3\. DATA ON Fires Following Northridge Earthquake

3.1 Introduction

This section describes our data collection procedure, and presents a
database of fires occurring as a result of the Northridge earthquake.
The database is termed **FFNRE** (**F**ires **F**ollowing the
**N**orth**R**idge **E**arthquake). The data is provided in hard-copy
form, as well as in an attached diskette (Excel worksheet), and is also
available on the Internet (at **www.eqe.com**).

3.2 Data

Data Collection Approach

Data on fires caused by the January 17 earthquake were collected by
contacting local fire departments and obtaining their records, and by
interviewing selected senior officers in several of the affected
departments. Approximately 110 fires were reported as earthquake-related
on January 17, as shown in Table 2-7. For Los Angeles City, Santa
Monica, Pasadena, Burbank, and Glendale, the number of fires is shown as
reported by each fire department\'s incident reports. These reports
reflect initial assessment of the probable cause, and may or may not
include all earthquake-related fires. Furthermore, what is counted as a
single incident report may involve multiple structures. Lastly, in the
case of mobile home parks, a single incident in some cases even involves
multiple ignitions, since several mobile home parks had several fires,
but were only listed as one incident, at one address.

The number of earthquake-related fires is only approximate for the
unincorporated areas in Los Angeles County due to the fact that not all
fires on January 17 were recorded in incident reports. The number of
earthquake-related fires in Table 2-7 for several of the smaller cities
in Los Angeles County, and for Ventura County were obtained through
telephone interview with the respective fire departments, and are
therefore preliminary. The locations of most Los Angeles County
earthquake-related fires are shown in Figure 4-1 (some outlying
locations have been excluded).

FFNRE Database

**Los Angeles Fire Department Field Incident Report Data**. The majority
of the data contained in our database is taken directly from the Field
Incident Reports (FIRs) logged on January 17, 1994, from 4:31 AM to
11:59 PM, by the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD). A total of 2177
incidents were reported on that day by the city fire department, a
portion of which were earthquake-related or fire-related. We have
retained all of these incident reports in our database, along with all
relevant data fields. Those data fields are described below.

A subset of reports covering earthquake-related fire incidents was
extracted from the all incident reports of January 17. Any fire that had
an ignition factor or a contributing factor related to the earthquake,
as specified by the incident report, was included in this list. The list
of 77 incident reports is shown in Table 3-1.

Incident Number (IKEY)

A unique number is assigned to each incident by the LAFD emergency
control center. The number contains six digits for the incident date
(year, month, day) followed by a four-digit incident number which is
assigned sequentially throughout the day.

Time of Alarm (AT)

This data field is the time that the initial assignment received the
dispatch from the emergency control center. Time is given in the 24 hour
clock that runs from midnight (hr.mi.ss) to 23.59.00 the following
night.

Time on Scene (SCNE_TIME)

This data field is the time that the first fire department unit arrived
on scene. Time is given in the 24 hour clock that runs from midnight
00.00.00 (hr.mi.ss) to 23.59.00 the following night.

Street Address (LOCATION)

The actual street address of the location of the incident or a
description of the location if an address is not available is given in
this data field.

Census Location (CEN_TRACT)

The seven-digit field specifies a six digit U.S. Census Tract number,
followed by a block group number which may be specified as zero if not
known.

Type of Incident (TYPE_INC)

This data field describes the broad category of incident dealt with. If
conditions change during the operation, the most serious situation
encountered is described for the incident. For example, if the first
arriving company found a fuel spill and it subsequently ignited, the
incident is recorded as a fire. The numeric codes entered in this data
field are described below.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **TYPE_INC**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  -------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK          870             INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO CLASSIFY

  2              43              ASSUME CODE 20: OVERPRESSURE RUPTURE

  3              1               RESCUE CALL

  4              3               HAZARDOUS CONDITION, STANDBY

  5              19              SERVICE CALL

  10             1               EXPLOSION WITH NO AFTER FIRE

  11             127             STRUCTURE FIRE

  12             5               MOBILE STRUCTURE FIRE

  13             1               FIRE IN MOBILE PROPERTY INSIDE STRUCTURE

  14             6               FIRE IN MOBILE PROPERTY OUTSIDE STRUCTURE

  15             4               GRASS FIRE

  16             7               RUBBISH FIRE

  17             5               OUTSIDE FIRE BURNING PROPERTY OF DEFINABLE
                                 VALUE

  18             1               BRUSH FIRE

  19             4               TREE FIRE

  31             68              EMERGENCY MEDICAL CALL, PARAMEDIC

  32             155             EMERGENCY MEDICAL CALL, EMT OR FIRST AID

  33             7               LOCK-IN

  35             27              PEOPLE TRAPPED/CAUGHT/BURIED

  39             5               OTHER RESCUE CALL

  40             2               HAZARDOUS CONDITION

  41             72              FLAMMABLE GAS/LIQUID LEAK OR SPILL

  42             10              TOXIC CONDITION, INCLD CHEMICAL SPILLS

  44             58              ELECTRICAL HAZARD: ARCING OR SHORTING

  46             41              VEHICLE ACCIDENT OR POTENTIAL ACCIDENT

  49             7               OTHER HAZARDOUS CONDITION

  51             10              PERSON(S) IN DISTRESS

  52             41              WATER PROBLEMS

  53             21              SMOKE, ODOR PROBLEM

  55             2               PUBLIC SERVICE/AGENCY ASSISTANCE (E.G., POLICE
                                 ASSIST)

  56             7               UNAUTHORIZED OR ILLEGAL BURNING

  59             5               OTHER SERVICE CALL

  60             1               GOOD INTENT CALL

  61             39              GOOD INTENT CALL CLEARED BY RADIO BEFORE
                                 ARRIVAL

  62             1               GOOD INTENT CALL WRONG LOCATION

  63             1               CONTROLLED BURNING

  64             9               MULTIPLE CALLS ON SAME INCIDENT

  65             35              SMOKE BY SMOKE, STEAM OR OTHER GAS

  66             35              EMS CALL WHERE INJURED PARTY LEFT SCENE

  69             6               OTHER GOOD INTENT CALL

  71             12              MALICIOUS FALSE CALL

  72             5               BOMB SCARE, NO EXPLOSION

  73             3               ALARM MALFUNCTION CAUSING FALSE ALARM

  74             201             UNINTENTIONAL FALSE ALARM

  75             26              CODE ERROR

  79             1               OTHER FALSE ALARM

  81             10              NATURAL DISASTER: EARTHQUAKE

  91             25              OTHER SITUATION

  92             52              OTHER SITUATION

  93             2               OTHER SITUATION

  94             26              OTHER SITUATION

  95             7               OTHER SITUATION

  96             39              OTHER SITUATION

  97             1               OTHER SITUATION

  99             5               OTHER SITUATION
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Property Use - General (USE_GEN)

This category describes the occupancy or use of the property and
includes property meeting all three of the following criteria:

1.  Located within a continuous boundary, and

2.  Operated under one business management or ownership.

3.  A single multi-use building or multiple buildings with a single use.

If more than one occupancy is present, the predominant type is specified
in this data field. The numeric codes entered in this data field are
described below.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **USE_GEN**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
  BLANK         914             NOT SPECIFIED

