Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 10/20/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** GM4041

GM1111

**Germany**

**Exporter Guide**

**Road Map to the German Market**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Karina Ramos

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Christel E. Wagner/Dietmar Achilles

**Report Highlights:**

Germany, with its 82.5 million people, has the world's 4th largest
economy after the U.S., Japan and China and is the leading market for
food and beverages in the European Union. The fastest growing component
of Germany's agricultural imports from the United States is
consumer-oriented products. Consumer-oriented products comprise 45
percent of German agricultural imports from the United States. In 2002,
Germany's imports of U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to \$597
million, slightly more than the \$537 million imported in 2001. The
increase occurred mainly in fish and fish products.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Unscheduled Report

Berlin \[GM1\]

\[GM\]

# SECTION I. MARKET OVERVIEW

#### Macro Economic Situation

Germany, with its 82.5 million people, has the world's 4th largest
economy after the U.S., Japan and China and is the leading market for
food and beverages in the European Union.

Since the mid 1990s, the German economy has slowed down to the point
that it has become one of the slowest growing economies in the entire
Euro zone. Growth in 2001-2003 fell short of 1 percent and a quick
turnaround is not expected in the foreseeable future. Growing export
demand is expected to drive significant growth in the near future.
However, high crude oil prices may have a negative impact on the overall
world economy in 2005.

The still relatively slow growth of the German economy is also plagued
by high unemployment and budget deficits. Unemployment in 2004 is
forecast to reach 10.7 percent, while the budget deficits rose to an
estimated 3.8 percent of GDP in 2003. In 2004, the German budget deficit
will exceed the maximum limits as fixed in the Treaty of Maastricht for
the 3^rd^ year in a row, with Germany's budget deficit estimated to
reach 4.0 percent or more. As a result of these negative economic
indicators and many negative media reports, demand for consumer products
has declined in recent years. Consumers have gradually increased their
savings rate from 9.7 percent in 2000 to an estimated 10.8 percent in
2004.

Since January 2002, eleven EU countries including Germany replaced their
national currencies with the Euro currency. This money exchange process
was accompanied with noticeable price increases in the restaurant and
gastronomy sector and in parts of the retail sector. However, the
officially reported inflation rate remained relatively low at 1.1
percent in 2003. In 2004, high oil prices drive inflation up to an
estimated average of 1.7 percent, still very low if compared with
inflation rates of the 1980s.

With respect to the international markets, the Euro significantly
regained value versus the US dollar since the spring of 2002, a recovery
of approximately 34 percent. This is expected to continue to have a
positive impact on U.S. exports to Germany in 2004 and 2005.

#### Key Demographic Trends

-   The average German consumer can be characterized as relatively
    affluent and increasingly older. Increases in the number of working
    women and the number of single-person households, as well as the
    large immigrant population, are other notable demographic
    characteristics.

-   Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world of only 1.4
    babies per woman of childbearing age that has led to an older age
    structure of the German populace. This trend is not expected to
    reverse in the foreseeable future. Currently, of Germany's 82.5
    million inhabitants, 35.4 million, or more than 40 percent, are 45
    years of age or older. Given current demographics, by the year 2030,
    every other German will be 50 years of age or older.

-   Along with an aging population, a rising number of single-person
    households and of women in the workforce has also had a substantial
    impact on food consumption.

    -   Currently there are about 14.2 million single-person households
        in Germany, about 40 percent of which are accounted for by
        persons under 45 years of age.

    -   Single-person households have about 25 percent more disposable
        income than individuals in multi-person households.

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-   The growing number of working women has increasingly contributed to
    Germany's high average net household income. The percentage of
    working women in the 15-65 age group is 58.9 percent.

-   The high share of single-person households and the rising number of
    working women has led to strong growth in the consumption of more
    convenient types of foods and beverages, such as frozen foods,
    snacks, prepared and other convenience foods. People spend less time
    preparing meals, which has increased the frequency of dining out and
    eating on the run.

-   More than a decade after reunification, the income gap between the
    67 million people living in the western German states and the 15
    million in the former East Germany still exists. Average incomes in
    the eastern states are still markedly lower than in the west and the
    unemployment rate in the east is more than twice as high than in the
    west.

-   A large immigrant population and the penchant by Germans to travel
    abroad has also influenced domestic food consumption behavior.

-   About 7.3 million foreigners without German passports live in
    Germany, the majority of whom have been in Germany more than 10
    years. These foreign populations, with their special products and
    cuisines, have exerted considerable influence on the consumption
    patterns of the entire nation.

-   As "world class" travelers, many Germans have been exposed to a
    large variety of different cultures, which has also been translated
    into consumer preferences for certain foods.

-   German consumers are adopting "healthier" eating habits and are
    increasing their purchases of natural and organically produced
    items.

    -   Shift toward lower fat meats and dairy products.

    -   High consumption of fruits and vegetables, which leveled off
        during past several years.

    -   Increased interest in functional foods.

    -   Consumption of most alcoholic beverages is flat.

    -   High interest in fruit juices and increasing interest in lighter
        fruit-based beverages.

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-   Consumer concerns about the environment and the safety of the food
    supply has led many to look for alternative or organic product
    sources, which they view as perhaps better for the environment,
    safer and more nutritious.

