World Initiative on Sustainable Pastoralism:

Draft inception report

As per the project document (PRODOC) for WISP, an Inception Meeting for
the Project Coordinating Committee was held, within one month of the
appointment of the Global Coordinator (GC), on March 2^nd^, 2006. The GC
presented a report to the Inception Committee, including the annual work
plan, recommended changes to the outputs and activities of the Logical
Framework and suggestions for developing specific areas of WISP: in
particular to bring clarity over governance, partnership and
regionalisation. This draft inception report provides an update on WISP,
proposed ways of working as recommended by the inception committee and
planned activities for the next three years.

This report will be translated (French and Spanish) and circulated
through WISP-net for feedback from members. Members will be given a
period of two weeks in which to respond with comments or queries. The
final report will also be reviewed by the Executing Agency (IUCN) and
the implementing agency (UNDP/GEF) to ensure consistency with the
objectives and activities indicated in the Project Document.

## Contents of the inception report

[*Update on the work of WISP 2*](#update-on-the-work-of-wisp)

[Regional centres and their roles in coordinating the project activities
3](#regional-centres-and-their-roles-in-coordinating-the-project-activities)

[Strategies for partnership 3](#strategies-for-partnership)

[Management arrangements 3](#management-arrangements)

[Recommended changes to the outputs and activities of the Logframe
3](#recommended-changes-to-the-outputs-and-activities-of-the-logframe)

[Recommendations from the Global Pastoralist Gathering
3](#recommendations-from-the-global-pastoralist-gathering)

[Three Year Activity plan 3](#three-year-activity-plan)

[Annual work plan 2006 3](#annual-work-plan-2006)

[Review of verifiable indicators 3](#review-of-verifiable-indicators)

[Strategies to link with and strengthen existing pastoralist networks
3](#strategies-to-link-with-and-strengthen-existing-pastoralist-networks)

[Dovetailing on activities of institutions working in pastoralist
related fields
3](#dovetailing-on-activities-of-institutions-working-in-pastoralist-related-fields)

[Role of the private sector 3](#role-of-the-private-sector)

[Leveraging additional resources to WISP
3](#leveraging-additional-resources-to-wisp)

[Annexe 1: Notes from the Pastoralist Gathering in Ethiopia
3](#annexe-1-notes-from-the-pastoralist-gathering-in-ethiopia)

[Annexe 2: WISP advocacy strategy 3](#annexe-2-wisp-advocacy-strategy)

[Annexe 3: Terms of reference for the Project Coordinating Committee
3](#annexe-3-terms-of-reference-for-the-project-coordinating-committee)

[Annexe 4: Terms of reference for the Project Management Unit
3](#annexe-4-terms-of-reference-for-the-project-management-unit)

[Annexe 5: Minutes of the Inception Committee Meeting -- 02.03.06
3](#annexe-5-minutes-of-the-inception-committee-meeting-02.03.06)

[Annexe 6: Recommendations from PCI
3](#annexe-6-recommendations-from-pci)

[Annexe 7: logframe with revised indicators at outcome level
3](#annexe-7-logframe-with-revised-indicators-at-outcome-level)

#  

# Update on the work of WISP

WISP's strategy has been opportunistic in the past two years and any
opportunity was grabbed and exploited with whatever resources were
available. For example, in the run up to the global gathering in Turmi,
WISP's relationship with PCI (Pastoral Communication Initiative) enabled
leveraging of support to increase the scale of the outcome. On the whole
this approach has served to keep the momentum alive and to put
pastoralism on various agendas including the UN Convention to Combat
Desertification. One significant outcome of the year's lobbying is that
the Executive Secretary of the CCD has written a letter in support of
another pastoral gathering, to be held in Spain.

In April 2005, at CRIC 5 (UNCCD Committee for the Review of the
Implementation of the Convention) in Bonn, four WISP representatives sat
on a panel to influence attitudes towards pastoralists as custodians of
drylands environments. At another event, COP7 (Conference of the
Parties) of the UNCCD (Nairobi, 17^th^-28th November 2005), WISP
organised a side event, dubbed "the Manyatta", which has led to a formal
recognition of the contribution of pastoralists. The outcome document of
UNCCD COP7 refers to pastoral dryland management as an "important
element to combat desertification". This is the first time that the
convention has formally recognized the key role of pastoralists in the
sustainable management of drylands. In the aftermath of the Manyatta,
the Secretariat of the CCD expressed an interest in following up
further, showing a very positive outcome for a relatively meagre
investment.

Another member of WISP (the European Forum on Nature Conservation and
Pastoralism) organised a conference on the value of High Nature Value
(HNV) farming (Bulgaria, September 2005). EFNCP is a pan-European
non-profit organisation, bringing together ecologists, nature
conservation managers, farmers and policy makers to discuss problems and
potential solutions facing HNV farming systems. The EFNCP wishes to play
an active role in the North-South and East-West linkages within WISP,
and took advantage of the WISP presence to exchange ideas about projects
that might be developed under the WISP umbrella in the future. It is
important to continue to integrate European issues and attitudes to
pastoralists within WISP, to foster pastoral-to-pastoral linkages and to
explore European solutions that could be applicable elsewhere. This
helps to persuade planners in developing countries that pastoralism is
not a developing country issue, and is perfectly compatible with a
developed state. Such events have kept WISP's name on the agenda over
the past year and have maintained a sense of what is happening and
where.

A significant outcome from Turmi is the level of enthusiasm for
organising events and networks for pastoralists. Events are under
discussion for 2006, including gatherings of pastoralists in Spain, West
Africa and Central Asia amongst others. Also during 2005, Afghan
pastoralists (Kuchi), policy makers, donors, implementing agencies and
international scientists converged at the Foundation of Culture and
Civil Society (Kabul 15^th^-17^th^ November 2005) to strategize on
pastoralist support systems. This was a USAID-sponsored and WISP was
actively engaged to help bring in additional participants and a member
of WISP attended on its behalf.

Indian participants at Turmi returned home particularly enthused and
swiftly mobilised a national pastoralist organisation in their country.
One WISP member in India, KRAPAVIS, organised a campaign in support of
the restoration of pastoralists' traditional rights of access to grazing
and watering resources in common land/forest areas (India, 15th November
2005). Through this one-day Community Prayer followed by consultation
with policy makers, KRAPVIS used the momentum and information generated
from other WISP supported events to strengthen their calls for
pastoralists' rights.

During 2005 efforts were made to keep the idea of WISP alive, including
presentation of WISP at various events, made by members of the WISP
coordinating committee: for example, IUCN presented WISP at the Kenya
pastoral week. In November a consultant, Veronica Muthui, was hired for
two months to kick start some of the programming activities of WISP.
WISP is very grateful to Veronica for her energies and enthusiasm in
getting key activities off the ground moving and for generally 'stoking
the fire'.

Partly as a result of the input of Veronica, WISP has initiated the
first of the major studies planned for the first year. Consultants have
been contracted, from March 1^st^, for the global study of Pastoral
Economics and Marketing. The approach that WISP takes to these studies
will develop over time as WISP balances the need to consult with
pastoralists with the demand to produce tangible outputs that can be
used in subsequent work. WISP must prove its credibility and clarify its
value in order to engage meaningfully with pastoralists and it must have
strong mechanisms of consultation with pastoralists in order to be truly
credible.

WISP has already been instrumental in leveraging funds for IUCN, which
hosts the initiative. IUCN has secured funds to study the economics of
drylands (in Kenya) and is using the consultant to demonstrate the cost,
to the Kenyan Government, of allowing drought to proceed to famine in
2005. Money has also been secured through WISP to conduct a series of
national studies, in East (and possibly West) Africa, on pastoralism
through the conservation lens.

# Regional centres and their roles in coordinating the project activities

During the two year period of WISP's design a number of plans for
regionalisation of WISP were mooted, and were captured in the PRODOC.
Some of these plans reflect different scenarios; in particular the
greater level of funding that was originally expected. WISP is now
funded by GEF as a Medium Sized Project, with a fund of a little less
than US\$1,000,000 for three years, which has implications for the role
of regional networks in the immediate future. The deliberations of the
inception committee regarding regionalising WISP are presented here.

## Needs

-   WISP needs to have regional presence in some form outside of East
    Africa, but this means identifying focal points or 'champions'.
    Ultimately WISP must reach pastoralists and this requires national
    work, so a role of the regional partners is to identify and support
    such national institutions

-   A region isn't a fixed definition and WISP could work with various
    regional bodies in different ways and with different coverage

-   WISP needs to work with the formal regions (the intergovernmental
    government bodies): IUCN and UNDP already have mechanisms to engage

-   The idea of pilot countries may be less appropriate now that the
    WISP budget is so much lower

-   However, liaison points are required at regional level to facilitate
    linkages and communication

-   There is no need to have only one 'hub' per region -- there will be
    partnerships and relationships with various partners at regional and
    national levels, with different roles (communications, organisation,
    etc.)

-   A number of agencies have indicated an interest in becoming regional
    hubs for WISP and the role of these agencies should be clarified as
    well as their continued interest. Their role may be a transitional
    one as WISP works with them to identify regional pastoral
    institutions that can be developed to become regional focal points,
    and discussions will be held to clarify expectations and agendas
    with these agencies

## Roles

-   The roles of the regions may include communication, coordination of
    regional gatherings, resource mobilisation (using WISP's image to
    access funds for regional events) and at times they will be a
    necessary conduit for WISP funds

-   Regional networks could be the focal point or lead/entry point for
    the flow of information -- for example, assisting in translation

-   The regions may have a role in knowledge management and particularly
    in improving the input from pastoralists, although eventually this
    should be the role of national partners

-   Regions could be involved in setting terms of reference for capacity
    building work, shaping the activities according to each region's
    context

-   Regional focal points would be advocates for their region: the
    region which articulates itself better will inevitably get the most
    out of WISP

-   WISP's contributions to regional partners are international
    contacts, influence and global reach and discussions should focus on
    how WISP can help move each partners' agenda forward

## Preferences

-   WISP should foster networks to grow from within regions and support
    them to grow rather than impose new structures -- so not regional
    bodies of WISP, but rather WISP's support to regional bodies

-   WISP should take stock of what exists through a regional level
    assessment and then identify where it can engage

-   Regionalisation should not dominate the work of the coordinator but
    the focus should be on networking rather than networks

## Governance

-   Regional partners would be given a seat on the WISP coordinating
    committee for

-   Replicating coordinating structures at regional levels could be
    considered in the future, but at this early stage it may be best to
    avoid delegation of coordinating functions to regional
    sub-committees

-   The regions should have structure and flexibility and not be
    controlled by the centre

-   More analysis of roles and costs is needed and the role of regional
    bodies will develop over time. Funds are not available in WISP's
    current budget, but WISP could assist regional partners in fund
    raising

-   Decentralising governance of WISP can be re-examined later on, since
    the central coordinating committee will want to maintain some sort
    of oversight

# Strategies for partnership

WISP will partner with individual agencies at national and regional
level for the sake of capacity building and in order to carry out
advocacy work (WISP's advocacy strategy is detailed in the annexe). WISP
must have the flexibility to deliver policy messages from the outset,
recognising that in many countries there is limited capacity for
pastoral organisation, which means that WISP will partner with
institutions that aim to represent pastoralist's interests as well as
directly with pastoralists. The policy and advocacy work will be linked
with the capacity building goals of WISP, which will prioritise
partnering with pastoralists as far as possible. However, the term
'partner' has been used in various ways in the PRODOC, leading to some
confusion over what partnership entails: the possible nature of these
partnerships is outlined in the table below.

+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| **Nature of  | **Criteria for              | **Mechanism for         |
| P            | partnership**               | partnership**           |
| artnership** |                             |                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| Targets of   | National and regional       | Identify through        |
| capacity     | organisations (NGOs,        | nomination by WISP      |
| building     | Pastoral associations,      | members and vetting by  |
|              | parliamentary groups,       | the coordinating        |
|              | private sector) that have   | committee, or nominated |
|              | demonstrated a commitment   | through pastoral        |
|              | to pastoral rights and      | gatherings              |
|              | sustainable pastoral        |                         |
|              | development                 |                         |
|              |                             |                         |
|              | Must adhere to the core     |                         |
|              | principles of WISP          |                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| Implementers | Where possible, should be   | Thematic areas for      |
| of WISP      | those organisations         | study are agreed        |
| studies and  | identified as targets of    | through pastoral        |
| advocacy     | capacity building (above)   | gatherings and WISP     |
| tools        |                             | members are             |
| (c           | Partner institutions may    | subsequently consulted  |
| ollaborating | contract and manage         | to identify target      |
| i            | national consultants        | countries, according to |
| nstitutions) | according to their own      | opportunities to engage |
|              | needs and criteria          | in policy dialogue      |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| WISP         | Institutions and            | Identify through        |
| regional and | individuals ('champions')   | regional gatherings and |
| national     | with the required national, | through consultation    |
| contacts     | regional or sub-regional    | with WISP-net members   |
|              | coverage and an interest in |                         |
|              | supporting pastoral rights  | Partnership will evolve |
|              | and sustainable pastoral    | from contacts related   |
|              | development                 | to key events           |
|              |                             |                         |
|              | These partners should be    |                         |
|              | able to facilitate          |                         |
|              | communication, act as       |                         |
|              | liaison, share information  |                         |
|              | and so on                   |                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| Partnering   | WISP will use gatherings as | Events will be          |
| pastoral     | a vital channel of          | discussed through       |
| events and   | communication with          | WISP-net and with the   |
| gatherings   | pastoralists, and therefore | Partners Coordinating   |
|              | the means of selecting      | Committee, which will   |
|              | participants is crucial     | also consist of         |
|              |                             | regional members        |
|              | A pastoral gathering should | identified through      |
|              | comprise a significant      | regional gatherings     |
|              | majority of pastoralist     |                         |
|              | participants and            |                         |
|              | representatives who are     |                         |
|              | selected through            |                         |
|              | consultation with           |                         |
|              | pastoralist communities     |                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| Technical    | Identified through various  | The process of building |
| advisors to  | means as resource persons   | these partnerships will |
| WISP         | that can assist WISP to     | depend on bilateral     |
|              | fine tune knowledge         | discussions and the     |
|              | management and pursue state | level of interest from  |
|              | of the art pastoral         | the participating       |
|              | research                    | agency or individual    |
|              |                             |                         |
|              | This category could include |                         |
|              | CBD/CCD[^1] focal points,   |                         |
|              | government champions,       |                         |
|              | funding partners and lead   |                         |
|              | agencies in different       |                         |
|              | sub-sectors of pastoral     |                         |
|              | development                 |                         |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| Members of   | Open to all interested      | Need to be actively     |
| WISP-net     | parties                     | recruited by all other  |
|              |                             | WISP-net members        |
+--------------+-----------------------------+-------------------------+

# Management arrangements

The Project Coordinating Committee (PCC), which is the core policy
group, might not be a face-to-face group in the future and meetings will
certainly be infrequent. Most input will be through electronic
communication, although PCC meetings could be linked to regional
gatherings or other events, providing a system of quorum is agreed in
advance. The PCC should, over time, include pastoral or regional
representatives, possibly identified through gatherings. Government will
also be represented on the PCC, ideally through government 'champions'
who are motivated to participate in WISP and possibly selected through
regional gatherings in the same way as pastoralist members. As such it
is clear that the PCC is open ended and will grow. Members of the PCC
will be called upon to represent WISP at different events, as occurred
routinely during 2005: a ToR for the OCC is annexed to this report.

