# PART VIII -- FENCING

### **ITEM F-160 WIRE FENCE WITH WOOD POSTS (Classes A and B Fences)**

DESCRIPTION

**160-1.1**  This item covers the requirements for furnishing materials
and constructing new wire fences and gates with wood posts in accordance
with the details included herein and as shown on the plans.  The class
of fence to be erected shall be either Class A, woven wire fencing
surmounted by two strands of barbed wire, or Class B, four strands of
barbed wire, as indicated on the plans and in the bid proposal.

MATERIALS

**160-2 WIRE.**

**a. Woven Wire (Zinc-coated).**  The woven wire fence shall be 7‑bar,
26‑inch (66 cm) field fence with top and bottom wires No. 10 gauge, and
filler and stay wires No. 12 1/2 gauge.  Stay wires shall be spaced 6
inches (150 mm) apart.  All wires shall be smooth galvanized steel wire,
conforming to ASTM A 121, Type B.  All wires shall be two‑dip and shall
be spaced as shown on the plans.

**b. Barbed Wire (Zinc-coated).**  Zinc‑coated barbed wire shall be
2‑strand twisted No. 12 1/2 gauge galvanized steel wire with 4‑point
barbs of No. 14 gauge galvanized steel wire.  All wire shall conform to
ASTM A 121, Type A.  The barbs shall be spaced approximately 4 inches
(100 mm) apart.

**c. Barbed Wire (Copper-covered).**  Copper‑covered steel barbed wire
shall conform to ASTM A 121, Type A.

**d. Barbed Wire (Aluminum-coated).**  Aluminum‑coated steel‑barbed wire
shall be 2‑strand twisted No. 12 1/2 gauge.  The 4‑point barbs of No. 14
gauge aluminum‑coated steel wire shall be spaced approximately 5 inches
(125 mm) apart.  The steel wire shall have a tensile strength of between
60,000 and 80,000 pounds per square inch (413 400 and 551 200 kPa), and
the aluminum coating shall have a minimum weight of 0.30 ounce per
square foot (0.07 kg/square meter) of wire surface on the No. 12 1/2
gauge line wires and 0.25 ounce per square foot (0.06 kg/square meter)
of wire surface on the No. 14 gauge barbs.

**e. Bracing Wire (Zinc-coated).**  Wire used for cable for bracing
shall be No. 9 smooth galvanized soft wire.

**160-2.2 GATES AND HARDWARE.**  Gates shall be constructed of
galvanized steel tubing conforming to Fed. Spec. RR‑F‑191 and shall be
the size shown on the plans.  Heavily galvanized hinges and latches for
wood posts shall be furnished with each gate.  Either a bolt or lag
screw hinge shall be used, and either a wing or butterfly latch shall be
furnished.

**160-2.3 POSTS.**

**a. Species.**  All posts shall be one of the following species of
wood, unless otherwise noted in the proposal.

**Group I Group II**

Cedar Douglas‑fir

Chestnut Gum, Red

Cypress, Southern Larch, Western

Locust, Black Pine, Southern Yellow

Osage‑orange Pine, Lodgepole

Redwood Tamarack

Yew, Pacific Ash

Honeylocust Maple, Sugar

Oak, White Oak, Red

Mulberry Spruce

Live Oak

Posts of Group I may be used untreated, provided at least 75% of the
wood is heartwood.  Posts of less than 75% heartwood of Group I shall be
given a preservative treatment for the part of the post that will have
contact with the ground line in accordance with the method specified
under subparagraph e(1) below.  Posts of Group II shall be given a
preservative treatment in accordance with the method specified under
subparagraph e(2) below.

**b. Quality.**  Posts shall be peeled, sound, straight‑grained, free
from decay, cracks, and splits; shakes shall not be in excess of 1/4
inch (6 mm) wide and 3 feet (90 cm) long.  Checks (lengthwise
separations of the wood in a generally radial direction) are permitted,
provided they are not injurious.

**c. Dimensions.**  All posts shall be of the length shown on the
plans.  Posts shall have the minimum top diameters shown on the plans or
as specified.  Sawed and split posts are acceptable in lieu of round
posts provided their dimensions are such that round posts of required
diameter could be turned therefrom.

**d. Manufacture.**  Outer bark shall be completely removed from all
posts including depressions.  Inner bark shall be removed from all post
surfaces to be treated, except inner bark may remain in depressions. 
The amount of wood shaved off in the removal of inner bark shall be held
to a minimum.

**e. Treatment.**

**(1) Butt treatment.**  All timber shall be thoroughly seasoned and dry
(22% maximum moisture content) before applying preservative treatment. 
The treatment shall be by a process at least equal to a hot and cold
bath process.  The hot bath temperature shall be from 200 to 230 F (90
to 110 C) for a duration of 45 minutes, and the cold bath temperature
not over 120 F (50 C) for a duration of 45 minutes.  The preservative
shall be either coal‑gas tar or coke‑oven tar creosote conforming to
American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA) Specification No. 4 for
Grade 1 creosote; or a 5% minimum, by weight, pentachlorophenol
petroleum solution made by either mixing a liquid concentrate of
pentachlorophenol in fuel oil or kerosene, or by dissolving
pentachlorophenol crystals of technical purity in suitable fuel oil
solvents, as specified by AWPA.