#### Consumer-Ready Food Market Overview

With the largest economy and population in Western Europe, Germany
represents the biggest market for consumer-oriented foods and beverages.
Germany's consumers spent Euro 191.7 billion (approx. \$170 billion) in
2003 on food and beverages, or about 14 percent of total expenditures.
Of this amount, about one-third is spent in restaurants, canteens and
other places where food and beverages are served on-premise. The
remaining two-thirds is spent in retail food and beverage outlets, e.g.,
supermarkets.

Changing lifestyles have fueled a sharp rise in the consumption of
processed, snack and other consumer-ready foods in Germany. Competition
in the agriculture, food and beverage markets is fierce, from both
domestic and imported products. German imports of these products are
large, mostly from neighboring EU member countries. However, U.S.-style
snack and processed foods are viewed favorably in Germany, particularly
by the younger generation and by German visitors to the USA.

Fierce Retail Competition - Relatively slow growth in overall food and
beverage sales and fierce competition among retailers has encouraged
buyouts and consolidation in the sector. As a result, a handful of giant
retailing companies now dominate food and beverage sales in Germany and
throughout Western Europe. However, competition in the market from
domestic and imported products is fierce and significant funds are spent
on promotion by governments, quasi-governmental organizations and
companies.

Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers - Despite improving access as part of the
Uruguay Round, many U.S. agricultural products still face tariff rate
quotas and high tariffs entering the EU. Particularly high tariffs are
assessed on EU imports from the United States of consumer-oriented
products such as animal-based products, fruit and fruit-based products,
and processed food products containing added sugar, flour, starch or
milk. The EU passed Biotech legislation in July 2003, which became
effective on April 18, 2004. Therefore, since then all products,
including processed foods, produced with approved biotech ingredients of
more than 0.9 percent must be labeled containing GMO.

The domestic market for consumer-oriented food products shows diverging
trends:

-   low prices for basic food products and

-   relatively high prices for premium and specialty items

Staple foods are often sold by retailers at, or occasionally even below,
cost. Meanwhile, the market for specialty foods (convenience, ethnic,
snack foods, etc.), which usually command premium prices, is growing
steadily.

German imports of consumer-oriented products comprised 45 percent of
total agricultural imports from the United States. In 2002, Germany's
imports of U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to \$597 million,
slightly more than the \$537 million imported in 2001. The increase
occurred mainly in fish and fish products. Further slight increases
occurred in such products as snack foods, tree nuts, fresh fruits and
processed fruits and vegetables.

According to trade data obtained from the Federal Office of Statistics,
German imports of

tree nuts and snack foods from the United States continued to increase
in 2003. Further positive trends were noted for citrus fruit, walnuts
and almonds, sweets, canned fruits and vegetables and wine. As opposed
to 2002, German imports of U.S. fish and fish products show a clear
decrease in 2003 due to China's re-entry into the German market. But
U.S. exports are expected to remain steady in 2004.

#### Advantages/Opportunities and Challenges Facing U.S. Products in Germany

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Advantages/Opportunities**        **Challenges**

  Germany's 82.5 million inhabitants  Very competitive market combined
  have one of the highest income      with stagnant growth in retail
  levels in the world.                sales.

  Germany is among the largest        German (EU) import tariffs on
  food/beverage importing nations in  certain products are high. EU
  the world.                          enlargement will give preferential
                                      access to products from accession
                                      countries.

  Growing market for organic          German buyers demand quality, but
  products. Private label products    also low prices; discounters are
  are popular.                        fastest growing segment of retail
                                      market.

  Germany has many, well-established  Retailers often charge high listing
  importers. Distribution system is   fees for products.
  well developed.                     

  The "American-Way-of-Life" and      Retailers seldom import products
  U.S.-style foods are popular,       into Germany (EU) on their own.
  principally among the affluent      
  younger generation.                 

  Large non-German population and     Margins on food at retail are very
  German's penchant to travel abroad  thin.
  help fuel demand for a variety of   
  foreign products.                   
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

**SECTION II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS**

**Exporter Business Tips**

By law, the German importer has legal liability for imported products
marketed in Germany and therefore has a strong interest in working with
the foreign supplier to ensure that the product meets all food law and
marketing requirements. Finding the right partner is the key to success
in the German market.

All imported food products must comply with German/EU food law
regulations with regard to ingredients, packaging and labeling, as well
as with applicable veterinary or phytosanitary requirements. In Germany,
no official agency is responsible for food label registration, review,
clearance and approval. However, private registered food laboratories
are available to provide these types of services.

All food and beverage products imported into Germany for retail sale
must:

-   be labeled in German,

-   use metric units of measure,

-   list the ingredients and any additives,

-   contain a minimum shelf-life date, and

-   list the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or an
    importer within the EU.

In addition, special labeling requirements exist for nutritional value
and for vitamin-enriched and dietetic foods. Germany also identifies
mandatory and non-mandatory standard container sizes for specific
products.

Food and feeds imported into Germany must comply with the recently
enacted (April 18, 2004) EU Traceability and Labeling regulations for
food and feeds produced with genetically modified organisms. These EU
regulations can be accessed via the following hyperlinks:

<http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_268/l_26820031018en00010023.pdf>
and

<http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_268/l_26820031018en00240028.pdf>

EU regulations maintain a positive list of allowable food additives.
With the exception of a limited number of additives approved for general
use, most additives, colorings and artificial sweeteners are approved
only for specific purposes and foods. With the exception of dried
aromatic herbs and spices, irradiated foods are prohibited in Germany,
although such imports are allowed in some other EU countries. Germany's
irradiation prohibition is currently under discussion.