# Recommended changes to the outputs and activities of the Logframe 

No significant changes are recommended in the log frame, but a few
points of clarification are raised below to explain how each
outcome/output is interpreted in the subsequent activity plan.

## Outcomes

The chain of logic in the four outcomes is: develop knowledge (gather
and manage information); build capacity to use that knowledge (ability
to engage in policy dialogue); advocate directly (WISP to fill advocacy
gaps where national/regional capacities are limited); learn and adapt
(through participation of stakeholders and effective monitoring and
evaluation).

1.  *Better appreciation of mobile pastoralism as a form of productive
    and sustainable land management, to promote poverty alleviation and
    ecosystem integrity within the agro-ecological landscape.*

Improved knowledge base on the strengths (and weaknesses) of pastoralism
as a productive and sustainable economic system and on the opportunities
and constraints for synergistically empowering pastoralists, alleviating
poverty and ensuring ecosystem integrity .

2.  *Capacity development of pastoralists, civil society organisations,
    and public and private institutions*

Strengthened capacity of pastoralists and the institutions that affect
their livelihoods to articulate and assume their rights and
responsibilities for sustainable rangeland management and pastoral
development.

3.  *Advocacy for effective policies and laws favouring sustainable
    pastoral resource management (for greater recognition of mobile
    pastoralism, and greater awareness by national stakeholders of
    policy options to support pastoral livelihoods)*

National and international stakeholders and policy makers increasingly
pursue policy and practice that favours sustainable pastoral rangeland
management. Some advocacy work is to be done by WISP, using its linkage
to IUCN, UNDP and other partners. Most advocacy should be done by
national and regional partners/WISP members, facilitated by WISP through
outcomes one and two.

4.  *Participation, evaluation, and adaptive management increased*

Programme develops on the basis of strong learning and participation.
The mechanism for participation of pastoralists in driving WISP's agenda
was a key issue for clarification in the inception meeting.

# Recommendations from the Global Pastoralist Gathering

1.  Security of pastoral land rights -- accommodated in output 3.2 (see
    three year activity plan below)

2.  Improved access to education, especially for women -- could be
    covered through the studies of best practice (output 1.3)

3.  Appropriate health and veterinary services -- could be covered
    through the studies of best practice (output 1.3)

4.  Reduction of conflict between pastoralist groups -- could be covered
    through the studies of best practice (output 1.3)

5.  Improved access to markets and increased value from pastoral
    products -- accommodated in the work plan (output 1.1)

6.  Pastoral groups need to organise themselves to represent their
    interests at national and international levels -- accommodated in
    the work plan (output 1.1)

7.  International recognition that:

    a.  Pastoralists make important economic contributions to their
        countries -- accommodated in the work plan (output 1.1)

    b.  Mobile grazing systems are environmentally beneficial --
        accommodated through IUCN-Netherlands support for east and West
        Africa studies of Pastoralism and Conservation

    c.  Cultural values of pastoralist groups be respected -- not
        explicitly covered in the work plan

    d.  Pastoralists require a voice in decisions which affect their
        future -- accommodated in the work plan (output 1.1)

# Three Year Activity plan

## Outcome 1: Better appreciation of mobile pastoralism as a form of productive and sustainable land management, to promote poverty alleviation and ecosystem integrity within the agro-ecological landscape

### Output 1.1: Innovative analytical tools in three key areas

Three studies to be carried out during 2006, based on thematic
priorities identified by participants at Turmi: pastoralist economics
and marketing; pastoralists' rights; organisation of pastoralists.

These studies will have a global ambition, using desk-reviews of
literature by consultants in each region to gather lessons and best
practice. The reviews will be compiled into one report that gives an
overview of each theme (e.g. a global portrait of pastoral economics and
marketing). The various studies will then be compared to identify the
best model for continued replication and will be used to develop a tool
(see output 1.5) for country-level replication.

-   Study of economics and marketing -- underway

-   Organisation of pastoralists -- initiate discussion April/May.
    Explore possibilities for comparing the quality of pastoral
    participation in government and non-government institutions

-   Rights -- to be confirmed

Funding strategy and collaborators: the economics study is underway
without direct funding from collaborators, although the low cost
indicate that consultants are shouldering much of the cost. Subsequent
studies will pro-actively seek implementing partners before setting the
ToRs, through preparation of concept notes and discussion on WISP-net.

### Output 1.2: Analyses and reviews of impact of current policies on pastoralism within the wider landscape

One study will be carried out during 2006 into the general policy
environment for pastoralists through a review of pastoral issues
addressed in PRSPs. This will evidently only cover a limited number of
countries, but will provide a baseline situation against which WISP is
trying to achieve change. Other options that could be included in this
output are:

-   Examining how different land policies accommodate the communal
    tenure and traditional resource use arrangements of pastoral
    communities;

-   Comparing countries that have achieved notable success in supporting
    pastoralist's rights (e.g. Mali, Spain) to identify how the success
    was brought about and to identify impacts and outcomes.

WISP has enabled IUCN to leverage funds from IUCN Netherlands for a
series of country studies on "Pastoralism as Conservation". This work
will be carried out in six countries of East Africa and also in West
Africa. This work will provide additional understanding of how
conservation policies impact on pastoralism and vice versa.

### Output 1.3: Best practice knowledge products available

A long list of best-practice options will be drawn up with input from
the WISP network and priorities will be selected by the PCC or another
WISP coordinating/advisory structure. Five studies will be conducted
during the first year of WISP to compare approaches and practices on a
given theme around the world. The output will be a series of best
practice manuals that will be made available to relevant audiences.

Funding strategy and collaborators: discuss the concept on WISP net and
solicit expressions of intent from members. WISP can determine its
priorities according to the intentions of members.

### Output 1.4: Data bases available on pastoralism

Three databases are currently being considered:

1.  The WISP website, which will be a central repository of on-line
    information (key documents)

2.  The website will also provide a central database of pastoral
    organisations and individuals to improve networking

3.  A series of CD-roms will be compiled and distributed to WISP members
    and other audiences to improve accessibility of unpublished and
    other literature

### Output 1.5: Advocacy tools

All studies carried out through WISP will have a clear advocacy tool end
product outlined at the planning stage, including detail of publishing
format and target audiences. The nature of these tools will be
determined through a planning workshop with key targets for those tools
(discussed in outcome 2). WISP should identify organisations for
capacity building in advocacy work and discuss with this audience about
its needs before developing the advocacy tools. The tools will then be
developed in tandem with the end users, who will feedback on
effectiveness.

## Outcome 2: Capacity development of pastoralists, civil society organisations, and public and private institutions

### Output 2.1: Institutions relevant to pastoralism are strengthened at the community, local, national, sub-regional and global levels

The capacity building work is inextricably linked with the development
or regional and national partnerships and increased representation of
those organisations within WISP itself. The criteria for developing such
partnerships must be agreed by the PCC prior to selection of the
partners. The partners will then be consulted about CB needs,
particularly relating to advocacy, and this will drive the development
of the advocacy or policy research tools (output 1.5).

These partners will be trained to use the advocacy tools and also will
be trained to pass their skills on to national or regional allies. WISP
will also support some of these partners to represent WISP at their
regional level, which will require a formal accountability process to be
formulated. WISP will also support peer learning between countries and
regions.

### Output 2.2: Expertise of relevant stakeholders enhanced

This output (according to the PRODOC) considers relevant stakeholders
primarily as policy makers (present and future) and aims to influence
curricula (presumably at university level) to include a better
understanding of pastoralism and to provide learning opportunities for
parliamentarians and for pastoral associations. IIED and their partners
have initiated similar work in East Africa and discussions should be
held to identify ways that WISP can enhance this work, for example
through wider impact in other regions.

WISP will also explore opportunities to link academics from different
regions with a view to developing curricula that mainstream a new
thinking on pastoralism. This provides an opportunity to link academic
institutions from the North with developing country institutions.

WISP will support pastoral parliamentarians to visit countries where
policies support pastoralists and meet with parliamentarians there for
learning and exchange. This will be a costly initiative and WISP should
explore linkage with other potential donors. WISP will also support
Pastoral Associations with cross-country learning visits within their
region, subject to the same cost constraints.

### Output 2.3: improved networks (to provide a platform for greater debate on pastoralist issues)

The WISP list-serve will be expanded as a forum for exchange of ideas
and information, moderated by the GC. In addition, the website will be
set up to manage a database of contacts to enable cross-country liaison.
The website will also include links to other important pastoralist
websites.

WISP needs to clarify intentions with regard to regional networking and
in particular the expected roles that the regional networks will play.
This will possibly be linked to the emerging interest in regional
gatherings and could provide a mechanism to also improve WISP's
accountability to pastoralists.

### Output 2.4: Public dissemination of information and advocacy at global and regional levels (Global gathering, Regional gatherings, Media coverage)

WISP will support one global gathering and up to five regional
gatherings. The support will primarily be through assistance in seeking
funds, although WISP will cover the costs of participation for key WISP
actors (e.g. national or region partners).

WISP will develop a media pack for release to press globally, especially
linked to gatherings. This will provide messages on pastoralism in
appropriate media language, both outlining the underlying arguments for
pastoralism and also re-packaging the knowledge products of WISP itself.

## Outcome 3: Advocacy for effective policies and laws favouring sustainable pastoral resource management (for greater recognition of mobile pastoralism, and greater awareness by national stakeholders of policy options to support pastoral livelihoods)

### Output 3.1: Policy environment brings pastoralism into the mainstream of society and integrates it into national development through improved policy environment 

Using the email network, WISP will identify national policy and
framework (e.g. PRSP) opportunities where there is a partner
organisation ready to conduct the necessary advocacy work. The partners
will be trained, as outlined in output 2.1, to use the tools from output
1.5 (economics and marketing, pastoral rights and pastoral organisation)
and additional technical and financial support will be given to carry
out the research and produce policy briefs at national level.

### Output 3.2: Laws, regulatory provisions, and governance mechanisms that safeguard mobile pastoralist land management are in place 

WISP cannot deliver these laws and mechanisms, but can support national
actors to engage in the necessary advocacy work, and in doing so can
share experiences with other actors -- for example by sending government
representatives to meet Spanish policy makers to understand the reasons
for changing Spanish laws to accommodate pastoralists.

WISP will identify opportunities where a national partner intends to
engage in land rights or trans-boundary work. The partner will be
supported financially to carry out a desk study of regional/global
experiences and will commit to conduct the necessary advocacy work,
producing learning documents for WISP based on their analyses and
experiences. WISP will disseminate the experiences globally. This
approach forms a miniaturised version of the process outlined in
outcomes 1.1, 1.5 and 2.1 -- desk study, advocacy tools and capacity
building for advocacy work. In addition to tackling land/trans-boundary
issues, the aim is to improve replication of the advocacy process at
country level through the sharing and documenting of experiences (links
to output 4.2).

### Output 3.3: Change in strategies and perceptions within major donors, multi-lateral agencies, and global events in support of pastoralism

To achieve this output WISP will develop a list of key contacts within
major donors and multilateral organisations, through consultation with
regional and global offices and through attendance at global events.
These actors will be targeted with the knowledge outputs of WISP and
will be requested to feedback on organisational attitudes, knowledge
gaps and policy opportunities with respect to pastoralism. The aim will
be to empower those key individuals through information dissemination,
experience sharing and technical input, either by WISP or its
members/partners.

## Outcome 4: Participation, evaluation, and adaptive management increased

### Output 4.1: Pastoralists are at the centre of the development process, including design, implementation and monitoring of the project

WISP proposes to identify one representative pastoral institution per
region to be involved in programme development (as a member of the
Partners Coordinating Committee), linking this with the broader capacity
building process to make it more cost effective.

WISP will also attend regional/global pastoral gatherings to present its
work and to elicit feedback and input from pastoralists.

### Output 4.2: Enhanced capacities of pastoralists and local development partners to develop follow-on (stand alone) projects promoting sustainable pastoral land management

For each thematic study (outputs 1.1 and 1.5) WISP will identify
partners that will use the advocacy tools and will feedback on their
effectiveness. The aim will be to develop and disseminate practical
tools and lessons for national level advocacy and policy work.

WISP should also develop its 'branding' and image to become a useful
tool in enabling key partners to secure funds for pastoral rights and
development work. The protocol for using this branding needs to be
agreed at the outset to avoid unauthorised usage. The GC will further
support key partners through country visits where appropriate.

### Output 4.3: Adaptive management and participatory monitoring and evaluation of project impact

Following the inception meeting, the inception report will be produced
and circulated to the WISP membership for final input. Monitoring and
evaluation processes will be worked on further by the GC and the PCC, in
particular the logframe indicators and targets. WISP will link up with
pastoralist institutions and associations during the course of the
project and will continue to identify ways to bring pastoralist's voice
into the WISP planning process.

