**CIVIL GPS SERVICE INTERFACE COMMITTEE**

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SUBCOMMITTEE (CGSIC/IISC)

#### NATIONAL REPORT OF POLAND

### Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Janusz Sledzinski

**Country Point of Contact**

**Warsaw University of Technology**

**Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy**

**00-661 Warsaw, Pl. Politechniki 1**

**Voice: +48 22 622 8515; Fax: +48 22 621 0052**

**Handy (mobile): (0 48) 605 281 042**

**E-mail: <sledzinski@gik.pw.edu.pl>**

**Report presented to the 15th Anniversary Meeting**

**of the Civil GPS Service Interface Committee,**

**International Information Subcommittee**

**(CGSIC/IISC)**

**Salt Lake City, Utah, USA**

**9-11 September 2001**

#### 

#### 

#### NATIONAL REPORT OF POLAND

### Janusz Sledzinski

###### Country Point of Contact

## This Report was compiled from contributions reported lately by the correspondents from Polish institutions dealing with different use of satellite navigation systems.

## 

###### 1. ACTIVITIES OF THE POLISH MARITIME INSTITUTIONS

The correspondents from Western Pomerania (region of Szczecin) report:

The DGPS reference station maritime band (283-315 kHz) is routinely used
for sounding operations, dredging works and partially for improving
buoys positioning when they are removed for winter and installed again
for summer season. After cancellation of the S.A. signal degradation the
accuracy improves up to about 2 m, but sometimes - in cases of bad
propagation, presence of noises and other obstacles - the routine DGPS
gives DRMS accuracy only 2 or 3 times better with comparison to that
before cancellation of SA.

To improve the situation the aerial of the reference DGPS station
Dziwnów was changed. New antenna is used for transmitting the DGPS
corrections on maritime band, which frequency is 288 kHz MSK, AM
modulation. Aerial height is 30m over sea level. As a result the signal
strength and electromagnetic waves propagation stability over sea and
also over the land have been improved.. Now the new situation is under
checking and the results are expected in a few months time. Further
plans include studies on GPS-RTK techniques and improvement of the
practical accuracy up to centimetre level. The ultimate aim is to
improve charts quality, recognition of bottom surface and navigation
safety on Zatoka Pomorska and Zalew Szczeciński (Region of Szczecin).
This may also be usable to make easier the pilotage of large ships, when
they approach to Świnoujście harbour entrance. Similar plans we have in
case of FM short range reference stations on UHF and VHF. These stations
will be especially used by dredgers of the DRAGMOR Company, ad by the
Maritime Office for some special duties.

At the Gdynia Naval Academy there are continued tests on the application
of the Inverse DGPS Reference station for ship\'s manoeuvrability. The
other works concern validation of GPS receiver by means of GPS
simulator. This programme is focused on collecting the experience with
the aim to establish the certified laboratory for examination and
attestation of GPS receivers.

### 2. PERMANENT GPS STATIONS IN POLAND

Six permanent geodetic GPS stations are operating in Poland. They are:

-   Borowiec (managed by the Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of
    Sciences),

-   Borowa Gora (managed by the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography),

-   Gdansk (station established by the Warmia and Masury University
    Olsztyn),

-   Jozefoslaw (managed by the Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic
    Astronomy of the Warsaw University of Technology),

-   Lamkowko-Olsztyn (managed by the Warmia and Masury University
    Olsztyn),

-   Wroclaw (managed by the Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry of
    the Agriculture University Wroclaw).

Next permanent geodetic station will be soon established by the
University of Mining and Metallurgy, Faculty of Mining Surveying and
Environmental Engineering Cracow. Now the station is in a final stage of
installation.

Three Polish permanent stations are incorporated to the International
GPS Service IGS (Borowiec, Jozefoslaw, Lamkowko-Olsztyn). Five stations
are included to the EUREF permanent network EPN (Borowa Gora, Borowiec,
Jozefoslaw, Lamkowko-Olsztyn, Wroclaw).

Some stations maintain also other permanent services:

> Borowiec - SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) and time service,
>
> Borowa Gora - time service
>
> Jozefoslaw - gravimetric tidal monitoring, astrometric observations,
>
> TEC ionosphere variation,
>
> Lamkowko-Olsztyn - TEC ionosphere variation.

Two stations at the Baltic Sea coast (Rozewie and Dziwnow) are operating
permanently as maritime navigation stations.