Meat, poultry and seafood products (including game) from the United
States can only be imported into Germany from plants approved by EU
veterinarians. An EU-wide ban on growth-promoting hormones used for beef
production has sharply reduced U.S. access to the EU beef market.
Despite a favorable ruling by the World Trade Organization (WTO) the EU
has yet to lift the ban. Due to EU import regulations, U.S. poultry meat
is currently not permitted entry into the EU.

U.S. exports to Germany (EU) of fresh fruits and vegetables and
unprocessed/raw nuts must be accompanied by a USDA phytosanitary
certificate.

Any product produced or legally imported into one EU-member country can
\-- in principle \-- be distributed in all other EU-member countries,
even though national food laws are not yet fully harmonized. Competition
remains keen among European food processors and manufacturers,
importers, distributors, and retailers as they seek to expand market
share, especially in the more affluent EU food markets such as Germany.

\*For additional information on EU/German Regulations see the [Food and
Agricultural Import Regulations & Standards (FAIRS)]{.underline} report
on the FAS Home Page - http://www.fas.usda.gov .

The German market offers good opportunities for U.S. exporters of
consumer-oriented agricultural products and other food items. However,
Germany is not a market to "dump" excess product or to look to \"make a
fast buck.\" U.S. suppliers of consumer-ready foods and beverages
interested in developing a market for their products in Germany must be
prepared to:

-   offer a product that meets German/EU food law, packaging and
    labeling requirements,

-   invest time and money to develop the market (e.g. provide samples to
    test the market),

-   start with smaller shipments (pallets instead of container loads),
    and

-   assist the German importer with sales promotion support, especially
    when such products are not well known to German consumers

Because of transportation costs, duties and other costs associated with
importing, many U.S. products sold in Germany become relatively
high-priced specialty items and may only be sold in smaller quantities.
This also pertains to products that are almost considered "staple" foods
in the United States, such as pre-mixes, pancake syrup, etc. Once a U.S.
processed food product is sold in large quantities, or meets a current
trend in the market, production is often relocated to somewhere in the
EU. For example, this substitution has increasingly occurred in the very
popular Mexican or Tex-Mex segment.

#### Import and Distribution

In Germany the import and distribution of food and beverage products,
primarily from countries outside the EU, is usually handled by
specialized importers. German retail organizations rarely import
directly from countries outside the EU, except for items that they
purchase in large quantities. These volume imports are often made
through agents or brokers.

Traditional importers normally specialize in products or product groups.
Due to regular intensive contact with their customers, they usually have
an in-depth knowledge of the requirements of individual retailers and of
the market conditions in Germany. They source products, handle import
(customs) formalities, logistics, supply maintenance and often even
pricing and labeling. They also typically advise foreign exporters and
insure that imported products meet food law, labeling, packaging,
packaging material disposal (including \"Green Dot\" licenses and fees)
and other market requirements.

Importers can also arrange for consolidated shipments of products; for
example, specialty foods to test the market in order to gain
distribution. Importers normally distribute nation-wide, either through
their own sales force or through a network of independent sales agents.
Choosing the right partner and developing an appropriate marketing
strategy is a key component in gaining access to and insuring success in
the German food market.

Direct sales to the central purchasing organizations of food retailers
may be the most desirable system for a foreign supplier. Due to their
wide range of distribution, central buyers are generally flooded with
offers from competing suppliers. Purchasing organizations often have
only a limited interest in working with new suppliers, unless particular
advantages in quality, price or promotional support are offered.

For U.S. suppliers, gaining a foothold in the German market and adequate
distribution in the retail trade, while a challenge, can be very
rewarding.

New products on the German market require some 12 to 18 months in order
to test for market acceptance and potential.

Keen competition for shelf space coupled with among the lowest retail
price margins in Europe requires strong and defensible arguments for
new-to-market products.

Listing (slotting) fees in the equivalent of several thousand dollars or
more per product are not unusual and do not assure shelf space for long
if a profitable turnover is not achieved. The exception may be a
retailer\'s desire to maintain a competitive edge with a full-service
assortment.

#### Competition/Promotion

Food promotions under a national banner have a solid founding within the
trade and retail sectors and, when appropriately designed and stocked,
can yield effective results for the exporter and the domestic sales
partner.

Third-country promotions for food products in Germany strongly focus on
generic aspects. Examples of these types of promotions are: in-store
promotions, special combined editorial and advertising sections in trade
magazines and national exhibits at trade and consumer fairs. In
department stores, a country may be featured with a full line of food
and non-food products as well as other economic segments, such as
tourism.

Well over half of Germany's agricultural imports, including
consumer-oriented products, are sourced from other EU-member countries,
principally France, the Netherlands and Italy. Germany's major
consumer-oriented agricultural imports from other EU-member countries
are: meat and products, dairy products, fresh and processed fruit and
vegetables, wine, flowers and nursery products, and processed food.

In addition to the United States, Germany also imports significant
quantities of agricultural products from other non-EU countries. In
2003, Germany's agricultural imports from all non-EU member countries,
excluding those from the United States, totaled \$12.9 billion. Primary
suppliers are countries in Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean region,
Latin America and the Caribbean, and South Africa. Germany's major
consumer-oriented product imports from these countries include: fresh
and processed fruit and vegetables, nuts and dried fruit, and meat and
products.

