**Terms and abbreviations:**

port an electrical connection using multiple wires to send data
typically between a computer and a device

interface a standardized method of communicating data typically between
a computer and a device

bit a single binary digit (that is, a "0" or a "1")

byte 8 bits (with 28 = 256 possible binary values, typically enough to
encode a single character such as a letter or digit)

bps bits per second

Bps bytes per second

Mbps mega (1,000,000) bits per second

MBps mega (1,000,000) bytes per second

pixel picture element (that is, a single dot on a display which may have
any color that is available on that display)

kHz kilohertz (1000 cycles per second)

real time the speed of real time signals must keep up with physical
phenomena such as sound or an electron beam scanning a monitor

serial transferring a series of data bits one bit at a time, typically
using one or two data wires; the opposite of parallel data transfers

parallel transferring more than one data bit at a time, typically using
one or two data wires per bit; the opposite of serial data transfers

+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| **Port or | **D | *     | *    | **    | **Connector |             |
| interface | ata | *Data | *Typ | Comme | appearance  |             |
| name**    | w   | tra   | ical | nts** | or port     |             |
|           | idt | nsfer | u    |       | icon**      |             |
|           | h** | r     | se** |       |             |             |
|           |     | ate** |      |       |             |             |
+===========+=====+=======+======+=======+=============+=============+
| Video     | ana | real  | cat  | VGA   | ![](med     | VGA plug    |
| Graphics  | log | time  | hode | was   | ia/image1.j | (male       |
| Adapter   | s   | at    | ray  | first | peg){width= | connector)  |
| (VGA) or  | ign | r     | tube | mar   | "1.76180555 | on a cable  |
| Super‑VGA | als | esolu | (    | keted | 55555556in" | above and a |
| (SVGA)    | inc | tions | CRT) | by    | height="    | 15-pin VGA  |
|           | lud | of    | mon  | IBM   | 1.922222222 | receptacle  |
|           | ing | 32    | itor | in    | 2222223in"} | (female     |
|           | se  | 0×200 |      | 1987; |             | connector)  |
|           | par | to    |      | SVGA  |             | on a        |
|           | ate | about |      | was   |             | computer or |
|           | r   | 1600  |      | origi |             | monitor     |
|           | ed, | ×1200 |      | nally |             | below       |
|           | gre | p     |      | 80    |             |             |
|           | en, | ixels |      | 0×600 |             |             |
|           | bl  | (or   |      | pi    |             |             |
|           | ue, | even  |      | xels, |             |             |
|           | h   | h     |      | but   |             |             |
|           | ori | igher |      | many  |             |             |
|           | zon | resol |      | man   |             |             |
|           | tal | ution |      | ufact |             |             |
|           | sy  | for   |      | urers |             |             |
|           | nc, | some  |      | upg   |             |             |
|           | and | ven   |      | raded |             |             |
|           | ve  | dors) |      | SVGA  |             |             |
|           | rti | at    |      | many  |             |             |
|           | cal | about |      | times |             |             |
|           | s   | 50 to |      |       |             |             |
|           | ync | 85    |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | fra   |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | mes/s |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | econd |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Digital   | A   | real  | li   | DVI   | ![](med     | DVI plug    |
| Visual    | sin | time  | quid | conne | ia/image2.j | (male       |
| Interface | gle | at    | cry  | ctors | peg){width= | connector)  |
| (DVI)     | DVI | r     | stal | have  | "1.76875in" | on cable    |
|           | l   | esolu | dis  | up to | height="    |             |
|           | ink | tions | play | 24    | 1.225694444 |             |
|           | tra | up to | (    | pins  | 4444444in"} |             |
|           | nsm | 1920  | LCD) | for   |             |             |
|           | its | ×1200 | mon  | di    |             |             |
|           | 4 b | (W    | itor | gital |             |             |
|           | its | UXGA) |      | si    |             |             |
|           | (   | at 60 |      | gnals |             |             |
|           | one | f     |      | and   |             |             |
|           | bit | rames |      | may   |             |             |
|           | e   | per   |      | in    |             |             |
|           | ach | s     |      | clude |             |             |
|           | for | econd |      | l     |             |             |
|           | r   | for a |      | egacy |             |             |
|           | ed, | s     |      | VGA   |             |             |
|           | bl  | ingle |      | a     |             |             |
|           | ue, | link, |      | nalog |             |             |
|           | gre | and   |      | (red, |             |             |
|           | en, | up to |      | g     |             |             |
|           | and | 2560  |      | reen, |             |             |
|           | the | ×1600 |      | blue, |             |             |
|           | clo | (W    |      | sync) |             |             |
|           | ck) | QXGA) |      | si    |             |             |
|           | per | at 60 |      | gnals |             |             |
|           | pix | f     |      | using |             |             |
|           | el, | rames |      | an    |             |             |
|           | s   | per   |      | addit |             |             |
|           | ent | s     |      | ional |             |             |
|           | se  | econd |      | 5     |             |             |
|           | ria | for   |      | pins. |             |             |
|           | lly | dual  |      |       |             |             |
|           | for | link  |      | The   |             |             |
|           | 24  |       |      | s     |             |             |
|           | b   |       |      | econd |             |             |
|           | its |       |      | link  |             |             |
|           | per |       |      | can   |             |             |
|           | pix |       |      | be    |             |             |
|           | el, |       |      | used  |             |             |
|           | p   |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           | lus |       |      | more  |             |             |
|           | c   |       |      | p     |             |             |
|           | ont |       |      | ixels |             |             |
|           | rol |       |      | (     |             |             |
|           | s   |       |      | incre |             |             |
|           | ign |       |      | asing |             |             |
|           | als |       |      | r     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | esolu |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | tion) |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | or    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | more  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | bits  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | per   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | pixel |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | incre |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | asing |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | n     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | umber |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | of    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | col   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ors). |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | pin layout  |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image3. | of a plug   |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | for         |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.75972222 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 22222222in" | DVI-I       |
|           |     |       |      |       | heigh       | (Single     |