  0             1               NOT SPECIFIED

  2             1               NOT SPECIFIED

  12            1               STADIUM, EXHIBITION USE

  14            1               CLUB COMPLEX

  16            3               RESTAURANT, FOOD SERVICE

  17            1               PASSENGER TERMINAL

  21            10              PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

  22            1               POST SECONDARY EDUCATION

  31            8               CARE OF HANDICAPPED

  33            11              MEDICAL CARE

  34            2               PRISON

  35            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  36            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  41            398             ONE AND TWO FAMILY RESIDENCE

  42            355             APARTMENTS, CONDOS

  43            1               BOARDING HOUSE, DORMITORY, BARRACKS

  44            12              HOTELS, MOTELS, INNS

  47            2               MOBILE HOME PARK

  51            14              RETAIL AND SHOPPING CENTERS

  52            1               SERVICE CENTERS

  53            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  54            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  57            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  58            2               NOT SPECIFIED

  59            58              BUSINESS, OFFICE

  61            7               POWER, ENERGY PRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION

  62            1               RESEARCH FACILITY OR LABORATORY

  70            3               INDUSTRIAL OR MANUFACTURING

  74            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  79            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  80            1               STORAGE, WAREHOUSE

  81            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  86            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  88            7               NOT SPECIFIED

  89            1               NOT SPECIFIED

  92            9               WILDLAND, VACANT PROPERTY

  93            8               REFUSE DISPOSAL

  94            5               WATER, WATERFRONT AREA

  95            1               RAILROAD

  96            327             PUBLIC ROADWAYS

  97            1               AIR TRANSPORT USE
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agent Application Time (AGT_APT_T)

Agent application time is the time that extinguishing agents were first
applied to the fire. The time is expressed as a four-digit number, where
the first two digits are the hour (0 to 23) and the second two digits
are the minute (0 to 59).

Knock Down Time (KNK_OWN_T)

The knock down time is the time at which the fire is brought under
control. The time is expressed as a four-digit number, where the first
two digits are the hour (0 to 23) and the second two digits are the
minute (0 to 59).

Area of Origin (AREA_ORIG)

This data field describes the room or area where the fire originated.
The area of origin is either a room, an area or portion of a room, a
vehicle or a portion of a vehicle, or possible some open area devoted to
a specific use. The numeric codes used in this field are described
below.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **AREA_ORIG**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  --------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
  BLANK           1812            NOT SPECIFIED

  0               259             NOT SPECIFIED

  1               1               HALLWAY, CORRIDOR

  2               1               EXTERIOR STAIRWAY

  5               1               LOBBY, ENTRANCE OR EXIT

  14              10              LOUNGE OR LIVING AREA

  15              2               SALES, SHOWROOM AREA

  21              15              SLEEPING ROOM FOR \<5 PEOPLE

  22              1               SLEEPING ROOM FOR \>5 PEOPLE

  23              1               DINING AREA

  24              10              KITCHEN

  25              3               LAVATORY, LOCKER ROOM, CLOAKROOM

  26              1               LAUNDRY ROOM OR AREA

  27              1               OFFICE

  31              2               LABORATORY

  38              1               PROCESS, MANUFACTURING AREA

  41              2               STORAGE ROOM, AREA, TANK OR BIN

  42              1               CLOSET

  43              1               SUPPLY STORAGE ROOM OR AREA

  46              1               SHIPPING, RECEIVING, LOADING AREA

  47              10              GARAGE, CARPORT, VEHICLE STORAGE

  51              1               ELEVATOR OR DUMB-WAITER

  62              7               HEATING EQUIPMENT OR WATER HEATER AREA

  71              3               CRAWL SPACE

  73              2               CONCEALED SPACE BETWEEN FLOORS

  74              3               CONCEALED SPACE BETWEEN CEILING AND ROOF

  75              2               CONCEALED WALL SPACE

  76              3               EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE

  79              1               OTHER STRUCTURAL AREAS

  81              2               VEHICLE PASSENGER AREA

  83              2               VEHICLE ENGINE AREA

  84              1               VEHICLE FUEL AREA

  92              8               ON OR NEAR PUBLIC THROUGHFARE

  94              5               LAWN, FIELD, OPEN AREA

  99              1               OTHER AREA
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Form of Heat of Ignition (FORM_IGN)

This field describes the form of the heat which started the fire, as
near as can be determined. The form the heat of ignition takes can be an
open flame, a hot surface, an arc or spark, or some other form.

The numeric codes used to describe this data field are given below.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FORM_IGN**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  -------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK          1812            NOT SPECIFIED

  0              269             NOT SPECIFIED

  14             13              FLAME, SPARK, EMBER FROM GAS FUELED SOURCE

  15             2               HEAT RADIATED FROM GAS FUELED SOURCE

  17             2               HEAT RADIATED FROM FLAMMABLE LIQUID SOURCE

  21             2               FLAME, SPARK, EMBER FROM WOOD OR PAPER FUEL
                                 SOURCE

  25             1               FLAME, SPARK, EMBER FROM SOLID FUEL SOURCE

  30             2               HEAT FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ARCING,
                                 OVERLOADING

  32             7               SHORT CIRCUIT, ARC FROM MECHANICAL DAMAGE

  33             13              SHORT CIRCUIT, ARC FROM DEFECTIVE INSULATION

  34             5               UNSPECIFIED SHORT CIRCUIT

  35             3               ARC FROM FAULTY CONTACT, BROKEN POWERLINE

  36             6               ARC, SPARK FROM NORMAL EQUIPMENT OPERATION

  37             1               HEAT FROM OVERLOADED EQUIPMENT

  39             1               HEAD FROM OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

  41             1               FRICTION HEAT OR SPARKS

  43             1               HOT EMBER, ASH

  44             4               ELECTRIC LAMP

  45             5               REKINDLE, REIGNITION

  46             5               HEAT FROM NORMAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
                                 OPERATION

  48             1               CATALYTIC CONVERTER EXHAUST SYSTEM

  49             1               HEAT FROM OTHER HOT OBJECTS

  56             1               INCENDIARY DEVICES

  65             10              MATCH, LIGHTER

  68             1               BACKFIRE FROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

  72             2               SPONTANEOUS IGNITION, CHEMICAL REACTION

  81             5               HEAT FROM DIRECT FLAME, CONVECTION CURRENTS

  92             1               OTHER FORM OF HEAT
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ignition Factor (IGN_FACT)

This data field describes whether an act or lack of action on the part
of a person or group of persons appears to have caused the fire to
start. Ignition factors are not only accidental or deliberate acts,
misuse or neglect of equipment, but also design, construction and
installation failures.

