Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 9/1/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** GM4031

GM4031

**Germany**

**Fresh Deciduous Fruit**

**Annual**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Karina Ramos

U.S. Embassy, Berlin

**Prepared by:**

Sabine M. Lieberz

**Report Highlights:**

For CY 2004, German commercial apple production is forecast at 842,000
MT up 14 percent from the previous year. Non-commercial apple production
is forecast at 1.0 million MT, and commercial pear production at 58,000
MT. Production of concentrated apple juice (CAJ, 70.5 brix) is forecast
at 99,600 MT in MY 2004/2005.

Includes PSD Changes: Yes

Includes Trade Matrix: Yes

Annual Report

Berlin \[GM1\]

\[GM\]

Table of Contents

[**Production 3**](#production)

[Apple Production 3](#apple-production)

[Table 1: Commercial Apple Production in the EU-15 by Country and Year
in 1,000 MT
3](#table-1-commercial-apple-production-in-the-eu-15-by-country-and-year-in-1000-mt)

[Table 2: Commercial Apple Production in Germany by Variety and Year in
1,000 MT
4](#table-2-commercial-apple-production-in-germany-by-variety-and-year-in-1000-mt)

[Pear Production 4](#pear-production)

[Concentrated Apple Juice (CAJ) Production
5](#concentrated-apple-juice-caj-production)

[Consumption 5](#consumption)

[Table 3: Per Capita Consumption of Commercially Grown Fresh Fruit in
Germany
5](#table-3-per-capita-consumption-of-commercially-grown-fresh-fruit-in-germany)

[Apple Consumption 6](#apple-consumption)

[Pear Consumption 6](#pear-consumption)

[CAJ Consumption 6](#caj-consumption)

[Table 4: Per Capita Consumption of Fruit Juices/Nectars in European
Countries and the USA (in liters)
7](#table-4-per-capita-consumption-of-fruit-juicesnectars-in-european-countries-and-the-usa-in-liters)

[Table 5: Per Capita Consumption of Apple Juice/Apple Fruit Drinks and
Citrus Juice/Citrus Fruit Drinks in Germany (in kg)
7](#table-5-per-capita-consumption-of-select-juices-and-fruit-drinks-in-germany-in-kg)

[Trade 8](#trade)

[Apple Trade 8](#apple-trade)

[Pear Trade 8](#pear-trade)

[CAJ Trade 8](#caj-trade)

[Marketing 9](#marketing)

[Figure 1: Percent of fruit purchases by Retail Type and Year
10](#figure-1-percent-of-fruit-purchases-by-retail-type-and-year)

[Food safety 10](#food-safety)

[Policy 11](#policy)

[Related Reports 11](#related-reports)

[Statistical Section 12](#statistical-section)

[Table 6: PSD for Fresh Apples (in ha, 1000 trees, MT)
12](#table-6-psd-for-fresh-apples-in-ha-1000-trees-mt)

[Table 7 : Import Prices for Fresh Apples in U.S. \$ per MT
13](#table-7-import-prices-for-fresh-apples-in-u.s.-per-mt)

[Table 8: German Apple Imports by Country in MT
14](#table-8-german-apple-imports-by-country-in-mt)

[Table 9: German Apple Exports by Country in MT
15](#table-9-german-apple-exports-by-country-in-mt)

[Table 10: PSD for Fresh Pears (in ha, 1000 trees, MT)
16](#table-10-psd-for-fresh-pears-in-ha-1000-trees-mt)

[Table 11: Import Prices for Fresh Pears in U.S. \$ per MT
16](#table-11-import-prices-for-fresh-pears-in-u.s.-per-mt)

[Table 12: German Pear Imports by Country in MT
17](#table-12-german-pear-imports-by-country-in-mt)

[Table 13: German Pears Exports by Country in MT
18](#table-13-german-pears-exports-by-country-in-mt)

[Table 14: PSD for Concentrated Apple Juice (CAJ) in MT
19](#table-14-psd-for-concentrated-apple-juice-caj-in-mt)

[Table 15: CAJ Import Prices in U.S.\$ per MT
19](#table-15-caj-import-prices-in-u.s.-per-mt)