EU import restrictions and food law requirements effectively act to
limit the range of products imported from third countries. Thus, large
promotion campaigns typically concentrate on products not available in
the EU, or products not available in sufficient quantity because of
season or climate, for example, Chilean fresh fruits; New Zealand
apples, pears and kiwifruit; New Zealand lamb and game meats; South
African deciduous and citrus fruits; and tropical fruits, spices and
coffee from countries throughout the world.

The German food retail market is highly diversified and extremely price
competitive, with domestic and foreign suppliers fiercely competing for
shelf space. Staple foods are typically sold strictly on price, with
extremely low margins. Retailers have increasingly sold such products as
milk, sugar, and flour at bare minimum prices, while high-quality
specialty foods command premium prices. The higher mark-ups on these
high-quality specialty items sometimes allow the more basic products to
be sold at extremely low margins or to be "subsidized."

During special promotions, original U.S. products may be featured which
do not meet German labeling laws. However, any U.S. supplier seriously
interested in marketing products in Germany must comply with German
regulations. Also, marketing and promotional support is normally
expected from a foreign (United States) supplier.

**SECTION III. MARKET SECTOR, STRUCTURE AND TRENDS**

**Food Retail**

Germany is the largest retail food and beverage market in Europe. In
2003, Germany's consumers spent approximately \$170 billion on food and
beverages. Of this amount two-thirds is spent in retail food and
beverage outlets such as supermarkets and discount stores. Although
Germany continues to be an excellent market for U.S. products, Germany's
stagnant economy has affected retail sales.

In 2002, Germany's food and beverage retailers registered annual sales
(turnover) of Euro 148 billion (equivalent to about \$ 140 billion).
Growth in sales remains relatively flat, with food/beverage sales
growing only about 5 percent over the last five years. Taking into
account retail price inflation, real growth in sales over this period
was about zero.

The slowth in sales has affected how food and beverages are being
marketed in Germany. Small local shops and supermarkets still comprise
the bulk of outlets but they are increasingly being replaced by large
hypermarkets and discount food stores. The latter now accounts for about
60 percent of all retail food and beverage sales, despite accounting for
less than one-quarter of all the outlets. Metro AG is Germany's largest
operator of hypermarkets and Aldi and Lidl are the leading operators of
discount markets.

The discount segment is the most dynamic in Germany. Discounters have
prospered in recent years, as German consumers have become more and more
price conscious. Currently, in terms of sales, discount stores comprise
close to 35 percent of the retail food market, up from 24.3 percent a
decade ago. Aldi is the largest discounter with close to 48 percent of
the discount market.

German retailers are some of the largest in Europe and the world. Many
of the major German retailers already generate a significant portion of
their total sales from non-German operations. For example, the following
German retailers had significant sales outside of Germany in 2000: Metro
(41.3 percent), Aldi (28.5 percent), Tengelmann (22.5 percent), Rewe
(20.2 percent).

German retailers, including buying associations such as Markant normally
source most if not all of their imported products from specialized
importers. Most U.S. companies interested in exporting to Germany and in
developing a position in the German market are advised to work with an
importer(s) or with an agent/broker that services these sectors.

For more information on the retail market, please see the report
entitled Germany's Retail Food Sector on the FAS home page at
http://www.fas.usda.gov.

**Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional (HRI)**

The German food service sector is large and highly fragmented. The
German food service sector can be divided into commercial and
institutional food service. The German commercial foodservice market
includes hotels, restaurants, fast food & take out outlets, bars,
cafeterias, coffee shops, and similar outlets. The institutional
foodservice market is comprised of hospitals, universities, nursing
homes, and cafeterias.

Total turnover of the German food service market amounted to 55.5
billion Euro in 2003 (\$ 62.8 billion), 5.1% less that 2002. This
decrease can be attributed primarily to the depressed economic climate.
High unemployment and the uncertainty of the economic future induces
consumers to increase savings and reduce expenditures, e.g. by eating
out less. According to M+M EUROdATA research, German consumers primarily
purchase food and beverage products at the retail level. Only a little
over 15 percent of German food and beverage expenditures are from the
food service sector (restaurants, hotels, etc).

The traditional full-service gastronomy (restaurants, pubs, cafes)
suffered most from the economic downswing, whereas the bigger players
actually achieved a small increase in revenue. This can be attributed
largely to their ability to streamline expenses and reduce overhead
costs. The outlook for the near future is gradually improving, albeit
only marginally. Take away foods and hand-held snacks, the least
expensive options for consumers are viewed as trends with the most
potential in the near future, while fine dining and similar service
providers are the most impacted by the economic situation.

Industry sources estimate the largest growth opportunities in the German
food service sector over the next 2-3 years are in coffee bars/shops,
gas station snacks, home-delivery, and leisure snack shops.

German food service operators rarely import products directly from third
(non-EU) countries, because of

· Quantities needed

· Complex import procedures

· Language

· Time difference

· Availability of specialized imports who take potential risks

To ensure that the products they use meet all sanitary and health
requirements, major operators from the institutional catering sector
often buy through central buying offices. Large caterers may
occasionally import directly or ask their importers or brokers to import
products they are especially interested in. The two major distribution
channels for the German food service trade are Cash & Carry Wholesalers
and Specialized Distributor/Wholesalers.

