**Shenandoah Valley Bibliography (October 2007)**

**Updated September 2008**

Bender, M.L., and Downey, D.M., 2008, \"RESPONSE OF AQUATIC CHEMISTRY IN
AN ACID SENSITIVE TROUT STREAM FROM AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES,\"
Proceedings of the 22nd National Conference on Undergraduate Research,
accepted for publication in UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 2008, CD-ROM

Bennett, K.H., and Downey, D.M., 1994, \"Aluminum Response in Acid
Mitigation\" in Proceedings of 8th National Conference on Undergraduate
Research, Vol. III, UNCA, Asheville, N.C., August, 1994, pp. 1087-1091.

Bieber, P.P., 1961, Ground-water features of Berkeley and Jefferson
Counties, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey
Bulletin 21, 81 p.

http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/services/servpubc.htm

Blumton, A.K., Fraser, J.D., Young, R.W., Goodbred, S., Porter, S.L. and
Luukkonen, D.L., 1990, Pesticide and PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes
in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, v.45, no.5, p.697-702.

Boughton, C.J., and McCoy, K.J., 2006, Hydrogeology, Aquifer
Geochemistry, and Ground-Water Quality in Morgan County, West Virginia:
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5198, 56 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20065198

Carpenter, D.W., Jung, R.E. and Sites. J.W., Jr., 2001, Conservation
genetics of the endangered Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah,
Plethodontidae): Animal Conservation, v.4, no.2, p.111-119. \<BIOLOGICAL
STUDIES\>

Crocker, J.B., Bank, M.S., Loftin, C.S. and Jung Brown, R.E., 2007,
Influence of observers and stream flow on northern two-lined salamander
(Eurycea Bislineata Bislineata) relative abundance estimates in Acadia
and Shenandoah National Parks: Journal of Herpetology, v.41, no.2,
p.325-329. \<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

Dennis, T.E., MacAvoy, S.E., Steg, M.B. and Bulger, A.J., 1995, The
association of water chemistry variables and fish condition in streams
of Shenandoah National Park: Department of Environmental Sciences, v.85,
no.2, p.365. \<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

Doctor, Daniel H., Weary, David J., Orndorff, Randall C., Harlow, George
E., Jr., Kozar, Mark D., Nelms, David L, 2008, Bedrock structural
controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the northern
Great Valley karst, Virginia and West Virginia: Proceedings of the
Second Appalachian Karst Symposium, Knoxville, TN, May 7-10, 2008, 9 p.

Downey, D.M., Lancaster, E.D., and Stoner, C.L., 1990, \"Limestone
Treatment of Little Stony and Cedar Creeks,\" A Report to the George
Washington National Forest, Harrisonburg, VA, July, 1990, 68 pages.

Downey, D.M., and Patton, R.D., 1991, \"Limestoning of Two Virginia
Trout Streams: Results of 18 Months of Study,\" Collected Abstracts of
the 1991 Virginia Water Resources Conference, Virginia Water Resources
Research Center, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April, 1991, pp. 67-70.

Downey, D.M., French, C.R., and Odom, M., 1994, \"Low Cost Limestone
Treatment of Acid Sensitive Trout Streams in the Appalachian Mountains
of Virginia,\" Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 77, 1-29 (1994).

Downey, D.M., Wirtz, S.E., Kruer, K.R., and Douglas, S.P., 1999, \"Water
Chemistry Assessment of Maple Flats Sinkhole Ponds,\" Banasteria, 13,
53-66, 1999.

El-Farhan, Y.H., DeNovio, N.M., Herman, J.S. and Hornberger, G.M., 2000,
Mobilization and transport of soil particles during infiltration
experiments in an agricultural field, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia:
Department of Environmental Sciences, p.3555 -- 3559.

