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  **Local Term**                 **Definition**

  Acupuncturists                 Acupuncturists use acupuncture (the insertion of needles
                                 at specific points on the body) to promote health and
                                 well-being, treat disease, and prevent illness. (UNC)

  Adult Day Care Services        Community-based, non-residential group programs designed
                                 to meet the needs of functionally and/or cognitively
                                 impaired adults. See also Senior Centers. (UNC)

  Advocacy Services              Services that promote and support consumers\' rights and
                                 interests. Patient advocacy programs, sometimes called
                                 ombudsman programs, are included. Patient advocacy
                                 programs promote and protect the rights of patients,
                                 frequently through a legal process. (MeSH)

  Alcohol Abuse Programs         Residential and non-residential treatment programs for
                                 alcohol abusers and their families. See also DWI
                                 Counseling Services (UNC).

  Alexander Technique Programs   Alexander Technique programs help clients change their
                                 everyday movements to release harmful tension in their
                                 bodies. Most Alexander Technique teachers have completed
                                 a three-year full time training course. (UNC)

  Allergists                     Allergists provide patient care to children and adults in
                                 the specialty of Allergy and Immunology. Board-certified
                                 allergists/immunologists are specialists certified by the
                                 American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) and/or the
                                 American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) following 3 years of
                                 post-graduate accredited training. Allergists treat
                                 hypersensitivity to substances.(American Board of Medical
                                 Specialties)

  Ambulatory Care Centers        Facilities which administer a variety of health services
                                 including outpatient procedures and surgery, to
                                 individuals who do not require hospitalization or
                                 institutionalization. Includes urgent care centers. (UNC)

  Anesthesiologists              Board Certified anesthesiologists are physicians who
                                 provide medical management and consultation during the
                                 perioperative period. They are diplomates of the American
                                 Board of Anesthesiology. Anesthesiologists provide pain
                                 relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable
                                 condition during and immediately following an operation,
                                 an obstetric or diagnostic procedure. Anesthesiologists
                                 provide medical management and consultation in pain
                                 management and critical care medicine. (American Board of
                                 Anesthesiology and UNC)

  Animal Assisted Therapy        Animal assisted therapy programs provide motivational,
  Programs                       educational, recreational, and/or therapeutic benefits to
                                 enhance quality of life. Examples include pet visitation
                                 programs and hippotherapy. Guide dogs and other animal
                                 aids to help people with disabilities go under Service
                                 Animals.

  Aquatic Therapy Programs       Programs that utilize the therapeutic properties of water
                                 to treat people who have illnesses or injuries. Includes
                                 programs that feature gentle exercises in water that are
                                 especially designed to relieve pain, stiffness and
                                 general discomfort in individuals who have disabling
                                 conditions, chronic pain or orthopedic injuries.
                                 (modified from AIRS)

  Aromatherapy Programs          Aromatherapy programs involve the use of essential oils
                                 (extracts or essences) from flowers, herbs, and trees to
                                 promote health and well-being. (NCCAM)

  Art Therapy Programs           Art Therapy Programs use art as an adjunctive therapy in
                                 the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioral
                                 disorders. Many art therapists are also licensed
                                 therapists or counselors. (MeSH and UNC)

  Assisted Living Facilities     A housing and health care alternative combining
                                 independence with personal care. It provides a
                                 combination of housing, personalized supportive services
                                 and health care designed to meet the needs, both
                                 scheduled and unscheduled, of those who need help with
                                 activities of daily living. (Assisted Living Foundation
                                 of America.) See also Group Homes and Nursing Homes.

  Assisted Reproduction Programs Programs for helping couples who are unable to conceive
                                 by other methods. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
                                 includes in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET),
                                 gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote
                                 intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), tubal embryo transfer
                                 (TET), and frozen embryo transfer (FET). These techniques
                                 also apply to oocyte donation and gestational carriers.
                                 (from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology)

  Audiologists                   An audiologist is a professional who diagnoses, treats,
                                 and manages individuals with hearing loss or balance
                                 problems, using a variety of specialized auditory and
                                 vestibular assessments. Audiologists have received a
                                 Master\'s or Doctorial degree from an accredited
                                 university graduate program. (American Academy of
                                 Audiology)

  Ayurveda Programs              Ayurveda programs use an alternative medical system that
                                 has been practiced primarily in the Indian subcontinent
                                 for 5,000 years. Ayurveda includes diet and herbal
                                 remedies and emphasizes the use of body, mind, and spirit
                                 in disease prevention and treatment. (NCCAM)

  Bilingual Services             Includes translation and interpretation services for or
                                 in languages other than English.

  Biofeedback Programs           Biofeedback Programs help patients use biofeedback
                                 information (biological functions such as skin
                                 temperature, heart rate, sweat gland activity, and
                                 brainwave activity) to gain voluntary control over
                                 processes or functions which are primarily under
                                 autonomic control. (UNC)

  Birth Centers                  Free-standing facilities or hospital units that provide
                                 prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care and usually
                                 incorporate family-centered maternity care concepts and
                                 practices. Birth centers are accredited by the Commission
                                 for the Accreditation of Birth Centers (CABC). Currently,
                                 37 states regulate the licensure of birth centers. (UNC
                                 and Nemours)

  Blood Banks                    Facilities that collect donated blood including
                                 bloodmobiles, community blood centers and hospital-based
                                 donor centers. (UNC)

  Breastfeeding Consultants      Specialists in lactation management who possesses the
                                 necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes to provide
                                 substantive breastfeeding assistance and skilled
                                 technical management of lactation-related problems. The
                                 lactation consultant works to prevent and solve
                                 breastfeeding problems and to encourage a social
                                 environment that effectively supports breastfeeding
                                 families. (IBCLC).

  Cancer Clinics                 Institutions specializing in the care of cancer patients.
                                 (UNC)

  Cardiologists                  Internist subspecialists who provide comprehensive care
                                 to patients with cardiovascular problems by selecting,
                                 performing, and evaluating the structural and functional
                                 assessment of the heart and blood vessels.