**(2) Full length treatment.**  Posts shall be conditioned by air
seasoning, steaming, or heating in oil in a manner that prevents
injurious checking, splitting, or warping before treating.  The
treatment, care and preservative shall be in accordance with AWPA.

**160-2.4 BRACES.**  Cleats, gate stops, and braces shall be of the size
shown on the plans.  They shall be of the same species and quality
specified for the posts or approved by the Engineer, and they shall be
free from knots larger than one‑third the width of the piece.  Gate
stops shall be made of posts of suitable length.  Braces may be made of
posts of suitable length or of sawed lumber.  All cleats, gate stops,
and any braces in contact with the ground and for a distance of at least
6 inches (150 mm) above the ground shall be treated by the hot and cold
bath process, specified herein for posts.  The wire used in cable for
bracing shall conform to 160‑2.1e.

**160-2.5 STAPLES.**  The staples shall be No. 9 galvanized steel wire,
1 inch (25 mm) long for hardwood posts and 1‑1/2 inches (37 mm) long for
use in softwood posts.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**160-3.1 GENERAL.**  The fence shall be constructed in accordance with
the details on the plans and as specified herein using new materials,
and all work shall be performed in a workmanlike manner, satisfactory to
the Engineer.  Prior to the beginning of the work or upon the request of
the Contractor, the Engineer shall locate the position of the work by
establishing and marking the property line or fence line.  When
directed, the Contractor shall span the opening below the fence with
barbed wire fastened to posts of extra length at locations of small
natural or drainage ditches where it is not practical to conform the
fence to the general contour of the ground surface.  The new fence shall
be permanently tied to the terminals of existing fences whenever
required by the Engineer.  The finished fence shall be plumb, taut, true
to line and ground contour, and complete in every detail.  When
directed, the Contractor shall stake down the woven wire fence at
several points between posts.

When directed, in order to keep stock on adjoining property enclosed at
all times, the Contractor shall arrange the work so that construction of
the new fence will immediately follow the removal of existing fences. 
The length of unfenced section at any time shall not exceed 300 feet (90
m) or such length that the stock can be kept in the proper field.  The
work shall progress in this manner, and at the close of the working day,
the newly constructed fence shall be tied to the unremoved existing
fence.  Any openings in the fence shall be guarded when stock is using
the adjoining property.

**160-3.2 CLEARING FENCE LINE.**  The site of the fence shall be
sufficiently clear of obstructions, and surface irregularities shall be
graded so that the fence will conform to the general contour of the
ground.  The fence line shall be cleared to a minimum width of 2 feet
(60 cm) on each side of the centerline of the fence.  This clearing
shall consist of the removal of all stumps, brush, rocks, trees, or
other obstructions that will interfere with proper construction of the
fence.  Stumps within the cleared area of the fence line shall be
grubbed or excavated.  The bottom of the fence shall be placed a uniform
distance above ground as specified in the plans.  When shown on the
plans or as directed by the Engineer, the existing fences which coincide
with, or are in a position to interfere with, the new fence location
shall be removed by the Contractor as part of the construction work,
unless such removal is listed as a separate item in the bid schedule. 
All holes remaining after post and stump removal shall be refilled with
suitable soil, gravel, or other material acceptable to the Engineer and
shall be compacted properly with tampers.

The work shall include the handling and disposal of all material
cleared, of excess excavation and the removal of spoiled material
regardless of the type, character, composition, or condition of such
material encountered.

**160-3.3 SETTING POSTS.**  Posts shall be set with large ends down,
plumb, and in good line on the side on which the wire is to be
fastened.  Posts shall be set full depth and shall not be cut off to
eliminate rock or other excavation.  Where rock is encountered, it shall
be removed, even if blasting is necessary, to provide full‑depth and
full‑size holes.  The bottoms of all posts shall be cut off square.  The
diameter of the holes shall be at least 6 inches (150 mm) larger than
the diameter of the posts.  When cleats are used on posts, the holes
shall be dug large enough to accommodate them.  After posts are placed
and lined, the holes shall be backfilled with suitable material that
shall be properly compacted by the use of tampers.  The posts adjacent
to end, corner, anchor, and gate posts shall be set and braced with
braces and wire, as shown on the plans.  No extra compensation shall be
made for rock excavation.  Rock excavation shall not be grounds for
extension of time.

**160-3.4 ANCHORING.**  Corner, end, gate, and adjacent intermediate
posts shall be anchored, by gaining and spiking cleats to the sides of
the posts, as indicated on the plans.  No cleats will be required on
other intermediate posts or on anchor posts.

**160-3.5 BRACING.**  End, corner, anchor, and gate posts shall be
braced by using a post of sufficient length or a piece of sawed lumber
of the proper size, together with a wire cable.  The wooden brace shall
be gained and securely spiked into the end, corner, anchor, or gate
posts and into the next intermediate posts about 6 inches (150 mm) from
the top of the respective posts.  A cable made of a double strand of
galvanized soft wire shall be looped around the end, corner, anchor, or
gate post near the ground and around the next intermediate post about 12
inches (300 mm) from the top.  After the cable has been stapled in this
position, it shall be twisted until tight.  The staples used to hold the
cable shall be not less than 1‑1/2 inches (37 mm) long.  The tool used
for twisting the cable shall be left in placed to permit later
adjustment of bracing if found necessary.  Anchor posts shall be set at
approximately 500‑foot (150 m) intervals and braced to the adjacent
posts.  Posts shall be braced before the wire fencing is placed.