|           |     |       |      |       | t="3.45in"} | Link,       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | digital a   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | nd analog); |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | DVI-I (Dual |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | Link,       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | digital a   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | nd analog); |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | DVI-D       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | (Single     |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | Link;       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | dig         |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | ital only); |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | DVI-D (Dual |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | Link,       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | dig         |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | ital only); |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | DVI-A       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | (a          |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | nalog only) |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| PC Card   | 16  | 3.92  | mo   | card  | ![](med     | PC card     |
| Adapter,  | b   | MBps  | dem, | thick | ia/image4.j | inserted in |
| or        | its | to    | Ethe | ness: | peg){width= | a port with |
| P         | (ty | 132   | rnet | 3     | "1.75972222 | a cable     |
| eripheral | pe  | MBps  | adap | .3 mm | 22222222in" | attached    |
| Component | I); | (     | ter, | for   | height="    |             |
| Mic       |     | DWord | port | ty    | 0.989583333 |             |
| rochannel | 16  | Ca    | able | pe I; | 3333334in"} |             |
| Int       | or  | rdBus | f    | 5     |             |             |
| erconnect | 32  | burst | lash | .0 mm |             |             |
| Arc       | b   | mode) | me   | for   |             |             |
| hitecture | its |       | mory | typ   |             |             |
| (PCMCIA)  | (ty |       |      | e II; |             |             |
|           | pes |       |      | 10    |             |             |
|           | II  |       |      | .5 mm |             |             |
|           | or  |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           | III |       |      | typ   |             |             |
|           | or  |       |      | e III |             |             |
|           | Ca  |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | rdB |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | us) |       |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Audio out | 2   | real  | s    | about | ![](        | Audio       |
|           | ana | time  | peak | 1 vol | media/image | (speakers   |
|           | log |       | ers, | t RMS | 5.png){widt | or          |
|           | for |       | he   |       | h="1.125in" | headphones) |
|           | ste |       | adph |       | height="    | output on   |
|           | reo |       | ones |       | 0.885416666 | left;       |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666666in"} |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | microphone  |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | input on    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | right       |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Mi        | 1   | real  | mi   | m     |             |             |
| crophones | or  | time  | crop | icrop |             |             |
| in        | 2   |       | hone | hones |             |             |
|           | ana |       |      | gen   |             |             |
|           | log |       |      | erate |             |             |
|           | s   |       |      | milli |             |             |
|           | ign |       |      | volts |             |             |
|           | als |       |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Line in   | 2   | real  | a    | audio | ![](me      | Mono and    |
|           | ana | time  | udio | ampli | dia/image6. | stereo      |
|           | log |       | CD   | fiers | png){width= | 3.5 mm      |
|           | s   |       | pla  | o     | "1.42708333 | miniature   |
|           | ign |       | yer, | utput | 33333333in" | phone plugs |
|           | als |       | ra   | about | height="    | (male) on   |
|           | for |       | dio, | 1     | 1.072916666 | cables;     |
|           | ste |       | home |  volt | 6666667in"} |             |
|           | reo |       | aud  | RMS   | ![](med     | icon for    |
|           |     |       | io/v |       | ia/image7.j | line input  |
|           |     |       | ideo |       | peg){width= | connector   |
|           |     |       | sy   |       | "0.26041666 |             |
|           |     |       | stem |       | 66666667in" |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="0   |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | .1979166666 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666666in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| S-Video / | 2   | real  | te   | S‑    | ![](m       | Computer    |
| TV out    | ana | time  | levi | Video | edia/image8 | port with   |
|           | log |       | sion | has   | .png){width | S‑Video and |
| (S-Video  | s   |       |      | sep   | ="1.7611111 | composite:  |
| is also   | ign |       |      | arate | 11111111in" |             |
| called    | als |       |      | wires | height="    | Pins 1 & 2: |
| Y/C       | for |       |      | for   | 1.813194444 | Ground      |
| video)    | S‑  |       |      | inte  | 4444446in"} |             |
|           | Vid |       |      | nsity |             | Pin 3: Y    |
|           | eo; |       |      | (Y;   |             | (intensity  |
|           |     |       |      | lumi  |             | or          |
|           | 1   |       |      | nance |             | luminance)  |
|           | ana |       |      | &     |             |             |
|           | log |       |      | sync) |             | Pin 4: C    |
|           | a   |       |      | and   |             | (color or   |
|           | ddi |       |      | color |             | c           |
|           | tio |       |      | (C;   |             | hrominance) |
|           | nal |       |      | chr   |             |             |
|           | sig |       |      | omina |             | Pins 5, 6,  |
|           | nal |       |      | nce); |             | 7:          |
|           | for |       |      | comp  |             | nonstandard |
|           | op  |       |      | osite |             | composite   |
|           | tio |       |      | video |             | video and   |
|           | nal |       |      | has   |             | maybe sound |
|           | com |       |      | one   |             |             |
|           | pos |       |      | a     |             |             |
|           | ite |       |      | nalog |             |             |
|           | vi  |       |      | s     |             |             |
|           | deo |       |      | ignal |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Modem     | 1   | 300   | dig  | ph    | ![](me      | Broadband   |
|           | ana | bps   | ital | one's | dia/image9. | DSL or ADSL |
|           | log | to    | data | RJ11  | png){width= | modem       |
|           | sig | about | tran | conn  | "1.75972222 |             |
|           | nal | 56    | sfer | ector | 22222222in" |             |
|           | o   |  Kbps | over | with  | height="    |             |
|           | ver | for   | a    | 2 to  | 1.319444444 |             |
|           | 2   | sta   | t    | 6     | 4444444in"} |             |
|           |  wi | ndard | elep | pins  |             |             |
|           | res | m     | hone | is    |             |             |
|           | (bi | odems | line | sm    |             |             |
|           | dir | that  |      | aller |             |             |
|           | ec- | use   |      | than  |             |             |
|           | tio | the   |      | Ether |             |             |
|           | nal | voice |      | net's |             |             |
|           | h   | band  |      | RJ45  |             |             |
|           | alf | of a  |      | conn  |             |             |
|           | dup | phone |      | ector |             |             |
|           | lex | line; |      | with  |             |             |
|           | in  |       |      | 8     |             |             |
|           | ph  | up to |      | pins  |             |             |