  Case Management                A traditional term for all the activities which a
                                 physician or other health care professional normally
                                 performs to insure the coordination of the medical
                                 services required by a patient. It also, when used in
                                 connection with managed care, covers all the activities
                                 of evaluating the patient, planning treatment, referral,
                                 and follow-up so that care is continuous and
                                 comprehensive and payment for the care is obtained.
                                 (MeSH)

  Child Care Resource/Referral   Programs and services which provide referral to or
                                 coordination of child day care services. (UNC)

  Child Day Care Services        Generally state-licensed services that provide day care
                                 for more than twelve children during some portion of a
                                 twenty-four hour day. Staff for approved day care centers
                                 must meet defined educational requirements; the program
                                 must ensure specified adult/child ratios; and the
                                 facility must meet building, fire and zoning codes.
                                 Services may include recreational and developmental
                                 activities. (modified from AIRS taxonomy.)

  Childbirth Educators/Coaches   Provide informational and educational classes on
                                 relaxation, comfort measures, and breathing techniques
                                 for expectant parents. Educators also provide information
                                 on birth options and encourage students to be as
                                 knowledgeable as possible. Medical advice is not given,
                                 referrals to appropriate studies and published books are
                                 within the childbirth educators\' scope. (CBE, LCCE)
                                 (UNC)

  Chiropractors                  Chiropractors use an alternative medical system that
                                 focuses on the relationship between bodily structure
                                 (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that
                                 relationship affects the preservation and restoration of
                                 health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an
                                 integral treatment tool. (NCCAM)

  Clinical Social Workers        Clinical social work is a practice specialty of the
                                 social work profession. Clinical social work
                                 interventions include, but are not limited to assessment
                                 and diagnosis, crisis intervention, psychosocial and
                                 psychoeducational interventions and brief and long-term
                                 psychotherapies. Must be licensed by the NC Social Work
                                 Certification Board (LCSW). From the American Board of
                                 Examiners in Clinical Social Work.

  Clinical Trials                Pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum
                                 dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic,
                                 or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected
                                 according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and
                                 observed for predefined evidence of favorable and
                                 unfavorable effects. (MeSH)

  Clinics                        A public or private facility usually devoted to a
                                 particular group of diseases (e.g.: diabetic clinic,
                                 fracture clinic, etc.); at which treatment, diagnosis, or
                                 advice is available. May also offer non-specialized
                                 treatment. See also Ambulatory Care Centers.

  Community Clinics              Private, nonprofit outpatient facilities, many previously
                                 known as free clinics, that have been established by the
                                 community rather than a hospital and which provide basic
                                 medical care including physical examinations,
                                 immunizations, family planning, nutrition assistance and
                                 diagnosis and treatment of common ailments. Services are
                                 provided on an ability-to-pay basis and target low-income
                                 and indigent residents of the community. This term is
                                 used for Community Health Clinics, Free Clinics, and
                                 Low-Cost Outpatient Clinics. (AIRS)

  Complementary and Alternative  Complementary and alternative medicine services include
  Medicine Services              practices and products that are not presently considered
                                 to be part of conventional medicine. Therapies are termed
                                 as complementary when used in addition to conventional
                                 treatments and as alternative when used instead of
                                 conventional treatment. Specific local service terms
                                 exist for Acupuncturists, Alexander Technique Programs,
                                 Aromatherapy programs, Ayurveda programs, Chiropractors,
                                 Herbal Medicine Programs, Homeopathy programs, Humor
                                 therapy programs, Hypnotherapy programs, Meditation
                                 programs, Oriental Medicine Programs and Yoga Programs.
                                 (MeSH and NCCAM)

  Counselors/Therapists          Practitioners giving of advice and assistance to
                                 individuals with educational or personal problems. Are
                                 not permitted to prescribe medications. May be certified
                                 by the National Board for Certified Counselors. (MeSH)

  DWI Counseling Services        Programs consisting of an initial evaluation followed by
                                 a series of therapy sessions designed to encourage
                                 reflection on drinking patterns and make the necessary
                                 changes to avoid continued problems in the future. There
                                 is also a strong educational component that is designed
                                 to help the client learn about the actual disease
                                 component of alcoholism. May be court ordered. See also
                                 Alcohol Abuse Programs. (UNC)

  Dance Therapy Programs         Dance/Movement Therapy Programs use movement as a
                                 psychotherapeutic process which furthers the emotional,
                                 social, cognitive, and physical integration of the
                                 individual. Dance/Movement Therapists are graduates of
                                 masters degree programs that integrate dancers\' special
                                 knowledge of body, movement and expressive spirit with
                                 the healing skills of counseling, psychotherapy and
                                 rehabilitation. (American Dance Therapy Association.)

  Dentists                       Dentists are doctors with a DDS or DMD degree who detect,
                                 diagnose, and treat problems affecting the teeth, gums,
                                 tongue, lips and jaw. Oral surgeons are a type of dentist
                                 with a surgery specialization.

  Dermatologists                 A dermatologist is a physician who is trained to evaluate
                                 and manage pediatric and adult patients with benign and
                                 malignant disorders of the skin, hair, nails and adjacent
                                 mucous membranes. Dermatologists also manage cosmetic
                                 disorders of the skin, including hair loss, scars, and
                                 the skin changes associated with aging. (American Board
                                 of Dermatology)

  Dialysis Services              Centers and programs which provide standardized dialysis
                                 treatment to patients. May be in done in a hospital,
                                 clinic or other healthcare setting.

  Dietitians/Nutritionists       Registered Dietitians (RDs) have completed academic and
                                 experience requirements established by the Commission on
                                 Dietetic Registration (CDR), the credentialing agency of
                                 the American Dietetic Association, including a minimum of
                                 a bachelor\'s degree from an accredited
                                 college/university, and an accredited preprofessional
                                 experience program. Some RDs hold additional
                                 certifications in specialized areas of practice, such as
                                 pediatric or renal nutrition, nutrition support and
                                 diabetes education. (American Dietetic Association.)

  Disability Programs            These programs and services address or provide
                                 prevention, diagnosis, early intervention, therapy,
                                 education, and training to assist the disabled reach
                                 maximum potential through increased independence,
                                 productivity, and community integration. Disabilities are
                                 attributable to mental and/or physical impairment, and
                                 are likely to continue indefinitely. See also Sheltered
                                 Workshops.(UNC)

  Disaster Planning and          Organizations and programs that prepare plans for how to
  Preparedness                   mitigate and respond to natural disasters, public health
                                 crises, terrorist incidents or other emergencies that
                                 occur within or have an impact on their area. Includes
                                 identification of facilities, equipment, supplies and
                                 trained personnel that will be necessary for responding
                                 to a disaster. (adapted from AIRS)

  Disaster Response and Relief   Post-disaster services that may include operations,
  Services                       coordination, relief, and management of casualties.
                                 Response may include emergency transportation, evacuation
                                 centers, emergency pharmacies and similar services.
                                 Relief may include food, clothing, temporary shelter, or
                                 temporary financial aid.