**160-3.6 INSTALLING WIRE.**  The wires shall be placed on the side of
the posts away from the airport or as directed.  The wire fence shall be
placed on the posts at the height indicated on the plans.  Longitudinal
wires shall be installed parallel and drawn uniformly taut.  The
vertical stay wires of the woven wire fencing shall be straight and
vertical.  At end and gate posts the woven wire and barbed wire shall be
wrapped once around the post; each longitudinal wire shall be stapled at
least three times and the ends of these wires shall be tied with a snug,
tight twist.  Each longitudinal wire shall be stapled to each
intermediate post with one steel wire staple; at the corner and anchor
posts, two or more stapled shall be used.  The top strand of barbed wire
of all fences shall be stapled with two staples in each post.  All
staples shall be set diagonally with the grain of the wood and driven up
tight.  After the fence has been erected, the tops of the wood posts
shall be sawed off with a 1‑to‑3 pitch. The bottom wire of the wire
fencing shall clear the ground by not more than 4 inches (100 mm) or
less than 1 inch (25 mm) at any place.

**160-3.7 SPLICING WIRE.**  Wire splices in longitudinal wires will be
permitted if made with an approved galvanized bolt‑clamp splice or a
wire splice made as follows:  The end of the wires shall be carried 3
inches (75 mm) past the splice tool and wrapped around the other wire
away from the tool for at least six turns in opposite directions.  After
the tool is removed, the space occupied by it shall be closed by pulling
the ends together.  The unused ends of the wires shall be cut close to
make a neat, workmanlike job.  Woven wire shall be spliced only at
posts.

**160-3.8 INSTALLING GATES.**  The gates shall be hung on gate fittings,
as shown on the plans.  Fittings on the gate posts shall be clamped,
screwed, or bolted to prevent slipping.  Gates shall be so erected as to
swing in the direction indicated and shall be provided with gate stops,
as specified or as shown on the plans.  Gates shall be erected locations
shown on the plans.

**160-3.9 EXISTING FENCE CONNECTIONS.**  Wherever the new fence joins an
existing fence, either at a corner or at the intersection of straight
fence lines, a corner or anchor post shall be set at the junction and
braced and anchored the same as herein described for corner posts.

If the connection is made at other than the corner of the new fence, the
last span of the old fence shall contain a brace span.

**160-3.10 CLEANING UP.**  The Contractor shall remove from the vicinity
of the completed work all tools, buildings, equipment, etc., used during
construction.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**160-4.1**  Fences, Class A (Wood Posts) or Class B (Wood Posts), shall
be measured in place from outside to outside of end posts or corner
posts and shall be the length of fence actually constructed, except for
the space occupied by the gates.

Driveway gates and walkway gates shall be measured in units for each
gate installed and accepted.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**160-5.1**  Payment will be made at the contract unit price per linear
foot (meter) for Class A or Class B wire fence.  This price shall be
full compensation for furnishing all materials and for preparation,
erection, and installation of these materials, and for all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made at the contract unit price per each for driveway or
for walkway gates.  This price shall be full compensation for furnishing
all materials and for all preparation, erection, and installation of
these materials and for all labor, equipment, tools, and necessary
incidentals to complete the item.

Payment will be made under:

Item F‑160‑5.1 Fence, Class A---per linear foot (meter)

Item F‑160‑5.2 Fence, Class B---per linear foot (meter)

Item F‑160‑5.3 Driveway Gates---per each

Item F‑160‑5.4 Walkway Gates---per each

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

ASTM A 121 Standard Specification for Zinc Coated (Galvanized) Steel
Barbed Wire

FED SPEC Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal

RR-F-191/Gen

AWPA Specification No. 4 for Grade I Creosote

**END OF ITEM F-160**

**Intentionally Left Blank**

### **ITEM F-161 WIRE FENCE WITH STEEL POSTS (Classes C and D Fences)**

DESCRIPTION

**161-1.1**  This item covers the requirements for furnishing materials
and constructing new wire fences and gates with steel posts in
accordance with the details included herein and as shown on the plans. 
The class of fence to be erected shall be either Class C, woven wire
fencing surmounted by two strands of barbed wire, or Class D, four
strands of barbed wire, as indicated on the plans and in the bid
proposal.

MATERIALS

**161-2.1 WIRE.**

**a. Woven Wire (Zinc-coated).**  The woven wire fencing shall be 7‑bar,
26‑inch (66 cm) field fence with top and bottom wires No. 10 gauge, and
filler and stay wires No. 12 1/2 gauge.  Stay wires shall be spaced 6
inches (150 mm) apart.  All wire shall be smooth galvanized steel wire
conforming to ASTM A 121, Type B.  All wires shall be two‑dip and spaced
as shown on the plans.

**b. Barbed Wire (Zinc-coated).**  Zinc‑coated barbed wire shall be
2‑strand twisted No. 12 1/2 gauge galvanized steel wire with 4‑point
barbs of No. 14 gauge galvanized steel wire.  All wire shall conform to
ASTM A 121, Type A.  The barbs shall be spaced approximately 4 inches
(100 mm) apart.

