Examples of BE-Funded Research in Support of Outcome Goals

*I. People - Development of \"a diverse, internationally competitive and
globally-engaged workforce of scientists, engineers, and well-prepared
citizens.\"*

A.  Improved mathematics, science, and technology skills for U.S.
    students at the K-12 level and for citizens of all ages.

[Rating]{.underline}. The Advisory Committee for Environmental Research
and Education ranked the *Biocomplexity in the Environment* program
successful in meeting the outcome goal on "People."

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

Biocomplexity: The Roles of Resources, Competition, and Predation in
Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter[^1]

Bacteria play crucial roles in cycling of elements and thus the
functioning of the biosphere. This project is about understanding, at a
mechanistic and thus quantitative level, what affects the activity of
bacteria in nature. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop, and
test, a model that will predict the rates of organic matter cycling in
natural systems. This project will include mechanisms to enhance
coursework in both undergraduate and graduate programs in environmental
technology and engineering education; to provide enrichment
opportunities for in-service teachers of science courses in grades 5-8
through a partners-in-learning program; and to broaden student research
training that will explore dynamic interactions within and among
environmental systems and will be directed by a multidisciplinary team
of faculty investigators.

***Intellectual Imperatives in Ethnobiology: Research, methodology,
analyses, education, and funding for a rapidly expanding field***[^2]

This workshop will bring together biologists, anthropologists, and
archaeologists engaged in research on etnobiology, together with applied
mathematicians, to identify future directions to facilitate growth and
maturation on the field. The workshop will attempt to define and focus
research objectives; explore modern methodology appropriate for studying
plant/animal-people interactions; assess and strengthen techniques for
quantitative analyses of multidisciplinary data; develop
interdisciplinary education models to train students and practicioners
of ethnobiology; and develop strategies to improve access to academic
funding sources.

## Biocomplexity-Dynamic Controls on Emergent Properties of River Flood Plains[^3]

The conceptual foundation of this biocomplexity proposal is that river
flood plains are regional centers of ecological organization. This
system is dependent on interactions among dynamic, nonlinear physical
and biological processes linking water, heat and materials (biota,
sediment, and plant-growth nutrients), flux and retention to fluvial
landscape change. The investigators will improve and integrate their
existing 3-D hydrologic model with new channel change, heat flux and
nutrient cycling model in a dynamic flood plain biogeochemical simulator
that is initialized from remote sensing information. The goal is
spatially explicit quantification of heat and nutrient fluxes in
relation to the habitat dynamics. An educational component is proposed
that proactively links the floodplain research with the summer academic
program at the Flathead Lake Biological Station (FLBS), the natural
resources curriculum of our local Native American college (Salish and
Kootenai College) and an annual national workshop for environmental
professionals and high school teachers.

B. A science and technology and instructional workforce that reflects
America\'s diversity

[Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001
Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions]{.underline}

## The FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment competition realized little progress in the area of investigator diversity from previous years. Of the 73 awards, 11 principle investigators were women but only one was a member of minority group and only 1 was physically challenged. Diversity of the environmental research work force is a critical area in need of immediate and significant attention. Although the principle investigator group was not particularly diverse, a number of awards in FY 2001 address this issue in their research components. 

## Climate and Land Use Change Processes in East Africa[^4]

This planning grant supports activities that will lead to a full
research proposal on the interactions between land use change, land
cover change, and climate change at the regional scale in East Africa.
Plans include a workshop in East Africa, concept development for
modeling, and a concept paper. The grant will enable team members from
the U.S., Africa, and the U.K. to collaborate effectively in these
activities and to establish modalities for collaborative preparation of
the full proposal and implementation of the research project. The
project will facilitate development of international interdisciplinary
collaborations, with education and training opportunities for U.S. and
African graduate students.

Exploratory Research: Complementary Development of New Chemical Sensor
and Probe Microscopy Techniques for Environmental Research in
Hydrothermal Ecosystems[^5]

# 

The objectives of this project are to develop the concepts for robust
multiplexed arrays of sensors for the detection of inorganic and organic
analytes as well as microorganisms and to develop instrumentation to
quantify heterogeneous kinetics and molecule/surface interactions in
complex, groundwater and surface water, and extreme ecosystems. The
project will provide educational opportunities in this growing field of
scientific discovery. Students trained in these areas will be very
competitive in the job market as these are areas of high priority in
industry.

C. Globally engaged science and engineering professionals who are among
the best in the world

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

# ***Biocomplexity, Spatial Scale and Fragmentation: Implications for Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems***[^6]

# 

This proposal argues that spatial complexity of vegetation plays a
central role in the structure and function of temporally variable, arid
and semi-arid ecosystems. Complexity results from movement-mediated
linking of less complex spatial units by herbivores and humans into
spatially extensive, complex systems. But modern human land use and land
tenure systems tend to deplete spatial biocomplexity through
fragmentation of ecosystems into isolated and simplified units. The goal
of this project is to demonstrate the importance of spatial complexity,
the costs of fragmentation, and to identify options for sustainability
at sites around the world by linking ecological and socio-economic
research, and in the process, create an international network of
scientists addressing these issues. The project focuses on 21 sites in
nine countries on four continents. The interdisciplinary scientific team
includes ecologists, anthropologists, economists, and political
scientists.

*Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential Human Needs: Developing an
Interdisciplinary Research Agenda in the Plata Basin* [^7]

The Plata Basin comprises the Paraguay-Parana rivers system and the
Uruguay river system; it is shared by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Paraguay and Uruguay. This large and complex river system has high
levels of biodiversity and human use, making it an ideal location to
test a novel interdisciplinary, multi-stakeholder approach for studying
the interaction of natural and human systems as well as for planning
alternative strategies of sustainable development. The Plata Basin pilot
project will focus on the effects of expanding agricultural and
cattle-raising activities on biogeochemical cycles, land-use change,
levels of biodiversity, and the changing hydrological cycles of the
Paraguay and Parana rivers.

***Phenotypic plasticity in an aquatic bacterium***[^8]

Heterotrophic bacteria play a key role in pelagic nutrient cycling
because they remineralize organic matter before it sinks out of the
system. Two key bacterial behaviors that may influence remineralization
rates are dormancy and attachment to plankton. Both of these behaviors
are phenotypically plastic, allowing bacteria to respond to changes in
their environment. The goal of this research project is to study the
interaction between dormancy and attachment behaviors using whole-genome
expression profiles for a focal species (Vibrio cholerae) under
contrasting environmental conditions in both the field and laboratory.
The investigators are particularly interested in determining (1) the
extent to which dormancy and attachment may be co-regulated under
realistic environmental conditions and (2) how these behaviors might be
altered by anthropogenic activities such as land use change or organic
pollution. The research will be conducted by an interdisciplinary and
international team of researchers who specialize in ecology,
microbiology, genetics and statistics.

D. A public that is provided access to the benefits of science and
engineering research and education

[Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001
Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions\
]{.underline}

Human Dimensions of the Arctic System: A workshop to stimulate research
on the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems[^9]

# This workshop brings together a range of researchers, including graduate students and junior faculty, from a variety of natural and social science disciplines to understand the Human Dimensions of the Arctic System (HARC). The close linkages between people and the environment, the great variability in both human and natural systems, and predictions that the polar regions will experience large impacts of global change make the Arctic a compelling region for research in to the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems. The workshop will include strong participation from the Arctic indigenous community. Research partnerships between disciplines and among researchers and indigenous representatives will be fostered by the opportunity to discuss pressing environmental, social, and cultural concerns.

# ***Modeling biocomplexity and socio-economic decision-making under uncertainty in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem:A proposal to develop an interdisciplinary team***[^10]

The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem has been described as both the
quintessential American wilderness and a battle zone that pits humans
against nature. Controversial issues range from socio-economic concerns
(e.g., rural development and subdivisions) to basic ecology (e.g., the
relationship between elk and vegetation). The future health of the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem depends as much on human decision-making
dynamics as on biophysical processes and environmental change. The
long-term goal of this project is to integrate biophysical and
decision-making models into a framework that allows exploration of
future scenarios that include likely social and environmental stressors.

Biocomplexity: Coupled Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Carbon in
Anoxgenic Acidic Sulfidic Thermal Springs (AASTS)in Relation to
Microbial Composition of Phototrophic Mats[^11]

Life in restrictive environments and its interaction with biogeochemical
cycling and mineralization are of paramount importance for understanding
modern and ancient biogeochemical cycles, as well as similar
interactions in bioengineered systems. Anaerobic, acidic, sulfidic,
thermal springs (AASTS) represent potentially important settings for the
earliest organisms on Earth, and the phototrophs inhabiting them (e.g.,
green sulfur bacteria) are excellent candidates for Earth\'s earliest
photosynthesizers. This project plans to foster interdisciplinary
scientific research and education for undergraduates, graduate students,
international collaborators and the public. Highlights include
development of a web-based multi-level Virtual School on Biocomplexity
in AASTS and workshops for the Philippine and US collaborators on the
same topic. Given the global recognition of the need to preserve and
understand unique microbial systems for fundamental and biotechnical
reasons, plans are incorporated for strong international partnerships in
research and education.

II\. Ideas \-- Enabling \"discovery across the frontier of science and
engineering, connected to learning, innovation, and service to
society.\"

A. A robust and growing fundamental knowledge base that enhances
progress in all science and engineering areas including the science of
learning

[Rating]{.underline}. The Advisory Committee for Environmental Research
and Education ranked the *Biocomplexity in the Environment* program
successful in meeting the outcome goal on "Ideas."

[Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001
Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions]{.underline}

Dynamics of an Invasive Non-Native Species and its Biological, Physical,
and Human Impacts: Spartina Alterniflora on the Pacific Coast[^12]

Among the gravest threats to natural ecosystems and the maintenance of
ecosystem services are they more potent non-native species. The massive
invasions of *Spartina alterniflora*, an Atlantic cordgrass, into
Pacific estuaries, are a window to the general ramifications of alien
species in ecosystems. This project will be an integrated study of
dynamics of an invasive species including a mathematical/conceptual
model, physical and biological feedbacks, and a study of impacts on
non-commercial human values.