The numeric codes that are entered in this data field are described
below.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **IGN_FACT**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  -------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK          1812            NOT SPECIFIED

  0              244             NOT SPECIFIED

  11             1               INCENDIARY ACT BY KNOW PERSON

  15             8               INCENDIARY ACT BY PERSON(S) UNKNOWN

  27             1               SUSPICIOUS ACT, PERSONS UNKNOWN

  35             2               HEAD SOURCE TOO CLOSE TO COMBUSTIBLES

  36             1               CHILDREN PLAYING WITH HEAT SOURCES

  46             1               COMBUSTIBLE PLACED TOO CLOSE TO HEAT SOURCE

  53             15              SHORT CIRCUIT, GROUND FAULT

  54             9               OTHER PART FAILURE, LEAK, BREAK

  55             1               OTHER ELECTRICAL FAILURE

  58             2               WIRES DOWN

  62             1               CONSTRUCTION DEFICIENCY

  63             1               ITEM CONSTRUCTED TOO CLOSE TO COMBUSTIBLES

  66             1               NOT SPECIFIED

  71             1               COLLISION, OVERTURN, KNOCKDOWN

  73             1               EQUIPMENT UNATTENDED

  82             64              EARTHQUAKE CAUSED UNSAFE FACTOR

  83             1               HIGH WATER, FLOODS CAUSED UNSAFE FACTOR

  92             10              OTHER FACTOR REKINDLED FROM PREVIOUS FIRE
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contributing Factor 1 (CONTRIB_1)

This data field describes other factors not reported in other fields
that had bearing on ignition, fire or smoke spread, incident complexity
or the existence of hazardous conditions.

The numeric codes used and their descriptions are given below.

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **CONTRIB_1**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  --------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------
  BLANK           2102            NOT SPECIFIED

  202             1               UNDIVIDED ATTIC

  206             1               CEILING COLLAPSE

  230             2               INSTALLATION DEFICIENCY

  300             2               NOT SPECIFIED

  302             2               CARELESS ACT

  332             6               NOT SPECIFIED

  336             1               NOT SPECIFIED

  348             1               VANDALISM

  399             1               OTHER ACTS OR OMISSIONS

  480             3               STORAGE (POOR PRACTICE)

  714             1               MALFUNCTION OF ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL
                                  EQUIPMENT

  716             4               OVERHEATING OR ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL
                                  EQUIPMENT

  720             5               RUPTURE OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

  724             7               SHORT CIRCUIT OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

  804             38              EARTHQUAKE
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contributing Factor 2 (CONTRIB_2)

This data field describes other factors not reported in other fields
that had bearing on ignition, fire or smoke spread, incident complexity
or the existence of hazardous conditions. This field is completed only
for fires that spread.

The numeric codes used and their descriptions are given below.

  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------------------------
  **CONTRIB_2**     **FREQUENCY**     **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK             2161              NOT SPECIFIED

  223               1                 FLOOR COLLAPSE

  260               1                 WALL COMBUSTIBLE

  302               2                 CARELESS ACT

  330               1                 MAINTENANCE INADEQUATE

  524               1                 DELAY IN DETECTION OF FIRE

  804               10                EARTHQUAKE
  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------------------------

Material Type First Ignited (TYPE_MAT)

This data field describes the type of material first ignited that had
sufficient volume or heat intensity to extend to uncontrolled or self
perpetuating fire. The numeric codes that are used in this data field
are described below.

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **TYPE_MAT**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  -------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------
  BLANK          1812            NOT SPECIFIED

  0              287             NOT SPECIFIED

  1              1               GRASS

  5              1               LIVE TREE, BRUSH

  11             13              NATURAL GAS

  14             1               L.P. - GAS

  15             1               ANESTHETIC GAS

  23             3               GASOLINE

  25             1               CLASS II COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID

  39             1               OTHER VOLATILE SOLID, CHEMICAL

  41             1               RIGID PLASTIC

  43             8               FLEXIBLE PLASTIC

  62             8               WOOD

  63             8               SAWN WOOD

  66             1               FIBERBOARD

  67             1               PAPER, UNTREATED, UNCOATED

  69             1               OTHER WOOD OR PAPER

  71             7               MANMADE FABRIC OR FIBER EXCEPT RAYON

  72             10              COTTON OR RAYON FABRIC

  77             2               PLASTIC OR VINYL FABRIC, UPHOLSTERY

  93             6               RUBBISH

  99             3               OTHER MATERIAL
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

Form of Material First Ignited (FORM_MAT)

This data field describes the shape and function of the material first
ignited. The numeric codes used in this data field are described below.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FORM_MAT**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  -------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
  BLANK          1812            NOT SPECIFIED

  0              285             NOT SPECIFIED

  11             2               EXTERIOR ROOF COVERING

  12             3               EXTERIOR SIDEWALL COVERING

  13             1               EXTERIOR TRIM, APPURTENANCES

  14             2               FLOOR COVERING

  15             1               INTERIOR WALL COVERING

  17             9               STRUCTURAL MEMBER

  19             1               OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENT

  21             4               UPHOLSTERED SOFA, CHAIR, SEAT

  23             2               CABINETRY

  26             1               KITCHEN, HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS

  31             1               MATTRESS, PILLOW

  32             9               BEDDING, BLANKET, SHEET, HEATING PAD

  34             1               WEARING APPAREL NOT ON PERSON

  41             2               CHRISTMAS TREE

  44             1               MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, WRITING PAPER

  50             1               OTHER SUPPLIES, STOCK

  61             10              ELECTRICAL WIRE, CABLE INSULATION

  62             1               TRANSFORMER

  65             11              FUEL, GAS TANK

  72             1               FENCE, POLE, POWER POLES

  74             3               GROWING, LIVING FORM

  75             5               RUBBISH OR WASTE

  79             1               GENERAL FORM

  86             6               GAS OR LIQUID ON OR FROM PIPE OR CONTAINER

  99             1               OTHER FORM
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Equipment Involved in Ignition (EQUIP_TYPE)

This data field describes the type of equipment that fails or brings
about the ignition while operating normally. The numeric codes used in
this data field are described below.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **EQUIP_TYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ---------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------
  BLANK            2044            NOT SPECIFIED

  1                1               ROAD TRANSPORT VEHICLES

  12               3               WATER HEATER

  13               2               FIXED, STATIONARY LOCAL HEATING UNIT

  22               1               FIXED, STATIONARY OVEN

  41               1               FIXED WIRING

  43               1               METER, METER BOX

  45               1               SWITCH, RECEPTACLE, OUTLET

  46               2               LIGHTING FIXTURE, LAMPHOLDER, BALLAST, SIGN

  58               1               PORTABLE APPLIANCE DESIGNED TO PRODUCE HEAT

  59               1               OTHER APPLIANCE

  98               119             NO EQUIPMENT INVOLVED
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mobile Property Type (MOB_TYPE)

This data field identifies the type of mobile property involved in the
incident report. This numeric codes used for this field are described
below.

  ---------------- ---------------- -------------------------------------
  **MOB_TYPE**     **FREQUENCY**    **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK            2166             NOT SPECIFIED

  11               4                AUTOMOBILE

  14               1                MOTOR HOME

  17               4                MOBILE HOME

  21               1                GENERAL USE TRUCKS \>1 TON

  22               1                GENERAL USE TRUCKS \<1 TON
  ---------------- ---------------- -------------------------------------

Mobile Property Make (MOB_MAKE)

This data field identifies the name of the manufacturer of the mobile
property involved in the incident report. This numberic codes used for
this field are described below.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **MOB_MAKE**       **FREQUENCY**      **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------------ ------------------ ----------------------------------
  BLANK              2171               NOT SPECIFIED

  CHEV               1                  CHEVROLET AUTOMOBILE

  ESCP               1                  EXCAPADE MOTOR HOME

  FORD               2                  FORD AUTOMOBILE

  TOYO               1                  TOYOTA AUTOMOBILE

  UNK                1                  UNKNOWN
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Form of Material Causing Spread (FORM_MSPRD)

This field describes the shape and function of the material that causes
the fire to spread. The numeric codes used in this data field are
described below.