**c. Barbed Wire (Copper-covered).**  Copper‑covered steel barbed wire
shall conform to ASTM A 121, Type A.

**d. Barbed Wire (Aluminum-coated).**  Aluminum‑coated steel barbed wire
shall be 2‑strand twisted No. 12 1/2 gauge.  The 4‑point barbs of No. 14
gauge aluminum‑coated steel wire shall be spaced approximately 5 inches
(125 mm) apart.  The steel wire shall have a tensile strength of between
60,000 and 80,000 pounds per square inch (413 400 and 551 200 kPa) and
the aluminum coating shall have a minimum weight of .30 ounce per square
foot (0.07 kilogram per square meters) of wire surface on the No. 12 1/2
gauge line wire and .25 ounce per square foot (0.06 kg/square meter) of
wire surface on the No. 14 gauge barbs.

**e. Bracing Wire (Zinc-coated).**  Wire used for cable for bracing
shall be No. 9 smooth galvanized soft wire.

**161-2.2 FENCE POSTS, GATES, RAILS, BRACES, AND ACCESSORIES.**  These
items, when specified, shall conform to the requirements of Fed. Spec.
RR‑F‑191 and shall be zinc‑coated.

**161-2.3 CONCRETE.**  Concrete shall be of a commercial grade with a
minimum 28‑day compressive strength of 2500 psi.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**161-3.1 GENERAL.**  The fence shall be constructed in accordance with
the details on the plans and as specified herein using new materials,
and all work shall be performed in a workmanlike manner satisfactory to
the Engineer.  Prior to the beginning of the work or upon the request of
the Contractor, the Engineer shall locate the position of the work by
establishing and marking the property line or fence line.  When
directed, the Contractor shall span the opening below the fence with
barbed wire fastened to stakes of the required length at locations of
small natural or drainage ditches where it is not practical to conform
the fence to the general contour of the ground surface.  The new fence
shall be permanently tied to the terminals of existing fences whenever
required by the Engineer.  The finished fence shall be plumb, taut, true
to line and ground contour, and complete in every detail.  When
directed, the Contractor shall stake down the woven wire fence at
several points between posts.

When directed, in order to keep stock on adjoining property enclosed at
all times, the Contractor shall arrange the work so that construction of
the new fence will immediately follow the removal of existing fences. 
The length of unfenced section at any time shall not exceed 300 feet (90
m) or such length that the stock can be kept in the proper field.  The
work shall progress in this manner and at the close of the working day
the newly constructed fence shall be tied to the existing fence.  Any
openings in the fence shall be guarded when stock is using the adjoining
property.

**161-3.2 CLEARING FENCE LINE.**  The site of the fence shall be
sufficiently cleared of obstructions, and surface irregularities shall
be graded so that the fence will conform to the general contour of the
ground.  The fence line shall be cleared to a minimum width of 2 feet
(60 cm) on each side of the centerline of the fence.  This clearing
shall consist of the removal of all stumps, brush, rocks, trees, or
other obstructions that will interfere with proper construction of the
fence.  Stumps within the cleared area of the fence shall be placed a
uniform distance above ground, as specified in the plans.  When shown on
the plans or as directed by the Engineer, the existing fences which
coincide with, or are in a position to interfere with, the new fence
location shall be removed by the Contractor as a part of the
construction work unless such removal is listed as a separate item in
the bid schedule.  All holes remaining after post and stump removal
shall be refilled with suitable soil, gravel, or other material
acceptable to the Engineer and shall be compacted properly with tampers.

The work shall include the handling and disposal of all material
cleared, excavated or removed, regardless of the type, character,
composition, or condition of such material encountered.

**161-3.3 INSTALLING POSTS.**  All posts shall be spaced as shown on the
plans.  Corner, brace, anchor, end, and gate posts shall be set in
concrete bases as shown on the plans.  The top of the base shall be
slightly above the ground surface, trowel finished, and sloped to
drain.  Holes of full depth and size for the concrete bases for posts
shall be provided even if blasting of rock or other obstructions is
necessary.  All line posts may be either driven or set in dug holes to a
penetration of 3 feet (90 cm).  All post setting shall be done carefully
and to true alignment.  Dirt removed for placing posts, anchor bars,
flanges, etc., shall be replaced, tamped, and leveled.  When posts are
driven, care shall be exercised to prevent marring or buckling of the
posts.  Damaged posts shall be replaced at the Contractor\'s expense. 
No extra compensation will be made for rock excavation.  Rock excavation
shall not be grounds for extension of time.

**161-3.4 BRACING.**  All corner, anchor, end, and gate posts shall be
braced as shown on the plans.  Anchor posts shall be set at
approximately 500‑foot (150 meters) intervals and braced to the adjacent
posts.

**161-3.5 INSTALLING WIRE.**  All barbed wire and woven wire shall be
placed on the side of the post away from the airport, or as directed, at
the height indicated on the plans.  The woven wire shall be carefully
stretched and hung without sag and with true alignment.  Care shall be
taken not to stretch the wire so tightly that it will break in cold
weather or pull up corner and brace posts.  All horizontal wires shall
be fastened securely to each post by fasteners or clips designed for use
with the posts furnished.  The woven wire shall be wrapped around end,
corner, and gate posts, and the ends of all horizontal wires shall be
tied with snug, tight twists.  The wire shall be secured to prevent
slipping up and down the post.  Barbed wire strands shall be stretched
and each strand secured to each post to prevent slipping out of line or
becoming loose.  At end, corner, and gate posts the barbed wire shall be
securely wrapped and anchored once about the post from outside and
secured against slipping by tying the ends with snug, tight twists. 
However, on spans of less than 100 feet (30 m) both ends of the span
need not be wrapped around the posts.  The bottom wire of the woven wire
fencing shall clear the ground by not more than 4 inches (100 mm) or
less than 1 inch (25 mm) at any place.