***Modeling the Interactions Between Urban Development, Land Cover
Change, and Bird Diversity***[^13]

The interactions between urban development and ecological processes are
extraordinarily complex. Urban development evolves over time and space
as the outcome of microscopic interactions of individual choices and
actions taken by multiple agents. These decisions affect ecosystem
structures and functions through the conversion of land, fragmentation
of natural habitat use, disruption of hydrological systems, and
modification of energy flow and nutrient cycles. This project will
develop an integrated model of urban development and land-cover change
in the central Puget Sound region that can interface with models
representing a large set of ecosystem processes. The focus of this
project will be on linking urban development to bird diversity as a test
case for an integrated modeling approach.

Agent-Based Modeling of Bering Sea Biocomplexity: Long-term Ecological
Effects of Human-Salmon Interactions[^14]

The southern Bering Sea and central North Pacific region is considered
to be one of the world\'s most important fisheries. Yet recent
catastrophic declines in many species including salmon, Steller sea
lion, sea otter, and some pelagic birds show that this ecosystem is
neither healthy nor sustainable given modern harvesting rates. Using
biological and ecological data, paleoclimatic reconstructions,
archaeological data on subsistence and harvesting rates, historic and
modern catch and escapement records, ethnographic reports and
traditional ecological knowledge, this project will use Swarm
agent-based modeling routines to investigate the dynamics of
human-salmon-ecosystem interactions in the southern Bering Sea region of
Alaska. The multidisciplinary investigative team will develop methods to
directly test a number of relationships associated with direct and
indirect impacts of changes in one or more sets of human and/or natural
systems on the others.

##### B. Discoveries that advance the frontiers of science, engineering and technology

[Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001
Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions]{.underline}

***Anopheline Mosquito Adaptation to Urban Environments***[^15]

This proposal is investigating biocomplexity of anopheline mosquito
adaptation to urban environments in western and coastal Kenya. For the
past 25 years, African urban centers have been growing at over five
percent per year without comparable economic growth. High population
density, poverty, and pollution have complex negative effects on urban
ecosystems. Ecological changes due to human activities can alter the
availability and quality of water supporting aquatic insects.
Investigating the complex interplay of urbanization, variable water
conditions, insect populations, and human behavior through time and
space is key to understanding adaptation in changing and urban
ecosystems.

Coupling Rhizosphere Biogeochemical Cycles to Plant Growth under
Differing Levels of Carbon Dioxide[^16]

Soil food webs are complex assemblages of diverse species that couple
mineral nutrient cycles in the soil to primary productivity of plants in
root-zone ecosystems known as rhizospheres. These interactions link
carbon from plant root exudates to a variety of predator-prey
relationships that return excess nitrogen through mineralization to the
growing plant. Previous work shows that the presence of predators in the
rhizosphere food web can increase plant growth 50 to 150%. This project
will use mass-isotope and molecular genetic techniques to identify
processes involved in regulating these interactions. One importance
aspect of this project lies in its contribution to the debate over
whether additional carbon from increasing levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide can be stored in soil. Other aspects of the work will identify
mechanisms that promote plant growth while sustaining beneficial
interactions among bacteria, nematodes and mites that prey on nematodes.

# ***Biogeochemistry and Polymer Physics of Seawater Gels: A New Paradigm for the Microbial Loop and Global Element Cycles***[^17]

# 

The objective of the proposed research is to test the hypothesis that a
major fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater occurs as
self-assembled polymer gels with unique properties that differ from
those of their constituent macromolecules or from rigid colloids of
comparable size. These properties affect bioavailability of the organic
constituents in this colloidal matter. The hypothesis will be tested in
parallel laboratory and field experiments involving biophysics,
biogeochemistry and marine microbiology. The validity of the hypothesis
is tested by addressing five subquestions which include: (1) What are
the spatial and temporal distributions of the gel? (2) What are the
chemical properties? (3) How are the physics of marine gels related to
their sources and reactions? (4) What are the biological sources? (5)
What biodegradation processes alter or remove the gels? This research
could help explain how organic polymer gels affect the function of the
oceans microbial loop, and hence the marine food web and global carbon
cycle.

Instrumentation to Measure the Emission and Transport of Biological
Aerosols into the Atmosphere: Linking Across Scales from Microns to
Kilometers[^18]

The objective of the proposed research is to focus on the measurement of
the emission and transport of biological aerosols (focusing on pollens)
in the atmosphere. Several instruments that cover the size range of
microns for the particles themselves to particulate dispersal over many
kilometers will be developed. The behavior of individual pollen
particles and the emission of pollen from the plant will be observed and
modeled. At the larger scales, particulate dispersal will be studied in
a wind tunnel and in field studies, and the experimental results will be
used to refine large eddy simulation models. The field studies will be
carried out at four sites in the Chesapeake Bay region. Pollen transport
is of interest because of species cross-fertilization and genetic
diversity concerns that have arisen due to human disruption of the
natural landscape, as well as concerns about transport distances of
genetically altered pollens.