# Annual work plan 2006

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  **j**   **f**   **m**   **a**   **m**   **j**   **j**   **a**   **s**   **o**   **n**   **d**
  ------------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
  **Output 1.1: Innovative                                                                                                
  analytical tools in three key                                                                                           
  areas**                                                                                                                 

  Pastoralist economics and                                                                                               
  marketing study                                                                                                         

  Agree outputs, methodology and                                                                                          
  timing                                                                                                                  

  Decide on funding strategy and                                                                                          
  identify collaborators/funding                                                                                          
  agents                                                                                                                  

  Develop ToRs and identify                                                                                               
  partner organisations or                                                                                                
  consultants to implement work                                                                                           

  Coordinate studies, collate                                                                                             
  findings and develop the                                                                                                
  advocacy tools                                                                                                          

  Facilitate dissemination of the                                                                                         
  findings in publications,                                                                                               
  meetings, conferences                                                                                                   
  (Representative to present                                                                                              
  findings at 2 fora).                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                          

  Pastoralists' rights study                                                                                              

  Agree outputs, methodology and                                                                                          
  timing through discussion via                                                                                           
  WISP-net and consultation with                                                                                          
  natinal contacts                                                                                                        

  Decide on funding strategy and                                                                                          
  identify collaborators/funding                                                                                          
  agents                                                                                                                  

  Develop ToRs and identify                                                                                               
  partner organisations to                                                                                                
  implement work                                                                                                          

  Coordinate studies, collate                                                                                              
  findings, discuss with                                                                                                  
  pastoralists and develop the                                                                                            
  advocacy tools                                                                                                          

  Compile a comprehensive                                                                                                 
  over-view report with                                                                                                   
  recommendations, tools and                                                                                              
  lessons                                                                                                                 

  Facilitate dissemination of the                                                                                         
  findings in publications,                                                                                               
  meetings, conferences                                                                                                   
  (Representative to present                                                                                              
  findings at 2 fora).                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                          

  Organisation of pastoralists                                                                                            
  study                                                                                                                   

  Agree outputs, methodology and                                                                                          
  timing                                                                                                                  

  Decide on funding strategy and                                                                                          
  identify collaborators/funding                                                                                          
  agents                                                                                                                  

  Develop ToRs and identify                                                                                               
  partner organisations or                                                                                                
  consultants to implement work                                                                                           

  Coordinate studies, collate                                                                                              
  findings and develop the                                                                                                
  advocacy tools                                                                                                          

  Compile a comprehensive                                                                                                 
  over-view report with                                                                                                   
  recommendations, tools and                                                                                              
  lessons                                                                                                                 

  Facilitate dissemination of the                                                                                         
  findings in publications,                                                                                               
  meetings, conferences                                                                                                   
  (Representative to present                                                                                              
  findings at 2 fora).                                                                                                    

  **Output 1.2: Analyses and                                                                                              
  reviews of impact of current                                                                                            
  policies on pastoralism within                                                                                          
  the wider landscape**                                                                                                   

  Agree the outputs, including                                                                                            
  short and long term use of the                                                                                          
  findings, relationship with M&E                                                                                         
  and the national, regional and                                                                                          
  global scope of the study                                                                                               

  Decide on funding strategy and                                                                                          
  identify donor/collaborator                                                                                             

  Develop ToRs: study to include                                                                                          
  selected PRSPs and to analyse                                                                                           
  the reasons for success in                                                                                              
  advocating for pro-pastoral                                                                                             
  policy and                                                                                                              

  Recruit global consultant                                                                                               

  Identify 5 national partners                                                                                            

  Workshop bringing together                                                                                              
  global & national consultants                                                                                           

  Coordinate studies, collate                                                                                              
  findings and draft the advocacy                                                                                         
  tools                                                                                                                   

  Publish a policy and practice                                                                                           
  guide                                                                                                                   

  Facilitate dissemination of the                                                                                         
  findings in publications,                                                                                               
  meetings, conferences                                                                                                   
  (Representative to present                                                                                              
  findings at 5 fora).                                                                                                    

  **Output 1.3: Best practice                                                                                             
  knowledge products available**                                                                                          

  Develop a long-list of best                                                                                             
  practice options and agree on                                                                                           
  priorities (3 priorities, 3                                                                                             
  desk studies)                                                                                                           

  Prepare ToR for the study,                                                                                              
  including plan of final outputs                                                                                         
  (database, report, etc.) and                                                                                            
  audiences                                                                                                               

  Decide funding strategy and                                                                                             
  identify collaborators                                                                                                  

  Identify and contract                                                                                                   
  implementing partner or                                                                                                 
  consultant (5 studies)                                                                                                  

  Coordinate the study, collate                                                                                            
  findings                                                                                                                

  Disseminate findings                                                                                                    

  Publication of best practice                                                                                            
  manuals (5)                                                                                                             

  **Output 1.4: Data bases                                                                                                
  available on pastoralism**                                                                                              

  Develop a website for WISP                                                                                              

  Develop a central repository of                                                                                          
  on-line information (key                                                                                                
  documents) by selecting                                                                                                 
  publications for the website                                                                                            
  (priorities work with an                                                                                                
  international dimension)                                                                                                

  Prepare a CD-rom literature                                                                                             
  resource from core contacts and                                                                                         
  distribute to members (Vol 1)                                                                                           

  Solicit contributions from WISP                                                                                         
  membership to compile "volume                                                                                           
  2"                                                                                                                      

  Gather data on the website                                                                                               
  through registration of members                                                                                         
  to provide a global survey of                                                                                           
  pastoral populations and actors                                                                                         

  **Output 1.5: Advocacy tools**                                                                                          

  Ensure that all ToR's for                                                                                                
  studies include a clear                                                                                                 
  explanation of the nature of                                                                                            
  the end product as an advocacy                                                                                          
  tool, with detail of publishing                                                                                         
  format and target audiences                                                                                             

  Discuss with partners and WISP                                                                                           
  members the most useful tools                                                                                           
  for advocacy work at country                                                                                            
  level (Planning formulation                                                                                             
  workshop)                                                                                                               

  Hiring of consultant to craft                                                                                            
  research tools (one per study                                                                                           
  to be used in output 3.1)                                                                                               

  Closely monitor the use of                                                                                              
  advocacy tools and solicit                                                                                              
  feedback from users to inform                                                                                           
  re-design (Feed back workshop,                                                                                          
  after 1 year)                                                                                                           

  **Output 2.1: Institutions                                                                                              
  relevant to pastoralism are                                                                                             
  strengthened at the community,                                                                                          
  local, national, sub-regional                                                                                           
  and global levels**                                                                                                     

  Identify regional and national                                                                                          
  targets for partnership support                                                                                         
  based on selection criteria                                                                                             
  that include the degree of                                                                                              
  pastoral representation                                                                                                 

  Profile the key partners and                                                                                            
  highlight strengths and                                                                                                 
  weaknesses with recommendations                                                                                         
  for capacity building needs                                                                                             

  Develop a training program for                                                                                          
  advocacy capacity building of                                                                                           
  key partners                                                                                                            

  Carry out training (TOTs)                                                                                                

  Peer learning/exchanges,                                                                                                 
  representation of WISP (One                                                                                             
  exchange or visit per region)                                                                                           

  **Output 2.2: Expertise of                                                                                              
  relevant stakeholders                                                                                                   
  enhanced**                                                                                                              

  This is a subset of output 2.1,                                                                                         
  but with greater attention to                                                                                           
  technical skills of                                                                                                     
  individuals, particularly                                                                                               
  linked to advocacy, and thus to                                                                                         
  use of advocacy tools developed                                                                                         
  in outcome 1                                                                                                            

  **Output 2.3: improved networks                                                                                         
  (to provide a platform for                                                                                              
  greater debate on pastoralist                                                                                           
  issues)**                                                                                                               

  Expand the use of the WISP                                                                                               
  list-serve as a forum for                                                                                               
  information exchange and debate                                                                                         

  Establish a network of key                                                                                               
  contacts at country and                                                                                                 
  regional levels and use these                                                                                           
  contacts to carry out the work                                                                                          
  of WISP                                                                                                                 

  Develop a core-group of partner                                                                                         
  organisations and contacts that                                                                                         
  will advise WISP                                                                                                        

  Clarify intentions with regard                                                                                          
  to regionalising the networks                                                                                           
  and identify costs and                                                                                                  
  benefits, roles and                                                                                                     
  responsibilities (consultative                                                                                          
  meetings)                                                                                                               

  Identify countries and regions                                                                                           
  without national pastoral                                                                                               
  representation and explore                                                                                              
  entry points for engagement                                                                                             

  **Output 2.4: Public                                                                                                    
  dissemination of information                                                                                            
  and advocacy at global and                                                                                              
  regional levels (Global                                                                                                 
  gathering,Regional gatherings,                                                                                          
  Media coverage)**                                                                                                       

  Support one global gathering                                                                                            

  Support five regional gathering                                                                                          

  Develop media pack for release                                                                                          
  to press globally, especially                                                                                           
  linked to gatherings                                                                                                    

  **Output 3.1: Policy                                                                                                    
  environment brings pastoralism                                                                                          
  into the mainstream of society                                                                                          
  and integrates it into national                                                                                         
  development through improved                                                                                            
  policy environment**                                                                                                    

  Identify national policy and                                                                                             
  framework (PRSP) opportunties                                                                                           
  to use tools from output 1.5                                                                                            

  Identify national networks to                                                                                            
  use tools from output 1.5                                                                                               

  Support national networks and                                                                                            
  institutions with training for                                                                                          
  policy advocacy/research using                                                                                          
  tools from output 1.5                                                                                                   

  **Output 3.2: Laws, regulatory                                                                                          
  provisions, and governance                                                                                              
  mechanisms that safeguard                                                                                               
  mobile pastoralist land                                                                                                 
  management are in place**                                                                                               

  Identify opportunities for a                                                                                            
  national partner to work on                                                                                             
  either land rights or                                                                                                   
  transboundary issues.                                                                                                   

  National partner to carry out                                                                                           
  desk study of regional/global                                                                                           
  experiences                                                                                                             

  National partner to carry out                                                                                           
  the necessary advocacy                                                                                                  

  National partner to produce                                                                                             
  learning documents based on                                                                                             
  their analyses and experiences                                                                                          
  (of both the advocacy and the                                                                                           
  learning work)                                                                                                          

  WISP to disseminate the                                                                                                 
  experiences globally (links to                                                                                          
  4.2)                                                                                                                    

  **Output 3.3: Change in                                                                                                 
  strategies and perceptions                                                                                              
  within major donors,                                                                                                    
  multi-lateral agencies, and                                                                                             
  global events in support of                                                                                             
  pastoralism,**                                                                                                          

  Identify contacts and key                                                                                                
  actors/positions within main                                                                                            
  organisations to target with                                                                                            
  information                                                                                                             

  Solicit feedback from key                                                                                                
  actors on organisational                                                                                                
  attitudes, prejudices,                                                                                                  
  knowledge gaps, policy                                                                                                  
  opportunities (possible survey)                                                                                         

  Empower key individuals within                                                                                          
  each organisation through                                                                                               
  information dissemination,                                                                                              
  experience sharing and                                                                                                  
  technical input, either by WISP                                                                                         
  or its members/partners                                                                                                 

  Use contacts to challenge bad                                                                                            
  practice when it occus in their                                                                                         
  country offices                                                                                                         

  **Output 4.1: Pastoralists are                                                                                          
  at the centre of the                                                                                                    
  development process, including                                                                                          
  design, implementation and                                                                                              
  monitoring of the project.**                                                                                            

  Identify one pastoral                                                                                                    
  institution per region to be                                                                                            
  involved in programme                                                                                                   
  development (as a member of the                                                                                         
  Partners Coordinating                                                                                                   
  Committee) and if possible link                                                                                         
  this with the broader capacity                                                                                          
  building process (to make it                                                                                            
  more cost effective)                                                                                                    

  Attend regional pastoral                                                                                                 
  gatherings to present WISP and                                                                                          
  elicit feedback and input from                                                                                          
  pastoralists (WISP                                                                                                      
  representative)                                                                                                         

  **Output 4.2: Enhanced                                                                                                  
  capacities of pastoralists and                                                                                          
  local development partners to                                                                                           
  develop follow-on (stand alone)                                                                                         
  projects promoting sustainable                                                                                          
  pastoral land management.**                                                                                             

  Identify priority stakeholders                                                                                           
  on each thematic study who will                                                                                         
  commit to using, shaping and                                                                                            
  'championing' the advocacy                                                                                              
  tools                                                                                                                   

  Financial support to trained                                                                                            
  actors (c.f. output 2.1) to                                                                                             
  implement studies in home                                                                                               
  country                                                                                                                 

  Use WISP profile to support key                                                                                         
  partners in securing funds for                                                                                          
  pastoral rights and development                                                                                         
  work (5 country visits by WISP                                                                                          
  representative)                                                                                                         

  **Output 4.3: Adaptive                                                                                                  
  management and participatory                                                                                            
  monitoring and evaluation of                                                                                            
  project impact**                                                                                                        

  Develop a project inception                                                                                             
  report and facilitate an                                                                                                
  inception meeting to agree on                                                                                           
  the activity plan                                                                                                       

  Explore ways of making the                                                                                              
  Partners Coordinating Committee                                                                                         
  more representative of                                                                                                  
  pastoralists form all regions                                                                                           
  of the world                                                                                                            

  Log frame to be refined and                                                                                             
  indicators of impact of                                                                                                 
  individual activities to be                                                                                             
  identified and considered as a                                                                                          
  the primary monitoring tool                                                                                             

  Clarify assumptions associated                                                                                          
  with each outcome and test for                                                                                          
  validity                                                                                                                

  Project M&E Framework                                                                                                    
  (consultant to draft framework,                                                                                         
  M&E workshop)                                                                                                           
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Review of verifiable indicators 

The indicators at outcome level have been reviewed and modified to be
more precise and achievable -- refer to the logframe (revised) in annexe
2. These indicators should form the basis of WISP's monitoring and
evaluation plan. The indicators will be further developed and reviewed
in conjunction with monitoring and evaluation of WISP.