**161-3.6 SPLICING WIRE.**  Splices in barbed and woven wire will be
permitted if made with an approved galvanized bolt‑clamp splice or a
wire splice made as follows:  The ends of each wire shall be carried 3
inches (75 mm) past the splice tool and wrapped around the other wire
for at least six turns in opposite directions.  After the tool is
removed, the space occupied by it shall be closed by pulling the ends
together.  The unused ends of the wire shall be cut close to make a
neat, workmanlike job.

**161-3.7 INSTALLING GATES.**  The gates shall be hung on gate fittings
as shown on the plans.  They shall be attached in such a manner that the
gate cannot be lifted off the hinges.  Gates shall be erected to swing
in the direction indicated and shall be provided with gate stops, as
specified or as shown on the plans.  Gates shall be erected at locations
shown on the plans.

**161-3.8 EXISTING FENCE CONNECTIONS.**  Wherever the new fence joins an
existing fence, either at a corner or at the intersection of straight
fence lines, a corner or anchor post shall be set at the junction and
braced and anchored the same as herein described for corner posts.

If the connection is made at other than the corner of the new fence, the
last span of the old fence shall contain a brace span.

**161-3.9 CLEANING UP.**  The Contractor shall remove from the vicinity
of the completed work all tools, buildings, equipment, etc., used during
construction.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**161-4.1**  Fences, Class C (Steel Posts), or Class D (Steel Posts),
shall be measured in place from outside to outside of end posts or
corner posts and shall be the length of fence actually constructed,
except for the space occupied by the gates.

Driveway gates and walkway gates shall be measured in units for each
gate installed and accepted.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**161-5.1**  Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per linear
foot (meter) for Class C or Class D wire fence.  This price shall be
full compensation for furnishing all materials and for all preparation,
erection, and installation of these materials, and for all labor,
equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made at the contract unit price per each for driveway or
for walkway gates.  This price shall be full compensation for furnishing
all materials and for all preparation, erection, and installation of
these materials, and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals
necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made under:

Item F‑161‑5.1 Fence, Class C---per linear foot (meter)

Item F‑161‑5.2 Fence, Class D---per linear foot (meter)

Item F‑161‑5.3 Driveway Gates---per each

Item F‑161‑5.4 Walkway Gates---per each

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

ASTM A 121 Standard Specification for Zinc Coated (Galvanized) Steel
Barbed Wire

FED SPEC Fencing, Wire, and Post, Metal

RR-F-191/Gen

**END OF ITEM F-161**

**Intentionally Left Blank**

### ITEM F-162 CHAIN-LINK FENCES

DESCRIPTION

**162-1.1** This item shall consist of furnishing and erecting a
chain‑link fence in accordance with these specifications and the details
shown on the plans and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on
the plans or established by the Engineer.

MATERIALS

**162-2.1 FABRIC**. **\[The fabric shall be woven with a 9‑gauge
\[galvanized steel wire\] \[polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‑coated steel\]
\[aluminum alloy\] \[zinc-5% aluminum mischmetal\] wire in a 2‑inch (50
mm) mesh and shall meet the requirements of \[ \].\]** **\[The fabric
shall be woven from a \[ \] gauge aluminum-coated steel wire in a 2-inch
(50 mm) mesh and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 491.\]**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **Galvanized steel fabric shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A
> 392, Class 2.**
>
> **Polyvinyl chloride‑coated steel shall conform to the requirements of
> ASTM F 668, Class 2b.**
>
> **Aluminum alloy fabric shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F
> 1183.**
>
> **Zinc-5% aluminum mischmetal alloy coated steel shall conform to the
> requirements of ASTM F 1345, Class 2.**
>
> **The Engineer shall specify 9 or 10 gauge aluminum-coated wire.**
>
> **Metallic-coated fabric shall have a clear acrylic coating applied to
> the selvage area after weaving.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**162‑2.2  BARBED WIRE.**  Barbed wire shall be 2‑strand 12‑1/2 gauge
**\[zinc‑coated\] \[aluminum‑coated\]** wire with 4‑point barbs and
shall conform to the requirements of **\[ \]**.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **Zinc‑coated barbed wire shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A
> 121, Class 3, Chain Link Fence Grade.**
>
> **Aluminum‑coated barbed wire shall conform to the requirements of
> ASTM A 121, Class II.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**162‑2.3  POSTS, RAILS AND BRACES.**  Line posts, rails, and braces
shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F-1043 or ASTM F 1083 as
follows:

\[Galvanized tubular steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of
Group IA, (Schedule 40) coatings conforming to Type A, or Group IC (
High Strength Pipe), External coating Type B, and internal coating Type
B or D.\]

\[Roll Formed Steel Shapes ( C-Sections) shall conform to the
requirements of Group IIA, and be galvanized in accordance with the
requirements of F 1043, Type A.\]

\[Hot-Rolled Shapes ( H Beams) shall meet the requirements of Group III,
and be galvanized in accordance with the requirements of F 1043, Type
A.\]

\[Aluminum Pipe shall conform to the requirements of Group IB.\]

\[Aluminum Shapes shall conform to the requirements of Group IIB.\]

\[Vinyl or polyester coated steel shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM F 1043, Paragraph 7.3 Optional Supplemental Color Coating.\]

\[Composite posts shall conform to the strength requirements of ASTM F
1043 or ASTM F 1083. The strength loss of composite posts shall not
exceed 10 percent when subjected to 3,600 hours of exposure to light and
water in accordance with ASTM G 23, ASTM G 26, and ASTM G-53.\]

Posts, rails, and braces furnished for use in conjunction with aluminum
alloy fabric shall be aluminum alloy or composite.