  ---------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
  **FORM_MSPRD**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK            2138            NOT SPECIFIED

  0                4               NOT SPECIFIED

  11               4               EXTERIOR ROOF COVERING

  12               3               EXTERIOR SIDEWAL COVERING

  14               1               FLOOR COVERING

  15               4               INTERIOR WALL COVERING

  17               5               STRUCTURAL MEMBER

  21               1               UPHOLSTERED SOFA, CHAIR, SEAT

  26               1               KITCHEN, HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS

  32               1               BEDDING, BLANKET, SHEET

  34               1               WEARING APPAREL NOT ON PERSON

  44               1               MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, WRITING PAPER

  51               1               BAOX, CARTON, BAG

  61               1               ELECTRICAL WIRE, CABLE INSULATION

  65               1               FUEL, GAS TANK

  66               1               PAIP, DUCT, CONDUIT, HOSE

  75               1               RUBBISH, WASTE

  77               1               SIGN

  80               1               OTHER SPECIAL FORM

  86               1               GAS OR LIQUID ON OR FROM PIPE OR CONTAINER

  96               1               NOT SPECIFIED

  97               1               MULTIPLE FORM OF MATERIAL IGNITED

  98               1               FORM NOT APPLICABLE

  99               2               OTHER FORM
  ---------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------

Type of Material Causing Spread (TYPE_MSPRD)

This data field describes the type of material that causes the fire to
spread. The numeric codes used in this data field are described below.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **TYPE_MSPRD**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ---------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
  BLANK            2138            NOT SPECIFIED

  0                4               NOT SPECIFIED

  11               7               NATURAL GAS

  25               1               CLASS II COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID

  36               1               COMBUSTIBLE METAL

  39               1               OTHER VOLATILE SOLID, CHEMICAL

  43               1               FLEXIBLE PLASTIC

  63               11              SAWN WOOD

  65               2               HARDBOARD, PLYWOOD

  67               1               PAPER, UNCOATED

  68               1               CARDBOARD

  69               2               OTHER WOOD, PAPER

  72               2               COTTON, RAYON FABRIC

  93               1               RUBBISH

  97               1               MULTIPLE TYPES OF MATERIAL

  98               1               TYPE OF MATERIAL NOT APPLICABLE

  99               2               OTHER MATERIAL TYPE
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flame Travel Factor (TRVL_FACT)

This data field describes the primary factor in rapid or intense flame
spread beyond the room or area of origin. The numeric codes used in this
data field are described below.

  --------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------------
  **TRVL_FACT**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK           2170            NOT SPECIFIED

  20              1               INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO CLASSIFY

  22              1               INADEQUATE FIRESTOPPING

  29              1               OTHER STRUCTURAL FACTOR ALLOWING VERTICAL SPREAD

  42              1               CONVEYOR OR OTHER MATERIAL HANDLER

  44              1               WIND

  79              1               UNCLASSIFIED NATURAL ACT

  98              1               NO IMPORTANT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE
  --------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------------

Avenue of Fire Spread (AVE_FIRE)

This data field indicates the most significant avenue of fire spread.
The numeric codes used in this data field are described below.

  ------------------ ------------------ ----------------------------------
  **AVE_FIRE**       **FREQUENCY**      **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK              2167               NOT SPECIFIED

  1                  4                  CEILING OR ATTIC SPACE

  2                  1                  EXTERIOR OF BUILDING

  7                  4                  HORIZONTAL OPENINGS

  9                  1                  UNCLASSIFIED
  ------------------ ------------------ ----------------------------------

Avenue of Smoke Spread (AVE_SMOKE)

This data field indicates the most significant avenue of smoke spread.
The numeric codes used in this data field are described below.

  --------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------
  **AVE_SMOKE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK           2126            NOT SPECIFIED

  0               2               NOT SPECIFIED

  1               6               AIR HANDLING DUCTS

  2               1               CORRIDOR

  3               1               ELEVATOR SHAFT

  4               1               STAIRWELL

  5               8               CONSTRUCTION OPENING

  6               2               UTILITY OPENING IN WALL OR FLOOR

  7               18              DOORWAY, PASSAGEWAY

  8               12              NO SIGNIFICANT AVENUE OF SMOKE TRAVEL
  --------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------

Construction Type (CONST_TYPE)

This data field describes the building type of the structure involved in
the incident. The numeric codes used in this field are described below.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **CONST_TYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ---------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK            2069            NOT SPECIFIED

  0                1               NOT SPECIFIED

  1                5               TYPE I - NONCOMBUSTIBLE HIGHRISE

  2                1               TYPE II - SMALLER NONCOMBUSTIBLE

  3                4               TYPE III - NONCOMBUSTIBLE WALLS, COMBUSTIBLE
                                   ROOF, FLOOR

  4                3               TYPE IV - NONCOMBUSTILE LIGHT METAL OR
                                   CONCRETE PARKING STRUCTURE

  5                94              TYPE V - COMBUSTIBLE, WOOD OR STUCCO
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of Stories in Structure (FLRS_STRUCT)

The total number of floors above and below ground are given in this data
field.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FLRS_STRUC**         **FREQUENCY**          **DESCRIPTION**
  ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------
  BLANK                  1812                   NOT SPECIFIED

  0                      257                    NOT SPECIFIED

  1                      55                     ONE STORY

  2                      33                     TWO STORIES

  3                      16                     THREE STORIES

  4                      3                      FOUR STORIES

  6                      1                      SIX STORIES
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of Floors Involved in the Incident (FLRS_INVLD)

The total number of floors above and below ground that were involved in
the incident are given in this data field.

  ------------------ ------------------ ---------------------------------
  **FLRS_INVLD**     **FREQUENCY**      **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK              1812               NOT SPECIFIED

  0                  257                NOT SPECIFIED

  1                  99                 ONE FLOOR

  2                  9                  TWO FLOORS
  ------------------ ------------------ ---------------------------------

Floor of Origin (FLR_ORIG)

The floor of origin of the fire is given in this data field. The
alpha-numeric codes used are given below.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FLR_ORIG**        **FREQUENCY**       **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------------- ------------------- --------------------------------
  BLANK               1812                NOT SPECIFIED

  0                   260                 NOT SPECIFIED

  A01                 66                  GROUND FLOOR

  A02                 26                  SECOND FLOOR

  A03                 10                  THIRD FLOOR

  A06                 1                   SIXTH FLOOR

  B01                 2                   FIRST BASEMENT
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Type and Effectiveness of Detection System (DET_SYS)

This data field indicates the type of alarm or detection system. The
numeric codes used are described below

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **DET_SYS**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- -----------------------------------------------
  BLANK         2172            NOT SPECIFIED

  2114          1               SMOKE/PHOTOELECTRIC/ELECTRICALLY POWERED, LOCAL
                                ALARM, AUTOMATIC DETECTORS, SATISFACTORY
                                OPERATION

  2121          1               SMOKE/PHOTOELECTRIC/ELECTRICALLY POWERED, LOCAL
                                ALARM, AUTOMATIC DETECTORS AND MANUAL SEND,
                                ALERTED OCCUPANTS TO CALL FIRE DEPT

  4131          1               SMOKE/IONIZATION/ELECTRICALLY POWERED, LOCAL
                                ALARM, MANUAL SEND, ALERTED OCCUPANTS TO CALL
                                FIRE DEPT

