | allcaps} |             |
|       |                         | 44150401 |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          | 4        | [        |             |
| .1620 | Production Process      | 2388301, | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
|       |                         | 44150401 |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1650 | Formulation Process     |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Discussion of Formation |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1670 | of Impurities           |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Preliminary Analysis    | 4        | [        |             |
| .1700 |                         | 2053701, | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         | 45053702 | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Certified Limits        |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1750 |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Enforcement Analytical  |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1800 | Method                  |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Submittal of Samples    |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .1900 |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Color                   | 42451102 | [        | WHITE       |
| .6302 |                         |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Physical State          | 42451102 | [        | CRYSTALINE  |
| .6303 |                         |          | YES]{.sm | SOLID       |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Odor                    | 42451102 | [        | No Odor     |
| .6304 |                         |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Stability to normal and |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .6313 | elevated temperatures,  |          | allcaps} |             |
|       | metals and metal ions   |          |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | pH                      | 41982002 | [        |             |
| .7000 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | UV/VIS absorption       |          | [No]{.sm | \* Data Gap |
| .7050 |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Melting Point/Melting   | 41982001 | [        | \>300 ºC    |
| .7200 | Range                   |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Boiling Point/Boiling   |          | [Not     |             |
| .7220 | Point Range             |          | Applica  |             |
|       |                         |          | ble]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Density/Relative        | 42451102 | [        |             |
| .7300 | Density/Bulk Density    |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Dissociation Constant   | 41976201 | [        |             |
| .7370 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   | 41976202 | [        | Log P ~O/W~ |
| .7550 | (n-octanol /water)      |          | Yes]{.sm | \<1         |
|       | shake flask method      |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   |          | [See     |             |
| .7560 | (n-octanol /water)      |          | g        |             |
|       | generator column method |          | uideline |             |
|       |                         |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 550]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   |          | [See     |             |
| .7570 | (n-octanol /water)      |          | g        |             |
|       | estimation by liquid    |          | uideline |             |
|       | chromatography          |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 550]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Water Solubility:       | 41602502 | [        |             |
| .7840 | Column Elution Method;  |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       | Shake Flask Method      |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Water solubility,       |          | [See     |             |
| .7860 | generator column method |          | g        |             |
|       |                         |          | uideline |             |
|       |                         |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 840]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Vapor pressure          | 42120701 | [        | 0.0000001   |
| .7950 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm | mm Hg at 25 |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} | °C          |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+

+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| #     |                         |          |          |             |
| ##### |                         |          |          |             |
|  Tabl |                         |          |          |             |
| e 10. |                         |          |          |             |
|  Prod |                         |          |          |             |
| uct C |                         |          |          |             |
| hemis |                         |          |          |             |
| try D |                         |          |          |             |
| ata S |                         |          |          |             |
| ummar |                         |          |          |             |
| y for |                         |          |          |             |
|  DiSo |                         |          |          |             |
| dium  |                         |          |          |             |
| Metha |                         |          |          |             |
| nears |                         |          |          |             |
| onic  |                         |          |          |             |
| Salt  |                         |          |          |             |
| Numbe |                         |          |          |             |
| r ran |                         |          |          |             |
| ge CH |                         |          |          |             |
| APTER |                         |          |          |             |
+=======+=========================+==========+==========+=============+
| **    | **APC Holdings**        | **Master | **Are    | **Results   |
| OPPTS |                         | Record   | Data     | or          |
| Guid  | **Data Requirements:    | Identi   | Requ     | \*D         |
| eline | DSMA \[TGAI**\]         | fication | irements | eficiency** |
| Numb  |                         | \[       | Fulf     |             |
| ers** | **PC 013802**           | MRID\]** | illed?** |             |
|       |                         |          |          |             |
|       | **CAS# 144-21-8**       |          |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Product Identity and    |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .1550 | Composition             |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          | 42361001 | [        |             |
| .1600 | Materials Used to       |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       | Produce the Product     |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          | 42361001 | [        |             |
| .1620 | Production Process      |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Description of          |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .1650 | Formulation Process     |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Discussion of Formation | 42053701 | [        |             |
| .1670 | of Impurities           |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Preliminary Analysis    | 42053702 | [        |             |
| .1700 |                         |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Certified Limits        |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .1750 |                         |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Enforcement Analytical  |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .1800 | Method                  |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Submittal of Samples    |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .1900 |                         |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Color                   | 42451102 | [        |             |
| .6302 |                         |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Physical State          | 42451102 | [        |             |
| .6303 |                         |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Odor                    | 42451102 | [        | [No         |
| .6304 |                         |          | YES]{.sm | Odor]{      |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Stability to normal and |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .6313 | elevated temperatures,  |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       | metals and metal ions   |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | pH                      | 41982002 | [        |             |
| .7000 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | UV/VIS absorption       |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| .7050 |                         |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|       |                         |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Melting Point/Melting   | 41982001 | [        |             |
| .7200 | Range                   |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Boiling Point/Boiling   |          | [See     |             |
| .7220 | Point Range             |          | g        |             |
|       |                         |          | uideline |             |
|       |                         |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 200]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Density/Relative        | 42451102 | [        |             |
| .7300 | Density/Bulk Density    |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Dissociation Constant   | 41976201 | [        |             |
| .7370 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   | 41976202 | [        |             |
| .7550 | (n-octanol /water)      |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       | shake flask method      |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   |          | [See     |             |
| .7560 | (n-octanol /water)      |          | g        |             |
|       | generator column method |          | uideline |             |
|       |                         |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 550]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Partition coefficient   |          |          |             |
| .7570 | (n-octanol /water)      |          |          |             |
|       | estimation by liquid    |          |          |             |
|       | chromatography          |          |          |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Water Solubility:       | 41602502 | [        |             |
| .7840 | Column Elution Method;  |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       | Shake Flask Method      |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Water solubility,       |          | [See     |             |
| .7860 | generator column method |          | g        |             |
|       |                         |          | uideline |             |
|       |                         |          | 830.7    |             |
|       |                         |          | 840]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 830   | Vapor pressure          | 42120701 | [        |             |
| .7950 |                         |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|       |                         |          | allcaps} |             |
+-------+-------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+

+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| #####  |                           |         |          |           |
| # Tabl |                           |         |          |           |
| e 11.  |                           |         |          |           |
| Produc |                           |         |          |           |
| t Chem |                           |         |          |           |
| istry  |                           |         |          |           |
| Data S |                           |         |          |           |
| ummary |                           |         |          |           |
|  for D |                           |         |          |           |
| iSodiu |                           |         |          |           |
| m Meth |                           |         |          |           |
| anears |                           |         |          |           |
| onic S |                           |         |          |           |
| alt Nu |                           |         |          |           |
| mber r |                           |         |          |           |
| ange C |                           |         |          |           |
| HAPTER |                           |         |          |           |
+========+===========================+=========+==========+===========+
| *      | **GB Biosciences          | *       | **Are    | **Results |
| *OPPTS | Corporation**             | *Master | Data     | or        |
| Gui    |                           | Record  | Requ     | \*Def     |
| deline | **Data Requirements: 81%  | Identif | irements | iciency** |
| Num    | DSMA FI \[Technical**\]   | ication | Fulf     |           |
| bers** |                           | \[M     | illed?** |           |
|        | **PC 013802**             | RID\]** |          |           |
|        |                           |         |          |           |
|        | **CAS# 144-21-8**         |         |          |           |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Product Identity and      | 4       | [        | [CSF      |
| 0.1550 | Composition               | 2051902 | Yes]{.sm | 09/23     |
|        |                           |         | allcaps} | /1991]{.s |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Description of Materials  |         | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1600 | Used to Produce the       |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | Product                   |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Description of Production |         | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1620 | Process                   |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Description of            |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1650 | Formulation Process       |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Discussion of Formation   |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1670 | of Impurities             |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Preliminary Analysis      |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1700 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Certified Limits          | 42      | [        |           |
| 0.1750 |                           | 051902, | YES]{.sm |           |
|        |                           | CSF     | allcaps} |           |
|        |                           | 09/     |          |           |
|        |                           | 23/1991 |          |           |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Enforcement Analytical    |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1800 | Method                    |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Submittal of Samples      |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.1900 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Color                     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.6302 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Physical State            |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.6303 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Odor                      |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.6304 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Stability to normal and   |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.6313 | elevated temperatures,    |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | metals and metal ions     |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | pH                        |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7000 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | UV/VIS absorption         |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7050 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Melting Point/Melting     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7200 | Range                     |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Boiling Point/Boiling     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7220 | Point Range               |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Density/Relative          |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7300 | Density/Bulk Density      |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Dissociation Constant     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7370 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7550 | (n-octanol /water) shake  |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | flask method              |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7560 | (n-octanol /water)        |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | generator column method   |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient     |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7570 | (n-octanol /water)        |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | estimation by liquid      |         |          | mallcaps} |
|        | chromatography            |         |          |           |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Water Solubility: Column  |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7840 | Elution Method; Shake     |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        | Flask Method              |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Water solubility,         |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7860 | generator column method   |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+
| 83     | Vapor pressure            |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data  |
| 0.7950 |                           |         | allcaps} | Gap]{.s   |
|        |                           |         |          | mallcaps} |
+--------+---------------------------+---------+----------+-----------+

+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| #      |                        |         |          |              |
| #####  |                        |         |          |              |
| Table  |                        |         |          |              |
| 12. Pr |                        |         |          |              |
| oduct  |                        |         |          |              |
| Chemis |                        |         |          |              |
| try Da |                        |         |          |              |
| ta Sum |                        |         |          |              |
| mary f |                        |         |          |              |
| or Mon |                        |         |          |              |
| oSodiu |                        |         |          |              |
| m Meth |                        |         |          |              |
| anears |                        |         |          |              |
| onic S |                        |         |          |              |
| alt Nu |                        |         |          |              |
| mber r |                        |         |          |              |
| ange C |                        |         |          |              |
| HAPTER |                        |         |          |              |
+========+========================+=========+==========+==============+
| *      | **Luxembourg-Pamol,    | *       | **Are    | **Results or |
| *OPPTS | Inc**                  | *Master | Data     | \*           |
| Gui    |                        | Record  | Requ     | Deficiency** |
| deline | **Data Requirements:   | Identif | irements |              |
| Num    | MSMA \[TGAI**\]        | ication | Fulf     |              |
| bers** |                        | \[M     | illed?** |              |
|        | **PC 013803**          | RID\]** |          |              |
|        |                        |         |          |              |
|        | **CAS# 2163-80-6**     |         |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Product Identity and   |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.1550 | Composition            |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Description of         |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.1600 | Materials Used to      |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        | Produce the Product    |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 41      | [        |              |
| 0.1620 | Production Process     | 602701, | Yes]{.sm |              |
|        |                        | 4       | allcaps} |              |
|        |                        | 2387801 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Description of         |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.1650 | Formulation Process    |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Discussion of          | 41      | [        |              |
| 0.1670 | Formation of           | 602701, | YES]{.sm |              |
|        | Impurities             | 4       | allcaps} |              |
|        |                        | 2387801 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Preliminary Analysis   | 4       | [        |              |
| 0.1700 |                        | 2387802 | YES]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Certified Limits       |         | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.1750 |                        |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Enforcement Analytical |         | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.1800 | Method                 |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Submittal of Samples   |         | [NO]{.sm | [\*DATA      |
| 0.1900 |                        |         | allcaps} | GAP]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Color                  | 41      | [        | [White]      |
| 0.6302 |                        | 610001, | YES]{.sm | {.smallcaps} |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
|        |                        | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 2451101 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Physical State         | 41      | [        | [            |
| 0.6303 |                        | 610001, | YES]{.sm | Crystalline] |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} | {.smallcaps} |
|        |                        | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 2451101 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Odor                   | 41      | [        | [No          |
| 0.6304 |                        | 610001, | YES]{.sm | Odor]        |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} | {.smallcaps} |
|        |                        | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 2451101 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Stability to normal    | 41      | [        |              |
| 0.6313 | and elevated           | 610001, | YES]{.sm |              |
|        | temperatures, metals   |         | allcaps} |              |
|        | and metal ions         | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 2378601 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | pH                     | 41      | [        |              |
| 0.7000 |                        | 610001, | YES]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
|        |                        | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 2378601 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | UV/VIS absorption      |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.7050 |                        |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        |                        |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Melting Point/Melting  | 4       | [        |              |
| 0.7200 | Range                  | 1789501 | YES]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Boiling Point/Boiling  |         | [Not     |              |
| 0.7220 | Point Range            |         | Applica  |              |
|        |                        |         | ble]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Density/Relative       | 4       | [        | 1.65 g/ mL   |
| 0.7300 | Density/Bulk Density   | 2451101 | YES]{.sm | at 25 ºC     |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Dissociation Constant  | 4       | [        |              |
| 0.7370 |                        | 1610001 | Yes]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |         | [No]{.sm | [\* Data     |
| 0.7550 | (n-octanol /water)     |         | allcaps} | Gap]         |
|        | shake flask method     |         |          | {.smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |         |          |              |
| 0.7560 | (n-octanol /water)     |         |          |              |
|        | generator column       |         |          |              |
|        | method                 |         |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |         |          |              |
| 0.7570 | (n-octanol /water)     |         |          |              |
|        | estimation by liquid   |         |          |              |
|        | chromatography         |         |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Water Solubility:      | 4       | [        |              |
| 0.7840 | Column Elution Method; | 1610001 | Yes]{.sm |              |
|        | Shake Flask Method     |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Water solubility,      |         | [See     |              |
| 0.7860 | generator column       |         | g        |              |
|        | method                 |         | uideline |              |
|        |                        |         | 830.7    |              |
|        |                        |         | 840]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+
| 83     | Vapor pressure         | 41      | [        | 0.00001 Pa   |
| 0.7950 |                        | 610001, | YES]{.sm |              |
|        |                        |         | allcaps} |              |
|        |                        | 4       |          |              |
|        |                        | 1651901 |          |              |
+--------+------------------------+---------+----------+--------------+

+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| #      |                        |          |          |             |
| #####  |                        |          |          |             |
| Table  |                        |          |          |             |
| 13. Pr |                        |          |          |             |
| oduct  |                        |          |          |             |
| Chemis |                        |          |          |             |
| try Da |                        |          |          |             |
| ta Sum |                        |          |          |             |
| mary f |                        |          |          |             |
| or Mon |                        |          |          |             |
| oSodiu |                        |          |          |             |
| m Meth |                        |          |          |             |
| anears |                        |          |          |             |
| onic S |                        |          |          |             |
| alt Nu |                        |          |          |             |
| mber r |                        |          |          |             |
| ange C |                        |          |          |             |
| HAPTER |                        |          |          |             |
+========+========================+==========+==========+=============+
| *      | **APC Holdings, Inc.** | **Master | **Are    | **Results   |
| *OPPTS |                        | Record   | Data     | or          |
| Gui    | **Data Requirements:   | Identi   | Requ     | \*D         |
| deline | MSMA \[TGAI**\]        | fication | irements | eficiency** |
| Num    |                        | \[       | Fulf     |             |
| bers** | **PC 013803**          | MRID\]** | illed?** |             |
|        |                        |          |          |             |
|        | **CAS# 2163-80-6**     |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Product Identity and   |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.1550 | Composition            |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 41702001 | [        |             |
| 0.1600 | Materials Used to      |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Produce the Product    |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 41702001 | [        |             |
| 0.1620 | Production Process     |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.1650 | Formulation Process    |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Discussion of          | 42474101 | [        |             |
| 0.1670 | Formation of           |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|        | Impurities             |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Preliminary Analysis   | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.1700 |                        | 1702002, | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        | 42474101 | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Certified Limits       |          | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.1750 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Enforcement Analytical |          | [NO]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.1800 | Method                 |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Submittal of Samples   |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.1900 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Color                  | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.6302 |                        |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Physical State         | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.6303 |                        |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Odor                   | 41610001 | [        | [No         |
| 0.6304 |                        |          | YES]{.sm | Odor]{      |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Stability to normal    | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.6313 | and elevated           | 1610001, | YES]{.sm |             |
|        | temperatures, metals   | 4237801  | allcaps} |             |
|        | and metal ions         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | pH                     | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.7000 |                        | 1610001, | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        | 4237801  | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | UV/VIS absorption      |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.7050 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Melting Point/Melting  | 41789501 | [        |             |
| 0.7200 | Range                  |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Boiling Point/Boiling  |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7220 | Point Range            |          | g        |             |
|        |                        |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 200]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Density/Relative       | 42451101 | [        |             |
| 0.7300 | Density/Bulk Density   |          | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Dissociation Constant  | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.7370 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          | [No]{.sm | [\* Data    |
| 0.7550 | (n-octanol /water)     |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        | shake flask method     |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7560 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | generator column       |          |          |             |
|        | method                 |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7570 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | estimation by liquid   |          |          |             |
|        | chromatography         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water Solubility:      | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.7840 | Column Elution Method; |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Shake Flask Method     |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water solubility,      |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7860 | generator column       |          | g        |             |
|        | method                 |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 840]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Vapor pressure         | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.7950 |                        | 1610001, | YES]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
|        |                        | 41651901 |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+

+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| #      |                        |          |          |             |
| #####  |                        |          |          |             |
| Table  |                        |          |          |             |
| 14. Pr |                        |          |          |             |
| oduct  |                        |          |          |             |
| Chemis |                        |          |          |             |
| try Da |                        |          |          |             |
| ta Sum |                        |          |          |             |
| mary f |                        |          |          |             |
| or Mon |                        |          |          |             |
| oSodiu |                        |          |          |             |
| m Meth |                        |          |          |             |
| anears |                        |          |          |             |
| onic S |                        |          |          |             |
| alt Nu |                        |          |          |             |
| mber r |                        |          |          |             |
| ange C |                        |          |          |             |
| HAPTER |                        |          |          |             |
+========+========================+==========+==========+=============+
| *      | **GB Biosciences       | **Master | **Are    | **Results   |
| *OPPTS | Corporation**          | Record   | Data     | or          |
| Gui    |                        | Identi   | Requ     | \*D         |
| deline | **Data Requirements:   | fication | irements | eficiency** |
| Num    | MSMA 59%**             | \[       | Fulf     |             |
| bers** |                        | MRID\]** | illed?** |             |
|        | **\[Technical**\]      |          |          |             |
|        |                        |          |          |             |
|        | **PC 013803**          |          |          |             |
|        |                        |          |          |             |
|        | **CAS# 2163-80-6**     |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Product Identity and   | 42153501 | [        |             |
| 0.1550 | Composition            |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 42081201 | [        |             |
| 0.1600 | Materials Used to      |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Produce the Product    |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 42081201 | [        |             |
| 0.1620 | Production Process     |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1650 | Formulation Process    |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Discussion of          | 41608101 | [        |             |
| 0.1670 | Formation of           |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Impurities             |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Preliminary Analysis   | 41608101 | [        |             |
| 0.1700 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Certified Limits       |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1750 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Enforcement Analytical |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1800 | Method                 |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Submittal of Samples   |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1900 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Color                  |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.6302 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Physical State         |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.6303 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Odor                   |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.6304 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Stability to normal    | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.6313 | and elevated           | 1610001, | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | temperatures, metals   | 42378601 | allcaps} |             |
|        | and metal ions         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | pH                     |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7000 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | UV/VIS absorption      |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7050 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Melting Point/Melting  | 41789501 | [        |             |
| 0.7200 | Range                  |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Boiling Point/Boiling  |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7220 | Point Range            |          | g        |             |
|        |                        |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 200]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Density/Relative       |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7300 | Density/Bulk Density   |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Dissociation Constant  | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.7370 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7550 | (n-octanol /water)     |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        | shake flask method     |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7560 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | generator column       |          |          |             |
|        | method                 |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7570 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | estimation by liquid   |          |          |             |
|        | chromatography         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water Solubility:      | 41610001 | [        |             |
| 0.7840 | Column Elution Method; |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Shake Flask Method     |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water solubility,      |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7860 | generator column       |          | g        |             |
|        | method                 |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 840]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Vapor pressure         | 4        | [        |             |
| 0.7950 |                        | 1610001, | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        | 41651901 | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+

+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| #####  |                        |          |          |             |
| # Tabl |                        |          |          |             |
| e 15.  |                        |          |          |             |
| Produc |                        |          |          |             |
| t Chem |                        |          |          |             |
| istry  |                        |          |          |             |
| Data S |                        |          |          |             |
| ummary |                        |          |          |             |
|  for C |                        |          |          |             |
| alcium |                        |          |          |             |
|  Metha |                        |          |          |             |
| nearso |                        |          |          |             |
| nateNu |                        |          |          |             |
| mber r |                        |          |          |             |
| ange C |                        |          |          |             |
| HAPTER |                        |          |          |             |
+========+========================+==========+==========+=============+
| *      | **APC Holding          | **Master | **Are    | **Results   |
| *OPPTS | Company**              | Record   | Data     | or          |
| Gui    |                        | Identi   | Requ     | \*D         |
| deline | **Data Requirements:   | fication | irements | eficiency** |
| Num    | CAMA**                 | \[       | Fulf     |             |
| bers** |                        | MRID\]** | illed?** |             |
|        | **\[TGAI**\]           |          |          |             |
|        |                        |          |          |             |
|        | **PC 013806**          |          |          |             |
|        |                        |          |          |             |
|        | **CAS# 5902-95-4**     |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Product Identity and   |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1550 | Composition            |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 42913801 | [        |             |
| 0.1600 | Materials Used to      |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Produce the Product    |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         | 42913801 | [        |             |
| 0.1620 | Production Process     |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Description of         |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1650 | Formulation Process    |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Discussion of          | 42913801 | [        |             |
| 0.1670 | Formation of           |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Impurities             |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Preliminary Analysis   | 42825901 | [        |             |
| 0.1700 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Certified Limits       |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1750 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Enforcement Analytical |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1800 | Method                 |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Submittal of Samples   |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.1900 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Color                  | 42807602 | [        |             |
| 0.6302 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Physical State         | 42807603 | [        |             |
| 0.6303 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Odor                   | 42807604 | [        |             |
| 0.6304 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Stability to normal    | 42807609 | [        |             |
| 0.6313 | and elevated           |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | temperatures, metals   |          | allcaps} |             |
|        | and metal ions         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | pH                     | 42807608 | [        |             |
| 0.7000 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | UV/VIS absorption      |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7050 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Melting Point/Melting  | 42807605 | [        |             |
| 0.7200 | Range                  |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Boiling Point/Boiling  |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7220 | Point Range            |          | g        |             |
|        |                        |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 200]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Density/Relative       | 42807606 | [        |             |
| 0.7300 | Density/Bulk Density   |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Dissociation Constant  | Memo     | [        | [Memo       |
| 0.7370 |                        |          | Yes]{.sm | 09/29/1995, |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} | 07/29/1993, |
|        |                        |          |          | A.          |
|        |                        |          |          | Smith]{     |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7550 | (n-octanol /water)     |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        | shake flask method     |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7560 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | generator column       |          |          |             |
|        | method                 |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Partition coefficient  |          |          |             |
| 0.7570 | (n-octanol /water)     |          |          |             |
|        | estimation by liquid   |          |          |             |
|        | chromatography         |          |          |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water Solubility:      | 42807607 | [        |             |
| 0.7840 | Column Elution Method; |          | Yes]{.sm |             |
|        | Shake Flask Method     |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Water solubility,      |          | [See     |             |
| 0.7860 | generator column       |          | g        |             |
|        | method                 |          | uideline |             |
|        |                        |          | 830.7    |             |
|        |                        |          | 840]{.sm |             |
|        |                        |          | allcaps} |             |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 83     | Vapor pressure         |          | [No]{.sm | [\*Data     |
| 0.7950 |                        |          | allcaps} | Gap]{       |
|        |                        |          |          | .smallcaps} |
+--------+------------------------+----------+----------+-------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307586 .anchor}**1.6 Summary of Use Pattern and
Formulations**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307587 .anchor}**1.6.1 Occupational-Use and
Homeowner-Use Products**

At this time, products containing DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA are intended
for both occupational and homeowner uses. DMA is an organic arsenical
cotton defoliant and herbicide registered for weed control under
non-bearing citrus trees, around buildings, and sidewalks and for lawn
renovation. CAMA is an organic arsenical herbicide registered for
postemergent weed control on lawns. Both MSMA and DSMA are organic
arsenical herbicides registered for weed control on cotton, for
turfgrass and lawns, and under trees, vines, and shrubs.

The MAA (Methanearsonic Acid) Research Task Force consists of the
primary registrants for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, which are
Luxembourg-Pamol, Inc., Zeneca Agricultural Products/GP Biosciences,
Drexel/APC Holdings, and Albaugh Inc. This Task Force provided a Master
Label review that contains maximum application rates and use parameters
for each active ingredient. This assessment examines exposures using the
maximum application rates obtained from the Master Label (ML).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307588 .anchor}**1.6.2 Type of
Pesticide/Targeted Pest**

*DMA*

DMA (cacodylic acid, dimethylarsenic acid) is used as a cotton
defoliant. It also is an herbicide used in agricultural, commercial and
residential settings for the postemergent control of annual grasses and
broadleaf weeds, which include (but, are not limited to) the following:

-   [Annual Grass:]{.underline} Annual Bluegrass, Annual Bromegrass,
    Annual Ryegrass, Bahiagrass, Barnyard grass, Bentgrass, Bermuda
    grass, Carpet grass, Crabgrass, Giant Foxtail, Goosegrass, Green
    Foxtail, Kentucky Bluegrass, Kikuyugrass, Lovegrass, Madien Cane,
    Napiergrass, Nimblewill, Nutgrass, Panicum, Pepeergrasss, Poa Annua,
    Sandbur, Saint Augustinegrass, Timothy, Velvetgrass, Watergrass,
    Wild Barley, Wild Oats, Witchgrass, Yellow Foxtail;

-   [Annual Broadleaf Weeds:]{.underline} Bendweed, Brassbuttons,
    Buckhorn, Burr Clover, Butter Cup, Cat Tails, Cats-ear, Chickweed,
    Chicory, Cocklebur, Common Plantain, Common Ragweed, Course Fescues,
    Creeping Beagarweed, Dandeloins, Dichondria, Docks, Dogbane, Dog
    Fennel, Dollarweed, English Daisy, Fine Fescues, Fleabane, Florida
    Pusley, Frenchweed, Galingsoga, Hawkweed, Healall, Henbit, Knotweed,
    Kochia, Lambsquarters, Mallow, Milkweed, Moneywort, Morning Glory,
    Mullein, Nightshade, Oxalis, Pegweed, Pigweed, Posion Ivy, Posion
    Oak, Prostrate Spruge, Puncture Vine, Purslane, Shattercane, Sheep
    Sorrel, Shepard's Purse, Smart Weed, Spanish Needles, Speedwell,
    Spotted Spruge, Stich Wart, Stinging Nettle, Thistle, Wild Aster,
    Wild Carrot, Wild Mustard, Wild Onion, Wild Radish, Wintercress,
    Witchweed, Velvetleaf, Vervains, Yarrow, Yellow Wood Sorrel; and

-   [Perennial Weeds:]{.underline} Bermuda grass, Dallis Grass,
    Johnsongrass, Nutsedge, Quackgrass, Yellow Nutsedge.

*CAMA*

CAMA is a selective herbicide used in commercial and residential
settings for postemergent weed control of annual grasses and broadleaf
weeds, which include (but, are not limited to) the following:

-   [Grasses:]{.underline} Bahiagrass, Barnyard grass, Carpetgrass,
    Centipedegrass , Crabgrass, Crowfootgrass, Dallisgrass, Foxtail,
    Goosegrass, Johnsongrass, Lovegrass, Nutgrass, Nutsedge, Paspalum,
    Saint Augustine Grass, Sandbur, Sedge, Vaseygrass and Witchgrass.

```{=html}
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```
-   [Weeds:]{.underline} Chickweed, Dandelions, Knotweed, and Puncture
    Vine.

*DSMA*

DSMA is a selective herbicide used in agricultural, commercial, and
residential settings for post-emergent weed control of annual grasses
and broadleaf weeds, which include (but, are not limited to) the
following:

-   [Grasses:]{.underline} Bahiagrass, Barnyard grass, Brachiaria,
    Carpetgrass, Centipedegrass , Crabgrass, Crowfootgrass, Dallisgrass,
    Foxtail, Goosegrass, Guineagrass, Johnsongrass, Lemongrass,
    Lovegrass, Nutgrass, Nutsedge, Panicum, Paspalum, Peppergrass,
    Ryegrass, Saint Augustine grass, Sandbur, Sedge, Signalgrass,
    Watergrass, Wild Oats, and Witchgrass.

-   [Weeds:]{.underline} Aster, Bedstraw, Beggarweed, Bindweed,
    Blackgum, Black Medic, Bullnettle, Burclover, Burdock, Buttonweed,
    Carpetweed, Carelessweed, Chickweed, Chicory, Clover, Cocklebur,
    Coffeeweed, Dandeloins, Dayflower, Dock, Fiddleneck, Goathead,
    Gooseberry, Groundcherry, Hairy Beggarticks, Healall, Henbit,
    Ironweed, Ivy, Jimsonweed, Knotweed, Lambsquarters, Lespedeza,
    Mallow, Malva, Morning Glory, Mustard, Pigweed, Plantain, Posion
    Ivy, Posion Oak, Puncture Vine, Oxalis, Punturevine, Purslane,
    Pusley, Ragweed, Sesbania, Shepherdspurse, Sicklepod, Sida,
    Smartweed, Sourwood, Speedwell, Spurge, Teaweed, Tules, Tumbleweed,
    Velvetleaf, Wild Carrot, Wild Garlic, Wild Lettuce, Wild Onion, Wood
    Sorrel, Yarrow.

*MSMA*

MSMA is a selective herbicide used in agricultural, commercial, and
residential settings for post-emergent weed control of annual grasses
and broadleaf weeds, which include (but, are not limited to) the
following:

-   [Grasses:]{.underline} Bahiagrass, Barnyard grass, Brachiaria,
    Carpetgrass, Centipedegrass , Crabgrass, Crowfootgrass, Dallisgrass,
    Foxtail, Goosegrass, Guineagrass, Johnsongrass, Lemongrass,
    Lovegrass, Nutgrass, Nutsedge, Panicum, Paspalum, Peppergrass,
    Ryegrass, Saint Augustine grass, Sandbur, Sedge, Signalgrass,
    Watergrass, Wild Oats, and Witchgrass.

-   [Weeds:]{.underline} Aster, Bedstraw, Beggarweed, Bindweed,
    Blackgum, Black Medic, Bullnettle, Burclover, Burdock, Buttonweed,
    Carpetweed, Carelessweed, Chickweed, Chicory, Clover, Cocklebur,
    Coffeeweed, Dandeloins, Dayflower, Dock, Fiddleneck, Goathead,
    Gooseberry, Groundcherry, Hairy Beggarticks, Healall, Henbit,
    Ironweed, Ivy, Jimsonweed, Knotweed, Lambsquarters, Lespedeza,
    Mallow, Malva, Morning Glory, Mustard, Pigweed, Plantain, Posion
    Ivy, Posion Oak, Puncture Vine, Oxalis, Punturevine, Purslane,
    Pusley, Ragweed, Sesbania, Shepherdspurse, Sicklepod, Sida,
    Smartweed, Sourwood, Speedwell, Spurge, Teaweed, Tules, Tumbleweed,
    Velvetleaf, Wild Carrot, Wild Garlic, Wild Lettuce, Wild Onion, Wood
    Sorrel, Yarrow.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307589 .anchor}**1.6.3 Formulation Types
    and Percent Active Ingredient**

*DMA*

DMA is formulated as a liquid concentrate (0.6 to 4.9 percent active
ingredient), a pressurized liquid (0.21 percent active ingredient), and
a ready-to-use solution (0.09 to 0.39 percent active ingredient).

*CAMA*

CAMA is formulated as a liquid concentrate (8.4-10.3% active ingredient)
and a ready-to-use solution (0.5 percent active ingredient).

*DSMA*

DSMA is formulated as a liquid concentrate (12.5-36.9%) and a wettable
powder (63-81%)

*MSMA*

MSMA technical is formulated as a liquid concentrate (7.2-58.2%) and a
ready-to-use liquid (0.4-2.5%).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307590 .anchor}**1.6.4 Registered Use Sites**

[Occupational-Use Sites]{.underline}

*DMA*

-   Agricultural Crops: cotton and non-bearing citrus trees (grapefruit,
    lemons, limes, oranges, and tangerines).

-   Ornamentals: evergreen, shrubs, and deciduous ornamentals.

-   Lawn Renovation.

-   Non-Crop Areas: drainage systems, vacant lots, storage areas,
    recreational areas, around buildings, fences, walls, flower beds,
    and gardens, railroad, highway and utility rights-of-way, pre-paving
    areas, parking lots, brick and gravel walks, patios, curbs, gutters,
    industrial sites, sidewalks, and driveways.

*CAMA*

-   Turf (including residential lawns, parks, athletic fields and golf
    courses)

*DSMA*

-   Agricultural Crops: cotton, non-bearing vineyards and orchards,
    grass grown for seed.

-   Turfgrass: lawns and ornamental turf and turf grown for sod.

-   Non-crop areas: drainage systems, vacant lots, storage areas,
    recreational areas, around buildings, fences, walls, flower beds,
    and gardens, railroad, highway and utility rights-of-way, pre-paving
    areas, parking lots, brick and gravel walks, patios, curbs, gutters,
    industrial sites, sidewalks, and driveways.

*MSMA*

-   Agricultural Crops: cotton, non-bearing vineyards and orchards,
    grass grown for seed.

-   Turfgrass: lawns and ornamental turf and turf grown for sod.

-   Non-crop areas: drainage systems, vacant lots, storage areas,
    recreational areas, around buildings, fences, walls, flower beds,
    and gardens, railroad, highway and utility rights-of-way, pre-paving
    areas, parking lots, brick and gravel walks, patios, curbs, gutters,
    industrial sites, sidewalks, and driveways.

[Residential/Non-occupational Use Sites:]{.underline}

*DMA*

-   Ornamentals: evergreen, shrubs, and deciduous ornamentals.

-   Lawn Renovation.

-   Non-Crop Areas: around buildings, fences, walls, flower beds, and
    gardens, brick and gravel walks, patios, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
    and driveways.

*CAMA*

-   Turfgrass: Lawns and ornamental turf.

*DSMA*

-   Turfgrass: Lawns and ornamental turf.

*MSMA*

-   Turfgrass: Lawns and ornamental turf.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307591 .anchor}**1.6.5 Application Rates**

The crop groupings with their corresponding range of application rates
are summarized in Table 16 for DMA, Table 17 for CAMA, Table 18 for
DSMA, and Table 19 for MSMA. In a memo dated December 9, 2005, master
labels were provided for all of the organic arsenic chemicals by the MAA
Research Task Force and the rates from these master labels were used in
the assessment. Note that much higher rates are found on some current
end-use product labels and these higher rates will need to be reduced to
the levels on the MAA Research Task Force master labels.

+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| **Table 16. DMA:        |                       |                    |
| Maximum Application     |                       |                    |
| Rates obtained from the |                       |                    |
| Master Label**          |                       |                    |
+=========================+=======================+====================+
| Application             | Master Label Maximum  | Applications Per   |
|                         | Application Rate      | Year               |
|                         |                       |                    |
|                         | (lb ai/A)             |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| *Cotton*                |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Preconditioning for     | 0.3                   | 1                  |
| defoliation             |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Cotton defoliation      | 0.8                   | 1                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Cotton defoliation      | 0.6                   | 2                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| *Lawns and Ornamental   |                       |                    |
| Turf*                   |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Lawn renovation         | 7.3                   | 2                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Lawn edging             | 7.72                  | 4                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| *Ornamentals*           |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Ornamentals             | 7.3                   | 6                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| *Non-Crop Areas*        |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Non-crop                | 7.3                   | 6                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| *Nonbearing Citrus*     |                       |                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Ground directed         | 4.96                  | 3                  |
+-------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+

+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Table 17.     |                       |              |           |
| CAMA: Maximum   |                       |              |           |
| Application     |                       |              |           |
| Rates obtained  |                       |              |           |
| from the Master |                       |              |           |
| Label**         |                       |              |           |
+=================+=======================+==============+===========+
| Timing of       | Master Label Maximum  | MMA          | App       |
| Application/Use | Application Rate      | equivalent   | lications |
| Site            |                       | (lb ai/A)    | Per Year  |
|                 | (lb ai/A)             |              |           |
+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+
| *Turfgrass B    |                       |              |           |
| Lawns and       |                       |              |           |
| Ornamental Turf |                       |              |           |
| & Turf Grown    |                       |              |           |
| for Sod*        |                       |              |           |
+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+
| By ground only  | 2.5                   | 2.2          | 2         |
| on athletic     |                       |              |           |
| fields, golf    |                       |              |           |
| courses (no     |                       |              |           |
| greens), parks  |                       |              |           |
| (Bentgrass)     |                       |              |           |
+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+
| By ground on    | 5                     | 4.4          | 2         |
| well            |                       |              |           |
| established     |                       |              |           |
| actively        |                       |              |           |
| growing turf    |                       |              |           |
| (Grasses other  |                       |              |           |
| than Bent)      |                       |              |           |
+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+
| By ground on    | 4.182                 | 3.6          | 4         |
| established     |                       |              |           |
| Bermudagrass &  |                       |              |           |
| zoysiagrass     |                       |              |           |
+-----------------+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+

Note: One broadcast application per year. All additional applications
are to be spot treatment only. In Florida all applications -- spot
treatment only.

+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| **Table 18. DSMA: Maximum  |                 |   |        |            |
| Application Rates obtained |                 |   |        |            |
| from the Master Label**    |                 |   |        |            |
+============================+=================+===+========+============+
| Timing of Application      | Master Label    |   | MMA    | Maximum    |
|                            | Maximum         |   | equi   | Number of  |
|                            | Application     |   | valent | Ap         |
|                            | Rate            |   | (lb    | plications |
|                            |                 |   | ai/A)  | Per Crop   |
|                            | (lb ai/A)       |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| *Cotton*                   |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| By ground or air:          | 2.268           | 1 |        | 1          |
| pre-plant or post-plant    |                 | . |        |            |
| (up to cracking)           |                 | 7 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| By ground or air:          | 2.268           | 1 |        | 1          |
| post-emergent (as over the |                 | . |        |            |
| top broadcast spray)       |                 | 7 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| By ground: post-emergent   | 2.268           | 1 |        | 2          |
| (directed spray            |                 | . |        |            |
| application)               |                 | 7 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| By ground: post-emergent   | 2.268           | 1 |        | 2          |
| (directed band             |                 | . |        |            |
| application)- based on 40  |                 | 7 |        |            |
| inch row spacing)          |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| *Grasses Grown for Seed in |                 |   |        |            |
| Pacific Northwest only     |                 |   |        |            |
| (Ryegrass, Fescue, and     |                 |   |        |            |
| Bluegrass)*                |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| Pacific Northwest          | 4.4             | 3 |        | 1          |
|                            |                 | . |        |            |
| apply before boot stage    |                 | 3 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| *Lawns, Ornamental Turf,   |                 |   |        |            |
| and Sod Farms*             |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| By ground on well          | 3.293           | 2 |        | 4          |
| established actively       |                 | . |        |            |
| growing turf               |                 | 5 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| Sod Farms                  | 3.293           | 2 |        | 4          |
|                            |                 | . |        |            |
|                            |                 | 5 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| *Nonbearing Orchards and   |                 |   |        |            |
| Vineyards*                 |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| Ground directed            | 4.85            | 3 |        | 3          |
|                            |                 | . |        |            |
|                            |                 | 7 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| *Noncrop Areas*            |                 |   |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+
| Ground application         | 5.1             | 3 |        | 4          |
|                            |                 | . |        |            |
|                            |                 | 9 |        |            |
+----------------------------+-----------------+---+--------+------------+

+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| **Table 19. MSMA: Maximum  |                |         |   |            |
| Application Rates obtained |                |         |   |            |
| from the Master Label**    |                |         |   |            |
+============================+================+=========+===+============+
| Timing of Application      | Master Label   | MMA     | M |            |
|                            | Maximum        | equ     | a |            |
|                            | Application    | ivalent | x |            |
|                            | Rate           | (lb     | i |            |
|                            |                | ai/A)   | m |            |
|                            | (lb ai/A)      |         | u |            |
|                            |                |         | m |            |
|                            |                |         | N |            |
|                            |                |         | u |            |
|                            |                |         | m |            |
|                            |                |         | b |            |
|                            |                |         | e |            |
|                            |                |         | r |            |
|                            |                |         | o |            |
|                            |                |         | f |            |
|                            |                |         | A |            |
|                            |                |         | p |            |
|                            |                |         | p |            |
|                            |                |         | l |            |
|                            |                |         | i |            |
|                            |                |         | c |            |
|                            |                |         | a |            |
|                            |                |         | t |            |
|                            |                |         | i |            |
|                            |                |         | o |            |
|                            |                |         | n |            |
|                            |                |         | s |            |
|                            |                |         | P |            |
|                            |                |         | e |            |
|                            |                |         | r |            |
|                            |                |         | C |            |
|                            |                |         | r |            |
|                            |                |         | o |            |
|                            |                |         | p |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| *Cotton*                   |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground or air:          | 2.0            | 1.7     | 1 |            |
| pre-plant or post-plant    |                |         |   |            |
| (up to cracking)           |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground or air:          | 1.875          | 1.6     | 1 |            |
| post-emergent (as over the |                |         |   |            |
| top broadcast spray)       |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
|                            | 0.9375         | 0.8     | 2 |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground: post-emergent   | 2.0            | 1.7     | 2 |            |
| (directed spray            |                |         |   |            |
| application)               |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| *Grasses Grown for Seed in |                |         |   |            |
| Pacific Northwest only*    |                |         |   |            |
|                            |                |         |   |            |
| *(Ryegrass, Fescue, and    |                |         |   |            |
| Bluegrass)*                |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| Pacific Northwest          | 6.16           | 5.3     |   | 1          |
|                            |                |         |   |            |
| apply before boot stage    |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| *Lawns, Ornamental Turf,   |                |         |   |            |
| and Sod Farms*             |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground only on athletic | 2.6136         | 2.3     |   | 4          |
| fields, golf courses (no   |                |         |   |            |
| greens), parks             |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground on well          | 2.178          | 1.9     |   | 4          |
| established actively       |                |         |   |            |
| growing turf               |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| By ground on established   | 3.9204         | 3.4     |   | 4          |
| Bermudagrass & zoysiagrass |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| Sod Farms                  | 3.9204         | 3.4     |   | 4          |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| *Nonbearing Orchards and   |                |         |   |            |
| Vineyards*                 |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| Ground directed            | 4              | 3.5     |   | 3          |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| *Noncrop Areas*            |                |         |   |            |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+
| Ground application         | 4.5            | 3.9     |   | 4          |
+----------------------------+----------------+---------+---+------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307592 .anchor}**1.6.6 Method and Types of
Equipment Used for Mixing, Loading and Application**

*DMA*

-   Agricultural Crops: equipment includes aircraft, groundboom sprayer,
    low pressure handwand sprayer, and handgun sprayer.

-   General Weeds or Undesirable Grasses: Equipment for commercial use
    includes: handgun sprayer, low pressure handwand sprayer, and
    rights-of-way sprayer. Equipment for residential use includes: low
    pressure handwand sprayer, hose-end sprayer, trigger pump sprayer,
    and sprinkler can.

-   Lawn and Turf Renovation: Equipment for commercial use includes:
    handgun sprayer and low pressure handwand sprayer. Equipment for
    residential use includes: low pressure handwand sprayer and hose-end
    sprayer.

-   Non-bearing Citrus Trees: Equipment for commercial use includes:
    groundboom sprayer, handgun sprayer, low pressure handwand.

*CAMA*

According to the occupational use label, the product is applied using a
fixed boom sprayer (i.e. groundboom); however, HED has also assessed
occupational exposures for handgun applications, because handguns are a
typical application method for applications to turfgrass by
occupational/commercial applicators. The application equipment for
homeowner liquid concentrate formulations are: hose-end sprayer and low
pressure handwand sprayers. Homeowner ready-to-use formulations are
applied with trigger pump sprayers.

*DSMA []{.mark}*

-   Cotton \-- Equipment for commercial use includes: groundboom sprayer
    and aerial application.

-   General Weeds or Undesirable Grasses \-- Equipment for commercial
    use includes: turf handgun sprayer, low pressure hand wand,
    groundboom sprayer application, and rights-of-way sprayer. Equipment
    for residential use includes: low pressure hand wand, hose end
    sprayer and ready-to-use hose end sprayer.

-   Non-bearing Vineyards and Orchards \-- Equipment for commercial use
    includes: turf handgun sprayer, and low pressure handwand.

*MSMA*

-   Cotton \-- Equipment for commercial use includes: groundboom sprayer
    and aerial application.

-   General Weeds or Undesirable Grasses \-- Equipment for commercial
    use includes: turf handgun sprayer, low pressure hand wand,
    groundboom sprayer application, and rights-of-way sprayer. Equipment
    for residential use includes: low pressure hand wand, hose end
    sprayer and ready-to-use hose end sprayer.

-   Non-bearing Vineyards and Orchards \-- Equipment for commercial use
    includes: turf handgun sprayer, and low pressure handwand.

-   Forestry \-- Equipment for commercial use includes: Hypo-Hatchet
    Injector

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307593 .anchor}**1.6.7 Timing and Frequency
    of Application**

DMA is typically applied postemergent at any time of the year, but for
best results it should be applied during warm, sunny weather. Depending
on the use-pattern, DMA can be applied up to four times per year.

CAMA is most effective when applied to weeds during hot summer weather,
but has worked effectively at temperatures as low as 70^o^F on day with
high humidity. Apply to weeds when actively growing. Two applications, 5
to 7 days apart, are usually required for the complete killing of weeds.

MSMA and DSMA are typically applied post-emergent at any time of the
year, but for best results it should be applied during warm, sunny
weather. For weed control on cotton, they are usually applied twice a
year and for weed control on non-bearing vineyards and orchards, they
are usually applied three times a year. For weed control on turfgrass,
they are usually applied four times a year.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307594 .anchor}**2.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AND
RISKS**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307595 .anchor}**2.1 Occupational Handler
Exposures and Risk Estimates**

HED uses the term "handlers" to describe those individuals who are
involved in the pesticide application process. HED believes that there
are distinct job functions or tasks related to applications and that
exposures can vary depending on the specifics of each task. Job
requirements (e.g., amount of chemical to be used in an application),
the kinds of equipment used, the target being treated, and the level of
protection used by a handler can cause exposure levels to differ in a
manner specific to each application event.

HED uses exposure scenarios to describe the various types of handler
exposures that may occur for a specific active ingredient. The use of
scenarios as a basis for exposure assessment is very common as described
in the *U.S. EPA Guidelines for Exposure Assessment* (U.S. EPA; Federal
Register Volume 57, Number 104; May 29, 1992). Information from the
current labels, use and usage information, toxicology data, and exposure
data were all key components in the development of the exposure
scenarios. HED has developed a series of general descriptions for tasks
that are associated with pesticide applications. Tasks associated with
occupational pesticide handlers are categorized using one of the
following terms:

-   **Mixers and/or Loaders:** these individuals perform tasks in
    preparation for an application. For example, prior to application,
    mixer/loaders would mix the chemical and load it into the holding
    tank of the airplane or groundboom..

-   **Applicators:** these individuals operate application equipment
    during the release of a pesticide product into the environment.
    These individuals can make applications using equipment such as
    airplanes or groundboom.

-   **Mixer/Loader/Applicators and or Loader/Applicators:** these
    individuals are involved in the entire pesticide application process
    (i.e., they do all job functions related to a pesticide application
    event). These individuals would transfer the chemical into the
    application equipment and then also apply it.

-   **Flaggers:** these individuals provide ground support to aerial
    applicators by indicating where the swath ends and the next one
    should begin.

A chemical can produce different effects based on how long a person is
exposed, how frequently exposures occur, and the level of exposure. HED
classifies exposures up to 30 days as short-term and exposures greater
than 30 days up to several months as intermediate-term. HED completes
both short- and intermediate-term assessments for occupational scenarios
in essentially all cases, because these kinds of exposures are likely
and acceptable use/usage data are not available to justify deleting
intermediate-term scenarios. Based on use data and label instructions,
HED believes that occupational MMA and DMA exposures may occur over a
single day or up to weeks at a time for many use-patterns and that
intermittent exposures over several weeks also may occur. Some
applicators may apply MMA (CAMA, MSMA, and/or DSMA) or DMA over a period
of weeks, because they are custom or commercial applicators who are
completing a number of applications for a number of different clients.
Long-term handler exposures are not expected to occur for MMA and DMA.

Other parameters are also defined from use and usage data such as
application rates and application frequency. HED always completes
non-cancer risk assessments using maximum application rates for each in
order to ensure there are no concerns for each specific use.

Occupational handler exposure assessments are completed by HED using
different levels of risk mitigation. Typically, HED uses a tiered
approach. The lowest tier is designated as the baseline exposure
scenario (i.e., long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, socks, and no
respirator). If risks are of concern at baseline attire, then increasing
levels of personal protective equipment or PPE (e.g., gloves,
double-layer body protection, and respirators) are evaluated. If risks
remain a concern with maximum PPE, then engineering controls (e.g.,
enclosed cabs or cockpits, water-soluble packaging, and closed
mixing/loading systems) are evaluated. This approach is used to ensure
that the lowest level of risk mitigation that provides adequate
protection is selected, since the addition of PPE and engineering
controls involves an additional expense to the user and -- in the case
of PPE -- also involves an additional burden to the user due to
decreased comfort and dexterity and increased heat stress and
respiratory stress.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307596 .anchor}**2.1.1 Data and Assumptions For
Handler Exposure Scenarios**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307597 .anchor}**2.1.1.1 Assumptions for
Handler Exposure Scenarios**

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for
completing the occupational handler risk assessments. Each assumption
and factor is detailed below on an individual basis. The assumptions and
factors used in the risk calculations include:

-   Occupational handler exposure estimates were based on surrogate data
    from: (1) the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) and (2)
    the Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force (ORETF).

-   The toxicological endpoint of concern for dermal and inhalation
    risks are from studies where the effects were observed in males and
    females, therefore, the average body weight of an adult male handler
    (i.e., 70 kg) is used to complete the dermal and inhalation
    noncancer risk assessment.

-   Generic protection factors (PFs) were used to calculate exposures
    when data were not available. For example, an 80 percent protection
    factor was assumed for the use of a respirator equipped with a
    dust/mist filter.

-   For non-cancer assessments, HED assumes the maximum application
    rates allowed by the master labels in its risk assessments (see
    Tables 8, 9, 10, and 11).

-   The average occupational workday is assumed to be 8 hours.

-   The daily areas treated were defined for each handler scenario (in
    appropriate units) by determining the amount that can be reasonably
    treated in a single day (e.g., acres, square feet, or gallons per
    day). When possible, the assumptions for daily areas treated are
    taken from the Health Effects Division Science Advisory Committee on
    Exposure SOP #9: Standard Values for Daily Acres Treated in
    Agriculture, which was completed on July 5, 2000. However, no
    standard values are available for numerous scenarios. Assumptions
    for these scenarios are based on HED estimates and could be further
    refined from input from affected sectors (see Table 4).

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307598 .anchor}**2.1.1.2 Exposure Data for
    Handler Exposure Scenarios**

HED uses *unit exposure* to assess handler exposures to pesticides.
*Unit exposures* are estimates of the amount of exposure to an active
ingredient a handler receives while performing various handler tasks and
are expressed in terms of micrograms or milligrams of active ingredient
per pounds of active ingredient handled. HED has developed a series of
unit exposures that are unique for each scenario typically considered in
our assessments (i.e., there are different unit exposures for different
types of application equipment, job functions, and levels of
protection). The *unit exposure* concept has been established in the
scientific literature and also through various exposure monitoring
guidelines published by the U.S. EPA and international organizations
such as Health Canada and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development).

**Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (PHED) Version 1.1 (August
1998):** PHED was designed by a task force of representatives from the
U.S. EPA, Health Canada, the California Department of Pesticide
regulation, and member companies of the American Crop Protection
Association. PHED is a software system consisting of two parts -- a
database of measured exposures for workers involved in the handling of
pesticides under actual field conditions and a set of computer
algorithms used to subset and statistically summarize the selected data.
Currently, the database contains values for over 1,700 monitored
individuals (i.e., replicates).

Users select criteria to subset the PHED database to reflect the
exposure scenario being evaluated. The subsetting algorithms in PHED are
based on the central assumption that the magnitude of handler exposures
to pesticides are primarily a function of activity (e.g.,
mixing/loading, applying), formulation type (e.g., liquids, granulars),
application method (e.g., aerial, groundboom), and clothing scenarios
(e.g., gloves, double layer clothing).

Once the data for a given exposure scenario have been selected, the data
are normalized (i.e., divided by) by the amount of pesticide handled
resulting in standard unit exposures (milligrams of exposure per pound
of active ingredient handled). Following normalization, the data are
statistically summarized. The distribution of exposure for each body
part (e.g., chest, upper arm) is categorized as normal, lognormal, or
"other" (i.e., neither normal nor lognormal). A central tendency value
is then selected from the distribution of the exposure for each body
part. These values are the arithmetic mean for normal distributions, the
geometric mean for lognormal distributions, and the median for all
"other" distributions. Once selected, the central tendency values for
each body part are composited into a "best fit" exposure value
representing the entire body.

The unit exposures calculated by PHED generally range from the geometric
mean to the median of the selected data set. To add consistency and
quality control to the values produced from this system, the PHED Task
Force has evaluated all data within the system and has developed a set
of grading criteria to characterize the quality of the original study
data. The assessment of data quality is based on the number of
observations and the available quality control data. These evaluation
criteria and the caveats specific to each exposure scenario are
summarized in Appendix M. While data from PHED provide the best
available information on handler exposures, it should be noted that some
aspects of the included studies (e.g., duration, acres treated, pounds
of active ingredient handled) may not accurately represent labeled uses
in all cases. HED has developed a series of tables of standard unit
exposure for many occupational scenarios that can be utilized to ensure
consistency in exposure assessments. Unit exposures are used which
represent different levels of personal protection as described above.
Protection factors were used to calculate unit exposures for varying
levels of personal protection if data were not available.

**ORETF Handler Studies (MRID 449722-01):** A report was submitted by
the ORETF (Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force) that presented data
in which the application of various products used on turf by homeowners
and lawncare operators (LCOs) was monitored. All of the data submitted
in this report were completed in a series of studies.

[OMA002: LCO Spray Applications with a Low Pressure Handgun (MRID
449722-01):]{.underline}

A mixer/loader/applicator study was performed by the Outdoor Residential
Exposure Task Force (ORETF) using Dacthal as a surrogate compound to
determine "generic" exposures to individuals applying a pesticide to
turf with a low-pressure "nozzle gun" or "handgun" sprayer. Dermal and
inhalation exposures were estimated using whole-body passive dosimeters
and breathing-zone air samples on OVS tubes. Inhalation exposure was
calculated using an assumed respiratory rate of 17 liters per minute for
light work (NAFTA,1999), the actual sampling time for each individual,
and the pump flow rate. All results were normalized for pounds active
ingredient handled.

A total of 90 replicates were monitored using 17 different subjects.
Four different formulations of dacthal \[75% wettable powder (packaged
in 4 and 24 pound bags), 75% wettable powder in water soluble bags (3
pound bag), 75% water dispersible granules ( 2 pound bag) and 55% liquid
flowable (2.5 gallon container)\] were applied by five different LCOs to
actual residential lawns at each site in three different locations
(Ohio, Maryland, and Georgia) for a total of fifteen replicates per
formulation. An additional ten replicates at each site were monitored
while they performed spray application only using the 75 percent
wettable powder formulation. A target application rate of 2 pounds
active ingredient was used for all replicates (actual rate achieved was
about 2.2 pounds active ingredient per acre). Each replicate treated a
varying number of actual client lawns to attain a representative target
of 2.5 acres (1 hectare) of turf. The exposure periods averaged five
hours twenty-one minutes, five hours thirty-nine minutes, and six hours
twenty-four minutes, in Ohio, Maryland and Georgia, respectively.
Average time spent spraying at all sites was about two hours. All
mixing, loading, application, adjusting, calibrating, and spill clean up
procedures were monitored, except for typical end-of-day clean-up
activities, e.g. rinsing of spray tank, etc. Dermal exposure was
measured using inner and outer whole body dosimeters, hand washes,
face/neck washes, and personal air monitoring devices. All test subjects
wore one-piece, 100 percent cotton inner dosimeters beneath 100 percent
cotton long-sleeved shirt and long pants, rubber boots and nitrile
gloves. Gloves are typically worn by most LCOs, and required by many
pesticide labels for mixing and loading.

Overall, residues were highest on the upper and lower leg portions of
the dosimeters. In general, concurrent lab spikes produced mean
recoveries in the range of 78-120 percent, with the exception of OVS
sorbent tube sections which produced mean recoveries as low as 65.8
percent. Adjustment for recoveries from field fortifications were
performed on each dosimeter section or sample matrix for each study
participant, using the mean recovery for the closest field spike level
for each matrix and correcting the value to 100 percent. The unit
exposure values are presented below in Table 20. \[Note the data were
found to be lognormally distributed. As a result, all exposure values
are geometric means.\]

+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| **Table 20: Unit Exposure  |        |        |        |            |
| Values Obtained for LCO    |        |        |        |            |
| Spray Applications with a  |        |        |        |            |
| Low Pressure Handgun from  |        |        |        |            |
| ORETF Handgun Studies      |        |        |        |            |
| (MRID 449722-01)**         |        |        |        |            |
+============================+========+========+========+============+
| Application Method^4^      | Total  |        |        | Inhalation |
|                            | Dermal |        |        | Unit       |
|                            | Unit   |        |        | Exp        |
|                            | Expos  |        |        | osure^1,2^ |
|                            | ure^1^ |        |        | (ug/lb ai) |
|                            | (mg/lb |        |        |            |
|                            | ai)    |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
|                            | Single | Single | Double |            |
|                            | Layer, | Layer, | Layer, |            |
|                            | No     | Gloves | Gloves |            |
|                            | Gloves |        | ^3^    |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| LCO Handgun Spray          | No     | 0.45   | 0.245  | 1.8        |
| Mixer/Loader/Applicator    | Data   |        |        |            |
|                            |        |        |        |            |
| Liquid Flowable            |        |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| LCO Handgun Spray          | No     | 0.58   | 0.37   | 22         |
| Mixer/Loader/Applicator    | Data   |        |        |            |
| Water Dispersable Granule  |        |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| LCO Handgun Spray          | No     | 0.58   | 0.37   | 7.2        |
| Mixer/Loader/Applicator    | Data   |        |        |            |
|                            |        |        |        |            |
| Wettable Powder in Water   |        |        |        |            |
| Soluble Bags               |        |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| LCO Handgun Spray          | No     | 0.80   | 0.43   | 64         |
| Mixer/Loader/Applicator    | Data   |        |        |            |
|                            |        |        |        |            |
| Wettable Powder            |        |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+
| LCO Handgun Spray          | No     | 0.74   | 0.40   | 1.0        |
| Applicator Only            | Data   |        |        |            |
|                            |        |        |        |            |
| Wettable Powder            |        |        |        |            |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+------------+

^1^ Unit exposure values reported are geometric means.

^2^ Air concentration (mg/m^3^/lb ai) calculated using NAFTA '99
standard breathing rate of 17 lpm (1 m^3^/hr).

^3^ Exposure calculated using OPP/HED 50% protection factor (PF) for
cotton coveralls on torso, arms, legs.

^4^ All commercial handlers wore long pants, long-sleeved shirt, nitrile
gloves and shoes.

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307599 .anchor}**2.1.2 Occupational Handler
Exposure Scenarios**

It has been determined that exposure to pesticide handlers is likely
during the occupational use of MMA or DMA on agricultural crops,
non-crop areas and on turfgrass. The anticipated use patterns and
current labeling indicate occupational exposure scenarios based on the
types of equipment and techniques that can potentially be used for MMA
or DMA applications. The quantitative exposure/risk assessment developed
for occupational handlers is based on the following scenarios.

*DMA*

[Mixer/Loaders:]{.underline}

(1a) Mixing/loading liquids for aerial application (PHED);

(1b) Mixing/loading liquids for ground application (PHED);

> (1c) Mixing/loading liquids to support LCO handgun applications
> (PHED);
>
> (1d) Mixing/loading liquids for rights-of-way application (PHED);

[Applicators:]{.underline}

\(2\) Applying sprays with aerial equipment (PHED);

\(3\) Applying liquids with groundboom sprayer (PHED);

> \(4\) Applying sprays with a handgun sprayer (PHED);
>
> \(5\) Applying sprays with rights-of-way sprayer (PHED);

[Flaggers:]{.underline}

\(6\) Flagging sprays for aerial application (PHED);

[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}

\(7\) Mixing/loading/applying liquids with low pressure handwand sprayer
(ORETF);

\(8\) Mixing/ loading/applying liquids with a handgun sprayer (LCO
ORETF);

\(9\) Applying ready-to-use liquids with a trigger-pump sprayer (ORETF);
and

\(10\) Mixing/loading/applying liquids with a watering can (ORETF
hose-end data).

*CAMA*

[Mixer/Loaders:]{.underline}

(1a) Liquid Formulations for Groundboom Applications (PHED);

(1b) Liquid Formulations for LCO Handgun Applications (PHED);

[Applicators:]{.underline}

\(2\) Groundboom Spray Applications (PHED);

\(3\) Handgun Sprayer Applications (PHED); and

[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}

> \(4\) Liquid Formulations: Handgun Sprayer (ORETF).

*DSMA*

[Mixer/Loaders:]{.underline}

(1a) liquids for aerial application (PHED);

(1b) liquids for ground application (PHED);

> (1c) liquids to support LCO handgun applications (PHED);

(1d) liquids for rights-of-way application (PHED);

[Applicators:]{.underline}

\(2\) sprays with aerial equipment (PHED);

\(3\) sprays with groundboom sprayer (PHED);

\(4\) sprays with a turf handgun sprayer (PHED);

\(5\) sprays with rights-of-way sprayer (PHED);

[Flaggers:]{.underline}

\(6\) flagging for aerial sprays applications (PHED);

[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}

\(7\) liquids with low pressure handwand (ORETF); and

\(8\) liquids with a handgun sprayer (LCO ORETF data).

*MSMA*

[Mixer/Loaders:]{.underline}

(1a) liquids for aerial application (PHED);

(1b) liquids for ground application (PHED);

> (1c) liquids to support LCO handgun applications (PHED);

(1d) liquids for rights-of-way application (PHED);

[Applicators:]{.underline}

\(2\) sprays with aerial equipment (PHED);

\(3\) sprays with groundboom sprayer (PHED);

\(4\) sprays with a turf handgun sprayer (PHED);

\(5\) sprays with rights-of-way sprayer (PHED);

[Flaggers:]{.underline}

\(6\) flagging for aerial sprays applications (PHED);

[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}

\(7\) liquids with low pressure handwand (ORETF); and

\(8\) liquids with a handgun sprayer (LCO ORETF data).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307600 .anchor}**2.1.3 Non-cancer Occupational
Handler Exposure and Assessment**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307601 .anchor}**2.1.3.1 Non-cancer
Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Calculations**

**Daily Exposure:** Daily dermal or inhalation handler exposures are
estimated for each applicable handler task with the application rate,
the area treated in a day, and the applicable dermal or inhalation unit
exposure using the following formula:

Daily Exposure (mg ai/day) = Unit Exposure (mg ai/lb ai handled) x
Application Rate (lbs ai/area) x Daily Area Treated (area/day)

Where:

> Daily Exposure = Amount (mg or µg ai/day) deposited on the surface of
> the skin that is available for dermal absorption or amount inhaled
> that is available for inhalation absorption;
>
> Unit Exposure = Unit exposure value (mg or µg ai/lb ai) derived from
> August 1998 PHED data, from ORETF data, from CMA data, and from
> Proprietary data;
>
> Application Rate = Normalized application rate based on a logical unit
> treatment, such as acres, square feet, or gallons. Maximum values are
> generally used (lb ai/A, lb ai/sq ft, lb ai/gal); and

Daily Area Treated = Normalized application area based on a logical unit
treatment such as acres (A/day), square feet (sq ft/day), gallons per
day (gal/day).

**Daily Dose:** The daily dermal or inhalation dose is calculated by
normalizing the daily exposure by body weight and adjusting, if
necessary, with an appropriate dermal or inhalation absorption factor.
For all dermal and inhalation exposure scenarios for MMA and DMA, an
average male and female body weight of 70 kilograms was used, since the
toxicological endpoint is not sex-specific. Daily dose was calculated
using the following formula:

Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Daily Exposure (mg ai/day) x
(Absorption Factor (%/100) / Body Weight (kg)

Where:

> Average Daily Dose = Absorbed dose received from exposure to a
> pesticide in a given scenario (mg pesticide active ingredient/kg body
> weight/day);
>
> Daily Exposure = Amount (mg ai/day) deposited on the surface of the
> skin that is available for dermal absorption or amount inhaled that is
> available for inhalation absorption;
>
> Absorption Factor = A measure of the amount of chemical that crosses a
> biological boundary such as the skin or lungs (% of the total
> available absorbed); and
>
> Body Weight = Body weight determined to represent the population of
> interest in a risk assessment (kg).

**Margins of Exposure:** Non-cancer dermal and inhalation risks for each
applicable handler scenario are calculated using a Margin of Exposure
(MOE), which is a ratio of the daily dose to the toxicological endpoint
of concern. All MOE values were calculated separately for dermal and
inhalation exposure levels using the formula below:

MOE= NOAEL or LOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/day)

Where:

> MOE = Margin of Exposure, value used by HED to represent risk or how
> close a chemical exposure is to being a concern (unitless);
>
> ADD = Average Daily Dose or the absorbed dose received from exposure
> to a pesticide in a given scenario (mg pesticide active ingredient/kg
> body weight/day); and
>
> NOAEL or LOAEL = Dose level in a toxicity study, where no observed
> adverse effects (NOAEL) or where the lowest observed adverse effects
> (LOAEL) occurred in the study

Risk values are presented for each route of exposure (i.e., dermal or
inhalation) in each scenario, because risk mitigation measures are
specific to the route of exposure. A total MOE was not calculated for
MMA or DMA because the dermal and inhalation toxicological endpoints of
concern are based on different adverse effects.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307602 .anchor}**2.1.3.2 Occupational
Non-cancer Risk Summary (using PHED and ORETF data)**

Tables 21, 22, 23 and 24 present the risk assessments for short and
intermediate-term dermal and inhalation exposures at baseline, with
additional personal protective equipment, and with engineering controls,
for DMA, CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA, respectively.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="11"><strong>Table 21. DMA: Occupational Handler Short-and
Intermediate-term Dermal and Inhalation Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="3">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="3">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="3">Application Rate (lb ai/A)</th>
<th rowspan="3">Area Treated Daily (acres)</th>
<th colspan="7">MOEs</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="2">Baseline</th>
<th colspan="3">PPE</th>
<th colspan="2">Engineering Controls</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inhalation</th>
<th>Dermal – single layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Dermal – double layer w/ gloves</th>
<th>Inhalation – 80% Respirator</th>
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inhalation</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial
Applications (1a)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>950</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2500</td>
<td>3800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Cotton (pre-</p>
<p>conditioning for defoliation)</p></td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>710</td>
<td>2500</td>
<td>3400</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>10000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom
Applications (1b)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>7700</td>
<td>8000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>23000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>4300</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>41000</td>
<td>62000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>5100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>640</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>3200</td>
<td>6200</td>
<td>9300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO
Handgun Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>9.4</td>
<td>330</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3200</td>
<td>4800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>5100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way
(1d)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>2200</td>
<td>4200</td>
<td>6300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Applicator</strong> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4400</td>
<td>4700</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>45000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td>35000</td>
<td>70000</td>
<td>120000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>570</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>2800</td>
<td>5800</td>
<td>9800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>4800</td>
<td>5200</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>6000</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>30000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6) </td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>7500</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>340000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>8300</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>20000</td>
<td>42000</td>
<td>910000</td>
<td>420000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low
Pressure Handwand (ORETF) (7)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with a
Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data) (8)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>1900</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4400</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2200</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger-Pump Sprayer (ORETF)
(9)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>96000</td>
<td>70000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>480000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquids with a Watering Can
(using ORETF residential hose-end data) (10)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>0.00018</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>510000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>110000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>540000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="15"><strong>Table 22. CAMA: Occupational Handler Short-and