|           | one | about |      |       |             |             |
|           | vo  | 8     |      |       |             |             |
|           | ice |  Mbps |      |       |             |             |
|           | ba  | for   |      |       |             |             |
|           | nd, | broa  |      |       |             |             |
|           | or  | dband |      |       |             |             |
|           | se  | Asymm |      |       |             |             |
|           | par | etric |      |       |             |             |
|           | ate | Di    |      |       |             |             |
|           | up  | gital |      |       |             |             |
|           | str | Subsc |      |       |             |             |
|           | eam | riber |      |       |             |             |
|           | and | Line  |      |       |             |             |
|           | do  | (     |      |       |             |             |
|           | wn- | ADSL) |      |       |             |             |
|           | str | m     |      |       |             |             |
|           | eam | odems |      |       |             |             |
|           | A   |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | DSL |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | fre |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | que |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | ncy |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | cha |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | nne |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | ls) |       |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | ![](me      |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image10. | dia/image11 |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | .png){width |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.79375in" | ="1.7625in" |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | height="    |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.409722222 | 1.115972222 |
|           |     |       |      |       | 2222223in"} | 2222221in"} |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | computer to |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | modem to    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | phone line  |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | connections |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Ethernet  | 1   | 10,   | n    | peer  | ![](med     | Cable with  |
|           | bit | 100,  | etwo | to    | ia/image12. | an 8‑wire   |
|           |     | or    | rked | peer  | png){width= | RJ45 plug   |
|           |     | 1000  | c    | (so   | "1.76666666 | (male       |
|           |     | Mbps  | ompu | any   | 66666666in" | connector)  |
|           |     |       | ters | node  | height      | on each end |
|           |     |       | and  | can   | ="1.325in"} |             |
|           |     |       | prin | ini   |             |             |
|           |     |       | ters | tiate |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | se    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | nding |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | data) |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | using |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Ca    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | rrier |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Sense |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Mul   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | tiple |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | A     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ccess |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | with  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Coll  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ision |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Dete  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ction |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (CSM  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | A/CD) |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | RJ45        |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image13. | receptacle  |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | (8‑pin      |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.75972222 | female      |
|           |     |       |      |       | 22222222in" | connector)  |
|           |     |       |      |       | height=     | with its    |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.32013888 | Ethernet    |
|           |     |       |      |       | 8888889in"} | icon at the |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | left        |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Infrared  | 1   | 2400  | prin | Si    | ![](me      | Infrared    |
|           | bit | to    | ter, | milar | dia/image14 | port (on    |
| (also     |     | 11    | mo   | to a  | .png){width | the right)  |
| called an |     | 5,200 | use, | T     | ="1.7625in" | on a laptop |
| IrDA port |     | bps   | keyb | V/VCR | height="    | computer    |
| for       |     | for   | oard | re    | 1.163194444 |             |
| Infrared  |     | IrDA  |      | mote, | 4444444in"} |             |
| Data      |     | 1.1;  |      | this  |             |             |
| Ass       |     |       |      | port  |             |             |
| ociation) |     | Up to |      | a     |             |             |
|           |     | 4     |      | llows |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  |      | two   |             |             |
|           |     | for   |      | comp  |             |             |
|           |     | new   |      | uters |             |             |
|           |     | IrDA  |      | or a  |             |             |
|           |     | de    |      | com   |             |             |
|           |     | vices |      | puter |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | and a |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | d     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | evice |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | to    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | c     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ommun |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | icate |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | with  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | each  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | other |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | wi    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | thout |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | use   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | of    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | w     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ires. |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | Cones       |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image15. | showing     |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | required    |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.75902777 | alignment   |
|           |     |       |      |       | 77777779in" | of infrared |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | ports       |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.322222222 | between a   |
|           |     |       |      |       | 2222222in"} | laptop      |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | computer    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | and a       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | printer     |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Serial    | 1   | typi  | mo   | bid   | ![](med     | male 9-pin  |
| RS-232-C  | bit | cally | dem, | irect | ia/image16. | D-shell     |
|           |     | 75 to | prin | ional | png){width= | RS232C      |
| (this is  |     | 12    | ter, | using | "1.75833333 | serial      |
| a         |     | 8,000 | mo   | one   | 33333333in" | connector   |
| standard  |     | bps,  | use, | tra   | height="    | on a PC     |
| for       |     | alt   | keyb | nsmit | 1.31875in"} |             |
| serial    |     | hough | oard | wire  |             |             |
| binary    |     | the   |      | and   |             |             |
| comm      |     | RS‑   |      | one   |             |             |
| unication |     | 232‑C |      | re    |             |             |
| by the    |     | sta   |      | ceive |             |             |