  4149          1               SMOKE/IONIZATION/ELECTRICALLY POWERED, LOCAL
                                ALARM, WATCHMAN, EFFECTIVENESS NOT CLASSIFIED

  5111          1               IONIZATION/PHOTOELECTRIC, LOCAL ALARM, AUTO
                                DETECTORS, ALERTED OCCUPANTS TO CALL FIRE DEPT
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extinguishing System Type and Effectiveness (EXT_SYS)

  ------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------
  **EXT_SYS**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         2175            NO EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM OR NOT APPLICABLE

  21            1               WET PIPE/PARTIAL COVERAGE, NOT FACTOR IN OUTCOME

  415           1               WET/COMPLETE COVERAGE, OPERATED BUT NOT
                                EFFECTIVE
  ------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------

Property Management Status (PROP_STAT)

This data field records the property management responsibility and use
status of the property. The numeric codes used for this data field are
described below.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **PROP_STAT**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------------------
  BLANK           2066            NOT SPECIFIED

  0               1               NOT SPECIFIED

  1               8               PROPERTY MGMT UNDETERMINED, UNINHABITED

  11              12              PRIVATE TAX PAYING PROPERTY, UNINHABITED

  12              59              PRIVATE TAX PAYING PROPERTY, OCCUPIED

  13              12              PRIVATE TAX PAYING PROPERTY, CLOSED AND
                                  PERSONNEL ABSENT

  14              16              PRIVATE TAX PAYING PROPERTY, OCCUPANT ABSENT

  42              1               STATE GOV PROPERTY, OCCUPIED

  43              2               STATE GOV PROPERTY, CLOSED AND PERSONNEL ABSENT
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extent of Fire Damage (FIRE_DMGE)

This data field indicates extent of burned or charred area. The numeric
codes used are given below.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FIRE_DMGE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  --------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK           2044            NOT SPECIFIED

  0               1               UNDETERMINED

  1               49              CONFINED TO OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2               21              CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA

  3               20              CONFINED TO ROOM

  4               2               CONFINED TO FIRE RATED COMPARTMENT OF ORIGIN

  5               2               CONFINED TO STORY OF ORIGIN

  6               32              CONFINED TO BUILDING OR PROPERTY OF ORIGIN

  7               3               EXTENDED BEYOND BUILDING OR PROPERTY

  8               1               NO DAMAGE OF THIS TYPE

  9               2               NOT CLASSIFIED
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extent of Smoke Damage (SMOKE_DMGE)

This data field indicates the extent of damage caused by the movement of
smoke and heat. The numeric codes used are given below.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **SMOKE_DMGE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ---------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK            2044            NOT SPECIFIED

  0                3               UNDETERMINED

  1                33              CONFINED TO OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2                11              CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA

  3                14              CONFINED TO ROOM

  4                4               CONFINED TO FIRE RATED COMPARTMENT OF ORIGIN

  5                4               CONFINED TO STORY OF ORIGIN

  6                32              CONFINED TO BUILDING OR PROPERTY OF ORIGIN

  7                1               EXTENDED BEYOND BUILDING OR PROPERTY

  8                28              NO DAMAGE OF THIS TYPE

  9                3               NOT CLASSIFIED
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extent of Water Damage (WATER_DMGE)

This data field indicates the extent of damage caused by water or other
extinguishing agents. The numeric codes used are given below.

  ---------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **WATER_DMGE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK            2044            NOT SPECIFIED

  0                4               UNDETERMINED

  1                33              CONFINED TO OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2                11              CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA

  3                15              CONFINED TO ROOM

  4                1               CONFINED TO FIRE RATED COMPARTMENT OF ORIGIN

  5                2               CONFINED TO STORY OF ORIGIN

  6                27              CONFINED TO BUILDING OR PROPERTY OF ORIGIN

  7                1               EXTENDED BEYOND BUILDING OR PROPERTY

  8                35              NO DAMAGE OF THIS TYPE

  9                4               NOT CLASSIFIED
  ---------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Extent of Fire Control Damage (CNTL_DMGE)

This data field indicates the extent of damage done in controlling and
extinguishing the fire. The numeric codes used in this data field are
given below.

  --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------------------
  **CNTL_DMGE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK           2127            NOT SPECIFIED

  1               2               CONFINED TO OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2               6               CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA

  3               9               CONFINED TO ROOM

  4               2               CONFINED TO FIRE RATED COMPARTMENT OF ORIGIN

  5               1               CONFINED TO STORY OF ORIGIN

  6               14              CONFINED TO BUILDING OR PROPERTY OF ORIGIN

  7               3               EXTENDED BEYOND BUILDING OR PROPERTY

  8               13              NO DAMAGE OF THIS TYPE
  --------------- --------------- -----------------------------------------------

Property Loss (PROP_LOSS)

Property loss is the fire department personnel's estimate of the
replacement value of property (other than contents) that has been
destroyed or damaged during the incident. This number includes water and
smoke damage for fires. The loss values are in dollars.

Contents Loss (CONT_LOSS)

Property loss is the fire department personnel's estimate of the
replacement value of property (other than contents) that has been
destroyed or damaged during the incident. This number includes water and
smoke damage for fires. The loss values are in dollars.

Watershed Loss (WSHED_LOSS)

The fire department personnel estimates the number of acres of watershed
destroyed by the fire. Any watershed loss of less than one acre is
recorded as one acre.

**Santa Monica Fire Department.** The Santa Monica Fire Department filed
219 incidents on January 17, 1994, 216 of which were filed between 4:31
and 24:00 hours. The records were produced in a format that conforms
with the California Fire Incident Reporting System (CFIRS). All 219
incident reports are included in the database that accompanies this
report. Selected fields have been retained from the original data, and
those fields are described below, along with an explanation of any codes
used in the 219 records from January 17, 1994.

A subset of reports covering earthquake-related fire incidents was
extracted from the all incident reports of January 17. Any fire that had
an ignition related to the earthquake, as specified by the incident
report, was included in this list. The list of 15 incident reports is
shown in Table 3-2.

Fire Department Identification (FDID1)

This is a unique number assigned by the State Fire Marshal to identify a
particular fire department in California. The Santa Monica Fire
Department is 19180.

Year (PROYEAR)

The last two digits of the year of the incident, i.e., 94, is in this
field.

Incident Number (INCNUM)

A unique number assigned to a single incident.

Exposure Number (INCEXP)

This field indicates that the fire at this location has resulted from
exposure to a fire at another location. The fire is reported as a
separate fire but is linked to the original fire by this number which
ranges from 1 to the total number of exposures for the original fire
(which has an exposure number of 0).

A Change or Deletion of a Previous Incident (CORREC)

This field indicates a change or deletion to a previous incident report
having the same incident number.

Multi-Agency Incident Number (MULTAGY)

This field is a unique alpha-numeric designation which identifies all
incident reports pertaining to a single incident in which two or more
fire departments respond. The department in whose jurisdiction the
incident occurs assigns the Multi-Agency Incident Number - which
consists of the jurisdictional agency's three-letter designation
(assigned by the Office of Emergency Services), followed by their
incident number for the event.

Incident Date (INCDATE)

This field contains the year, month, and day of the event.