C. Partnerships connecting discovery to innovation, learning, and
societal advancement

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

***Impact of Industrial Products and Processes on Biocomplexity: A
Multidisciplinary Holistic Approach with Applications to Fiber Products
and Processes***[^19]

The objective of this project is to enable, orient, and integrate the
diverse endeavors of a team of multidisciplinary researchers to define
the major issues, systems interactions, critical needs, opportunities,
and future directions pertaining to the impact of industrial systems on
biocomplexity. Targeted issues will include manufacturing ecology,
identification of biological processes that define a system in relation
to the industrial products and processes, industrial phenomena that lie
at the interfaces with the ecosystem and mechanisms for impacting the
environment, role of industrial ecology in environmental bifurcation,
instability, and chaos, selection of appropriate spatial and temporal
scales, and product/process redesign for simultaneous socioeconomic
development and environmental sustainability.

International Biodiversity Observation Year Workshops[^20]

Rapid expansion of biodiversity research has occurred as technological
advances have enabled investigations at genetic to landscape scales and
in previously inaccessible habitats. However, these developments have
occurred along traditional reductionist lines of scientific inquiry and
much of the research is fragmented by discipline, taxonomic group,
habitat and biome. Until recently there has been no forum for scientists
to gather to integrate the facets of biodiversity research. Integration
has been a primary focus of the DIVERSITAS-International Biodiversity
Observation Year 2001-2002 (IBOY). The goal of IBOY is to increase
holistic understanding of biodiversity and its influence on the
functioning and stability of the Earth System, through integration of
the disparate components of biodiversity research. This project will
support a series of IBOY workshops beginning June 2001 to facilitate
integration of the biodiversity sciences, and communication of their
findings. The participants will share the latest biodiversity research
methodologies and findings from diverse disciplines, assess and
prioritize biodiversity research challenges, receive media training on
communicating their findings to a broad public audience, and produce
outreach products including press releases.

## Materials Flow Accounting of Natural Resources: Workshop[^21]

This award provides partial support for an eighteen-month study and
report on material flow accounting of natural resources. Materials flow
accounting, which can be used to track the flow of a material from the
time it is extracted to its ultimate disposal, provides a means for
making better economic and environmental decisions at all process
stages. This study will examine (1) the usefulness of creating and
maintaining materials flow accounts for developing sound public policy
on the environment, materials, and energy; (2) the technical basis for
materials flow analysis; (3) the current state of materials flow
information, including what data are collected, where it resides,
quality, scale and completeness of the data, formats, accessibility, and
the tools and methods available for analyzing the data; (4) the ways the
public and private sectors are currently using this information and how
materials flow accounts can be improved through partnerships or access
to additional data; and (5) who should have institutional responsibility
for collecting, maintaining and providing access to additional data for
materials flow accounts.

##### D. Research and education processes that are synergistic

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

## Facilitating Education in Environmental Research: Workshop[^22]

NSF is aware that many scientists have little experience with
translating or applying their research methods and findings to
educational settings. Proposing and designing education projects that
are useful, meaningful, achievable, and whose outcomes can be assessed
for their short- and long-term efficacy is a challenging task. The NRC
aims to facilitate the integration of research and education by
convening a 2-day workshop focused on the educational efforts of
scientists working in environmental research and related disciplines.
Participants will include researchers who have successfully integrated
education with their research, researchers just beginning educational
projects, and education professionals with expertise in areas such as
the life, chemical, and earth sciences; assessment of teaching and
learning; student research programs; interdisciplinary approaches to
teaching and learning science; and state and national standards for
science. At the workshop Scientist/Educators whose work is exemplary
will present their approaches, methods, and perspectives. The sharing of
their \"stories\" will be used as the basis for a discussion on how to
develop, implement, integrate and assess educational components of
research projects.

III\. Tools \-- Providing \"broadly accessible, state-of-the-art
information-bases and shared research and education"

A. Shared-use platforms, facilities, instruments, and databases that
enable discovery and enhance the productivity and effectiveness of the
science and engineering workforce

# Rating. The Advisory Committee for Environmental Research and Education ranked the *Biocomplexity in the Environment* program successful in meeting the outcome goal on "Tools."

# 

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

Teaming to Enable University Research on Hazardous Emissions Through New
Instrumentation and Student Internships[^23]

# 

This is a one-year planning activity to develop a collaborative working
relationship among research groups at the Georgia Institute of
Technology, Louisiana State University, the Environmental Protection
Agency, and SRI International. The objective is the development and
demonstration of a jet-REMPI (resonantly enhanced multiphoton
ionization) instrument for analyzing combustion byproduct emissions that
are environmental hazards such as dioxins, furans, and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Current methods of analysis for these
chemicals in the different and disparate research studies at LSU, GIT,
and EPA are very time consuming, requiring up to a month for a single
analysis. In contrast, SRI\'s jet-REMPI device can analyze low levels of
simple chlorinated hydrocarbons in seconds. Adaptation of this technique
to the research environment will remove a major impediment to progress
in several

areas of environmental chemistry.