| E         |     | ndard |      | wire; |             |             |
| lectronic |     | does  |      | as    |             |             |
| I         |     | not   |      | ynchr |             |             |
| ndustries |     | d     |      | onous |             |             |
| Alliance  |     | efine |      | (no   |             |             |
| \[EIA\],  |     | bit   |      | sep   |             |             |
| where     |     | rates |      | arate |             |             |
| "RS" is   |     | for   |      | clock |             |             |
| an        |     | tr    |      | wire  |             |             |
| abb       |     | ansmi |      | is    |             |             |
| reviation |     | ssion |      | incl  |             |             |
| for       |     | nor   |      | uded, |             |             |
| "RETMA    |     | prot  |      | but   |             |             |
| Standard" |     | ocols |      | there |             |             |
| pr        |     | for   |      | are   |             |             |
| omulgated |     | char  |      | other |             |             |
| in 1969   |     | acter |      | co    |             |             |
| by RETMA, |     | enco  |      | ntrol |             |             |
| which was |     | ding, |      | si    |             |             |
| a         |     | error |      | gnals |             |             |
| precursor |     | detec |      | so    |             |             |
| of the    |     | tion, |      | e     |             |             |
| EIA)      |     | or    |      | ither |             |             |
|           |     | data  |      | side  |             |             |
|           |     | c     |      | can   |             |             |
|           |     | ompre |      | ini   |             |             |
|           |     | ssion |      | tiate |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | or    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | pause |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | data  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | trans |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | fers) |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | a male      |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image17 | 25‑pin      |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | D‑shell     |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | plug (left) |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | and a       |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.321527777 | female      |
|           |     |       |      |       | 7777779in"} | 9‑pin       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | D‑shell     |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | connector   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | (right) on  |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | a cable for |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | RS232C      |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | serial      |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | co          |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | mmunication |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | between a   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | PC and a    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | device      |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| PS/2      | 1   | about | mo   | s     | ![](med     | PS/2 mouse  |
|           | bit | 7000  | use, | ynchr | ia/image18. | or keyboard |
|           |     | to    | keyb | onous | png){width= | connector   |
|           |     | about | oard | data  | "1.76180555 | on a PC,    |
|           |     | 1     |      | tr    | 55555556in" | typically   |
|           |     | 2,000 |      | ansmi | height="    | with an     |
|           |     | bps   |      | ssion | 1.811111111 | icon for a  |
|           |     |       |      | from  | 1111111in"} | mouse       |
|           |     |       |      | d     |             | (cyan) or   |
|           |     |       |      | evice |             | for a       |
|           |     |       |      | to PC |             | keyboard    |
|           |     |       |      | with  |             | (magenta)   |
|           |     |       |      | a     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 10 -- |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 16.7  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | kHz   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | c     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | lock; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | sup   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | plies |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | d     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | evice |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | with  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | power |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | of    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 5     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | volts |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | at up |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | to    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 2     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 75 mA |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Parallel  | 8   | 36    | prin | Centr | ![](me      | 25‑pin      |
| (I        | b   | 0,360 | ter, | onics | dia/image19 | D-shell     |
| EEE 1284, | its | Bps   | scan | or    | .png){width | receptacle  |
| where     |     | for   | ner, | sta   | ="1.7625in" | (above) on  |
| "IEEE" is |     | Centr | magn | ndard | height="    | a computer  |
| an        |     | onics | etic | mode  | 1.321527777 |             |
| abb       |     | or    | tape | has   | 7777779in"} |             |
| reviation |     | sta   |      | 8     |             |             |
| for the   |     | ndard |      |  bits |             |             |
| "         |     | mode; |      | out   |             |             |
| Institute |     |       |      | of    |             |             |
| of        |     | about |      | and   |             |             |
| E         |     | 2     |      | 4     |             |             |
| lectrical |     |  MBps |      |  bits |             |             |
| and       |     | for   |      | into  |             |             |
| E         |     | EPP   |      | the   |             |             |
| lectronic |     | mode; |      | com   |             |             |
| En        |     |       |      | puter |             |             |
| gineers") |     | about |      | port; |             |             |
|           |     | 2.5   |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |  MBps |      | Enh   |             |             |
|           |     | for   |      | anced |             |             |
|           |     | ECP   |      | Par   |             |             |
|           |     | mode  |      | allel |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Port  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (EPP) |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | has   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 8     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |  bits |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | in    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | /out; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Ext   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ended |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Capab |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ility |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Port  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (ECP) |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | has   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 8     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |  bits |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | i     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | n/out |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | Centronics  |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image20 | parallel    |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | 36‑pin plug |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | (above, to  |