Posts, rails, and braces, with the exception of galvanized steel
conforming to F 1043 or ASTM F 1083, Group 1A, Type A, or aluminum
alloy, shall demonstrate the ability to withstand testing in salt spray
in accordance with ASTM B 117 as follows:

External: 1,000 hours with a maximum of 5% red rust.

Internal: 650 hours with a maximum of 5% red rust.

The dimensions of the posts, rails, and braces shall be in accordance
with Tables I through VI of Fed. Spec. RR‑F‑191/3.

**162-2.4 GATES.**  Gate frames shall consist of **\[galvanized steel
pipe\] \[polymer‑coated steel pipe\] \[aluminum alloy pipe\]**
**\[composite posts\]** and shall conform to the specifications for the
same material under paragraph 162‑2.3.  The fabric shall be of the same
type material as used in the fence.

**162-2.5 WIRE TIES AND TENSION WIRES.**  Wire ties for use in
conjunction with a given type of fabric shall be of the same material
and coating weight identified with the fabric type. Tension wire shall
be 7‑gauge marcelled steel wire with the same coating as the fabric type
and shall conform to ASTM A 824.

All material shall conform to Fed. Spec. RR‑F‑191/4.

**162-6 MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS AND HARDWARE.**  Miscellaneous steel
fittings and hardware for use with **\[zinc‑coated\] \[aluminum‑coated\]
\[zinc-5% aluminum-mischmetal alloy-coated\]** steel fabric shall be of
commercial grade steel or better quality, wrought or cast as appropriate
to the article, and sufficient in strength to provide a balanced design
when used in conjunction with fabric posts, and wires of the quality
specified herein. **\[All steel fittings and hardware shall be protected
with a zinc coating applied in conformance with ASTM A 153.\]
\[Miscellaneous aluminum fittings for use with aluminum alloy fabric
shall be wrought or cast aluminum alloy.\]**  Barbed wire support arms
shall withstand a load of 250 pounds (113 kg) applied vertically to the
outermost end of the arm.

**162-2.7 CONCRETE.**  Concrete shall be of a commercial grade with a
minimum 28‑day compressive strength of 2500 psi (17 240 kPa).

**162-2.8 MARKING.**  Each roll of fabric shall carry a tag showing the
kind of base metal (steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy number), kind of
coating, the gauge of the wire, the length of fencing in the roll, and
the name of the manufacturer.  Posts, wire, and other fittings shall be
identified as to manufacturer, kind of base metal (steel, aluminum, or
aluminum alloy number), and kind of coating.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**162-3.1 CLEARING FENCE LINE.**  All trees, brush, stumps, logs, and
other debris which would interfere with the proper construction of the
fence in the required location shall be removed a minimum width of 2
feet (61 cm) on each side of the fence centerline before starting
fencing operations.  The cost of removing and disposing of the material
shall not constitute a pay item and shall be considered incidental to
fence construction.

**162-3.2 INSTALLING POSTS.**  All posts shall be set in concrete at the
required dimension and depth and at the spacing shown on the plans.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **Posts should be spaced not more than 10 feet (3 m) apart and should
> be set a minimum of 36 inches (90 cm) in concrete footings.  If the
> frost depth is greater than 36 inches (90 cm), the posts should be set
> accordingly.  The posts holes shall be in proper alignment so that
> there is a minimum of 3 inches (75 mm) of concrete on all sides of the
> posts.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

The concrete shall be thoroughly compacted around the posts by tamping
or vibrating and shall have a smooth finish slightly higher than the
ground and sloped to drain away from the posts.  All posts shall be set
plumb and to the required grade and alignment.  No materials shall be
installed on the posts, nor shall the posts be disturbed in any manner
within 7 days after the individual post footing is completed.

Should rock be encountered at a depth less than the planned footing
depth, a hole 2 inches (50 mm) larger than the greatest dimension of the
posts shall be drilled to a depth of 12 inches (300 mm).  After the
posts are set, the remainder of the drilled hole shall be filled with
grout, composed of one part Portland cement and two parts mortar sand. 
Any remaining space above the rock shall be filled with concrete in the
manner described above.

In lieu of drilling, the rock may be excavated to the required footing
depth.  No extra compensation shall be made for rock excavation.

**162-3.3 INSTALLING TOP RAILS.**  The top rail shall be continuous and
shall pass through the post tops.  The coupling used to join the top
rail lengths shall allow for expansion.

**162-3.4 INSTALLING BRACES.**  Horizontal brace rails, with diagonal
truss rods and turnbuckles, shall be installed at all terminal posts.