B. Networking and connectivity that take full advantage of the Internet
and make science, mathematics, engineering and technology information
available to all citizens

# Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001 Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions

***Hexapods, Phylogenetic Supercomputing***[^24]

This project combines expertise in computer science, statistics, and
phylogenetic systematics to address three fundamental questions in
evolutionary biology, genomics, and computational biology. (1) What are
the major relationships among Hexapods (insects and related taxa)? (2)
How has mitochondrial genome evolution occurred relative to Hexapod
diversity? (3) How can we develop fast, parallel computer algorithms to
reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for large data sets? The results
will provide a framework for understanding Hexapod diversity (crucial
for understanding agricultural pests, disease vectors, etc.),
mitochondrial genome evolution (instrumental in understanding the
functional significance of gene rearrangements), and easily available
parallel approaches for phylogenetics. The investigators will heavily
involve undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in
every phase of this work and provide outlets in the form of publications
and informational websites.

**C. Information and policy analyses that contribute to the effective
use of science and engineering resources**

[Preliminary Results and Proposed Research from FY 1999-FY 2001
Biocomplexity in the Environment Competitions]{.underline}

***Examining Emergent Behaviors of Landscapes Using an Integrated
Process-based Perspective***[^25]

This project proposes to develop a process-based, multi-scale
perspective of landscape-level emergent behaviors. This perspective will
advance scientific understanding of landscapes, enable scientists to
incorporate landscape-level processes into analyses at broader scales,
and enable managers to consider natural resources at appropriate scales.

Responding to the Challenges of Human-Natural System Complexity through
Assuring the Quality of Models, Improving the Presentation of Findings,
and Designing New Institutions[^26]

This project brings faculty from the social and natural sciences at the
University of California at Berkeley into a comparative analysis of how
the use and presentation of models of coupled human and natural systems
can be improved. With no single model representing the full complexity
in a manageable way, both scientific and public understanding must come
through \"piecing together\" findings from separate models that
emphasize different parts of complex systems. This process of \"piecing
together\" is currently not working very well. This project will explore
whether the process of communicating information from disparate models
might be improved, for example, through the establishment of scientific
and public standards. The possibilities for using new institutions such
as \"science juries\" also will be considered, as well as how the
training of scientists could be modified to reduce the problem. This
project facilitates the development of new approaches and their
application; the comparison of case studies; serious, open discussion in
a workshop that will include philosophers of science and graduate
students; and the drafting of a textbook for graduate students who are
preparing to work at the interface of science and policy.

Performance in Support of Selected Investment and Management Goals

###### Appendix A

**List of Awards for FY 2001 *Biocomplexity in the Environment***

# **Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems**

0120024 Alberti, Marina, University of Washington, \$1.1m, Modeling the
Interactions Between Urban Development, Land Cover Change, and Bird
Diversity

0119976 Brumbaugh, Daniel, American Museum of Natural History, \$2.5m,

*Coupled natural and human dynamics in coral reef ecosystems: the effect
of marine reserve network design and implementation*

# 0119618 Ellis, James, Colorado State University, \$1.9m, *Biocomplexity, Spatial Scale and Fragmentation: Implications for Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems*

# 

# 0120022 Gregory, Stanley, Oregon State University, \$1.95m, *Interactions of riparian pattern, policy and biocomplexity in coupled human/riverine systems* 

# 

# 0119819 Kirch, Patrick, University of California, Berkeley, \$1.4m, *Human Ecodynamics in the Hawaiian Ecosystem, 1200-200 Years BP* 

# 

# 0119981 Kohler, Timothy, Washington State University, \$920k, *Coupled Human/Ecosystems over Long Periods: Mesa Verde Region Prehispanic Ecodynamics* 

# 0119572 Rindfuss, Ronald, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, \$1.3m, *Simulating Complexity in a Dynamic Landscape* 

# 

0119804, Brown, David, University of Michigan, \$1.3m, *PROJECT SLUCE:
Spatial Land Use Change and Ecological Effects at the Rural-Urban
Interface: Agent-Based Modeling and Evaluation of Alternative Policies
and Interventions*

0119821 Campbell, David, Michigan State University, \$65k, *Climate and
Land Use Change Processes in East Africa*

# 0119865 Graumlich, Lisa, Montana State University, \$80k, *Global Change, Globalization, and the Vulnerability of Mountain Systems*

# 0119827 Hudak, Andrew, Oregon State University, \$50k, *Exploring the Human-Environmental Interactions Causing Bush Encroachment*

019798 Huntington, Henry, Arctic Research, \$50k, *Human Dimensions of
the Arctic System: A workshop to stimulate research on the dynamics of
coupled natural and human systems*

