July 22, 1994

Contract \# TW0592

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02200-S

[EARTHWORK]{.underline}

Page

[PART 1 - GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 Description Of Work 2

1.02 Quality Assurance 2

1.03 Job Conditions 2

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Soils Materials 3

2.02 Misc. Materials 4

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Excavation 5

3.02 Compaction 7

3.03 Backfill And Fill 7

3.04 Grading: 9

3.05 Building Slab Drainage Course 9

3.06 Maintenance 9

3.07 Disposal Of Excess And Waste Materials 10

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02200-S

[EARTHWORK]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. [Earthwork includes]{.underline}, but is not limited to, clearing,
grading excavating, filling, backfilling and compacting of soils as
necessary to accomplish finished construction as indicated on the
drawings.

B. [Excavation for Mechanical/Electrical Work]{.underline}: Excavation
and backfill required in conjunction with underground mechanical and
electrical utilities, and buried mechanical and electrical appurtenances
is included as work of this section.

## 1.02 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

[Testing and Inspection Service]{.underline}: Sandia will engage a soil
testing and inspection service, for quality control testing during
earthwork operations. Should initial tests indicate noncompliance with
this specification, the Contractor shall make corrections as directed.
All subsequent testing required to determine compliance with this
specification shall be performed by an approved testing laboratory at
the Contractor\'s expense. The Contractor shall notify the Sandia
Contracting Representative (SCR) two days in advance when soil testing
will be required.

## 1.03 [JOB CONDITIONS]{.underline}

A. [Existing Utilities]{.underline}: Locate existing underground
utilities in areas of work. If utilities are to remain in place, provide
adequate means of support and protection during earthwork operations.

1\. Should uncharted, or incorrectly charted, piping or other utilities
be encountered during excavation, report it in writing to the Sandia
Contracting Representative (SCR).

2\. Do not interrupt existing utilities without following the standard
Plant Engineering procedures for utility outages. Provide a minimum of
two weeks\' notice to the Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) and
await notice to proceed before interrupting any utility.

B. [Use of Explosives]{.underline}: The use of explosives is not
permitted.

C. [Protection of Persons and Property]{.underline}: Barricade open
excavations occurring as part of this work and post with warning lights.
Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other
facilities from damages caused by settlement, lateral movement,
undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

D. [Street Crossings]{.underline}: Excavations shall be conducted in a
manner to cause the least interruption to traffic. Steel plates (1/2\" x
4\' x 10\') will be supplied by Sandia upon request to place over an
open trench for a traffic crossing. Maintain half the width of the
street open at all times unless prior approval from the SCR has been
given to close the street. Requests to close a street must be presented
in writing to the SCR at least two weeks prior to the requested closing
date.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 [SOILS MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Unless otherwise noted on the contract
documents, the existing site soils shall be used for fill and backfill
materials. If the on-site soils are found by laboratory test to be
unsuitable for fill and backfill material, this will constitute a
differing site condition and will be handled in accordance with the
differing site conditions provisions given in Section II of the
Contract. Any additional fill material used must conform with paragraph
2.01B. All structural fill placed under the building slab shall meet the
requirements of Article 2.01, Paragraph B.

B. [Structural Fill]{.underline}:

1\. [General]{.underline}: Structural fill shall consist of a controlled
fill constructed in areas indicated on the drawings.

2\. [Materials]{.underline}: Structural fill material shall consist of
soils that conform to the following physical characteristics.

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Weight]{.underline}

3 inch 100

No. 4 50-100

No. 200 10-45

3\. The plasticity index of the material, as determined in accordance
with ASTM D4318 , shall not exceed 12 .

4\. The fill material shall be free from roots, grass, other vegetable
matter, clay lumps, rocks larger than 3 \", or other deleterious
materials.

C. [Retaining Wall Backfill]{.underline}:

1\. Retaining wall backfill material shall be free-draining and conform
to fill quality requirements as follows:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

3/4 inch 100

No. 4 30-80

No. 200 0-5

2\. The material should have a plasticity index of less than 5 when
tested in accordance with ASTM D423 and D424.