[Table 16: German CAJ Imports by Country in MT
20](#table-16-german-caj-imports-by-country-in-mt)

[Table 17: German CAJ Export by Country in MT
21](#table-17-german-caj-export-by-country-in-mt)

# Production

## Apple Production

Germany is the third largest apple producer in the EU, after Italy and
France. As of mid-July German apple production for CY[^1] 2004 was
estimated at 842,000 MT[^2] for commercial production, up 3 percent
compared to the previous year (818,000 MT). However, this is still well
below the current production potential of about 1.0 million MT and 6
percent below the average for years 2000 through 2003. The crop for CY
2003 was revised downwards to 818,000 MT from the previous estimate of
860,000 MT. Apparently the effects of the drought were stronger than
previously expected.

This once again small harvest of CY 2004 is partly a result of a poor
quality of the apple blossoms in those areas that had suffered from
drought in 2003 during bud development and partly due to frost damage in
spring of 2004. Also low temperatures in May/June of 2004 during cell
partition of the young fruits limited the fruit size.

## Table 1: Commercial Apple Production in the EU-15 by Country and Year in 1,000 MT

  ------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
  Country       2000      2001      2002      2003 r    2004 f    \% change

  Italy         2,206     2,172     2,171     1,851     2,080     12.4

  France        2,260     1,938     1,966     1,728     1,782     3.1

  Germany       1,131     922       763       818       841       2.8

  Spain         699       806       646       704       537       -23.7

  Netherlands   500       475       370       405       435       7.4

  Belgium       500       337       349       319       324       1.6

  Greece        288       194       244       165       283       71.5

  Portugal      206       240       295       280       260       -7.1

  United        195       212       124       156       160       2.6
  Kingdom                                                         

  Austria       161       156       163       152       147       -3.3

  Denmark       31        29        25        25        26        4.0

  TOTAL         8,162     7,480     7,115     6,603     6,875     4.0
  ------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

r = revised

f = forecast

## Table 2: Commercial Apple Production in Germany by Variety and Year in 1,000 MT

  -------------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- -------- ---------
  Variety        2000       2001      2002      2003 r    2004f    Change

  Jonagold       210        148       149       154       147      -4.5

  Elstar         156        139       119       125       152      21.6

  Jonagored      96         93        70        92        90       -2.2

  Golden         77         66        59        59        55       -6.8
  Delicious                                                        

  Gloster        81         66        40        48        47       -2.1

  Idared         70         59        49        52        51       -1.9

  Boskoop        87         68        44        38        47       23.7

  Cox Orange     57         54        24        31        30       -3.2

  Gala           29         28        33        36        34       -5.6

  Braeburn       17         16        14        18        27       50.0

  Other \*       251        186       162       165       162      -1.8

  Total          1,131      922       763       818       842      2.9
  -------------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- -------- ---------

r = revised

f = Forecast.

\* Includes Pinova, Topaz, Gravensteiner, James Grieve, Glockenapfel,
Ingrid Marie

Source: ZMP Obst & Gemüse Marktinfo, 34/2004

German authorities stopped issuing official figures for non-commercial
production (private gardens and meadows) in 1992. However, industry
estimates CY 2004 non-commercial production at approximately 1.0 million
MT, up 42 percent from approximately 700,000 MT in CY 2003.

Non-commercial production includes apples grown in house gardens and
extensive production in meadows. Typically, non-commercial production is
used for fresh consumption, must and spirit production, baking (cakes,
tarts) or preserved foods (canned, dried, cooked). Approximately 50
percent of this production is grown in house gardens and is consumed by
private households; 40 percent is comprised of must apples used in apple
juice production; and the remaining 10 percent is processed into
spirits. These percentages may vary depending on the price for must
apples. Higher must apple prices generally result in a higher proportion
of fruit entering juice production, lower prices generally result in
less fruit going into processing.

The fruit quality of commercial fruit is good. However, about 13 percent
of the total area was affected by hail, this is about 30 percent more
than in 2003. Non-commercial orchards were severely hit by apple aphids
and scab.