|           |     |       |      |       | height=     | a printer)  |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.7625in"} | and a       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | 25‑pin      |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | D-shell     |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | plug        |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | (below, to  |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | a computer) |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | on a cable  |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Universal | 1   | 1.5   | prin | up to | ![](me      | Type A      |
| Serial    | bit | Mbps  | ter, | 127   | dia/image21 | receptacle  |
| Bus       |     | low   | scan | de    | .png){width | on a        |
| (USB 1.1  |     | speed | ner, | vices | ="1.5625in" | computer    |
| or        |     | for   | mo   | per   | height="    | host or a   |
| USB 2.0)  |     | USB   | dem, | host  | 1.166666666 | hub         |
|           |     | 1.1   | mo   | port  | 6666667in"} |             |
|           |     | or    | use, | using |             |             |
|           |     | 2.0;  | k    | hubs; |             |             |
|           |     |       | eybo |       |             |             |
|           |     | 12    | ard, | sup   |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  | port | plies |             |             |
|           |     | full  | able | 5     |             |             |
|           |     | speed | f    | volts |             |             |
|           |     | for   | lash | at    |             |             |
|           |     | USB   | mem  | 100   |             |             |
|           |     | 1.1   | ory, | to    |             |             |
|           |     | or    | port | 500   |             |             |
|           |     | 2.0;  | able | mi    |             |             |
|           |     |       | m    | lliam |             |             |
|           |     | 480   | edia | peres |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  | pla  | for   |             |             |
|           |     | hi    | yer, | use   |             |             |
|           |     | speed | exte | by    |             |             |
|           |     | for   | rnal | each  |             |             |
|           |     | US    | fl   | de    |             |             |
|           |     | B 2.0 | oppy | vice; |             |             |
|           |     |       | or   |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | hard | 4     |             |             |
|           |     |       | or   | wires |             |             |
|           |     |       | opt  | in a  |             |             |
|           |     |       | ical | shi   |             |             |
|           |     |       | d    | elded |             |             |
|           |     |       | isk, | cable |             |             |
|           |     |       | dig  | up to |             |             |
|           |     |       | ital | 5     |             |             |
|           |     |       | s    | m     |             |             |
|           |     |       | till | eters |             |             |
|           |     |       | or   | (16.4 |             |             |
|           |     |       | v    | feet) |             |             |
|           |     |       | ideo | long; |             |             |
|           |     |       | cam  |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | era, | de    |             |             |
|           |     |       | PDA  | vices |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | c     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | annot |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | send  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | data  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | until |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | they  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | are   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | p     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | olled |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | by    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | host; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ho    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | tplug |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | gable |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (that |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | is,   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | cable |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | plugs |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | can   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | be    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ins   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | erted |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | into  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | or    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | re    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | moved |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | from  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | r     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ecept |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | acles |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | while |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | power |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | is    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | on)   |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | Type A plug |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image22 | (above) to  |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | a host or   |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7611111 | hub, and a  |
|           |     |       |      |       | 11111111in" | Type B plug |
|           |     |       |      |       | height=     | (below) to  |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.76111111 | a device on |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1111111in"} | the ends of |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | a typical   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | full‑siz    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | e‑connector |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | cable       |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | Mini‑A plug |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image23. | (left,      |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | white) to a |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.76041666 | computer,   |
|           |     |       |      |       | 66666667in" | and a       |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | Mini‑B plug |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.204166666 | (right,     |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666666in"} | black) to a |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | device on   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | the ends of |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | a typical   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | min         |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | i‑connector |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | cable       |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | Symbol for  |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image24. | USB         |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | (especially |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.30208333 | USB 1.1)    |
|           |     |       |      |       | 33333333in" |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 0.59375in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | Symbol for  |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image25. | USB 2.0     |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | high speed  |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.30208333 | (480 MBps)  |
|           |     |       |      |       | 33333333in" |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 0.729166666 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666666in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| FireWire  | 1   | 100   | prin | up to | ![](med     | FireWire    |
| 400       | bit | Mbps, | ter, | 63    | ia/image26. | 4‑pin mini  |
| (IE       |     | 200   | scan | dai   | png){width= | receptacle  |
| EE 1394a, |     | Mbps, | ner, | sy-ch | "1.71875in" | on a        |
| or        |     | or    | port | ained | height="    | computer    |
| So        |     | 400   | able | de    | 1.96875in"} |             |
