**1-Bromobutane**

(**CAS No. 109-65-9**)

**TEST PLAN**

###### Submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency

###### By

**Chemtura Corporation**

DATE: June 2, 2006

**[SUMMARY]{.underline}**

Chemtura Corporation has sponsored 1-Bromobutane (CAS No.109-65-9) under
the Extended High Production Volume (EHPV) Program. This document
provides the Test Plan and summaries of existing data for this
substance.

1.  **[INTRODUCTION]{.underline}**

Chemtura Corporation has voluntarily committed to participate in the
extended high production volume chemicals (EHPV) challenge program, to
assess the health and environmental effects, including selected physical
chemical characteristics of 1-Bromobutane (CAS No.109-65-9).

An evaluation of the available data and proposed test plan are included
in this document. Robust summaries are attached in Appendix 1.

The objective of this test plan is to evaluate the available data and
determine what additional data, if any, are needed to adequately
characterize the physical properties, environmental fate, and human
health and environmental hazards of 1-bromobutane. It is proposed that
additional studies be conducted as shown in Table 1.

**Table 1: Proposed Testing for 1-Bromobutane; CAS No. 109-65-9**

+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| **Endpoint**                       | **Data**                        |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Physical Chemical Properties       |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term                | A                               |
| Melting Point                      |                                 |
| :::                                |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term                | A                               |
| Vapor Pressure                     |                                 |
| :::                                |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term                | A                               |
| Boiling Point                      |                                 |
| :::                                |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term                | A                               |
| Partition Coefficient              |                                 |
| :::                                |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term                | A                               |
| Water Solubility                   |                                 |
| :::                                |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Environmental Fate                 |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Hydrolysis                         | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Photodegradation                   | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Biodegradation                     | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Environmental Transport            | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Ecotoxicity                        |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Acute Fish                         | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Acute Daphnia                      | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Acute Algae                        | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Mammalian toxicity                 |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Acute Oral                         | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Acute Inhalation                   | A                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Repeated Dose                      | T                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Genotoxicity (*in vitro*           | A                               |
| -bacteria)                         |                                 |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Genotoxicity (*mammalian*)         | T                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Reproductive/Developmental         | T                               |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------+

> A= Adequate data

Test = Testing proposed

2.  **[POTENTIAL USE AND EXPOSURE]{.underline}**

The chemical is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate; it is used to
form bromide salts of quats that are than used as phase transfer
catalysts and zeolite catalysts; and it is used in the colorformer
industry (used in heat sensitive applications such as thermal dyes and
barcoding). []{.mark}

[]{.mark}

**3.0 [EVALUATION OF EXISTING DATA AND PROPOSED TESTING]{.underline}**

The available data have been assessed (see Tables 2 through 5). Robust
summaries are provided in Appendix 1.

####### Chemical/Physical Properties:

The melting point of 1-bromobutane is approximately -112 ^o^C (Grasselli
and Ritchey, 1975; The Merck Index, 1989; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). The
boiling point is approximately 101 ^o^C at 1013 hPa (Grasselli and
Ritchey, 1975; The Merck Index, 1989; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). The
vapor pressure is approximately 55 hPa at 25 ^o^C (Driesbach, 1961;
Daubert and Danner, 1989; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006; Handbook of Chemical
Compound Data for Process Safety). The calculated partition coefficient
is 2.71 -- 2.75 (Leo, 1978; Hansch, et al., 1995; BiblioLine(c),
1997-2006; CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th Edition). The
water solubility of 1-bromobutane is 868.7 mg/L at 25 ^o^C (Yalkowsky
and Dannenfelser, 1992; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). The EPIWIN modeling
summary is provided in Appendix 2.

**Table 2: physical chemical properties for 1-BROMOBUTANE;**

**CAS No. 109-65-9**

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Endpoint**              | **Result**                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term       | -112 -- -112.4 ^o^C                      |
| Melting Point             |                                          |
| :::                       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term       | 55.02 -- 55.99 hPa at 25 ^o^C            |
| Vapor Pressure            |                                          |
| :::                       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term       | 101.3 -- 101.6 ^o^C                      |
| Boiling Point             |                                          |
| :::                       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term       | 2.75                                     |
| Partition Coefficient     |                                          |
| :::                       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ::: Definition-Term       | 868.7 mg/L at 25 ^o^C                    |
| Water Solubility          |                                          |
| :::                       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**Recommendation**: No additional testing is proposed.

####### Environmental Fate:

EPIWIN was used to predict photodegradation half-life and the
environmental distribution of 1-bromobutane (see Appendix 2 for EPIWIN
summary). Level III fugacity modeling indicates distribution to water
will predominate (EPI SUMMARY (v3.11), 2006). For the photodegradation
of 1-bromobutane the overall OH rate constant has been calculated to be
2.17 E-12 cm^3^/molecule-sec and the predicted half-life is 7.41 days
(Meylan and Howard, 1993; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). This is in
agreement with the results of EPIWIN modeling (overall OH rate constant
= 2.17 E-12 cm^3^/molecule-sec and the predicted half-life is 4.938
days). The hydrolysis of 1-bromobutane has been calculated to range from
20-40 days (Macalady and Schwarzenbach, 1993; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006)
and longer. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important removal
mechanism for this material. No biodegradation data are available for
1-bromobutane, however modeling data suggest ready biodegradability of
this material (BIOWIN v4.01).