## Pear Production

While Germany is the third largest apple producer in the EU, for pears,
Germany only ranks seventh. Commercial pear production in CY 2004 is
estimated at 58,000 MT versus 49,000 MT in 2003. These figures originate
not from the German Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food, and
Agriculture (BMVEL) but from the German Central Market- and Price
Reporting Agency (ZMP). According to industry sources, the official
final numbers from BMVEL for the German pear production have been
largely overestimating the actual crop ever since CY 2002. Therefore
FAS/Berlin decided to go with the widely accepted ZMP figures instead.

No reliable data for non-commercial pear production is available. Also,
only small quantities of non-commercial pear production enter the pear
market; most are consumed directly by households or on farms either as
fresh or processed fruit. Therefore, FAS/Berlin does not enter any data
for the non-commercial pear crop into the PSD table. The three most
important pear varieties grown in Germany are Alexander Lucas, Williams
Christ (Bartlett), and Conference.

## Concentrated Apple Juice (CAJ) Production

The total volume of apple juice concentrate (70.5 degrees brix) pressed
from domestic and imported must or diverted table apples amounted to
78,100 MT in MY[^3] 2003/04, versus 75,300 MT the previous year. This
increase of 20 percent can be attributed to the higher non-commercial
apple crop of 800,000 MT in CY 2003 compared to CY 2002. For MY 2004/05,
CAJ production is estimated at 99,600 MT due to the higher
non-commercial apple crop of 1.0 million MT in CY 2004 and higher hail
damage of the commercial crop.

German must apples, and to a small extent domestic table apples, form
the basis of apple juice production in Germany, especially since German
must apples provide the quality (acid content) required by the German
apple juice processors. For MY 2004/05, the number of must apples
processed into apple juice is expected to amount to approximately
847,000 MT, compared to 664,000 MT in MY 2003/04, and 650,000 MT in
2002/03.

## 

# Consumption

Apples are by far the most popular fresh fruit in Germany, followed by
bananas and oranges. Pears rank number 6 in popularity with German
consumers.

## Table 3: Per Capita Consumption of Commercially Grown Fresh Fruit in Germany

+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|             | MY     | MY     | MY     | MY     | MY     | MY     |
|             | 1      | 1      | 1      | 2      | 2      | 2      |
|             | 997/98 | 998/99 | 999/00 | 000/01 | 001/02 | 002/03 |
|             |        |        |        |        |        |        |
|             | (kg/p  | (kg/p  | (kg/p  | (kg/p  | (kg/p  | (kg/p  |
|             | erson) | erson) | erson) | erson) | erson) | erson) |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Apples      | 18.0   | 17.7   | 20.6   | 19.1   | 17.4   | 17.1   |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Bananas     | 11.2   | 10.3   | 11.0   | 12.1   | 11.1   | 11.2   |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Oranges     | 6.4    | 5.8    | 6.1    | 7.0    | 5.8    | 6.4    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Easy        | 5.2    | 3.8    | 4.1    | 4.2    | 3.5    | 4.0    |
| Peelers     |        |        |        |        |        |        |
|             |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| (C          |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| lementines, |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| tangerines  |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| etc.)       |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Grapes      | 3.8    | 3.8    | 4.3    | 4.0    | 3.8    | 3.1    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Pears       | 2.3    | 2.7    | 2.8    | 2.6    | 2.3    | 2.5    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| S           | 2.4    | 2.5    | 2.7    | 2.4    | 2.7    | 2.3    |
| trawberries |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Lemons      | 1.5    | 1.5    | 1.6    | 1.6    | 1.7    | 1.6    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Cherries    | 1.0    | 1.1    | 1.5    | 1.4    | 1.2    | 1.0    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Plums       | 1.1    | 1.1    | 1.2    | 1.1    | 1.0    | 1.0    |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Other       | 27.9   | 28.0   | 33.1   | 30.5   | 28.9   | 27.1   |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Total Fresh | 62.8   | 60.6   | 68.4   | 66.9   | 62.0   | 60.2   |
| Fruit       |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

Source: ZMP Bilanz Obst 2003 p. 27

## Apple Consumption

Total domestic consumption of fresh apples from commercial and
non-commercial production combined was 1.475 million MT in MY 2003/04
(July/June). This figure includes 70,000 MT for processing purposes
other than apple juice (e.g. apple sauce). Consumption for processing
into apple juice was 664,000 MT. As a consequence of the small CY 2002
harvest and the restrictive intervention rule of the EU Common Market
Organization for fruit and vegetables, there was no intervention of
apples in MY 2003/04. In MY 2004/05, fresh consumption is estimated at
1.575 million MT and processing is expected to increase to 887,000 MT
due to the larger commercial and non-commercial crop. Intervention is
estimated to be marginal.