D. [Granular Base]{.underline}:

1\. Granular base for slabs and footings shall meet the following
grading requirements as determined in accordance with ASTM C136.

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

1 inch 100

3/4 inch 85 - 100

No. 4 45 - 95

No. 200 0 - 8

2\. The granular base shall have a plasticity index of no greater than 3
when tested in accordance with ASTM D4318 The coarse aggregate shall
have a percent of wear, when subjected to the Los Angeles abrasion test
(ASTM) C131), of no greater than 50.

## 2.02 [MISC. MATERIALS]{.underline}

[Utility Identification Tape]{.underline}: Polyethylene plastic sheet,
nominally 6\" wide, in bright contrasting colors with 1\" minimum black
lettering as indicated.

A. [Color Codes]{.underline}:

Electric -Yellow

Gas -Orange

Water -Blue

Steam -Yellow

Sewer -Red

Telephone -Green

B. [Text]{.underline}: The lettering shall be repeated continuously for
the full length of the tape as follows:

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION

BURIED (Utility Type) LINE BELOW

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 [EXCAVATION]{.underline}

A. [Unauthorized excavation]{.underline} consists of removal of
materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or dimensions without
specific direction of the SCR. Unauthorized excavation, as well as
remedial work directed by the SCR, shall be at Contractor\'s expense.

1\. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill
unauthorized excavation by extending indicated bottom elevation of
footing or base to excavation bottom, without altering required top
elevation. Concrete fill (2000 psi min.) may be used to bring elevations
to proper position, where acceptable to the SCR.

2\. Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as
specified for authorized excavations of same classifications, unless
otherwise directed by the SCR.

B. [Additional Excavation]{.underline}: When excavation has reached
required subgrade elevations, notify the SDR who will make an inspection
of conditions.

1\. If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required subgrade
elevations, the situation will be considered and handled in accordance
with the differing site conditions provisions given in Section II of the
contract.

2\. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will
be paid on basis of contract conditions relative to changes in work.

C. [Stability of Excavations]{.underline}: Slope sides of excavations
where possible. Shore and brace where sloping is not possible because of
space restrictions or stability of material excavated. Maintain sides
and slopes of excavations in safe condition until completion of
backfilling.

1\. Shore all vertical cuts greater than five (5) feet in depth.

2\. Shore all trenches across streets that continue to carry traffic
over steel plates.

3\. To maintain stability and minimize erosion, cut slopes greater than
4 feet in depth should be designed and constructed at maximum slopes of
1-1/2:1 (horizontal to vertical). No surcharge loads should be applied
within 20 feet of the top of slope. All trench excavation procedures
should adhere to local, state, and federal regulations including those
established by OSHA.

D. [Dewatering]{.underline}: Prevent surface water and subsurface or
ground water from flowing into excavations and from flooding project
site and surrounding area. Remove water to prevent softening of
foundation bottoms, undercutting footings, and soil changes detrimental
to stability of subgrades and foundations.

E. [Material Storage]{.underline}: Stockpile satisfactory excavated
materials where directed, until required for backfill or fill. Place,
grade, and shape stockpiles for proper drainage. Locate and retain soil
materials a minimum of 2 feet away from edge of excavations, and a
minimum 5 feet away from existing structures. Dispose of excess soil
material and waste materials as herein specified.

F. [Excavation for Structures]{.underline}:

1\. Conform to elevations and dimensions shown within a tolerance of
plus or minus 0.10\', and extending a sufficient distance from footings
and foundations to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork,
installation of service, other construction, and for inspection.

3\. The building area shall be overexcavated to such an extent as to
provide for a minimum of 3 feet of structural fill beneath all
foundations and floor slabs. Overexcavation shall extend laterally a
minimum distance of 5 feet beyond the footing perimeters.