# 0120009 Keeney, Dennis, IATP, \$70k, *Alternatives to Crisis: Constructing Models of Resilience in the Red River Valley of the North*

# 0119422 Klaine, Stephen, Clemson University, \$100k, *Systems Approach to Maintaining Natural Capital in Rapidly Developing Watersheds*

0119743 Mascher, Herbert, Idaho State University, \$80k, Agent-Based
Modeling of Bering Sea Biocomplexity: Long-term Ecological Effects of
Human-Salmon Interactions

# 0119938 McGinnis, David, University of Iowa, \$46k, *Modeling biocomplexity and socio-economic decision-making under uncertainty in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem:A proposal to develop an interdisciplinary team*

0119992 Merenlender, Adina, University of California at Berkeley, \$55k,
*Human and Natural Systems Associated with Mediterranean Watersheds: An
Interdisciplinary Framework*

0119875 Norgaard, Richard, University of California at Berkeley, \$100k,
*Responding to the Challenges of Human-Natural System Complexity through
Assuring the Quality of Models, Improving the Presentation of Findings,
and Designing New Institutions*

# 0119759 O'Rourk, Dennis, University of Utah, \$60k, *BE Incubation Grant: A Temporal Perspective on Biocomplexity in the Aleutian Islands*

# 0119851 Podesta, Guillermo, University of Miami RSMAS, \$65k, *BE/CNH: Climate Information and Forecasts in Agricultural Production Systems of the Argentine Pampas: Planning for Their Effective Use in Decision Making*

0119961 Ratchford, Marina, American Association for the Advancement of
Science, \$70k, *Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential Human Needs:
Developing an Interdisciplinary Research Agenda in the Plata Basin*

# 0119877 Salick, Jan, Missouri Botanical Garden, \$43k, *Intellectual Imperatives in Ethnobiology: Research, methodology, analyses, education, and funding for a rapidly expanding field* 

# 0119783 Santelmann, Mary, Oregon State University, \$70k, *Sustaining Multiple Functions for Urban Wetlands*

# 0119908 Swihart, Robert, Purdue University, \$50k, *Predicting the Dynamics of Human-Dominated Landscapes: Metapopulation Models for Ecosystems with Sharp Edges*

0119960, Weiler, C. Susan, Whitman College, \$70k, *Biocomplexity at the
Land-Water Interface: Enhancing Interdisciplinary Understanding and
Networking among Recent Graduates*

# 0119888 White, Michael, Utah State University, \$56k, *Biocomplexity in a coupled natural and human system: the glassy-winged sharpshooter and threats to the California wine industry*

0122141 Wall, Diana, Colorado State University, \$116k, *International
Biodiversity Observation Year Workshops*

0124293 Boesch, Donald, University of Maryland Center for Environmental
Sciences, \$92k, Estuarine Responses to Climate Change and Variability:
Workshop

0126403 Sharples, Frances, National Academy of Sciences, \$120k,
*Facilitating Education in Environmental Research: Workshop*

### Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles

# 0120468 Prinn, Ronald, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, \$2.6m, *Biocomplexity: Feedbacks Between Ecosystems & The Climate System*

0120523 Stanford, Jack, University of Montana, \$2.6m,
*Biocomplexity-Dynamic Controls on Emergent Properties of River Flood
Plains*

0120732 Dick, Richard, Oregon State University, \$1.1m, *Regulation of
the Hydrologic and C Cycles by Native Shrubs in Soils of Sub-Sahelian
Africa*

0120727, Zachos, James, University of California, Santa Cruz, \$2.5m,
*Consequences of Greenhouse Warming for Biocomplexity and Biogeochemical
Cycles: A Multidisciplinary Case Study Across the Paleocene-Ecocene
Boundary*

0120453, Taghon, Gary, Rutgers University New Brunswick, \$2m,
*Biocomplexity: The Roles of Resources, Competition, and Predation in
Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter*

0120630, Hanan, Niall, Colorado State University, \$1.4m, Biocomplexity
in African Savannas

0120736, Walker, Donald, University of Alaska Fairbanks, \$2.7m,
Biocomplexity associated with biogeochemical cycles in arctic frost-boil
ecosystems

0120169, Phllips, Donald, University of California at Davis, \$2.3m,
Coupling Rhizosphere Biogeochemical Cycles to Plant Growth under
Differing Levels of Carbon Dioxide

0120610 Zhang, Chualun, University of Missouri-Columbia, \$358k,
*Biogeochemical Processes and Community Dynamics in Gas Hydrate Systems
of the Gulf of Mexico*

# 0120579 Verdugo, Pedro, University of Washington, \$2.6m, *Biogeochemistry and Polymer Physics of Seawater Gels: A New Paradigm for the Microbial Loop and Global Element Cycles*

# 

0120660 Richardson, Curtis, Duke University, \$94k, *Understanding the
Biocomplexity of Differential Nutrient Limitations Between Trophic
Levels: A Comparison Among Biomes*

0120693 Brezonik, Patrick, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, \$94k,
Coupled Nutrient, Water, and Salt Cycles in Urban and Agricultural
Ecosystems