# Strategies to link with and strengthen existing pastoralist networks

WISP will maintain strong communication with other networks and will
contribute to their events and activities. WISP will also seek to
partner closely with these networks at regional level as discussed
above. Regional and national networks will be primary targets for
capacity building for policy dialogue and their needs will be
accommodated at the planning stage of each new study to ensure that
advocacy tools are tailored to their needs.

# Dovetailing on activities of institutions working in pastoralist related fields

WISP will use its resources to gather the work of such institutions and
synthesise global-level analyses on thematic areas to improve experience
sharing. WISP's role is also to take pure research and use it to develop
advocacy tools, which then form the basis for capacity building of
national and regional institutions to carry out policy advocacy work.
WISP will also provide a channel for pastoral voice to influence the
priorities of such institutions, potentially leading to partnership for
future research activities.

# Role of the private sector

The PRODOC points out that the role of the private sector has not been
clearly captured, for example with respect to marketing or value adding
on pastoralist products, and that it needs to be articulated more
clearly in the inception report. An option could be for one of the best
practice studies to explore successful private sector initiatives in
pastoral development. Another option that has been suggested from
Central Asia is to get the private sector to host regional and national
pastoral events. A third option is to develop further the plan for
certification of pastoralist products in one or two pilot countries. All
these options remain to be discussed and shaped according to the input
from members of WISP-net.

# Leveraging additional resources to WISP

There are two areas where WISP will need to leverage additional
resources:

1.  Assisting partners at regional and national level with good
    arguments, support visits to their donors and use of WISP branding;

2.  Getting more funds for WISP directly -- either money from core
    donors, or through contribution to individual activities and
    studies. For the latter, expressions of interest will be circulated
    thorough WISP-net.

Some additional funds have already been either leveraged or are
possible, including IFAD (US\$200,000), PCI (US\$100,000), IUCN-NL (East
Africa -- US\$80,000, West Africa -- US\$75,000). To secure additional
core donors, WISP will actively network with donor representatives, as
detailed in output 3.3, to identify entry points and to maintain
pressure to understand pastoralist issues.

# Annexe 1: Notes from the Pastoralist Gathering in Ethiopia

Pastoralists from twenty five diverse countries met to express their
concerns and hopes for the future. The countries they represented ranged
from east to west -- Mongolia to Mauritania -- and from north to south
-- Canada to Chile. Despite great differences in geography and culture,
they had one thing in common: dependence on livestock and pastures for
their livelihoods. In sharing their experiences with each other,
pastoralists from around the world found they had many common problems,
aims and solutions.

These were their main views:

## Priority issues:

### Security of pastoral land rights 

From Kenya: "The real issue is how pastoralists access their rights --
because the rights are not new, they are rights the pastoralists already
have. Traditional basis for rights, like ancestral and hereditary land
rights, do not necessarily match the rights the government will protect
in reality. But pastoralists have been organising to get governments to
be more accountable".

### Improved access to education, especially for women

From Iran: "Mobile schools are able to increase the access of
pastoralist boys and girls to education".

From Ethiopia: "Women are the hidden advisors behind men...access to
education is access to change".

From Canada: "...it can take a long time to build consensus. The key to
this is education and building awareness".

### Appropriate health and veterinary services 

Iran: "There is a system of creating 'para vets' which means that some
pastoralists from each community are trained by the government to learn
how to administer the drugs for the animals".

### Reduction of conflict between pastoralist groups

From Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania: "Conflict is over water, cattle and
land. Some conflicts are old, others are new, but many agree that
politicians often make them worse. We have come to this meeting seeking
for peace and we are ready to sit down and look for peace with other
peoples. Strength relies on different partners in development".

### Improved access to markets and increased value from pastoral products

From Tajikistan: "We have learned that there are international
organisations that regulate trade. This is important because the
countries around Tajikistan have closed borders and we need to know more
about how to open them".

### Pastoral groups need to organise themselves to represent their interests at national and international levels. 

From Argentina: "Our strongest bargaining tool with the government is
that we don't depend on anyone; we organise things for ourselves".

From Mali and India: "One common challenge for many pastoralists is how
they can come together to join different peoples and tribes to negotiate
with the government".

## Aims and solutions:

## International recognition that:

### Pastoralists make important economic contributions to their countries

Peru: "...has three million alpacas and is the world's largest producer.
Alpaca producers have made associations and we have improved quality and
learnt how to better penetrate world markets".

### Mobile grazing systems are environmentally beneficial

Spain: "In the mountains, pastoralists continue traditions of
herding...following the seasons using common byways...Pastoralists will
survive. We will give new hope to the world that we are able to look
after our natural resources and preserve biodiversity".

### Cultural values of pastoralist groups be respected 

Palestine/Israel: "To all pastoralists: you are strong people and you
can change the situation because you are the ones that have survived all
throughout the difficult years. No one can ignore you any more".

### Pastoralists require a voice in decisions which affect their future

Mongolia: "The world will now hear pastoralist voices, and when they go
home they will be able to affect the local government which will affect
the regional government which will affect the national government which
will affect

## For the purposes of the WISP project, the following outputs were achieved:

-   WISP was discussed in one "plenary" presentation and an informal
    setting with pastoralists and partners attending the event; GEFSEC's
    preliminary review of WISP was also discussed, with a consensus that
    a "targeted research" approach was not the most appropriate one for
    the vision and scope of WISP.

-   The Project Logical Framework was fine tuned, and focused

-   The mechanism of a "Pastoral Advisory Committee" was developed

-   The TOR and membership of the project coordinating committee was
    defined and finalized

-   Operational agreements were reached with several key partners, and
    the role of IUCN as executing agency was confirm

# Annexe 2: WISP advocacy strategy

WISP is designed to produce four outcomes: enhanced knowledge
management, capacity building (for policy dialogue/advocacy), advocacy
for pastoral sustainable natural resource management and learning
through consultation with pastoralists. These multiple outcomes are not
mutually exclusive and in fact will be best achieved through a
comprehensive approach that combines knowledge management, capacity
building and advocacy through collaboration with pastoralists. The
approach should be to build capacity, of pastoralists and pastoral
institutions, for advocacy and policy dialogue, through improving the
access to and use of pastoral knowledge.

In practice this will be done through partnership with a variety of
agencies in different countries, which will be supported to manage and
process knowledge for the sake of contributing to national policy
dialogue. These partners could be pastoral associations, Civil Society
Organisations or parliamentary groups and they will be required to
demonstrate in what capacity they represent pastoralists in their
country. The partners will be required to involve pastoralists in the
planning and execution of their advocacy/policy research, which will
ensure that pastoralists are central to the process and will also serve,
in many cases, to strengthen ties between pastoralists and those
advocating on their behalf. Wherever possible the preference will be
given to working directly with pastoralists, but it is recognised that
in many countries this is not an option and that WISP has an opportunity
to implement the advocacy work in a way that encourages stronger
linkages between pastoralists and the institutions that purport to act
in their interest, thereby facilitating a greater accountability of
those institutions.

Thematic areas for study have been broadly selected through the
Pastoralist Advisory Group (the pastoral gathering at Turmi, Ethiopia,
in 2005). At the outset of each thematic study, members of WISP will be
consulted to identify appropriate partner organisations, with certain
criteria such as:

-   An existing opportunity within the country for using the thematic
    study to engage in policy dialogue

-   Linkage to pastoralists in the country (e.g. the agency would be a
    Pastoral Association, Pastoral Parliamentary group, Civil Society
    Network)

-   Clear plan of action for engagement of pastoralists in the overall
    policy process

-   Willingness and resources to become a regional focal point for
    sharing the advocacy tools more widely (supporting access to the
    necessary resources could be part of WISP's capacity building
    engagement)

-   Selected partners will come from different regions

The studies would be conducted by the national partner organisation,
either directly or by contracting an appropriate local consultant, and
will thus contribute to the capacity building objectives of WISP. WISP
would provide a small fund for the study, but it is expected that the
partner would also contribute its own resources, whether financial or
human. WISP would provide technical backup in the form of advice from
members of the Coordinating Committee, from other key allies in the
scientific community or from an international consultant where necessary
-- this advisor will act as mentor to the national partner. This advice
would particularly inform the planning of the study and the development
of the policy briefs emanating from the research. A Framework Terms of
Reference for the study would be provided, which the partner would
complete under the guidance of the mentor. Depending on the capacity of
the partner, more formal capacity building (i.e. training) could be made
available, possibly through a deeper engagement with the mentor.

In the aftermath of the study, each partner will prepare a report
detailing the process of the policy dialogue, the outcomes and an
assessment of the effectiveness of their tools. These reports will be
compiled into an overall synthesis report with recommendations for
further use of the tools or methods. The draft of these synthesis
reports will be presented to pastoralists at regional and global
gatherings, or at smaller events if appropriate. This will provide
further opportunity for pastoralists to provide comment and feedback on
the relevance and appropriateness of the studies and tools. The final
'tool kit' will be made available to all WISP members and to a wider
audience. Thereafter WISP will continue to facilitate such work in other
countries by supporting new country partners to identify and access the
necessary resources and supporting the initial national partner to
become a regional resource institution that can mentor other agencies.

Through this approach WISP will be able to facilitate national level
advocacy whilst building the capacity of national pastoral
organisations/institutions, strengthening linkages between national
advocacy initiatives and pastoralists and improving the exchange of
information and experiences between countries and regions. The approach
will also be used with regional partners, where identified, to advocate
for pro-pastoral policy at the regional inter-governmental institutions
(e.g. Reseau des Pastores de l'Afrique de l'Ouest for ECOWAS). WISP will
also directly assist in the process of raising the profile of
pastoralism through lobbying at regional and global levels. For example:

1.  WISP will support Pastoralist Parliamentary Groups (PPGs) through
    both engagement in this policy work and also through direct support
    for PPG initiatives such as study tours, possibly under the auspices
    of a regional intergovernmental body;

2.  WISP will work directly with intergovernmental bodies, facilitating
    the convening of meetings where necessary, to ensure that
    pastoralists issues are more formally discussed -- for example, IUCN
    has already facilitated a number of meetings for the Directors of
    Conservation and Economic Planning in partnership with the
    secretariat of the East African Community

3.  At a global level WISP will lobby and advocate for more responsible
    inclusion and recognition of pastoralism into convention
    deliberations, and in particular of the CBD and CCD, for example
    through assisting pastoralists to come to such meetings, supporting
    side events, working with delegates and others to develop and table
    position papers and working with partners and government delegates
    to encourage them to make official statements at such meetings.

In the first year of WISP, three major studies are planned, based on the
thematic areas agreed in Turmi: Economics and Marketing, Rights,
Organisation of pastoralists. The first of these studies (the Economics
of Pastoralism) is underway ahead of this strategy being endorsed, and
the approach is more top down. However, mechanisms will be agreed for
identifying national partners to take the tools from this study and
apply them in their own country. The final products will also be
presented to pastoralists at one of the upcoming pastoral gatherings to
gain feedback on the relevance of the tools. Subsequent studies will
follow the approach detailed above, providing that the national interest
and opportunities are there.

The approach detailed here is designed to exploit opportunities as they
arise, rather than seeking to put pastoral issues on the agenda in the
first place. At this stage in WISP, given WISP's global mandate and
relatively low level of resources, this is a pragmatic decision that
could change during the course of the project. Other outputs of WISP
seek to target media and influence attitudes, or to influence
development/policy frameworks (e.g. PRSPs) and the outputs from the
studies will also provide generic tools that can be used in lobbying for
pastoral issues to be put on the table. As WISP grows it will need to
identify entry points in countries where pastoralist organisation and
representation is low.

# Annexe 3: Terms of reference for the Project Coordinating Committee

## Overview

The PCC is the core advisory group of WISP, consisting of donors,
pastoralists, scientists, government representatives and NGOs from
different regions. Initially the PCC is similar in composition to those
who attended the LPAC meeting (Local Project Appraisal Committee) held
in July 2005 in Nairobi, but the PCC seeks wider representation from
different regions and backgrounds and it is especially important to
ensure that pastoralists are included together with government
representatives.

The PCC provides overall guidance to the WISP's direction and
strategies, technical input and advice to ensure the relevance of WISP's
outputs and assists WISP in making and developing partnerships and other
relationships.

The PCC will predominantly be a virtual committee that conducts its work
through email, meeting face to face when it is expedient to do so (for
example at global convention meetings, or at global/regional pastoralist
gatherings). The formal meetings of the PCC will therefore be to some
extent opportunistic.

## Responsibilities

The PCC will:

1.  approve the inception report (which will include the first year's
    work plan);

2.  provide technical advice to guide policy and strategy, will ensure
    coordination among partners and will review project results and
    impacts;

3.  assist in identifying additional sources of co-financing and in
    ensuring that this is delivered on time to maximize impacts from the
    project;

4.  identify opportunities for additional synergies between their
    programmes and WISP;

5.  ensure that project outputs are disseminated within their own
    institutions and more widely as appropriate;

6.  assist with mainstreaming project outputs into government policies
    and legal institutions through their existing programmes and
    activities;

7.  support the executing agency to select partners for individual
    studies, through short listing and the development of selection
    criteria;

8.  will assist in identifying mentors/technical support for studies in
    the key thematic areas;

9.  give guidance on the technical merit of each study, with
    recommendations and support for formal publication and
    dissemination;

10. review individual studies, reports and other media outputs for
    publication/ dissemination by WISP;

11. provide a mid-term evaluation of the progress, relevance and quality
    of WISP (as part of the overall mid-term evaluation of the
    programme).

## Composition

12. The PCC will consist of representatives from the major partners
    involved directly in WISP, either as donors or as technical advisors

13. The PCC will include regional representatives, identified by
    participants at regional gatherings

14. The PCC will include government representatives, either identified
    through gatherings or identified as pastoral champions in their
    countries or regions

15. Quorum at formal meetings of the PCC is considered to be established
    when at least one third of the members of the PCC are present

16. The Chair of the PCC will be elected by members at each meeting and
    the secretary will be the Global Coordinator.

# Annexe 4: Terms of reference for the Project Management Unit

## Overview

The Project Management Unit (PMU) is the main management body of WISP,
consisting of the Global Coordinator, the executing agency (IUCN) and
the project donors. The PMU is the strategic guidance and programming
apparatus of the project. It will be the mechanism for administrative
oversight functions, such as the approval of the project's work plans
and overall guidance of WISP's implementation. The PMU's function is to
enable the smooth implementation of WISP activities and to ensure
compliance with donor and other stakeholders' expectations. Meetings of
the PMU will be convened as necessary.

