![](media/image1.png){width="0.8444444444444444in"
height="1.023611111111111in"}**U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE**

**Region 2**

**Environmental Contaminants Program**

![](media/image4.wmf)

**by**

**J. Allen White**

**U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service**

**10711 Burnet Road, Suite No. 200**

**Austin, Texas 78758**

**October 2004**

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|         | P.O. Box 1306                                    |         |
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|         | Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103                    |         |
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|         | http://ifw2es.fws.gov                            |         |
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In Reply Refer To:

R2/ES-EC

CL 5-8

JUL 06 2004

Memorandum

To: Supervisors, Ecological Services Field Offices, Region 2

From: Regional Director, Region 2

Subject: Transmittal of Regional Pesticide Recommendations

This memorandum transmits the attached document, "Recommended Protection
Measures for Pesticide Applications in Region 2 of the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service," for use as a reference by Service personnel. The
referenced document will serve as the regional pesticide recommendations
(RPR) for protecting Service trust resources (refuges/hatcheries,
migratory birds, and threatened and endangered (T&E) species) in Region
2. The RPR was compiled from Service biologists, Service biological
consultations on pesticides, and scientific literature on pesticides. A
draft of this document has previously been reviewed by Region 2 field
offices as requested under my memorandum of January 31, 2002, and
comments from that review have been incorporated into the current
document.

Pesticide protection measures listed in the RPR may be used in
Endangered Species Act (ESA) actions such as section 7 consultations or
section 10 permit processes involving T&E species in Region 2. However,
the RPR cannot be used in lieu of section 7 consultations or section 10
permits. The RPR may also be used in conjunction with developing
protection measures for the Pesticide Use Program (PUP) on refuges and
hatcheries. Copies of the document may be provided to agencies or
pesticide applicators for specific pesticide actions involving Service
trust resources.

Recommendations in the RPR do not constitute rules, regulations,
requirements, or project evaluation criteria of the Service. The
recommendations also do not create or establish any legal obligations,
binding effects, minimum standards, or criteria to be adopted by the
private sector or by government agencies at the Federal, state, or local
levels. Recommended protection measures in the RPR may be modified on a
case-by-case basis with additional information. As part of a Federal
agency action or HCP permit process under the ESA, agencies or
applicators can submit alternative protection measures for specific
pesticides to the nearest Service field office. These alternative
protection measures should be based on ecological risk assessments,
field trials, or peer-reviewed publications.

A copy of the referenced document should be available at each Ecological
Services Field Office in Region 2, and the document should be updated
with new information on pesticides and species, as necessary. Updates
for the RPR will also be available in the Contaminants section of the
Region 2 website at http://ifw2es.fws.gov. Any new information on
pesticides or necessary protection measures for T&E species should be
coordinated with Allen White, Regional Pesticide Coordinator, in the
Austin Ecological Services Field Office.

Geoffrey L. Haskett

> /s/ H. Dale Hall

Attachment

**ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS**

The author gratefully acknowledges contributions from personnel of the
USDOI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Agricultural Research Service, and
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in developing this document. In
particular, the author wishes to thank Cindy Schulz, David Haukos,
Kathryn Kennedy, Sybil Vosler, April Fletcher, Steve Robertson, Bill
Seawell, Joel Lusk, Mike Morrow, Tom Stehn, and Robert Lee of the USDOI
Fish and Wildlife Service; Jackie Poole of the Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department; and Harold Thistle of the USDA Forest Service for their
advice and help.

Cover photo - Attwater's greater prairie-chicken, courtesy of George
Levandoski

**CONTENTS**

Letter of transmittal i

Acknowledgements iii

Tables and appendices v

**1.0 INTRODUCTION** 1

**2.0 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS** 2

2.1 Regulatory Compliance 2

2.2 Procedures for Pesticide Incidents Involving Service Trust Resources
5

2.3 Contacts for Pesticide Incidents Involving Service Trust Resources
in Region 2 6

2.4 Procedures for Pesticide Applications Involving Habitat of Proposed
or Listed Species 7

2.5 Service Office Contacts 12

**3.0 RPR PROTECTION MEASURES** 14

3.1 Recommended Measures, Pesticide Ecotox Classes, and Species
Information 14

3.2 Buffer Zones 17

3.3 Pesticide Sensitive Areas for Listed Species 21

**4.0 RPR PROCEDURE** 23

4.1 Use of the RPR 23

4.2 Determination of Protection Measures 24

4.3 List of Recommended Protection Measures for Service Trust Resources
in Region 2 39

4.3.1 Service facilities 39

4.3.2 Migratory birds 44

4.3.3 Proposed or listed species 53

4.4 Supplemental Information 146

**5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY** 201

**TABLES**

Table 1. Specific protection measures recommended for Service
facilities,

migratory birds, and proposed or listed species 26

Table 2. Pesticide ecotoxicity ratings 146

Table 3. Biological information for proposed or listed species in Region
2 176

**APPENDICES**

Appendix A. Pesticide ecotoxicity classes for animal species 199

Appendix B. Calculated buffer zones relative to pesticide ecotoxicity
classes 200

**1.0 INTRODUCTION**

This document contains information on protecting U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) trust resources in Region 2 from pesticide
applications. Region 2 (Southwest Region) of the Service includes
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. The document serves as the
regional pesticide recommendations (RPR) for Region 2 and will be
updated when new species are listed or new information becomes
available. The Service regional pesticide coordinator in Austin, Texas,
should be contacted at 512-490-0057 for information on pesticides or
protection measures not covered in the RPR.