All food products imported must comply with German/EU food law
requirements. For details see the Food and Agricultural Import
Regulations & Standards (FAIRS) report on the FAS Home Page -
[http://www.fas.usda.gov]{.underline} for more information about the
German gastronomy sector please see the HRI report for Germany.

#### SECTION IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS

Despite the existence of a "single" EU market, consumer demand and the
structure of the food and beverage market vary substantially between the
individual member-countries of the EU, as well as between north, south,
east, and west Germany. Generally, those U.S. products with the best
export opportunities in the German market meet one or more of the
following criteria:

\- product is not grown/produced in Europe

\- the basic product is not produced in Europe in sufficient quantities
or quality

\- a fresh product is not currently in season

\- the product is specifically unique to the U.S. or to a region within
the U.S.

The following products from the United States have good potential for
finding markets in Germany:

-   **Specialty Items**: Specialty food items and products, particularly
    those with little or no competition from European production, have
    good sales potential in Germany. These products include:
    delicatessen and snack foods, novelty products, food products
    germane to the United States, spices, dried vegetables, wild rice.

-   **Ethnic Foods**: One of the fastest growing segments of the German
    food service sector is ethnic foods. European ethnic foods, for
    example Italian, Greek, and Spanish foods, have been popular in
    Germany for years. In recent years, Asian and Mexican or Tex-Mex
    foods have experienced increasing popularity due in part to the
    extensive international travel by Germans. These ethnic products
    have become so popular, and sold in sufficient quantities, that they
    are now being produced by the German/European food industry and
    adapted to local tastes.

-   **Nuts**: Germany imports significant quantities of a wide
    assortment of tree nuts, as well as peanuts and sunflower seeds. In
    Germany, most tree nuts are used as ingredients by the food
    processing sector, e.g., ice cream, confectionery, breakfast
    cereals, baked goods, etc. Sunflower seeds are also used mostly as a
    food ingredient, particularly in very popular sunflower seed bread
    and bread rolls. The German food service industry offers good
    opportunities for U.S. exporters of almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts,
    pecans, pistachios, as well as peanuts and confectionery quality
    sunflower seeds.

-   **Dried Fruit**: Like nuts, Germany imports a significant quantity
    and a wide assortment of dried fruits. Dried fruit is mostly used as
    an ingredient by the food-processing sector for use in breakfast
    cereals, baked goods, etc. Dried fruit is also popular as a snack,
    often in combination with nuts.

-   **Wine**: Wine consumption in Germany has been growing during recent
    years. In particular, the demand for red wine is strong. Good
    prospects exist for "new world" wines, including those from the
    United States. Germany is the world's largest importer of wine, with
    imports accounting for about one-half of domestic consumption.

-   **Fresh Fruits and Vegetables**: Opportunities are greatest for
    products which are not grown in Europe, or are grown in only limited
    quantities. Potential also exists for fresh products that can be
    supplied when EU product is off-season, which may be a period of
    several weeks prior to or after the local crop is marketed. Green
    asparagus, grapefruit, pears and certain soft fruits and berries
    offer the best opportunities.

-   **Fruit Juices**: Germany has one of the highest rates of per capita
    juice consumption in the world. The most popular juices are apple
    and orange, and these two items also account for most imports. The
    best opportunities for U.S. products in the German market are citrus
    (orange and grapefruit) and specialty (cranberry and prune) juices.

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-   **Dairy Products:** Opportunities in this sector are mostly limited
    to niche products, as the EU is a net exporter of dairy products. EU
    import tariffs typically increase the price for imported dairy
    products well beyond that of domestic product, which leaves only
    limited potential for specialty products at relatively high prices.

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-   **Pet Food:** The German market for pet food and pet-related
    products is large, reflecting a large pet population and German's
    affinity for their pets \-- particularly dogs, cats, birds and
    horses. Several large companies for prepared pet food dominate the
    German market; however, U.S. pet food and ingredients used in
    producing pet food still face good prospects in the German market.\
    \
    Please note: EU regulation 1774/2002 introduced certain restrictions
    in relation to pet food production. It requires that animal
    by-products used in the production of feeds and pet food be derived
    from the carcasses of animal declared fit for human consumption
    following veterinary inspection. Provisions include a ban on
    intra-species recycling and fallen stock and restrictions on yellow
    grease. Certain categories of pet food have to be denatured with
    specified substances. Pet food plants have to be dedicated to
    production of product fit for human consumption. For further details
    please see the website of the US mission to the EU:
    <http://www.useu.be/agri/by-products.html>

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-   **Fish and Seafood**: Fish and certain seafood products (Alaska
    pollock, Alaska salmon; lobster, etc.) from the United States have
    enjoyed success in the German market in recent years.

-   **High Quality Beef and Game Products**: Limited opportunities exist
    for hormone-free, high quality beef, game, and exotic meat products.
    Even though those products are normally very expensive, they find a
    market in German gourmet restaurants. All meat must originate from
    plants certified and approved by EU authorities before it can be
    shipped to or sold in the German market.

**SECTION V. KEY CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION**

**German Trade Shows for Consumer-Oriented Products**

Participating or simply attending a trade show can be a very
cost-effective way to test the German market, introduce a product or to
expand sales. Germany offers a wide variety of trade show venues for
food and beverage products. The following table provides details on
major trade shows for food, beverages and other agricultural and related
industries taking place in Germany.