4\. The exposed cut surface, as well as surfaces to receive fill, shall
be scarified to a minimum depth of 12 inches and watered as necessary to
bring the upper 8 inches to within 2 percent of optimum moisture
content. The upper 8 inches of the native soils shall then be compacted
to a minimum of 95 percent of maximum dry density as determined in
accordance with ASTM D1557.

Where vibratory compaction equipment is used, it shall be the
contractor's responsibility to insure that the vibrations do not damage
nearby buildings or other adjacent property.

G. [Excavation for Pavements]{.underline}: Cut surface under pavements
to comply with cross-sections, elevations and grades as shown.

1\. Paved areas shall be overexcavated to such an extent so as to
provide a minimum of 1 foot of structural fill beneath all pavements;
however, provided that the existing subgrade soils meet the physical
characteristics for structural fill, only scarification and compaction
to the requirements of Article 3.02, Paragraph B, Subparagraph 1 will be
necessary.

H. [Excavation for Trenches:]{.underline}

1\. Dig trenches to the uniform width required for particular item to be
installed, sufficiently wide to provide ample working room. Provide 6\"
to 9\" clearance on both sides of pipe or conduit.

2\. Excavate trenches to depth indicated or required. Carry depth of
trenches for piping to establish indicated flow lines and invert
elevations.

3\. Where rock is encountered, carry excavation 6\" below specified
elevation and backfill with a 6\" layer of crushed stone or gravel prior
to pipe installation.

4\. Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated, notching under pipe bells to
provide solid bearing for entire body of pipe.

5\. Backfill trenches with concrete where trench excavations pass within
18\" of column or wall footings and which are carried below bottom of
such footings, or which pass under wall footings. Place concrete to
level of bottom of adjacent footing.

6\. Do not backfill trenches until tests and inspections have been made
and backfilling authorized by the SDR. Use care in backfilling to avoid
damage or displacement of pipe systems.

I. [Cold Weather Protection]{.underline}: Protect excavation bottoms
against freezing when atmospheric temperature is less than 35 degrees F.
(1 degree C).

## 3.02 [COMPACTION]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Control soil compaction during construction,
providing minimum percentage of density specified for each area
classification indicated below.

B. [Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements]{.underline}: Compact
soil to not less than the following percentages of maximum density for
soils which exhibit a well-defined moisture-density relationship
(cohesive soils) determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557; and not less
than the following percentages of relative density, determined in
accordance with ASTM D 2049, for soils which will not exhibit a
well-defined moisture-density relationship (cohesionless soils).

1\. [Structures, Building Slabs and Steps, Pavements]{.underline}: Fill
shall be spread in layers not exceeding 8 inches, watered as necessary,
and compacted. Moisture content at the time of compaction shall be
within 2 percent of optimum moisture. A density of not less than 95
percent of maximum dry density shall be obtained for the structural
fill.

2\. [Lawn or Unpaved Areas:]{.underline} Compact top 6\" of subgrade and
each layer of backfill or fill material at 85% maximum density for
clayey soils (more than 35% passing No. 200 sieve) and 90% relative
density for all other soils.

3\. [Walkways]{.underline}: Compact top 6\" of subgrade and each layer
of backfill or fill material at 90% maximum density for clayey material
or 95% relative density for all other material.

C. [Moisture Control]{.underline}: Where subgrade or layer of soil
material must be moisture conditioned before compaction, uniformly apply
water to surface of subgrade, or layer of soil material, to prevent free
water appearing on surface during or subsequent to compaction
operations. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material
that is too wet to permit compaction to specified density.

## 3.03 [BACKFILL AND FILL]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Place acceptable soil material in layers to
required subgrade elevations, for each area classification listed below:

1\. [In excavations]{.underline}, use satisfactory excavated or borrow
material.

2\. [Under building slabs]{.underline}, use granular base material.

3\. [Behind retaining walls]{.underline}, use retaining wall backfill
material.

B. [Backfill excavation]{.underline} as promptly as work permits, but
not until completion of the following:

1\. Acceptance of construction below finish grade including, where
applicable, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2\. Inspection, testing, approval, and recording locations of
underground utilities.