Evaldi, R.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2006, Base-Flow Yields of Watersheds in
the Berkeley County Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Data
Series 216, 4 p., 1 fig.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/216/

Evaldi, R.D., and Paybins, K.S., 2006, Channel gains and losses in the
Opequon Creek watershed of West Virginia, July 25-28, 2005: U.S.
Geological Survey Data Series 179, 7 p., 1 fig.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds179/

Fedson, D.S., Harward, M.P., Reid, R.A. and Kaiser, D.L., 1990,
Hospital-based pneumococcal immunization. Epidemiologic rationale from
the Shenandoah study: The Journal of the American Medical Association,
v.264, 1117 p.

Feldman, R.S. and Connor, E.F., 1992, The relationship between pH and
community structure of invertebrates in streams of the Shenandoah
National Park, Virginia: Freshwater Biology, v.27, no.2, p.261 -- 276.
\<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

French, C.R., Downey, D.M., and Hudy, M., 1992, \"The Aluminum Chemistry
Behind the Liming of an Acid Sensitive Stream,\" Collected Abstracts of
the 1992 Water Resources Research Conference Virginia Water Resources
Research Center, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April, 1992, pp 72-73.

Gozdziak, E.M. and Bump, M.N., 2004, Poultry, apples, and new immigrants
in the rural communities of the Shenandoah Valley: An Ethnographic Case
Study International Migration, v.42, no.1, p.149- 164.

Grant, E.H.C., Jung, R.E., and Rice, K.C., 2005, Stream salamander
species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v.153,
p.348-356. \<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

Hall, C.N. and Kuss, F.R., 1989, Vegetation alteration along trails in
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Biological Conservation, v.48, no.3,
211 p. \<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

Harlow, George E., Jr., 2001, Appraisal of the Northern Shenandoah
Valley Carbonate Aquifer System, Frederick County, Virginia \[PDF file
3.2 MB\], Source Water Protection in Karst: Delineation, Policy, and
Management Workshop, Lord Fairfax Community College, Middletown, Va.

Hess, J and Pizzuto, J., 2006, Distribution and residence times of large
woody debris along South River, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia EOS
Transactions: American Geophysical Union, v.87, no.52.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Fisher, D.W., Pearson, F.J., Jr., and Chemerys, J.C.,
1979, Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal springs of the Appalachians:
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-E, 36 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1044E

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Chemerys, J.C., Fisher, D.W., and Pearson, F.J., Jr.,
1976, Geochemical and hydrologic data for wells and springs in thermal
springs areas of the appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-550, 36 leaves/maps.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr76550

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Chemerys, J.C., Fisher, D.W., and Pearson, F.J., Jr.,
1977, Geochemical and hydrologic data for wells and springs in thermal
springs areas of the appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 77-25, 36 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri7725

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1976, Ground-water hydrology of Berkeley County, West
Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Economic Geology
Bulletin 13, 21 p.

http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/services/servpubc.htm

Hobba, W.A., Jr., 1981, Ground-water hydrology of Jefferson County, West
Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Economic Geology
Bulletin 16, 21 p.

http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/services/servpubc.htm

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Friel, E.A., and Chisholm, J.L., 1973, Ground-water
hydrology of the Potomac River basin, West Virginia: West Virginia
Geological and Economic Survey Atlas, 1 sheet.

Hobba, W.A., Jr., Friel, E.A., and Chisholm, J.L., 1972, Water resources
of the Potomac River Basin, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and
Economic Survey River Basin Bulletin no. 3, 110 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr74220

Hudy, M., Downey, D.M., and Bowman, D.W., 2000, \"Successful Restoration
of An Acidified Native Brook Trout Stream Through Mitigation with
Limestone Sand,\" North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20,
453-466, 2000.

Hyer, K.E., Webb, J.R. and Eshleman, K.N., 1995, Episodic acidification
of three streams in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water, Air, &
Soil Pollution, v.85, no.2, 523 p.

Jones, W.K., and Dieke, G.H., III, 1981, A hydrogeologic study of the
watershed of the National Fisheries Center at Leetown, West Virginia:
Consultant hydrologist report prepared for the U.S. Department of the
Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 83 p.

Knitter, K.S., and Downey, D.M., 1998, \"Mitigation of Acidity in an
Oligotrophic Reservoir and its Feeder Stream,\" in Proceedings of the
12th National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Vol. V, UNCA,
Asheville, NC, August, 1998, pp. 1776-1779.

