# The Transient Storage Concept 

# Readings on Applications for Stream Solute Transport 

# In the Context of Stream-Catchment Connections

**[Transient Storage Reader 1]{.smallcaps}** presents the essential
references for starting an application of the transient storage concept,
specifically as implemented in the OTIS model package. For any
application, the *USGS Fact Sheet* on \'"Using OTIS" illustrates the
concepts of the transport model. Comprehensive chapters in *Streams and
Ground Waters* include thoughtful discussions relating the idealized
transient storage concept to the complex hydro-geobiochemical processes
of streams. The September 2003 Special Issue, "Modeling Hyporheic Zone
Processes", of *Advances in Water Resources* provides several examples
of the new directions in which the transient storage concept is being
developed.

## The Transient Storage Model

Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream - a
transient storage model. KE Bencala, RA Walters, *Water Resources
Research*, [19]{.underline}(3), 718, 1983.

Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers. RL Runkel,
*USGS Fact Sheet 138-99*, 4pp., 2000.
LINK:\[http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fac138-99\].

One-dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS): a solute
transport model for streams and rivers. RL Runkel, *USGS WRIR 98-4018*,
1998. LINK: \[http://co.water.usgs.gov/otis/\].

Quantifying hydrologic interactions between streams and their subsurface
hyporheic zones. JW Harvey, BJ Wagner, in *Streams and Ground Waters*,
JB Jones, PJ Mulholland Eds., Academic Press, 3, 2000.

Modeling hyporheic zone processes. RL Runkel, DM McKnight, and H
Rajaram, *Advances in Water Resources*, [26]{.underline}, 901, 2003.

## Interpretation of Estimated Parameters

A new metric for determining the importance of transient storage. RL
Runkel, *J. North American Benthological Society*, [21]{.underline},
529, 2002.

Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid
alluvial stream. JW Harvey, MH Conklin, RS Koelsch, *Advances in Water
Resources*, [26]{.underline}, 939, 2003.

Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize
surface-subsurface water exchange. JW Harvey, BJ Wagner, KE Bencala,
*Water Resources Research*, [32]{.underline}(8), 2441, 1996.

Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications
for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters. DT Scott, MN Gooseff,
KE Bencala, RL Runkel, *Journal of the North American Benthological
Society*, [22]{.underline}, 492, 2003.

Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive transient storage
models applied to field. MN Gooseff, KE Bencala, DT Scott, RL Runkel, DM
McKnight, *Advances in Water Resources,* [28]{.underline}, 479, 2005.

Experimental design for estimating parameters of rate-limited mass
transfer: Analysis of stream tracer studies. BJ Wagner, JW Harvey,
*Water Resources Research*, [33]{.underline}(7), 1731, 1997.

A stream tracer technique employing ionic tracers and specific
conductance data applied to the Maimai catchment, New Zealand. MN
Gooseff, BL McGlynn, *Hydrological Processes,* in press/on-line doi:
10.1002/hyp.5685, 2005.

## Simulation Investigations - Applications

Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments - Part 2: A dynamic
analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine
solute transport. KE Bencala, *Water Resources Research*,
[20]{.underline}(12), 1804, 1984.

Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain
stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient
storage. KE Bencala, DM McKnight, GW Zellweger, Water Resources
Research, [26]{.underline}(5), 989, 1990.

Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a
mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. RE Broshears, KE Bencala,
BA Kimball, DM McKnight, *USGS WRIR 92-4081*, 1993.

Alluvial characteristics, groundwater-surface water exchange, and
hydrologic retention in headwater streams. JA Morrice, HM Valett, CN
Dahm, ME Campana, *Hydrological Processes*, [11]{.underline}, 253, 1997.

Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the
Willamette Basin, Oregon. A Laenen, KE Bencala, *J. American Water
Resources Association*, [37]{.underline}(2), 367, 2001.

Transient storage and hyporheic flow along the Willamette River, Oregon:
Field measurements and model estimates. AG Fernald, PJ Wigington, DH
Landers, *Water Resources Research*, [37]{.underline}(6), 1681, 2001.

The hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of hyporheic and
parafluvial zones in Arctic tundra streams, north slope. KJ Edwardson,
WB Bowden, C Dahm, J Morrice, Advances in Water Resources,
[26]{.underline}, 907, 2003.

Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands. SH
Keefe, LB Barber, RL Runkel, JN Ryan, DM McKnight, RD Wass, Water
Resources Research, [40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2003WR002130, 2004.

Estimation of solute transport and staorage parameters in a stream with
anthropogenically produced unsteady flow and industrial bromide input.
RJ Ryan, AI Packman, C Welty, Water Resources Research,
[40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2003WR002458, 2004.

## Comparative Approaches

On the relationship of transient-storage and aggregated dead zone models
to solute transport in streams. MJ Lees, LA Camacho, S Chapra, *Water
Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(1), 213, 2000.

Comparing transient storage modeling and residence time distribution
(RTD) analysis in geomorphically varied reaches in the Lookout Creek
basin, Oregon, USA. MN Gooseff, SM Wondzell, R Haggerty, J Anderson,
Advances in Water Resources, [26]{.underline}, 925, 2003.

Temporal moments routing in streams and rivers with transient storage.
BH Schmid, *Advances in Water Resources,* [26]{.underline}, 1021, 2003.

Application of the transient storage model to analyze advective
hyporheic exchange with deep and shallow sediment beds. M Zaramella, AI
Packman, A Marion, Water Resources Research, [39]{.underline},
doi:10.1029/ 2002WR001344, 2003.

Characterizing multiple timescales of stream and storage zone
interaction that affect solute fate and transport in streams. J Choi, JW
Harvey, MH Conklin, *Water Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(6),
1511, 2000.

## Environmental Context

Surface-subsurface exchange and nutrient spiralling. PJ Mulholland, DL
DeAngelis, in *Streams and Ground Waters*, JB Jones, PJ Mulholland Eds.,
Academic Press, 149, 2000.

Surface-subsurface interactions: past, present, and future. EH Stanley,
JB Jones, in *Streams and Ground Waters*, JB Jones, PJ Mulholland, Eds.,
Academic Press, 405, 2000.

A perspective on stream-catchment connections. KE Bencala, *J. North
American Benthological Society*, [12]{.underline}(1), 44, 1993.

Hyporheic zone hydrological processes. KE Bencala, *Hydrological
Processes*, [14]{.underline}, 2797, 2000.

## Further Reading

LINK: http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/transtor_reader2.html

**[Transient Storage Reader 2]{.smallcaps}** presents an extensive
reference list of development, analysis, and application of the
transient storage concept, specifically as implemented in the OTIS/OTEQ
model packages. The list additionally includes references on the
hyporheic zone and reactive solute transport in streams, specifically as
such references provide insights to implementation and interpretation of
OTIS/OTEQ applications.

Compilation by Ken Bencala, March 29, 2005

http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/bencala.html

kbencala@usgs.gov

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