Intermediate-term Dermal and Inhalation Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="3">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="3">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of CAMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of MMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">Area Treated Daily (acres)</th>
<th colspan="10">MOEs</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="2">Baseline</th>
<th colspan="6">PPE</th>
<th colspan="2">Engineering Controls</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – single layer w/gloves</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – double layer w/ gloves</th>
<th colspan="2"><p>Inhalation –</p>
<p>80% R</p></th>
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications
(1a)</p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td colspan="2">17000</td>
<td colspan="2">23000</td>
<td colspan="2">7300</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td colspan="2">21000</td>
<td colspan="2">28000</td>
<td colspan="2">8700</td>
<td>55000</td>
<td>25000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td colspan="2">35000</td>
<td colspan="2">47000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>92000</td>
<td>42000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates for LCO Handgun Applications
(1b)</p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>580</td>
<td colspan="2">6900</td>
<td colspan="2">9400</td>
<td colspan="2">2900</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>8400</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>690</td>
<td colspan="2">8300</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td colspan="2">3500</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>10000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td colspan="2">14000</td>
<td colspan="2">19000</td>
<td colspan="2">5800</td>
<td>37000</td>
<td>17000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>2400</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td colspan="3">36000</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>80000</td>
<td>40000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>2800</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td colspan="3">43000</td>
<td colspan="2">14000</td>
<td>95000</td>
<td>48000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>57000</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>57000</td>
<td colspan="3">72000</td>
<td colspan="2">24000</td>
<td>160000</td>
<td>81000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>ND</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td colspan="3">17000</td>
<td colspan="2">50000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>ND</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td colspan="3">20000</td>
<td colspan="2">59000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>ND</td>
<td>20000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td colspan="3">33000</td>
<td colspan="2">100000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(4)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>7700</td>
<td colspan="3">7100</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>39000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9300</td>
<td colspan="3">8500</td>
<td colspan="2">16000</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td colspan="3">14000</td>
<td colspan="2">26000</td>
<td>77000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="14"><strong>Table 23. DSMA: Occupational Handler Short-and
Intermediate-term Dermal and Inhalation Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="3">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="3">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of DSMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of MMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">Area Treated Daily (acres)</th>
<th colspan="9">MOEs</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="2">Baseline</th>
<th colspan="5">PPE</th>
<th colspan="2">Engineering Controls</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – single layer w/gloves</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – double layer w/ gloves</th>
<th>Inhalation – 80% R</th>
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications (1a)</p></td>
<td><p>Cotton</p>
<p>(pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</p></td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>120</td>
<td colspan="2">1500</td>
<td colspan="2">2000</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>3900</td>
<td>1800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="6"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications
(1b)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (post-emergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>740</td>
<td colspan="2">8800</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>3700</td>
<td>24000</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Grass grown for seed</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td> 3.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>950</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>4800</td>
<td>30000</td>
<td>14000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Turf for sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td colspan="2">21000</td>
<td>6400</td>
<td>41000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5 </td>
<td>40</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td colspan="2">31000</td>
<td colspan="2">41000</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>82000</td>
<td>37000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>870</td>
<td colspan="2">10000</td>
<td colspan="2">14000</td>
<td>4300</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>3.88 </td>
<td>100</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>660</td>
<td colspan="2">7800</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>9500</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun Applications
(mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td colspan="2">16000</td>
<td>5100</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td>15000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way (1d)</p></td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td> 3.88</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>820</td>
<td colspan="2">9800</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>4100</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>12000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7 </td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>2200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td colspan="2">14000</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td colspan="2">6000</td>
<td>41000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Grass grown for seed</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>3.3 </td>
<td>80</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td colspan="2">19000</td>
<td>24000</td>
<td colspan="2">7700</td>
<td>52000</td>
<td>27000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td colspan="2">25000</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td colspan="2">10000</td>
<td>70000</td>
<td>36000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3) Cont.</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass-golf courses</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>4100</td>
<td colspan="2">50000</td>
<td>63000</td>
<td colspan="2">21000</td>
<td>140000</td>
<td>71000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>1400</td>
<td colspan="2">17000</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td colspan="2">7000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td>24000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td> 3.88</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td colspan="2">5300</td>
<td>36000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td colspan="2">16000</td>
<td>29000</td>
<td colspan="2">87000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.10</td>
<td> 3.88</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>250</td>
<td colspan="2">580</td>
<td>780</td>
<td colspan="2">1300</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td colspan="2">7300</td>
<td>530000</td>
<td>73000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>280</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">34000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(8)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td colspan="2">23000</td>
<td colspan="2">68000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9200</td>
<td>8400</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td colspan="2">46000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="15"><strong>Table 24. MSMA: Occupational Handler Short-and
Intermediate-term Dermal and Inhalation Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="3">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="3">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of MSMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">App Rate of MMA (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="3">Area Treated Daily (acres)</th>
<th colspan="9">MOEs</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="2">Baseline</th>
<th colspan="5">PPE</th>
<th colspan="2">Engineering Controls</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – single layer w/gloves</th>
<th colspan="2">Dermal – double layer w/ gloves</th>
<th>Inhalation – 80% R</th>
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inh</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications (1a)</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Cotton</p>
<p>(pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</p></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>120</td>
<td colspan="2">1500</td>
<td colspan="2">2000</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>3900</td>
<td>1800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Cotton (post-emergent over the top broadcast spray)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>260</td>
<td colspan="2">3100</td>
<td colspan="2">4200</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>8400</td>
<td>3800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications
(1b)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Cotton (post-emergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>740</td>
<td colspan="2">8800</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>3700</td>
<td>24000</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Cotton (post-emergent directed band application)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>150</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td colspan="2">19000</td>
<td colspan="2">25000</td>
<td>7900</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>23000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Grass grown for seed</td>
<td>6.16</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>600</td>
<td colspan="2">7100</td>
<td colspan="2">9700</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>8700</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications (Cont.)
(1b)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>89</td>
<td>940</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>30000</td>
<td>14000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf
courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>2800</td>
<td colspan="2">34000</td>
<td colspan="2">46000</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>91000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><p>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda</p>
<p>grass and zoysia grass</p></td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>180</td>
<td>1900</td>
<td colspan="2">23000</td>
<td colspan="2">31000</td>
<td>9500</td>
<td>60000</td>
<td>27000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>920</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td>29000</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>660</td>
<td colspan="2">7800</td>
<td colspan="2">11000</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>9500</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun Applications
(mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</p>
<p> </p></td>
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf
courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td colspan="2">18000</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>36000</td>
<td>16000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively
growing turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>1400</td>
<td colspan="2">16000</td>
<td colspan="2">22000</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>43000</td>
<td>20000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and
zoysia grass</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>750</td>
<td colspan="2">9000</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>24000</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p> Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way (1d)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>820</td>
<td colspan="2">9800</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>4100</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>12000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p> </p>
<p> Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>6700</td>
<td>2200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>4600</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4"><p>  </p>
<p> Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3) </p></td>
<td colspan="2">Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td colspan="2">14000</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td colspan="2">6000</td>
<td>40000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td colspan="2">31000</td>
<td>39000</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>86000</td>
<td>44000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Grass grown for seed</td>
<td>6.16</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>970</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td colspan="2">4900</td>
<td>33000</td>
<td>17000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td colspan="2">18000</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td colspan="2">7600</td>
<td>52000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (Cont.)
(3) </td>
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf
courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>55000</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td colspan="2">55000</td>
<td>70000</td>
<td colspan="2">23000</td>
<td>150000</td>
<td>79000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively
growing turfgrass-golf courses)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>66000</td>
<td>5500</td>
<td colspan="2">66000</td>
<td>85000</td>
<td colspan="2">28000</td>
<td>190000</td>
<td>95000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and
zoysia grass-golfcourses)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>37000</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td colspan="2">37000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>53000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td colspan="2">18000</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td colspan="2">7500</td>
<td>51000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td colspan="2">13000</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td colspan="2">5300</td>
<td>36000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</p>
<p> </p></td>
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic parks, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td colspan="2">18000</td>
<td>33000</td>
<td colspan="2">97000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively
growing turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td colspan="2">22000</td>
<td>39000</td>
<td colspan="2">120000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and
zoysia grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td colspan="2">65000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td> Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td colspan="2">Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>250</td>
<td colspan="2">580</td>
<td>780</td>
<td colspan="2">1300</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>1400</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">12000</td>
<td colspan="2">7200</td>
<td>530000</td>
<td>72000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td colspan="2">0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">25000</td>
<td colspan="2">15000</td>
<td>1100000</td>
<td>150000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf
courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>360</td>
<td>8700</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">43000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively
growing turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>430</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">52000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and
zoysia grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>5800</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td colspan="2">No Data</td>
<td colspan="2">29000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(8)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></td>
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf
courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td colspan="2">25000</td>
<td colspan="2">75000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively
growing turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td colspan="2">30000</td>
<td colspan="2">90000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and
zoysia grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>9200</td>
<td colspan="2">17000</td>
<td colspan="2">50000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards
(MSMA)</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9900</td>
<td>9000</td>
<td colspan="2">17000</td>
<td colspan="2">49000</td>
<td>NF</td>
<td>NF</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307603 .anchor}**2.1.4 Cancer Occupational
Handler Exposure and Risk Assessment**

No cancer endpoints of concern for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA were
identified, therefore cancer risks to handlers were not assessed.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307604 .anchor}**2.1.5 Summary of Risk Concerns
and Data Gaps for Occupational Handlers**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307605 .anchor}**2.1.5.1 Summary of Risk
Concerns**

For the dermal and inhalation, short and intermediate term exposure, the
level of concern or target MOE is 100. The calculated dermal and
inhalation risks were not combined for short-term or for intermediate
term because the dermal and inhalation endpoints were based on different
toxicological effects. There are no occupational handler scenarios for
MMA or DMA that have risks associated with them that are above HED's
level of concern for non-cancer risk assessments at some level of
mitigation.

For inhalation exposure, all scenarios for all of the organic arsenical
active ingredients exceeded the level of concern at baseline level of
mitigation. For dermal exposure, the following scenarios are below the
level of concern at baseline level of mitigation, but are above the
level of concern with personal protective equipment (i.e., single layer
plus gloves):

[DMA]{.underline}

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications

    -   Cotton (defoliation) (MOE = 7.5 at baseline)

    -   Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation) (MOE = 20 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Groundboom Applications

    -   Cotton (defoliation) (MOE = 45 at baseline)

    -   Non-crop (MOE = 9.9 at baseline)

    -   Non-bearing citrus orchards (MOE = 18 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun
    Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs)

    -   Lawn edging (MOE = 9.4 at baseline)

    -   Lawn renovation (MOE = 9.9 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way

    -   Non-crop (MOE = 12 at baseline)

-   Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment

    -   Non-crop (MOE = 28 at baseline); This scenario also is of
        concern with single layer plus gloves with an MOE of 92, but
        with double layer plus gloves, the risk is not a concern (MOE
        \>100)

-   Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure
    Handwand (ORETF)

    -   Non-bearing citrus orchards (MOE = 56 at baseline)

    -   Lawn edging (MOE = 36 at baseline)

    -   Lawn renovation (MOE = 38 at baseline)

    -   Non-crop (MOE = 38 at baseline)

[CAMA]{.underline}

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun
    Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs)

    -   Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent) (MOE = 55
        at baseline)

    -   Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass) (MOE = 66
        at baseline)

[DSMA]{.underline}

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications

    -   Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking) (MOE = 12 at
        baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Groundboom Applications

    -   Cotton (post-emergent directed spray) (MOE = 70 at baseline)

    -   Grass grown for seed (MOE = 90 at baseline)

    -   Non-crop Areas (MOE = 62 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun
    Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs)

    -   Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
        turfgrass) (MOE = 96 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way

    -   Non-crop Areas (MOE = 78 at baseline)

[MSMA]{.underline}

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications

    -   Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking) (MOE = 12 at
        baseline)

    -   Cotton (post-emergent over the top broadcast spray) (MOE = 25 at
        baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Groundboom Applications

    -   Cotton (post-emergent directed spray) (MOE = 70 at baseline)

    -   Grass grown for seed (MOE = 57 at baseline)

    -   Turf on sod farms) (MOE = 89 at baseline)

    -   Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, & Vineyards (MOE = 87 at baseline)

    -   Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, & Vineyards (MOE = 82 at baseline)

    -   Non-crop Areas (MOE = 62 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun
    Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs)

    -   Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
        grass) (MOE = 71 at baseline)

-   Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way

    -   Non-crop Areas (MOE = 78 at baseline)

        []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307606 .anchor}**2.1.5.2 Summary of
        Data Gaps**

There are no data gaps associated with the occupational handler
scenarios.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307607 .anchor}**2.1.6 Recommendations for
Refining Occupational Handler Risk Assessment**

In order to refine this occupational risk assessment, data on actual use
patterns including rates, timing, and areas treated would better
characterize MMA and DMA risks. Exposure studies for many equipment
types that lack data or that are not well represented in PHED (e.g.,
because of low replicate numbers or data quality) should also be
considered based on the data gaps identified above and based on a review
of the quality of the data used in this assessment.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307608 .anchor}**2.2 Occupational
Postapplication Exposures and Non-Cancer Risk Estimates**

HED uses the term "postapplication" to describe exposures to individuals
that occur as a result of being in an environment that has been
previously treated with a pesticide (also referred to as reentry
exposure). HED believes that there are distinct job functions or tasks
related to the kinds of activities that occur in previously treated
areas. Job requirements (e.g., the kinds of jobs to cultivate a crop),
the nature of the crop or target that was treated, and how the chemical
residues degrade in the environment can cause exposure levels to differ
over time. Each factor has been considered in this assessment.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307609 .anchor}**2.2.1 Occupational
Postapplication Exposure Scenarios**

Currently, DMA is registered for use on cotton, turfgrass and lawns.
CAMA is registered for use on turfgrass and lawns, and the occupational
label for CAMA prohibits use on turf being grown for sale, commercial
use as sod, commercial seed production, or for research purposes. MSMA
and DSMA uses are varied as it can be used on agricultural crops (i.e.
cotton and sod farms) and in a variety of other outdoor occupational
settings (i.e., rights-of-way, golf course turf). As a result, a wide
array of individuals can potentially be exposed by working in areas that
have been previously treated. HED is concerned about the kinds of
exposures one could receive in the workplace.

HED uses a concept known as the *transfer coefficient* to numerically
represent the postapplication exposures one would receive (generally
presented as cm^2^/hour). The transfer coefficient concept has been
established in the scientific literature and through various exposure
monitoring guidelines published by the U.S. EPA and international
organizations such as Health Canada and the Organization For Economic
Cooperation and Development. The establishment of transfer coefficients
also forms the basis of the work of the Agricultural Reentry Task Force.
A transfer coefficient is a measure of the residue transferred from a
treated surface to a person who is doing a task or activity in a treated
area. These values are the ratio of an exposure for a given task or
activity to the amount of pesticide residue on treated surfaces
available for transfer. HED has developed a series of standard transfer
coefficients that are unique for variety of job tasks or activities that
are used in lieu of chemical- and scenario-specific data.

To develop a postapplication assessment, HED considers the types of
tasks and activities that individuals are likely to doing in areas
recently treated with a pesticide. For consistency within
postapplication assessments, HED has developed a list of tasks commonly
associated with specific crops or use-patterns, which are likely to
result in postapplication exposures. Postapplication pesticide exposures
that result from an individual's employment are considered occupational
exposures. Common examples include: crop maintenance tasks (e.g.,
irrigating, weeding, and mowing) and crop advisor tasks (e.g.,
scouting).

HED considers how and when a pesticide is applied to estimate the level
of transferable residues to which individuals could be exposed over
time. Label directions and other use data are considered to determine
application rates and application frequency. HED completes noncancer
postapplication risk assessments using maximum application rates for
each scenario. When postapplication noncancer risks are a concern using
maximum application rates, HED may also consider typical application
rates or application frequency, to further evaluate the overall risks
associated with the use of the pesticide. To estimate the amount of
transferable residues on a treated surface, HED uses, when possible,
chemical- and crop-specific studies as described in HED guidelines for
exposure data collection (*Series 875, Occupational and Residential
Exposure Test Guidelines: Group B - Postapplication Exposure Monitoring
Test Guidelines*). For postapplication exposures, unique techniques are
used to measure the amount of pesticide residue on a treated surface
available for possible transfer. These techniques are distinct from
those which measure total pesticide residue on a treated surface and
absorbed into a treated entity. When appropriate chemical- and
crop-specific transferable residue data are unavailable, HED also has
developed a standard modeling approach to predict transferable residues
over time (best described in HED's *SOPs For Residential Exposure
Assessment*).

HED also must consider the likely frequency and duration of
postapplication occupational exposures to DMA and MMA. Short-term (30
days) always are considered in these assessments. Intermediate-term
(greater than 30 days to several months) exposure durations are
appropriate for postapplication occupational exposures scenarios where
the pesticide is reapplied several times over a growing season, or the
pesticide residues persist for relatively long periods of time, or the
crop or use-pattern is such that occupational postapplication workers
may be exposed to several different treated areas in the course of their
work. For example, migrant and seasonal workers may move from farm to
farm and be exposed several weeks to several months or different fields
or greenhouses on an individual establishment may be treated over a
period of weeks due to differing levels of infestation or staggered crop
cycles. For DMA and MMA, the exposure durations for noncancer
postapplication risk assessment were short-term (30 days) and
intermediate-term (greater than 30 days up to several months). However,
since the dermal toxicological endpoint of concern is the same for
short- and intermediate-term exposures, the short- and intermediate-term
postapplication risks are numerically identical. Inhalation exposures
are thought to be negligible in outdoor postapplication scenarios, since
DMA and MMA have low vapor pressure and the dilution factor outdoors is
considered infinite.

HED has used the basic approach described above since the mid 1980s for
calculating postapplication risks to pesticides. From that time to the
present, several revisions and modifications were made to Agency
policies as data, which warranted such changes, became available. In
1995, the Agency issued a Data Call-In for postapplication agricultural
data that prompted the formation of the Agricultural Reentry Task Force
(ARTF). This task force has generated a number of exposure studies and
associated documents that are currently under review. The work of the
ARTF is not yet complete; however, sufficient data were available from
the group that warranted a significant interim change in Agency policy
related to the data which were already available as the efforts of the
ARTF paralleled a push for tolerance reassessment stipulated by the
timelines established by FQPA. As a result of the need for the revision
and using the latest data, the Agency developed a revised policy on
August 7, 2000 entitled *Policy 003.1 Science Advisory Council for
Exposure Policy Regarding Agricultural Transfer Coefficients*. The
revision to this policy entailed linking worker activities to more
specific crop/agronomic groupings and making better use of the available
occupational postapplication exposure data. In the new policy, transfer
coefficients were selected to represent the activities associated with
18 distinct crop/agronomic groupings based on different types of
vegetables, trees, berries, vine/trellis crops, turf, field crops, and
bunch/bundle crops (e.g., tobacco).

Within each agronomic group, a variety of cultural practices are
required to maintain the included crops. These practices are varied and
typically involve light to heavy contact with immature plants as well as
with more mature plants. HED selected transfer coefficient values in its
revision of Policy 003 to represent this range of exposures within each
agronomic group. In the policy, transfer coefficients were placed in 1
of 5 generic categories based on the exposures relative to that group.
These 5 categories include: very low exposure, low exposure, medium
exposure, high exposure, and very high exposure. Numerical values were
not necessarily assigned to each category for each crop group.
Selections depended upon the actual agronomic practices that were
identified for each group (i.e., some groups had 2 assigned transfer
coefficients while others had 5). The transfer coefficient values which
have been used are excerpted directly from Agency Policy 003.1

In addition to transfer coefficients, occupational postapplication
exposures to workers are estimated, in general, using transferable turf
residue, dislodgeable foliar residue or soil transferable residue
values. Transferable turf residues (TTRs) are the amounts of pesticide
available on the turf surface that can potentially be transferred to the
skin of workers who contact treated turf. TTRs are measured using
techniques that specifically determine the amount of residues on the
surface treated leaves or other plant surfaces. In order to define the
amount of *transferable residues* to which individuals can be exposed,
whenever possible HED relies on chemical- and crop-specific studies as
described in HED guidelines for exposure data collection (*Series 875,
Occupational and Residential Exposure Test Guidelines: Group B -
Postapplication Exposure Monitoring Test Guidelines*). However, when no
chemical- and crop-specific studies are available, HED uses a standard
modeling approach to predict transferable residues over time (best
described in HED's *SOPs for Residential Exposure Assessment*).

The registrant has submitted one turf transferable residue study in
support of the reregistration of MSMA, titled *Determination of
Transferable Residues from Turf Treated with Monosodium Methanearsonate*
(MRID No. 449589-01). The average TTR values for the New York site, the
North Carolina site and the California site on the day of application
were 0.0752, 0.0360, 0.368 µg/cm^2^ respectively. The highest residue
value of 0.368 µg/cm^2^ from the CA site was previously used as a
screening level assessment.

Number range CHAPTERHED analyzed the raw data in a study review (USEPA:
Sandvig, 9/5/00) using all individual data replicates (not averages)
after the second application as follows: (1) for NY: DAT-0 through
DAT-7, (2) for NC: DAT-0 through DAT-28; (3) for CA: DAT-6 hrs through
DAT-25 collected after application #2. Since the majority of the field
recoveries were above 90% for the fortification level, 2 g/sample,
closest to the amount of residue found on the grass, data was not
corrected for field fortified recovery. In accordance with EPA guidance,
first order dissipation kinetics were assumed. A linear regression was
performed and obtained the following dissipation half-life values: 1)
New York: 0.74 days (R^2^=0.78); 2) North Carolina: 9.4 days
(R^2^=0.21); and 3) California: 5.48 days (R^2^=0.36). Since the
regression from the natural log transformed data produced low values
(showing that the data may not be linear), actual turf transferable
residue (TTR) data from the MSMA turfgrass study is being used in this
ORE chapter.

In a memo dated February 9, 2000 (USEPA: Sandvig) HED denied a request
by Luxenbourg-Pamol, Inc. to use the MSMA turf transferable residue data
as surrogate data for DMA. The assumption that DMA has the same
transferability as MSMA cannot be made based on similar chemical,
physical, and toxicological properties. Further, the dissipation rates
of MSMA and DMA have not been shown to be the same. HED still agrees
with this decision. As a result, HED has used the MSMA TTR study to
assess occupational postapplication exposures to MSMA, DSMA, and CAMA.
DMA occupational postapplication exposures were evaluated using HED's
default assumptions that 20 percent of the initial application is
available for transfer on day 0 (i.e., 12 hours after application) and
that the residue dissipates at a rate of 10 percent per day.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307610 .anchor}**2.2.2 Data/Assumptions for
Postapplication Exposure Scenarios**

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for
completing the occupational postapplication worker risk assessments.
Each assumption and factor is detailed below on an individual basis. In
addition to these values, transfer coefficient values were used to
calculate risk estimates. The transfer coefficients were taken from
HED's revised policy entitled *Policy 003.1 Science Advisory Council for
Exposure Policy Regarding Agricultural Transfer Coefficients* (August 7,
2000). The assumptions and factors used in the risk calculations are
presented below:

-   There are many factors that are common to handler and
    postapplication risk assessments such as body weights, duration, and
    application rates. See Section 2.1.1.1 for these values. In the
    postapplication risk assessment, maximum application rates were
    considered.

-   Levels of Concern: HED has established levels of concern (LOC) for
    occupational postapplication risks -- margins of exposure of less
    than 100 for occupational non-cancer dermal and inhalation risks are
    a concern.

-   Exposures were calculated to reflect actual TTR values over time
    coupled with surrogate transfer coefficients as outlined in HED's
    revised policy.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307611 .anchor}**2.2.3 Occupational
    Postapplication Exposure and Noncancer Risk Estimates**

Occupational non-cancer risks were calculated using a Margin of Exposure
(MOE), which is a ratio of the daily dose to the toxicological endpoint
of concern.

**Daily Exposure:** Daily dermal exposures were calculated on each
postapplication day after application using the following equation (see
equation D2-20 from *Series 875-Occupational and Residential Test
Guidelines: Group B-Postapplication Exposure Monitoring Test Guidelines*
and *Residential SOP 3.2: Postapplication Dermal Potential Doses from
Pesticide Residues on Gardens*):

DE~(t)~ (mg/day) = (TR~(t)~ (µg/cm^2^) x TC (cm^2^/hr) x Hr/Day)/1000
(µg/mg)

Where:

> DE(t) = Daily exposure or amount deposited on the surface of the skin
> at time (t) attributable for activity in a previously treated area,
> also referred to as potential dose (mg ai/day);

TR(t) = Transferable residues that can either be dislodgeable foliar or
turf transferable residue at time "t" (µg/cm^2^);

TC = Transfer Coefficient (cm^2^/hour); and

Hr/day = Exposure duration meant to represent a typical workday (hours).

Note that the (TR~(t)~) input may represent levels on the day of
application in the case of short-term risk calculations.

**Daily Dose and Margins of Exposure:** The manner in which daily
postapplication dermal exposures were calculated are inherently
different than with handler exposures. However, once daily exposures are
calculated, the calculation of daily absorbed dose and the resulting
Margin of Exposures use the same algorithms that are described above for
the handler exposures (See Section 2.1.3). These calculations are
completed for each day or appropriate block of time after application.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307612 .anchor}**2.2.4 Noncancer Risk Summary**

For non-cancer risks, the calculated MOE exceeds the target MOE on day 0
(i.e., 12 hours following application) for all crops/use sites for DMA,
CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, except for the application of DMA to turf (for
turf renovation). For lawn renovation using DMA, the calculated MOEs
range from 22 to 45 on day 0 (12 hours following application) depending
on the application rate and postapplication task being performed.

Tables 25 -- 28 present a summary of occupational postapplication risks
associated with use of DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, respectively.

+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
| **Table   |       |                          |          |           |
| 25. DMA:  |       |                          |          |           |
| Summary   |       |                          |          |           |
| of        |       |                          |          |           |
| Occ       |       |                          |          |           |
| upational |       |                          |          |           |
| Postap    |       |                          |          |           |
| plication |       |                          |          |           |
| Risks**   |       |                          |          |           |
+===========+=======+==========================+==========+===========+
| Crop      | A     | Transfer Coefficient     | Day      | MOE at    |
| Grouping  | pplic |                          | after    | Day 0     |
|           | ation |                          | App      |           |
|           | rate  |                          | lication |           |
|           |       |                          | when MOE |           |
|           | (lb   |                          | ≥100     |           |
|           | ai/   |                          |          |           |
|           | acre) |                          |          |           |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
| Cotton    | 0.8   | 1500 (irrigating,        | 12 hours | 980       |
| ^1^       |       | scouting, hand weeding)  |          |           |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           |       | 2500 (hand harvesting)   | 12 hours | 2,600     |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           | 0.3   | 1500 (irrigating,        | 12 hours | 590       |
|           |       | scouting, hand weeding)  |          |           |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           |       | 2500 (hand harvesting)   | 12 hours | 1,600     |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
| Turf ^1^  | 7.7   | 3400 (mowing)            | 8        | 100       |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           |       | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 14       | 97        |
|           |       | transplanting, hand or   |          |           |
|           |       | mechanical harvesting)   |          |           |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           | 7.3   | 3400 (mowing)            | 7        | 98        |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+
|           |       | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 13       | 100       |
|           |       | transplanting, hand or   |          |           |
|           |       | mechanical harvesting)   |          |           |
+-----------+-------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+

^1^ Using standard HED assumptions.

+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
| **Table   |        |                          |        |           |
| 26. CAMA: |        |                          |        |           |
| Summary   |        |                          |        |           |
| of        |        |                          |        |           |
| Occ       |        |                          |        |           |
| upational |        |                          |        |           |
| Postap    |        |                          |        |           |
| plication |        |                          |        |           |
| Risks**   |        |                          |        |           |
+===========+========+==========================+========+===========+
| Crop      | Appli  | Transfer Coefficient     | Day    | MOE at    |
| Grouping  | cation |                          | after  | Day 0     |
|           | rate   |                          | Appli  |           |
|           |        |                          | cation |           |
|           | (lb    |                          | when   |           |
|           | ai     |                          | MOE    |           |
|           | /acre) |                          | ≥100   |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
| Turf ^1^  | 5      | 3400 (mowing)            | 0 (6   | 3,600     |
|           |        |                          | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |        | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 0 (6   | 4,300     |
|           |        | transplanting, hand or   | hours) |           |
|           |        | mechanical harvesting)   |        |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 4.182  | 3400 (mowing)            | 0 (6   | 7,200     |
|           |        |                          | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |        | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 0 (6   | 1,800     |
|           |        | transplanting, hand or   | hours) |           |
|           |        | mechanical harvesting)   |        |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 2.5    | 3400 (mowing)            | 0 (6   | 2,100     |
|           |        |                          | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |        | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 0 (6   | 3,600     |
|           |        | transplanting, hand or   | hours) |           |
|           |        | mechanical harvesting)   |        |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+

^1^ Using actual California TTR study data from MRID 449589-01.

+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
| **Table   |        |                          |        |           |
| 27. DSMA: |        |                          |        |           |
| Summary   |        |                          |        |           |
| of        |        |                          |        |           |
| Occ       |        |                          |        |           |
| upational |        |                          |        |           |
| Postap    |        |                          |        |           |
| plication |        |                          |        |           |
| Risks**   |        |                          |        |           |
+===========+========+==========================+========+===========+
| Crop      | Appli  | Transfer Coefficient     | Day    | MOE at    |
| Grouping  | cation |                          | after  | Day 0     |
|           | rate   |                          | Appli  |           |
|           |        |                          | cation |           |
|           | (lb    |                          | when   |           |
|           | ai     |                          | MOE    |           |
|           | /acre) |                          | ≥100   |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
| Cotton^1^ | 2.268  | 1500 (irrigating,        | 0 (12  | 1,500     |
|           |        | scouting, hand weeding)  | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |        | 2500 (hand harvesting)   | 0 (12  | 900       |
|           |        |                          | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
| Turf ^2^  | 3.293  | 3400 (mowing)            | 0 (12  | 6,300     |
|           |        |                          | hours) |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |        | 6800 (hand weeding,      | 0 (12  | 3,100     |
|           |        | transplanting, hand or   | hours) |           |
|           |        | mechanical harvesting)   |        |           |
+-----------+--------+--------------------------+--------+-----------+

^1^ Using standard HED assumptions.

^2^ Using actual California TTR study data from MRID 449589-01.

+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
| **Table   |       |                            |        |           |
| 28. MSMA: |       |                            |        |           |
| Summary   |       |                            |        |           |
| of        |       |                            |        |           |
| Occ       |       |                            |        |           |
| upational |       |                            |        |           |
| Postap    |       |                            |        |           |
| plication |       |                            |        |           |
| Risks**   |       |                            |        |           |
+===========+=======+============================+========+===========+
| Crop      | A     | Transfer Coefficient       | REI    | MOE at    |
| Grouping  | pplic |                            |        | Day 0     |
|           | ation |                            |        |           |
|           | rate  |                            |        |           |
|           |       |                            |        |           |
|           | (lb   |                            |        |           |
|           | ai/   |                            |        |           |
|           | acre) |                            |        |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
| Cotton    | 2     | 1500 (irrigating,          | 0 (12  | 17,000    |
| ^1^       |       | scouting, hand weeding)    | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 2500 (hand harvesting)     | 0 (12  | 10,000    |
|           |       |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 1.875 | 1500 (irrigating,          | 0 (12  | 18,000    |
|           |       | scouting, hand weeding)    | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 2500 (hand harvesting)     | 0 (12  | 11,000    |
|           |       |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 0     | 1500 (irrigating,          | 0 (12  | 36,000    |
|           | .9375 | scouting, hand weeding)    | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 2500 (hand harvesting)     | 0 (12  | 22,000    |
|           |       |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
| Turf ^2^  | 3     | 3400 (mowing)              | 0 (12  | 4,600     |
|           | .9204 |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 6800 (hand weeding,        | 0 (12  | 2,300     |
|           |       | transplanting, hand or     | hours) |           |
|           |       | mechanical harvesting)     |        |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 2     | 3400 (mowing)              | 0 (12  | 7,000     |
|           | .6136 |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 6800 (hand weeding,        | 0 (12  | 3,500     |
|           |       | transplanting, hand or     | hours) |           |
|           |       | mechanical harvesting)     |        |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           | 2.178 | 3400 (mowing)              | 0 (12  | 8,400     |
|           |       |                            | hours) |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+
|           |       | 6800 (hand weeding,        | 12     | 4,200     |
|           |       | transplanting, hand or     | hours  |           |
|           |       | mechanical harvesting)     |        |           |
+-----------+-------+----------------------------+--------+-----------+

^1^ Using standard HED assumptions.

^2^ Using actual California TTR study data from MRID 449589-01.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307613 .anchor}**2.2.5 Occupational
Postapplication Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cancer**

Since no toxicological endpoint of concern was identified for cancer,
cancer risks from occupational postapplication exposures were not
assessed.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307614 .anchor}**2.2.6 Summary of Occupational
Postapplication Risk Concerns and Data Gaps**

There is one occupational postapplication scenario for MMA or DMA that
has risks associated with it that are above HED's level of concern for
non-cancer risk assessments. There are no occupational postapplication
scenarios for MMA or DMA that have data gaps.

[]{.mark}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307615 .anchor}**2.2.7 Recommendations for
Refining Occupational Postapplication Risk Assessment**

To refine this occupational risk assessment, data on actual use patterns
including rates, timing, and the kinds of tasks that are required to
produce agricultural commodities and other products would better
characterize MMA and DMA risks. Exposure studies for many cultural
practices that lack data or that are not well represented in the revised
transfer coefficient policy should also be considered based on the data
gaps identified above.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307616 .anchor}**3.0 RESIDENTIAL HANDLER
EXPOSURES AND NON-CANCER RISK ESTIMATES**

It has been determined there is a potential for exposure in residential
settings during the application process for homeowners who use products
containing DMA, CAMA, DSMA, or MSMA. There is also a potential for
exposure from entering DMA, CAMA, DSMA, or MSMA-treated areas, such as
lawns and golf courses. Risk assessments have been completed for both
residential handler and postapplication scenarios.

In addition to homeowner uses in residential settings, DMA, CAMA, DSMA,
and MSMA products are labeled for weed control at residential settings,
which is applied by occupational applicators, but may result in
postapplication exposures in residential settings. These potential
postapplication exposures to homeowners also have been considered in
this assessment.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307617 .anchor}**3.1 Residential Handler
Exposures and Risks**

HED uses the term "handlers" to describe those individuals who are
involved in the pesticide application process. HED believes that there
are distinct tasks related to applications and that exposures can vary
depending on the specifics of each task as was described above for
occupational handlers

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307618 .anchor}**3.1.1 Handler Exposure
Scenarios**

Scenarios are used to define risks based on the *U.S. EPA Guidelines for
Exposure Assessment* (U.S. EPA; Federal Register Volume 57, Number 104;
May 29, 1992). Assessing exposures and risks resulting from residential
uses is very similar to assessing occupational exposures and risks, with
the following exceptions:

-   Residential handler exposure scenarios are considered to be
    short-term only, due to the infrequent use patterns associated with
    homeowner products.

-   A tiered approach for personal protection using increasing levels of
    PPE is not used in residential handler risk assessments. Homeowner
    handler assessments are based on the assumption that individuals are
    wearing shorts, short-sleeved shirts, socks, and shoes.

-   Homeowner handlers are expected to complete all tasks associated
    with the use of a pesticide product including mixing/loading if
    needed as well as the application.

-   Label use-rates and use-information specific to residential products
    serve as the basis for the risk calculations.

-   Area/volumes of spray or chemical used in the risk assessment are