Kozar, M.D., Hobba, W.A., and Macy, J.A., 1991, Geohydrology, water
availability, and water quality of Jefferson County, West Virginia, with
emphasis on the carbonate area: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources
Investigation Report 90-4118, 93 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri904118

Kozar, M.D., and Mathes, M.V., 2001, Occurrence of Coliform bacteria in
a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA: Abstract in
proceedings of the eighth multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and
the engineering and environmental impacts of karst, Barry F. Beck and J.
Gayle Herring, editors, P.E. LaMoreaux & Associates, Inc. Oak Ridge,
Tennessee, pp. 217-221.

Kozar, M.D., Weary, D.J., Paybins, K.S., and Pierce, H.A., 2007,
Hydrogeologic setting and ground-water flow in the Leetown Area, West
Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report
2007-5066, 70 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20075066

Kozar, M.D., McCoy, K.J., Weary, D.J., Field, M.S., Pierce, H.A.,
Schill, W.B., and Young, J.A., 2008, Geohydrology and Water Quality of
the Leetown Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological survey Open-file report
2007-1358, 100 p, 133 p. appendices.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr20071358

Krstolic, J.L., and Hayes, D.C., 2004, Water-quality synoptic sampling,
July 1999: North Fork Shenandoah River, Virginia : U.S. Geological
Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5153, 82 p.

Krstolic, J.L., Hayes, D.C., and Ruhl, P.M., 2006, Physical Habitat
Classification and Instream Flow Modeling to Determine Habitat
Availability During Low-Flow Periods, North Fork Shenandoah River,
Virginia : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report
2006-5025, 63 p.

Landes, C.R., and Downey, D.M., 2004, \"Biological and Water Chemistry
Response of Liming Mountain Run,\" Proceedings of the 18th National
Conference on Undergraduate Research, UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 2004,
CD-ROM.

Lee, T.R. and Hornberger, G.M., 2006, Inferred bimodality in the
distribution of soil moisture at Big Meadows, Shenandoah National Park,
Virginia: Geophysical Research Letters, v.33, no.6.

Lessing, Peter, Hobba, W.A., Jr., Dean, S.L., and Kulander, B.R., 1991,
Relations between warm springs and geology delineated by side-looking
airborne-radar imagery in eastern West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4096, p. 44.

<http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri884096>

Mathes, M.V., 2000, Relation of bacteria in limestone aquifers to septic
systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4229, 12 p.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri004229

McCoy, K.J., and Kozar, M.D., 2007, Use of sinkhole and specific
capacity distributions to assess vertical gradients in a karst aquifer:
Environmental Geology, DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0889-1, 15 p.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/b231067245x58643/?p=bd557274c6bf43c085284ee63cc669d8&pi=9

McCoy, Kurt J., Podwysocki, Melvin H., Crider, E. Allen, and Weary,
David, J., 2005, Fracture trace map and single-well aquifer test results
in a carbonate aquifer in Berkeley County, West Virginia: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1040, 1 Plate.

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr20051040

McCoy, Kurt J., Podwysocki, Melvin H., Crider, E. Allen, and Weary,
David, J., 2005, Fracture trace map and single-well aquifer test results
in a carbonate aquifer in Jefferson County, West Virginia: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1407, 1 Plate.

<http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr20051407>

Mitchell, J.C., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 1999, \"Introduction to
the Symposium on the Natural History of the Big Levels Area: Shenandoah
Valley Sinkhole Ponds and St. Mary\'s River,\" Banasteria, 13, 5-10,
1999.

Mitchell, R.D., 1972, The Shenandoah Valley Frontier: Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, v.62, no.3, p.461--486.

Mohn, L.O., Bugas, P.E., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 2000,
\"Mitigating Stream Acidification in a Wilderness Using Limestone
Sand,\" pp. 176-184 in Proceedings of Wild Trout VII: Management in the
New Millennium, D. Schill, S. Moore, P. Byorth and B. Hamre, eds.,
Yellowstone National Park, WY, October, 2000.