## Responsibilities

1.  The PMU is responsible for the implementation of WISP activities and
    for building and maintaining the various partnerships that are
    central to WISP

2.  The PMU will approve the annual work plans, budgets and reports

3.  The PMU will assess the progress of WISP activities and will ensure
    that the project meets the targets of the project Logical Framework

4.  The PMU will advise the Executing Agency on the mobilization of
    funds for co-financing WISP and will support in leveraging
    additional funds during the implementation phase, including
    assistance with the preparation of individual country projects

5.  The PMU will ensure that the different, parallel streams of
    co-financing are coordinated, synergistic and non-duplicative

6.  The PMU will establish communication pathways for its members and
    foster partnerships with all stakeholders at various levels

7.  The PMU will maintain effective communication and consultation
    between all WISP partners and members

8.  The PMU will facilitate the disbursement of government and
    co-financers' contributions to the project (including financial,
    personnel and material contributions)

9.  The PMU will review and approve changes to project logical framework
    if and when necessary

10. The PMU will review and approve monitoring and evaluation reports
    and recommendations

## Composition

11. The Project Management Unit will consist of a representative from
    each donor agency, a representative of the executing agency and the
    Global Coordinator. The Secretary of the Committee will be the
    Global Coordinator, its Chair will be UNDP.

# Annexe 5: Minutes of the Inception Committee Meeting -- 02.03.06

## Agenda

1.  Introductions, plan for the meeting -- Maryam

2.  Brief update of the WISP activities -- Jon

3.  Means of agreeing the inception report -- Jon

    a.  Proposal: to be compiled on the basis of this meeting's
        discussions, translated and then emailed to WISP-net for
        consultation, giving two weeks to feedback

    b.  Changes to be accommodated and the final version circulated to
        PCC (probably first week of April) for final approval before
        uploading to the website

4.  Discussion of regional networks -- Maryam

    a.  What are the objectives of regional networks/hubs?

    b.  What benefits could regional representation bring?

    c.  What structures are needed to bring these benefits?

    d.  What are the costs of this?

5.  Management arrangements -- Maryam

    a.  Agree on membership of the Partners Coordinating Committee:
        should this be expanded to become a core "technical advisory
        group" that is consulted on programme development? Can there be
        greater regional coverage? How big should it become? What is the
        nature of the different types of partnership?

    b.  Pastoralist Advisory Group: currently a very passive entity --
        can it be defined further with nominated individuals or
        institutions from different regions who play a more active role
        in directing WISP (perhaps linked to capacity building
        outcomes)?

6.  Modalities and criteria for WISP partnerships and participation --
    Maryam or Jon

    a.  Discuss the table of indicative criteria in the GC's report

7.  Three year activity plan -- Jon

    a.  Participants to raise their concerns

8.  Review of indicators -- Jon

    a.  Discuss the proposed targets at outcome level -- indicators and
        assumption will be drawn from these targets later

    b.  Agree the process for completing the review of indicators

9.  Any other areas of concern or advice -- Maryam

    a.  Strategies to link with and strengthen existing pastoralist
        networks

    b.  Strategies to work with and dovetail on activities of
        institutions working in pastoralist related fields

    c.  Role of the private sector

    d.  Leveraging additional resources to WISP

10. Final check list of issues that should be included in the inception
    report

    a.  Discuss the list on page 1 of the GC's report

## Present

Alan Rodgers -- UNDP/GEF

Ced Hesse -- IIED dryland programme

Charles Nyandiga -- UNDP Kenya

Daoud Tari -- PCI

Desta Soloman -- Acord

Ed Barrow -- IUCN

Jonathan Davies -- IUCN (Secretary)

Kimani Kamau -- IUCN

Maryam Niamir Fuller -- UNDP GEF (Chair)

Michael Ochieng Odhiambo -- RECONCILE

Richard Grahn -- Oxfam

Zeinabu Khaly -- UNDP

### Opening remarks

WISP has been a long time in preparation, dating back to the early
1990s, and has gradually coalesced over the past four years in
particular. During that time there have been many people involved in
conceptualising WISP and a number of significant changes in the nature
of WISP as the plans have evolved. Now that WISP is a reality and the
budget for the immediate future is known, we can begin the process of
implementing WISP.

The budget for WISP is rather small, but that may be a blessing in
disguise, shaping the approach between WISP and partners. This meeting
will help to bring clarity to the way that WISP will engage with
partners and the means that WISP will employ to deliver its outcomes.
This meeting gives a chance to strategise WISP's partnerships,
governance structures and other ways of working to ensure that WISP
supports pastoralists to present themselves as capable and effective
custodians of rangelands.

Rural people can and do care about conservation and biodiversity and
work with pastoralists has demonstrated this. The traditional thinking
has been that conservation is about national parks, and sadly that
attitude still pervades. We have to show that to succeed in conservation
we have to work with the people who use the resources, namely the
pastoralists.

The three main requirements from this meeting are:

1.  Validate the logical framework of the project

2.  Review the annual work plan

3.  Understand the various partnerships and agree the governance
    structures

Underlying questions and issues include:

1.  What can US\$1million for three years practically do?

2.  What are the criteria for selecting knowledge issues where WISP will
    focus?

3.  What sort of capacity building can realistically be achieved with
    the money? WISp should support the self-organisation of
    pastoralists, but there are other important areas to consider.

4.  Who are the targets of our advocacy? Government, pastoralists and
    pastoral institutions, NGOs?

5.  How to use IUCN's advantage for engaging with global processes (CBD,
    CCD) and for lobbying and convening government and other actors in
    all regions?

### Update on WISP

Participants updated the committee on the activities of WISP over the
past year and also on related activities of other agencies. Further
details of WISP's activities will be included in the inception report
and the content and recommendations of these minutes will also be
reflected in the inception report.

### Regional networks

During the two year period of WISP's design a number of plans for
regionalisation of WISP were mooted, and were captured in the PRODOC.
Some of these plans reflect different scenarios; in particular the
greater level of funding that was originally expected. Now that WISP's
funds for the next period are known, the inception committee gave their
thoughts on the role of regional partners and hubs:

## Needs

-   WISP needs to work with the formal regions (the intergovernmental
    bodies) -- IUCN and UNDP already have mechanisms to engage

-   A region isn't a fixed definition and WISP could work with regional
    bodies in different ways and with different coverage

-   The idea of pilot countries may be less appropriate now that the
    WISP budget is so much lower

-   A liaison point is required at regional level

-   There is no need to only have one 'hub' per region -- there will be
    partnerships and relationships with various partners at regional and
    national levels, with different roles (communications, organisation,
    etc.) -- the group listed in the PRODOC could have a transitional
    role and this may need to be discussed with them to see where their
    interests lie and what hey can bring

-   WISP needs to have regional presence in some form outside of East
    Africa, but this means identifying focal points or 'champions' --
    ultimately WISP must reach pastoralists and this requires national
    work

## Roles

-   The roles of the regions may include communication, organisation and
    coordination of regional gatherings and possibly resource
    mobilisation (using WISP's image to access funds for regional
    events)

-   Regional networks have a key role as focal point or lead/entry point
    for the flow of information

-   The regions may have a role in knowledge management and particularly
    in improving the input from pastoralists

-   Regions could be involved in setting terms of reference for capacity
    building work

-   The regional cooperating networks will be invaluable in raising
    resources and at times they will be a necessary conduit for WISP
    funds

-   Regional focal points would be advocates for the region: the region
    which articulates itself better will get the most out of WISP

-   WISP's contributions are international contacts, influence and
    global reach so discussions with potential partners should be more
    about agenda than funds -- how WISP can help move their agendas
    forward

## Preferences

-   WISP should be fostering networks to grow from within regions and
    support them to grow rather than imposing new structures -- so not
    regional bodies of WISP, but rather WISP's support to regional
    bodies

-   WISP should take stock of what exists through a regional level
    assessment and then identify where it can engage

-   Focus on networking rather than networks

-   WISP needs to keep the flexibility to be opportunistic and take
    advantage of events planned by others in the field

## Governance

-   A seat on the coordinating committee is probably required

-   Replicating coordinating structures at regional levels could be
    considered in the future, but at this early stage it may be best to
    avoid delegation of coordinating functions to regional sub
    committees

-   However, it is necessary for the regions to have some structure and
    flexibility and not be controlled by the centre

-   More analysis of roles and costs is needed, but regional budgets
    will not come entirely from WISP's funds. However, the centre may
    need to keep some influence over what the regional offices raise
    funds for. Decentralising governance of WISP can be re-examined
    later on, since the central coordinating committee will want to
    maintain some sort of oversight

### Partnerships

The GC's report contained a crude list of the range of partnerships that
were detailed in the PRODOC. The term 'partner' has been used in a range
of cases, leading to some confusion over what partnership entails. The
inception committee agrees over the need for clarity with the following
recommendations:

-   The so-called criteria in the table consists of both criteria for
    partnership and also mechanisms for linking up with partners; these
    are to be separated out

-   Private sector and government should be included -- they fit in the
    various categories already detailed, but some examples would be
    helpful

-   Targets of WISP-net communication ('WISP members') are missing

-   Note that the various forms of partnerships are not mutually
    exclusive -- an agent could be in more than one category

-   Funding partners are missing -- however, key partnerships go beyond
    funding and WISP can define the types of partners and what is sought
    from them: beyond that it is a bi-lateral discussion

-   Include regional partners in WISP's work -- those carrying out the
    advocacy work and using the tools of WISP

-   Partners also have responsibility and it is not only for WISP to be
    accountable to them

-   Include WISP regional and National hubs (contacts)

-   Include national champions to take the various processes forward

-   Include CBD/CCD focal points

### Governance Structures 

The organogram in the PRODOC was discussed and recommendations were
made, in particular to overcome the current East Africa domination in
coordination. A revised organogram was presented, which will be detailed
in the draft inception report:

-   East Africa focus can be overcome by shifting the donors in the core
    management unit (PMU), which is distinct from the PCC (although
    members of the PMU would automatically be members of the PCC)

-   PMU would be responsible for approving work plans and budgets

-   The PCC (the core policy group) might not be a face-to-face group:
    meetings may be infrequent and much of the input would be by email,
    although PCC meetings could be linked to regional gatherings or
    other events. A system of quorum should be agreed upon

-   PCC could include pastoral or regional representatives in future,
    possibly identified through gatherings, and thus the PCC is open
    ended and will grow -- through pastoral and government
    representation

-   Members of the PCC will be called upon to represent WISP at
    different events. The ToR for the PCC needs to be developed and
    used, and a ToR is required for the PMU

-   A peer review process is still required to avoid duplication of
    existing research and to ensure that WISP keeps pushing back
    knowledge frontiers -- formerly there was a proposed 'scientific
    committee' for this purpose, which was replaced by the pastoralists
    advisory group. This scientific advisory role is now a key function
    now of the PCC

-   The Pastoralist Advisory Group (PAG) consists of pastoral gatherings
    (global and regional). The PAG guides thematic planning by WISP,
    setting the agenda for focal areas, and will also be presented with
    preliminary reports of WISP's work for its comment and approval and
    to ensure a system of 'reality checks' for WISP's work ahead of
    completing final reports

-   There should be a government presence on the PCC; ideally through
    government champions who are motivated to participate in WISP and
    possibly selected through regional gatherings in the same way as
    pastoralist members of the PCC

-   The organogram should be developed to include national level
    partnership, to include the intermediary institutions around the
    world (regional partnerships) and also to include global processes
    (CBD, CCD)

-   Identify who has been involved at different stages in the history of
    WISP and check where they fit in this governance structure (e.g
    CILSS, CENESTA)

### Gatherings

-   Need strong processes of selection of participants in regional
    gatherings if these fora are to be used for selecting regional PCC
    members

-   Desirable to have an overlap between gatherings for the sake of
    institutional memory -- it is proposed that regional PCC members
    could attend other region's gatherings for this purpose

-   Gatherings may be global, regional or national

### Project targets

A number of targets in the logframe were discussed for clarity:

-   Decision support tools and scenario building will be included in the
    work plan and funds will be identified

-   Certification of pastoral products -- WISP needs to play a role of
    linking pastoralist producer groups (e.g. learn from the Iranian
    participants at Turmi) -- GC to follow up with IFOAM, Forest
    Stewardship Council (regional body for certification) and other
    avenues for collaboration

### Comments on the work plan

-   UNESCO conference no longer appropriate, although another conference
    in Algeria in December will discuss policy implications in the
    drylands, which is more pertinent

-   Ensure slack in the work plan to enable opportunism and
    responsiveness

-   Present the work plan in a matrix

-   If the main studies become more participative/consultative then the
    implications for work timing are massive

-   WISP does not need to be in the lead for all activities all the time

-   Significant time must be committed to communicating and emailing in
    order to get other people interested

-   The Spanish gathering is missing form the work plan

### Inception reporting process

Accepted to accommodate the outputs of this meeting in a draft inception
report and circulate for further input through WISP-net ahead of
compiling the final inception report.