Dispatch Time (DISTIME)

The time of dispatch is the hour and minute when the alarm was
dispatched by the fire department alarm center. A 24-hour clock is used.

Arrival Time (ARVTIME)

The arrival time is the actual time when the first responding unit
arrived at the incident scene. A 24-hour clock is used.

End Time (ENDTIME)

End time is the time when all, or most, of the equipment at the incident
is put back in service and is ready for response to another alarm. A
24-hour clock is used.

First Situation Found (FOUND1)

This field describes the observed conditions when the first emergency
unit arrived on the scene. A description of the numeric codes used in
this field are given below.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **FOUND1**    **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  11            11              STRUCTURE FIRE

  16            1               REFUSE FIRE OUTSIDE

  22            1               AIR, GAS RUPTURE

  32            6               EMERGENCY MEDICAL CALL

  41            50              FLAMMABLE GAS OR LIQUID CONDITION

  42            2               TOXIC CONDITION

  44            8               ELECTRICAL ARCING, SHORTING

  49            9               OTHER HAZARDOUS CONDITION

  51            1               PERSON IN DISTRESS

  52            8               WATER PROBLEM

  53            84              SMOKE, ODOR PROBLEM

  55            4               PUBLIC SERVICE ASSISTANCE

  56            1               UNAUTHORIZED BURNING

  61            1               INCIDENT CLEARED PRIOR TO ARRIVAL

  67            18              HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE INVESTIGATION
                                WITHOUT ANY FINDING

  69            1               OTHER GOOD INTENT CALL

  71            4               MALICIOUS, MISCHIEVOUS FALSE CALL

  73            1               MALFUNCTION OF ALARM SYSTEM

  74            1               UNINTENTIONAL ALARM CALL

  79            1               OTHER FALSE CALL

  81            3               EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Second Situation Found (FOUND2)]{.underline}

Subsequent conditions that were observed are noted in this field.

Third Situation Found (FOUND3)

Subsequent conditions that were observed are noted in this field.

Fourth Situation Found (FOUND4)

Subsequent conditions that were observed are noted in this field.

Automatic/Mutual Aid Type (AIDTYPE)

The handling of mutual aid between fire departments is described by this
field. The numeric codes used are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **AIDTYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  3             3               AID RECEIVED FROM ANOTHER FIRE DEPARTMENT

  5             1               AUTOMATIC AID PROVIDED TO ANOTHER FIRE
                                DEPARTMENT

  8             212             NO AUTOMATIC/MUTUAL AID RECEIVED OR PROVIDED
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Method of Alarm (ALARMTH)

The method of alarm is the first means used to notify the department of
an incident. The numeric codes that are used are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ALARMTH**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  1             1               TELEPHONE DIRECT TO FIRE DEPARTMENT

  6             1               NO ALARM RECEIVED - NO RESPONSE

  7             214             TELEPHONE TIE-LINE TO FIRE DEPARTMENT
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Incident Address (INCADDR)]{.underline}

The exact location of the incident, which may be a street address, or
directions from a recognized landmark, or an intersection of two
roadways is given in this field.

Room, Apartment or Space (INCROOM)

This field adds to the address information by giving a specific room,
apartment, office, suite, etc., where the incident occurred.

Incident Zip Code (INCZIP)

The numeric address code assigned by the U.S. Postal Service.

General Property Use (GENERAL)

This field describes the general occupancy of the location. The numeric
codes used in this field are described below.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **GENERAL**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK         1               NOT SPECIFIED

  11            2               PUBLIC RECREATION USE

  13            1               RELIGIOUS USE

  16            3               RESTAURANT, FOOD SERVICE, DRINKING
                                ESTABLISHMENT

  21            1               PRIMARY- AND SECONDARY-LEVEL EDUCATIONAL USE

  22            1               POST-SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL USE

  33            2               MEDICAL CARE USE

  41            73              ONE- OR TWO-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL USE

  42            95              MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL USE

  43            2               GROUP LIVING USE

  51            4               SALES USE

  59            14              BUSINESS, OFFICE USE

  62            1               RESEARCH USE

  70            1               INDUSTRIAL, MANUFACTURING USE

  80            1               STORAGE, WAREHOUSING USE

  92            1               PROPERTY UNDERGOING TRANSFORMATION

  96            13              MOTOR VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION USE
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specific Property Use (SPECIES)

This field defines the function of a specific space, structure, or
portion of a structure, as used by the owner, tenant or occupant of the
space. The codes used to described this field are given below.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **SPECIES**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  BLANK         124             NOT SPECIFIED

  129           1               VARIABLE USE AMUSEMENT, RECREATION PLACES

  161           1               RESTAURANT

  163           1               TAVERN

  213           1               ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

  241           1               COLLEGE CLASSROOM BUILDING

  410           3               ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLING

  411           27              ONE-FAMILY DWELLING; YEAR-ROUND USE

  421           5               APARTMENTS WITH 1 OR 2 LIVING UNITS WITH
                                BUSINESS

  422           9               APARTMENTS WITH 3 THROUGH 6 LIVING UNITS WITH
                                BUSINESS

  423           19              APARTMENTS WITH 7 THROUGH 8 LIVING UNITS WITH
                                BUSINESS

  424           4               APARTMENTS WITH 9 THROUGH 10 UNITS WITH
                                BUSINESS

  426           1               APARTMENTS WITH 13 THROUGH 14 UNITS WITH
                                BUSINESS

  428           3               APARTMENTS WITH OVER 20 UNITS

  430           1               ROOMING BOARDING LODGING HOUSES

  442           1               HOTEL, MOTEL WITH LESS THAN 20 UNITS; SEASONAL
                                USE

  521           1               CLOTHING STORE

  544           1               GIFT, JEWELRY STORE

  591           5               GENERAL BUSINESS OFFICE

  621           1               CHEMICAL, MEDICAL LABORATORY

  882           1               GENERAL VEHICLE PARKING GARAGE

  929           1               OTHER SPECIAL STRUCTURE

  962           2               PAVED PUBLIC STREET

  963           3               PAVED PRIVATE STREET
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Building Code Occupancy (OCCUPCY)]{.underline}

This field describes the occupancy classification of the building
involved in the incident, is defined by the Uniform Building Code. The
following codes are used to in this data field.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **OCCUPCY**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         133             NOT SPECIFIED

  A40           1               ICE PLANTS, POWER PLANTS, PUMPING PLANTS, COLD
                                STORAGE AND CREAMERIES

  B20           8               DRINKING AND DINING ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING AN
                                OCCUPANT LOAD LESS THAN 50, OFFICE BUILDINGS,
                                PRINTING PLANTS, MUNICIPAL POLICE AND FIRE
                                STATIONS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS, STORAGE AND
                                SALES ROOMS

  B30           1               AIRCRAFT HANGARS WHERE NO REPAIR IS DONE, OPEN
                                PARKING GARAGES, HELISTOPS

  E10           2               BUILDING USED FOR EDUCATION THROUGH GRADE 12
                                BY 50 OR MORE PEOPLE

  H70           1               OCCUPANCIES WITH TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

  R10           59              HOTELS AND APARTMENT HOUSES

  R30           11              DWELLINGS AND LODGING HOUSES
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Structure Type (STRUCTP)]{.underline}

This field specifies the type of structure involved in the incident. The
codes used in this data field are given below.