| ny i.Link |     |  Mbps | m    | vices |             |             |
| with no   |     | for   | edia | up to |             |             |
| power to  |     | Fir   | pla  | 4.5   |             |             |
| devices); |     | eWire | yer, | m     |             |             |
|           |     |  400; | exte | eters |             |             |
| FireWire  |     |       | rnal | a     |             |             |
| 800       |     | 800   | fl   | part; |             |             |
| (IE       |     | Mbps  | oppy |       |             |             |
| EE 1394b) |     | for   | or   | 30    |             |             |
|           |     | Fi    | hard | volts |             |             |
|           |     | reWir | or   | at up |             |             |
|           |     | e 800 | opt  | to    |             |             |
|           |     |       | ical | 45    |             |             |
|           |     |       | d    | watts |             |             |
|           |     |       | isk, | (1.   |             |             |
|           |     |       | dig  | 5 amp |             |             |
|           |     |       | ital | eres) |             |             |
|           |     |       | s    | per   |             |             |
|           |     |       | till | port; |             |             |
|           |     |       | or   |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | v    | peer  |             |             |
|           |     |       | ideo | to    |             |             |
|           |     |       | ca   | peer  |             |             |
|           |     |       | mera | de    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | vices |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | (wi   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | thout |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | using |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | CPU   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | or    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | s     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ystem |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | mem   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ory); |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | hot   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | plugg |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | able; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | lic   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ensed |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | by    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | Apple |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | FireWire    |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image27 | 4‑pin mini  |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | plug (left, |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | to the      |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | computer)   |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.252777777 | and         |
|           |     |       |      |       | 7777778in"} | FireWire    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | 6‑pin       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | standard    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | plug        |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | (right, to  |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | the device) |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Industry  | 8   | 4.77  | inte | lo    | ![](medi    | One 8-bit   |
| Standard  | or  | MBps  | rnal | cated | a/image28.j | ISA slot    |
| Arc       | 16  | for   | i    | on    | peg){width= | and five    |
| hitecture | b   | 8‑bit | nter | the   | "1.76180555 | 16-bit      |
| (ISA)     | its | ISA;  | face | mo    | 55555556in" | Extended    |
| bus,      |     |       | c    | therb | height="    | ISA slots   |
| or PC bus |     | 8.66  | ards | oard; | 0.722222222 |             |
|           |     |  MBps | for  |       | 2222222in"} |             |
|           |     | for   | most | 1     |             |             |
|           |     | 1     | PC   | inte  |             |             |
|           |     | 6‑bit | per  | rface |             |             |
|           |     | ISA   | iphe | card  |             |             |
|           |     |       | rals | per   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | slot; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | main  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | bus   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ori   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ginal |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | I     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | BM PC |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | in    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |  1981 |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | and   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | mod   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ified |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | IBM   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | PC/XT |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | in    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |  1983 |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Extended  | 32  | 33    | inte | lo    | ![](medi    | One 8-bit   |
| Industry  | b   | MBps  | rnal | cated | a/image28.j | ISA slot    |
| Standard  | its |       | i    | on    | peg){width= | and five    |
| Arc       |     |       | nter | the   | "1.76180555 | 16-bit      |
| hitecture |     |       | face | mo    | 55555556in" | Extended    |
| (EISA)    |     |       | c    | therb | height="    | ISA slots   |
| bus,      |     |       | ards | oard; | 0.722222222 |             |
| or AT bus |     |       | for  |       | 2222222in"} |             |
|           |     |       | most | 1     |             |             |
|           |     |       | PC   | inte  |             |             |
|           |     |       | per  | rface |             |             |
|           |     |       | iphe | card  |             |             |
|           |     |       | rals | per   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | slot; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | main  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | bus   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | for   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | IBM   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | PC/AT |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | in    |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | 1984; |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | PCI   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | rep   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | laced |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | it    |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Ac        | 32  | 266   | Mon  | lo    | ![](med     | AGP         |
| celerated | b   | MBps  | itor | cated | ia/image29. | connector   |
| Graphics  | its | for   | with | on    | png){width= | on a        |
| Port      |     | AGP;  | high | the   | "1.75972222 | motherboard |
| (AGP, or  | (   |       | ‑end | m     | 22222222in" | inside a    |
| Advanced  | 64‑ | 533   | grap | other | height="    | computer    |
| Graphics  | bit | MBps  | hics | board | 1.319444444 |             |
| Port) bus | AGP | for   | for  |       | 4444444in"} |             |
|           | is  | AG    | 3D   |       |             |             |
|           | a   | P 2X; | and  |       |             |             |
|           | lso |       | ga   |       |             |             |
|           | ma  | 1066  | ming |       |             |             |
|           | de) | MBps  |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | for   |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | AG    |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | P 4X; |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |       |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | 2133  |      |       |             |             |
|           |     |  MBps |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | for   |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | A     |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | GP 8X |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| P         | 32  | 133   | inte | lo    | ![](med     | 3 PCI slots |
| eripheral | b   | MBps  | rnal | cated | ia/image30. | (above in   |