1.  **UPDATED STATUS AND NEAR-TERM PLANS OF DEVELOPMENT**

**OF THE STATION BOROWA GORA**

Permanent GPS Station BOGO at Borowa Gora as a site of EUREF Network of
Permanent GPS Stations (Dom number 12207M002) has been operated since
1996. Data collection at the station is based on Ashtech Z-12 3 receiver
equipped with Ashtech Dorne Margolin choke ring antenna. GPS data
collected is regularly transferred in daily blocks to the Local Data
Centre in Graz. Since November 1998 at BOGO station the data collected
in the GPS receiver is automatically hourly downloaded to a PC in Borowa
Gora Observatory and transferred to the same Local Data Centre at the
University in Graz. GPS data provided by the BOGO station together with
data from other permanent GPS stations is used in international
programmes such as computation of precise ephemeris in „almost real
time" for GPS satellite orbits and investigations on ionosphere and
troposphere. In April 2001 BOGO permanent GPS station together with the
additional GPS-GLONASS Javad receiver with Ashtech Dorne Margolin choke
ring antenna installed at EUREF 0217 site participated in the IGS
international observational campaign designated to the research of
ionospheric impact on satellite navigation data. During the campaign
that lasted for 7 days of high rate solar activity, both GPS and GLONASS
data were collected with 1 s rate. Data collected at Borowa Gora was
delivered to the coordinator of the project, i.e. dr Joachim Feltens
representing the IGS Ionosphere Working Group.

Since April 1998 the same Ashtech Dorne Margolin GPS antenna is used by
a permanent DGPS station at Borowa Gora which is run by the Ashtech G-12
receiver. The RTCM 104 messages with DGPS corrections are transmitted
via a system consisting of a GSM cellular phone and a modem. Study on
the operational performance of DGPS correction distribution in terms of
the distance from the base station, visibility and accessibility of GPS
satellites and the strength of the GSM signal was conducted in the
framework of the project. The test network in the capital city Warsaw
and its region was designed and surveyed with static GPS. The positions
of the test network points as well as some points of POLREF network were
determined using DGPS-GSM system. The results of experiments conducted
indicate that the DGPS-GSM system with the base station at Borowa Gora
can be used as a DGPS system for Poland. No significant correlation
between the distance and DGPS surveying accuracy was found. The DGPS --
GSM system is very attractive as a surveying technique for GIS, LIS,
communal services, transport services, etc., due to short time required
to determine the 3D position with 1 m accuracy and simultaneously low
cost of position determination. This technique can be used, in
particular for updating maps even up to a scale of 1:1000.

The second permanent station BOG1 at Borowa Gora became operational in
June 2001. The station is equipped with GPS-GLONASS Javad receiver with
Ashtech Dorne Margolin choke ring antenna installed at EUREF 0217 site.
Permanent station BOG1 has been included into the worldwide network of
stations operating in the framework of IGLOS program.

In October 1999 at the roof of the building of the Institute of Geodesy
and Cartography in the city centre of Warsaw there was installed another
reference DGPS/RTK station equipped with the receiver Z-12 Sensor and a
NAVI software; also the mobile phone system Plus GSM is used.

Three receivers of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw took
part in the joint project of the University of Warmia and Masury,
Olsztyn and the Military School of Airforce, Deblin. The project was
designated to testing RTK for navigating the flight of the jet aircraft
equipped with GG24 receiver as well as its landing. Two receivers
located at the Geodetic-Geophysical Observatory at Borowa Gora and one
on the roof of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw were
used as base stations for the RTK survey during five flights. experiment
that lasted for 5 days. Data collected during the experiment were
postprocessed. The results of the experiment will be published soon.

RTK with GSM data transfer was extensively tested at the the Institute
of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw. Test surveys with Ashtech GPS
receivers were conducted in urban area as well as at the sites with no
obstructions. Internal accuracy of RTK was tested as well as its
dependence on the distance from the base station. The superiority of GSM
data transfer in RTK over conventional radio link was indicated. The
results of the experimnets as well as practical recommendations were
presented in the paper.

Data collected by four Polish permanent GPS stations Borowa Gora (BOGO),
Borowiec (BOR1), Jozefoslaw (JOZE) and Lamkowko (LAMA) covering
different at least two week long periods have been processed in 2 and
4-hour blocks with 75% overlap. Time series representing all components
of the computed vector as well as their standard errors were analysed.
Time variations in the obtained results showed a remarkable regularity.
Spectral analysis indicated two significant periods: a stronger one of
12 h and a weaker one of 24 h. Regularity of the obtained time
variations were investigated. Also the GPS data from local mini-network
at Borowa Gora Observatory was analysed. To improve the accuracy of
vector determination from short GPS sessions, separation of biases
caused by different sources as well as appropriate modelling is
required.