## Pear Consumption

Per capita consumption of table pears (without house gardens) varies
between 2.2 and 2.8 kg in recent years. Consumption of fresh table pears
in MY 2002/03 (July/June) adds up to 194,334 MT. About 77 percent of the
pear supply in Germany originate from imports and only 23 percent from
domestic production. Intervention of pears is traditionally marginal in
Germany. In MY 2003/04 it amounted to 9.7 MT.

Pears for processing are used mainly for spirits and originate from
commercial production. In MY 2003/04, this amounted to 3,236 MT compared
to 1,900 MT in MY 2002/03. This large increase is a result of the 2003
drought which resulted in a higher than usual proportion of pears not
meeting the marketing standards for table pears. These were processed
into juice or spirits instead. As the 2004 summer is much cooler, for
2004/05 the amount of pears being processed is expected to fall back to
normal levels of about 2000 MT.

## CAJ Consumption 

Fruit juices and fruit juice drinks are very popular in Germany. The per
capita consumption of more than 40 liters per year is the highest in the
EU-15 and about 18 percent above per capita consumption in the United
States (see table 3.) The increase of consumption in 2003 can be
attributed to the extremely warm summer of 2003. As the summer was not
as warm in 2004 a drop in per capita consumption of juices is expected
for this year.

Apple juice enjoys the highest popularity among the juices, followed by
orange juice and other citrus nectars (see table 4.)

## Table 4: Per Capita Consumption of Fruit Juices/Nectars in European Countries and the USA (in liters)

+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
|            | 1997  | 1998  | 1999  | 2000  | 2001  | 2002r | 2    |
|            |       |       |       |       |       |       | 003p |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Germany    | 41.2  | 41.0  | 40.5  | 40.6  | 40.5  | 40.4  | 42.0 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Austria    | 34.5  | 36.1  | 37.4  | 37.8  | 35.6  | 32.0  | 31.0 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Finland    | 25.1  | 25.1  | 25.5  | 26.1  | 35.0  | 32.0  | 31.7 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Denmark    | 17.5  | 17.5  | 18.0  | 19.0  | 22.7  | 24.0  | 25.1 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| N          | 26.7  | 26.7  | 26.5  | 26.1  | 25.5  | 24.4  | 24.8 |
| etherlands |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Spain      | 15.6  | 15.6  | 25.8  | 16.5  | 21.0  | 22.0  | 24.4 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Sweden     | 20.6  | 20.6  | 21.0  | 21.5  | 23.0  | 23.7  | 23.8 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Great      | 19.5  | 19.5  | 20.2  | 19.0  | 20.5  | 21.3  | 22.8 |
| Britain    |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| France     | 18.0  | 18.1  | 18.6  | 20.5  | 21.8  | 21.7  | 22.5 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Be         | 20.8  | 20.8  | 20.5  | 20.5  | 19.9  | 19.7  | 20.2 |
| lgium/Lux. |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Ireland    | 12.0  | 12.3  | 12.5  | 13.3  | 15.6  | 16.2  | 16.5 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Greece     | 6.8   | 6.8   | 7.0   | 8.5   | 16.3  | 15.1  | 15.0 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Italy      | 9.6   | 9.6   | 10.0  | 10.5  | 11.7  | 11.9  | 12.9 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Portugal   | 6.5   | 6.5   | 6.8   | 7.1   | 10.8  | 11.1  | 11.1 |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| **TOTAL    | **2   | **2   | **2   | **2   | **2   | **2   | **25 |
| EU-15**    | 1.9** | 2.0** | 2.3** | 2.6** | 4.2** | 4.4** | .4** |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ###        | 18.6  | 23.8  | 24.5  | 25.5  | 31.4  | 33.3  | 33.5 |
| ### Norway |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| S          | 30.0  | 30.0  | 30.0  | 30.0  | 27.7  | 29.1  | 29.1 |
| witzerland |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| United     | 30.0  | 30.0  | 30.0  | 30.0  | 30.0  | 35.7  | 35.7 |
| States     |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+

r = revised

p = provisional

Source: VdF, Association of the German Fruit Juice Industry, Annual
Report 2003.