    based on HED's guidance specific to residential use-patterns.

HED has determined that there is potential exposure to residential
mixer, loader, and applicators during the usual use-patterns associated
with DMA, CAMA, DSMA and MSMA.

[DMA:]{.underline}

Based on the use patterns, five major residential exposures were
identified for DMA:

*[Mixers/Loaders/Applicators]{.underline}*

\(1\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a low pressure handwand
sprayer (ORETF);

\(2\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a hose end sprayer (ORETF);

\(3\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays ready-to-use formulations with a
hose-end sprayer

(ORETF);

\(4\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a watering can (ORETF hose-end
data); and

\(5\) Mixing/loading/applying ready-to-use formulations with a
trigger-pump sprayer

(ORETF).

The duration of exposure for residential populations is assumed to be
short-term only, since lawn renovation occurs only once a year, every
five years or more and weed control occurs about once a month during the
weed growing season of 3 months.

[CAMA]{.underline}

The anticipated use patterns and current labeling indicate three
residential handler exposure scenarios based on the types of equipment
and techniques that can potentially be used to make CAMA applications.
The quantitative exposure/risk assessment developed for residential
handlers is based on these scenarios.

*[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}*

\(1\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a low pressure handwand
sprayer (ORETF);

\(2\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a hose end sprayer (ORETF);
and

\(3\) Mixing/loading/applying ready-to-use formulations with a
trigger-pump sprayer

(ORETF).

[DSMA]{.underline}

Based on the use patterns, the following three residential exposure
scenarios were identified for DSMA:

*[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}*

\(1\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a low pressure handwand
sprayer (ORETF);

\(2\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a hose end sprayer (ORETF);
and

\(3\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays ready-to-use formulations with a
hose-end sprayer

(ORETF).

[MSMA]{.underline}

Based on the use patterns, the following three residential exposure
scenarios were identified for MSMA:

*[Mixer/Loader/Applicators:]{.underline}*

\(1\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a low pressure handwand
sprayer (ORETF);

\(2\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays with a hose end sprayer (ORETF);
and

\(3\) Mixing/loading/applying sprays ready-to-use formulations with a
hose-end sprayer

(ORETF).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307619 .anchor}**3.1.2 Data and Assumptions for
Handler Exposure Scenarios**

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for
completing the residential handler risk assessments. Each assumption and
factor is detailed below. In addition to these factors, unit exposure
values were used to calculate risk estimates. These unit exposure values
were taken from the Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force (ORETF)
studies. Both PHED and ORETF studies are presented below.

***Assumptions and Factors:*** The assumptions and factors used in the
risk calculations include:

-   Exposure factors used to calculate daily exposures to handlers were
    based on applicable data, if available. When appropriate data is
    unavailable, values from a scenario deemed similar might be used.

-   HED always considers the maximum application rates allowed by labels
    in its risk assessments. If additional information such as average
    or typical rates is available, these values also may be used to
    allow risk managers to make a more informed risk management
    decision. Average/typical application rates were not available for
    residential scenarios.

-   Residential risk assessments are based on estimates of what
    homeowners would typically treat, such as the size of a lawn or the
    size of a garden. The factors used for the DMA assessment were from
    the Health Effects Division Science Advisory Committee *Policy 12:
    Recommended Revisions to the Standard Operating Procedures for
    Residential Exposure Assessment* which was completed on February 22,
    2001, and on professional judgment. The daily volumes handled and
    area treated used in each residential scenario are provided in Table
    2 of that policy recommendation.

***Residential Handler Exposure Studies:*** The unit exposure values
that were used in this assessment were based on the Outdoor Residential
Exposure Task Force studies, the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database
(PHED, Version 1.1 August 1998), and two proprietary studies. \[Note:
PHED and some ORETF studies are described above in Section 2.1.1.\]

**ORETF Handler Studies \-- OMA001-OMA004 (MRID 449722-01)**

A report was submitted by the ORETF (Outdoor Residential Exposure Task
Force) that

presented data in which the application of various products used on turf
by homeowners and lawncare operators (LCOs) was monitored. All of the
data submitted in this report were completed in a series of studies.

[OMA004: Homeowner Liquid Applications with a Ready-to-use Hose-end
Sprayer and a Dial Type Hose-end Sprayer (MRID 449722-01):]{.underline}
A mixer/loader/applicator study was performed by the Outdoor Residential
Exposure Task Force (ORETF) using diazinon (25% EC) as a surrogate
compound to determine "generic" exposures to individuals applying a
pesticide to turf with a garden hose-end sprayer. Surrogate chemicals
were chosen by the Task Force for their representativeness based on
physical chemical properties and other factors. The study was designed
to simulate a typical application event for a homeowner applying
pesticides to home lawns via a hose-end sprayer. Each replicate
monitored the test subject treating 5,000 square feet of turf at a
nominal application rate of 4 pounds active ingredient per acre and
handling a total of 0.5 pounds active ingredient per replicate. The
average time per replicate was 75 minutes. A total of 60 replicates were
monitored using 30 test subjects (two replicates each). Thirty
applicator replicates were monitored using a ready-to-use (RTU) product
(Bug-B-Gon) packaged in a 32 fl. oz. screw-on container. These
containers were attached to garden hose-ends. An additional 30
mixer/loader/applicator replicates were monitored using Diazinon Plus
also packaged in 32 fl. oz. plastic bottles. This product required the
test subjects to pour the product into dial-type sprayers (DTS) that
were attached to garden hose-ends.

Dermal and inhalation exposures were monitored using passive dosimetry
(inner and outer whole body dosimeters, hand washes, face/neck wipes,
and personal inhalation monitors with OVS tubes). The inner samples
represent a single layer of clothing. Inhalation exposure was calculated
using an assumed respiratory rate of 17 liters per minute for light work
(NAFTA,1999), the actual sampling time for each individual, and the pump
flow rate. No gloves were worn in any replicate. All results were
normalized for the amount of active ingredient handled. The QA/QC data
are within an acceptable range and the study results are corrected for
field recoveries. The unit exposure values are presented below. \[Note:
All values are geometric means as the data were lognormally
distributed.\] The unit exposure values used in the residential
assessment are presented in Table 29.

+--------------------------+--------+----------+---------+-----------+
| **Table 29: Unit         |        |          |         |           |
| Exposure Values for      |        |          |         |           |
| Homeowner Spray          |        |          |         |           |
| Applications with a      |        |          |         |           |
| Ready-to-use Hose-end    |        |          |         |           |
| Sprayer and a Dial Type  |        |          |         |           |
| Hose-end Sprayer (MRID   |        |          |         |           |
| 449722-01**)             |        |          |         |           |
+==========================+========+==========+=========+===========+
| Scenario Monitored       | Total  |          |         | I         |
|                          | Dermal |          |         | nhalation |
|                          | Unit   |          |         | Unit      |
|                          | Expos  |          |         | Expo      |
|                          | ure^1^ |          |         | sure^1,2^ |
|                          | (mg/lb |          |         |           |
|                          | ai)    |          |         | (g/lb    |
|                          |        |          |         | ai)       |
+--------------------------+--------+----------+---------+-----------+
|                          | Short  | Long     | Long    |           |
|                          | Pants, | Pants,   | Pants,  |           |
|                          | Short  | Short    | Long    |           |
|                          | S      | Sleeves  | Sleeves |           |
|                          | leeves |          |         |           |
+--------------------------+--------+----------+---------+-----------+
| Homeowner Spray          | 2.6    | 0.45     | 0.26    | 11        |
| Applications with a      |        |          |         |           |
| Ready-to-use Hose-end    |        |          |         |           |
| Sprayer                  |        |          |         |           |
+--------------------------+--------+----------+---------+-----------+
| Homeowner Spray          | 11     | 6.2      | 5.6     | 17        |
| Applications with a Dial |        |          |         |           |
| Type Hose-end Sprayer    |        |          |         |           |
| (Mix-your-own)           |        |          |         |           |
+--------------------------+--------+----------+---------+-----------+

^1^ Unit exposure values reported are geometric means.

^2^ Air concentration (mg/m^3^/lb ai) calculated using NAFTA \>99
standard breathing rate of 17 lpm (1 m^3^/hr).

[OMA006: Homeowner Liquid Application to Garden with a Dial type
Sprayer, a Low Pressure Handwand and a Ready-to-use Bottle (MRID
444598-01)]{.underline} Report OMA006 presented data in which the
application of various products used on vegetable gardens by homeowners
was monitored. The unit exposure values used in the residential
assessment are presented in Table 30.

+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
| **Table 30. Unit |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Exposure Values  |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| for Homeowner    |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Spray            |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Application to   |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Garden with a    |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Dial type        |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Sprayer, a Low   |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Pressure         |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Handwand and a   |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Hose-End Sprayer |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Obtained From    |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| ORETF Study      |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| (MRID            |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| 444598-01)**     |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
+==================+======+======+=====+======+=====+======+========+
| Scenario         | T    |      |     |      |     |      | Inha   |
| Monitored        | otal |      |     |      |     |      | lation |
|                  | De   |      |     |      |     |      | Unit   |
|                  | rmal |      |     |      |     |      | Exp    |
|                  | Unit |      |     |      |     |      | osure1 |
|                  | E    |      |     |      |     |      |        |
|                  | xpos |      |     |      |     |      | (g/lb |
|                  | ure1 |      |     |      |     |      | ai)    |
|                  | (m   |      |     |      |     |      |        |
|                  | g/lb |      |     |      |     |      |        |
|                  | ai)  |      |     |      |     |      |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
|                  | S    |      | L   |      | L   |      |        |
|                  | hort |      | ong |      | ong |      |        |
|                  | Pa   |      | Pan |      | Pan |      |        |
|                  | nts, |      | ts, |      | ts, |      |        |
|                  | S    |      | Sh  |      | L   |      |        |
|                  | hort |      | ort |      | ong |      |        |
|                  | Sle  |      | S   |      | S   |      |        |
|                  | eves |      | lee |      | lee |      |        |
|                  |      |      | ves |      | ves |      |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
|                  | Gl   | No   | Glo | No   | Glo | No   |        |
|                  | oves | Gl   | ves | Gl   | ves | Gl   |        |
|                  |      | oves |     | oves |     | oves |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
| Homeowner Spray  | 10.5 | 38   | 0   | 17   | 0   | 15   | 2.7    |
| Applications     |      |      | .78 |      | .33 |      |        |
| with a Low       |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Pressure         |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Handwand Sprayer |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
| Homeowner Spray  | 11   | 54   | 2.8 | 45   | 1.8 | 42   | 19     |
| Applications     |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| with a           |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Ready-to-Use     |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Sprayer          |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+
| Homeowner Spray  | 15   | 34   | 0.5 | 18   | 0   | 17   | 0.82   |
| Applications     |      |      |     |      | .10 |      |        |
| with a Hose-end  |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
| Sprayer          |      |      |     |      |     |      |        |
+------------------+------+------+-----+------+-----+------+--------+

All unit exposures are geometric means

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307620 .anchor}**3.1.3 Residential Handler
Exposure and Non-Cancer Risk Estimates**

Noncancer risks were calculated using the Margin of Exposure (MOE) as
described in Section 2.1.3. Assessing exposures and risks resulting from
residential uses is very similar to assessing occupational exposures and
risks, except as described in Section 3.1.1. The other major difference
with residential risk assessments is that the uncertainty factor which
defines the level of risk concern has the additional FQPA safety factor
applied. In the case of DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, it was decided by HED
that the factor should be 1X. Therefore, the overall uncertainty factor
applied to DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA for residential handler risk
assessments is 100, which is based on the FQPA safety factor of 1X along
with the 10X for inter-species extrapolation and 10X for intra-species
sensitivity.

The residential exposure and risk estimates associated with the use of
DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA are presented in Tables 31 -- 34.

+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| **Table 31.  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| DMA:         |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Residential  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Handler      |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Short- and   |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Inter        |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| mediate-term |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Dermal and   |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Inhalation   |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Exposure and |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Risks**      |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+==============+========+=======+======+=======+=======+=====+=======+
| Exposure     | Crop   | A     | Area | Bas   |       | Ba  |       |
| Scenario     | or     | pplic | Tre  | eline |       | sel |       |
|              | Target | ation | ated | Unit  |       | ine |       |
|              |        | Rate  | D    | Expo  |       | M   |       |
|              |        | (lb   | aily | sures |       | OEs |       |
|              |        | ai/   | (ac  |       |       |     |       |
|              |        | acre) | res) |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              |        |       |      | D     | Inhal | Der | Inhal |
|              |        |       |      | ermal | ation | mal | ation |
|              |        |       |      | (     | (     |     |       |
|              |        |       |      | mg/lb | ug/lb |     |       |
|              |        |       |      | ai)   | ai)   |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| **M          |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| ixer/Loader/ |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Applicator** |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| Mixing/Load  | Lawn   | 7.72  | 0.5  | 38    | 2.7   | 140 | 29000 |
| ing/Applying | edging |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Liquid       |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Concentrates |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| with Low     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Pressure     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Handwand     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (ORETF) (1)  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | Lawn   | 7.3   | 0.5  | 38    | 2.7   | 150 | 31000 |
|              | reno   |       |      |       |       |     |       |
|              | vation |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| Mixing/Load  | Lawn   | 7.72  | 0.5  | 11    | 17    | 490 | 4700  |
| ing/Applying | edging |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Liquid       |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Concentrates |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| with         |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Hose-End     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Sprayer      |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (Residential |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| ORETF data)  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (2)          |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | Lawn   | 7.3   | 0.5  | 11    | 17    | 520 | 4900  |
|              | reno   |       |      |       |       |     |       |
|              | vation |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | No     | 7.3   | 0.5  | 11    | 17    | 520 | 4900  |
|              | n-crop |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| Loading/     | Lawn   | 7.72  | 0.5  | 2.6   | 11    | 2   | 7200  |
|              | edging |       |      |       |       | 100 |       |
| Applying     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Liquid       |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Concentrates |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| with RTU     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Hose-End     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Sprayer      |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (Residential |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| ORETF data)  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (3)          |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | Lawn   | 7.3   | 0.5  | 2.6   | 11    | 2   | 7600  |
|              | reno   |       |      |       |       | 200 |       |
|              | vation |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | No     | 7.3   | 0.5  | 2.6   | 11    | 2   | 7600  |
|              | n-crop |       |      |       |       | 200 |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| Mixing/Load  | Lawn   | 0.    | 1000 | 11    | 16    | 11  | 1     |
| ing/Applying | edging | 00018 |      |       |       | 000 | 10000 |
| Liquid       |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Concentrates |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| with a       |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Watering Can |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (using ORETF |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| residential  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| hose-end     |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| data) (4)    |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | Lawn   | 0.    | 1000 | 11    | 16    | 11  | 1     |
|              | reno   | 00017 |      |       |       | 000 | 10000 |
|              | vation |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
| Applying     | Lawn   | 0.    | 1000 | 54    | 19    | 2   | 91000 |
| Ready to Use | edging | 00018 |      |       |       | 200 |       |
| Formulations |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| via          |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Trigger-Pump |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| Sprayer      |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
| (ORETF) (5)  |        |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | Lawn   | 0.    | 1000 | 54    | 19    | 2   | 96000 |
|              | reno   | 00017 |      |       |       | 300 |       |
|              | vation |       |      |       |       |     |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+
|              | No     | 0.    | 1000 | 54    | 19    | 2   | 96000 |
|              | n-crop | 00017 |      |       |       | 300 |       |
+--------------+--------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+-------+

+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
| **Table  |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| 32.      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| CAMA:    |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Res      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| idential |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Handler  |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Short-   |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| and      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| I        |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| ntermedi |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| ate-term |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Dermal   |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| and      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| In       |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| halation |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Exposure |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| and      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Risks**  |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+==========+========+=====+=====+=====+=====+=======+======+=======+
| Exposure | Crop   | App | App | A   | Ba  |       | Base |       |
| Scenario | or     | R   | R   | rea | sel |       | line |       |
|          | Target | ate | ate | T   | ine |       | MOEs |       |
|          |        | (lb | of  | rea | U   |       |      |       |
|          |        | ai  | MMA | ted | nit |       |      |       |
|          |        | /A) | (lb | Da  | Ex  |       |      |       |
|          |        |     | ai  | ily | pos |       |      |       |
|          |        |     | /A) | (   | ure |       |      |       |
|          |        |     |     | acr |     |       |      |       |
|          |        |     |     | es) |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          |        |     |     |     | Der | Inhal | De   | Inhal |
|          |        |     |     |     | mal | ation | rmal | ation |
|          |        |     |     |     | (mg | (     |      |       |
|          |        |     |     |     | /lb | ug/lb |      |       |
|          |        |     |     |     | ai) | ai)   |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
| **Mi     |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| xer/Load |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| er/Appli |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| cator**  |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
| Mixing/  | Lawn   | 5   | 4.4 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 840  | 52000 |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Loading/ | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Applying | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Liquid   | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Conc     | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| entrates | g      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| with Low | rasses |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Pressure | other  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Handwand | than   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (ORETF)  | Bent)  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (1)      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 4.  | 3.7 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 1000 | 62000 |
|          | and    | 182 |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | B      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | ermuda |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | Zoysia |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 1700 | 1     |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      | 00000 |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | bent   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
| Mixing/  | Lawn   | 5   | 4.4 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 2900 | 8200  |
| Loading/ | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Applying | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Liquid   | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Conc     | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| entrates | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| with     | g      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Hose-End | rasses |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Sprayer  | other  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (Res     | than   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| idential | Bent)  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| ORETF    |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| data)    |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (2)      |        |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 4.  | 3.7 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 3500 | 9800  |
|          | and    | 182 |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | B      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | ermuda |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | Zoysia |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 5800 | 16000 |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | bent   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
| Applying | Lawn   | 5   | 4.4 | 0.  | 54  | 19    | 1    | 1     |
| Ready to | and    |     |     | 023 |     |       | 3000 | 60000 |
| Use      | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Form     | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| ulations | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| via      | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Trig     | g      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| ger-Pump | rasses |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| Sprayer  | other  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (ORETF)  | than   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
| (3)      | Bent)  |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 4.  | 3.7 | 0.  | 54  | 19    | 1    | 1     |
|          | and    | 182 |     | 023 |     |       | 5000 | 90000 |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | B      |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | ermuda |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | and    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | Zoysia |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+
|          | Lawn   | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.  | 54  | 19    | 2    | 3     |
|          | and    |     |     | 023 |     |       | 6000 | 20000 |
|          | orna   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | mental |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | turf   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | (on    |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | bent   |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
|          | grass) |     |     |     |     |       |      |       |
+----------+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+------+-------+

+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| *      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| *Table |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| 33.    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| DSMA:  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Resid  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ential |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| H      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| andler |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Short- |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Inter  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| mediat |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| e-term |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Dermal |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Inha   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| lation |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ex     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| posure |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| R      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| isks** |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+========+========+=======+=====+=====+=====+=======+=====+=======+
| Ex     | Crop   | App   | App | A   | Ba  |       | Ba  |       |
| posure | or     | Rate  | R   | rea | sel |       | sel |       |
| Sc     | Target | of    | ate | T   | ine |       | ine |       |
| enario |        | DSMA  | of  | rea | U   |       | M   |       |
|        |        | (lb   | MMA | ted | nit |       | OEs |       |
|        |        | ai/   | (lb | Da  | Ex  |       |     |       |
|        |        | acre) | ai  | ily | pos |       |     |       |
|        |        |       | /ac | (   | ure |       |     |       |
|        |        |       | re) | acr |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     | es) |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        |        |       |     |     | Der | Inhal | Der | Inhal |
|        |        |       |     |     | mal | ation | mal | ation |
|        |        |       |     |     | (mg | (     |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     | /lb | ug/lb |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     | ai) | ai)   |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| **M    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ixer/L |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| oader/ |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Applic |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ator** |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| M      | lawns  | 3.293 | 2   | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 1   | 91000 |
| ixing/ | and    |       | .5  |     |     |       | 500 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Lo     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ading/ | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| with   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Low    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Pr     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| essure |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ha     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ndwand |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ORETF) |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (1)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| M      | lawns  | 3.293 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 5   | 14000 |
| ixing/ | and    |       |     |     |     |       | 100 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Lo     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ading/ | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| via    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ho     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| se-End |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| S      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| prayer |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (ORETF |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| data)  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (2)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| Lo     | lawns  | 3.293 |     | 0.5 | 2.6 | 11    | 21  | 22000 |
| ading/ | and    |       | 2.5 |     |     |       | 000 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| with   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| RTU    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ho     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| se-End |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| S      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| prayer |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (Resid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ential |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ORETF  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| data)  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (3)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+

+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| *      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| *Table |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| 34.    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| MSMA:  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Resid  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ential |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| H      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| andler |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Short- |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Inter  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| mediat |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| e-term |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Dermal |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Inha   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| lation |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ex     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| posure |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| and    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| R      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| isks** |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+========+========+=======+=====+=====+=====+=======+=====+=======+
| Ex     | Crop   | App   | App | A   | Ba  |       | Ba  |       |
| posure | or     | Rate  | R   | rea | sel |       | sel |       |
| Sc     | Target | of    | ate | T   | ine |       | ine |       |
| enario |        | MSMA  | of  | rea | U   |       | M   |       |
|        |        | (lb   | MMA | ted | nit |       | OEs |       |
|        |        | ai/   | (lb | Da  | Ex  |       |     |       |
|        |        | acre) | ai  | ily | pos |       |     |       |
|        |        |       | /ac | (   | ure |       |     |       |
|        |        |       | re) | acr |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     | es) |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        |        |       |     |     | Der | Inhal | Der | Inhal |
|        |        |       |     |     | mal | ation | mal | ation |
|        |        |       |     |     | (mg | (     |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     | /lb | ug/lb |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     | ai) | ai)   |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| **M    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ixer/L |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| oader/ |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Applic |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ator** |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| M      | lawns  | 3     | 3.4 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 1   | 67000 |
| ixing/ | and    | .9204 |     |     |     |       | 100 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Lo     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ading/ | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| with   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Low    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Pr     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| essure |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ha     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ndwand |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (ORETF |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| \--    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ground |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| dir    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ected) |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (1)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        | lawns  | 2     | 2.3 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 1   | 1     |
|        | and    | .6136 |     |     |     |       | 600 | 00000 |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        | lawns  | 2.178 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 38  | 2.7   | 2   | 1     |
|        | and    |       |     |     |     |       | 000 | 20000 |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| M      | lawns  | 3     | 3.4 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 3   | 11000 |
| ixing/ | and    | .9204 |     |     |     |       | 800 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Lo     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ading/ | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| with   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ho     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| se-End |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| S      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| prayer |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (Resid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ential |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ORETF  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| data)  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (2)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        | lawns  | 2     | 2.3 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 5   | 16000 |
|        | and    | .6136 |     |     |     |       | 600 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        | lawns  | 2.178 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 11  | 17    | 6   | 19000 |
|        | and    |       |     |     |     |       | 800 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
|        | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
| Lo     | lawns  | 3     | 3.4 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 11    | 16  | 17000 |
| ading/ | and    | .9204 |     |     |     |       | 000 |       |
|        | orna   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ap     | mental |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| plying | turf   |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Liquid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Concen |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| trates |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| with   |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| RTU    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| Ho     |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| se-End |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| S      |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| prayer |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (Resid |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ential |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| ORETF  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| data)  |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
| (3)    |        |       |     |     |     |       |     |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        |        | 2     | 2.3 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 11    | 24  | 25000 |
|        |        | .6136 |     |     |     |       | 000 |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+
|        |        | 2.178 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 11    | 29  | 30000 |
|        |        |       |     |     |     |       | 000 |       |
+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-------+-----+-------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307621 .anchor}**3.1.4 Residential Handler
Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cancer**

No cancer endpoints of concern for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA were
identified, therefore cancer risks to residential handlers were not
assessed.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307622 .anchor}**3.1.5 Summary of Risk Concerns
and Data Gaps for Handlers**

All noncancer risks (i.e., MOEs) to handlers associated with the
scenarios are not of concern, because they exceed HED's uncertainty
factor of 100 for DMA, CAMA, MSMA, and DSMA.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307623 .anchor}**3.1.6 Recommendations for
Refining Residential Handler Risk Assessment**

In order to refine this residential risk assessment, more data on actual
use patterns including rates, timing, and areas treated would better
characterize DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA risks. Exposure studies for many
equipment types that lack data or that are not well represented in PHED
(e.g., because of low replicate numbers or data quality) should also be
considered based on the data gaps identified above and based on a review
of the quality of the data used in this assessment.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307624 .anchor}**3.2 Residential
Postapplication Exposures and Assumptions**

HED uses the term "postapplication" to describe exposures to individuals
that occur as a result of being in an environment that has been
previously treated with a pesticide. DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA can be
used in many areas that can be frequented by the general population
including residential areas (e.g., home lawns and gardens). As a result,
individuals can be exposed by entering these areas if they have been
previously treated.

All of these arsenic compounds are expected to accumulate in the soil
and not degrade over time. In order to estimate exposures over a year,
it was assumed that applications would take place four times per year
and the total amount that would be applied over a year was used to
calculate exposures to DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307625 .anchor}**3.2.1 Residential
Postapplication Exposure Scenarios**

A wide array of individuals of varying ages can potentially be exposed
to DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA when they are in areas that have been
previously treated. Postapplication exposure scenarios were developed
for each residential setting where DMA, CAMA, MSMA and DSMA can be used.
The scenarios likely to result in postapplication exposures are as
follows:

-   Dermal exposure from residue on lawns (adult and toddler);

-   Hand-to-mouth transfer of residues on lawns (toddler);

-   Ingestion of pesticide treated grass (toddler); and

-   Incidental ingestion of soil from pesticide-treated residential
    areas (toddler).

HED relies on a standardized approach for completing residential risk
assessments that is based on current labels and guidance contained in
the following five documents:

-   ***Series 875, Residential and Residential Exposure Test Guidelines:
    Group B - Postapplication Exposure Monitoring Test Guidelines (V
    5.4, Feb. 1998)*** This document provides general risk assessment
    guidance and criteria for analysis of residue dissipation data.

-   ***Standard Operating Procedures For Residential Exposure Assessment
    (Dec. 1997)*** This document provides the overarching guidance for
    developing residential risk assessments including scenario
    development, algorithms, and values for inputs.

-   ***Science Advisory Council For Exposure Policy 12 (Feb. 2001):
    Recommended Revisions To The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
    For Residential Exposure Assessment*** This document provides
    additional, revised guidance for completing residential exposure
    assessments.

-   ***Overview of Issues Related To The Standard Operating Procedures
    For Residential Exposure Assessment (August 1999 Presentation To The
    FIFRA SAP)*** This document provides rationale for Agency changes in
    SOPs.

When the guidance in current labels and these documents is considered,
it is clear that HED should consider children of differing ages as well
as adults in its assessments. It is also clear that different age groups
should be considered in different situations. The populations that were
considered in the assessment include:

-   [Residential Adults:]{.underline} these individuals are members of
    the general population that are exposed to chemicals by engaging in
    activities at their residences (e.g., in their lawns or gardens) and
    also in areas not limited to their residence (e.g., golf courses or
    parks) previously treated with a pesticide. These kinds of exposures
    are attributable to a variety of activities and are usually
    addressed by HED in risk assessments by considering a representative
    activity as the basis for the exposure calculation.

-   [Residential Children:]{.underline} children are members of the
    general population that can also be exposed in their residences
    (e.g., on lawns and other residential turfgrass areas). These kinds
    of exposures are attributable to a variety of activities such as
    playing outside. Toddlers have been selected as the sentinel
    (representative) population for the turf assessment. Youth-aged
    children (ages 10 to 12) are considered the sentinel population for
    a golfing assessment, because it is likely that children of this age
    would be playing golf. Children are addressed by HED in risk
    assessments by considering representative activities for each age
    group in an exposure calculation.

The *SOPs for Residential Exposure Assessment* define several scenarios
that apply to uses specified in current labels. These scenarios served
as the basis for the residential postapplication assessment along with
the modifications to them and the additional data and approaches
described above. HED used this guidance to define the exposure scenarios
that essentially include dermal and nondietary ingestion exposure to
toddlers on treated lawns and dermal exposure to adults and youth on
treated lawns. The SOPs and the associated scenarios are presented
below:

-   ***Dose from dermal exposure on treated turf:*** Postapplication
    dermal dose calculations for toddlers from playing on treated turf,
    for youth and adults playing golf on treated turf, and for adults
    mowing and exercising on treated turf

-   ***Dose from hand-to-mouth activity from treated turf:***
    Postapplication dose calculations for toddlers from incidental
    nondietary ingestion of pesticide residues on treated turf from
    hand-to-mouth transfer (i.e., those residues that are swallowed when
    toddlers get pesticide residues on their hands from touching treated
    turf and then put their hands in their mouth);

-   ***Dose from object-to-mouth activity from treated turf:***
    Postapplication dose calculations for toddlers from incidental
    nondietary ingestion of pesticide residues on treated turf from
    object-to-mouth transfer (i.e., those residues that are swallowed
    when toddlers put treated turf in their mouths);

-   ***Dose from soil ingestion activity from treated turf:***
    Postapplication dose calculations for toddlers from incidental
    nondietary ingestion of pesticide residues from ingesting soil in a
    treated turf area (i.e., those soil residues that are swallowed when
    toddlers get pesticide residues on their hands from touching treated
    soil and then put their hands in their mouth);

The detailed residential postapplication calculations are presented in
the appendices of this document.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307626 .anchor}**3.2.2 Data and Assumptions for
Residential Postapplication Exposure Scenarios**

[Assumptions and Exposure Factors]{.underline}

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for
completing the residential postapplication risk assessments. The
assumptions and factors used in the risk calculations are consistent
with current Agency policy for completing residential exposure
assessments (i.e., *SOPs for Residential Exposure Assessment*). The
values used in this assessment include:

-   There are many factors that are common to the occupational and
    residential postapplication risk assessments, such as body weights
    for adults, and analysis of residue dissipation data. Please refer
    to the assumptions and factors in Section 2.1.2 for further
    information concerning these common values.

-   HED combines risks resulting from exposures to individual
    applications when it is likely they can occur simultaneously based
    on the use pattern and the behavior associated with the exposed
    population. The toxicological endpoints used in assessing risks must
    have the same toxicological effect in order for the risks to be
    aggregated. For DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, HED has combined risks
    (i.e., MOEs) for different kinds of exposures for the following
    scenario: for toddlers on turf --hand-to-mouth plus object-to-mouth
    plus soil ingestion.

-   The measured TTR levels quantified in MRID 449589-01 (used above in
    the occupational postapplication assessment for MMA) have not been
    used to complete the short-term dermal exposure calculations as the
    0-day transferability was \< 1 percent of the application rate.
    Studies where transferability is less than 1 percent are not used
    for residential postapplication risk assessment purposes because the
    transfer coefficients used by the Agency for defining exposures are
    based on Jazzercize studies in which TTR values were measured by
    techniques where transferability is generally in the 1 to 5 percent
    range. In these cases, HED utilizes the assumptions explained below
    taken from HED's standard operating procedures.

-   Exposures to adults and children on treated turf have been addressed
    using the latest HED standard operating procedures for this scenario
    including:

    -   the transfer coefficients used are those presented during the
        1999 Agency presentation before the FIFRA Science Advisory Panel
        that have been adopted in routine practice by HED;

    -   3 year old toddlers are expected to weigh 15 kilograms
        (representing an average weight from years one to six);

    -   hand-to-mouth exposures are based on a frequency of 20
        events/hour and a surface area per event of 20 cm^2^,
        representing the palmar surfaces of three fingers;

    -   saliva extraction efficiency is 50 percent meaning that every
        time the hand goes in the mouth approximately ½ of the residues
        on the hand are removed;

    -   object-to-mouth exposures are based on a 25 cm^2^ surface area;

    -   exposure durations for turfgrass scenarios are estimated to be 2
        hours based on information in HED's *Exposure Factors Handbook*;

    -   soil residues are contained in the top centimeter and soil
        density is 0.67 mL/gram; and

    -   hand- and object-to-mouth, and soil ingestion are combined to
        represent an overall risk from exposure to turf.

-   Postapplication residential risks are based on maximum application
    rates or values specified in the *SOPs for Residential Exposure
    Assessment*.

-   The Jazzercize approach is the basis for the dermal transfer
    coefficients as described in HED's Series 875 guidelines, *SOPs for
    Residential Exposure Assessment*, and the 1999 FIFRA SAP Overview
    document.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc131307627 .anchor}**3.2.3 Residential
    Postapplication Exposure and Noncancer Risk Estimates**

Noncancer risks were calculated using the Margin of Exposure (MOE)
approach, which is a ratio of the body burden to the toxicological
endpoint of concern. Exposures were calculated by considering the
potential sources of exposure (i.e., TTRs on lawns), then calculating
dermal and nondietary ingestion exposures.

Dermal exposures and risks from lawn uses were calculated in the same
manner as described above in Section 2.2.3. Along with calculating these
dermal exposures, other aspects of the turf exposure scenarios were
calculated such as the dose from nondietary ingestion. The algorithms
used for each type of calculation are presented below which have not
been previously addressed in Section 2.2.3.

[Nondietary Ingestion Exposure from Treated Turf:]{.underline}
Nondietary ingestion exposure from treated turf was calculated using the