### General Recommendations

-   Four key comments contributed by PCI are to be rewritten as
    recommendations and included in the inception report (see Annexe 6)

    -   WISP studies should work closely with pastoralists and not
        simply be desk studies -- the pastoralists should feel involved
        if they are to own and use the knowledge -- this will legitimise
        the research in the communities

    -   Need to strongly influence media to assist pastoralists, such as
        through making films to share advocacy experiences

    -   There is no rush to nominate members of WISP's governance bodies
        -- use the first year to identify partners to influence WISP and
        exercise caution

-   It will take time to get the right representation and around the
    world the situation differs greatly, so a strong communication
    strategy is essential and patience is required

-   WISP must confront the challenges of the politics of advocacy and
    recognise that this is not something WISP can do itself -- its role
    is to equip citizens in different countries and to ensure that
    advocacy tools are designed for the right people

-   Website:

    -   Find out from partners what they want from the website by
        sending out questions through WISP-net

    -   Explore developing the database of pastoral groups and
        institutions and displaying on maps on the website

    -   Search for other websites to ensure that WISP does not duplicate
        purpose and to link the various sites better

    -   Ensure that the website provides key arguments relating to
        ongoing policy debates, with information on individual cases

-   Advocacy:

    -   Need a page in the inception report to flesh out what we mean by
        advocacy -- both influencing policy and logically arranging the
        facts -- consider the context, what we want to do and how, and
        who will do it

-   Pastoral representation:

    -   Setting the agenda through the PAG, which largely consists of
        regional and global gatherings

    -   Promoting the direct role of pastoralists in research, through
        communication and brokering linkages between pastoralists and
        researchers

    -   The current economic study must ensure pastoralists'
        contribution, although balancing this with the immediate need
        for advocacy tools and tangible outputs from WISP (for the sake
        of credibility) -- WISP should consider how to get pastoral
        viewpoints included in the short time available, for example
        through presentation and discussion at one of the upcoming
        pastoral gatherings

-   Prioritisation:

    -   Opportunism is required, especially at the outset of WISP: when
        we know what partners are doing we can react

    -   A more strategic approach can be developed over time, to
        prioritise areas of work, on the basis of consultation with a
        wide range of stakeholders

    -   WISP is in a particularly strong position to make the
        environmental and land management arguments for pastoralism at
        different levels and within the context of the MDGs

    -   WISP should also play a lead role in influencing global
        processes and bringing pastoralist voices into those processes
        (e.g. CCD, CBD)

-   Comment clarify output 4.3 -- there is a need for some sort of
    representation, but need to know what is in mind and where it is
    going

-   Clarify what is meant by Capacity building: know-how, skills,
    knowledge, approaches

-   WISP, with its position in IUCN, can focus more on the environmental
    issues surrounding pastoralism, in particular economic valuation of
    alternative land uses. Numerous economic studies are ongoing and
    need to be linked in (check with IIED). Many GEF projects are
    working on land degradation and are keen to get toolkits for
    economic studies.

-   It would be easier to manage all this information through a database
    of knowledge products and actors

-   WISP should be pro-active in linking in to other initiatives, such
    the TerreAfrica initiative of the World Bank

### Concluding comment

The recommendations and insights from this meeting will be captured in
the draft inception report, which will be circulated to all members of
WISP-net for a final consultation ahead of completion of the inception
report. The final report will be uploaded to the WISP website and become
a core document for guiding WISP implementation. However, many of the
idea raised will be returned to during the course of WISP's
implementation and there will be ongoing evolution of the ways of
working as WISP gains experience and as key partners, and in particular
pastoralists, feedback into the initiative.

# Annexe 6: Recommendations from PCI

WISP should start with knowledge for pastoralists and work with them to
create the advocacy tools, rather than conducting studies in isolation.
WISP should identify partners to work with pastoralists to do the
research and to create the frameworks for analysis and presentation.
Pastoralists would take this knowledge and rattle at the gates of the
ministries, parliaments and UN conferences with it. WISP partners should
ensure that the studies are rigorous, so that they are seen as
legitimate, while putting the knowledge firmly in the hands of
pastoralists who will use it tirelessly, despite the political forces
that will try to deny the truths that they espouse.

WISP should support regional and national partners to work with
pastoralists to form their own advocacy strategies and to use advocacy
tools. This could be done by supporting meetings, debates and other
communication mechanisms including ICTs to which pastoralists have
access. Pastoralists would also need to learn about the legal and
constitutional background to issues of importance and would need to
develop suitable language for their advocacy arguments. They could be
supported to link up with other groups with whom they would have common
ground. They could be supported to speak on the TV and the radio, and to
engage with the media generally. They could be supported to come and
speak at international events, as WISP has already done. This relies on
the organisations that are acting as intermediaries being facilitators
rather than advocates.

WISP should speak about advocacy experiences at pastoralist gatherings
and perhaps make films that can move from one pastoralist group to
another, rather than writing down advocacy experiences. This would allow
pastoralists to think and speak and would challenge them to put aside
any fatalism and dependence on outsiders.

WISP should create a small but very principled committee to supervise
the co-ordinator and have it advised by a set of pastoralist gatherings.
Perhaps it would be possible to create a set of rules about how the
ideas coming from pastoralist gatherings would be considered by the
committee and incorporated into changes in WISP's direction. The
committee would thus be a body with very efficient ears and an excellent
capability to respond.