## Table 5: Per Capita Consumption of Select Juices and Fruit Drinks in Germany (in kg)

  ------------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ---------
                      1995    2000     2001     2002    2003    \% change

  Apple Juice         11.79   12.20    12.15    12.17   13.10   7.6

  Orange Juice        9.83    9.53     9.52     9.52    9.66    1.5

  Grape Juice         1.19    1.32     1.32     1.31    1.31    0.0

  Grapefruit Juice    0.33    0.39     0.37     0.34    0.32    -5.9

  Pear Juice          0.13    0.18     0.20     0.20    0.30    50.0

  Vegetable Juice     0.86    0.96     0.97     0.97    0.97    0.0

  Citrus Nectar       8.57    7.75     7.68     7.65    7.75    1.3

  Other Juice/Nectar  8.02    8.31     8.31     8.27    8.62    4.2

  Total               40.72   40.64    40.52    40.43   42.03   4.0
  ------------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ---------

Source: VdF, Association of the German Fruit Juice Industry, Annual
Report 2003.

# Trade

## Apple Trade

In MY 2003/04, German imports of apples amounted to 768,822 MT, a
decrease of 10 percent from the record amount of 851,491 MT in MY
2002/03. The decline had been due to the extremely low domestic crop of
CY 2002. 13 percent or 96,232 MT of the imported apples consisted of
must apples for juice production. In MY 2004/05, a drop in apple imports
to 700,000 MT is expected due to the estimated higher domestic apple
crop.

The largest supplier by far was Italy with 43 percent of the imports,
followed by the Netherlands (10 percent), France (9 percent), New
Zealand (8 percent), and Belgium (6 percent). US apple exports to
Germany are marginal and amounted to 249 and 113 MT in MY 2003/04 and
2002/03, respectively.

Germany exports only small quantities of apples, mainly to other EU-15
member states. Exports of apples amounted to 57,565 MT in MY 2002/03,
almost the exact amount from the previous MY's level.

## Pear Trade

Pear imports amounted to 163,108 MT in MY 2003/04, almost the exact
amount as in the previous marketing year. Main suppliers were Italy with
about 40 percent of the imports, followed by Argentina (about 17
percent), Spain (11 percent), and South Africa (10 percent). Pear
imports contributed roughly 77 percent to the supply on the German
market, while domestic production contributes 23 percent in MY 2003/04.
The correspondent figures for 2002/03 were 72 and 28 percent. Pear
imports are expected to drop by 5 percent in MY 2004/05, due to higher
domestic production.

Imports from the United States are small and fluctuate a lot. They
amounted to 4,372 MT in MY 2003/04 after 2,490 MT in MY 2002/03, 4,132
MT in MY 2001/02 and 2,103 in MY 2000/01. In MY 2003/04 the United
States ranked the number nine supplier of fresh table pears to Germany
and number four as a non-EU supplier, after Argentina, South Africa and
Chile.

Pear exports from Germany were up in MY 2003/04 at 14,528 MT compared to
13,724 MT in MY 2002/03. Main destinations were other EU-15 countries.

## CAJ Trade

Accurate trade figures are difficult to retrieve, since there is little
ascertainable information about the strength (concentration) of
imported/exported CAJ. Therefore the calculated figures for CAJ at 70.5
brix should be viewed with due caution.

Traditionally, the German apple juice industry depends heavily on
imports of apple juice concentrates of various densities. In MY 2003/04,
calculated German imports of CAJ at 70.5 brix were at 455,773 MT versus
409,355 MT in the previous MY. Imports of CAJ are expected to decrease
in MY 2004/05 as the non-commercial crop is higher than in MY 2003/04.
Also a larger percentage of commercial apples is expected to be used for
juice production as a consequence of higher hail damage compared to the
previous MY.