0120698 Richter, Daniel, Duke University, \$82k, Simplification and
Recovery of Soil Biocomplexity following Agricultural Cultivation and
Forest Logging

0120594 Abrajano, Teofilo, Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute, \$100k,
*Biocomplexity:Coupled Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Carbon in
Anoxgenic Acidic Sulfidic Thermal Springs (AASTS)in Relation to
Microbial Composition of Phototrophic Mats*

0120608, Weider, Kelman, Villanova University, \$99k, *RUI: Linking
Microbial Diversity to Carbon Metabolism in Peatlands of Canada and
Siberia*

0120435 Gaidos, Eric, University of Hawaii Manoa, \$98k, Biogeochemical
Cycles of Carbon and Nitrogen in an Ice-Covered Volcanic Crater Lake

# 

0120616 Levandowsky, Michael, Pace University, \$32k, *Development of a
Biocomplexity Research Program for the Analysis of Ecosystem Structure
and Dynamics in Urban Salt Marshes*

# 

0120582 Furbish, David, Florida State University, \$67k, *An integrated
approach towards a quantitative model of salt marsh*

0120735 Holben, William, University of Montana, \$100k, *Life in the
Pit: Unique Biogeochemical Cycling in Highly Stratified, Metal Rich,
Aquatic Environments*

0121045 McKee, Brent, Tulane University, \$131k, *River-Dominated Ocean
Margins: Workshop*

0129162 Hedin, Lars, Princeton University, \$83k, *Linking Ecological
Biology and Geosciences Workshop*

0106060 Feary, David, National Academy of Sciences, \$149k, *Geologic
Record of Biosphere Dynamics: Assessment*

### Genome-Enabled Science and Engineering

0120728 Bier, Ethan, University of California-San Diego, \$1.4m, *In
situ visualization of Drosophila transcriptome*

0120591 Bode, Hans, University of California at Irvine, \$1.3m, *The
Cnidarian Genetic Toolkit*

0120648 Cary, S. Craig, University of Delaware, \$1.3m, *Meta-genome
analysis of extreme microbial symbiosis*

0120635 Cunningham, Clifford, Duke University, \$1.3m, *Deep arthropod
phylogeny*

0120646 Halanych, Kenneth, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, \$1.3m,
*Reconstructing early evolution of Annelid worms*

0120709 Jansen, Robert, University of Texas at Austin, \$1.3m,
*Comparative Chloroplast Genomics*

0120677 Taylor, Ronald, Dartmouth College, \$1.3m, *Phenotypic
plasticity in an aquatic bacterium*

0120718 Whiting, Michael, Brigham Young University, \$1.3m, *Hexapods,
Phylogenetic Supercomputing*

### Instrumentation Development for Environmental Activities

0119903 Parlange, Marc, Johns Hopkins University, \$2.5m,
*Instrumentation to Measure the Emission and Transport of Biological
Aerosols into the Atmosphere: Linking Across Scales from Microns to
Kilometers*

0119988 Price, Buford, University of California at Berkeley, \$135k,
*Construction and Operation of Biospectrologger in a Borehole in Polar
Ice*

0119578 Platnik, Norman, American Museum of Natural History, \$800k, *A
Neural Network Based Automated Identification System for Biological
Species*

0119915 Olson, Robert, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, \$1.7m,
*BIOCOMPLEXITY (IDEA): In Situ Measurement of Marine Microbes to
Investigate Mechanisms of Community Structure Regulation*

0119999 Booksh, Karl, Arizona State University, *Smart Sensors for In
Situ Monitoring of Hydrothermal Vent Systems*

0119995 Lamb, Brian, Washington State University, \$1.9m, *Development
of Instrumentation for Measurement of Biosphere-Atmosphere fluxes of
Carbon and Nitrogen*

0119933 Van Geen, Alexander, Columbia University Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory, \$100k, *Biocomplexity IDEA: Portable devices to map the
distribution of arsenic in Bangladesh groundwater & the relation to
sediment structure*

0120000 Crosley, David, SRI International, *Teaming to Enable University
Research on Hazardous Emissions Through New Instrumentation and Student
Internships*

# 

0120007 Higgins, Steven, University of Wyoming, \$91k, *Exploratory
Research: Complementary Development of New Chemical Sensor and Probe
Microscopy Techniques for Environmental Research in Hydrothermal
Ecosystems*

# 

0119972 Jawitz, James, University of Illinois at Chicago, \$95k,
*In-Situ Quantification of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Mass Flux and
Intrinsic Remediation Using Fiber Optic Biosensors*

# 

# 0119672 Poliakoff, Erwin, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, \$100k, *In Situ X-ray Probes of Surface-Mediated Pollutant Formation*

# 

# 0119793 Hansen, Anthony, Magee Scientific Company, *Solar/Wind Powered Instrumentation Module Development for Polar Environmental Research*

# 

0120438 Thomas, Valerie, Princeton University, \$96k, *Reinventing the
Use of Materials: Workshop*

0122257 Linn, Anne, National Academy of Sciences, \$30k, *Materials Flow
Accounting of Natural Resources: Workshop*

[^1]: Gary Taghon, [Biocomplexity: The Roles of Resources, Competition,
    and Predation in Microbial Degradation of Organic
    Matter]{.underline}, OCE 01-20453.