following equations. These values were then used to calculate MOEs.

*Dermal Exposure from Treated Lawns (adult and toddler)*

The approach used to calculate the dermal doses that are attributable to
exposure from contacting treated lawns is:

*ADD = (TTR~0~ \* ET \* TC \* DA \* CF1) / BW*

Where:

> ADD = average daily dose (mg/kg/day);
>
> TTR~t~ = turf transferable residue on day \"0\" (µg/cm^2^). TTR =
> application rate (µg/cm^2^) \* fraction of ai retained on foliage (5%
> for turf activities, 20% for gardening activities) ;

ET = exposure time (2 hr/day);

TC = transfer coefficient (14,500 cm^2^/hr for adults and 5,200 cm^2^/hr
for toddlers);

DA = dermal absorption factor;

> CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert µg units to mg for the
> daily exposure (0.001 mg/µg); and

BW = body weight (70 kg for adults and 15 kg for toddlers).

*Hand-to-mouth Transfer of Pesticide Residues on Lawns (toddler)*

The approach used to calculate the nondietary ingestion exposures that
are attributable to hand-to-mouth behavior on treated turf is:

*ADD = (TTR~0~ \* SA \* FQ \* ET \* SE \* CF1) / BW*

Where:

> ADD = average daily dose (mg/kg/day);
>
> TTR~t~ = turf transferable residue on day \"0\" (µg/cm^2^); TTR =
> application rate (µg/cm^2^) \* fraction of ai retained on foliage (5%)
> ;

SA = surface area of the hands (20 cm^2^/event);

FQ = frequency of hand-to-mouth activity (20 events/hr);

> ET = exposure time (2 hr/day);

SE = extraction by saliva (50%);

> CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert µg units in the TTR
> value to mg for the daily exposure (0.001 mg/µg); and

BW = body weight (15 kg).

*Object-to-mouth Transfer of Pesticide Residues on Lawns (toddler)*

The approach used to calculate doses that are attributable to
object-to-mouth behavior on treated turf that is represented by a child
mouthing on a handful of turf is:

*ADD = (TTR~0~ \* IgR\* CF1) / BW*

Where:

> ADD = average daily dose (mg/kg/day);
>
> TTR~t~ = turf transferable residue on day \"0\" (µg/cm^2^); TTR =
> application rate (µg/cm^2^) \* fraction of ai retained on foliage
> (20%)
>
> IgR = ingestion rate of grass (25 cm^2^/day);
>
> CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the µg of residues on
> the grass to mg to provide units of mg/day (1E-3 mg/µg); and

BW = body weight (15 kg).

*Incidental Ingestion of Soil from Pesticide-Treated Residential Areas
(toddler)*

The approach used to calculate doses that are attributable to soil
ingestion is:

*ADD = (SR~0~ \* IgR \* CF1) / BW*

Where:

> ADD = average daily dose (mg/kg/day);
>
> SR~0t~ = soil residue on day \"0\" (0.0022 µg/g);
>
> IgR = ingestion rate of soil (100 mg/day);
>
> CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the µg of residues on
> the soil to grams to provide units of mg/day (1E-6 g/µg); and

BW = body weight (15 kg).

and

*SR~t~ = AR \* F \* CF2 \* CF3 \* CF4*

Where:

> AR = application rate (lb ai/acre);
>
> F = fraction of ai available in uppermost cm of soil (1 fraction/cm)
> (100%);
>
> CF2 = volume to weight unit conversion factor to convert the volume
> units (cm^3^) to weight units for the SR value (U.S. EPA, 1992) (0.67
> cm^3^/g soil);
>
> CF3 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface are units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47E-8 acre/cm^2^); and
>
> CF4 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
> application rate to µg (4.54E8 µg/lb).

[Noncancer Risk Summary]{.underline}

*Adults*

Tables 35 - 38 present the postapplication MOE values calculated for
adults after lawn and home garden applications of DMA, CAMA, DSMA and
MSMA. For the lawn and scenarios for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA,
short-term MOEs are \>100 for all scenarios.

+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 35: DMA: Adult   |       |           |           |         |
| Residential Risk         |       |           |           |         |
| Estimates for            |       |           |           |         |
| Postapplication          |       |           |           |         |
| Exposure**               |       |           |           |         |
+==========================+=======+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route | Ap        | Ap        | MOE at  |
|                          | of    | plication | plication | Day 0   |
|                          | Exp   | Type      | Rate      |         |
|                          | osure |           |           |         |
|                          |       |           | (lb       |         |
|                          |       |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf (High   | D     | Spray     | 7.72      | 170     |
| Contact Activities)      | ermal |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                          |       |           | 7.3       | 180     |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf         |       |           | 7.72      | 710     |
| (Mowing)                 |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                          |       |           | 7.3       | 750     |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden              |       |           | 7.72      | 180     |
| (Ornamentals)            |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                          |       |           | 7.3       | 190     |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                   |       |           | 7.72      | 2,400   |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                          |       |           | 7.3       | 2,600   |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 36: CAMA: Adult                                            
  Residential Risk Estimates                                         
  for Postapplication                                                
  Exposure**                                                         
  --------------------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- ---------
  Exposure Scenario           Route of   Formulation   CAMA          MOE at
                              Exposure                 Application   Day 0
                                                       Rate (lb      
                                                       ai/acre)      

  Residential Turf (High      Dermal     Liquid        4.4           980
  Contact Activities)                                                

                                                       3.7           1,200

                                                       2.2           2,000

  Residential Turf (Mowing)                            4.4           4,200

                                                       3.7           5,000

                                                       2.2           8,300

  Home Garden (Ornamentals)                            4.4           1,100

                                                       3.7           1,300

                                                       2.2           2,100

  Golfer                                               4.4           14,000

                                                       3.7           17,000

                                                       2.2           28,000
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 37: DSMA: Adult  |       |           |           |         |
| Residential Risk         |       |           |           |         |
| Estimates for            |       |           |           |         |
| Postapplication          |       |           |           |         |
| Exposure**               |       |           |           |         |
+==========================+=======+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route | Fo        | DSMA      | MOE at  |
|                          | of    | rmulation | Ap        | Day 0   |
|                          | Exp   |           | plication |         |
|                          | osure |           | Rate      |         |
|                          |       |           |           |         |
|                          |       |           | (lb       |         |
|                          |       |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf (High   | D     | Spray     | 2.5       | 1,700   |
| Contact Activities)      | ermal |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf         |       |           | 2.5       | 7,300   |
| (Mowing)                 |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden              |       |           | 2.5       | 1,900   |
| (Ornamentals)            |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                   |       |           | 2.5       | 25,000  |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+

+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 38: MSMA: Adult  |       |           |           |         |
| Residential Risk         |       |           |           |         |
| Estimates for            |       |           |           |         |
| Postapplication          |       |           |           |         |
| Exposure**               |       |           |           |         |
+==========================+=======+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route | Fo        | MSMA      | MOE at  |
|                          | of    | rmulation | Ap        | Day 0   |
|                          | Exp   |           | plication |         |
|                          | osure |           | Rate      |         |
|                          |       |           |           |         |
|                          |       |           | (lb       |         |
|                          |       |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf (High   | D     | Spray     | 3.4       | 1,300   |
| Contact Activities)      | ermal |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf         |       |           | 3.4       | 5,400   |
| (Mowing)                 |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden              |       |           | 3.4       | 1,400   |
| (Ornamentals)            |       |           |           |         |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                   |       |           | 3.4       | 18,000  |
+--------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+---------+

*Youths (11-12 years old)*

Risks (MOEs) to youths were calculated for postapplication activities
following the application of DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA to home lawns.
Tables 39 - 42 summarize the risk assessment for youths. Short-term MOEs
for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA for these youths were \>100 for all
scenarios considered.

+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 39. DMA:       |         |           |           |         |
| Youths Residential     |         |           |           |         |
| Risk Estimates for     |         |           |           |         |
| Postapplication        |         |           |           |         |
| Exposure**             |         |           |           |         |
+========================+=========+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario      | Route   | Fo        | Ap        | MOE at  |
|                        | of      | rmulation | plication | Day 0   |
|                        | E       |           | Rate      |         |
|                        | xposure |           |           |         |
|                        |         |           | (lb       |         |
|                        |         |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf       | Dermal  | Spray     | 7.72      | 400     |
| (Mowing)               |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 7.3       | 420     |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden            |         |           | 7.72      | 410     |
| (Ornamentals)          |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 7.3       | 430     |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                 |         |           | 7.72      | 1,400   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 7.3       | 1,400   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+

+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 40: CAMA:      |         |           |           |         |
| Youths Residential     |         |           |           |         |
| Risk Estimates for     |         |           |           |         |
| Postapplication        |         |           |           |         |
| Exposure**             |         |           |           |         |
+========================+=========+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario      | Route   | Fo        | CAMA      | MOE at  |
|                        | of      | rmulation | Ap        | Day 0   |
|                        | E       |           | plication |         |
|                        | xposure |           | Rate      |         |
|                        |         |           |           |         |
|                        |         |           | (lb       |         |
|                        |         |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf       | Dermal  | Spray     | 4.4       | 2,300   |
| (Mowing)               |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 3.7       | 2,800   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 2.2       | 4,600   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden            |         |           | 4.4       | 2,400   |
| (Ornamentals)          |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 3.7       | 2,800   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 2.2       | 4,800   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                 |         |           | 4.4       | 7,900   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 3.7       | 9,400   |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
|                        |         |           | 2.2       | 16,000  |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+

+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 41: DSMA:      |         |           |           |         |
| Youths Residential     |         |           |           |         |
| Risk Estimates for     |         |           |           |         |
| Postapplication        |         |           |           |         |
| Exposure**             |         |           |           |         |
+========================+=========+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario      | Route   | Fo        | DSMA      | MOE at  |
|                        | of      | rmulation | Ap        | Day 0   |
|                        | E       |           | plication |         |
|                        | xposure |           | Rate      |         |
|                        |         |           |           |         |
|                        |         |           | (lb       |         |
|                        |         |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf       | Dermal  | Spray     | 2.5       | 4,100   |
| (Mowing)               |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden            |         |           | 2.5       | 4,200   |
| (Ornamentals)          |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                 |         |           | 2.5       | 14,000  |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+

+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| **Table 42: MSMA:      |         |           |           |         |
| Youths Residential     |         |           |           |         |
| Risk Estimates for     |         |           |           |         |
| Postapplication        |         |           |           |         |
| Exposure**             |         |           |           |         |
+========================+=========+===========+===========+=========+
| Exposure Scenario      | Route   | Fo        | MSMA      | MOE at  |
|                        | of      | rmulation | Ap        | Day 0   |
|                        | E       |           | plication |         |
|                        | xposure |           | Rate      |         |
|                        |         |           |           |         |
|                        |         |           | (lb       |         |
|                        |         |           | ai/acre)  |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Residential Turf       | Dermal  | Spray     | 3.4       | 3,000   |
| (Mowing)               |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Home Garden            |         |           | 3.4       | 3,100   |
| (Ornamentals)          |         |           |           |         |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+
| Golfer                 |         |           | 3.4       | 10,000  |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------+---------+

*Toddler (3 year old)*

Risks (MOEs) to toddlers were calculated for postapplication risks
following the application of DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA to home lawns.
Tables 43 -- 46 summarize the risk assessment for toddlers. The target
level of concern for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA dermal scenarios and for
CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA incidental oral scenarios is 100 (i.e., MOEs ≥ 100
is not of concern to HED). The target level of concern for DMA
incidental oral scenarios is 30 (i.e., MOEs ≥ 30 is not of concern to
HED), since the endpoint is an BMDL~10~. Short-term incidental oral MOEs
for DMA for toddlers were \<30 for the hand-to-mouth activity and
object-to-mouth activities on turf. Short-term incidental oral MOEs for
incidental soil ingestion of DMA were greater than 30 and not a concern
to HED. Short-term dermal MOEs for DMA were \>100 and were not a concern
to HED. Short-term dermal and incidental oral MOEs for CAMA, DSMA, and
MSMA for toddlers were \>100 for all scenarios considered.

+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
| **Table 43: DMA: Toddler   |        |        |              |       |
| Residential Risk Estimates |        |        |              |       |
| for Postapplication        |        |        |              |       |
| Exposure**                 |        |        |              |       |
+============================+========+========+==============+=======+
| Exposure Scenario          | Route  | Formu  | Application  | MOE   |
|                            | of     | lation | Rate         | \--   |
|                            | Ex     |        |              |       |
|                            | posure |        | (lb ai/A)    | Day 0 |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Residential Turf (High     | Dermal | Spray  | 7.72         | 100   |
| Contact Activities)        |        |        |              |       |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                            |        |        | 7.3          | 110   |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Hand to Mouth Activity on  | Oral   |        | 7.72         | 4     |
| Turf                       |        |        |              |       |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                            |        |        | 7.3          | 4     |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Object to Mouth Activity   |        |        | 7.72         | 15    |
| on Turf                    |        |        |              |       |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                            |        |        | 7.3          | 16    |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Incidental Soil Ingestion  |        |        | 7.72         | 1,100 |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                            |        |        | 7.3          | 1,200 |
+----------------------------+--------+--------+--------------+-------+

[]{.mark}

+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| **Table 44: CAMA:        |          |        |              |       |
| Toddler Residential Risk |          |        |              |       |
| Estimates for            |          |        |              |       |
| Postapplication          |          |        |              |       |
| Exposure**               |          |        |              |       |
+==========================+==========+========+==============+=======+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route of | Formu  | CAMA         | MOE   |
|                          | Exposure | lation |              | \--   |
|                          |          |        | Application  |       |
|                          |          |        | Rate         | Day   |
|                          |          |        |              | 0^b^  |
|                          |          |        | (lb ai/A)    |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Residential Turf (High   | Dermal   | Spray  | 4.4          | 580   |
| Contact Activities)      |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 3.7          | 700   |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 2.2          | 1,200 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Hand to Mouth Activity   | Oral     |        | 4.4          | 110   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 3.7          | 130   |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 2.2          | 210   |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Object to Mouth Activity |          |        | 4.4          | 430   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 3.7          | 510   |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 2.2          | 850   |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Incidental Soil          |          |        | 4.4          | 3     |
| Ingestion                |          |        |              | 2,000 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 3.7          | 3     |
|                          |          |        |              | 8,000 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
|                          |          |        | 2.2          | 6     |
|                          |          |        |              | 4,000 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+

+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| **Table 45: DSMA:        |          |        |              |       |
| Toddler Residential Risk |          |        |              |       |
| Estimates for            |          |        |              |       |
| Postapplication          |          |        |              |       |
| Exposure**               |          |        |              |       |
+==========================+==========+========+==============+=======+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route of | Formu  | DSMA         | MOE   |
|                          | Exposure | lation |              | \--   |
|                          |          |        | Application  |       |
|                          |          |        | Rate         | Day   |
|                          |          |        |              | 0^b^  |
|                          |          |        | (lb ai/A)    |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Residential Turf (High   | Dermal   | Spray  | 2.5          | 1,000 |
| Contact Activities)      |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Hand to Mouth Activity   | Oral     |        | 2.5          | 190   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Object to Mouth Activity |          |        | 2.5          | 750   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Incidental Soil          |          |        | 2.5          | 5     |
| Ingestion                |          |        |              | 6,000 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+

+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| **Table 46: MSMA:        |          |        |              |       |
| Toddler Residential Risk |          |        |              |       |
| Estimates for            |          |        |              |       |
| Postapplication          |          |        |              |       |
| Exposure**               |          |        |              |       |
+==========================+==========+========+==============+=======+
| Exposure Scenario        | Route of | Formu  | MSMA         | MOE   |
|                          | Exposure | lation |              | \--   |
|                          |          |        | Application  |       |
|                          |          |        | Rate         | Day   |
|                          |          |        |              | 0^b^  |
|                          |          |        | (lb ai/A)    |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Residential Turf (High   | Dermal   | Spray  | 3.4          | 760   |
| Contact Activities)      |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Hand to Mouth Activity   | Oral     |        | 3.4          | 140   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Object to Mouth Activity |          |        | 3.4          | 550   |
| on Turf                  |          |        |              |       |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+
| Incidental Soil          |          |        | 3.4          | 4     |
| Ingestion                |          |        |              | 1,000 |
+--------------------------+----------+--------+--------------+-------+

[Combined Risk Assessment for Residential Scenarios]{.underline}

HED combines risk values resulting from separate postapplication
exposure scenarios when it is likely they can occur simultaneously based
on the use-pattern and the behavior associated with the exposed
population. In the case of the DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA the dermal and
incidental oral ingestion toxicological endpoints do not have the same
toxicological effect therefore dermal and oral doses were not
aggregated. An aggregate of incidental oral exposures were combined,
including hand to mouth, object to mouth, and soil ingestion doses for
toddlers. Tables 47 - 50 present a summary of the combined MOE estimates
for DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA, respectively.

The combined risk assessment for exposures to toddlers following home
lawn applications was calculated:

Combined MOE = NOAEL/(ADD~hand-to-mouth~ + ADD~object-to-mouth~ +
ADD~incidental\ soil\ ingestion~*)*

Calculated aggregated risks to toddlers (i.e., hand to mouth activity,
object to mouth activity on treated turf plus incidental soil ingestion
of pesticide residue from treated turf areas) are of concern for
applications of DMA at both application rates and for CAMA at the
highest application rate of 4.4 lb ai/acre. The target level of concern
for DMA incidental oral scenarios is 30 (i.e., MOE ≥ 30 is not of
concern to HED), since the endpoint is a BMDL~10~. The aggregated risks
from DMA treatment at both application rates are of concern, with MOEs
of 3 for both use rates. The target level of concern for incidental
ingestion scenarios for CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA is 100 (i.e., MOE ≥ 100 is
not of concern to HED.) A postapplication aggregated MOE of 85 was
determined when assessing risks following treatment with CAMA at 4.4 lb
ai/acre. Application at the two lower use rates for CAMA resulted in
MOEs which were above the level of concern. Aggregate MOEs calculated
for DSMA and MSMA were above the target level of 100.

+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **T  |                 |            |                    |          |
| able |                 |            |                    |          |
| 47:  |                 |            |                    |          |
| DMA: |                 |            |                    |          |
| Res  |                 |            |                    |          |
| iden |                 |            |                    |          |
| tial |                 |            |                    |          |
| S    |                 |            |                    |          |
| cena |                 |            |                    |          |
| rios |                 |            |                    |          |
| for  |                 |            |                    |          |
| Comb |                 |            |                    |          |
| ined |                 |            |                    |          |
| Risk |                 |            |                    |          |
| Est  |                 |            |                    |          |
| imat |                 |            |                    |          |
| es - |                 |            |                    |          |
| To   |                 |            |                    |          |
| ddle |                 |            |                    |          |
| rs** |                 |            |                    |          |
+======+=================+============+====================+==========+
| Pos  |                 |            | Margins of         |          |
| tapp |                 |            | Exposure (MOEs)    |          |
| lica |                 |            |                    |          |
| tion |                 |            |                    |          |
| Expo |                 |            |                    |          |
| sure |                 |            |                    |          |
| Scen |                 |            |                    |          |
| ario |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 |            | Short-Term         | Total    |
|      |                 |            |                    | Non      |
|      |                 |            | (Non-Dietary)      | -Dietary |
|      |                 |            |                    | Risk     |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **Tu |                 |            |                    |          |
| rf** |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| Tod  | Turf            | Hand to    | 4                  | 3        |
| dler |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (7.72 lb        |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 15                 |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 1,100              |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      | Turf            | Hand to    | 4                  | 3        |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (7.3 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 16                 |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 1,200              |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+

+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **T  |                 |            |                    |          |
| able |                 |            |                    |          |
| 48:  |                 |            |                    |          |
| C    |                 |            |                    |          |
| AMA: |                 |            |                    |          |
| Res  |                 |            |                    |          |
| iden |                 |            |                    |          |
| tial |                 |            |                    |          |
| S    |                 |            |                    |          |
| cena |                 |            |                    |          |
| rios |                 |            |                    |          |
| for  |                 |            |                    |          |
| Comb |                 |            |                    |          |
| ined |                 |            |                    |          |
| Risk |                 |            |                    |          |
| Est  |                 |            |                    |          |
| imat |                 |            |                    |          |
| es - |                 |            |                    |          |
| To   |                 |            |                    |          |
| ddle |                 |            |                    |          |
| rs** |                 |            |                    |          |
+======+=================+============+====================+==========+
| Pos  |                 |            | Margins of         |          |
| tapp |                 |            | Exposure (MOEs)    |          |
| lica |                 |            |                    |          |
| tion |                 |            | (UF=100)           |          |
| Expo |                 |            |                    |          |
| sure |                 |            |                    |          |
| Scen |                 |            |                    |          |
| ario |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 |            | Short-Term         | Total    |
|      |                 |            |                    | Non      |
|      |                 |            | (Non-Dietary)      | -Dietary |
|      |                 |            |                    | Risk     |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **Tu |                 |            |                    |          |
| rf** |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| Tod  | Turf            | Hand to    | 110                | 85       |
| dler |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (4.4 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 430                |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 32,000             |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      | Turf            | Hand to    | 130                | 101      |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (3.7 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 510                |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 38,000             |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      | Turf            | Hand to    | 210                | 170      |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (2.2 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 850                |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 64,000             |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+

+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **T  |                 |            |                    |          |
| able |                 |            |                    |          |
| 49:  |                 |            |                    |          |
| D    |                 |            |                    |          |
| SMA: |                 |            |                    |          |
| Res  |                 |            |                    |          |
| iden |                 |            |                    |          |
| tial |                 |            |                    |          |
| S    |                 |            |                    |          |
| cena |                 |            |                    |          |
| rios |                 |            |                    |          |
| for  |                 |            |                    |          |
| Comb |                 |            |                    |          |
| ined |                 |            |                    |          |
| Risk |                 |            |                    |          |
| Est  |                 |            |                    |          |
| imat |                 |            |                    |          |
| es - |                 |            |                    |          |
| To   |                 |            |                    |          |
| ddle |                 |            |                    |          |
| rs** |                 |            |                    |          |
+======+=================+============+====================+==========+
| Pos  |                 |            | Margins of         |          |
| tapp |                 |            | Exposure (MOEs)    |          |
| lica |                 |            |                    |          |
| tion |                 |            | (UF=100)           |          |
| Expo |                 |            |                    |          |
| sure |                 |            |                    |          |
| Scen |                 |            |                    |          |
| ario |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 |            | Short-Term         | Total    |
|      |                 |            |                    | Non      |
|      |                 |            | (Non-Dietary)      | -Dietary |
|      |                 |            |                    | Risk     |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **Tu |                 |            |                    |          |
| rf** |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| Tod  | Turf            | Hand to    | 190                | 149      |
| dler |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (2.5 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 750                |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 56,000             |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+

+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **T  |                 |            |                    |          |
| able |                 |            |                    |          |
| 50:  |                 |            |                    |          |
| M    |                 |            |                    |          |
| SMA: |                 |            |                    |          |
| Res  |                 |            |                    |          |
| iden |                 |            |                    |          |
| tial |                 |            |                    |          |
| S    |                 |            |                    |          |
| cena |                 |            |                    |          |
| rios |                 |            |                    |          |
| for  |                 |            |                    |          |
| Comb |                 |            |                    |          |
| ined |                 |            |                    |          |
| Risk |                 |            |                    |          |
| Est  |                 |            |                    |          |
| imat |                 |            |                    |          |
| es - |                 |            |                    |          |
| To   |                 |            |                    |          |
| ddle |                 |            |                    |          |
| rs** |                 |            |                    |          |
+======+=================+============+====================+==========+
| Pos  |                 |            | Margins of         |          |
| tapp |                 |            | Exposure (MOEs)    |          |
| lica |                 |            |                    |          |
| tion |                 |            | (UF=100)           |          |
| Expo |                 |            |                    |          |
| sure |                 |            |                    |          |
| Scen |                 |            |                    |          |
| ario |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 |            | Short-Term Oral    | Total    |
|      |                 |            |                    | Non      |
|      |                 |            | (Non-Dietary)      | -Dietary |
|      |                 |            |                    | Risk     |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| **Tu |                 |            |                    |          |
| rf** |                 |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
| Tod  | Turf            | Hand to    | 140                | 110      |
| dler |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
|      | (3.4 lb         |            |                    |          |
|      | ai/acre)        |            |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Object to  | 550                |          |
|      |                 | Mouth      |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+
|      |                 | Incidental | 41,000             |          |
|      |                 | Soil       |                    |          |
|      |                 | Ingestion  |                    |          |
+------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+----------+

### 3.2.4 Residential Postapplication Exposure Characterization

HED considered a number of exposure scenarios for products that can be
used in the residential environment representing different segments of
the population including toddlers, youth-aged children, and adults.
Short-term noncancer MOEs were calculated for all scenarios. Cancer
risks were not calculated, since no toxicological endpoint for cancer
was selected. In residential settings, HED does not use restricted-entry
intervals or other mitigation approaches to limit postapplication
exposures, because they are viewed as impractical and not enforceable.
As such, risk estimates on the day of application are the key concern.

In the assessment for residential postapplication exposure and risk,
there are risks of concern for DMA and CAMA, as they are currently used
in a residential environment. HED would like to characterize the DMA
results in that DMA is typically used in residential settings as a lawn
edger. DMA can also be used in lawn renovation. HED believes a
conservative estimate for the use of DMA in lawn renovation is that this
may occur once every seven years. According to the DMA labels for lawn
renovation, complete browning of the grass should occur within 5-7 days,
after application. Exposure is assumed to occur over the seven days it
takes for the grass to turn brown.

In order to refine this residential assessment, data on actual use
patterns including rates, timing, and the kinds of tasks performed are
required to better characterize DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA risks.

#### 

###  3.2.5 Residential Postapplication Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic

The Federal Government and most states have established limits and/or
screening levels for "total arsenic" (unspeciated) exposure from a
variety of sources; drinking water, air, and soil. Typically in
monitoring programs, arsenic is measured and reported as total arsenic,
regardless of what species, or mixture of species, may be present, or
what the source is. These limits or screening levels are established
based on risks (cancer) from exposure to iAs and technically feasible
clean-up levels. As mentioned previously, the differing species (DMA,
MMA, iAs) of arsenic have dissimilar toxicities and target organs; iAs
being the most toxic. An extensive review of the literature, as well as
limited speciated monitoring data, have shown that exposure to iAs can
occur from the registered uses of the organic arsenics and background
residues, given time and under environmental conditions that favor the
transformation to iAs. In some media (food, water, soil) and in some
parts of the United States, the likelihood of exposure to iAs is higher
than in others. Under FQPA, the Agency is required to consider all
potential sources of exposure to the organic arsenics, and their
metabolites and/or transformation products. Since the limits and/or
screening levels are established for total arsenic (all species
included) and there is potential for transformation and exposure to iAs
from the registered uses of the organic arsenics, an analysis for
potential risks from exposure to iAs was performed, which included a
comparison of estimated exposures from registered uses to existing
regulatory limits or screening levels.

The active ingredients DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA are all organic species
of arsenic. Since inorganic arsenic is an element, it is not subject to
biological or chemical degradation in the environment. CAMA, DSMA, and
MSMA are salts of MMA and quickly covert to MMA when mixed in water
before application. Following application, under certain conditions, MMA
converts to DMA and/or to iAs. Similarly, following application, under
certain conditions, DMA converts to iAs. Data available to date indicate
that MMA and DMA are stable in the environment when they remain on the
outside of the treated foliage of plants. They transform to other
species in the environment only when inside a plant or in the soil,
suggesting microbial or enzymatic involvement. Therefore, for the
purposes of HED's assessment of occupational and residential
postapplication exposures and risks, the dermal and incidental oral
exposures to foliar surfaces are conducted using the form that was
applied (i.e., MMA when CAMA, DSMA, or MSMA was applied or DMA when DMA
was applied). Postapplication inhalation exposures are not a concern due
to the low vapor pressure of the organic and inorganic forms and the
infinite dilution in outdoor environments.

HED must consider the possible in-soil conversion of MMA to DMA or to
iAs and the possible conversion of DMA to iAs to appropriately assess
the range of potential risks from postapplication dermal exposures to
the soil (i.e., in harvesting/transplanting sod or lawn renovation) and
from postapplication incidental oral exposures to toddlers ingesting
soil. Several factors appear to influence the conversion of organic
arsenic to the inorganic form in soil, including soil organic matter,
soil moisture, soil temperature and the concentration and species of the
arsenic in the soil.

HED generally assumes a degradation curve where the pesticide residues
degrade over time to nontoxic byproducts when assessing postapplication
exposure and risk. However, with the organic arsenical herbicides, the
metabolites, when formed, may be more toxic than the initial residue
(i.e., iAs is more toxic than DMA and MMA). Also, for most pesticides,
residues typically degrade over time to nondetectable levels. However,
arsenic in its inorganic form does not degrade and evidence indicates
that it may build up in soil over time as applications are repeated.

For postapplication dermal exposures and incidental ingestion of soil,
HED is concerned both about the build up of arsenicals in the soil (of
any species) and the possible transformation in soil to more toxic
forms. At this time, because of the dynamic and variable nature of
transformation, HED does not have sufficient data to estimate either the
percent of conversion from one form of arsenic to another (i.e., from a
less toxic to more toxic form) or the amount of time necessary for the
conversion to take place. Consequently, it is not possible at this time
to perform a refined quantitative risk assessment from from soil treated
repeatedly with organic arsenical herbicides. HED notes that incidental
ingestion of soil by toddlers results in risks not of concern when
assessed for exposures following a single application of either MMA or
DMA. Even assuming that all residues from four applications per year
(maximum allowed) converted to iAs in the soil were 100% bioavailable
from the soil -- both very conservative assumptions -- the risks would
not be a concern when compared to dermal and incidental oral endpoints
established for iAs by EPA/OPP's Antimicrobial Division (*Chen 2001*).
However, the potential risks to toddlers incidentally ingesting soil
from an area that had been treated with compounds that transformed to
iAs for several years **might be a concern**, depending on the amount of
arsenic that remained on-site (versus runoff or leaching) and the degree
of conversion to the more toxic iAs that had occurred. Likewise, the
risks to adults dermally exposed while performing tasks involving high
contact with the soil, such as turf transplanting or harvesting, would
not be a concern assuming established soil adherence factors for dermal
exposures, and that all residues from four applications per year
(maximum allowed) converted to iAs in the soil and were 100 percent
bioavailable from the soil. However, the risks to adults contacting soil
from an area that had been treated with compounds that transformed to
iAs for several years **might be a concern**, depending on the amount of
arsenic that remained on-site (versus runoff or leaching) and the degree
of conversion to the more toxic iAs that has occurred.

HED has also attempted to estimate arsenic levels in soil and then
compare these values to the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response's (OSWER) arsenic soil screening levels (SSLs). SSLs are not
national clean-up standards and SSLs alone do not define "unacceptable"
levels of contaminants in soil. Screening refers to the process of
identifying and defining areas, contaminants, and conditions, at a
particular site that do not require further Federal attention.
Generally, at sites where contaminant concentrations fall below SSLs, no
further action or study is warranted under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA),
commonly known as \"Superfund.\" When contaminant concentrations equal
or exceed SSLs, further study or investigation, but not necessarily
clean-up, is warranted. Detailed information on SSLs is available at:
<http://www.epa.gov/superfund/resources/soil>.

The SSL for **total arsenic** (unspeciated) is 0.4 ppm. State cleanup
levels for total arsenic vary by state and site from 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm
depending on land use (i.e., residential, industrial, agricultural,
recreational), background level, and other factors. The arsenic SSL is
based on a value that corresponds to a 10^-6^ excess risk level using
the iAs cancer slope factor. This "target" hazard quotient is used to
calculate the 0.4 ppm total arsenic soil screening level, below which,
it is unlikely that sensitive populations will experience adverse health
effects resulting from exposure to total arsenic.

In order to estimate arsenic levels in soil, HED assumed that all
residues from an application of either MMA or DMA converted to iAs and
were 100% bioavailable from the soil (both very conservative
assumptions). In all cases, after one application, the arsenic **levels
in soil exceeded the 0.4 ppm SSL for total arsenic**. HED believes the
possibility of exceeding the arsenic SSL would increase with the number
of arsenic applications as arsenic in its inorganic form does not
degrade and evidence indicates that it may build up in soil overtime as
applications are repeated. More detailed information regarding arsenic
transformation, mobility, and soil buildup can be found in *Moore 2006*.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307630 .anchor}**3.2.6 Residential
Postapplication Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cancer**

Residential postapplication cancer risks were not assessed for DMA,
CAMA, DSMA, or MSMA because no cancer endpoints of concern were
identified.

[]{.mark}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307631 .anchor}**3.2.7 Summary of Residential
Postapplication Risk Concerns and Data Gaps []{.mark}**

HED considered a number of exposure scenarios for products that can be
used in the residential environment representing different segments of
the population including toddlers, youth-aged children, and adults.
Short-term noncancer MOEs were calculated for all scenarios. Cancer
risks were not calculated, since no toxicological endpoint for cancer
was selected. In residential settings, HED does not use restricted-entry
intervals or other mitigation approaches to limit postapplication
exposures, because they are viewed as impractical and not enforceable.
As such, risk estimates on the day of application are the key concern.

In the assessment for residential postapplication exposure and risk,
there are a few risk concerns for DMA and CAMA as they are currently
used in a residential environment.

[]{.mark}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc131307632 .anchor}**3.2.8 Recommendations for
Refining Residential Postapplication Risk Assessments []{.mark}**

[]{.mark}

In order to refine this residential assessment, data on actual use
patterns including rates, timing, and the kinds of tasks performed are
required to better characterize DMA, CAMA, DSMA, and MSMA risks.

**References**

Arnold et al., 1999.

Franzblau, A. and Lilis, R. 1989. Acute Arsenic Intoxication from
Environmental Arsenic

Exposure. Archives of Envir. Health 44(6). 385-390. MRID 45496802.

Mizuta, N, Mizuta, et al. 1956. An Outbreak of Acute Arsenic Poisoning
Caused by Arsenic

Containing Soy-Sauce (Shoyu). A Clinical Report of 220 Cases. Bull
Yamaguchi Med Sch

4(2-3):131-149. MRID 45496803.

U.S. EPA 1996. *Non-Dietary Cancer Risk Policy*. Daniel Brown. August
14, 1996.

U.S. EPA 1997. Draft Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for
Residential Exposure Assessments. December 1997 with revisions stated in
Overview of Issues Related to The Standard Operating Procedures for
Residential Exposure Assessments. Presented to the FIFRA Scientific
Advisory Panel on September 21, 1999.

U.S. EPA 1998. PHED Surrogate Exposure Guide. Version 1.1. Health
Effects Division,

Office of Pesticide Programs, August 1998.

U.S. EPA 1999a. *Cacodylic Acid: Hazard Identification Committee
Report*. June 10, 1999.

U.S. EPA 1999b. *Cacodylic Acid - Ad Hoc Meeting of the Cancer
Assessment Review Committee*. December 14, 1999.

U.S. EPA 2000. *FQPA Committee memo on Cacodylic Acid*. January 5, 2000.

U.S. EPA. 2001. Inorganic Arsenic Report of the Hazard Identification
Assessment Review Committee. August 21, 2001.

# Appendix A \--

# DMA Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="16"><strong>Table A1. DMA Occupational Dermal Exposures and
Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of DMA<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Area Treated Daily<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(acres)</p></th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Unit Exposures (mg/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal MOE<sup>g</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>c</sup></th>
<th><p>PPE-w/</p>
<p>Gloves<sup>d</sup></p></th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves<sup>e</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial
Applications (1a)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.32</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>950</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2500</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.087</td>
<td>0.044</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2500</td>
<td>3400</td>
<td>6800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom
Applications (1b)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>6.6</td>
<td>0.053</td>
<td>0.039</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>7700</td>
<td>15000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.015</td>
<td>0.0074</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.096</td>
<td>0.049</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>6200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO
Handgun Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>0.095</td>
<td>9.4</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>3200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way
(1d)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.072</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>4200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4400</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.026</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>12000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.032</td>
<td>0.032</td>
<td>0.025</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.012</td>
<td>0.012</td>
<td>0.0094</td>
<td>0.0043</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td>70000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.052</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>5800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.079</td>
<td>0.079</td>
<td>0.062</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>4800</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4) </td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>0.099</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6) </td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>Not applicable</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.044</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.00088</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>7500</td>
<td>340000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (preconditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>Not applicable</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.015</td>
<td>0.00033</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>20000</td>
<td>910000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low
Pressure Handwand (ORETF) (7)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>8.3</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with a
Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data) (8)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.16</td>
<td>0.087</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1900</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2200</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2300</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger-Pump Sprayer (ORETF)
(9)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.0043</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>70000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquids with a Watering Can
(using ORETF residential hose-end data) (11)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>0.00018</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.026</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DMA

b Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres or gallons or
other area/amount treated per day based on industry sources and HED
estimates.

c Baseline is long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, socks and no gloves
and no respirator

d Single layer w/gloves is baseline attire plus chemical-resistant
gloves.

e Double layer w/gloves is coveralls worn over long-sleeve shirt and
long pants, plus chemical-resistant gloves.

f Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system, enclosed cab, or
enclosed cockpit.

g Dermal MOE = NOAEL (300 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="16"><strong>Table A2. DMA Occupational Inhalation Exposures
and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of DMA<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Area Treated Daily<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(acres)</p></th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Unit Exposures (ug/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation MOE<sup>g</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>c</sup></th>
<th>80% PPE-R<sup>d</sup></th>
<th>90% PPE-R<sup>e</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial
Applications (1a)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.016</td>
<td>0.0033</td>
<td>0.0016</td>
<td>0.0011</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2700</td>
<td>3800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0062</td>
<td>0.0012</td>
<td>0.00062</td>
<td>0.00043</td>
<td>710</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>7100</td>
<td>10000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom
Applications (1b) </td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0027</td>
<td>0.00055</td>
<td>0.00027</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>8000</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>23000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.001</td>
<td>0.00021</td>
<td>0.0001</td>
<td>0.000071</td>
<td>4300</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>43000</td>
<td>62000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.013</td>
<td>0.0025</td>
<td>0.0013</td>
<td>0.00087</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>5100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0068</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00068</td>
<td>0.00047</td>
<td>640</td>
<td>3200</td>
<td>6400</td>
<td>9300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO
Handgun Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c) </td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.013</td>
<td>0.0026</td>
<td>0.0013</td>
<td>0.00092</td>
<td>330</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>4800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.013</td>
<td>0.0025</td>
<td>0.0013</td>
<td>0.00087</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>5100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way
(1d)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.002</td>
<td>0.001</td>
<td>0.00069</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>2200</td>
<td>4400</td>
<td>6300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="6"><p>Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</p>
<p>Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.068</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.00093</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4700</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.068</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.00035</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>0.00034</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>0.000098</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>45000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.00063</td>
<td>0.00013</td>
<td>0.000063</td>
<td>0.000037</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>35000</td>
<td>69000</td>
<td>120000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0077</td>
<td>0.0015</td>
<td>0.00077</td>
<td>0.00045</td>
<td>570</td>
<td>2800</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>9800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0042</td>
<td>0.00084</td>
<td>0.00042</td>
<td>0.00024</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>5200</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00077</td>
<td>0.00015</td>
<td>0.00077</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>57000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00073</td>
<td>0.00015</td>
<td>0.00073</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>6000</td>
<td>30000</td>
<td>60000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>0.0065</td>
<td>0.0033</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton (defoliation)</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00014</td>
<td>0.000028</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (pre-conditioning for defoliation)</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.00053</td>
<td>0.00011</td>
<td>0.000053</td>
<td>0.000011</td>
<td>8300</td>
<td>42000</td>
<td>83000</td>
<td>420000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="16"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low
Pressure Handwand (ORETF) (7)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00096</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>0.000096</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.0015</td>
<td>0.0003</td>
<td>0.00015</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>29000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00014</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00014</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with a
Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data) (8)</td>
<td>Non-bearing citrus orchards</td>
<td>4.96</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00064</td>
<td>0.00013</td>
<td>0.000064</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>69000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00099</td>
<td>0.0002</td>
<td>0.000099</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>4400</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>44000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00094</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>0.000094</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00094</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>0.000094</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger-Pump Sprayer (ORETF)
(9)</td>
<td>Non-crop</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.000045</td>
<td>0.0000091</td>
<td>0.0000045</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>96000</td>
<td>480000</td>
<td>960000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquids with a Watering Can
(using ORETF residential hose-end data) (11) </td>
<td>Lawn edging</td>
<td>0.00018</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.000043</td>
<td>0.0000086</td>
<td>0.0000043</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>510000</td>
<td>1000000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn renovation</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.000041</td>
<td>0.0000081</td>
<td>0.0000041</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>110000</td>
<td>540000</td>
<td>1100000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DMA

b Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, miles, or
feet treated per day based on industry sources and HED estimates.

c Baseline is no respirator

d 80% Respirator is quarter-face dust/mist respirator (that provides an
80% protection factor).

e 90% Respirator is half-face dust/mist respirator (that provides a 90%
protection factor).

f Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system or enclosed
cockpit.

g Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult)

# Appendix B --

# DMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table B1. DMA Residential                                                                                                                  
  Handler Exposures and Risks**                                                                                                                
  ----------------------------- ------------ ------------- ---------- ----------------- --------------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------------
  Exposure Scenario             Crop or      Application   Area       Baseline Unit                     Baseline Dose              Baseline    
                                Target       Rate^a^ (lb   Treated    Exposure                          (mg/kg/day)                MOE         
                                             ai/acre)      Daily^b^                                                                            
                                                           (lb                                                                                 
                                                           ai/acre)                                                                            

                                                                      Dermal^c^(mg/lb   Inhalation^d^   Dermal        Inhalation   Dermal^e^   Inhalation^f^
                                                                      ai)               (ug/lb ai)                                             

  **Mixer/Loader/Applicator**                                                                                                                  

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       Lawn edging  7.72          0.5        38                2.7             2.1           0.00015      140         29000
  Liquid Concentrates with Low                                                                                                                 
  Pressure Handwand                                                                                                                            
  (ORETF\--gardens) (1)                                                                                                                        

                                Lawn         7.3           0.5        38                2.7             2             0.00014      150         31000
                                renovation                                                                                                     

                                Non-crop     7.3           0.5        38                2.7             2             0.00014      150         31000

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       Lawn edging  7.72          0.5        11                17              0.61          0.00094      490         4700
  Liquid Concentrates with                                                                                                                     
  Hose-End Sprayer (Residential                                                                                                                
  ORETF data) (2)                                                                                                                              

                                Lawn         7.3           0.5        11                17              0.57          0.00089      520         4900
                                renovation                                                                                                     

                                Non-crop     7.3           0.5        11                17              0.57          0.00089      520         4900

  Loading/Applying Liquid       Lawn edging  7.72          0.5        2.6               11              0.14          0.00061      2100        7200
  Concentrates with RTU                                                                                                                        
  Hose-End Sprayer (Residential                                                                                                                
  ORETF data) (3)                                                                                                                              

                                Lawn         7.3           0.5        2.6               11              0.14          0.00057      2200        7600
                                renovation                                                                                                     

                                Non-crop     7.3           0.5        2.6               11              0.14          0.00057      2200        7600

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       Lawn edging  0.00018       1000       11                16              0.028         0.000041     11000       110000
  Liquid Concentrates with a                                                                                                                   
  Watering Can (using ORETF                                                                                                                    
  residential hose-end data)                                                                                                                   
  (4)                                                                                                                                          

                                Lawn         0.00017       1000       11                16              0.026         0.000038     11000       110000
                                renovation                                                                                                     

  Applying Ready to Use         Lawn edging  0.00018       1000       13.5              123             0.034         0.00031      8800        14000
  Formulations via Trigger-Pump                                                                                                                
  Sprayer (using Propoxur                                                                                                                      
  study) (5)                                                                                                                                   

                                Lawn         0.00017       1000       13.5              123             0.032         0.00029      9300        15000
                                renovation                                                                                                     

                                Non-crop     0.00017       1000       13.5              123             0.032         0.00029      9300        15000

  Applying Ready to Use         Lawn edging  0.00018       1000       54                19              0.14          0.000048     2200        91000
  Formulations via Trigger-Pump                                                                                                                
  Sprayer (ORETF) (6)                                                                                                                          

                                Lawn         0.00017       1000       54                19              0.13          0.000045     2300        96000
                                renovation                                                                                                     

                                Non-crop     0.00017       1000       54                19              0.13          0.000045     2300        96000
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for cacodylic acid

b Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, square feet,
or gallons applied based on the Standard Operating Procedures for
Residential Assessments, industry sources, and HED estimates.

c Baseline Dermal is short-sleeve shirt, short pants, shoes, socks and
no gloves

d Baseline Inhalation: no respirator.

e Dermal MOE = NOAEL (300 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day x dermal absorption factor /­ body weight (70 kg
adult).

f Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

# Appendix C -- 

# DMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Table C1 - Oral Exposure from Hand-to-Mouth
Activity on DMA Treated Turf</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Exposure Scenario</td>
<td>Formulation</td>
<td>Application Rate (lb ai/acre)</td>
<td><p>Fraction AI</p>
<p>Transferable</p></td>
<td>Surface area of hands (cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
<td>Exposure Frequency (events/hr)</td>
<td>Saliva Extraction Factor</td>
<td>Exposure Time (hrs/day)</td>
<td>Body Weight (kg)</td>
<td>Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day)</td>
<td>Incidental Oral MOE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Hand to Mouth</td>
<td rowspan="2">Spray</td>
<td>7.72</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.115</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>7.3</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.109</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Average Daily Oral Dose Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x
SA~hand~ (cm^2^) x EXT x FQ(events/hr) x ET(hrs/day)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> R~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> SA~hand~ = surface area of 1 to 3 fingers (cm^2^)
>
> EXT = extraction rate by saliva (%)
>
> FQ = frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hour)
>
> ET = exposure duration (hours/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - The fraction of residue transferable from turf is 5%
>
> SA - The surface area of 1 to 3 fingers is 20 cm^2^
>
> FQ - The frequency of hand-to-mouth events is 20 events per hour
>
> EXT - The extraction rate by saliva is 50%.

ET - The time spent outdoors is 2 hours/day

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| *      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| *Table |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| C2 -   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Oral   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Ex     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| posure |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| from   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mo     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| uthing |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| DMA    |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| T      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| reated |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Turf** |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Ex     | For  | Appl    | Fra   | Body | S      | A      | Inc     |
| posure | mula | ication | ction | We   | urface | verage | idental |
| Sc     | tion | Rate    | AI    | ight | area   | Daily  | Oral    |
| enario |      | (lb     |       | (kg) | of     | Oral   | MOE     |
|        |      | a       | Tr    |      | turf   | Dose   |         |
|        |      | i/acre) | ansfe |      | m      | (mg/k  |         |
|        |      |         | rable |      | outhed | g/day) |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | (      |        |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | cm^2^) |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Object | S    | 7.72    | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.029  | 15      |
| to     | pray |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mouth  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| (Tier  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| 3)     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
|        |      | 7.3     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.027  | 16      |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+

Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F x SA
(cm^2^)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)

F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)

> SA = surface area of turf mouthed (cm^2^/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> SA - The surface area of turf mouthed is 25 cm^2^/day

F - The fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 20%

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------
  **Table C3 -                                                                                       
  Oral Exposure                                                                                      
  to DMA from                                                                                        
  Incidental                                                                                         
  Soil                                                                                               
  Ingestion**                                                                                        

  Exposure      Formulation   Application   \% of rate  Ingestion   Body     Soil      Average Daily Incidental
  Scenario                    Rate (lb      in          Rate        Weight   Residue   Dose          Oral MOE
                              ai/acre)      uppermost 1 (mg/day)    (kg)     (ug/g)    (mg/kg/day)   
                                            cm of soil                                               

  Soil          Spray         7.72          100%        100         15       58.0      0.00039       1,100
  Ingestion                                                                                          

                              7.3           100%        100         15       54.8      0.00037       1,200
  ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------

Average Daily Oral Dose = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F (cm) x IgR(mg/day) x SDF
(cm^3^/mg)]{.underline}

> BW (kg)
>
> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil (%) (note:
> this is an adjustment from surface area to volume)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per microgram of
soil;

> IgR = ingestion rate of soil (mg/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil is 100
> percent based on soil incorporation into top 1 cm of soil after
> application (1.0/cm)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per gram of soil;
to weight 6.7 x 10^-4^ cm^3^/mg soil)

IgR - ingestion rate of soil is 100 mg/day

BW - body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  ------------- ------------- --------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- --------
  **Table C4.                                                                                               
  Dermal                                                                                                    
  Exposure from                                                                                             
  DMA Treated                                                                                               
  Turfgrass**                                                                                               

  Exposure      Formulation   Age Group Application   Default        Hours of   Transfer      Absorbed      Dermal
  Scenario                    Exposed   Rate (lb      transferable   Exposure   Coefficient   Dermal Dose   MOE
                                        ai/acre)      residue (%)               (cm2/hr)      (mg/kg/day)   

  High Contact  Spray         Adult     7.72          5%             2          14,500        1.8           170
  Lawn                                                                                                      
  Activities                                                                                                

                                        7.3                                                   1.7           180

                              Toddler   7.72                                    5,200         3             100

                                        7.3                                                   2.8           110

  Mowing Turf   Spray         Adult     7.72          5%             2          3400          0.42          710

                                        7.3                                                   0.4           750

                              Youths    7.72                                                  0.75          400
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        7.3                                                   0.71          420

  Gardening     Spray         Adult     7.72          20%            0.67       10,000        1.7           180

                                        7.3                                                   1.6           190

                              Youths    7.72                         0.33       5,000         0.73          410
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        7.3                                                   0.69          430

  Golfer        Spray         Adult     7.72          5%             4          500           0.12          2,400

                                        7.3                                                   0.12          2,600

                              Youths    7.72                                                  0.22          1,400
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        7.3                                                   0.21          1,400
  ------------- ------------- --------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- --------

Average Daily Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day) = [TTR (mg/cm^2^) x TC (cm^2^/hr)
x ET (hr/day) x DA (%)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:

ADDD = Dermal exposure at on day of application attributable for
activity in a previously treated area (mg/kg/day)

> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> TC = Transfer Coefficient (cm^2^/hour);
>
> ET = Exposure Time (hours/day);
>
> DA = Dermal Absorption (5); and
>
> BW = Body Weight (kg)

Assumptions:

> F - fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 5%;
> dislodgeable from garden foliage is 20%;
>
> TC - The assumed transfer coefficients (TCs) for adults and children
> performing short-term high contact activities on treated turf are
> 14,500 and 5,200 cm~2~/hour, respectively. The assumed transfer
> coefficients (TCs) for adults and children performing short-term high
> contact activities in treated gardens are 10,000 and 5,000 200
> cm~2~/hour, respectively. Golfing, mowing and other low contact
> activities were assumed to have a TC of 500 cm~2~/hour.

ET - exposure time for high contact activities on residential lawns is 2
hours; exposure time for adults and children while

> gardening are 0.67 and 0.33 hours, respectively.; exposure time while
> golfing is 4 hours.

DA - Dermal absorption is 30%

BW - body weight for a toddler is 15 kg; for a youth is 39 kg; for an
adult is 70 kg.

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
(acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| *      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| *Table |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| C5 --  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Co     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| mbined |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| DMA    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Inci   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| dental |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Oral   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| To     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| ddlers |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| from   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Pos    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| tappli |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| cation |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| T      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| reated |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf** |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ex     | Appli  | Appli  | Hand   | Object | Soil   | Co     | Co     |
| posure | cation | cation | to     | to     | Ing    | mbined | mbined |
| Sc     | Type   | Rate   | Mouth  | Mouth  | estion | A      | Inci   |
| enario |        | (lb    | A      | A      | A      | verage | dental |
|        |        | ai     | verage | verage | verage | Daily  | Oral   |
|        |        | /acre) | Daily  | Daily  | Daily  | Oral   | MOE    |
|        |        |        | Oral   | Oral   | Oral   | Dose   |        |
|        |        |        | Dose   | Dose   | Dose   |        |        |
|        |        |        | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  |        |
|        |        |        | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| T      | Spray  | 7.72   | 0.115  | 0.029  | 0      | 0.145  | 3      |
| oddler |        |        |        |        | .00039 |        |        |
| on     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|        |        | 7.3    | 0.109  | 0.027  | 0      | 0.137  | 3      |
|        |        |        |        |        | .00037 |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# Appendix D -- 

# CAMA Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="17"><strong>Table D1. CAMA Dermal Occupational Handler
Exposures and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of CAMA<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MAA<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Unit Exposures (mg/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal MOE<sup>h</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>d</sup></th>
<th><p>PPE-w/</p>
<p>Gloves<sup>e</sup></p></th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>g</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications (1)</p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>0.058</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.022</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>46000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>6.1</td>
<td>0.048</td>
<td>0.036</td>
<td>0.018</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>55000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>35000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td>92000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun Applications
(mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1b)</p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.089</td>
<td>0.045</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>8300</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>22000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>9.1</td>
<td>0.072</td>
<td>0.053</td>
<td>0.027</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>37000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Applicator</strong> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>0.013</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>36000</td>
<td>80000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>43000</td>
<td>95000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.018</td>
<td>0.018</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.0063</td>
<td>57000</td>
<td>57000</td>
<td>72000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9400</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.089</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>20000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.053</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>33000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(4) </p></td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.077</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>7100</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.064</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>8500</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.071</td>
<td>0.039</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for CAMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of CAMA \* Application Rate of
CAMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres or gallons or
other area/amount treated per day based on industry sources and HED
estimates.

d Baseline is long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, socks and no gloves
and no respirator

e Single layer w/gloves is baseline attire plus chemical-resistant
gloves.

f Double layer w/gloves is coveralls worn over long-sleeve shirt and
long pants, plus chemical-resistant gloves.

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system, enclosed cab, or
enclosed cockpit.

h Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table D2. CAMA Inhalation                                                                                                                                                                                    
  Occupational Handler                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Exposures and Risks**                                                                                                                                                                                          
  ----------------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -------- -------- ----------
  Exposure Scenario             Crop or      Application   Application   Area       Inhalation                                     Inhalation                                     Inhalation                     
                                Target       Rate of       Rate of       Treated    Unit                                           Dose                                           MOE^h^                         
                                             CAMA^a^ (lb   MAA^b^ (lb    Daily^c^   Exposures                                      (mg/kg/day)                                                                   
                                             ai/acre)      ai/acre)      (acres)    (ug/lb ai)                                                                                                                   

                                                                                    Baseline^d^   80%        90%        Eng Con^g^ Baseline      80% PPE-R  90% PPE-R  Eng Cont   Baseline     80%      90%      Eng Cont
                                                                                                  PPE-R^e^   PPE-R^f^                                                                          PPE-R    PPE-R    

  **Mixer/Loader**                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Mixing/Loading Liquids        Lawn and     5             4.4           40         1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.003         0.0006     0.0003     0.00021    1500         7300     15000    21000
  Concentrates for Groundboom   ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
  Applications (1)              turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                grasses                                                                                                                                                                          
                                other than                                                                                                                                                                       
                                Bent)                                                                                                                                                                            

                                Lawn and     4.182         3.7           40         1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.0025        0.0005     0.00025    0.00017    1700         8700     17000    25000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                Bermuda and                                                                                                                                                                      
                                Zoysia                                                                                                                                                                           
                                grass)                                                                                                                                                                           

                                Lawn and     2.5           2.2           40         1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.0015        0.0003     0.00015    0.0001     2900         15000    29000    42000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                bentgrass)                                                                                                                                                                       

  Mixing/Loading Liquid         Lawn and     5             4.4           100        1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.0075        0.0015     0.00075    0.00052    580          2900     5800     8400
  Concentrates to Support LCO   ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
  Handgun Applications          turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
  (mixing/loading supports 20   grasses                                                                                                                                                                          
  LCOs) (1b)                    other than                                                                                                                                                                       
                                Bent)                                                                                                                                                                            

                                Lawn and     4.182         3.7           100        1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.0063        0.0013     0.00063    0.00044    690          3500     6900     10000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                Bermuda and                                                                                                                                                                      
                                Zoysia                                                                                                                                                                           
                                grass)                                                                                                                                                                           

                                Lawn and     2.5           2.2           100        1.2           0.24       0.12       0.083      0.0038        0.00075    0.00038    0.00026    1200         5800     12000    17000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                bentgrass)                                                                                                                                                                       

  **Applicator**                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  Applying Sprays via           Lawn and     5             4.4           40         0.74          0.148      0.074      0.043      0.0019        0.00037    0.00019    0.00011    2400         12000    24000    40000
  Groundboom Equipment (2)      ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                grasses                                                                                                                                                                          
                                other than                                                                                                                                                                       
                                Bent)                                                                                                                                                                            

                                Lawn and     4.182         3.7           40         0.74          0.148      0.074      0.043      0.0016        0.00031    0.00016    0.00009    2800         14000    28000    48000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                Bermuda and                                                                                                                                                                      
                                Zoysia                                                                                                                                                                           
                                grass)                                                                                                                                                                           

                                Lawn and     2.5           2.2           40         0.74          0.148      0.074      0.043      0.00093       0.00019    0.000093   0.000054   4700         24000    47000    81000
                                ornamental                                                                                                                                                                       
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                bentgrass)                                                                                                                                                                       

  Applying Sprays via Handgun   Lawn and     5             4.4           5          1.4           0.28       0.14       Not        0.00044       0.000088   0.000044   No Data    10000        50000    10000    No Data
  Equipment (3)                 ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                                                                 
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                grasses                                                                                                                                                                          
                                other than                                                                                                                                                                       
                                Bent)                                                                                                                                                                            

                                Lawn and     4.182         3.7           5          1.4           0.28       0.14       Not        0.00037       0.000074   0.000037   No Data    12000        59000    120000   No Data
                                ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                                                                 
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                Bermuda and                                                                                                                                                                      
                                Zoysia                                                                                                                                                                           
                                grass)                                                                                                                                                                           

                                Lawn and     2.5           2.2           5          1.4           0.28       0.14       Not        0.00022       0.000044   0.000022   No Data    20000        100000   20000    No Data
                                ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                                                                 
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                bentgrass)                                                                                                                                                                       

  **Mixer/Loader/Applicator**                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       Lawn and     5             4.4           5          1.8           0.36       0.18       Not        0.00057       0.00011    0.000057   Not        7700         39000    77000    Not
  Liquid Concentrates with a    ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                       Feasible                                  Feasible
  Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF    turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
  data) (4)                     grasses                                                                                                                                                                          
                                other than                                                                                                                                                                       
                                Bent)                                                                                                                                                                            

                                Lawn and     4.182         3.7           5          1.8           0.36       0.18       Not        0.00047       0.000095   0.000047   Not        9300         46000    93000    Not
                                ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                       Feasible                                  Feasible
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                Bermuda and                                                                                                                                                                      
                                Zoysia                                                                                                                                                                           
                                grass)                                                                                                                                                                           

                                Lawn and     2.5           2.2           5          1.8           0.36       0.18       Not        0.00028       0.000057   0.000028   Not        15000        77000    150000   Not
                                ornamental                                                                              Feasible                                       Feasible                                  Feasible
                                turf (on                                                                                                                                                                         
                                bentgrass)                                                                                                                                                                       
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for CAMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of CAMA \* Application Rate of
CAMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, miles, or
feet treated per day based on industry sources and HED estimates.

d Baseline is no respirator

e 80% Respirator is quarter-face dust/mist respirator (that provides an
80% protection factor).

f 90% Respirator is half-face dust/mist respirator (that provides a 90%
protection factor).

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system or enclosed
cockpit.

h Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult)

# Appendix E --

# CAMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="11"><strong>Table E1. CAMA Residential Handler Exposures
and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MMA<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="2">Baseline Unit Exposure</th>
<th colspan="2">Baseline Dose (mg/kg/ day)</th>
<th colspan="2">Baseline MOE</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Dermal<sup>d</sup> (mg/lb ai)</th>
<th>Inhalation<sup>e</sup> (ug/lb ai)</th>
<th>Dermal</th>
<th>Inhalation</th>
<th>Dermal<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Inhalation<sup>g</sup></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low
Pressure Handwand (ORETF) (1)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.000085</td>
<td>840</td>
<td>52000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.000071</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>62000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.6</td>
<td>0.000042</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>100000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with
Hose-End Sprayer (Residential ORETF data) (2)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.00053</td>
<td>2900</td>
<td>8200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>0.00045</td>
<td>3500</td>
<td>9800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.00027</td>
<td>5800</td>
<td>16000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger-Pump
Sprayer (ORETF) (3)</td>
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on grasses other than Bent)</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0.078</td>
<td>0.000027</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on Bermuda and Zoysia grass)</td>
<td>4.182</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0.065</td>
<td>0.000023</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>190000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawn and ornamental turf (on bentgrass)</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0.039</td>
<td>0.000014</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>320000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for CAMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MMA/MW of CAMA \* Application Rate of
CAMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, square feet,
or gallons applied based on the Standard Operating Procedures for
Residential Assessments, industry sources, and HED estimates.

d Baseline Dermal is short-sleeve shirt, short pants, shoes, socks and
no gloves

e Baseline Inhalation: no respirator.

f Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day x dermal absorption factor /­ body weight (70 kg
adult).

g Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

# Appendix F --

# CAMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Table F1 - Oral Exposure from Hand-to-Mouth
Activity on CAMA Treated Turf</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Exposure Scenario</td>
<td>Formulation</td>
<td>Application Rate (lb ai/acre)</td>
<td><p>Fraction AI</p>
<p>Transferable</p></td>
<td>Surface area of hands (cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
<td>Exposure Frequency (events/hr)</td>
<td>Saliva Extraction Factor</td>
<td>Exposure Time (hrs/day)</td>
<td>Body Weight (kg)</td>
<td>Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day)</td>
<td>Incidental Oral MOE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3">Hand to Mouth</td>