Sixty-eight percent of the German CAJ imports came from the top 5
suppliers, which were Poland, the Czech Republic, China, Turkey, and the
Ukraine. Their individual market shares were 36, 10, 8, 7 and 7 percent
in MY 2003/04. In 2002/03 the combined market share of the top five
supplier amounted to 77 percent. The drop in MY 2003/04 is due to lower
imports from Poland.

German CAJ exports consist mainly of reprocessed concentrates from
eastern European countries or blends of such concentrates with domestic
production. In MY 2003/04 they amounted to 132,102 MT (at 70.5 brix),
less than 1 percent more than in the previous MY. In 2003/04 exports are
expected to be stable.

The United States was replaced by the Netherlands as the largest single
export market for German CAJ. Exports to the United States totaled
23,347 MT in MY 2003/04 versus 30,214 MT in MY 2002/03. This drop of 23
percent can be attributed to the strong Euro, which makes German exports
less competitive compared to products from countries outside the Euro
zone.

# Marketing

The obvious trend among German consumers is a growing tendency to buy at
no frill discount stores. From 1998 to 2002 discounters were able to
increase their volume based market share from 35 to 48 percent at the
expense of all other retail forms. This is a sign of the extreme price
sensitivity of German consumers prevalent in almost all areas but
especially developed when it comes to food. As a result discounters
accounted for 48 percent of retail fruit sales in 2002 up from 35
percent in 1998.

## Figure 1: Percent of fruit purchases by Retail Type and Year

![](media/image2.wmf)

Farmers' Markets = includes all markets with non-permanent sales booths

F&V = Fruits and Vegetables

Supermarkets = retail stores with less than 800 square meters or about
8,611 square feet

Hypermarkets = retail stores with more than 800 square meters

Discounter = no frill stores with a limited selection of items, also
characterized by generally lower prices than at traditional supermarkets

## Food safety

The number of food scandals that occurred in Europe in recent years
involving various commodities - including fresh produce - have prompted
the food industry to come up with various programs to ensure the safety
of the traded food. For fruits and vegetables two main programs evolved
in Germany - the *Q+S* and *EUREPGAP*. While Q+S is a 3 tier system that
involves everyone who handles the produce from producers, to wholesalers
and the retail chains, EUREPGAP mainly focuses on the producer level and
is often supplemented by the IFS (International Food Standard) on the
wholesalers level. A major component of both systems is the extensive
documentation requirement for all stages of the production process.

Both systems are not restricted to German producers but also open to
international producers provided they comply with the system and obtain
a certification. Also a combined certification for both Q+S and EUREPGAP
at the same time is possible at the producer level.

Some German retail chains have voiced their preference for one or the
other systems: Rewe, Spar and Wal-Mart Germany favor Q+S, Metro focuses
on EUREPGAP in conjunction with IFS, while Rewe and Tengelmann accept
both systems.

The implementation of both systems is still in the beginning stages,
therefore non certified produce is still accepted. However, U.S.
exporters should monitor the issue closely in the future.

For detailed information on both systems please view the following
websites:

<http://www.q-s.info/en>

[www.eurep.org](http://www.eurep.org/)

# Policy

In the past, support for the German fruit sector was limited to what is
available for producer organizations under the EU common market
organization for fruits and vegetables (regulation 2200/96). For details
please refer to GAIN report GM3011.

The 2003 reform of the EU common agricultural policy (GAP) partly
changes this. With the decoupling of direct payments from production and
the transition to uniform area payments, fruit and vegetable area
becomes eligible for direct payments under CAP. However, this does not
apply to permanent crops such as apples and pears.

# Related Reports

  --------- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------
  GM3011    3/17/2003   EU support for the fruit and vegetable sector in
                        Germany

  GM3025    8/15/2003   German Fruit Tree Census
  --------- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------

# Statistical Section

Note: The PSD tables for apples and CAJ are connected. Therefore figures
for \"Processing\" in both PSDs include apples for juice production, as
well as apples for other processing purposes (e.g. applesauce, canned
apples, spirits, bakeries).