  Drug Abuse Treatment           Residential and non-residential facilities or programs
  Centers/Programs               providing therapy and/or rehabilitation for
                                 substance-dependent individuals. Methadone distribution
                                 centers are included. \"Substance-dependence\" includes
                                 narcotic addictions such as cocaine, heroin, etc. and
                                 prescription drug abuse such as Morphine, Codeine,
                                 Valium, Xanax or Ritalin. See also: Alcohol Abuse
                                 Programs, Smoking Cessation Programs. (UNC)

  Drug Testing                   Programs that administer urine tests or utilize other
                                 screening techniques to determine whether an individual
                                 has an illegal drug in his or her system and to identify
                                 the drug involved. (AIRS vocabulary)

  Ear/Nose/Throat Specialists    Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the medical
                                 and surgical management and treatment of patients with
                                 diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT),
                                 and related structures of the head and neck. They are
                                 commonly referred to as ENT physicians. Their special
                                 skills include diagnosing and managing diseases of the
                                 sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper
                                 pharynx (mouth and throat), as well as structures of the
                                 neck and face. Otolaryngologists diagnose, treat, and
                                 manage specialty-specific disorders as well as many
                                 primary care problems in both children and adults.
                                 (American Board of Otolaryngology.)

  Emergency Medical Services     Services specifically designed for the out-of-hospital
                                 care and transport of acutely ill or injured patients to
                                 appropriate health care settings. Emergency departments
                                 in hospitals can go here.

  Endocrinologists               Internists who concentrate on disorders of the endocrine
                                 (hormone-producing) glands. Examples include diabetes,
                                 pituitary, and adrenal gland disorders.

  Exercise/Fitness Programs      Physical fitness is a state of well-being in which
                                 performance is optimal, often as a result of physical
                                 conditioning which may be prescribed for disease therapy.
                                 Exercise therapy, motion of the body or its parts to
                                 relieve symptoms or to improve function, may be
                                 prescribed to achieve fitness. See also Physical
                                 Rehabilitation Programs. (MeSH)

  Faith Based Programs           Mental health, substance abuse treatment, charitable, and
                                 other health related programs supported by congregations
                                 and other faith communities. Programs may or may not be
                                 related to the religious doctrines of the sponsoring
                                 faith organization. A food pantry sponsored by a church,
                                 for example, will likely have no direct link to the
                                 church doctrine, but may be related to the church\'s
                                 mission to serve the citizens of its community. (UNC)

  Family Physicians              Family practice is the medical specialty which provides
                                 continuing and comprehensive health care for the
                                 individual and the family. It is the specialty in breadth
                                 which integrates the biological, clinical and behavioral
                                 sciences. The scope of family practice encompasses all
                                 ages, both sexes, each organ system and every disease
                                 entity. Family Physicians are board certified and
                                 considered generalists or Primary Care Physicians. Family
                                 Care Physicians often provide pediatric as well as adult
                                 care. Some provide obstetrical and gynecological care.
                                 (AAFP, UNC)

  Family Planning Services       Programs that provide assistance for people who want to
                                 control the size of their families and the spacing of
                                 their children, usually through some form of birth
                                 control; who have a problem with infertility; or who have
                                 questions about the advisability of becoming pregnant or
                                 following through with a current pregnancy. See also
                                 Pregnancy Termination Services. (AIRS)

  First Aid Instruction Programs Programs designed to teach first aid or other immediate
                                 intervention for accidents or medical conditions
                                 requiring immediate care and treatment before definitive
                                 medical and surgical management can be procured. Example
                                 would be CPR. (MeSH)

  Food Programs                  Those programs which attempt to guarantee access at all
                                 times to enough food for an active, healthy life to those
                                 who might otherwise suffer from under nutrition. Examples
                                 include food banks and WIC. (UNC)

  Funeral Homes                  Businesses that provide burial and funeral services for
                                 the deceased. Services may include embalming or
                                 cremation, temporary care for the body, caskets, urns or
                                 grave markers, a prepared wake and funeral, or provision
                                 of a chapel for the funeral. Many states license and
                                 regulate funeral homes. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission
                                 also enforces a \"funeral rule.\" (Sources: AIRS and
                                 Wikipedia)

  Gastroenterologists            Subspecialty of internal medicine. Gastroenterologists
                                 specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of
                                 the digestive organs including the stomach, bowels,
                                 liver, and gallbladder and perform complex diagnostic and
                                 therapeutic procedures using endoscopes to see internal
                                 organs.

  Genetic Counselors             Advise families of the risks involved pertaining to birth
                                 defects, in order that they may make an informed decision
                                 on current or future pregnancies. Should be certified by
                                 the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABCG). Genetic
                                 counselors are health professionals with specialized
                                 graduate degrees and experience in the areas of medical
                                 genetics and counseling. Most enter the field from a
                                 variety of disciplines, including biology, genetics,
                                 nursing, psychology, public health and social work.
                                 (American Society of Genetic Counselors.)

  Geriatricians                  Certified internists who provide care to the elderly. The
                                 Geriatric Medicine Certification Program, jointly
                                 developed by the American Board of Internal Medicine and
                                 the American Board of Family Practice, is designed to
                                 recognize excellence among physicians who provide care to
                                 the elderly. (American Board of Internal Medicine.)
                                 Sometimes called Gerontologists, but gerontologists have
                                 Masters degree or PhD; not physicians. (Gerontological
                                 Society of North America.)