Mohn, L.O., Bugas, P.E., Kirk, D.M., and Downey, D.M., 2004, \"Long term
results of mitigating stream acidification using limestone sand in St.
Mary\'s River, Virginia.\" Pp. 283-290 In Moore, S. E., R. F. Carline,
and J. Dillon, eds. 2004. Proceedings of Wild Trout VIII: Working
together to ensure the future of wild trout. 30th anniversary, 2004
September 20-22; Yellowstone National Park, WY. 392 pages.

Orndorff, R.C. and Harlow, G.E., Jr., 2002, FIELD TRIP GUIDE
Hydrogeologic framework of the Northern Shenandoah Valley carbonate
aquifer system, in Kuniansky, Eve L., ed.: U.S. Geological Survey Karst
Interest Group Proceedings, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, August 20-22,
2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
02-4174, p. 81-89. \[PDF file-667 KB\].

Pearson, B.C., 2005, Comparative Accuracy in Four Civil War Maps of the
Shenandoah Valley: A GIS Analysis: The Professional Geographer, v.57,
no.3, p.376- 394.

Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Bohlke, J.K., Nelms, D.L., Michel, R.L.,
and Schlosser, P., 2001, Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah
National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer
approach: Chemical Geology, v.179, p.93-111.

Reid, S.E. and Marion, J.L., 2004, Effectiveness of a Confinement
Strategy for Reducing Campsite Impacts in Shenandoah National:
Environmental Conservation, v.31, no.04, p.274-282.

Rice, K.C., Chanat, J.G., Hornberger, G.M. , and Webb J.R., 2001,
Concentration-discharge patterns in acid-neutralizing capacity during
stormflow in three small, forested catchments in Shenandoah National
Park, Virginia, \[abs.\], in U.S. Geological Survey Appalachian Region
integrated science workshop proceedings, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, October
22-26, 2001: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-406, p.130.

Rice, K.C., Chanat, J.G., Hornberger, G.M., and Webb, J.R., 2004,
Interpretation of concentration-discharge patterns in acid-neutralizing
capacity during storm flow in three small, forested catchments in
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water Resources Research, 40,
W05301, doi:10.1029/2003WR002709

Rice, K.C., Deviney, F.A., Hornberger, G.M., and Webb, J.R., 2005,
Predicting the Vulnerability of Streams to Episodic Acidification and
Potential Effects on Aquatic Biota in Shenandoah National Park,
Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report
2005-5259, 154 p.

Rice, K.C., Hornberger, G.M., and Webb, R.J., 2000, Episodic variation
of acid-neutralizing capacity in streamwater at Paine Run, Shenandoah
National Park, Virginia \[abs.\], American Geophysical Union 2000 Spring
Meeting, Washington, D.C.: published as a supplement to EOS
Transactions, May 9, 2000, p. S259.

Rice, K.C., Maben, S.W., and Webb, J.R., 2000, Water-Quality Data of
Soil Water from Three Watersheds, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia,
1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-236, 17 p. \[PDF
file-392 KB\].

Rice, K.C., Monti, M.M., and Ettinger, M.R., 2005, Water-Quality Data
from Ground- and Surface-Water near Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations (CAFOs) and non-CAFOs in the Shenandoah Valley and Eastern
Shore of Virginia, January-February 2004: U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 05-1388,  \[PDF file-3.1 MB.

Rice, K.C., Raffensperger, J.P. and Webb, R.J., 1999, Hydrological and
geochemical controls on episodic acidification of streams in Shenandoah
National Park, Virginia\--Development and testing of a predictive model
\[abs.\]: Virginia Water Research Symposium, November 15, 1999,
Richmond, Va.

Shultz, R.A., Hobba, W.A., and Kozar, M.D., 1995, Geohydrology and
ground-water quality of Berkeley County, West Virginia, with emphasis on
the carbonate area: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation
Report 93-4073, 88 p.