| Component | its | to    | i    | on    | png){width= | white) on a |
| Int       | or  | 2035  | nter | the   | "1.75902777 | motherboard |
| erconnect | 6   |  MBps | face | m     | 77777779in" | inside a    |
| (PCI) bus | 4 b | for   | c    | other | height="    | computer    |
|           | its | var   | ards | board | 1.109722222 |             |
|           | for | iants | for  |       | 2222223in"} |             |
|           | va  |       | most |       |             |             |
|           | ria |       | PC   |       |             |             |
|           | nts |       | per  |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | iphe |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | rals |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | an          |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image31 | interface   |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | card that   |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | plugs into  |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | a PCI slot  |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.281944444 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 4444446in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Enhanced  | 16  | 133   | inte | 40    | ![](med     | two EIDE    |
| I         | b   | MBps  | rnal | wires | ia/image32. | male        |
| ntegrated | its |       | fl   |       | png){width= | connectors  |
| Device    |     |       | oppy |       | "1.76041666 | (right; one |
| El        |     |       | or   |       | 66666667in" | white and   |
| ectronics |     |       | hard |       | height="    | the other   |
| (EIDE)    |     |       | or   |       | 0.956944444 | one blue    |
|           |     |       | opt  |       | 4444445in"} | just below  |
|           |     |       | ical |       |             | it) on a    |
|           |     |       | disk |       |             | motherboard |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | an EIDE     |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image33. | female      |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | connector   |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.76041666 | on a ribbon |
|           |     |       |      |       | 66666667in" | cable       |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 0.904166666 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666667in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Serial    | 1   | 150   | hard | The   | ![](med     | SATA 7‑pin  |
| Advanced  | bit | MBps  | or   | SATA  | ia/image34. | edge        |
| T         |     | or    | opt  | s     | png){width= | connector   |
| echnology |     | 300   | ical | erial | "1.75972222 | (left) and  |
| A         |     |  MBps | disk | port  | 22222222in" | a SATA      |
| ttachment |     |       |      | was   | height="    | 15‑pin edge |
| (SATA)    |     |       |      | des   | 1.319444444 | connector   |
|           |     |       |      | igned | 4444444in"} | (right) on  |
|           |     |       |      | to    |             | a           |
|           |     |       |      | re    |             | motherboard |
|           |     |       |      | place |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | s     |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | lower |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | EIDE  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | par   |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | allel |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | port  |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | SATA 7-pin  |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image35. | connector   |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | on a cable  |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.34583333 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 33333334in" |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.465277777 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 7777777in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](med     | SATA 15-pin |
|           |     |       |      |       | ia/image36. | connector   |
|           |     |       |      |       | png){width= | on a cable  |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.75833333 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 33333333in" |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 0.904861111 |             |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1111111in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Small     | 8   | 5     | hard | up to | ![](me      | 50‑pin      |
| Computer  | bi  | MBps  | and  | 7 or  | dia/image37 | SCSI‑2      |
| System    | ts; |       | opt  | 15    | .png){width | connector   |
| Interface |     | 10    | ical | de    | ="1.7625in" | on an       |
| (SCSI‑1   | 8   | MBps  | di   | vices | height="    | interface   |
| or        | bi  |       | sks, | per   | 1.184722222 | card        |
| SCSI‑2);  | ts; | 20    | magn | host  | 2222222in"} |             |
|           |     | MBps  | etic | port; |             | (SCSI‑1     |
| Fast      | 16  |       | tape |       |             | uses 25     |
| SCSI;     | bi  | 20    | stor | peer  |             | pins;       |
|           | ts; | MBps  | age, | to    |             |             |
| Fast-Wide |     |       | p    | peer  |             | Wide SCSI   |
| SCSI;     | 8   | 40    | rint | dev   |             | uses 68     |
|           | bi  | MBps  | ers, | ices; |             | pins)       |
| Ultra     | ts; |       | scan |       |             |             |
| SCSI;     |     | 40    | ners | st    |             |             |
|           | 16  | MBps  |      | andar |             |             |
| Ultra     | bi  |       |      | dized |             |             |
| Wide      | ts; | 80    |      | in    |             |             |
| SCSI‑3;   |     | MBps  |      | 1986; |             |             |
|           | 8   |       |      |       |             |             |
| Ultra2    | bi  | 160   |      | com   |             |             |
| SCSI;     | ts; | MBps  |      | monly |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | used  |             |             |
| Ultra2    | 16  | 320   |      | by    |             |             |
| Wide      | bi  | MBps  |      | Apple |             |             |
| SCSI;     | ts; |       |      | Maci  |             |             |
|           |     |       |      | ntosh |             |             |
| Ultra3    | 16  |       |      | and   |             |             |
| SCSI;     | bi  |       |      | Sun   |             |             |
|           | ts; |       |      | Mi    |             |             |
| Ultra320  |     |       |      | crosy |             |             |
| SCSI      | 16  |       |      | stems |             |             |
|           | bi  |       |      |       |             |             |
|           | ts  |       |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | Centronics  |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image38 | 50‑pin      |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | SCSI‑2      |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | connector   |
|           |     |       |      |       | height      | on a cable  |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.175in"} |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Wireless  | 1   | max   | ne   | 80    | ![](med     | typical     |
| (Wi-Fi)   | bit | of    | twor | 2.11a | ia/image39. | Wireless    |
| IEEE      |     | 25    | king | uses  | png){width= | 802.11      |
| 802.11a,  |     |  Mbps | of   | the   | "1.75972222 | PC card for |
|           |     | at    | mult | 5 GHz | 22222222in" | use with a  |
| 802.11b,  |     | \~50  | iple | radio | height="    | laptop      |
|           |     | m     | co   | freq  | 1.439583333 |             |
| 802.11g,  |     | eters | mput | uency | 3333334in"} |             |
| and       |     | for   | ers, | band  |             |             |
|           |     | 802   | P    | in    |             |             |
| 802.11n   |     | .11a; | DAs, | the   |             |             |
|           |     |       | and  | USA;  |             |             |
|           |     | 11    | o    |       |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  | ther | 80    |             |             |
|           |     | at    | dev  | 2.11b |             |             |
|           |     | \~100 | ices | and   |             |             |
|           |     | m     | such | 80    |             |             |