  Group Homes                    Housing for groups of patients, children, or others who
                                 need or desire emotional or physical support. They are
                                 usually established as planned, single housekeeping units
                                 in residential dwellings that provide care and
                                 supervision for small groups of residents, who, although
                                 unrelated, live together as a family. See also Assisted
                                 Living Facilities and Nursing Homes. (UNC)

  Gynecologists                  Gynecologists possess special knowledge, skills and
                                 professional capability in the medical and surgical care
                                 of the female reproductive system and associated
                                 disorders. They serve as consultants to other physicians,
                                 and as primary physicians for women. (UNC)

  Health Care Equipment/Supplies Expendable and nonexpendable equipment, supplies,
                                 apparatus, and instruments that are used in diagnostic
                                 and therapeutic care. Examples include wigs, walkers,
                                 home oxygen tanks, diabetic testing supplies etc. (UNC)

  Health Education Programs      Education, classes or health promotion activities that
                                 increase the awareness and favorably influence the
                                 attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of
                                 health on a personal or community basis. (UNC)

  Health Forms                   Includes official certificates, documents, applications,
                                 or other legal paperwork. Examples include consent forms,
                                 advance directives, living wills, emergency medical
                                 information forms (for contacts, recording of allergies,
                                 etc.), personal health records, organ donation forms,
                                 power of attorney forms. (AIRS and UNC).

  Health Insurance Programs      Includes health insurance plans providing coverage of
                                 medical, surgical, or hospital care costs; managed care
                                 plans such as health maintenance organizations, preferred
                                 provider organizations, etc.; Medicare and Medicaid.

  Health Screening Programs      Procedures, and tests performed by a variety of providers
                                 in a variety of settings to diagnose or prevent disease,
                                 disordered function, or disability. Examples include
                                 mammograms and cholesterol screenings.

  Health Statistics              Resources dealing with collecting, summarizing, and
                                 analyzing health related data. The term is also applied
                                 to the data themselves and to the summarization of the
                                 data. (UNC)

  Hematologists                  A hematologist is a subspecialist internist with
                                 additional training who specializes in diseases of the
                                 blood, spleen and lymph glands. This specialist treats
                                 conditions such as anemia, clotting disorders, sickle
                                 cell disease, hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma. From the
                                 American Board of Medical Specialties.

  Herbal Medicine Services       Herbalists use medicines derived from botanical sources
                                 to treat a variety of medical conditions and symptoms.
                                 (UNC)

  Home Health Care Services      Community health and nursing services providing
                                 coordinated multiple service home care to the patient.
                                 Home-offered services are provided by a visiting nurse,
                                 trained individuals, home health agencies, hospitals, or
                                 organized community groups using professional staff for
                                 care delivery. Includes programs that provide care and
                                 supervision of dependent adults in their own home for a
                                 portion of a day. See also Hospice Care and Respite
                                 Services. (AIRS, UNC)

  Homeopathy Programs            Programs that provide homeopathic medicine. In
                                 homeopathic medicine, there is a belief that \"like cures
                                 like\" meaning that small, highly diluted quantities of
                                 medicinal substances are given to cure symptoms, when the
                                 same substances given at higher or more concentrated
                                 doses would actually cause those symptoms. (NCCAM)

  Hospice Care Services          The hospice philosophy recognizes death as the final
                                 stage of life and seeks to enable patients to continue an
                                 alert, pain-free life and to manage other symptoms so
                                 that their last days may be spent with dignity and
                                 quality, surrounded by their loved ones. Hospice affirms
                                 life and neither hastens nor postpones death. Hospice
                                 care treats the person rather than the disease; it
                                 emphasizes quality rather than length of life. It
                                 provides family-centered care involving the patient and
                                 family in making decisions. Care is provided for the
                                 patient and family 24 hours-a-day and 7 days-a-week.
                                 Hospice care can be given in the patient\'s home, a
                                 hospital, nursing home, or private hospice facility. See
                                 also Home Health Care Services and Respite Services.
                                 (American Cancer Society)

  Hospitals                      Institutions with an organized medical staff which
                                 provide medical care to patients. Use also for hospital
                                 departments which are devoted to a particular disease or
                                 condition, i.e. cardiology or gastroenterology. (UNC)

  Hotlines/Crisis Services       A hotline is a direct communication system, usually
                                 telephone, established for instant contact. Trained
                                 personnel provide special information and assistance
                                 including counseling and referrals during emergencies
                                 such as poisonings and threatened suicides. Crisis
                                 services are twenty-four hour, seven day a week emergency
                                 programs that provide emergency mental health/substance
                                 abuse services when usual coping mechanisms break down
                                 and urgent assessment and intervention are required.
                                 Consider also Referral Services, which should be used for
                                 non-urgent phone information and referral. (UNC)

  Humor Therapy Programs         Humor therapy programs use humor and laughter
                                 therapeutically to improve emotional well being in order
                                 to facilitate improvement in health. (MeSH)

  Hypnotherapy Programs          Hypnosis is the application of hypnotherapy for both
                                 psychological and physical disorders. Hypnosis can
                                 facilitate changes in respiration and relaxation on the
                                 part of the client to create positive shifts in behavior
                                 and an enhanced well-being.(UNC)

  Immigrant and Refugee Health   Programs designed specifically to address the health
  Programs                       needs of immigrants\--persons who have left their native
                                 country to establish permanent residence in another
                                 country, and refugees\--persons fleeing to a place of
                                 safety from a foreign country to escape danger or
                                 persecution. A separate term exists for Migrant Farm
                                 Worker Health Programs, for short-term residents who move
                                 in order to find work. (MeSH and Webster\'s)

  Immunization Programs          Programs and services providing immunizations and
                                 vaccinations to children and adults. (UNC)

  Immunologists                  Immunologists specialize in the treatment of disorders
                                 caused by defective responses of the body\'s immune
                                 system. Board-certified allergists/immunologists are
                                 specialists certified by the American Board of Internal
                                 Medicine (ABIM) and/or the American Board of Pediatrics
                                 (ABP) following 3 years of post-graduate accredited
                                 training. (American Board of Internal Medicine)

  Indian Health Service Clinics  Clinics serving Native Americans (American Indians and
                                 Alaska natives) operated by the Indian Health Service, a
                                 federal health program that is part of the Department of
                                 Health and Human Services.

  Indian Health Service          Hospitals serving Native Americans (American Indians and
  Hospitals                      Alaska natives) operated by the Indian Health Service, a
                                 federal health program that is part of the Department of
                                 Health and Human Services.

  Infectious Disease Specialists An Infectious Disease Specialist is an internist who
                                 deals with infectious diseases of all types and in all
                                 organs. This physician often diagnoses and treats AIDS
                                 patients and patients with unexplained fevers. Infectious
                                 Disease Specialists may also have expertise in preventive
                                 medicine and conditions associated with travel. From the
                                 American Board of Medical Specialties.