<td rowspan="3">Spray</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.066</td>
<td>110</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.055</td>
<td>130</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>210</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Average Daily Oral Dose Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x
SA~hand~ (cm^2^) x EXT x FQ(events/hr) x ET(hrs/day)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> SA~hand~ = surface area of 1 to 3 fingers (cm^2^)
>
> EXT = extraction rate by saliva (%)
>
> FQ = frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hour)
>
> ET = exposure duration (hours/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - The fraction of residue transferable from turf is 5%
>
> SA - The surface area of 1 to 3 fingers is 20 cm^2^
>
> FQ - The frequency of hand-to-mouth events is 20 events per hour
>
> EXT - The extraction rate by saliva is 50%.

ET - The time spent outdoors is 2 hours/day

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| *      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| *Table |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| F2 -   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Oral   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Ex     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| posure |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| from   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mo     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| uthing |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| CAMA   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| T      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| reated |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Turf** |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Ex     | For  | Appl    | Fra   | Body | S      | A      | Inc     |
| posure | mula | ication | ction | We   | urface | verage | idental |
| Sc     | tion | Rate    | AI    | ight | area   | Daily  | Oral    |
| enario |      | (lb     |       | (kg) | of     | Oral   | MOE     |
|        |      | a       | Tr    |      | turf   | Dose   |         |
|        |      | i/acre) | ansfe |      | m      | (mg/k  |         |
|        |      |         | rable |      | outhed | g/day) |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | (      |        |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | cm^2^) |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Object | S    | 4.4     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.016  | 430     |
| to     | pray |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mouth  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| (Tier  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| 3)     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
|        |      | 3.7     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.014  | 510     |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
|        |      | 2.2     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.008  | 850     |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+

Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F x SA
(cm^2^)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)

F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)

> SA = surface area of turf mouthed (cm^2^/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> SA - The surface area of turf mouthed is 25 cm^2^/day

F - The fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 20%

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------
  **Table F3 -                                                                                        
  Oral Exposure                                                                                       
  from                                                                                                
  Incidental                                                                                          
  Soil Ingestion                                                                                      
  Following CAMA                                                                                      
  Applications                                                                                        
  to Turf**                                                                                           

  Exposure       Formulation   Application   \% of rate  Ingestion   Body     Soil      Average Daily Incidental
  Scenario                     Rate (lb      in          Rate        Weight   Residue   Dose          Oral MOE
                               ai/acre)      uppermost 1 (mg/day)    (kg)     (ug/g)    (mg/kg/day)   
                                             cm of soil                                               

  Soil Ingestion Spray         4.4           100%        100         15       33.1      0.00022       32,000

                               3.7           100%        100         15       27.8      0.00019       38,000

                               2.2           100%        100         15       16.5      0.00011       64,000
  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------

Average Daily Oral Dose = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F (cm) x IgR(mg/day) x SDF
(cm^3^/mg)]{.underline}

> BW (kg)
>
> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil (%) (note:
> this is an adjustment from surface area to volume)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per microgram of
soil;

> IgR = ingestion rate of soil (mg/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil is 100
> percent based on soil incorporation into top 1 cm of soil after
> application (1.0/cm)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per gram of soil;
to weight 6.7 x 10^-4^ cm^3^/mg soil)

IgR - ingestion rate of soil is 100 mg/day

BW - body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table F4.                                                                                               
  Dermal                                                                                                    
  Exposure from                                                                                             
  CAMA Treated                                                                                              
  Turfgrass**                                                                                               
  ------------- ------------- --------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- --------
  Exposure      Formulation   Age Group Application   Default        Hours of   Transfer      Absorbed      Dermal
  Scenario                    Exposed   Rate (lb      transferable   Exposure   Coefficient   Dermal Dose   MOE
                                        ai/acre)      residue (%)               (cm2/hr)      (mg/kg/day)   

  High Contact  Spray         Adult     4.4           5%             2          14,500        1             980
  Lawn                                                                                                      
  Activities                                                                                                

                                        3.7                                                   0.86          1,200

                                        2.2                                                   0.51          2,000

                              Toddler   4.4                                     5,200         1.7           580

                                        3.7                                                   1.4           700

                                        2.2                                                   0.86          1,200

  Mowing Turf   Spray         Adult     4.4           5%             2          3400          0.24          4,200

                                        3.7                                                   0.2           5,000

                                        2.2                                                   0.12          8,300

                              Youths    4.4                                                   0.43          2,300
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        3.7                                                   0.36          2,800

                                        2.2                                                   0.22          4,600

  Gardening     Spray         Adult     4.4           20%            0.67       10,000        0.94          1,100

                                        3.7                                                   0.79          1,300

                                        2.2                                                   0.47          2,100

                              Youths    4.4                          0.33       5,000         0.42          2,400
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        3.7                                                   0.35          2,800

                                        2.2                                                   0.21          4,800

  Golfer        Spray         Adult     4.4           5%             4          500           0.07          14,000

                                        3.7                                                   0.059         17,000

                                        2.2                                                   0.035         28,000

                              Youths    4.4                                                   0.13          7,900
                              (10-12                                                                        
                              yrs)                                                                          

                                        3.7                                                   0.11          9,400

                                        2.2                                                   0.063         16,000
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Average Daily Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day) = [TTR (mg/cm^2^) x TC (cm^2^/hr)
x ET (hr/day) x DA (%)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADDD = Dermal exposure at on day of application attributable for
> activity in a previously treated area (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> TC = Transfer Coefficient (cm^2^/hour);
>
> ET = Exposure Time (hours/day);
>
> DA = Dermal Absorption (5); and
>
> BW = Body Weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 5%;
> dislodgeable from garden foliage is 20%;
>
> TC - The assumed transfer coefficients (TCs) for adults and children
> performing short-term high contact activities on treated turf are
> 14,500 and 5,200 cm~2~/hour, respectively. The assumed transfer
> coefficients (TCs) for adults and children performing short-term high
> contact activities in treated gardens are 10,000 and 5,000 200
> cm~2~/hour, respectively. Golfing, mowing and other low contact
> activities were assumed to have a TC of 500 cm~2~/hour.

ET - exposure time for high contact activities on residential lawns is 2
hours; exposure time for adults and children while

> gardening are 0.67 and 0.33 hours, respectively.; exposure time while
> golfing is 4 hours.

DA - Dermal absorption is 30%

BW - body weight for a toddler is 15 kg; for a youth is 39 kg; for an
adult is 70 kg.

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
(acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| *      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| *Table |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| F5 --  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Co     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| mbined |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Inci   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| dental |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Oral   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| To     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| ddlers |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| from   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Pos    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| tappli |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| cation |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| CAMA   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| T      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| reated |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf** |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ex     | Appli  | Appli  | Hand   | Object | Soil   | Co     | Co     |
| posure | cation | cation | to     | to     | Ing    | mbined | mbined |
| Sc     | Type   | Rate   | Mouth  | Mouth  | estion | A      | Inci   |
| enario |        | (lb    | A      | A      | A      | verage | dental |
|        |        | ai     | verage | verage | verage | Daily  | Oral   |
|        |        | /acre) | Daily  | Daily  | Daily  | Oral   | MOE    |
|        |        |        | Oral   | Oral   | Oral   | Dose   |        |
|        |        |        | Dose   | Dose   | Dose   |        |        |
|        |        |        | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  |        |
|        |        |        | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| T      | Spray  | 4.4    | 0.066  | 0.016  | 0      | 0.082  | 85     |
| oddler |        |        |        |        | .00022 |        |        |
| on     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|        |        | 3.7    | 0.055  | 0.014  | 0      | 0.069  | 101    |
|        |        |        |        |        | .00019 |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|        |        | 2.2    | 0.033  | 0.008  | 0      | 0.041  | 170    |
|        |        |        |        |        | .00011 |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# Appendix G -- 

# DSMA Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="17"><strong>Table G1. DSMA Dermal Occupational Handler
Exposures and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MSMA or DSMA<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MAA<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Unit Exposures (mg/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal MOE<sup>h</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>d</sup></th>
<th><p>PPE-w/</p>
<p>Gloves<sup>e</sup></p></th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>g</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications (1a)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>0.68</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>4000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications
(1b)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (post-emergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7 </td>
<td>200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.042</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>8900</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>24000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf for sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>8.2</td>
<td>0.065</td>
<td>0.048</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.012</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>41000</td>
<td>82000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.096</td>
<td>0.071</td>
<td>0.036</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>28000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>3.85 </td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.094</td>
<td>0.047</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>7900</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun Applications
(mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0.082</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.031</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>33000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way (1d)</p></td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td> 3.85</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.075</td>
<td>0.038</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>9900</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7 </td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>6800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td> 1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.031</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>32000</td>
<td>70000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3) Cont.</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass-golf courses)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.016</td>
<td>0.0071</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>64000</td>
<td>140000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.059</td>
<td>0.059</td>
<td>0.046</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>48000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td> 3.85</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.077</td>
<td>0.077</td>
<td>0.061</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>36000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.034</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>30000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.10</td>
<td> 3.85</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>5.7</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>780</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7 </td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>Not applicable</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.094</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.086</td>
<td>0.0019</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>530000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7) </p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>0.078</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>280</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(8)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td> 2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>0.044</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td> 3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.064</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>8500</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for MSMA/DSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of MSMA or DSMA \* Application
Rate of MSMA or DSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres or gallons or
other area/amount treated per day based on industry sources and HED
estimates.

d Baseline is long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, socks and no gloves
and no respirator

e Single layer w/gloves is baseline attire plus chemical-resistant
gloves.

f Double layer w/gloves is coveralls worn over long-sleeve shirt and
long pants, plus chemical-resistant gloves.

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system, enclosed cab, or
enclosed cockpit.

h Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="17"><strong>Table G2. DSMA Occupational Inhalation Handler
Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2">Application Rate of DSMA<sup>a</sup> (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="2">Application Rate of MAA<sup>b</sup> (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Unit Exposures (ug/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation MOEh</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>d</sup></th>
<th>80% PPE-R<sup>e</sup></th>
<th>90% PPE-R<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>g</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Base-line</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td> Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications
(1a)</td>
<td>Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.0035</td>
<td>0.0024</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5"> Mixing/Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom
Applications (1b) </td>
<td>Cotton ( post-emergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0059</td>
<td>0.0012</td>
<td>0.00059</td>
<td>0.00041</td>
<td>750</td>
<td>3700</td>
<td>7500</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf for sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0034</td>
<td>0.00068</td>
<td>0.00034</td>
<td>0.00024</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>6400</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>19000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>0.00034</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>0.00012</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>37000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.001</td>
<td>0.0005</td>
<td>0.00035</td>
<td>870</td>
<td>4400</td>
<td>8700</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0066</td>
<td>0.0013</td>
<td>0.00066</td>
<td>0.00046</td>
<td>660</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>6600</td>
<td>9600</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td> Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun
Applications (1c)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0043</td>
<td>0.00085</td>
<td>0.00043</td>
<td>0.00029</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>5100</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>15000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td> Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way
(1d)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0053</td>
<td>0.0011</td>
<td>0.00053</td>
<td>0.00037</td>
<td>830</td>
<td>4100</td>
<td>8300</td>
<td>12000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td> Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.068</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.002</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>2200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="5"> Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0036</td>
<td>0.00072</td>
<td>0.00036</td>
<td>0.00021</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>6000</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0021</td>
<td>0.00042</td>
<td>0.00021</td>
<td>0.00012</td>
<td>2100</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>36000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass-golf courses)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0011</td>
<td>0.00021</td>
<td>0.00011</td>
<td>0.000061</td>
<td>4200</td>
<td>21000</td>
<td>42000</td>
<td>72000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0031</td>
<td>0.00062</td>
<td>0.00031</td>
<td>0.00018</td>
<td>1400</td>
<td>7100</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>24000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0041</td>
<td>0.00081</td>
<td>0.00041</td>
<td>0.00024</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td>5400</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>19000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td> Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00025</td>
<td>0.00005</td>
<td>0.000025</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>88000</td>
<td>180000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td> Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>5.10</td>
<td>3.85</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0034</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>260</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td> Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2.268</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.0006</td>
<td>0.0003</td>
<td>0.00006</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>7300</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>73000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p> Mixing/Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00064</td>
<td>0.00013</td>
<td>0.000064</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>69000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p> Mixing/Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(8)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>3.293</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00032</td>
<td>0.000064</td>
<td>0.000032</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>68000</td>
<td>140000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4.85</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00047</td>
<td>0.000094</td>
<td>0.000047</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>9300</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>93000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of DSMA \* Application Rate of
DSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, miles, or
feet treated per day based on industry sources and HED estimates.

d Baseline is no respirator

e 80% Respirator is quarter-face dust/mist respirator (that provides an
80% protection factor).

f 90% Respirator is half-face dust/mist respirator (that provides a 90%
protection factor).

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system or enclosed
cockpit.

h Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult)

# Appendix H --

# DSMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table H1. DSMA Residential                                                                                                                      
  Dermal and Inhalation Handler                                                                                                                     
  Exposure and Risks**                                                                                                                              
  ----------------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- ---------- ----------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ----------- ---------------
  Exposure Scenario             Crop or      Application   Application   Area       Baseline                    Baseline                Baseline    
                                Target       Rate of       Rate of       Treated    Unit                        Doses                   MOE         
                                             DSMA^a^ (lb   MAA^b^ (lb    Daily^c^   Exposures                   (mg/kg/                             
                                             ai/acre)      ai/acre)      (acres)                                day)                                

                                                                                    Dermal^d^   Inhalation^e^   Dermal     Inhalation   Dermal^f^   Inhalation^g^
                                                                                    (mg/lb ai)  (ug/lb ai)                                          

  **Mixer/Loader/Applicator**                                                                                                                       

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       lawns and    3.293         2.5           0.5        38          2.7             0.68       0.000048     1500        91000
  Liquid Concentrates with Low  ornamental                                                                                                          
  Pressure Handwand (ORETF      turf                                                                                                                
  \--ground directed) (1)                                                                                                                           

  Mixing/Loading/Applying       lawns and    3.293         2.5           0.5        11          17              0.2        0.0003       5100        14000
  Liquid Concentrates with      ornamental                                                                                                          
  Hose-End Sprayer (Residential turf                                                                                                                
  ORETF data) (2)                                                                                                                                   

  Loading/Applying Liquid       lawns and    3.293         2.5           0.5        2.6         11              0.046      0.0002       22000       22000
  Concentrates with RTU Hose    ornamental                                                                                                          
  (Residential ORETF data) (3)  turf                                                                                                                
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
master labels for DSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of DSMA \* Application Rate of
DSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, square feet,
or gallons applied based on the Standard Operating Procedures for
Residential Assessments, industry sources, and HED estimates.

d Baseline Dermal is short-sleeve shirt, short pants, shoes, socks and
no gloves

e Baseline Inhalation: no respirator.

f Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day x dermal absorption factor /­ body weight (70 kg
adult).

g Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

# Appendix I --

# DSMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Table I1 - Oral Exposure from Hand-to-Mouth
Activity on DSMA Treated Turf</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Exposure Scenario</td>
<td>Formulation</td>
<td>Application Rate (lb ai/acre)</td>
<td><p>Fraction AI</p>
<p>Transferable</p></td>
<td>Surface area of hands (cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
<td>Exposure Frequency (events/hr)</td>
<td>Saliva Extraction Factor</td>
<td>Exposure Time (hrs/day)</td>
<td>Body Weight (kg)</td>
<td>Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day)</td>
<td>Incidental Oral MOE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hand to Mouth</td>
<td>Spray</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.037</td>
<td>190</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Average Daily Oral Dose Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x
SA~hand~ (cm^2^) x EXT x FQ(events/hr) x ET(hrs/day)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> SA~hand~ = surface area of 1 to 3 fingers (cm^2^)
>
> EXT = extraction rate by saliva (%)
>
> FQ = frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hour)
>
> ET = exposure duration (hours/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - The fraction of residue transferable from turf is 5%
>
> SA - The surface area of 1 to 3 fingers is 20 cm^2^
>
> FQ - The frequency of hand-to-mouth events is 20 events per hour
>
> EXT - The extraction rate by saliva is 50%.

ET - The time spent outdoors is 2 hours/day

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| *      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| *Table |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| I2 -   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Oral   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Ex     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| posure |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| from   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mo     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| uthing |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| DSMA   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| T      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| reated |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Turf** |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Ex     | For  | Appl    | Fra   | Body | S      | A      | Inc     |
| posure | mula | ication | ction | We   | urface | verage | idental |
| Sc     | tion | Rate    | AI    | ight | area   | Daily  | Oral    |
| enario |      | (lb     |       | (kg) | of     | Oral   | MOE     |
|        |      | a       | Tr    |      | turf   | Dose   |         |
|        |      | i/acre) | ansfe |      | m      | (mg/k  |         |
|        |      |         | rable |      | outhed | g/day) |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | (      |        |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | cm^2^) |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Object | S    | 2.5     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.009  | 750     |
| to     | pray |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mouth  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| (Tier  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| 3)     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+

Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F x SA
(cm^2^)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)

F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)

> SA = surface area of turf mouthed (cm^2^/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> SA - The surface area of turf mouthed is 25 cm^2^/day

F - The fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 20%

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------
  **Table I3 -                                                                                        
  Oral Exposure                                                                                       
  from                                                                                                
  Incidental                                                                                          
  Soil Ingestion                                                                                      
  Following DSMA                                                                                      
  Applications                                                                                        
  to Turf**                                                                                           

  Exposure       Formulation   Application   \% of rate  Ingestion   Body     Soil      Average Daily Incidental
  Scenario                     Rate (lb      in          Rate        Weight   Residue   Dose          Oral MOE
                               ai/acre)      uppermost 1 (mg/day)    (kg)     (ug/g)    (mg/kg/day)   
                                             cm of soil                                               

  Soil Ingestion Spray         2.5           100%        100         15       18.8      0.00013       56,000
  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------

Average Daily Oral Dose = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F (cm) x IgR(mg/day) x SDF
(cm^3^/mg)]{.underline}

> BW (kg)
>
> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil (%) (note:
> this is an adjustment from surface area to volume)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per microgram of
soil;

> IgR = ingestion rate of soil (mg/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil is 100
> percent based on soil incorporation into top 1 cm of soil after
> application (1.0/cm)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per gram of soil;
to weight 6.7 x 10^-4^ cm^3^/mg soil)

IgR - ingestion rate of soil is 100 mg/day

BW - body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **    |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Table |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| I4.   |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| D     |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ermal |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Exp   |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| osure |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| from  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| DSMA  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Tr    |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| eated |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| T     |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| urfgr |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ass** |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+=======+=======+========+=====+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+
| Exp   | F     | Age    | Ap  | De    | Hours | Tra   | Abs   | D     |
| osure | ormul | Group  | pli | fault | of    | nsfer | orbed | ermal |
| Sce   | ation | E      | cat | tr    | Exp   | C     | D     | MOE   |
| nario |       | xposed | ion | ansfe | osure | oeffi | ermal |       |
|       |       |        | R   | rable |       | cient | Dose  |       |
|       |       |        | ate | re    |       | (cm   | (     |       |
|       |       |        |     | sidue |       | 2/hr) | mg/kg |       |
|       |       |        | (lb | (%)   |       |       | /day) |       |
|       |       |        | ai  |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       |        | /ac |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       |        | re) |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| High  | Spray | Adult  | 2.5 | 5%    | 2     | 1     | 0.58  | 1,700 |
| Co    |       |        |     |       |       | 4,500 |       |       |
| ntact |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Lawn  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Activ |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ities |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | T      |     |       |       | 5,200 | 0.97  | 1,000 |
|       |       | oddler |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| M     |       | Adult  |     |       | 2     | 3400  | 0.14  | 7,300 |
| owing |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Turf  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       |       |       | 0.24  | 4,100 |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Gard  |       | Adult  |     | 20%   | 0.67  | 1     | 0.54  | 1,900 |
| ening |       |        |     |       |       | 0,000 |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       | 0.33  | 5,000 | 0.24  | 4,200 |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| G     |       | Adult  |     | 5%    | 4     | 500   | 0.04  | 2     |
| olfer |       |        |     |       |       |       |       | 5,000 |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       |       |       | 0.072 | 1     |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       | 4,000 |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

Average Daily Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day) = [TTR (mg/cm^2^) x TC (cm^2^/hr)
x ET (hr/day) x DA (%)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADDD = Dermal exposure at on day of application attributable for
> activity in a previously treated area (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> TC = Transfer Coefficient (cm^2^/hour);
>
> ET = Exposure Time (hours/day);
>
> DA = Dermal Absorption (5); and
>
> BW = Body Weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 5%;
> dislodgeable from garden foliage is 20%;
>
> TC - The assumed transfer coefficients (TCs) for adults and children
> performing short-term high contact activities on treated turf are
> 14,500 and 5,200 cm~2~/hour, respectively. The assumed transfer
> coefficients (TCs) for adults and children performing short-term high
> contact activities in treated gardens are 10,000 and 5,000 200
> cm~2~/hour, respectively. Golfing, mowing and other low contact
> activities were assumed to have a TC of 500 cm~2~/hour.

ET - exposure time for high contact activities on residential lawns is 2
hours; exposure time for adults and children while

> gardening are 0.67 and 0.33 hours, respectively.; exposure time while
> golfing is 4 hours.

DA - Dermal absorption is 30%

BW - body weight for a toddler is 15 kg; for a youth is 39 kg; for an
adult is 70 kg.

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| *      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| *Table |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| I5 --  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Co     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| mbined |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Inci   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| dental |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Oral   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| To     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| ddlers |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| from   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Pos    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| tappli |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| cation |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| DSMA   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| T      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| reated |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf** |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ex     | Appli  | Appli  | Hand   | Object | Soil   | Co     | Co     |
| posure | cation | cation | to     | to     | Ing    | mbined | mbined |
| Sc     | Type   | Rate   | Mouth  | Mouth  | estion | A      | Inci   |
| enario |        | (lb    | A      | A      | A      | verage | dental |
|        |        | ai     | verage | verage | verage | Daily  | Oral   |
|        |        | /acre) | Daily  | Daily  | Daily  | Oral   | MOE    |
|        |        |        | Oral   | Oral   | Oral   | Dose   |        |
|        |        |        | Dose   | Dose   | Dose   |        |        |
|        |        |        | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  |        |
|        |        |        | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| T      | Spray  | 2.5    | 0.037  | 0.009  | 0      | 0.047  | 149    |
| oddler |        |        |        |        | .00013 |        |        |
| on     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# Appendix J -- 

# MSMA Occupational Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="17"><strong>Table J1. MSMA Dermal Occupational Handler
Exposures and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MSMA<sup>a</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2"><p>Application Rate of MAA<sup>b</sup></p>
<p>(lb ai/acre)</p></th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Unit Exposures (mg/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Dermal MOE<sup>h</sup></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>d</sup></th>
<th><p>PPE-w/</p>
<p>Gloves<sup>e</sup></p></th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>g</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>PPE-w/gloves</th>
<th>PPE-double layer w/gloves</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial Applications (1a)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>0.68</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>4000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (post-emergent over the top broadcast spray)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.32</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>3200</td>
<td>4300</td>
<td>8400</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications
(1b)</p></td>
<td>Cotton (post-emergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.042</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>8900</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>24000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (post-emergent directed band application)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>6.7</td>
<td>0.053</td>
<td>0.039</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>150</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>51000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0.088</td>
<td>0.065</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>30000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.029</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>34000</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>91000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom Applications (1b)
Cont.</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>0.044</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>180</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>60000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.067</td>
<td>0.034</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>30000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.094</td>
<td>0.047</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>7900</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO Handgun Applications
(mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>9.3</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>36000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>7.7</td>
<td>0.061</td>
<td>0.045</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>44000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.082</td>
<td>0.041</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>9000</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>24000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way (1d)</p></td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.023</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0086</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.075</td>
<td>0.038</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>9900</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>6800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>15000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>0.069</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.025</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.032</td>
<td>0.032</td>
<td>0.025</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>40000</td>
<td>87000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.042</td>
<td>0.019</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>24000</td>
<td>52000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.018</td>
<td>0.018</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.0064</td>
<td>56000</td>
<td>56000</td>
<td>71000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3) Cont.</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass-golf courses)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.015</td>
<td>0.015</td>
<td>0.012</td>
<td>0.0053</td>
<td>67000</td>
<td>67000</td>
<td>85000</td>
<td>190000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass-golf courses)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.027</td>
<td>0.027</td>
<td>0.021</td>
<td>0.0096</td>
<td>37000</td>
<td>37000</td>
<td>47000</td>
<td>100000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.055</td>
<td>0.055</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>51000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.014</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>0.005</td>
<td>0.077</td>
<td>0.077</td>
<td>0.061</td>
<td>0.028</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>36000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic parks, golf courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.054</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>33000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.045</td>
<td>0.025</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>39000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4) Cont.</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.082</td>
<td>0.046</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>22000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>5.7</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>780</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.094</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.086</td>
<td>0.0019</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>530000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.044</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.00088</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>1100000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7) </p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.062</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>360</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>0.051</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>430</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>Data available</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>0.092</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4"><p>Mixing/</p>
<p>Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with a Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data)
(8)</p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.072</td>
<td>0.039</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.033</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established Bermuda-grass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.059</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9200</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.245</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>9100</td>
<td>17000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for MSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of MSMA \* Application Rate of
MSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres or gallons or
other area/amount treated per day based on industry sources and HED
estimates.

d Baseline is long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, socks and no gloves
and no respirator

e Single layer w/gloves is baseline attire plus chemical-resistant
gloves.

f Double layer w/gloves is coveralls worn over long-sleeve shirt and
long pants, plus chemical-resistant gloves.

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system, enclosed cab, or
enclosed cockpit.

h Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="17"><strong>Table J2. MSMA Occupational Inhalation Handler
Exposure and Risks</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th rowspan="2">Exposure Scenario</th>
<th rowspan="2">Crop or Target</th>
<th rowspan="2">Application Rate of MSMA<sup>a</sup> (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="2">Application Rate of MAA<sup>b</sup> (lb ai/acre)</th>
<th rowspan="2">Area Treated Daily<sup>c</sup> (acres)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Unit Exposures (ug/lb ai)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day)</th>
<th colspan="4">Inhalation MOEh</th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th>Baseline<sup>d</sup></th>
<th>80% PPE-R<sup>e</sup></th>
<th>90% PPE-R<sup>f</sup></th>
<th>Eng Con<sup>g</sup></th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
<th>Baseline</th>
<th>80% PPE-R</th>
<th>90% PPE-R</th>
<th>Eng Cont</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates for Aerial
Applications (1a)</p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>Cotton (pre-plant or post-plant up to cracking)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.0071</td>
<td>0.0035</td>
<td>0.0024</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (postemergent over the top broadcast spray)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0033</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>0.0011</td>
<td>260</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>3800</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="7">Mixing/Loading Liquids Concentrates for Groundboom
Applications (1b)</td>
<td>Cotton (postemergent directed spray)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0059</td>
<td>0.0012</td>
<td>0.00059</td>
<td>0.00041</td>
<td>740</td>
<td>3700</td>
<td>7400</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton (postemergent directed band application)</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0028</td>
<td>0.00055</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>7900</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>23000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0046</td>
<td>0.00092</td>
<td>0.00046</td>
<td>0.00032</td>
<td>950</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>9500</td>
<td>14000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0015</td>
<td>0.00031</td>
<td>0.00015</td>
<td>0.00011</td>
<td>2800</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>41000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0023</td>
<td>0.00046</td>
<td>0.00023</td>
<td>0.00016</td>
<td>1900</td>
<td>9500</td>
<td>19000</td>
<td>27000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit, Nut, &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0047</td>
<td>0.00094</td>
<td>0.00047</td>
<td>0.00033</td>
<td>930</td>
<td>4700</td>
<td>9300</td>
<td>13000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0066</td>
<td>0.0013</td>
<td>0.00066</td>
<td>0.00046</td>
<td>660</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>6600</td>
<td>9600</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support LCO
Handgun Applications (mixing/loading supports 20 LCOs) (1c)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0038</td>
<td>0.00077</td>
<td>0.00038</td>
<td>0.00027</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td>5700</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>16000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0032</td>
<td>0.00064</td>
<td>0.00032</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>1400</td>
<td>6800</td>
<td>14000</td>
<td>20000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0058</td>
<td>0.0012</td>
<td>0.00058</td>
<td>0.0004</td>
<td>760</td>
<td>3800</td>
<td>7600</td>
<td>11000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mixing/Loading Liquid Concentrates to Support Rights of Way
(1d)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.083</td>
<td>0.0053</td>
<td>0.0011</td>
<td>0.00053</td>
<td>0.00037</td>
<td>830</td>
<td>4100</td>
<td>8300</td>
<td>12000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Applying Sprays via Aerial Equipment (2)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.068</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.002</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>2200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.068</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>0.00094</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>4700</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0036</td>
<td>0.00073</td>
<td>0.00036</td>
<td>0.00021</td>
<td>1200</td>
<td>6000</td>
<td>12000</td>
<td>21000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>0.00034</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>0.000099</td>
<td>2600</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>26000</td>
<td>44000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Turf on sod farms</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0028</td>
<td>0.00057</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>7700</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.00095</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>0.000095</td>