+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Important German Trade      |            |                         |
| Shows - 2005**                |            |                         |
+===============================+============+=========================+
| **Heimtextil (International   | January 12 | Show Organizer:         |
| Fabrics Show)**               | -- 15,     |                         |
|                               | 2005       | Messe Frankfurt GmbH    |
| Frankfurt, Main, Germany      |            |                         |
|                               |            | Ludwig-Erhard-Anlage 1  |
| (Interval: yearly)            |            |                         |
|                               |            | 60327 Frankfurt/Main    |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | Ph: (+49-69) 7575-0     |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (+49-69) 7575-6433 |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | [http://www.messe       |
|                               |            | frankfurt.com](http://w |
|                               |            | ww.messefrankfurt.com/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <i                      |
|                               |            | nfo@messefrankfurt.com> |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **IPM (International Plant    | January    | U.S. Pavilion           |
| Show)**                       | 27 - 30,   | Organizer:              |
|                               | 2005       |                         |
| Essen, Germany (Interval:     |            | Essen fairground's U.S. |
| yearly)                       |            | office: Tel: (212)      |
|                               |            | 356-0406                |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (212) 356-0404.    |
| European trade fair for the   |            |                         |
| horticultural and nursery     |            | [http:                  |
| industry. The Southern        |            | //www.messe‑essen.de]() |
| Nurserymen and SUSTA          |            |                         |
| participate jointly in the    |            |                         |
| U.S. Pavilion at the show.    |            |                         |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ISM (International Sweets   | January    | U.S. Pavilion           |
| and Biscuit Show)**           | 30-        | Organizer: National     |
|                               | February   | Confectioners           |
| Cologne, Germany (Interval:   | 2, 2005    | Association (NCA)       |
| yearly)                       |            |                         |
|                               |            | Tel: (703) 790‑5750     |
| Target Market:                |            |                         |
| Europe/International          |            | Fax: (703) 790‑5752     |
|                               |            |                         |
| World's largest show for      |            | <http:/                 |
| snacks and confectionery      |            | /www.koelnmesse.de/ism> |
| products.                     |            |                         |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Fruit Logistica**           | February   | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | 10-12,     | Organizer:              |
| Berlin, Germany (Interval:    | 2005       |                         |
| yearly)                       |            | B\*FOR International:   |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market:                |            | Tel: (540) 373-9935     |
| Germany/Central & Eastern     |            |                         |
| Europe                        |            | Fax: (540) 372-1414.    |
|                               |            |                         |
| Good venue for exhibiting     |            | [http://www.fru         |
| fresh and dried fruit, nuts   |            | itlogistica.de](http:// |
| and related products.         |            | www.fruitlogistica.de/) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Bio Fach**                  | February   | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | 24-27,     | Organizer:              |
| Nuremberg, Germany (Interval: | 2005       |                         |
| yearly)                       |            | B\*FOR International:   |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            | Tel: (540) 373-9935     |
|                               |            |                         |
| The leading European trade    |            | Fax: (540) 372-1411.    |
| show for organic food and     |            |                         |
| non-food products.            |            | [                       |
|                               |            | http://www.biofach.de]( |
|                               |            | http://www.biofach.de/) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Equitana**                  | February   | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | 26- March  |                         |
| Essen, Germany (Interval:     | 3, 2005    | Messe Essen GmbH        |
| yearly)                       |            |                         |
|                               |            | Tel: (+49-201) 7244-0   |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (+49-201) 7244-513 |
| The leading European trade    |            |                         |
| show for                      |            | [http://w               |
|                               |            | ww.messe-essen.de](http |
|                               |            | ://www.messe-essen.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | [ht                     |
|                               |            | tp://www.equitana.de](h |
|                               |            | ttp://www.equitana.de/) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Internorga**                | March 3-9, | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | 2005       |                         |
| Hamburg, Germany, (Interval:  |            | Hamburg fair            |
| yearly)                       |            | authorities,            |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: Northern       |            | Tel: (49-40) 35 69 0    |
| Germany                       |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (49-40) 36 69 21   |
| Show for the hotel,           |            | 80                      |
| restaurant, catering, baking  |            |                         |
| and confectionery trades.     |            | [http://                |
|                               |            | www.hamburg‑messe.de]() |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ProWein**                   | March 6-8, | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | 2005       |                         |
| Duesseldorf, Germany,         |            | Duesseldorf Messe       |
| (Interval: yearly)            |            | Authorities             |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: International  |            | Tel: (49-211) 4560 01   |
|                               |            |                         |
| International Trade Show for  |            | Fax: (49-211) 4560 668  |
| wine and spirits.             |            |                         |
|                               |            | [                       |
|                               |            | http://www.prowein.de]( |
|                               |            | http://www.prowein.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <inf                    |
|                               |            | o@messe-duesseldorf.de> |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ANUGA**                     | October    | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | 8-12, 2005 | Organizer:              |
| Cologne, Germany, (Interval:  |            |                         |
| 2 years)                      |            | B\*FOR International,   |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market:                |            | Tel: (540) 373-9935     |
| Europe/International          |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (540) 372-1414     |
| International Trade Show for  |            |                         |
| One of the leading            |            | <http://w               |
| international trade shows for |            | ww.koelnmesse.de/anuga> |
| food and beverages and the    |            |                         |
| premier show of its kind held |            |                         |
| in Germany. Traditionally a   |            |                         |
| large U.S. Pavilion at this   |            |                         |
| show featuring about 150-200  |            |                         |
| U.S. companies and            |            |                         |
| associations. USDA-endorsed   |            |                         |
| show.                         |            |                         |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+

Note: More information about these and other German exhibitions and
trade shows can be found under the following Internet address:
[http://www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/) .