Note: Trade data in PS&D\'s, trade matrices and text for CAJ are
converted to 70.5 brix using a conversion factor of 0.158865 from 11.2
brix or single strength.

## Table 6: PSD for Fresh Apples (in ha, 1000 trees, MT)

![](media/image3.wmf){width="5.9944444444444445in"
height="3.8361111111111112in"}

## Table 7 : Import Prices for Fresh Apples in U.S. \$ per MT

![](media/image4.wmf){width="3.2465277777777777in"
height="3.4131944444444446in"}

## Table 8: German Apple Imports by Country in MT

![](media/image5.wmf){width="4.022916666666666in"
height="3.920138888888889in"}

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

## Table 9: German Apple Exports by Country in MT

![](media/image6.wmf){width="4.0784722222222225in"
height="4.1618055555555555in"}

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

## Table 10: PSD for Fresh Pears (in ha, 1000 trees, MT)

## ![](media/image7.wmf){width="5.611805555555556in" height="3.8986111111111112in"}Table 11: Import Prices for Fresh Pears in U.S. \$ per MT

  ----------------------- ----------------- -------------- --------------
  **Prices Table**                                         

  **Country**             Germany                          

  **Commodity**           Pears, Fresh                     

  Prices in               U.S. \$           per uom        MT

                                                           

  Year                    2002              2003           \% Change

  Jan                     853.98            977.02         14%

  Feb                     862.87            986.43         14%

  Mar                     867.38            919.69         6%

  Apr                     791.45            826.68         4%

  May                     750.79            872.42         16%

  Jun                     765.65            942.08         23%

  Jul                     828.95            924.83         12%

  Aug                     714.5             815.37         14%

  Sep                     725.33            824.93         14%

  Oct                     769.73            907.39         18%

  Nov                     806.45            955.8          19%

  Dec                     825.76            1072.72        30%
  ----------------------- ----------------- -------------- --------------

## Table 12: German Pear Imports by Country in MT

  ------------------- -------------------- ------------------ -----------
  **Import Trade                                              
  Matrix**                                                    

  **Country**         Germany                                 

  **Commodity**       Pears, Fresh                            

  Time Period         Jul/Jun              Units:             MT

  Imports for:        2002                                    **2003**

  U.S.                2,491                U.S.               4,372

  Others                                   Others             

  ITALY               67,916               ITALY              65,258

  ARGENTINA           27,572               ARGENTINA          26,995

  SOUTH AFRICA        16,207               SPAIN              18,662

  SPAIN               12,600               SOUTH AFRICA       16,067

  CHILE               10,148               CHILE              9,828

  BELGIUM             8,566                NETHERLANDS        7,164

  FRANCE              8,293                FRANCE             6,083

  NETHERLANDS         6,102                BELGIUM            5,935

  PR CHINA            1,859                PR CHINA           1,242

  BRAZIL              561                  AUSTRIA            551

  Total for Others    159,824                                 157,785

  Others not Listed   1,208                                   951

  Grand Total         163,523                                 163,108

                                                              

  EU-15               103,499                                 103,668

  NMS                 115                                     170

  Extra EU-25         59,909                                  59,271
  ------------------- -------------------- ------------------ -----------

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

## Table 13: German Pears Exports by Country in MT

  -------------------- ------------------ -------------------- -----------
  **Export Trade                                               
  Matrix**                                                     

  **Country**          Germany                                 

  **Commodity**        Pears, Fresh                            

  Time Period          Jul/Jun            Units:               MT

  Exports for:         2002                                    **2003**

  U.S.                 0                  U.S.                 0

  Others                                  Others               

  UNITED KINGDOM       2,335              NETHERLANDS          2,603

  DENMARK              2,124              ITALY                1,927

  NETHERLANDS          1,761              FRANCE               1,651

  AUSTRIA              1,387              UNITED KINGDOM       1,490

  ITALY                1,343              AUSTRIA              1,365

  FRANCE               1,219              DENMARK              1,307

  GREECE               925                SWEDEN               783

  RUSSIA               608                PORTUGAL             722

  PORTUGAL             567                GREECE               685

  IRELAND              451                FINLAND              552

  Total for Others     12,720                                  13,085

  Others not Listed    1,004                                   1,443

  Grand Total          13,724                                  14,528

                                                               