Institute of Geodesy and Cartography actively took part in the extensive
research on feasibility study concerning geodetic system of permanent
GPS stations for Polish national surveying and mapping service.

**2.2 ACTIVITIES AT THE STATION JOZEFOSLAW**

Astrogeodetic Observatory Jozefosław joined International GPS Service in
1994. Since 1996 the Observatory has been acting as one of the sites
that are used to define the European Reference Frame (EUREF). Nowadays
the routine permanent observations are collected by four GPS receivers:
TRIMBLE 4000 SSE, TRIMBLE 4000 TRS, Turbo Rogue 8000 and Ashtech Z-18
GPS/GLONASS.

The integral part of the Observatory is the EUREF Local Analysis Centre.
The main objectives of this Centre are (1) the research on new strategy
of the densification of ITRF (IERS Terrestrial Reference Frame) stations
and (2) the processing of a EUREF sub-network which actually consists of
30 points placed in Central and Eastern Europe.

Besides this routine work the Centre performs the post-processing of the
epoch periodic campaigns. One of them is the Central European Regional
Network (CEGRN) realised in the frame of Central European Regional
Geodynamics Project (CERGOP). The Centre is one of 8 Centres
participated in CERGOP project.

Another works carried out in the Centre is the determination of
ionosphere parameters (TEC content). Studies on determination of the
troposphere parameters were also conducted. The results of the
determination of water vapour were compared with radio-sounding results
and Unified Model for Poland (UMPL) and gave significant correlation.

There are also continued works carried out at the Institute of Geodesy
and Geodetic Astronomy of the Warsaw University of Technology on
application of satellite DGPS and RTK positioning systems to the
determination of trajectory of the moving objects especially to the
manmanned shiphandling models. The results of tests conducted in Ilawa
test area of the Foundation for Safety of Navigation and Environmental
Protection showed the possibility of its successful implementation.

### 3. CONCISE INFORMATION ON APPLICATION OF SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR GEODYNAMICS

Several GPS monitoring campaigns of geodynamic networks were performed
lately in Poland:

-   **Five-day campaign CEGRN** (Central Europe GPS Reference Network)
    realised in the frame of the Project CERGOP (Central Europe Regional
    Geodynamics Project) was performed from 18 June to 23 June 2001.
    Observations were made at about 60 European stations. Six Polish
    stations take part in the Project. They are: Borowiec, Grybow,
    Jozefoslaw, Lamkowko (Olsztyn), Sniezka and Wroclaw.

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-   **The geodynamic GPS network SUDETES**, that is established in close
    cooperation of Polish and Czech geodesists, covers the area of
    Middle- and East-Sudety Mts. and Sudety Foreland and joins all
    existing Czech and Polish local GPS networks in this area. The
    Polish part of this network includes selected points of network
    GEOSUD, established in 1996 by the Department of Geodesy and
    Photogrammetry of Agriculture University of Wroclaw. The Czech part
    (network SILESIA) was designed and monumented in 1997 by the team of
    Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics of the Czech Academy of
    Science in Prague. The whole SUDETES network will be measured during
    GPS campaign scheduled for September 2001.

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-   **Polish-Slovak Project \"Tatra Mts. without border\"**. Project was
    launched in 1997. GPS monitoring campaigns are organised every year
    by teams from Slovak and Polish institutions to measure the Tatra
    Mts. reference satellite network. The general objectives of the
    project are: investigation of geodynamics of the Tatra Mts. and
    determination of the local quasigeoid in the region. As by-result
    there will be determination of heights of some Tatra's picks. The
    seminar on geodynamic of Tatra Mts is organised every year at fall
    time.

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-   Czech-Polish-Slovak Cross-Border Studies of Regional Geodynamics
    (Sudetes, Beskydy, Tatra, Pieniny Mts). Long border line between
    Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia coincides generally with very
    interesting geotectonic formations of different age that give an
    excellent opportunity to undertake a comparative studies that have a
    significant scientific and practical value. The main general
    objectives of the Project have been defined as follows:

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-   Long-term investigation of variations of the recent crustal
    movements and periodic monitoring of the horizontal and vertical
    displacements in the structural active tectonic zones of the Polish
    and Czech parts of the Sudetes Mts. and the Western Carpathians as
    well as in the regions located close to the existing and planned
    investments and technical constructions (water reservoirs and dams,
    power stations, communication lines, etc.).