  --------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **STRUCTURE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK           133             NOT SPECIFIED

  1               81              BUILDING WITH NO SPECIFIC PROPERTY USE

  2               1               BUILDING WITH TWO OR MORE SPECIFIC USES

  5               1               TENT
  --------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Structure Status (STRUCST)]{.underline}

This field gives the state of the structure at the time of the incident.
The numeric codes used in this data field are given below.

  --------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **STRUCTURE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK           133             NOT SPECIFIED

  1               1               UNDER CONSTRUCTION

  2               81              ROUTINELY USED WITH FURNISHINGS IN PLACE

  5               1               VACANT PROPERTY BUT SECURED AND MAINTAINED
  --------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Occupied at Time of Incident (OCCTIME)]{.underline}

Structures and vehicles are either occupied or unoccupied at the time of
the incident. This entry refers to human occupancy, and indicates if
people were present in or on the structure or vehicle at the time of the
incident.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **OCCTIME**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         134             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             72              STRUCTURE OR VEHICLE OCCUPIED AT TIME OF
                                INCIDENT

  2             10              STRUCTURE OR VEHICLE NOT OCCUPIED AT TIME OF
                                INCIDENT
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[First Type of Action Taken (ACTION1)]{.underline}

This field specifies the initial task performed by the responding fire
department personnel. The numeric codes used are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ACTION 1**  **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         204             NOT SPECIFIED

  12            1               VENTILATION, EXTINGUISHMENT, SALVAGE AND
                                OVERHAUL

  14            1               SALVAGE AND OVERHAUL

  15            7               EXTINGUISHMENT

  71            3               INVESTIGATE
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Second Type of Action Taken (ACTION2)]{.underline}

This field gives the second task performed by the responding personnel.
Numeric code(s) used given below.

  ------------ --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ACTION 2** **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK        215             NOT SPECIFIED

  12           1               VENTILATION, EXTINGUISHMENT, SALVAGE, AND
                               OVERHAUL
  ------------ --------------- ----------------------------------------------

[Third Type of Action Taken (ACTION3)]{.underline}

This field describes the third type of action taken by personnel at the
scene of the incident.

Fourth Type of Action Taken (ACTION4)

This field describes the third type of action taken by personnel at the
scene of the incident.

Fire Origin Area (ORGAREA)

This field describes the primary use of the room or space where the fire
originated. The numeric codes used in this data field are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ORGAREA**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             204             NOT SPECIFIED

  5             1               LOBBY, ENTRANCE WAY

  14            2               LOUNGE AREA

  21            2               SLEEPING ROOM FOR \<5 PEOPLE

  24            1               KITCHEN, COOKING AREA

  62            1               HEATING EQUIPMENT ROOM, WATER HEATER ROOM

  71            1               CRAWL SPACE, SUBSTRUCTURE SPACE

  76            1               EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE

  79            3               OTHER STRUCTURAL AREAS

  92            1               ON OR NEAR PUBLIC THOROUGH FARE
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Story Level or Fire Origin (ORGLEVL)

This field describes the point where the fire originates in relation to
ground level. The alpha-numeric codes used in this data field are given
below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ORGLEVL**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         204             NOT SPECIFIED

  A01           6               FIRST FLOOR OR GRADE LEVEL

  A02           6               SECOND FLOOR

  A30           1               THIRD FLOOR
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Distance from Origin to Nearest Road (DISTANC)

This field describes the distance from the point of origin of the fire
to the nearest edge of the traveled surface of a road, or the nearest
outside rail of a railroad right of way.

Form of Heat of Ignition (HEATFRM)

This field describes the form of heat energy that causes the ignition of
the fire.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **HEATFRM**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             205             NOT SPECIFIED

  15            1               HEAT FROM NATURAL GAS FUELED EQUIPMENT

  17            1               HEAT FROM LIQUID FUELED EQUIPMENT

  30            1               HEAT FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ARCING OR
                                OVERLOAD

  39            1               HEAT FROM OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ARCING OR
                                OVERLOAD

  41            1               HEAT, SPARK FROM FRICTION

  45            1               REKINDLE, REIGNITION

  63            1               HEAT FROM UNDETERMINED SMOKING MATERIAL

  66            1               CANDLE, TAPER

  69            1               HEAT FROM OTHER OPEN FLAME, SPARKS OR SMOKING
                                MATERIAL

  81            2               HEAT FROM DIRECT FLAME, CONVECTION CURRENTS
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Ignition Factor (IGNFACTR)

This field describes the act, condition or situation that allowed the
heat source to combine with the material first ignited to start a fire.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **HEATFRM**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             204             NOT SPECIFIED

  11            1               INCENDIARY, ARSON, CRIMINAL ACT

  14            1               SUSPICIOUS

  21            1               RECKLESS, FAILURE TO USE ORDINARY CARE

  31            1               ABANDONED, DISCARDED HEAT SOURCE

  50            1               MECHANICAL FAILURE, MALFUNCTION

  54            2               OTHER PART FAILURE, LEAK, BREAK

  82            4               EARTHQUAKE RELATED

  92            1               REKINDLED FROM A PREVIOUS FIRE

  93            1               EXPOSURE FIRE
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Type of Material First Ignited (IGNTYPE)

This field describes the composition of the material that was first
ignited by the heat source. This refers to the raw, common, or natural
state in which the material exists, such as a gas, flammable liquid,
chemical, plastic, wood, paper, fabric, etc. The numeric codes used for
this data field are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **IGNTYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             204             NOT SPECIFIED

  11            1               INCENDIARY, ARSON, CRIMINAL ACT

  14            1               SUSPICIOUS

  21            1               RECKLESS, FAILURE TO USE ORDINARY CARE

  31            1               ABANDONED, DISCARDED HEAT SOURCE

  50            1               MECHANICAL FAILURE, MALFUNCTION

  54            2               OTHER PART FAILURE, LEAK, BREAK

  82            4               EARTHQUAKE RELATED

  92            1               REKINDLED FROM A PREVIOUS FIRE

  93            1               EXPOSURE FIRE
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Form of Material First Ignited (IGNFORM)

This field describes the use or purpose of the material that is first
ignited in the fire. The numeric codes used in this data field are
described below.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **IGNFORM**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  0             204             NOT SPECIFIED

  12            1               EXTERIOR SIDEWALL COVERING

  17            1               STRUCTURAL MEMBER, FRAMING

  21            1               UPHOLSTERED SOFA, CHAIR, BENCH

  32            1               BEDDING, BLANKET, SHEET, COMFORTER

  44            1               MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, WRITING PAPER

  65            3               FUEL

  68            1               FILTER

  75            1               RUBBISH, TRASH, WASTE

  86            3               GAS OR LIQUID IN OR FROM PIPE OR CONTAINER
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contributing Factor 1 (CONFCT1)

This field describes an additional factor that had an influence on the
cause and/or outcome of the incident. The numeric codes used in this
data field are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **CONFCT1**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  BLANK         214             NOT SPECIFIED

  741           2               EARTHQUAKE
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Contributing Factor 2 (CONFCT2)

This field describes any additional contributing factor.

Estimated Property Loss (PROLOSS)

The dollar estimate of the current value of the property (excluding
contents) is given in this data field.

Estimated Contents Loss (CONLOSS)

The dollar estimate of the current value of contents is given in this
data field.