# Annexe 7: logframe with revised indicators at outcome level

+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Goal,      | Ob        |        |            | Sources  | Ass      |
| Objectives | jectively |        |            | of       | umptions |
| and        | v         |        |            | veri     |          |
| Outcomes   | erifiable |        |            | fication |          |
|            | i         |        |            |          |          |
|            | ndicators |        |            |          |          |
+============+===========+========+============+==========+==========+
|            | Indicator | Ba     | Target     |          |          |
|            |           | seline |            |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Overall    |           |        |            |          |          |
| goal: To   |           |        |            |          |          |
| enhance    |           |        |            |          |          |
| the        |           |        |            |          |          |
| enabling   |           |        |            |          |          |
| e          |           |        |            |          |          |
| nvironment |           |        |            |          |          |
| for        |           |        |            |          |          |
| s          |           |        |            |          |          |
| ustainable |           |        |            |          |          |
| rangeland  |           |        |            |          |          |
| m          |           |        |            |          |          |
| anagement, |           |        |            |          |          |
| improved   |           |        |            |          |          |
| pastoral   |           |        |            |          |          |
| li         |           |        |            |          |          |
| velihoods, |           |        |            |          |          |
| and        |           |        |            |          |          |
| pastoral   |           |        |            |          |          |
| e          |           |        |            |          |          |
| mpowerment |           |        |            |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Immediate  |           |        |            |          | Projects |
| objective: |           |        |            |          | working  |
| to         |           |        |            |          | with     |
| advocate   |           |        |            |          | pas      |
| and engage |           |        |            |          | toralism |
| in         |           |        |            |          | c        |
| capacity   |           |        |            |          | ooperate |
| building   |           |        |            |          | with     |
| in support |           |        |            |          | WISP and |
| of         |           |        |            |          | that     |
| pastoral   |           |        |            |          | co-f     |
| s          |           |        |            |          | inancing |
| ustainable |           |        |            |          | is       |
| land       |           |        |            |          | a        |
| m          |           |        |            |          | vailable |
| anagement, |           |        |            |          | to       |
| through a  |           |        |            |          | deliver  |
| catalytic  |           |        |            |          | on all   |
| p          |           |        |            |          | the      |
| artnership |           |        |            |          | outcomes |
| between    |           |        |            |          |          |
| pas        |           |        |            |          |          |
| toralists, |           |        |            |          |          |
| donors, UN |           |        |            |          |          |
| agencies,  |           |        |            |          |          |
| NGOs and   |           |        |            |          |          |
| the        |           |        |            |          |          |
| private    |           |        |            |          |          |
| sector.    |           |        |            |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Outcome 1: | Number of | Some   | -          | Avai     | Pastoral |
| Better     | c         | ad hoc |   Research | lability | ga       |
| ap         | ritically | re     |            | of       | therings |
| preciation | important | search |  community | k        | are able |
| of mobile  | and       | pro    |            | nowledge | to       |
| p          | state-o   | cesses |  generates | p        | identify |
| astoralism | f-the-art |        |            | roducts, | k        |
| as a form  | knowledge | under  | knowledge, | research | nowledge |
| of         | m         | way,   |     based  | and      | products |
| productive | anagement | inc    |     on the | advocacy | that are |
| and        | products  | luding |     needs  | tools    | in       |
| s          | on        | LEAD,  |     as     |          | novative |
| ustainable | pa        | IIED,  |            | E        | and      |
| land       | storalism | PCI,   | identified | ffective | timely   |
| m          |           | but it |     by     | p        | within   |
| anagement, |           | has    |     pas    | ackaging | the      |
| to promote |           | not    | toralists, | of       | three    |
| poverty    |           | been   |     by end | products | years of |
| a          |           | pa     |     of     | reported | the      |
| lleviation |           | ckaged |     3^rd^  | by end   | project  |
| and        |           | effect |     year   | users/   |          |
| ecosystem  |           | ively, |     that   | partners |          |
| integrity  |           | and    |     can be |          |          |
| within the |           | there  |     used   | Global   |          |
| agro-      |           | are    |     to     | and      |          |
| ecological |           | key    |            | regional |          |
| landscape  |           | gaps   |    promote | pastoral |          |
|            |           |        |     public | ga       |          |
|            |           |        |     r      | therings |          |
|            |           |        | ecognition | verify   |          |
|            |           |        |     of the | the      |          |
|            |           |        |     value  | priority |          |
|            |           |        |     of     | of the   |          |
|            |           |        |     p      | k        |          |
|            |           |        | astoralism | nowledge |          |
|            |           |        |            | products |          |
|            |           |        | -   All    | and      |          |
|            |           |        |            | evaluate |          |
|            |           |        |  knowledge | the      |          |
|            |           |        |            | outputs  |          |
|            |           |        |   products |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  generated |          |          |
|            |           |        |     are    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   packaged |          |          |
|            |           |        |     e      |          |          |
|            |           |        | ffectively |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  informing |          |          |
|            |           |        |     pas    |          |          |
|            |           |        | toralists, |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        | stitutions |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   decision |          |          |
|            |           |        |     makers |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     end of |          |          |
|            |           |        |     the    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |  Knowledge |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   products |          |          |
|            |           |        |     fill   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3-4    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     key    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | identified |          |          |
|            |           |        |     gaps   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     ap     |          |          |
|            |           |        | preciation |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralism |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     end of |          |          |
|            |           |        |     the    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Number of | V      | By the     | Annual   | Decision |
| 1.1:       | newly     | arious | 2^nd^      | progress | makers   |
| Innovative | developed | s      | year,      | reports  | can be   |
| analytical | ap        | tudies | three      |          | in       |
| tools in   | propriate | and    | studies    |          | fluenced |
| three key  | and       | re     | completed  |          | by sound |
| areas      | i         | search | by a range |          | economic |
| (rights,   | nnovative | data   | of         |          | a        |
| economics  | a         | avai   | national   |          | rguments |
| and        | nalytical | lable, | partners   |          |          |
| marketing, | tools     | ho     | and drawn  |          |          |
| and        |           | wever, | together   |          |          |
| or         |           | they   | for a      |          |          |
| ganization |           | are    | global     |          |          |
| of         |           | not    | overview   |          |          |
| pas        |           | easily | with       |          |          |
| toralists) |           | transf | recom      |          |          |
|            |           | erable | mendations |          |          |
|            |           | to     |            |          |          |
|            |           | de     |            |          |          |
|            |           | cision |            |          |          |
|            |           | makers |            |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Number of | No     | -   By the | Annual   | Policy   |
| 1.2:       | state-o   | r      |     end of | progress | impact   |
| Analyses   | f-the-art | eviews |     the    | reports  | reviews  |
| and        | reviews   |        |     first  |          | can be   |
| reviews of |           | Re     |     year,  |          | co       |
| impact of  |           | gional |     one    |          | nvincing |
| current    |           | e      |     study  |          | to       |
| policies   |           | fforts |     on the |          | decision |
| on         |           | in     |            |          | makers   |
| p          |           | West   |    general |          | at all   |
| astoralism |           | Africa |            |          | levels   |
| within the |           | to     |   pastoral |          |          |
| wider      |           | i      |     policy |          |          |
| landscape  |           | mprove |     e      |          |          |
|            |           | policy | nvironment |          |          |
|            |           | formu  |            |          |          |
|            |           | lation |  completed |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   By the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     end of |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year,  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     one    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     study  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of a   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   selected |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     policy |          |          |
|            |           |        |     theme  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     (e.g.  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     land)  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  completed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     with   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     policy |          |          |
|            |           |        |     recom  |          |          |
|            |           |        | mendations |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     one    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     study  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     on the |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | conditions |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    leading |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   positive |          |          |
|            |           |        |     policy |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   selected |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  countries |          |          |
|            |           |        |     (e.g.  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     Mali,  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     Spain) |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Number of | Best   | By the end | Annual   | Lessons  |
| 1.3: Best  | best      | pra    | of the     | progress | can be   |
| practice   | practice  | ctices | 2^nd^      | reports  | extr     |
| knowledge  | manuals,  | exist  | year, five |          | apolated |
| products   | guides    | in a   | best       |          | to other |
| available  | and other | number | practice   |          | contexts |
|            | knowledge | of     | manuals    |          | and      |
|            | products  | th     | published  |          | si       |
|            |           | ematic | (e.g.      |          | tuations |
|            |           | areas  | innovative |          |          |
|            |           | but    | te         |          |          |
|            |           | very   | chnologies |          |          |
|            |           | rarely | for        |          |          |
|            |           | shared | increasing |          |          |
|            |           | at     | pastoral   |          |          |
|            |           | global | p          |          |          |
|            |           | level  | roduction, |          |          |
|            |           |        | mobile     |          |          |
|            |           |        | service    |          |          |
|            |           |        | delivery,  |          |          |
|            |           |        | conflict   |          |          |
|            |           |        | r          |          |          |
|            |           |        | esolution, |          |          |
|            |           |        | tra        |          |          |
|            |           |        | nsboundary |          |          |
|            |           |        | mechanisms |          |          |
|            |           |        | in support |          |          |
|            |           |        | of         |          |          |
|            |           |        | tra        |          |          |
|            |           |        | nshumance, |          |          |
|            |           |        | p          |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralism |          |          |
|            |           |        | for        |          |          |
|            |           |        | bi         |          |          |
|            |           |        | odiversity |          |          |
|            |           |        | con        |          |          |
|            |           |        | servation) |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Data      | No     | -   By end | Annual   | Data     |
| 1.4: Data  | Bases on  | global |     of     | Progress | bases    |
| bases      | pa        | or     |     2^nd^  | Reports  | are      |
| available  | storalism | re     |     year,  |          | useful   |
| on         |           | gional |     a data |          | sta      |
| p          |           | num    |     base   |          | tistical |
| astoralism |           | erical |     of     |          | inf      |
|            |           | or     |            |          | ormation |
|            |           | s      |   pastoral |          | for      |
|            |           | patial |     as     |          | decision |
|            |           | data   | sociations |          | makers   |
|            |           | ava    |     and    |          |          |
|            |           | ilable |     org    |          | Data     |
|            |           | on     | anizations |          | base of  |
|            |           | pasto  |            |          | pastoral |
|            |           | ralism | -   By end |          | asso     |
|            |           |        |     of     |          | ciations |
|            |           |        |     first  |          | will     |
|            |           |        |     year,  |          | assist   |
|            |           |        |     web    |          | in       |
|            |           |        |     site   |          | cross-   |
|            |           |        |            |          | regional |
|            |           |        |  operating |          | tr       |
|            |           |        |            |          | ansfers, |
|            |           |        | -   By end |          | commu    |
|            |           |        |     of     |          | nication |
|            |           |        |     second |          | and      |
|            |           |        |     year   |          | emp      |
|            |           |        |     at     |          | owerment |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     two    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     CD-rom |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | literature |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  resources |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  published |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Number of | No     | By end of  | Final    | In       |
| 1.5:       | correctly | ad     | 2^nd^      | ev       | novative |
| Advocacy   | packaged  | vocacy | year, all  | aluation | p        |
| tools      | advocacy  | tools  | knowledge  |          | ackaging |
|            | tools     | ava    | products   |          | can be   |
|            |           | ilable | (outputs   |          | targeted |
|            |           | at     | 1.1 to     |          | to       |
|            |           | nat    | 1.4) are   |          | specific |
|            |           | ional, | packaged   |          | a        |
|            |           | re     | app        |          | udiences |
|            |           | gional | ropriately |          | for      |
|            |           | or     | and        |          | maximum  |
|            |           | global | in         |          | effect   |
|            |           | levels | novatively |          |          |
|            |           |        | to         |          |          |
|            |           |        | influence  |          |          |
|            |           |        | both       |          |          |
|            |           |        | decision   |          |          |
|            |           |        | makers,    |          |          |
|            |           |        | p          |          |          |
|            |           |        | oliticians |          |          |
|            |           |        | and        |          |          |
|            |           |        | pastoral   |          |          |
|            |           |        | leaders    |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Outcome 2: | Number of | Active | -   By the | Reports  | There is |
| Capacity   | pastoral  | e      |     end of | from     | su       |
| d          | ins       | fforts |     the    | national | fficient |
| evelopment | titutions | in all |            | and      | in       |
| of         | in        | r      |   project, | regional | vestment |
| pas        | part      | egions |     at     | inst     | in order |
| toralists, | icipating | but no |     least  | itutions | to       |
| civil      | countries | cross  |     10     |          | impact   |
| society    | whose     | -conti |            | Training | capacity |
| orga       | capacity  | nental |   national | ac       | of       |
| nizations, | for       | exc    |     and    | tivities | mobile   |
| and public | policy    | hanges |            |          | pasto    |
| and        | dialogue  |        |   regional | Number   | ralists. |
| private    | has been  | Some   |            | of       |          |
| in         | built by  | self-  |   pastoral | i        | Co-f     |
| stitutions | WISP      | organi |     in     | ncidents | inancing |
|            |           | zation | stitutions | of       | d        |
|            |           | among  |     have   | policy   | elivered |
|            |           | pastor |            | or       |          |
|            |           | alists |   enhanced | private  |          |
|            |           |        |            | sector   |          |
|            |           |        |    ability | en       |          |
|            |           |        |     to     | gagement |          |
|            |           |        |     engage |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     policy |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   dialogue |          |          |
|            |           |        |     with   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     g      |          |          |
|            |           |        | overnments |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   inter-go |          |          |
|            |           |        | vernmental |          |          |
|            |           |        |     org    |          |          |
|            |           |        | anizations |          |          |
|            |           |        |     or to  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   leverage |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    support |          |          |
|            |           |        |     from   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    private |          |          |
|            |           |        |     sector |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   By the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     end of |          |          |
|            |           |        |     the    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   project, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     org    |          |          |
|            |           |        | anizations |          |          |
|            |           |        |     have   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   enhanced |          |          |
|            |           |        |     orga   |          |          |
|            |           |        | nizational |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | capacities |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     are    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     able   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     train  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     pa     |          |          |
|            |           |        | storalists |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     their  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     cons   |          |          |
|            |           |        | tituencies |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | Number of | Gove   | -   At     | Final    | Me       |
| 2.1:       | Pa        | rnance |     least  | Ev       | chanisms |
| In         | storalist | streng |     5      | aluation | are      |
| stitutions | Parlia    | thened |            |          | found so |
| relevant   | mentarian | at     |   Pastoral | Feedback | that     |
| to         | Groups    | na     |     Parli  | from     | Pastoral |
| p          | and in    | tional | amentarian | regional | Mobility |
| astoralism | other     | and    |     Groups | and      | does not |
| are        | g         | local  |     (if    | national | impede   |
| st         | overnment | level  |     they   | partners | the      |
| rengthened | positions |        |     exist) |          | coming   |
| at the     | using     | Gaps   |     have   |          | together |
| community, | advocacy  | at     |     access |          | of       |
| local,     | tools     | t      |     to     |          | parties  |
| national,  | developed | ransbo |            |          |          |
| su         | by        | undary |   advocacy |          |          |
| b-regional | Outcome1  | level  |     tools  |          |          |
| and global |           |        |     by     |          |          |
| levels     | Number of | Slowly |     2^nd^  |          |          |
|            | pastoral  | em     |     year   |          |          |
|            | ass       | erging |            |          |          |
|            | ociations | global | -   At     |          |          |
|            | ef        | all    |     least  |          |          |
|            | fectively | iances |     10     |          |          |
|            | repre     | and    |            |          |          |
|            | sentative | re     |   Pastoral |          |          |
|            | and       | presen |     Org    |          |          |
|            | fu        | tation | anizations |          |          |
|            | nctioning |        |     and    |          |          |
|            | at each   |        |     As     |          |          |
|            | level     |        | sociations |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     loca   |          |          |
|            |           |        | l/national |          |          |
|            |           |        |     level  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     (if    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     they   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     exist) |          |          |
|            |           |        |     st     |          |          |
|            |           |        | rengthened |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     two    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     tra    |          |          |
|            |           |        | nsboundary |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        | stitutions |          |          |
|            |           |        |     e      |          |          |
|            |           |        | stablished |          |          |
|            |           |        |     or     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     st     |          |          |
|            |           |        | rengthened |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     two    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     global |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralist |          |          |
|            |           |        |     org    |          |          |
|            |           |        | anizations |          |          |
|            |           |        |     st     |          |          |
|            |           |        | rengthened |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | (including |          |          |
|            |           |        |     WAMIP, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    another |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to be  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | nominated) |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \-        | \-     | -   At     | Annual   | Mobility |
| 2.2:       | Pa        | IIED   |     least  | Progress | /        |
| Expertise  | storalist | sup    |     5      | Reports  | drought  |
| of         | experts   | ported |            |          | / unrest |
| relevant   | having    | educa  |   regional | Final    | will not |
| st         | increase  | tional |            | Ev       | impede   |
| akeholders | skills to | cur    |  exchanges | aluation | e        |
| enhanced   | better    | ricula |     and    |          | ffective |
|            | serve     |        |            | National | parti    |
|            | pastoral  | \-     |   training | c        | cipation |
|            | co        | Wor    |            | urricula |          |
|            | mmunities | kshops |  Workshops |          |          |
|            |           | /      |            |          |          |
|            | \-        | events |    between |          |          |
|            | ap        | /      |            |          |          |
|            | propriate | sy     |   Pastoral |          |          |
|            | ed        | mposia |            |          |          |
|            | ucational | p      |  Inter-par |          |          |
|            | tools to  | lanned | liamentary |          |          |
|            | support   | for    |            |          |          |
|            | and       | 2005   |    groups, |          |          |
|            | maintain  |        |            |          |          |
|            | mobile    | \- FAO |   pastoral |          |          |
|            | pa        | tr     |     as     |          |          |
|            | storalism | aining | sociations |          |          |
|            |           | in NRM |     and    |          |          |
|            |           | negot  |     local  |          |          |
|            |           | iation |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | government |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     issues |          |          |
|            |           |        |     su     |          |          |
|            |           |        | ccessfully |          |          |
|            |           |        |     ma     |          |          |
|            |           |        | instreamed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  education |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  curricula |          |          |
|            |           |        |     within |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3      |          |          |
|            |           |        |     par    |          |          |
|            |           |        | ticipating |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  countries |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by the |          |          |
|            |           |        |     end of |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3rd    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \- Number | Strong | -   At     | Final    | Stak     |
| 2.3:       | of        | and    |     least  | Ev       | eholders |
| Improved   | Networks  | eff    |     100    | aluation | have     |
| networks   |           | ective |     pas    |          | easy     |
|            | \- Number | we     | toralists, | Me       | access   |
|            | of        | bsites |     50     | mbership | to       |
|            | par       | and    |            | reports  | w        |
|            | ticipants | netwo  |   pastoral | of       | ebsites, |
|            | in        | rking, |            | selected | and      |
|            | networks  | such   |    experts | networks | other    |
|            |           | as     |     and    |          | el       |
|            |           | IDS,   |     NGO    |          | ectronic |
|            |           | TPNs,  |            |          | based    |
|            |           | and    |   experts, |          | media    |
|            |           | LEAD   |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     100    |          |          |
|            |           | Na     |            |          |          |
|            |           | tional | government |          |          |
|            |           | and    |            |          |          |
|            |           | re     |    experts |          |          |
|            |           | gional |     linked |          |          |
|            |           | n      |     to     |          |          |
|            |           | etwork |     WISP   |          |          |
|            |           | pr     |            |          |          |
|            |           | ojects |   networks |          |          |
|            |           | o      |     by end |          |          |
|            |           | ngoing |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           | Little |     year   |          |          |
|            |           | li     |            |          |          |