  Infusion Therapy Services      Services that provide intravenous administration of
                                 medications and nutrition, including fluid replacements,
                                 chemotherapy, and antibiotics. May be done at home or on
                                 an ambulatory or outpatient basis.

  Inspection Services            Inspection Services are normally conducted by health
                                 departments and other agencies to ensure that health
                                 facilities such as Nursing Homes or Assisted Care
                                 Facilities meet prescribed standards. Also use this term
                                 for food, restaurant, environmental, well water and
                                 occupational health inspections. (UNC)

  Internists                     Medical specialists concerned with the diagnosis and
                                 treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of
                                 adults. Internists treat both common and complex illness
                                 of adolescents, adults, and the elderly.

  Libraries                      Physical facilities that provide services to consumers to
                                 assist them with health information needs.

  Long-Term Acute Care           Long-term acute care (LTAC) is a recognized designation
  Facilities                     (by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) for
                                 acute care hospitals whose average length of stay is at
                                 least 25 days. LTAC hospitals provide specialized care
                                 services to manage medical conditions, so that patients
                                 with catastrophic or acute illnesses/injuries can work
                                 toward recovery.

  Marriage/Family Therapists     Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) are mental health
                                 professionals trained in psychotherapy and family
                                 systems, and licensed to diagnose and treat mental and
                                 emotional disorders within the context of marriage,
                                 couples and family systems. MFTs have graduate training
                                 (a Master\'s or Doctoral degree) in marriage and family
                                 therapy and at least two years of clinical experience.
                                 (American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.)

  Massage/Bodywork Therapists    Massage and Bodywork Therapists manipulate muscle and
                                 connective tissue to enhance function of those tissues
                                 and promote relaxation and well-being. (NCCAM)

  Meditation Programs            Meditation Programs and instructors provide training and
                                 guidance in using meditation techniques. Meditation
                                 involves using any number of awareness techniques to
                                 quiet the mind and relax the body. Concentration
                                 practices and mindfulness meditation are perhaps the best
                                 known. (Arthritis Foundation)

  Mental Health Clinics/Programs Facilities and programs which exist specifically to
                                 provide mental health counseling, medical treatment, and
                                 support. (UNC)

  Midwives                       Traditional birth attendants who assist women in
                                 childbirth. Certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) are RNs with
                                 advanced training in midwifery that allows them to care
                                 for expectant mothers and to provide a range of clinical
                                 services for women. The American College of Nurse
                                 Midwifery site certifies midwives (CMs) who are not
                                 necessarily RNs. Each go local area should feel free to
                                 create records for any services/programs/practitioners
                                 that comply with their state licensing regulations.

  Migrant Farm Worker Health     Programs providing health services to people who move
  Programs                       from one temporary residence to another as they
                                 temporarily work in agricultural areas.

  Music Therapy Programs         Music Therapy programs use music within a therapeutic
                                 relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive,
                                 and social needs of people with disabilities or
                                 illnesses. (AMA)

  Naturopaths                    Naturopathy is a whole medical system that originated in
                                 Europe. Naturopathy aims to support the body\'s ability
                                 to heal itself through the use of dietary and lifestyle
                                 changes together with CAM therapies such as herbs,
                                 massage, and joint manipulation. Naturopathic physicians
                                 are educated and trained in a 4-year, graduate-level
                                 program at one of the four U.S. naturopathic medical
                                 schools accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical
                                 Education. Admission requirements include a bachelor\'s
                                 degree and standard premedical courses. Depending on
                                 where they wish to practice, naturopathic physicians may
                                 also need to be licensed. Traditional naturopaths are not
                                 accredited by agencies recognized for accreditation
                                 purposes by the U.S. Department of Education. Traditional
                                 naturopaths are not subject to licensing.

  Neonatologists                 Neonatologists are medical doctors who have had at least
                                 4 years of medical school, three years of residency
                                 training in general pediatrics, three years of additional
                                 training in newborn intensive care, and certification
                                 from the American Board of Pediatrics and by the
                                 sub-board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. They may assist
                                 at the time of delivery and in the subsequent care of a
                                 newborn that is premature or has a serious illness,
                                 injury, or birth defect.They work mainly in the special
                                 care nurseries or newborn intensive care units of
                                 hospitals. (from the American Academy of Pediatrics)

  Nephrologists                  A nephrologist is an internist who treats disorders of
                                 the kidney, high blood pressure, fluid and mineral
                                 balance and dialysis of body wastes when the kidneys do
                                 not function. This specialist consults with surgeons
                                 about kidney transplantation. (From the American Board of
                                 Medical Specialties.)

  Neurological Surgeons          A neurological surgeon provides the prevention,
                                 diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care and
                                 rehabilitation of disorders of the central, peripheral
                                 and autonomic nervous systems. The neurological surgeon
                                 treats patients with disorders of the nervous system,
                                 brain, pituitary gland, spinal cord, and cranial and
                                 spinal nerves. (From the American Board of Medical
                                 Specialties.)

  Neurologists                   Neurologists are medical specialtists concerned with the
                                 study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the
                                 nervous system. (MeSH)

  Nurse Practitioners            A nurse who has 2 or more years of advanced training and
                                 has passed a special exam. A nurse practitioner often
                                 works with a doctor and can do some of the things a
                                 doctor does. (Medicare)

  Nurses                         Nurses provide direct patient care, assess patients\'
                                 conditions, perform treatments and procedures, administer
                                 medications, and educate patient and family members.
                                 Nursing degrees include Registered Nurse (RN) and
                                 Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN).

  Nursing Home Facilities        A residence that provides a room, meals, and help with
                                 activities of daily living and recreation. Generally,
                                 nursing home residents have physical or mental problems
                                 that keep them from living on their own. They usually
                                 require daily assistance. (Medicare) See also Assisted
                                 Living Facilities and Group Homes.

  Obstetricians                  Obstetricians are concerned with the management and care
                                 of women during pregnancy, labor and birth, and the
                                 postpartum period until woman\'s body returns to non
                                 pregnant stage. Obstetrics is a medical-surgical
                                 specialty. (UNC)

  Occupational Therapists        Practitioners use craft or work activities to help people
                                 learn or re-learn to carry out the occupations of daily
                                 life such as eating, dressing, writing, cooking, bathing
                                 preparing meals, housekeeping and going to work, after an
                                 illness. Services may be provided either on an inpatient
                                 or outpatient basis.