Fuel Model (FUELMOD)

The type of fuel involved in a vegetation fire is described in this data
field.

Acres Burned (ACRBURN)

This data field describes the land area, expressed in acres, burned by a
vegetation fire.

Equipment Involved in Ignition (EQPTYPE)

This field describes any equipment that provided the heat that caused
the ignition of a fire.

Construction Type (CONSTYP)

This field describes the type of building construction used in the
structure where the fire occurred. Emphasis is on characteristics that
determine the building's ability to withstand exposure to a fire and to
limit fire growth. Numeric codes used in this data field are given
below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **CONSTYP**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             205             NOT SPECIFIED

  3             1               TYPE III - EXTERIOR WALLS NON OR LIMITED
                                COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; INTERIOR STRUCTURE
                                COMBUSTIBLE

  5             10              TYPE V - COMBUSTIBLE, WOOD FRAME BUILDING
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Roof Covering (ROOFCVR)

This field describes the type of exterior roof covering on the structure
involved in the fire. The numeric codes used in this data field are
given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **ROOFCVF**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             205             NOT SPECIFIED

  2             6               COMPOSITE SHINGLES

  7             6               BUILT-UP
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Number of Stories (STORYNO)

The total number of stories above grade in the structure are given in
this field

Extent of Flame Damage (FLMDMG)

The size of the fire in terms of how far the flame damage extended is
given in this field. The extent of flame damage is the area that was
actually burned or charred. It does not include the area that received
only heat, smoke, or water damage. The codes that were used in this
field are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **FLMDMG**    **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             205             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             3               CONFINED TO THE OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2             3               CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA OF ORIGIN

  3             1               CONFINED TO ROOM OF ORIGIN

  4             3               CONFINED TO THE FIRE DIVISION COMPARTMENT OF
                                ORIGIN

  6             1               CONFINED TO STRUCTURE OF ORIGIN

  7             2               EXTENDED BEYOND STRUCTURE OF ORIGIN
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Extent of Smoke Damage (SMKDMG)

This field describes the size of the fire in terms of how far smoke and
heat damage extended. This includes areas scorched by heat and damaged
by smoke, but which do not have flame damage. The numeric codes used in
this data field are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **SMKDMG**    **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             205             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             2               CONFINED TO THE OBJECT OF ORIGIN

  2             1               CONFINED TO PART OF ROOM OR AREA OF ORIGIN

  3             2               CONFINED TO ROOM OF ORIGIN

  4             1               CONFINED TO THE FIRE DIVISION COMPARTMENT OF
                                ORIGIN

  5             1               CONFINED TO STORY OR ORIGIN

  6             2               CONFINED TO STRUCTURE OF ORIGIN

  7             2               EXTENDED BEYOND STRUCTURE OF ORIGIN

  8             1               NOT SPECIFIED
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Type of Material Generating Most Smoke (SMKTYPE)

The composition or substance of the material that produce the most smoke
is given in this data field. The numeric codes used here are described
below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **SMKTYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             210             NOT SPECIFIED

  20            1               FLAMMABLE, COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID

  43            1               FLEXIBLE PLASTICS

  63            1               SAWN WOOD

  67            1               PAPER

  71            1               MAN-MADE FABRIC, FIBER, FINISHED GOODS

  72            1               COTTON, RAYON, COTTON FABRIC, FINISHED GOODS
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Form of Material Generating Most Smoke (SMKFORM)

This data field describes the use or purpose of the material that
produced the most smoke. The numeric codes used in this data field are
described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **SMKFORM**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             210             NOT SPECIFIED

  19            1               OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OR FINISH

  31            2               MATTRESS, PILLOW

  33            1               LINEN, OTHER THAN BEDDING

  44            1               MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, WRITING PAPER

  65            1               FUEL
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Avenue of Smoke Travel (SMKTRVL)

This data field describes the path or opening that allowed smoke to
travel beyond the room or area of origin. The codes used in this data
field are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **SMKTRVL**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             212             NOT USED

  5             1               OPENING IN CONSTRUCTION

  7             3               DOORWAY, PASSAGEWAY
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Type of fire/smoke detector (DETTYPE)

This data field specifies the type of early warning fire/smoke
detector(s) installed in the involved structure. Numeric codes use in
this data field are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **DETTYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             214             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             1               SMOKE DETECTOR, IONIZATION PRINCIPLE

  8             1               NO DETECTOR PRESENT
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Detector power supply (DETPOWR)

This field describes the source of power used to operate the fire/smoke
detector. The numeric codes used in this field are given below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **DETPOWR**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             215             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             1               BATTERY OPERATED
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Performance of Detector System (DETPERF)

This field describes the detection and performance of detection system
equipment. Numeric codes used in this data field are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **DETPERF**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             215             NOT SPECIFIED

  1             1               DETECTOR IN ROOM OF FIRE ORIGIN, AND IT
                                ALERTED OCCUPANTS
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Reason for Failure of Detector (DETFAIL)

This field describes the specific reason the detector did not operate.

Type of Extinguishing System (EXTTYPE)

This data field describes the type of automatic extinguishing system
present in or near the area of fire origin. This numeric codes used in
this data field are described below.

  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------
  **EXTTYPE**   **FREQUENCY**   **DESCRIPTION**

  0             215             NOT SPECIFIED

  98            1               NO EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
  ------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------------

Performance of Extinguishing System (EXTPERF)

This data field describes the operation and effectiveness of the
automatic extinguishing system.

Reason for Failure of Extinguishing System (EXTFAIL)

This data field describes the condition that prevented the automatic
extinguishing system from operating properly. This includes failing to
extinguish the fire even though the system operated.

Sprinkler Head Type (SPKLTYP)

The type of sprinkler head used in the automatic sprinkler system
existing in the portion of the building affected by the fire is
described by this data field.

Number of Sprinkler Heads Activated (SPKLACT)

This data field records the number of sprinkler heads that operated
during the fire.

**\
Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY)**

![](media/image1.emf){width="9.277083333333334in"
height="6.272222222222222in"}

**Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY) (Cont.)**

![](media/image2.emf){width="9.277083333333334in"
height="3.7423611111111112in"}

**Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY) (Cont.)**

![](media/image3.emf){width="9.364583333333334in"
height="6.272222222222222in"}

**Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY) (Cont.)**

![](media/image4.emf){width="9.15in" height="3.7423611111111112in"}

**Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY) (Cont.)**

![](media/image5.emf){width="2.4520833333333334in"
height="6.272222222222222in"}

**Table 3-1: LAFD INCIDENT REPORTS, JANUARY 7, 1994 (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED
FIRES ONLY) (Cont.)**

![](media/image6.emf){width="2.4520833333333334in"
height="3.7423611111111112in"}

**Table 3-2: SANTA MONICA FIRE DEPARTMENT (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED) INCIDENT
REPORTS**

![](media/image7.emf){width="9.997916666666667in"
height="2.736111111111111in"}

**Table 3-2: SANTA MONICA FIRE DEPARTMENT (EARTHQUAKE-RELATED) INCIDENT
REPORTS**

![](media/image8.emf){width="9.989583333333334in"
height="2.9881944444444444in"}

3.3 Photographs

A selection of photographs pertaining to earthquake-related fires and
fire department operations is given in the following section. All
photographs are courtesy of the City of Los Angeles Fire Department.