#### Additional Market Information

**Internet Home Pages**

Internet home pages of potential interest to U.S. food and beverage
exporters are listed below:

AUMA [www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/)

U.S. Mission to the European Union
[www.useu.be/agri/usda.html](http://www.useu.be/agri/usda.html)

FAS/Washington [www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

European Importer Directory
[www.american-foods.org](http://www.american-foods.org/)

FAS/Berlin [www.usembassy.de](http://www.usembassy.de/)

If you have questions or comments regarding this report, or need
assistance exporting to Germany, please contact the U.S. Agricultural
Affairs Office in Berlin at the following address:

Agricultural Affairs Office

American Embassy

Clayallee 170

14195 Berlin

tel: (49) (30) 8305 - 1150

fax: (49) (30) 8431 - 1935

email: <AgBerlin@usda.gov>

Home Page: [http://www.usembassy.de](http://www.usembassy.de/)

Please view our Home Page for more information on exporting U.S. food
and beverage products to Germany, including market and product "briefs"
available on specific topics of interest to U.S. exporters.

Importer listings are available from the Agricultural Affairs Office for
use by U.S. exporters of U.S. food and beverage products. Recent reports
of interests to U.S. exporters interested in the German Market include:

Report Title Report Number Month Report was written

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  FAIRS Report            GM 4027                 July 2004

  Retail Report           GM 3049                 December 2003

  Wine Report             GM 3046                 November 2003

  Fish Products Report    GM 3037                 October 2003

  HRI Food Service Sector GM 4028                 August 2004
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

For more information on exporting U.S. agricultural products to other
countries, please visit the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page at
[http://www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

# Currency Conversion Rates

The value of the dollar has been decreasing against the Euro since 2002.
This report includes the dollar equivalents for the reader's convenience
but all trends and analysis in this report refer to changes on a Euro
basis.

Average Annual Currency Conversion Rates:

2000 1 U.S.\$ = 1.0827 Euro

2001 1 U.S.\$ = 1.1166 Euro

2002 1 U.S. \$ = 1.0575 Euro

2003 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8840 Euro

**APPENDIX/ STATISTICS**

A. KEY TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Key Trade & Demographic Information - 2003**         
  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------
  Agricultural Imports (Million U.S. Dollars)/U.S.       \$47,934 / 3.5%
  Market Share (%)                                       

  Consumer‑Ready Food Product Imports (Value)/U.S.       \$23,650 / 2.7%
  Market Share (%)                                       

  Edible Fishery Imports                                 \$2,501 / 4%

  Population (million)/Annual Growth Rate                82.54 / 0%

  Urban Population (Millions)/Growth Rate                26.6 / **-**0.2%

  Number of Major Metropolitan Areas                     5

  Unemployment Rate                                      10.8%

  Size of Middle Class (Millions)                        N.A.

  Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (U.S. Dollars)       \$22,804