<http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri934073>

Segovia, A.V. and Franco, L., 1977, Archaeological implications of the
geomorphologic evolution of the Lower Shenandoah Valley, Virginia:
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v.288, p.189--193.

Sites, J.W., Jr., Morando, Mariana, Highton, Richard, Huber, Fred and
Jung, R.E., 2004, Phylogenetic Relationships of the endangered
Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) and other salamanders of
the Plethodon cinereus Group (Caudata: Plethodontidae): Journal of
Herpetology, v.38, no.1, p.96-105. \<BIOLOGICAL STUDIES\>

Standage, R.W., and Downey, D.M., 1990, \"Single Point, Single
Application Limestoning of Little Stony Creek,\" Collected Abstracts of
1990 Virginia Water Resources Conference, Virginia Water Resources
Research Center, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April, 1990, pp. 54-56.

Standage, R.W., Downey, D.M., and Kenworthy, R.P., 1990, \"Stream pH
Modification with Single-Point Limestone Application, \"Abstracts of
120th National Meeting of American Fisheries Society, American Fisheries
Society, Bellefonte, PA, August, 1990, p. 143.

Stoner, C.L., and Downey, D.M., 1990, \"Mitigation of Acid Rain in
Streamwater with Limestone,\" Proceedings of 4th National Conference on
Undergraduate Research, Vol. II, K. Whatley, Ed., UNCA, Asheville, NC,
August 1990, pp 577-582.

Talbot, R.W., 1995, Carboxylic acids in the rural continental atmosphere
over the eastern United States during the Shenandoah Cloud and
Photochemistry Experiment: Journal of Geophysical Research, v.100,
no.D5, 9335 p.

Vandervoort, C., 2007, The Status of Water Quality in the Rivers and
Tributaries of the Shenandoah River Watershed: Friends of the Shenandoah
River Report, 60 p.

Wagman, J.D. and Downey, D.M., 1991, \"Limestone Treatment of Acid
Streams,\" Proceedings of th National Conference on Undergraduate
Research, Vol. I, K. Whatley, Ed., UNCA, Asheville, NC, August, 1991, pp
535-540.

Wang, J., Epstein, H., 2006, Properties and Processes of Carbon Cycling
During Secondary Succession in the Shenandoah Valley, Northern Virginia,
EOS Transactions: American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no.52.

Weary, D.J., Doctor, D.H., Orndorff, R.C., and Harlow, G.E., Jr., 2007,
Structural control of spring locations in the Northern Shenandoah
Valley, Virginia and West Virginia: interpretation of geologic controls
on ground-water flow paths in folded and faulted carbonate rocks
\[abs.\]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v.39,
no.2, 99 p.

Weary, D.J., Harlow, G.E., Jr., Orndorff, R.C., and Alemán-González,
Wilma, 2004, Interdisciplinary cooperative geologic mapping and
ground-water resource analyses of Frederick County, Virginia by the U.S.
Geological Survey \[abs.\]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with
Programs, v.36, no.5, p.578.

Webb, R.J., Cosby, B.J., Deviney, F.A., Jr., Galloway, J.N., Maben,
S.W., and Bulger, A.J., 2004, Are Brook Trout Streams in Western
Virginia and Shenandoah National Park Recovering from Acidification?:
Department of Environmental Sciences, p.4091 -- 4096.

Williams, S.T., Hibbits, H.A. and Campbell, E.V., 2006, Digital
compilation of geologic maps and new structural and stratigraphic
interpretations in the southern Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Abstracts
with Programs - Geological Society of America, v.38, no.3, 77 p.
\<GEOLOGY\>

Wirtz, S.E., and Downey, D.M., 1997, \"Water Chemistry Habitat
Assessment for the Eastern Tiger Salamander\" in Proceedings of the 11th
National Conference on Undergraduate Research, UNCA, Asheville, NC,
August, 1997, pp. 1876-1880.

Zappia, Humbert and Hayes, D.C., 1998, A demonstration of the instream
flow incremental methodology, Shenandoah River, Virginia: U.S.
Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4157, 24 p.