|            |           | nkages | -   C      |          |          |
|            |           | b      | ooperation |          |          |
|            |           | etween |     e      |          |          |
|            |           | net    | stablished |          |          |
|            |           | works, |            |          |          |
|            |           | and    |    between |          |          |
|            |           | little |            |          |          |
|            |           | focus  |  networks, |          |          |
|            |           | on     |            |          |          |
|            |           | mobile |  including |          |          |
|            |           | pasto  |     with   |          |          |
|            |           | ralism |     TPNs   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     UNCCD  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Linkages |          |          |
|            |           |        |     e      |          |          |
|            |           |        | stablished |          |          |
|            |           |        |     with   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   websites |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     LEAD,  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     IDS,   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     World  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Herder's |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Council, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     WAMIP, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     others |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to be  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | identified |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   Cros   |          |          |
|            |           |        | s-learning |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     n      |          |          |
|            |           |        | orth-south |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  east-west |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  exchanges |          |          |
|            |           |        |     i      |          |          |
|            |           |        | nformation |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     key    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   messages |          |          |
|            |           |        |     di     |          |          |
|            |           |        | sseminated |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    between |          |          |
|            |           |        |     this   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     MSP    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     other  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     GEF    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   projects |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    related |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralism |          |          |
|            |           |        |     (GEF   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Network) |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   networks |          |          |
|            |           |        |     agreed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     the    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  necessary |          |          |
|            |           |        |     steps  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     their  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     est    |          |          |
|            |           |        | ablishment |          |          |
|            |           |        |     taken  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in 5   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    regions |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output 2.4 | Public    | Very   | -   At     | Co       | Co       |
| : Public   | in        | little |     least  | nference | mmercial |
| dis        | formation | focus  |     one    | reports  | media    |
| semination | c         | of     |            |          | in       |
| of         | reatively | public | Innovative | Media    | terested |
| i          | packaged  | on     |     int    | bro      |          |
| nformation | and       | mobile | ernational | adcasts, |          |
| and        | dis       | pasto  |            | i        |          |
| advocacy   | seminated | ralism | conference | ncluding |          |
| at global  |           | as a   |     with   | co       |          |
| and        |           | po     |            | mmercial |          |
| regional   |           | sitive |   pastoral | outlets  |          |
| levels     |           | fact   |     repr   |          |          |
|            |           |        | esentation |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year,  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   together |          |          |
|            |           |        |     with   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |     c      |          |          |
|            |           |        | onferences |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     2      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  instances |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  materials |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     int    |          |          |
|            |           |        | ernational |          |          |
|            |           |        |     media  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   50%    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   increase |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   coverage |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralist |          |          |
|            |           |        |     issues |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Outcome 3: | Number of | L      | -   At     | R        | Go       |
| Advocacy   | advocacy  | imited |     least  | eporting | vernment |
| for        | in        | number |     10     | from     | are      |
| effective  | itiatives | of     |            | partners | c        |
| policies   | u         | ad     |   national | and      | ommitted |
| and laws   | ndertaken | vocacy |     or     | their    | to       |
| favoring   | by        | initi  |            | consti   | pr       |
| s          | partners  | atives |   regional | tuencies | inciples |
| ustainable |           | wor    |            |          | of the   |
| pastoral   | Number of | ldwide |   advocacy | WISP     | project, |
| resource   | advocacy  | with   |     i      | mo       | and      |
| management | in        | low    | nitiatives | nitoring | willing  |
| (for       | itiatives | level  |     report | r        | to       |
| greater    | u         | of     |            | eporting | i        |
| r          | ndertaken | i      |   enhanced |          | mplement |
| ecognition | by WISP   | nter-c |            |          | changes  |
| of mobile  | at        | ountry |    quality |          | /        |
| pa         | regional  | and    |            |          | recomme  |
| storalism, | and       | re     |    through |          | ndations |
| and        | global    | gional |     the    |          |          |
| greater    | levels    | le     |     use of |          | P        |
| awareness  |           | arning |     WISP   |          | olitical |
| by         |           | and    |     tools  |          | co       |
| national   |           | negl   |            |          | nditions |
| st         |           | igible | -   At     |          | are      |
| akeholders |           | ad     |     least  |          | stable   |
| of policy  |           | vocacy |     5      |          |          |
| options to |           | on a   |            |          |          |
| support    |           | global |  instances |          |          |
| pastoral   |           | and    |     where  |          |          |
| li         |           | re     |            |          |          |
| velihoods) |           | gional |  knowledge |          |          |
|            |           | scale  |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  generated |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    through |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   outcome1 |          |          |
|            |           |        |     is     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     used   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     WISP   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  influence |          |          |
|            |           |        |     policy |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     global |          |          |
|            |           |        |     or     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |     org    |          |          |
|            |           |        | anizations |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \- Number | S      | -   Policy | Annual   | Gove     |
| 3.1:       | of        | everal |            | Report;  | rnment's |
| Policy and | national  | initi  |   dialogue | MDG      | r        |
| strategic  | de        | atives |     begins | Reports; | eceptive |
| e          | velopment | at the |     to     | I-PRSP   | to       |
| nvironment | f         | na     |            | and PRSP | a        |
| to bring   | rameworks | tional |  influence | d        | rguments |
| p          | and       | level  |     d      | ocuments | and      |
| astoralism | documents |        | evelopment |          | national |
| into the   | to        |        |            |          | wil      |
| mainstream | integrate |        | frameworks |          | lingness |
| of society | pastoral  |        |            |          | to       |
| and        | issues    |        |    (PRSPs, |          | support  |
| i          |           |        |     MDGs)  |          | pas      |
| ntegration | \-        |        |     in at  |          | toralism |
| into       | Effe      |        |     least  |          |          |
| national   | ctiveness |        |     5      |          |          |
| d          | /         |        |     par    |          |          |
| evelopment | en        |        | ticipating |          |          |
| enhanced   | forcement |        |            |          |          |
|            | of laws   |        | countries. |          |          |
|            | and       |        |            |          |          |
|            | policies  |        | -   Policy |          |          |
|            | in favor  |        |            |          |          |
|            | of        |        |   dialogue |          |          |
|            | pa        |        |     begins |          |          |
|            | storalism |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            | \- Myths  |        |  influence |          |          |
|            | and       |        |     policy |          |          |
|            | misco     |        |     in at  |          |          |
|            | nceptions |        |     least  |          |          |
|            | removed   |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |     par    |          |          |
|            | \-        |        | ticipating |          |          |
|            | re        |        |            |          |          |
|            | gulations |        | countries. |          |          |
|            | that      |        |            |          |          |
|            | support   |        | -          |          |          |
|            | pastoral  |        |   Advocacy |          |          |
|            | p         |        |            |          |          |
|            | roduction |        |   material |          |          |
|            | systems   |        |     e      |          |          |
|            | are more  |        | ffectively |          |          |
|            | co        |        |     di     |          |          |
|            | mpetitive |        | sseminated |          |          |
|            |           |        |     within |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  different |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | government |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   sectoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | ministries |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of at  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  countries |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3^rd^  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     year   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |  Effective |          |          |
|            |           |        |     pasto  |          |          |
|            |           |        | ralist-led |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   advocacy |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   platform |          |          |
|            |           |        |     e      |          |          |
|            |           |        | stablished |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in at  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  countries |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   economic |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  valuation |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    studies |          |          |
|            |           |        |     done   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     global |          |          |
|            |           |        |     levels |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  comparing |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    systems |          |          |
|            |           |        |     with   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  sedentary |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | livestock, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     crop   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    systems |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   wildlife |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  protected |          |          |
|            |           |        |     areas; |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     global |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   scenario |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   building |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    options |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   analysis |          |          |
|            |           |        |     done   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   decision |          |          |
|            |           |        |     makers |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   A      |          |          |
|            |           |        |     system |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     cert   |          |          |
|            |           |        | ification/ |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  labelling |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   products |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  (organic, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     fair   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     trade, |          |          |
|            |           |        |     etc)   |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \- Number | \-     | -          | Final    | The      |
| 3.2: Laws, | of new    | Pa     |   Advocacy | Ev       | project  |
| regulatory | laws      | storal |     work   | aluation | succeeds |
| p          | drafted   | codes  |     in at  |          | in       |
| rovisions, |           | and    |     least  |          | esta     |
| and        | \- Number | laws   |     3      |          | blishing |
| governance | of land   | ava    |            |          | formal   |
| mechanisms | a         | ilable |  countries |          | laws and |
| that       | greements | for    |     to     |          | go       |
| safeguard  | / titles  | consul |     draft  |          | vernance |
| mobile     | secured   | tation |     new    |          | me       |
| p          |           | at     |     laws   |          | chanisms |
| astoralist |           | re     |     or     |          |          |
| land       |           | gional |     codes  |          | E        |
| management |           | and    |     in     |          | ffective |
| are in     |           | na     |            |          | enf      |
| place      |           | tional |    support |          | orcement |
|            |           | level  |     of     |          | st       |
|            |           | in     |     mobile |          | ructures |
|            |           | both a |     p      |          | in place |
|            |           | "devel | astoralism |          |          |
|            |           | oping" |            |          |          |
|            |           | c      | -          |          |          |
|            |           | ountry |   Advocacy |          |          |
|            |           | and    |     work   |          |          |
|            |           | "deve  |     to     |          |          |
|            |           | loped" |            |          |          |
|            |           | c      |    support |          |          |
|            |           | ountry |     mobile |          |          |
|            |           | c      |     pa     |          |          |
|            |           | ontext | storalists |          |          |
|            |           |        |     secure |          |          |
|            |           |        |     land   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    agreeme |          |          |
|            |           |        | nts/titles |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in at  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     2      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  countries |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Advocacy |          |          |
|            |           |        |     work   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for at |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     2      |          |          |
|            |           |        |     tra    |          |          |
|            |           |        | nsboundary |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | agreements |          |          |
|            |           |        |     e      |          |          |
|            |           |        | stablished |          |          |
|            |           |        |     by end |          |          |
|            |           |        |     of     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \- Donor  | Total  | -          | Annual   | Donor    |
| 3.3:       | cons      | inve   |   Advocacy | Progress | recep    |
| Change in  | ultations | stment |     work   | Report   | tiveness |
| strategies | and       | in     |     for    |          | to       |
| and        | co        | pa     |            | UNCCD    | pastoral |
| p          | mmitments | storal |   improved | minutes  | a        |
| erceptions | to        | i      |            |          | rguments |
| within     | funding   | nterve | commitment | Final    | and      |
| major      | specific  | ntions |     to     | Ev       | co       |
| donors,    | follow-on | among  |     p      | aluation | mmitment |
| mul        | projects  | pa     | astoralism |          | to       |
| ti-lateral |           | rtners |            |          | address  |
| agencies,  | \- Number | a      | (increased |          | issues   |
| and global | of donor  | pproxi |            |          |          |
| events in  | meetings  | mately |    budget, |          |          |
| support of | that      |        |            |          |          |
| p          | address   | US\$   |  reduction |          |          |
| astoralism | pa        | 60     |     of     |          |          |
|            | storalism | m      |            |          |          |
|            |           | illion |   damaging |          |          |
|            | \- Number |        |     inte   |          |          |
|            | of MEA    |        | rventions) |          |          |
|            | COPs that |        |     within |          |          |
|            | address   |        |     at     |          |          |
|            | pastoral  |        |     least  |          |          |
|            | issues    |        |     five   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     major  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     donors |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     mu     |          |          |
|            |           |        | ltilateral |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   agencies |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     1 side |          |          |
|            |           |        |     event  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     on     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     mobile |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | astoralism |          |          |
|            |           |        |     held   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     at     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     each   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     UNCCD  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     /CBD   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    related |          |          |
|            |           |        |     event  |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Outcome 4  | Degree of | Pastor | -   Pa     | Reports  | Past     |
| :          | ownership | alists | storalists | of       | oralists |
| Part       | of        | often  |     from   | project  | are able |
| icipation, | project   | repre  |     at     | advisory | to       |
| evaluation | imple     | sented |     least  | and      | r        |
| and        | mentation | only   |     five   | steering | epresent |
| adaptive   | by        | by     |            | c        | th       |
| management | pas       | proxy  |    regions | ommittee | emselves |
| increased  | toralists | in     |     are    | minutes  | directly |
|            |           | devel  |            |          | in all   |
|            | Project   | opment |  routinely | Feedback | project  |
|            | learning  | p      |            | from     | ac       |
|            | has a     | rocess |  consulted | regional | tivities |
|            | genuine   |        |     by     | partners |          |
|            | influence |        |     WISP   |          | The      |
|            | on work   |        |     and    |          | op       |
|            | planning  |        |     their  |          | en-ended |
|            |           |        |            |          | "        |
|            |           |        |   opinions |          | Pastoral |
|            |           |        |            |          | Advisory |
|            |           |        |  influence |          | Group"   |
|            |           |        |     WISP   |          | is       |
|            |           |        |     annual |          | re       |
|            |           |        |     work   |          | cognized |
|            |           |        |            |          | as a     |
|            |           |        |   planning |          | m        |
|            |           |        |            |          | echanism |
|            |           |        | -   All    |          | that can |
|            |           |        |     WISP's |          | bring in |
|            |           |        |     annual |          | pers     |
|            |           |        |     work   |          | pectives |
|            |           |        |     plans  |          | from a   |
|            |           |        |     are    |          | wide     |
|            |           |        |            |          | variety  |
|            |           |        |   informed |          | of       |
|            |           |        |     by     |          | pastoral |
|            |           |        |            |          | com      |
|            |           |        | monitoring |          | munities |
|            |           |        |     and    |          | around   |
|            |           |        |            |          | the      |
|            |           |        | evaluation |          | world to |
|            |           |        |            |          | the      |
|            |           |        |            |          | implem   |
|            |           |        |            |          | entation |
|            |           |        |            |          | of WISP  |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output     | \- Number | none   | -          | I        |          |
| 4.1:       | of        |        |   Pastoral | nception |          |
| Pa         | pas       |        |            | workshop |          |
| storalists | toralists |        |  ownership | report   |          |
| are at the | to attend |        |     of     |          |          |
| center of  | workshops |        |     WISP,  | Annual   |          |
| the        | /         |        |            | Progress |          |
| d          | exchanges |        |  expressed | Reports  |          |
| evelopment | / events  |        |     as     |          |          |
| process,   |           |        |     e      | Pastoral |          |
| including  | \-        |        | ndorsement | Review   |          |
| design,    | Pastoral  |        |     of     |          |          |
| impl       | advisory  |        |            |          |          |
| ementation | committee |        | activities |          |          |
| and        | es        |        |     at     |          |          |
| monitoring | tablished |        |     each   |          |          |
| of the     |           |        |     "      |          |          |
| project.   |           |        | gathering" |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -          |          |          |
|            |           |        |   Regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   pastoral |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        | stitutions |          |          |
|            |           |        |     p      |          |          |
|            |           |        | articipate |          |          |
|            |           |        |     in     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     WISP   |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   planning |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   meetings |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output 4.2 | Number of | P      | -   At     | Final    | Co       |
| : Enhanced | project   | roject |     least  | ev       | ntinuing |
| capacities | proposals | pro    |     5      | aluation | upward   |
| of         | developed | posals |            |          | trend in |
| pa         |           | are    |    project | Donor    | donor    |
| storalists |           | too    |            | website  | interest |
| and local  |           | often  |  proposals | reports  | to       |
| d          |           | dev    |            |          | invest   |
| evelopment |           | eloped |  developed |          | in       |
| partners   |           | by     |     for    |          | sus      |
| to develop |           | consu  |     donors |          | tainable |
| follow-on  |           | ltants |     using  |          | pastoral |
| (stand     |           | with   |     WISP   |          | dev      |
| alone)     |           | little |     inputs |          | elopment |
| projects   |           | pa     |     by end |          |          |
| promoting  |           | storal |     of     |          |          |
| s          |           | input  |     3^rd^  |          |          |
| ustainable |           |        |     year   |          |          |
| pastoral   |           |        |            |          |          |
| land       |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
| management |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   projects |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     using  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     WISP   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     inputs |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     funded |          |          |
|            |           |        |     to     |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    address |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   regional |          |          |
|            |           |        |     and    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     cross  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     border |          |          |
|            |           |        |     issues |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     5      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  proposals |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    FAO-TCP |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    funding |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   At     |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  proposals |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   WB-ALive |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    funding |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        | -   \- At  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     least  |          |          |
|            |           |        |     3      |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  proposals |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  developed |          |          |
|            |           |        |     for    |          |          |
|            |           |        |     IFAD   |          |          |
|            |           |        |     grant  |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    funding |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+
| Output 4.3 | Number of | Pastor | -   pa     | M&E      | Selected |
| : Adaptive | pas       | alists | storalists | reports  | E        |
| Management | toralists | are    |     r      |          | xecuting |
| and        | engaged   | often  | epresented | Project  | Agency   |
| Par        | in        | repre  |     in all | Steering | est      |
| ticipatory | m         | sented |     M&E    | C        | ablishes |
| monitoring | onitoring | by     |     events | ommittee | app      |
| and        | and       | proxy  |     of the | reports  | ropriate |
| evaluation | e         | (int   |            |          | st       |
| of project | valuation | ermedi |    project |          | ructures |
| impact     | of        | aries) |            |          | for      |
|            | project   |        | -          |          | e        |
|            |           |        |  executing |          | ffective |
|            | effe      |        |     agency |          | implem   |
|            | ctiveness |        |            |          | entation |
|            | of        |        |  functions |          | of the   |
|            | delivery  |        |     e      |          | project  |
|            | by        |        | ffectively |          |          |
|            | executing |        |     for    |          |          |
|            | agency    |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |   delivery |          |          |
|            | amount of |        |            |          |          |
|            | a         |        | -   at     |          |          |
|            | dditional |        |     least  |          |          |
|            | co-       |        |     30%    |          |          |
|            | financing |        |            |          |          |
|            | leveraged |        | additional |          |          |
|            | during    |        |     co     |          |          |
|            | imple     |        | -financing |          |          |
|            | mentation |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |  leveraged |          |          |
|            |           |        |     during |          |          |
|            |           |        |            |          |          |
|            |           |        |    project |          |          |
|            |           |        |     impl   |          |          |
|            |           |        | ementation |          |          |
+------------+-----------+--------+------------+----------+----------+

[^1]: CBD -- UN Convention on Biodiversity, CCD -- UN Convention on
    Combating Desertification