  Oncologists                    Oncologists are concerned with the study and treatment of
                                 cancer (tumors, neoplasms.) Oncology is a subspecialty of
                                 internal medicine.

  Ophthalmologists               Physicians who specialize in eye defects and diseases.
                                 Ophthalmologists diagnose, monitor, and medically or
                                 surgically treat all ocular and visual disorders. (UNC)

  Opticians                      Opticians fill prescriptions issued by ophthalmologists
                                 and optometrists for corrective eyewear, including
                                 eyeglasses, contact lenses, low vision aids and ocular
                                 prostheses. (UNC)

  Optometrists                   Doctors of optometry are independent primary health care
                                 providers who examine, diagnose, treat and manage
                                 diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye and
                                 associated structures as well as diagnose related
                                 systemic conditions. They prescribe eyeglasses and
                                 contact lenses, low vision aids, vision therapy and
                                 medicines to treat eye diseases. (American Optometric
                                 Association).

  Organ Donation Programs        Organizations and programs involved in the process of
                                 donor screening, and the evaluation, removal,
                                 preservation, and distribution of organs, tissues, or
                                 cells for transplantation. See also Blood Banks.

  Oriental Medicine Programs     Oriental Medicine includes Chinese Medicine Practitioners
                                 who look for patterns in the details of his or her
                                 clinical observation of the patient. A CMP views the
                                 human body as a reflection of the natural world, and
                                 focuses on balancing the yin (tissue of the organ) and
                                 yang (activity of organ). Traditional Chinese Medicine
                                 Practitioners also focus on the \"qi\" or the vital life
                                 energy that flows the body. (UNC)

  Orthodontists                  Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specializes
                                 in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and
                                 facial irregularities. All orthodontists are dentists,
                                 but only about 6 percent of dentists are orthodontists.
                                 From the American Association of Orthodontists.

  Orthopedists                   Orthopedists use medical, surgical, and physical methods
                                 to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries
                                 to the skeletal system, including the joints, ligaments,
                                 tendons, and nerves. Specialty is orthopedic surgery
                                 (orthopedics) (MeSH)

  Osteopaths                     Osteopathic medicine is a form of conventional medicine
                                 that, in part, emphasizes diseases arising in the
                                 musculoskeletal system. There is an underlying belief
                                 that all of the body\'s systems work together, and
                                 disturbances in one system may affect function elsewhere
                                 in the body. Some osteopathic physicians practice
                                 osteopathic manipulation, a full-body system of hands-on
                                 techniques to alleviate pain, restore function, and
                                 promote health and well-being. (NCCAM)

  Pain Clinics                   Facilities providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and
                                 palliative services for patients with severe chronic
                                 pain. They may be free-standing clinics or hospital-based
                                 and serve ambulatory or inpatient populations. These
                                 clinics are often referred to as \"acute pain services\".
                                 (UNC)

  Parish Nurses                  Parish nursing, a specialized practice of professional
                                 nursing, holds the spiritual dimension to be central to
                                 practice. A parish nurse focuses on the promotion of
                                 health within the context of the values, beliefs and
                                 practices of a faith community. (University of Maryland
                                 HSL)

  Pastoral Counselors            Pastoral care is counseling or comfort given by
                                 ministers, priests, rabbis, etc., to those in need of
                                 help with emotional problems or stressful situations. The
                                 counseling integrates religious resources with insights
                                 from the behavioral sciences. Certified Pastoral
                                 Counselors have a B.A. and a Master of Divinity or a
                                 Masters Doctoral level degree in theological/spiritual or
                                 biblical studies, or a Masters or Doctoral level degree
                                 in Pastoral Counseling, from schools accredited by
                                 agencies recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.
                                 (American Association of Pastoral Counselors).

  Pathologists                   Physicians who deal with the causes and nature of disease
                                 and contribute to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
                                 through knowledge gained by the laboratory application of
                                 the biologic, chemical, and physical sciences.

  Patient/Family Housing         Facilities providing housing so that family members can
                                 be near patients receiving treatment at hospitals or
                                 other health facilities. Ronald McDonald House is an
                                 example of this kind of facility.

  Pediatric Hospitals            Special hospitals which provide care for ill children.
                                 (UNC)

  Pediatricians                  Pediatricians are physicians concerned with the physical,
                                 emotional, and social health of children from birth to
                                 young adulthood.

  Personal Trainers              Personal Trainers provide individually tailored exercise
                                 and fitness programs, structured workouts, and planned
                                 training cycles, to help clients achieve their fitness
                                 goals. (UNC)

  Pharmacies                     Entities that prepare and dispense prescription
                                 medications. May be free standing or hospital based.

  Physical                       Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is concerned with
  Medicine/Rehabilitation        diagnosing, evaluating, and treating patients with
  Specialists                    physical disabilities. These disabilities may arise from
                                 conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system such as
                                 neck and back pain, sports injuries or other painful
                                 conditions affecting the limbs. Alternatively, the
                                 disabilities may result from neurological trauma or
                                 disease such as spinal cord injury, head injury or
                                 stroke. These specialists are often called physiatrists.
                                 From the American Board of Medical Specialties.

  Physical Rehabilitation        Programs and services designed to promote the maximum
  Programs                       possible degree of restoration of function of patients
                                 suffering from disease, disability or injury. Examples:
                                 cardiac rehabilitation for heart attack survivors, or
                                 physical therapy programs for stroke victims.

  Physical Therapists            Physical therapists help patients who have disabilities
                                 due to accident or illness or who were born with a
                                 developmental disability gain strength, flexibility,
                                 endurance, coordination and overall physical functioning.
                                 They also provide programs to lessen pain and prevent
                                 injury. Physical therapists are state-licensed. The
                                 minimum educational requirement is a post-baccalaureate
                                 degree from an accredited education program. The majority
                                 of programs offer a master\'s degree, but a growing
                                 number of programs offer the Doctor of Physical Therapy
                                 (DPT) degree. (American Physical Therapy Association)

  Physician Assistants           Physician Assistants are academically trained, licensed,
                                 or credentialed to provide medical care under the
                                 supervision of a physician. The concept does not include
                                 nurses, but does include orthopedic assistants,
                                 surgeon\'s assistants, and assistants to other
                                 specialists. (UNC)

  Plastic Surgeons               Plastic surgeons are concerned with restoration,
                                 reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damaged, or
                                 missing structures. (UNC)

  Podiatrists                    Podiatrists are concerned with the diagnosis and
                                 treatment of foot disorders and injuries and anatomic
                                 defects of the foot. Degree is doctor of podiatric
                                 medicine, but not physician.