**162-3.5 INSTALLING FABRIC.**  The wire fabric shall be firmly attached
to the posts and braced in the manner shown on the plans.  All wire
shall be stretched taut and shall be installed to the required
elevations.  The fence shall generally follow the contour of the ground,
with the bottom of the fence fabric no less than 1 inch (25 mm) or more
than 4 inches (100 mm) from the ground surface.  Grading shall be
performed where necessary to provide a neat appearance.

At locations of small natural swales or drainage ditches and where it is
not practical to have the fence conform to the general contour of the
ground surface, longer posts may be used and multiple strands of barbed
wire stretched thereon to span the opening below the fence.  The
vertical clearance between strands of barbed wire shall be 6 inches (150
mm) or less.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **Openings below the fence may also be spanned with barbed wire
> fastened to stakes.**
>
> **The Engineer shall specify if tension wire is to be installed.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**162‑3.6  ELECTRICAL GROUNDS.**  Electrical grounds shall be
constructed **\[where a power line passes over the fence\] \[at 500‑foot
(150 m) intervals\]**.  **\[The ground shall be installed directly below
the point of crossing.\] ** The ground shall be accomplished with a
copper clad rod 8 feet (240 cm) long and a minimum of 5/8 inch (15 mm)
in diameter driven vertically until the top is 6 inches (150 mm) below
the ground surface.  A No. 6 solid copper conductor shall be clamped to
the rod and to the fence in such a manner that each element of the fence
is grounded.  Installation of ground rods shall not constitute a pay
item and shall be considered incidental to fence construction.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The Engineer shall indicate the location of all electrical grounds
> on the plans. Grounding may not be necessary with the use of composite
> posts.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**162‑4.1**   Chain‑link fence will be measured for payment by the
linear foot (meter).  Measurement will be along the top of the fence
from center to center of end posts, excluding the length occupied by
gate openings.

Gates will be measured as complete units.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**162-5.1**  Payment for chain‑link fence will be made at the contract
unit price per linear foot (meter).

Payment for driveway or walkway gates will be made at the contract unit
price for each gate.

The price shall be full compensation for furnishing all materials, and
for all preparation, erection, and installation of these materials, and
for all labor equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete
the item.

Payment will be made under:

> Item F‑162‑5.1 Chain‑Link Fence---per linear foot (meter)
>
> Item F‑162‑5.2 Driveway Gates---per each
>
> Item F‑162‑5.3 Walkway Gates---per each

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

> ASTM A 121 Zinc‑Coated (Galvanized) Steel Barbed Wire
>
> ASTM A 123 Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel
> Products
>
> ASTM A 153 Zinc Coating (Hot‑Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
>
> ASTM A 392 Zinc‑Coated Steel Chain‑Link Fence Fabric
>
> ASTM A 491 Aluminum‑Coated Steel Chain‑Link Fence Fabric
>
> ASTM A 572 High‑Strength Low‑Alloy Columbium‑Vanadium Steels of
> Structural Steel Quality
>
> ASTM A 653 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or
> Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
>
> ASTM A 824 Metallic-Coated Steel Marcelled Tension Wire for Use With
> Chain Link Fence
>
> ASTM A 1011 Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
> High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
> Formability
>
> ASTM B 117 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
>
> ASTM B 221 Aluminum and Aluminum‑Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire
> Shapes and Tubes
>
> ASTM B 429 Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe and Tube
>
> ASTM F 668 Poly(vinyl Chloride)(PVC) and other Organic Polymer-Coated
> Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
>
> ASTM F 1043 Strength and Protective Coatings on Metal Industrial Chain
> Link Fence Framework
>
> ASTM F 1083 Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-coated (galvanized) Welded,
> for Fence Structures
>
> ASTM F 1183 Aluminum Alloy Chain Link Fence Fabric
>
> ASTM F 1345 Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Steel Chain Link
> Fence Fabric
>
> ASTM G 152 Operating Open Flame (Carbon-Arc) Light Apparatus for
> Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
>
> ASTM G 153 Operating Enclosed Carbon-Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure
> of Nonmetallic Materials
>
> ASTM G 154 Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of
> Nonmetallic Materials
>
> ASTM G 155 Operating (Xenon- Arc) Light Apparatus for Exposure of
> Nonmetallic Materials
>
> FED SPEC Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Posts, Top
> Rails and Braces)
>
> RR‑F‑191/3
>
> FED SPEC Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Accessories)
>
> RR‑F‑191/4

END OF ITEM F-162

**Intentionally Left Blank**

### ITEM F-163 WILDLIFE DETERRENT FENCE

DESCRIPTION

**163-1.1** This item shall consist of furnishing and installing
chain-link fence fabric underground along an existing chain link fence,
constructing concrete pads at existing fence gates in accordance with
these specifications and the details shown on the drawings and in
conformity with the lines and grades shown on the plans or established
by the Engineer.

MATERIALS

**163-2.1 CHAIN LINK FENCE FABRIC.** The fabric shall be woven with a
9-gauge galvanized steel wire in a 2-inch (50 mm) mesh and shall meet
the requirements of ASTM A 392, Class II. The fabric shall be 5\'-0\"
wide.

**163-2.2 BARBED WIRE.** Barbed wire shall be 2-strand 12-1/2 gauge
zinc-coated wire with 4-point barbs and shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM A 121, Class 3.