**Table 3: Environmental Fate Data for 1-BROMOBUTANE;**

**CAS No. 109-65-9**

+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| **Endpoint**       | **Result**                                      |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Hydrolysis         | 20-40 days                                      |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Photodegradation   | Overall OH Rate Constant = 2.17 E-12            |
|                    | cm^3^/molecule-sec\                             |
|                    | Half-Life = 7.41 days                           |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Biodegradation     | Readily biodegradable                           |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Environmental      | Air 29.5\                                       |
| Transport          | Water 42.1\                                     |
|                    | Soil 28.1\                                      |
| (Level III         | Sediment 0.314                                  |
| Fugacity           |                                                 |
|                    |                                                 |
| modeling)          |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

**Recommendation**: No additional testing is proposed.

####### Aquatic Toxicity:

Acute aquatic toxicity data are available for fish for the sponsored
substance. The 96-hour LC50 to fish (*Pimephales promelas*) was 36.7
mg/L (Geiger, Call and Brooke, 1988; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). EPIWIN
was also used to predict acute aquatic toxicity for fish, daphnia and
green algae, and chronic aquatic toxicity for fish (see Appendix 2 for
EPIWIN summary).

**Table 4: Environmental EFFECTS DATA for 1-BROMOBUTANE;**

**CAS No. 109-65-9**

+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Endpoint**                 | **Result**                            |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| 96 hr LC50 Fish (mg/L)       | 36.7                                  |
|                              |                                       |
|                              | 24.867\*                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| 48 hr LC50 Daphnia (mg/L)    | 27.880\*                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| 96 hr EC50 Algae (mg/L)      | 18.094\*                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Chronic Fish (14 d LC50)     | 49.961\*                              |
| (mg/L)                       |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

\*EPIWIN calculation

**Recommendation:** No additional testing is proposed.

*[Acute Mammalian Toxicity:]{.underline}*

Acute oral and inhalation studies have been conducted. The acute oral
LD50 in rats is 2761 (males) to 3161 (females) mg/kg (Hazelton
Laboratories, 1979; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). The acute 4-hr LC50 in
rats is 36 mg/L (Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, 1977a); the acute
2-hr inhalation LC50 in rats is 47,000 mg/m^3^ (Bandman et al., 1990;
BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). In mice, the 2-hr LC50 is 25,000 mg/m^3^
(Bandman et al., 1990; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006). 1-Bromobutane was not
a sensitizer in a guinea pig skin sensitization test (Industrial
Bio-Test Laboratories, 1977b).

**Recommendation:** No additional testing is proposed.

[]{.mark}

*[Repeated Dose/ Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity:]{.underline}*

No repeated dose or reproductive/developmental toxicity studies have
been conducted with 1-bromobutane.

**Recommendation**: A combined repeat dose with developmental and
reproductive screen (OECD 422) by the dermal route is proposed to
fulfill a standard repeat dose toxicity endpoint as well as reproductive
toxicity and developmental effects.

*[Mutagenicity Assays:]{.underline}*

In vitro testing indicates that 1-bromobutane is mutagenic in the
*Salmonella typhimurium* mutagenesis assay both in the presence and
absence of exogenous metabolic activation (Simmon, Kauhanen and Tarfiff,
1977; BiblioLine(c), 1997-2006).

**Recommendation:** An *in vitro chromosome aberration assay (*OECD 473)
is proposed to fulfill this endpoint.

**Table 5: MammaLian Toxicity Data for 1-bromobutane; CAS No. 109-65-9**

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **Endpoint**            | **Result**                                 |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg) | 2761 (male rat)                            |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | 3161 (female rat)                          |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Acute Inhalation 4-hr   | 36 (rat)                                   |
| LC50 (mg/L)             |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Repeated Dose toxicity  | No data available                          |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Skin Sensitization      | Negative                                   |
| (guinea pig)            |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Genotoxicity (*in       | Positive                                   |
| vitro* -bacteria)       |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Genotoxicity            | No data available                          |
| (*mammalian*)           |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Rep                     | No data available                          |
| roductive/Developmental |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

##### REFERENCES

BiblioLine(c) 1997-2006, NISC International, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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EPI SUMMARY (v3.11) (2006)

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U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files, EPA Doc. No. 88- 920004087; Fiche No.
OTS0540435

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Meylan, W.M. and Howard, P.H. (1993) Environ Toxicol Chem 26: 2293-2299

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The Merck Index (1989) Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals.
Budavari, S. (Ed.) Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 238

Yalkowsky, S.H. and Dannenfelser, R.M. (1992) Aquasol Database of
Aqueous Solubility. Version 5

> APPENDIX 1
>
> ROBUST SUMMARIES

APPENDIX 2

EPIWIN RESULTS