  Poison Control Centers         Facilities which provide information concerning poisons
                                 and treatment of poisoning in emergencies. (UNC)

  Pregnancy Termination Services Procedures conducted by medical practitioners in a
                                 variety of settings for the purpose of the intentional
                                 removal of a fetus from the uterus. See also Family
                                 Planning Services. (UNC)

  Prescription Programs          Insurance or other programs covering part or all of the
                                 costs of drugs and medical products. (UNC)

  Primary Care Services          Services which provide integrated, accessible health care
                                 by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large
                                 majority of personal health care needs, developing a
                                 sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in
                                 the context of family and community. (adapted from JAMA
                                 1995;273(3):192)

  Psychiatric Hospitals          Special hospitals or hospital units which provide care to
                                 the mentally ill patient.(UNC)

  Psychiatrists                  Psychiatrists deal with the origin, diagnosis,
                                 prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.
                                 Psychiatrists are qualified to order diagnostic
                                 laboratory tests and to prescribe medications, evaluate
                                 and treat psychological and interpersonal problems, and
                                 to intervene with families who are coping with stress,
                                 crises, and other problems in living. (UNC)

  Psychologists                  Mental health professionals trained to assess, diagnose,
                                 and treat mental disorders by using individual, child,
                                 family, and group therapies. These practitioners have at
                                 least masters degrees, must have a PhD to become a
                                 licensed psychologist.

  Public Health Services         Public Health Services protect and improve the health of
                                 the community through comprehensive efforts to prevent,
                                 control and eradicate communicable disease; eliminate
                                 environmental health hazards; and recognize, prevent and
                                 control occupational health hazards and illnesses. From
                                 the AIRS taxonomy.

  Pulmonologists                 Pulmonologists are concerned with the study of the
                                 respiratory system and the diagnosis and treatment of
                                 diseases and defects of the lungs and bronchial tree.
                                 Pulmonologists diagnose and treat cancer, pneumonia,
                                 pleurisy, asthma, occupational diseases, bronchitis,
                                 sleep disorders, emphysema, and other complex disorders
                                 of the lungs. Pulmonology is a subspecialty of internal
                                 medicine.

  Radiologists                   Radiologists use radiologic methodologies to diagnose and
                                 treat disease.

  Recreational Therapists        Recreational therapists, also referred to as therapeutic
                                 recreation specialists, provide treatment services and
                                 recreation activities to individuals with disabilities or
                                 illnesses. Using a variety of techniques, therapists
                                 treat and maintain the physical, mental, and emotional
                                 well-being of their clients. A bachelor\'s degree in
                                 therapeutic recreation, or in recreation with a
                                 concentration in therapeutic recreation, is the usual
                                 requirement for entry-level positions. (Occupational
                                 Outlook Handbook.)

  Referral Services              Referral Services provide users with direction to or
                                 match users\' needs with detailed information concerning
                                 programs, services, or health care providers etc.
                                 Consider also Directories which are usually lists of
                                 contact information only. Referral Services may be used
                                 for community wide directories such as 211. See also
                                 Hotlines and Crisis Services.

  Research Centers               Facilities conducting critical and exhaustive
                                 investigation or experimentation.

  Respiratory Therapists         Respiratory therapists, practicing under physician
                                 direction, assume primary responsibility for all
                                 respiratory care therapeutic treatments and diagnostic
                                 procedures, including the supervision of respiratory
                                 therapy technicians. An associate degree has become the
                                 general requirement for entry into this field. Most
                                 programs award associate or bachelor\'s degrees and
                                 prepare graduates for jobs as advanced respiratory
                                 therapists. (Bureau of Labor Statistics)

  Respite Care Services          Temporary or periodic care provided in a nursing home,
                                 assisted living residence, or other type of long-term
                                 care program so that the usual caregiver can rest or take
                                 some time off. (Medicare)

  Retirement Facilities          Housing arrangements for the economical self-supporting
                                 older adult, intended to foster independent living. May
                                 be group homes or small apartments and may or may not
                                 involve nursing care or provide health facilities. See
                                 also Assisted Living Facilities and Nursing Homes. (UNC)

  Rheumatologists                A rheumatologist is an internist or pediatrician who is
                                 qualified by additional training and experience in the
                                 diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases
                                 of the joints, muscles and bones. (American College of
                                 Rheumatology)

  Search and Rescue              Programs that provide emergency rescue operations and/or
                                 lifesaving activities for people who are stranded, lost,
                                 accident victims, or exposed to other life threatening
                                 dangers. Included here are emergency medical
                                 transportation services (as opposed to routine
                                 transportation services.) (adapted from AIRS)

  Senior Centers                 Facilities that provide a variety of daytime services and
                                 a social hub to people usually of the age 55 or older.
                                 Services can include classes and workshops, health
                                 screenings, advocacy, transportation, meals on-site
                                 and/or delivered, crafts, trips etc. See also Adult Day
                                 Care Services. (UNC)

  Service Animals                Animals that have been taught to help individuals who
                                 have disabilities increase their mobility and
                                 independence and/or maximize their ability to communicate
                                 effectively. Also can apply to programs that provide and
                                 train recipients in the use of these animals. Distinguish
                                 from Animal Assisted Therapy Programs, which use animals
                                 for companionship, etc.

  Sex Education Programs         Programs providing information concerning sexual
                                 development, reproductive health, interpersonal
                                 relationships, affection, intimacy, body image, and
                                 gender roles. Such programs may be offered by community
                                 agencies, schools, or other groups. (UNC)

  Sex Therapists                 Practitioners who help people understand and resolve
                                 their sexual adjustment problems not caused by a physical
                                 problem. Licensed by states as counselors, therapists or
                                 psychologists.