Zewe, B.T., 1991, The influence of lineaments and hydrogeologic setting
on well yield in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, West Virginia:
Morgantown, W.Va., West Virginia University Master's Thesis, 232 p.

Aleinikoff, J.N., Tollo, R.P., Yacob, E.Y. and Fanning, C.M., 2005,
SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Grenville gneisses and granitoids,
Shenandoah National Park region, northern Virginia: Geological Society
of America, v.37, no.1, 9 p.

Applebee, G.M. and Nusbaum, R.L., 2005, Biotite composition from felsic
igneous rocks; Shenandoah igneous province: Geological Society of
America, v.37, no.7, 300 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Burbey, T.J., 2003, Water-management model---Frederick County Sanitation
Authority: Thomas J. Burbey, PhD, Blacksburg, VA, 11 p., 1 table, 10
figures.

Butler, Eric, 2005, Vistas, visitors, and vegetation; how geology is
taking root at Shenandoah National Park: Geologic Society of America,
v.37, no.7, 411 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Butts, Charles, and Edmundson, R.S., 1966, Geology and mineral resources
of Frederick County: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 80,
142 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Cady, R.C., 1938, Ground-water resources of northern Virginia: Virginia
Geological Survey, Bulletin 50, 200 p.

Cederstrom, D.J., 1972, Evaluation of yields of wells in consolidated
rocks, Virginia to Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper
2021, 38 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Cooper, B.N.and Cooper, G.A., Lower Middle Ordovician stratigraphy of
the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: The Geological Society of American
Bulletin, v.57, p.35 -- 113.

Deviney, F.A., Jr., Rice, K.C., and Hornberger, G.M., 2006, Time series
and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams
to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water
Resources Research, 42, W09405, doi:10.1029/2005WR004740.

Edmundson, R.S., 1945, Industrial limestones and dolomites in Virginia;
northern and central parts of the Shenandoah Valley: Virginia Geological
Survey Bulletin 65, 195 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Epstein, J.B., 1993, Structural analysis of divergent folds in the
Martinsburg and Oranda Formations Middletown 7.5-minute quadrangle,
Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-25, 13 p.

Epstein, J.B., Orndorff, R.C., and Rader, E.K., 1995, Middle Ordovician
Stickley Run member (new name) of the Martinsburg Formation, Shenandoah
Valley, northern Virginia, in Stratigraphic Notes, 1994: U.S. Geological
Survey Bulletin 2135, p. 1-13.

Evans, M.A., 1989, The structural geometry and evolution of foreland
thrust systems, northern Virginia: Geological Society of America
Bulletin, v. 101, no. 3, p. 339-354.

Felker, KristiClare; Benedict, Meredith L; Eaton, L Scott, 2004,
Sedimentology and geomorphology of Blackrock block stream, Shenandoah
National Park, Virginia: Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of
America, v.36, no.2, 73 p. \<GEOLOGY\>

Harlow, G.E., Jr., Orndorff, R.C., Nelms, D.L., Weary, D.J., and Moberg,
R.M., 2005, Hydrogeology and ground-water availability in the carbonate
aquifer system of Frederick County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2005-5161,
30 p.

Harris, A.G., Stamm, N.R., Weary, D.J., Repetski, J.E., Stamm, R.G., and
Parker, R.A., 1994, Conodont color alteration index (CAI) map and
conodont-based age determination for the Winchester 30' X 60' quadrangle
and adjacent areas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland: U.S.
Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF2239, scale
1:100,000.

Herman, J.S., and Hubbard, D.A., Jr., 1990, eds., Travertine-marl:
Stream deposits in Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources
Publication 101, 184 p.

King, P.B., 1949, The floor of the Shenandoah Valley, American Journal
of Science, v.247, p.73-93.

Lindsey, B.D., Phillips, S.W., Donnelly, C.A., Speiran, G.K., Plummer,
L.N., Bohlke, J.F., Focazio, M.J., Burton, W.C. and Busenberg,
Eurybiades, 2003, Residence times and nitrate transport in ground water
discharging to streams in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological
Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4035, 201 p.

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