  Per Capita Food Expenditures (U.S. Dollars)            \$2,061

  Percent of Female Population Employed                  65.3

  Exchange Rate (Average Annual for 2003)                U.S. \$1 =
                                                         0.8840
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 41%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><strong>Table B: Consumer Food and Edible Fishery
Product Imports</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p>German Imports of Agriculture, Fish &amp; Forestry
Products</p>
<p>(in Millions of Dollars)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the World</td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the U.S.</td>
<td colspan="3">U.S. Market Share</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>2002</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h6 id="consumer-oriented-agricultural-total">CONSUMER-ORIENTED
AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</h6></td>
<td>24,083</td>
<td>24,420</td>
<td>26,805</td>
<td>485</td>
<td>461</td>
<td>463</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</td>
<td>1,221</td>
<td>1,360</td>
<td>1,453</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.74%</td>
<td>0.66%</td>
<td>0.85%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.58%</td>
<td>0.27%</td>
<td>0.49%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Red Meats, Fresh/Chilled/Frozen</td>
<td>2,085</td>
<td>1,774</td>
<td>2,204</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0.05%</td>
<td>0.07%</td>
<td>0.10%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Red Meats, Prepared/Preserved</td>
<td>788</td>
<td>957</td>
<td>883</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.30%</td>
<td>0.21%</td>
<td>0.15%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Poultry Meat</td>
<td>767</td>
<td>942</td>
<td>798</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</td>
<td>1,225</td>
<td>1,216</td>
<td>1,557</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.04%</td>
<td>0.10%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cheese</td>
<td>1,565</td>
<td>1,625</td>
<td>1,852</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.04%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Eggs &amp; Products</td>
<td>284</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>342</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fresh Fruit</td>
<td>2,959</td>
<td>2,997</td>
<td>3,298</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0.56%</td>
<td>0.62%</td>
<td>0.60%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fresh Vegetables</td>
<td>2,352</td>
<td>2,345</td>
<td>2,698</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.04%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.02%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</td>
<td>2,463</td>
<td>2,553</td>
<td>2,695</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</td>
<td>788</td>
<td>738</td>
<td>813</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Tree Nuts</td>
<td>648</td>
<td>619</td>
<td>571</td>
<td>188</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>29%</td>
<td>25%</td>
<td>29%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wine &amp; Beer</td>
<td>1,882</td>
<td>1,837</td>
<td>1,903</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</td>
<td>1,491</td>
<td>1,444</td>
<td>1,780</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0.98%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</td>
<td>395</td>
<td>418</td>
<td>519</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</td>
<td>3,077</td>
<td>3,208</td>
<td>3,335</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h6 id="fish-seafood-products">FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</h6></td>
<td>2,122</td>
<td>2,266</td>
<td>2,233</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>134</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Salmon</td>
<td>339</td>
<td>275</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Surimi</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>16%</td>
<td>8%</td>
<td>15%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Crustaceans</td>
<td>304</td>
<td>313</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Groundfish &amp; Flatfish</td>
<td>774</td>
<td>937</td>
<td>940</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>114</td>
<td>0.66%</td>
<td>6%</td>
<td>12%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Molluscs</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.36%</td>
<td>0.40%</td>
<td>0.44%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Other Fishery Products</td>
<td>613</td>
<td>629</td>
<td>709</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0.96%</td>
<td>0.84%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h6 id="agricultural-products-total">AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
TOTAL</h6></td>
<td>34,266</td>
<td>33,979</td>
<td>36,837</td>
<td>1,401</td>
<td>1,329</td>
<td>1,330</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>AGRICULTURAL, FISH &amp; FORESTRY TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>40,944</td>
<td>40,053</td>
<td>42,977</td>
<td>1,698</td>
<td>1,597</td>
<td>1,617</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit)                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Source: FAS\' Global Agricultural Trade System using data             |
|                                                                       |
| from the United Nations Statistical Office                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| #### TABLE C:        |             |                |               |
|                      |             |                |               |
| #                    |             |                |               |
|  CONSUMER-ORIENTED A |             |                |               |
| GRICULTURAL TOTAL  { |             |                |               |
| #consumer-oriented-a |             |                |               |
| gricultural-total-1} |             |                |               |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Reporting Country:\  | Import      |                |               |
| Germany\             |             |                |               |
| Top 15 Ranking       |             |                |               |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
|                      | 2000        | 2001           | 2002          |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
|                      | 1000\$      | 1000\$         | 1000\$        |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Netherlands          | 5,213,395   | 5,164,286      | 5,950,764     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| France               | 2,859,334   | 2,783,173      | 3,062,352     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Italy                | 2,640,694   | 2,779,329      | 3,006,881     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Spain                | 2,146,952   | 2,143,578      | 2,411,199     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Belgium              | 1,502,326   | 1,577,725      | 1,724,918     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Denmark              | 1,012,015   | 938,390        | 1,204,371     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Austria              | 759,129     | 812,381        | 970,392       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Ireland              | 571,785     | 530,925        | 674,322       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Poland               | 514,033     | 599,037        | 663,965       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Brazil               | 500,140     | 574,286        | 587,603       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Turkey               | 576,245     | 643,332        | 553,470       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| United States        | 485,284     | 460,593        | 462,941       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Switzerland          | 451,821     | 457,344        | 455,335       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| United Kingdom       | 429,540     | 376,086        | 415,626       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| New Zealand          | 296,648     | 363,089        | 377,330       |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| Other                | 4,122,826   | 4,216,470      | 4,283,414     |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+
| World                | 24,082,647  | 24,420,426     | 26,804,699    |
+----------------------+-------------+----------------+---------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit)                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Source: FAS\' Global Agricultural Trade System using data             |
|                                                                       |
| from the United Nations Statistical Office                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

####  

#### 

+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| #### FISH & SEAFOOD PRODU      |           |           |           |
| CTS {#fish-seafood-products-1} |           |           |           |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Reporting Country:\            | Import    |           |           |
| Germany\                       |           |           |           |
| Top 15 Ranking                 |           |           |           |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|                                | 2000      | 2001      | 2002      |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|                                | 1000\$    | 1000\$    | 1000\$    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Denmark                        | 367,718   | 416,078   | 345,350   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Norway                         | 314,592   | 271,936   | 265,959   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Netherlands                    | 193,191   | 185,008   | 199,543   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| United States                  | 35,069    | 75,851    | 134,457   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Russian Federation             | 153,321   | 146,849   | 128,780   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Poland                         | 114,381   | 120,911   | 118,384   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| China (Peoples Republic of)    | 80,544    | 140,813   | 100,262   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Iceland                        | 80,629    | 77,183    | 90,532    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| France                         | 59,677    | 60,473    | 85,414    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| United Kingdom                 | 73,458    | 69,778    | 59,962    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Philippines                    | 39,212    | 41,682    | 59,938    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Thailand                       | 68,358    | 70,530    | 55,730    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Spain                          | 31,177    | 44,442    | 43,429    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Italy                          | 25,583    | 34,632    | 36,033    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Ireland                        | 23,202    | 35,568    | 34,894    |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Other                          | 461,802   | 474,462   | 474,323   |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| World                          | 2,122,041 | 2,266,280 | 2,232,958 |
+--------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit)                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Source: FAS\' Global Agricultural Trade System using data             |
|                                                                       |
| from the United Nations Statistical Office                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+