  EU-15                12824                                   13813

  NMS                  222                                     200

  Extra EU-25          677                                     515
  -------------------- ------------------ -------------------- -----------

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

## Table 14: PSD for Concentrated Apple Juice (CAJ) in MT

![](media/image8.wmf){width="5.611805555555556in" height="2.86875in"}

## Table 15: CAJ Import Prices in U.S.\$ per MT

  ------------------- ---------------------------- ----------- -----------
  **Prices Table**                                             

  **Country**         Germany                                  

  **Commodity**       Apple Juice, Concentrated                

  Prices in           U.S.\$                       per uom     MT

                                                               

  Year                2002                         2003        \% Change

  Jan                 630.51                       574.33      -9%

  Feb                 549.51                       664.85      21%

  Mar                 585.11                       647.72      11%

  Apr                 499.36                       654.19      31%

  May                 585.86                       646.48      10%

  Jun                 582.95                       708.2       21%

  Jul                 592.79                       652.78      10%

  Aug                 563.49                       673.84      20%

  Sep                 615.63                       665.75      8%

  Oct                 651.02                       868.53      33%

  Nov                 673.16                       858.17      27%

  Dec                 632.19                       857.35      36%
  ------------------- ---------------------------- ----------- -----------

## Table 16: German CAJ Imports by Country in MT

  --------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------
  **Import Trade                                                 
  Matrix**                                                       

  **Commodity**         Apple Juice,                             
                        Concentrated                             

  Time Period           Jul/Jun             Units:               MT

  Imports for:          2002                                     **2003**

  U.S.                  142                 U.S.                 175

  Others                                    Others               

  POLAND                176,084             POLAND               164,936

  CZECH REPUBLIC        44,052              CZECH REPUBLIC       43,797

  PR CHINA              31,334              PR CHINA             36,663

  HUNGARY               31,254              TURKEY               32,749

  ITALY                 30,247              UKRAINE              29,758

  TURKEY                19,670              ITALY                28,038

  AUSTRIA               17,046              AUSTRIA              22,038

  UKRAINE               16,787              MOLDOVA              16,525

  SWITZERLAND           10,306              HUNGARY              16,296

  IRAN                  8,908               IRAN                 13,823

  Total for Others      385,688                                  404,623

  Others not Listed     23,667                                   51,150

  Grand Total           409,497                                  455,948

                                                                 

  EU-15                 54,204                                   68,122

  NMS                   256,145                                  232,179

  Extra EU-25           99,005                                   155,471
  --------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

## Table 17: German CAJ Export by Country in MT

## 

  ------------------- --------------- -------------------- --------------
  **Export Trade                                           
  Matrix**                                                 

  **Country**         Germany                              

  **Commodity**       Apple Juice,                         
                      Concentrated                         

  Time Period         Jul/Jun         Units:               MT

  Exports for:        2002                                 **2003**

  U.S.                30,214          U.S.                 23,347

  Others                              Others               

  NETHERLANDS         24,443          NETHERLANDS          29,118

  UNITED KINGDOM      17,495          UNITED KINGDOM       20,381

  FRANCE              8,225           FRANCE               8,965

  BELGIUM             7,775           BELGIUM              5,626

  DENMARK             7,526           DENMARK              7,780

  AUSTRIA             8,278           AUSTRIA              9,503

  FINLAND             5,206           ITALY                3,969

  ITALY               3,452           SPAIN                2,724

  GREECE              3,534           GREECE               3,378

  SWEDEN              1,508           SWEDEN               1,424

  Total for Others    87,442                               92,868

  Others not Listed   13,194                               15,887

  Grand Total         130,850                              132,102

                                                           

  EU-15               89,379                               97,587

  NMS                 758                                  1,616

  Extra EU-25         40,690                               32,894
  ------------------- --------------- -------------------- --------------

Note: 2002 trade data covers July 2002 through June 2003

2003 trade data covers July 2003 through June 2004

[^1]: CY = Calendar Year

[^2]: MT = Metric ton = 1000 kg

[^3]: MY = Market year