[^2]: Jan Salick, [Intellectual Imperatives in Ethnobiology: Research,
    methodology, analyses, education, and funding for a rapidly
    expanding field]{.underline}, INT 01-19877.

[^3]: Jack **Stanford,** **[Biocomplexity-Dynamic Controls on Emergent
    Properties of River Flood Plains]{.underline}**, EAR
    **01**-**20523**.

[^4]: David Campbell, [Climate and Land Use Change Processes in East
    Africa]{.underline}, INT 01-19821.

[^5]: Steven Higgins, [Exploratory Research: Complementary Development
    of New Chemical Sensor and Probe Microscopy Techniques for
    Environmental Research in Hydrothermal Ecosystems]{.underline}, DMR
    01-20007.

[^6]: James Ellis, James, [Biocomplexity, Spatial Scale and
    Fragmentation: Implications for Arid and Semi-arid
    Ecosystems]{.underline}, DEB 01-19618.

[^7]: Marina Ratchford, [Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential Human Needs:
    Developing an Interdisciplinary Research Agenda in the Plata
    Basin]{.underline}, INT 01-19961.

[^8]: Ronald Taylor, [Phenotypic plasticity in an aquatic
    bacterium]{.underline}, OCE 01-20677.

[^9]: Henry Huntington, [Human Dimensions of the Arctic System: A
    workshop to stimulate research on the dynamics of coupled natural
    and human systems]{.underline}, OPP 01-19798.

[^10]:
    # David McGinnis, Modeling biocomplexity and socio-economic decision-making under uncertainty in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem:A proposal to develop an interdisciplinary team, DEB 01-19938.

[^11]: Teofilo Abrajano, [Biocomplexity:Coupled Biogeochemical Cycling
    of Sulfur and Carbon in Anoxgenic Acidic Sulfidic Thermal Springs
    (AASTS)in Relation to Microbial Composition of Phototrophic
    Mats]{.underline}, MCB 01-20594.

[^12]: Alan Hastings, [Dynamics of an Invasive Non-Native Species and
    its Biological, Physical, and Human Impacts: Spartina Alterniflora
    on the Pacific Coast]{.underline}, DEB 00-83583.

[^13]: Marina Alberti, [Modeling the Interactions Between Urban
    Development, Land Cover Change, and Bird Diversity]{.underline}, BCS
    01-20024.

[^14]: Herbert Mascher, Herbert, [Agent-Based Modeling of Bering Sea
    Biocomplexity: Long-term Ecological Effects of Human-Salmon
    Interactions]{.underline}, BCS 01-19743.

[^15]: John Beier, [Anopheline Mosquito Adaptation to Urban
    Environments]{.underline}*,* DEB 00-83602.

[^16]: Donald Phllips, [Coupling Rhizosphere Biogeochemical Cycles to
    Plant Growth under Differing Levels of Carbon Dioxide]{.underline},
    DEB 01-20169.

[^17]: Pedro Verdugo, [Biogeochemistry and Polymer Physics of Seawater
    Gels: A New Paradigm for the Microbial Loop and Global Element
    Cycles]{.underline}, BES 01-20579.

[^18]: Marc Parlange, [Instrumentation to Measure the Emission and
    Transport of Biological Aerosols into the Atmosphere: Linking Across
    Scales from Microns to Kilometers]{.underline}, BES 01-19903.

[^19]: Mahmoud El-Halwagi, [Impact of Industrial Products and Processes
    on Biocomplexity - A Multidisciplinary Approach with Applications to
    Fiber Products and Processes]{.underline}, DMI 00-84102.

[^20]: Diana Wall, [International Biocomplexity Observation Year
    Workshops]{.underline}, DEB 01-22141.

[^21]: Anne Linn, [Materials Flow Accounting of Natural Resources:
    Workshop]{.underline}, EAR 01-22257.

[^22]: Frances Sharples, [Facilitating Education in Environmental
    Research: Workshop]{.underline}, DUE 01-26403.

[^23]: David Crosley, [Teaming to Enable University Research on
    Hazardous Emissions Through New Instrumentation and Student
    Internships]{.underline}, CTS 01-20000.

[^24]: Michael Whiting, [Biocomplexity: Hexapod Phylogenomics - Bringing
    Phylogenetic Supercomputing to\
    the Masses]{.underline}, DEB 01-20718.

[^25]: Mark Harmon, [Examining Emergent Behaviors of Landscapes Using an
    Integrated Process-based Perspective]{.underline}, DEB 00-83452.

[^26]: Richard Norgaard, [Responding to the Challenges of Human-Natural
    System Complexity through Assuring the Quality of Models, Improving
    the Presentation of Findings, and Designing New
    Institutions]{.underline}, SES 01-19875.