<td>0.000055</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>46000</td>
<td>79000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4">Applying Sprays via Groundboom Equipment (3) Cont.</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass-golf courses)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.00079</td>
<td>0.00016</td>
<td>0.000079</td>
<td>0.000046</td>
<td>5500</td>
<td>28000</td>
<td>55000</td>
<td>95000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass-gofl courses)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00014</td>
<td>0.000083</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>53000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0029</td>
<td>0.00058</td>
<td>0.00029</td>
<td>0.00017</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>7500</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>26000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.148</td>
<td>0.074</td>
<td>0.043</td>
<td>0.0041</td>
<td>0.00082</td>
<td>0.00041</td>
<td>0.00024</td>
<td>1100</td>
<td>5400</td>
<td>11000</td>
<td>18000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Applying Sprays via Handgun Equipment (4) </td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic parks, golf courses, parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00022</td>
<td>0.000045</td>
<td>0.000022</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>20000</td>
<td>98000</td>
<td>200000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00019</td>
<td>0.000037</td>
<td>0.000019</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>23000</td>
<td>120000</td>
<td>230000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00034</td>
<td>0.000067</td>
<td>0.000034</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>13000</td>
<td>65000</td>
<td>130000</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Applying Sprays via Rights of Way Equipment (5)</td>
<td>Noncrop Areas</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.017</td>
<td>0.0034</td>
<td>0.0017</td>
<td>No Data</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>2500</td>
<td>No Data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Flagger</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Flagging for Aerial Sprays Applications (6)</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.0006</td>
<td>0.0003</td>
<td>0.00006</td>
<td>1500</td>
<td>7300</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>73000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.9375</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.035</td>
<td>0.007</td>
<td>0.0014</td>
<td>0.00028</td>
<td>0.00014</td>
<td>0.000028</td>
<td>3100</td>
<td>16000</td>
<td>31000</td>
<td>160000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><strong>Mixer/Loader/Applicator</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><p>Mixing/Loading/</p>
<p>Applying Liquid Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand (ORETF)
(7)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.0005</td>
<td>0.0001</td>
<td>0.00005</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>8700</td>
<td>43000</td>
<td>87000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00042</td>
<td>0.000084</td>
<td>0.000042</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>52000</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00076</td>
<td>0.00015</td>
<td>0.000076</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>5800</td>
<td>29000</td>
<td>58000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="4">Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid Concentrates with a
Handgun Sprayer (LCO ORETF data) (8)</td>
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (athletic fields, golf courses,
parks)</td>
<td>2.6136</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00029</td>
<td>0.000058</td>
<td>0.000029</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>76000</td>
<td>150000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (well established actively growing
turfgrass)</td>
<td>2.178</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00024</td>
<td>0.000048</td>
<td>0.000024</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>18000</td>
<td>91000</td>
<td>180000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lawns and Ornamental Turf (established bermudagrass and zoysia
grass)</td>
<td>3.9204</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00043</td>
<td>0.000086</td>
<td>0.000043</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>51000</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nonbearing Fruit &amp; Nut Orchards &amp; Vineyards</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>0.00044</td>
<td>0.000088</td>
<td>0.000044</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
<td>9900</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>99000</td>
<td>Not Feasible</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for MSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of MSMA \* Application Rate of
MSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, miles, or
feet treated per day based on industry sources and HED estimates.

d Baseline is no respirator

e 80% Respirator is quarter-face dust/mist respirator (that provides an
80% protection factor).

f 90% Respirator is half-face dust/mist respirator (that provides a 90%
protection factor).

g Engineering control is closed mixing/loading system or enclosed
cockpit.

h Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult)

# Appendix K --

# MSMA Residential Handler Exposure and Risk Appendices

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table K1. MSMA Residential                                                                                                                       
  Dermal and Inhalation Handler                                                                                                                      
  Exposure and Risks**                                                                                                                               
  ------------------------------ ------------ ------------- ------------- ---------- ----------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ----------- ---------------
  Exposure Scenario              Crop or      Application   Application   Area       Baseline                    Baseline                Baseline    
                                 Target       Rate of       Rate of       Treated    Unit                        Doses                   MOE         
                                              MSMA^a^ (lb   MAA^b^ (lb    Daily^c^   Exposures                   (mg/kg/                             
                                              ai/acre)      ai/acre)      (acres)                                day)                                

                                                                                     Dermal^d^   Inhalation^e^   Dermal     Inhalation   Dermal^f^   Inhalation^g^
                                                                                     (mg/lb ai)  (ug/lb ai)                                          

  **Mixer/Loader/Applicator**                                                                                                                        

  Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid lawns and    3.9204        3.4           0.5        38          2.7             0.91       0.000065     1100        68000
  Concentrates with Low Pressure ornamental                                                                                                          
  Handwand (ORETF \--ground      turf                                                                                                                
  directed) (1)                                                                                                                                      

                                              2.6136        2.2           0.5        38          2.7             0.61       0.000043     1600        100000

                                              2.178         1.9           0.5        38          2.7             0.51       0.000036     2000        120000

  Mixing/Loading/Applying Liquid lawns and    3.9204        3.4           0.5        11          17              0.26       0.00041      3800        11000
  Concentrates with Hose-End     ornamental                                                                                                          
  Sprayer (Residential ORETF     turf                                                                                                                
  data) (2)                                                                                                                                          

                                              2.6136        2.2           0.5        11          17              0.18       0.00027      5700        16000

                                              2.178         1.9           0.5        11          17              0.15       0.00023      6800        19000

  Loading/Applying Liquid        lawns and    3.9204        3.4           0.5        2.6         11              0.062      0.00026      16000       17000
  Concentrates with RTU Hose-End ornamental                                                                                                          
  Sprayer (Residential ORETF     turf                                                                                                                
  data) (3)                                                                                                                                          

                                              2.6136        2.2           0.5        2.6         11              0.042      0.00018      24000       25000

                                              2.178         1.9           0.5        2.6         11              0.035      0.00015      29000       30000
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for MSMA

b Application Rate of MMA = (MW of MAA/MW of MSMA \* Application Rate of
MSMA)

c Amount handled per day values are HED estimates of acres, square feet,
or gallons applied based on the Standard Operating Procedures for
Residential Assessments, industry sources, and HED estimates.

d Baseline Dermal is short-sleeve shirt, short pants, shoes, socks and
no gloves

e Baseline Inhalation: no respirator.

f Dermal MOE = NOAEL (1000 mg/kg/day) / dermal daily dose (mg/­kg/­day),
where dermal dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x application rate x
amount handled per day x dermal absorption factor /­ body weight (70 kg
adult).

g Inhalation MOE = NOAEL (4.38 mg/kg/day) / inhalation daily dose
(mg/­kg/­day), where inhalation dose = daily unit exposure (mg/­lb ai) x
application rate x amount handled per day /­ body weight (70 kg adult).

# Appendix L --

# MSMA Residential Postapplication Exposure and Risk Appendices

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Table L1 - Oral Exposure from Hand-to-Mouth
Activity on MSMA Treated Turf</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Exposure Scenario</td>
<td>Formulation</td>
<td>Application Rate (lb ai/acre)</td>
<td><p>Fraction AI</p>
<p>Transferable</p></td>
<td>Surface area of hands (cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
<td>Exposure Frequency (events/hr)</td>
<td>Saliva Extraction Factor</td>
<td>Exposure Time (hrs/day)</td>
<td>Body Weight (kg)</td>
<td>Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day)</td>
<td>Incidental Oral MOE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hand to Mouth</td>
<td>Spray</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0.051</td>
<td>140</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Average Daily Oral Dose Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x
SA~hand~ (cm^2^) x EXT x FQ(events/hr) x ET(hrs/day)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> SA~hand~ = surface area of 1 to 3 fingers (cm^2^)
>
> EXT = extraction rate by saliva (%)
>
> FQ = frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hour)
>
> ET = exposure duration (hours/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - The fraction of residue transferable from turf is 5%
>
> SA - The surface area of 1 to 3 fingers is 20 cm^2^
>
> FQ - The frequency of hand-to-mouth events is 20 events per hour
>
> EXT - The extraction rate by saliva is 50%.

ET - The time spent outdoors is 2 hours/day

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| *      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| *Table |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| L2 -   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Oral   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Ex     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| posure |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| from   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mo     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| uthing |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| MSMA   |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| T      |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| reated |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Turf** |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Ex     | For  | Appl    | Fra   | Body | S      | A      | Inc     |
| posure | mula | ication | ction | We   | urface | verage | idental |
| Sc     | tion | Rate    | AI    | ight | area   | Daily  | Oral    |
| enario |      | (lb     |       | (kg) | of     | Oral   | MOE     |
|        |      | a       | Tr    |      | turf   | Dose   |         |
|        |      | i/acre) | ansfe |      | m      | (mg/k  |         |
|        |      |         | rable |      | outhed | g/day) |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | (      |        |         |
|        |      |         |       |      | cm^2^) |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+
| Object | S    | 3.4     | 20%   | 15   | 25     | 0.013  | 550     |
| to     | pray |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| Mouth  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| (Tier  |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
| 3)     |      |         |       |      |        |        |         |
+--------+------+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+---------+

Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F x SA
(cm^2^)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)

F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)

> SA = surface area of turf mouthed (cm^2^/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> SA - The surface area of turf mouthed is 25 cm^2^/day

F - The fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 20%

BW - Body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------
  **Table L3 -                                                                                        
  Oral Exposure                                                                                       
  from                                                                                                
  Incidental                                                                                          
  Soil Ingestion                                                                                      
  Following MSMA                                                                                      
  Applications                                                                                        
  to Turf**                                                                                           

  Exposure       Formulation   Application   \% of rate  Ingestion   Body     Soil      Average Daily Incidental
  Scenario                     Rate (lb      in          Rate        Weight   Residue   Dose          Oral MOE
                               ai/acre)      uppermost 1 (mg/day)    (kg)     (ug/g)    (mg/kg/day)   
                                             cm of soil                                               

  Soil Ingestion Spray         3.4           100%        100         15       25.5      0.00017       41,000
  -------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- --------- ------------- ------------

Average Daily Oral Dose = [AR (mg/cm^2^) x F (cm) x IgR(mg/day) x SDF
(cm^3^/mg)]{.underline}

> BW (kg)
>
> Where:
>
> ADOD = oral dose on day of application (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil (%) (note:
> this is an adjustment from surface area to volume)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per microgram of
soil;

> IgR = ingestion rate of soil (mg/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction or residue retained on uppermost 1 cm of soil is 100
> percent based on soil incorporation into top 1 cm of soil after
> application (1.0/cm)

SDF = soil density factor \-- volume of soil (cm^3^) per gram of soil;
to weight 6.7 x 10^-4^ cm^3^/mg soil)

IgR - ingestion rate of soil is 100 mg/day

BW - body weight of a toddler is 15 kg

Application Rate (mg/cm^2^) = AR (lb ai/A) \* CF1 \* CF2

> Where:
>
> AP~lb/A~ = application rate (lb ai/A)

CF1 = weight unit conversion factor to convert the lbs ai in the
application rate to mg (4.54 x 10^5^ mg/lb)

> CF2 = area unit conversion factor to convert the surface area units
> (acres) in the application rate to cm^2^ (2.47 x 10^-8^ acre/cm^2^)

+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **    |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Table |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| L4.   |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| D     |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ermal |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Exp   |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| osure |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| from  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| MSMA  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Tr    |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| eated |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| T     |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| urfgr |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ass** |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+=======+=======+========+=====+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+
| Exp   | F     | Age    | Ap  | De    | Hours | Tra   | Abs   | D     |
| osure | ormul | Group  | pli | fault | of    | nsfer | orbed | ermal |
| Sce   | ation | E      | cat | tr    | Exp   | C     | D     | MOE   |
| nario |       | xposed | ion | ansfe | osure | oeffi | ermal |       |
|       |       |        | R   | rable |       | cient | Dose  |       |
|       |       |        | ate | re    |       | (cm   | (     |       |
|       |       |        |     | sidue |       | 2/hr) | mg/kg |       |
|       |       |        | (lb | (%)   |       |       | /day) |       |
|       |       |        | ai  |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       |        | /ac |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       |        | re) |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| High  | Spray | Adult  | 3.4 | 5%    | 2     | 1     | 0.79  | 1,300 |
| Co    |       |        |     |       |       | 4,500 |       |       |
| ntact |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Lawn  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Activ |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| ities |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | T      |     |       |       | 5,200 | 1.3   | 760   |
|       |       | oddler |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| M     |       | Adult  |     | 5%    | 2     | 3,400 | 0.19  | 5,400 |
| owing |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
| Turf  |       |        |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       |       |       | 0.33  | 3,000 |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Gard  |       | Adult  |     | 20%   | 0.67  | 1     | 0.73  | 1,400 |
| ening |       |        |     |       |       | 0,000 |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       | 0.33  | 5,000 | 0.32  | 3,100 |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| G     |       | Adult  |     | 5%    | 4     | 500   | 0.054 | 1     |
| olfer |       |        |     |       |       |       |       | 8,000 |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Youths |     |       |       |       | 0.098 | 1     |
|       |       | (10-12 |     |       |       |       |       | 0,000 |
|       |       | yrs)   |     |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+--------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

Average Daily Dermal Dose (mg/kg/day) = [TTR (mg/cm^2^) x TC (cm^2^/hr)
x ET (hr/day) x DA (%)]{.underline}

BW (kg)

> Where:
>
> ADDD = Dermal exposure at on day of application attributable for
> activity in a previously treated area (mg/kg/day)
>
> AR~mg/cm2~ = application rate (mg/cm^2^)
>
> F = fraction of residue transferable from treated turf (%)
>
> TC = Transfer Coefficient (cm^2^/hour);
>
> ET = Exposure Time (hours/day);
>
> DA = Dermal Absorption (5); and
>
> BW = Body Weight (kg)
>
> Assumptions:
>
> F - fraction of residue transferable from treated turf is 5%;
> dislodgeable from garden foliage is 20%;
>
> TC - The assumed transfer coefficients (TCs) for adults and children
> performing short-term high contact activities on treated turf are
> 14,500 and 5,200 cm~2~/hour, respectively. The assumed transfer
> coefficients (TCs) for adults and children performing short-term high
> contact activities in treated gardens are 10,000 and 5,000 200
> cm~2~/hour, respectively. Golfing, mowing and other low contact
> activities were assumed to have a TC of 500 cm~2~/hour.

ET - exposure time for high contact activities on residential lawns is 2
hours; exposure time for adults and children while

> gardening are 0.67 and 0.33 hours, respectively.; exposure time while
> golfing is 4 hours.

DA - Dermal absorption is 30%

BW - body weight for a toddler is 15 kg; for a youth is 39 kg; for an
adult is 70 kg.

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| *      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| *Table |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| L5 --  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Co     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| mbined |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Inci   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| dental |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Oral   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| To     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| ddlers |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| from   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Pos    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| tappli |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| cation |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Exp    |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| osures |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| to     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| MSMA   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| T      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| reated |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf** |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ex     | Appli  | Appli  | Hand   | Object | Soil   | Co     | Co     |
| posure | cation | cation | to     | to     | Ing    | mbined | mbined |
| Sc     | Type   | Rate   | Mouth  | Mouth  | estion | A      | Inci   |
| enario |        | (lb    | A      | A      | A      | verage | dental |
|        |        | ai     | verage | verage | verage | Daily  | Oral   |
|        |        | /acre) | Daily  | Daily  | Daily  | Oral   | MOE    |
|        |        |        | Oral   | Oral   | Oral   | Dose   |        |
|        |        |        | Dose   | Dose   | Dose   |        |        |
|        |        |        | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  | (mg/k  |        |
|        |        |        | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) | g/day) |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| T      | Spray  | 3.4    | 0.051  | 0.013  | 0      | 0.064  | 110    |
| oddler |        |        |        |        | .00017 |        |        |
| on     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Turf   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# Appendix M -- Assumptions 

+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| *      |      |             |                                       |
| *Table |      |             |                                       |
| M1.    |      |             |                                       |
| S      |      |             |                                       |
| ources |      |             |                                       |
| of     |      |             |                                       |
| Ex     |      |             |                                       |
| posure |      |             |                                       |
| Data   |      |             |                                       |
| Used   |      |             |                                       |
| In The |      |             |                                       |
| Occupa |      |             |                                       |
| tional |      |             |                                       |
| Arse   |      |             |                                       |
| nicals |      |             |                                       |
| H      |      |             |                                       |
| andler |      |             |                                       |
| Ex     |      |             |                                       |
| posure |      |             |                                       |
| And    |      |             |                                       |
| Risk   |      |             |                                       |
| Ca     |      |             |                                       |
| lculat |      |             |                                       |
| ions** |      |             |                                       |
+========+======+=============+=======================================+
| Ex     | Data | Standard    | Comments^b,c^                         |
| posure | So   | Assumptions |                                       |
| Sc     | urce |             |                                       |
| enario |      | (8-hr work  |                                       |
| (N     |      | day)^a^     |                                       |
| umber) |      |             |                                       |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| **     |      |             |                                       |
| Mixer/ |      |             |                                       |
| Loader |      |             |                                       |
| D      |      |             |                                       |
| escrip |      |             |                                       |
| tors** |      |             |                                       |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Mi     | PHED | **Aerial:** | **Baseline:** Dermal, hand, and       |
| xing/L | V1.1 | 1200 acres  | inhalation = acceptable grades. Hands |
| oading |      | for cotton; | = 53 replicates; Dermal = 72 to 122   |
| Liquid |      |             | replicates; and Inhalation = 85       |
| Formul |      | **Gr        | replicates. High confidence in hand,  |
| ations |      | oundboom:** | dermal, and inhalation data. No       |
|        |      | 200 acres   | protection factor was needed to       |
|        |      | for cotton, | define the unit exposures.            |
|        |      | 80 acres    |                                       |
|        |      | for turf on | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
|        |      | sod farms,  | used as for baseline coupled with a   |
|        |      | lawns/      | 50% protection factor to account for  |
|        |      | ornamental  | an additional layer of clothing.      |
|        |      | turf,       | Hands = acceptable grades. Hands = 59 |
|        |      | non-bearing | replicates. High confidence in hand   |
|        |      | fruits, nut | data. A respirator protection factor  |
|        |      | and         | of 5 is applied to estimate the use   |
|        |      | vineyards,  | of a quarter-face respirator          |
|        |      | 100 acres   | (dust/mist filtering only). A         |
|        |      | for         | respirator protection factor of 10 is |
|        |      | non-crop    | applied to estimate the use of a      |
|        |      | areas, 40   | half-face negative pressure           |
|        |      | acres for   | respirator or a powered air purifying |
|        |      | lawns       | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
|        |      | /ornamental | and/or organic vapor-removing).       |
|        |      | turf;       |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Hands,      |
|        |      | **Handgun   | dermal, and inhalation = acceptable   |
|        |      | (LCO):**100 | grades. Hands = 31 replicates; Dermal |
|        |      | acres for   | = 16 to 22 replicates; and Inhalation |
|        |      | lawns and   | = 27 replicates. High confidence in   |
|        |      | ornamental  | hand, dermal, and inhalation data.    |
|        |      | turf;       | Gloves were used coupled with         |
|        |      |             | engineering controls since empirical  |
|        |      | **Rights of | data without gloves were not          |
|        |      | way**: 80   | available and back calculation of     |
|        |      | acres for   | gloves to a no glove scenario is      |
|        |      | non-crop    | believed to give erroneously high     |
|        |      | areas       | estimates.                            |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Ap   |      |             |                                       |
| plying |      |             |                                       |
| D      |      |             |                                       |
| escrip |      |             |                                       |
| tors** |      |             |                                       |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Ap     | PHED | 1200 acres  | **Engineering Controls:** Dermal and  |
| plying | V1.1 | for cotton  | hands = AB grade and Inhalation = ABC |
| Sprays |      |             | grade. Dermal = 20 to 28 replicates;  |
| via    |      |             | Hands = 34 replicates; and Inhalation |
| Fixe   |      |             | = 23 replicates. High confidence in   |
| d-wing |      |             | dermal and hand data. Medium          |
| Ai     |      |             | confidence in inhalation data. No     |
| rcraft |      |             | protection factor was needed to       |
|        |      |             | define the unit exposure value.       |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | EPA has no data for this scenario,    |
|        |      |             | other than enclosed cockpits B the    |
|        |      |             | engineering control.                  |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Ap     | PHED | 200 acres   | **Baseline:** Dermal, hand, and       |
| plying | V1.1 | for cotton; | inhalation = AB grades. Dermal = 23   |
| Sprays |      | 80 acres    | to 42 replicates; Hands =29           |
| via    |      | for turf on | replicates; and Inhalation = 22       |
| Grou   |      | sod farms   | replicates. High confidence in hand,  |
| ndboom |      | and         | dermal, and inhalation data. No       |
| S      |      | non-bearing | protection factors were needed to     |
| prayer |      | fruits,     | define the unit exposure values.      |
|        |      | nuts, and   |                                       |
|        |      | vineyards;  | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
|        |      | 100 acres   | used as for baseline coupled with a   |
|        |      | for         | 50% protection factor to account for  |
|        |      | non-crop    | an additional layer of clothing.      |
|        |      | areas, and  | Hands = ABC grades. Hands = 21        |
|        |      | 40 acres    | replicates. Medium confidence in hand |
|        |      | for lawn    | data. A respirator protection factor  |
|        |      | and         | of 5 is applied to estimate the use   |
|        |      | ornamental  | of a quarter-face respirator          |
|        |      | turf        | (dust/mist filtering only). A         |
|        |      |             | respirator protection factor of 10 is |
|        |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
|        |      |             | half-face negative pressure           |
|        |      |             | respirator or a powered air purifying |
|        |      |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
|        |      |             | and/or organic vapor-removing).       |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Dermal and  |
|        |      |             | Hands = ABC grade. Inhalation = AB    |
|        |      |             | grades. Dermal = 20 to 31 replicates; |
|        |      |             | Hands = 16 replicates; and inhalation |
|        |      |             | = 16 replicates. Medium confidence in |
|        |      |             | the hand and dermal data. High        |
|        |      |             | confidence in inhalation data. No     |
|        |      |             | protection factor needed to define    |
|        |      |             | the unit exposure value. Protective   |
|        |      |             | gloves not used.                      |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Ap     | PHED | 5 acres for | **Baseline:** No data                 |
| plying | V1.1 | lawns and   |                                       |
| Sprays |      | ornamental  | **PPE:** Dermal and hands = C grade,  |
| via    |      | turf        | and inhalation = B grade. Dermal = 0  |
| H      |      |             | to 14 replicates; Hands = 14          |
| andgun |      |             | replicates; Inhalation = 14           |
| S      |      |             | replicates. Low confidence for        |
| prayer |      |             | dermal, hand, and inhalation data.    |
|        |      |             | Low confidence in inhalation data. A  |
|        |      |             | respirator protection factor of 5 is  |
|        |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
|        |      |             | quarter-face respirator (dust/mist    |
|        |      |             | filtering only). A respirator         |
|        |      |             | protection factor of 10 is applied to |
|        |      |             | estimate the use of a half-face       |
|        |      |             | negative pressure respirator or a     |
|        |      |             | powered air purifying respirator      |
|        |      |             | (dust/mist filtering and/or organic   |
|        |      |             | vapor-removing).                      |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Not         |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Ap     | PHED | 80 acres    | **Baseline:** Dermal = ABC grade with |
| plying | V1.1 | for         | 4-20 replicates; Hands = AB grade     |
| Sprays |      | non-crop    | with 16 replicates; inhalation = A    |
| via    |      | areas       | grade with 16 replicates. High        |
| Rights |      |             | confidence in inhalation data; low    |
| of Way |      |             | confidence in dermal/hand data due to |
| S      |      |             | lack of dermal replicates No          |
| prayer |      |             | protection factor was required to     |
|        |      |             | calculate unit exposures.             |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
|        |      |             | used as for baseline coupled with a   |
|        |      |             | 50% protection factor to account for  |
|        |      |             | an additional layer of clothing. Hand |
|        |      |             | = AB grade with 4 replicates. Low     |
|        |      |             | confidence in hand data due to the    |
|        |      |             | small number of replicates. A         |
|        |      |             | respirator protection factor of 5 is  |
|        |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
|        |      |             | quarter-face respirator (dust/mist    |
|        |      |             | filtering only). A respirator         |
|        |      |             | protection factor of 10 is applied to |
|        |      |             | estimate the use of a half-face       |
|        |      |             | negative pressure respirator or a     |
|        |      |             | powered air purifying respirator      |
|        |      |             | (dust/mist filtering and/or organic   |
|        |      |             | vapor-removing).                      |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls: :** Not       |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Fl   |      |             |                                       |
| agging |      |             |                                       |
| D      |      |             |                                       |
| escrip |      |             |                                       |
| tors** |      |             |                                       |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Fl     | PHED | 350 acres   | **Baseline:** Dermal, hands, and      |
| agging | V1.1 | for cotton  | inhalation = AB grades. Dermal = 18   |
| for    |      |             | to 28 replicates; Hands = 30          |
| Aerial |      |             | replicates; and Inhalation = 28       |
| Spray  |      |             | replicates. High confidence in        |
| Applic |      |             | dermal, hand, and inhalation data. No |
| ations |      |             | protection factor was required to     |
|        |      |             | calculate unit exposures.             |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
|        |      |             | used as for baseline coupled with a   |
|        |      |             | 50% protection factor to account for  |
|        |      |             | an additional layer of clothing. Hand |
|        |      |             | = AB grades. Hands = 6 replicates.    |
|        |      |             | Low confidence in hand data due to    |
|        |      |             | the small number of replicates. A     |
|        |      |             | respirator protection factor of 5 is  |
|        |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
|        |      |             | quarter-face respirator (dust/mist    |
|        |      |             | filtering only). A respirator         |
|        |      |             | protection factor of 10 is applied to |
|        |      |             | estimate the use of a half-face       |
|        |      |             | negative pressure respirator or a     |
|        |      |             | powered air purifying respirator      |
|        |      |             | (dust/mist filtering and/or organic   |
|        |      |             | vapor-removing).                      |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** The same    |
|        |      |             | data are used as for baseline coupled |
|        |      |             | with a 98% protection factor to       |
|        |      |             | account for the use of an engineering |
|        |      |             | control (e.g., sitting in a vehicle). |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| *      |      |             |                                       |
| *Mixin |      |             |                                       |
| g/Load |      |             |                                       |
| ing/Ap |      |             |                                       |
| plying |      |             |                                       |
| D      |      |             |                                       |
| escrip |      |             |                                       |
| tors** |      |             |                                       |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Mixin  | O    | 5 acres     | **Baseline:** Hands (no gloves) = 20  |
| g/Load | RETF |             | replicates; dermal = unknown          |
| ing/Ap | Chem |             | replicates; inhalation = unknown      |
| plying | ical |             | replicates                            |
| Liquid | Han  |             |                                       |
| Concen | dler |             | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
| trates | Expo |             | used as for baseline; gloved hands =  |
| via    | sure |             | 20 replicates. A respirator           |
| Low    | Stu  |             | protection factor of 5 is applied to  |
| Pr     | dies |             | estimate the use of a quarter-face    |
| essure | -    |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
| Ha     |      |             | only). A respirator protection factor |
| ndwand |      |             | of 10 is applied to estimate the use  |
| (Ga    |      |             | of a half-face negative pressure      |
| rdens) |      |             | respirator or a powered air purifying |
|        |      |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
|        |      |             | and/or organic vapor-removing).       |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Not         |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Mixin  | O    | 5 acres     | **Baseline:** Hands (no gloves) = no  |
| g/Load | RETF |             | data; dermal = 15 replicates;         |
| ing/Ap | Chem |             | inhalation = 15 replicates            |
| plying | ical |             |                                       |
| Liquid | Han  |             | **PPE: :** The same dermal data are   |
| Concen | dler |             | used as for baseline coupled with a   |
| trates | Expo |             | 50% protection factor to account for  |
| via    | sure |             | an additional layer of clothing;      |
| H      | Stu  |             | gloved hands = 15 replicates. A       |
| andgun | dies |             | respirator protection factor of 5 is  |
| S      |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
| prayer |      |             | quarter-face respirator (dust/mist    |
| (ORETF |      |             | filtering only). A respirator         |
| data)  |      |             | protection factor of 10 is applied to |
|        |      |             | estimate the use of a half-face       |
|        |      |             | negative pressure respirator or a     |
|        |      |             | powered air purifying respirator      |
|        |      |             | (dust/mist filtering and/or organic   |
|        |      |             | vapor-removing).                      |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Not         |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Ap     | O    | 1000 ft^2^  | **Baseline:** Hands (no gloves) = 20  |
| plying | RETF |             | replicates; dermal = unknown          |
| Ready  | Chem |             | replicates; inhalation = unknown      |
| to Use | ical |             | replicates                            |
| Formul | Han  |             |                                       |
| ations | dler |             | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
| via    | Expo |             | used as for baseline; gloved hands =  |
| T      | sure |             | 20 replicates. A respirator           |
| rigger | Stu  |             | protection factor of 5 is applied to  |
| Pump   | dies |             | estimate the use of a quarter-face    |
| S      |      |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
| prayer |      |             | only). A respirator protection factor |
|        |      |             | of 10 is applied to estimate the use  |
|        |      |             | of a half-face negative pressure      |
|        |      |             | respirator or a powered air purifying |
|        |      |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
|        |      |             | and/or organic vapor-removing).       |
|        |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Not         |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Mixin  | O    | 1000 ft^2^  | **Baseline:** Hands (no gloves) = 30  |
| g/Load | RETF |             | replicates; dermal = 30 replicates;   |
| ing/Ap | Chem |             | inhalation = 30 replicates            |
| plying | ical |             |                                       |
| L      | Han  |             | **PPE:** The same dermal data are     |
| iquids | dler |             | used as for baseline; gloved hands =  |
| with   | Expo |             | no data. A respirator protection      |
| Wa     | sure |             | factor of 5 is applied to estimate    |
| tering | Stu  |             | the use of a quarter-face respirator  |
| Can    | dies |             | (dust/mist filtering only). A         |
| (using |      |             | respirator protection factor of 10 is |
| ORETF  |      |             | applied to estimate the use of a      |
| ho     |      |             | half-face negative pressure           |
| se-end |      |             | respirator or a powered air purifying |
| s      |      |             | respirator (dust/mist filtering       |
| prayer |      |             | and/or organic vapor-removing).       |
| data)  |      |             |                                       |
|        |      |             | **Engineering Controls:** Not         |
|        |      |             | considered feasible for this exposure |
|        |      |             | scenario.                             |
+--------+------+-------------+---------------------------------------+

 All Standard Assumptions are based on an 8-hour work day as estimated
by the Agency.

 All handler exposure assessments in this document are based on the
\"Best Available\" data as defined by the HED SOP for meeting
Subdivision U Guidelines (i.e., completing exposure assessments). Best
available grades are assigned to data as follows: matrices with A and B
grade data (i.e., Acceptable Grade Data) [and]{.underline} a minimum of
15 replicates; if not available, then grades A, B and C data and a
minimum of 15 replicates; if not available, then all data regardless of
the quality (i.e., All Grade Data) and number of replicates. High
quality data with a protection factor take precedence over low quality
data with no protection factor. Generic data confidence categories are
assigned as follows:

High = grades A and B and 15 or more replicates per body part

Medium = grades A, B, and C and 15 or more replicates per body part

Low = grades A, B, C, D and E [or]{.underline} any combination of grades
with less than 15 replicates.

-   **PHED grading criteria do not reflect overall quality of the
    reliability of the assessment. Sources of the exposure factors
    should also be considered in the risk**

+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| **Table    |       |        |                                       |
| M2:        |       |        |                                       |
| Sources of |       |        |                                       |
| Exposure   |       |        |                                       |
| Data Used  |       |        |                                       |
| In The     |       |        |                                       |
| R          |       |        |                                       |
| esidential |       |        |                                       |
| Arsenicals |       |        |                                       |
| Handler    |       |        |                                       |
| Exposure   |       |        |                                       |
| And Risk   |       |        |                                       |
| Calc       |       |        |                                       |
| ulations** |       |        |                                       |
+============+=======+========+=======================================+
| Exposure   | Data  | St     | Comments^b,c^                         |
| Scenario   | S     | andard |                                       |
| (Number)   | ource | Assum  |                                       |
|            |       | ptions |                                       |
|            |       |        |                                       |
|            |       | (8-hr  |                                       |
|            |       | work   |                                       |
|            |       | d      |                                       |
|            |       | ay)^a^ |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| **Mix      |       |        |                                       |
| er/Loader/ |       |        |                                       |
| Applicator |       |        |                                       |
| Des        |       |        |                                       |
| criptors** |       |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| Mix        | ORETF | 0.5    | **Baseline (short-sleeve shirt and    |
| ing/Loadin | Che   | acres  | short pants):** Hands (no gloves) =   |
| g/Applying | mical |        | 20 replicates; dermal = unknown       |
| Liquid     | Ha    |        | replicates; inhalation = unknown      |
| Co         | ndler |        | replicates                            |
| ncentrates | Exp   |        |                                       |
| with Low   | osure |        |                                       |
| Pressure   | Stu   |        |                                       |
| Handwand   | dies: |        |                                       |
|            | Ga    |        |                                       |
|            | rdens |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| Mix        | ORETF | 0.5    | **Baseline (short-sleeve shirt and    |
| ing/Loadin | Che   | acres  | short pants):** Hands (no gloves) =   |
| g/Applying | mical |        | 20 replicates; dermal = 20            |
| Liquid     | Ha    |        | replicates; inhalation = 20           |
| Co         | ndler |        | replicates                            |
| ncentrates | Exp   |        |                                       |
| with       | osure |        |                                       |
| Hose-End   | Stu   |        |                                       |
| Sprayer    | dies: |        |                                       |
|            | Ga    |        |                                       |
|            | rdens |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| Mix        | ORETF | 0.5    | **Baseline: Dermal, h**ands (no       |
| ing/Loadin | Che   | acres  | gloves), and inhalation = 30          |
| g/Applying | mical |        | replicates; no PPE data available for |
| Liquid     | Ha    |        | hands (i.e., no glove data            |
| Co         | ndler |        | available).                           |
| ncentrates | Exp   |        |                                       |
| with       | osure |        |                                       |
| Re         | St    |        |                                       |
| ady-to-Use | udies |        |                                       |
| Hose-End   |       |        |                                       |
| Sprayer    |       |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| Applying   | MRID  | 1000   | **Baseline:** The only empirical data |
| Ready to   | 4105  | ft^2^  | that are available are based on the   |
| Use        | 47-01 |        | use of no protective clothing.        |
| Fo         |       |        |                                       |
| rmulations |       |        |                                       |
| via        |       |        |                                       |
| Trigger    |       |        |                                       |
| Pump       |       |        |                                       |
| Sprayer    |       |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| Applying   | ORETF | 1000   | **Baseline:** Hands (no gloves) = 20  |
| Ready to   | Che   | ft^2^  | replicates; dermal = unknown          |
| Use        | mical |        | replicates; inhalation = unknown      |
| Fo         | Ha    |        | replicates                            |
| rmulations | ndler |        |                                       |
| via        | Exp   |        |                                       |
| Trigger    | osure |        |                                       |
| Pump       | St    |        |                                       |
| Sprayer    | udies |        |                                       |
+------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------+

**PPE and Engineering Controls** data are not required for this
assessment.

a All *Standard Assumptions* are based on an 8-hour work day as
estimated by HED. BEAD data were not available.

b All handler exposure assessments in this document are based on the
\"Best Available\" data as defined by the PHED SOP for meeting
Subdivision U Guidelines (i.e., completing exposure assessments). Best
available grades are assigned to data as follows: matrices with A and B
grade data (i.e., Acceptable Grade Data) [and]{.underline} a minimum of
15 replicates; if not available, then grades A, B and C data and a
minimum of 15 replicates; if not available, then all data regardless of
the quality (i.e., All Grade Data) and number of replicates. High
quality data with a protection factor take precedence over low quality
data with no protection factor. Generic data confidence categories are
assigned as follows:

High = grades A and B and 15 or more replicates per body part

Medium = grades A, B, and C and 15 or more replicates per body part

Low = grades A, B, C, D and E [or]{.underline} any combination of grades
with less than 15 replicates.

c **PHED grading criteria do not reflect overall quality of the
reliability of the assessment. Sources of the exposure factors should
also be considered in the risk management decision.**