3\. Removal of concrete formwork.

4\. Removal of shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids with
satisfactory materials.

5\. Removal of trash and debris.

C. [Ground Surface Preparation]{.underline}: Remove vegetation, debris,
unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials
from ground surface prior to placement of fills. Plow, strip, or
break-up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so that
fill material will bond with existing surface.

D. [Placement and Compaction]{.underline}:

1\. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 8\" in
loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and
not more than 6\" loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated
tampers.

2\. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to
provide optimum moisture content. Compact each layer to required
percentage of maximum dry density or relative dry density for each area
classification. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that
are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

3\. Place backfill and fill materials evenly adjacent to structures,
piping or conduit to required elevations. Take care to prevent wedging
action of backfill against structures or displacement of piping or
conduit by carrying material uniformly around structure, piping or
conduit to approximately same elevation in each lift.

E. [Backfill at Utility Trenches]{.underline}: Install continuous
utility identification tape at all utility trenches as they are
backfilled. Locate the tape approximately 1 foot above the utility line,
but not less than one foot below grade. Install it directly above and
parallel to the utility line with the printed side up. Take necessary
precautions to avoid distorting or misplacing the tape as backfill
continues.

F. [Weather Limitations]{.underline}: Controlled fill shall not be
constructed when the atmospheric temperature is below 35 degrees F. When
the temperature falls below 35 degrees, it shall be the responsibility
of the contractor to protect all areas of completed work against the
detrimental effects of ground freezing by methods approved by the
geotechnical engineer. Any areas that are damaged by freezing shall be
reconditioned, reshaped, and compacted by the contractor in conformance
with the requirements of this specification without additional cost to
the owner.

## 3.04 [GRADING]{.underline}:

A. [General]{.underline}: Uniformly grade areas within limits of grading
under this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished
surfaces within specified tolerances, compact with uniform levels or
slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between such
points and existing grades.

B. [Grading Outside Building Lines]{.underline}:

1\. Grade areas adjacent to building lines to drain away from structures
and to prevent ponding.

2\. Finish surfaces free from irregular surface changes and as follows:

[Lawn or Unpaved Areas]{.underline}: Finish areas to receive topsoil to
within not more than 0.10\' above or below required subgrade elevations.

[Walks]{.underline}: Shape surface of areas under walks to line, grade
and cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2\" above or
below required subgrade elevation.

[Pavements]{.underline}: Shape surface of areas under pavement to line,
grade and cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2\" above
or below required subgrade elevation.

C. [Grading Surface of Fill Under Building Slabs]{.underline}: Grade
smooth and even, free of voids, compacted as specified, and to required
elevation. Provide final grades within a tolerance of 1/2\" when tested
with a 10\' straightedge.

D. [Compaction]{.underline}: After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to
the depth and indicated percentage of maximum or relative density for
each area classification.

## 3.05 [BUILDING SLAB DRAINAGE COURSE]{.underline}

[General]{.underline}: Drainage course consists of placement of 6\"
thickness of granular base material over subgrade surface to support
concrete building slabs.

## 3.06 [MAINTENANCE]{.underline}

A. [Protection of Graded Areas]{.underline}: Protect newly graded areas
from traffic and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris. Repair and
re-establish grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to specified
tolerances.

B. [Reconditioning Compacted Areas]{.underline}: Where completed
compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or
adverse weather, scarify surface, re-shape, and compact to required
density prior to further construction.

C. [Settling]{.underline}: Where settling is measurable or observable at
excavated areas during general project warranty period, remove surface
(pavement, lawn or other finish), add backfill material, compact, and
replace surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of
surface or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of
restoration to greatest extent possible.

## 3.07 [DISPOSAL OF EXCESS AND WASTE MATERIALS]{.underline}

[Removal of Excess Materials]{.underline}: Transport excess excavated
material to designated soil storage areas on Kirtland Air Force Base.
Waste areas will generally be within one mile of project site. Stockpile
soil or spread as directed by the SDR.

END OF SECTION