  Sheltered Workshops            Protective places of employment for disabled persons
                                 which provide training and employment on a temporary or
                                 permanent basis. See also Disability Programs. (UNC)

  Shelters                       Facilities provided by public, religious, or private
                                 agencies offering temporary housing and other support
                                 services to specialized groups in need. Such groups
                                 include the homeless, domestic abuse victims etc. Some
                                 offer various types of counseling and follow-up. (UNC)

  Sleep Disorders Clinics        Programs that provide comprehensive preventive,
                                 diagnostic and treatment services for individuals who
                                 have any of a variety of conditions in which they have
                                 difficulty falling or staying asleep, abnormal behaviors
                                 during sleep or difficulty staying awake. (AIRS Taxonomy)

  Smoking Cessation Programs     Treatment programs usually administered in a group
                                 setting, to help people quit smoking. Many utilize
                                 strategies that combine pharmacological and behavioral
                                 techniques. (UNC)

  Social Services                Social Services are tangible services which may or may
                                 not be provided by a social worker. They may include:
                                 counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families,
                                 and groups or helping families obtain social and health
                                 services such as food programs or substance abuse
                                 services. (UNC)

  Specialty Care Assisted Living A subset of Assisted Living Facilities (definition: A
  Facilities                     housing and health care alternative combining
                                 independence with personal care. It provides a
                                 combination of housing, personalized supportive services
                                 and health care designed to meet the needs, both
                                 scheduled and unscheduled, of those who need help with
                                 activities of daily living. (Assisted Living Foundation
                                 of America.) ) Specialty Care Assisted Living Facilities
                                 provide services to a specific subset of persons, e.g.,
                                 with a specific disorder. See also Group Homes and
                                 Nursing Homes.

  Speech Therapists              Speech-language pathologists, sometimes called speech
                                 therapists, assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent
                                 speech, language, cognitive, communication, voice,
                                 swallowing, fluency, and other related disorders. Almost
                                 all states require a master\'s degree or equivalent and
                                 licensure. (Occupational Outlook Handbook)

  Sport Psychologists            Sport psychologists help both athletes and non-athletes
                                 with goal setting, focusing, and imagery, depression,
                                 substance abuse, and eating disorders. Association for
                                 the Advancement of Applied Sports Psychology certifies
                                 its membership.

  Support Groups                 Organizations which provide an environment encouraging
                                 social interactions through group activities or
                                 individual relationships especially for the purpose of
                                 rehabilitating or supporting patients and their families
                                 with their health problems. (UNC)

  Surgeons                       Surgeons manage a broad spectrum of surgical conditions
                                 affecting almost any area of the body. Surgeons establish
                                 the diagnosis and provide the preoperative, operative,
                                 and postoperative care to surgical patients and are
                                 usually responsible for the comprehensive management of
                                 the trauma victim and the critically ill surgical
                                 patient. (UNC)

  Surgicenters                   Facilities designed to serve patients who require
                                 surgical treatment exceeding the capabilities of usual
                                 physician\'s office yet not of such proportion as to
                                 require hospitalization. (MeSH)

  Telemedicine Programs          Delivery of health services via remote
                                 telecommunications. This includes interactive, remote
                                 consultation and diagnostic services such as
                                 telepathology and teleradiology. (adapted from MeSH.)

  Therapeutic Camps              Residential or day camp facilities that are appropriately
                                 staffed and equipped to provide an opportunity for
                                 children who have developmental disabilities, emotional
                                 disturbances or health impairments, or who have other
                                 limitations or problems which require special facilities
                                 or programming, to enjoy a cooperative living experience
                                 in the out-of-doors. (UNC)

  Thoracic Surgeons              Thoracic Surgeons provide the diagnostic, operative,
                                 perioperative care and critical care of patients with
                                 pathologic conditions within the chest. Conditions
                                 treated by the Thoracic surgeon include coronary artery
                                 disease, cancers of the lung, esophagus and chest wall,
                                 abnormalities of the trachea, great vessels and heart
                                 valves, congenital anomalies and diseases of the
                                 diaphragm. From the American Board of Medical
                                 Specialties.

  Transitional Care Facilities   Type of short-term care provided by many long-term care
                                 facilities and hospitals which may include rehabilitation
                                 services, specialized care for certain conditions (such
                                 as stroke and diabetes) and/or post-surgical care and
                                 other services associated with the transition between the
                                 hospital and home. Residents on these units often have
                                 been hospitalized recently and typically have more
                                 complicated medical needs. The goal of subacute care is
                                 to discharge residents to their homes or to a lower level
                                 of care. (Also called subacute care or post-acute care.)
                                 (from
                                 http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/diction.shtml#transitional).

  Transportation Services        Services providing transportation to and from area
                                 hospitals, dialysis centers, doctors\' offices, radiation
                                 visits, occupational and physical therapy treatments etc.
                                 for children with special needs and the elderly. Services
                                 vary from provider to provider and some forms are covered
                                 by insurance such as Medicaid. (UNC)

  Urologists                     Urologists are concerned with the study, diagnosis, and
                                 treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes
                                 and the genital tract in the male. Urology includes the
                                 specialty of andrology, which addresses both male genital
                                 diseases and male infertility. It is a surgical
                                 specialty. (UNC)

  Vascular Surgeons              Vascular Surgeons have expertise in the management of
                                 surgical disorders of the blood vessels. (UNC)

  Veterinary Medical Services    Veterinary medicine is the science that specializes in
                                 the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease or
                                 injury in animals. Services related to veterinary
                                 medicine include disease prevention and control,
                                 particularly diseases that are transmissible between
                                 animals and humans or affecting human welfare. (NLM
                                 Collection Development Manual)

  Waste Management Services      Waste Management programs and services deal with the
                                 inspection, monitoring and disposal of liquid and solid
                                 waste both on private and commercial properties. (UNC)

  Weight Management Programs     Programs that help people keep body weight at a healthful
                                 level, usually involving monitoring of food intake and
                                 increasing physical activity. Gradual changes in eating
                                 habits will help encourage a permanent lifestyle change.
                                 Counseling and behavior modification may be
                                 necessary.(Adam encyclopedia)

  Yoga Programs                  Yoga classes and teachers lead people in learning the
                                 techniques and theories of yoga practice. Yoga is an
                                 ancient system of relaxation, exercise and healing with
                                 origins in Indian philosophy. Yoga has been described as
                                 \"the union of mind, body, and spirit.\" Yoga is often
                                 practiced by healthy individuals with the aim to achieve
                                 relaxation, fitness and a healthy lifestyle. Yoga may be
                                 practiced alone, or with a group. Yoga classes and video
                                 tapes are available. There are no official or
                                 well-accepted licensing requirements for yoga
                                 practitioners. (Natural Standard)
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