-   In the Tatra Mts., that represent the youngest tectonic formation of
    the area of Central Europe, a study of tectonic movements and
    relatively significant velocity vectors as well as determination of
    the location of the geoid (the quasi-geoid) related to the
    geocentric reference ellipsoid;

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-   Geodynamic research and investigation of the whole area will be
    directed to both scientific and practical outputs. The geodynamic
    hazard map of the area will be considered to assess regional
    mobility characteristics. The obtained data will be used for
    regional and urban planning;

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-   Establishment of the test control networks in Sudetes Region and in
    Tatra Mts. that can be used by Polish, Czech and Slovak geodesists
    and surveyors for testing new technologies and upgrading the
    practical quick methods of satellite and geodetic positioning
    procedures applicable for geodesy and navigation, in particular in
    hilly and mountainous areas. The established geodetic test fields
    will also be used by geodetic departments of Czech, Polish and
    Slovak technical universities for student training in surveying and
    geodesy.

> In 2001 a coordinated GPS satellite observation campaign will be
> organised on 7-9 September. About 35 GPS receivers from the Czech
> Republic, Poland and Slovakia will be involved in the action.

\* \* \* \* \*

The following acronyms and abbreviations of names of Polish institutions
involved in realisation of GPS projects are usually used in the National
Reports:

> AUW Agriculture University of Wroclaw
>
> DG Department of Geodesy

DGP Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry

> FMSEE Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering

GMA Gdynia Maritime Academy

GSP General Surveyor of Poland

HOGC Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography

IG Institute of Geodesy

IGC Institute of Geodesy and Cartography

IGGA Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy

MOG Maritime Office Gdynia

MUS Maritime University Szczecin

########  PAFA Polish Air Force Academy Deblin

PAS Polish Academy of Sciences

PNAG Polish Naval Academy Gdynia

SGN Chair of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation WMUO

SRC Space Research Centre

UMMC University of Mining and Metallurgy Cracow

WMUO Warmia and Masury University Olsztyn

WUT Warsaw University of Technology

In order to organise a quick transmission of information necessary for
preparation of this and all subsequent National Reports for CGSIC there
was established a network of correspondents of Polish institutions
involved in realisation of GPS scientific and practical projects. Below
you can find the names of the correspondents and their contact e-mail
addresses. For further detailed information please contact directly the
correspondents of particular institutions.

The author of this Report would like to express his sincere thanks to
all correspondents for their help in prompt providing all necessary
data.

Astrogeodynamic Observatory

SRC PAS Borowiec J. Nawrocki j.nawrocki@cbk.poznan.pl

Department of Geodesy

and Photogrammetry,

Agriculture University of Wroclaw S. Cacon cacon@kgf.ar.wroc.pl

Gdynia Maritime Academy J. Januszewski wnknt@wsm.gdynia.pl

Head Office

for Geodesy of Cartography R. Pazus r.pazus@gugik.gov.pl

Warmia & Masuria

University Olsztyn S. Oszczak oszczak@uni.olsztyn.pl

Institute

of Geodesy and Cartography

Warsaw A. Linsenbarth igik@igik.edu.pl

J. Krynski krynski@igik.edu.pl

Institute of Geodesy and

Geodetic Astronomy,

Warsaw University of Technology J. Sledzinski sledzinski@gik.pw.edu.pl

K. Czarnecki kcz@gik.pw.edu.pl

J. Rogowski jbr@gik.pw.edu.pl

Maritime Office Gdynia M. Dziewicki marekdz@umgdy.gov.pl

Maritime University Szczecin A. Wolski remik@server.wsm.szczecin.pl

Polish Air Force Academy Deblin A. Fellner andrzejf@wsosp.deblin.pl

Polish Naval Academy Gdynia A..Felski AFel@AMW.gdynia.pl

######### Space Research Centre of the

Polish Academy of Sciences J. Zielinski jbz@cbk.waw.pl

University of Mining and Metallurgy

Faculty of Mining Surveying

and Environmental Engineering

Cracow:

Department of Engineering Surveying

and Building A. Balut abalut@uci.agh.edu.pl

Department

of Geodesy and Cartography W. Goral wgik@uci.agh.edu.pl

######### Department of Mining Surveying J. Szewczyk jszewczy@uci.agh.edu.pl