|           |     | eters | as   | 2.11g |             |             |
|           |     | for   | prin | use   |             |             |
|           |     | 802   | ters | 2.4   |             |             |
|           |     | .11b; | or   |  GHz; |             |             |
|           |     |       | file |       |             |             |
|           |     | 54    | serv | 80    |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  | ers, | 2.11n |             |             |
|           |     | at    | u    | may   |             |             |
|           |     | \~100 | sing | use   |             |             |
|           |     | m     | r    | 2.4   |             |             |
|           |     | eters | adio | or 5  |             |             |
|           |     | for   | "ac  | GHz   |             |             |
|           |     | 802   | cess | when  |             |             |
|           |     | .11g; | poi  | it    |             |             |
|           |     |       | nts" | be    |             |             |
|           |     | 200   | ins  | comes |             |             |
|           |     | Mbps  | tead | st    |             |             |
|           |     | at    | of   | andar |             |             |
|           |     | \~250 | w    | dized |             |             |
|           |     | m     | ires | in    |             |             |
|           |     | eters | to   | 2007  |             |             |
|           |     | for   | inte |       |             |             |
|           |     | 802   | rcon |       |             |             |
|           |     | .11n; | nect |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | peer |       |             |             |
|           |     | rates | ‑to‑ |       |             |             |
|           |     | and   | peer |       |             |             |
|           |     | dist  | n    |       |             |             |
|           |     | ances | odes |       |             |             |
|           |     | may   |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | be    |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | re    |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | duced |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | when  |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | in    |      |       |             |             |
|           |     | doors |      |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | typical     |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image40 | Wireless    |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | 802.11      |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | access      |
|           |     |       |      |       | height=     | point       |
|           |     |       |      |       | "1.39513888 | (which in   |
|           |     |       |      |       | 8888889in"} | this case   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | also serves |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | as a router |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | to a DSL    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | modem and   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | as a switch |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | between 4   |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | wired       |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | Ethernet    |
|           |     |       |      |       |             | ports)      |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Bluetooth | 1   | max   | c    | Blue  | ![](med     | Bluetooth   |
| wireless  | bit | of    | ompu | tooth | ia/image41. | registered  |
|           |     | 723.1 | ter, | uses  | png){width= | logo        |
| (IEEE     |     |  kbps | PDA, | the   | "1.76041666 |             |
| 802.15.1) |     | for   | cell | 2.4   | 66666667in" |             |
|           |     | Blue  | ph   | 5 GHz | height=     |             |
|           |     | tooth | one, | ISM   | "1.1125in"} |             |
|           |     | 1.1   | or   | radio |             |             |
|           |     | and   | port | freq  |             |             |
|           |     | 1.2;  | able | uency |             |             |
|           |     |       | m    | band  |             |             |
|           |     | 3     | edia | in    |             |             |
|           |     |  Mbps | pl   | the   |             |             |
|           |     | for   | ayer | USA;  |             |             |
|           |     | Blue  | (    |       |             |             |
|           |     | tooth | such | a     |             |             |
|           |     | 2.0;  | as   | Blue  |             |             |
|           |     |       | an   | tooth |             |             |
|           |     | the   | iPod | "ma   |             |             |
|           |     | range | with | ster" |             |             |
|           |     | is up | a    | can   |             |             |
|           |     | to    | B    | c     |             |             |
|           |     | \     | luet | ommun |             |             |
|           |     | ~100, | ooth | icate |             |             |
|           |     | \~10, | adap | with  |             |             |
|           |     | or    | ter) | up to |             |             |
|           |     | \~1   | tran | 7     |             |             |
|           |     | m     | sfer | de    |             |             |
|           |     | eters | ring | vices |             |             |
|           |     | for   | data | pl    |             |             |
|           |     | power | to   | aying |             |             |
|           |     | cl    | or   | the   |             |             |
|           |     | asses | from | role  |             |             |
|           |     | 1, 2, | a    | of    |             |             |
|           |     | or 3  | de   | the   |             |             |
|           |     | (at   | vice | "sl   |             |             |
|           |     | 100,  | such | aves" |             |             |
|           |     | 2.5,  | as a | in a  |             |             |
|           |     | or 1  | mo   | "pico |             |             |
|           |     | milli | use, | net"; |             |             |
|           |     | watt) | k    |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | eybo | two   |             |             |
|           |     |       | ard, | or    |             |             |
|           |     |       | dig  | more  |             |             |
|           |     |       | ital | pic   |             |             |
|           |     |       | cam  | onets |             |             |
|           |     |       | era, | can   |             |             |
|           |     |       | prin | be    |             |             |
|           |     |       | ter, | conn  |             |             |
|           |     |       | scan | ected |             |             |
|           |     |       | ner, | tog   |             |             |
|           |     |       | s    | ether |             |             |
|           |     |       | peak | to    |             |             |
|           |     |       | ers, | form  |             |             |
|           |     |       | hea  | a     |             |             |
|           |     |       | dpho | "s    |             |             |
|           |     |       | nes, | catte |             |             |
|           |     |       | or   | rnet" |             |             |
|           |     |       | mi   |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | crop |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | hone |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | as   |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | app  |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | ropr |       |             |             |
|           |     |       | iate |       |             |             |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+
|           |     |       |      |       | ![](me      | Bluetooth   |
|           |     |       |      |       | dia/image42 | hands‑free  |
|           |     |       |      |       | .png){width | headset     |
|           |     |       |      |       | ="1.7625in" | with a      |
|           |     |       |      |       | height="    | earphone    |
|           |     |       |      |       | 1.766666666 | and a       |
|           |     |       |      |       | 6666666in"} | microphone  |
+-----------+-----+-------+------+-------+-------------+-------------+