**163-2.3 WIRE TIES AND TENSION WIRES.** Wire fabric ties, wire ties,
and tension wire for use in conjunction with a given type of fabric
shall be of the same material identified with the fabric type. The
tension wire shall be 7-gauge coiled spring wire coated similarly to the
respective wire fabric being used.

Wire fabric ties shall be hog rings of galvanized steel wire not less
than 9-gauge.

All material shall conform to Fed. Spec. RR-F-191/4.

**163-2.4 MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS AND HARDWARE.** Miscellaneous steel
fittings and hardware for use with zinc-coated steel fabric shall be of
commercial grade steel or better quality, wrought or cast as appropriate
to the article, and sufficient in strength to provide a balanced design
when used in conjunction with fabric posts, and wires of the quality
specified herein. All steel fittings and hardware shall be protected
with a zinc coating applied in conformance with ASTM A 153.

**163-2.5 CONCRETE PADS AT GATES.** Concrete shall be of a commercial
grade with a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi.

**163-2.6 MARKING.** Each roll of fabric shall carry a tag showing the
kind of base metal, kind of coating, the gauge of the wire, the length
of fencing in the roll, and the name of the manufacturer. Posts, wire,
and other fittings shall be identified as to manufacturer, kind of base
metal, and kind of coating.

**163-2.7 WEED CONTROL MATERIAL.** A commercially available weed control
material shall be applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**163-3.1 CLEARING FENCE LINE.** All brush, stumps, logs, and other
debris which would interfere with the proper construction of the fence
in the required location shall be removed a minimum width of 4 feet on
the side of the fence centerline before starting fencing operations. The
material removed and disposed of shall not constitute a pay item and
shall be considered incidental to fence construction.

**163-3.2 INSTALLING FABRIC.** Excavate ground to the depth required for
proper installation of the fabric. Obtain Engineer's approval of depth
of excavation before placing the wire fabric. Place the fabric and lap
splice it to existing fence fabric and tie with wire ties at 2 foot 0
inch spacing. Cut wire fabric around fence post footing to allow proper
placement. Backfill with native soil to original grade. Compact all
backfill and fill to attain 90% of AASHTO T-180.

**163-3.3 WEED CONTROL APPLICATION.** Weed control material shall be
applied over an area 3 feet wide, measured from the fence centerline,
and over the wildlife fence. Apply weed control material as recommended
by the manufacturer's instructions and in compliance with state and
local regulations.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**163-4.1 CHAIN LINK FENCE FABRIC.** Chain-link fence fabric shall be
measured for payment by the linear foot to the nearest foot. Measurement
shall be along the fence from center to center of end or corner posts,
excluding the length occupied by gate openings.

**163-4.2 CONCRETE PADS AT GATES.** Concrete pads at gates shall be
measured by the unit.

**163-4.3 BORROW FILL MATERIAL.** Borrow material for fill will be
furnished by the Contractor. This shall be measured by the cubic yard in
place.

**163-4.4 WEED CONTROL APPLICATION.** Shall be measured by the linear
foot.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**163-5.1 CHAIN LINK FENCE FABRIC.** Payment for chain-link fence fabric
shall be made at the contract unit price per linear foot. This price
shall be full compensation for furnishing materials, all labor
(including preparation, excavation, backfill, fill, and installation),
equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete this item.
Utility locates shall be included in this pay item.

**163-5.2 CONCRETE PADS AT GATES.** Payment for concrete pads at gates
shall be made at the contract unit price for each pad. This price shall
be full compensation for furnishing materials, all labor (including
preparation, excavation, backfill, placement of concrete, reinforcing
steel, and forms), equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to
complete this item.

**163-5.3 BORROW FILL MATERIAL.** Payment for the loading, transporting,
and placing of borrow material shall be made at the contract unit price
per cubic yard. This price shall be full compensation for furnishing all
labor (including placement, compaction, and grading), equipment, tools,
and incidentals necessary to complete this item.

**163-5.4 WEED CONTROL APPLICATION.** Payment for weed control
application shall be made at the contract unit price per linear foot.
This price shall be full compensation for furnishing materials, all
labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete this
item.

**163-5.5 EXAMPLES OF DETAILS.** The following drawings are examples of
details for a WILDLIFE DETERRENT FENCE. The fence type and dimensions
shown will vary according to specific project design requirements.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The Engineer should delete paragraph 163-5.5 STANDARD DETAILS and
> the example drawings and incorporate appropriate/applicable design
> details on the project plans.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="6.488888888888889in"
height="8.134722222222223in"}

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="5.231944444444444in"
height="8.996527777777779in"}

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

> ASTM A 121 Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Barbed Wire
>
> ASTM A 123 Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
>
> ASTM A 153 Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A 392 Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric

> ASTM A 572 High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
>
> ASTM A 1011 Steel, Sheet and Strip Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural,
> High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
> Formability
>
> ASTM F 1043 Strength and Protective Coatings on Metal Industrial Chain
> Link Fence Framework
>
> ASTM F 1083 Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-coated (galvanized) Welded,
> for Fence Structures
>
> AASHTO T-180 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg
> (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in) Drop
>
> FED SPEC
>
> RR-F-191/3 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Posts, Top
> Rails and Braces)
>
> FED SPEC
>
> RR-F-191/4 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence
> Accessories)

**END OF ITEM F-163**

**Intentionally Left Blank**