The purpose of the RPR is to provide recommendations to Service
personnel, regulatory agencies, and pesticide users for pesticide
applications involving Service trust resources of (1) national wildlife
refuges and fish hatcheries, (2) migratory birds, and (3) threatened and
endangered (T&E) species that have been listed under the Endangered
Species Act of 1973. The document specifically provides pesticide
protection measures that can be used to protect Federally-listed
species, species proposed for listing, and critical habitat.[^1]
Recommended protection measures in the RPR may be modified on a
case-by-case basis with additional information. However, the RPR cannot
be used in lieu of section 7 consultations or section 10 permits as
required under the Endangered Species Act. Recommendations in the RPR do
not constitute rules, regulations, requirements, or project evaluation
criteria of the Service. The recommendations also do not create or
establish any legal obligations, binding effects, minimum standards, or
criteria to be adopted by the private sector or by government agencies
at the Federal, state, or local level.

**Note - Any product, active ingredient, or formulation of a pesticide
addressed in this document does not infer recommendation or endorsement
by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for its use.**

**2.0 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS**

**2.1 Regulatory Compliance**

**2.1.1 Federal statutory authorities**

Unlawful uses of pesticides that potentially involve Service trust
resources can have substantial penalties according to various Federal
regulatory statutes. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA), as
amended (16 U.S.C 153 *et seq*.), protects plant and animal species that
have been listed by the Federal government under the act as either
threatened or endangered. Civil penalties can be assessed under the ESA
for up to \$25,000 for knowing violations of the act and up to \$500 for
unknowing violations. Criminal penalties for individuals under the act
include up to \$100,000 in fines and one year imprisonment. The
Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 prohibits the killing of migratory
birds and assesses penalties for up to \$15,000 and six months
imprisonment for misdemeanor violations.[^2] Felony violations by
individuals under the act can involve up to \$250,000 in fines and two
years' imprisonment. The Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940 assesses
penalties for killing, poisoning, or disturbing both bald eagles and
golden eagles with up to \$5,000 in fines for civil penalties and up to
\$250,000 in fines and two years' imprisonment for a felony violation.
The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 prohibits
disturbing, injuring, or damaging plants and animals within a refuge.
Criminal penalties under the act include up to \$100,000 in fines and
one year imprisonment. In addition to the aforementioned acts, penalties
for unlawful pesticide use may also be assessed under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947 (FIFRA), as amended
(7 U.S.C. 135 *et seq*.), and other regulatory statutes.[^3]

**2.1.2 The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA)**

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates pesticides
that are sold, distributed, or used in the United States by requiring
either (1) full registration of a pesticide under FIFRA section 3; (2)
exemption status for a pesticide under FIFRA section 18 for use in
individual counties or states during emergency conditions; or (3) a
special local need registration for a pesticide by an individual state
under FIFRA section 24(c). Before registration can occur, EPA must make
a determination that a pesticide will generally not cause unreasonable
adverse effects on humans or the environment. In addition, a pesticide
must be registered in a state by an appropriate state agency before it
can be sold or used. A pesticide may be suspended after registration
under FIFRA section 6(c)(1) if EPA determines that the pesticide is an
imminent hazard that can jeopardize a listed species.

A pesticide may only be used as specified by the pesticide label, and
application of a pesticide other than as directed by the label is a
FIFRA violation. The label is a legal document that regulates specific
uses and applications of a pesticide. For example, only a limited number
of pesticides are registered for use in waterbodies or wetlands.
Pesticide use in these areas is restricted to aquatic pesticide
formulations (piscicides, mosquito control agents, aquatic herbicides,
etc.) that have a product label that specifically states that the
pesticide is intended for aquatic use. Some pesticides such as 2, 4-D,
glyphosate, and imazapyr have different formulations to allow use with
both land and aquatic areas.

**2.1.3 Pesticide use and the Endangered Species Act**

Under the ESA, "take" of animal species listed as threatened or
endangered is prohibited. Take of Federally-listed animal species
includes harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding,
killing, trapping, capturing, collecting, or attempting to engage in any
such conduct. Take can only be exempted under limited circumstances
through (1) incidental take provisions as authorized by a biological
opinion in an ESA section 7 consultation or (2) an incidental take
permit obtained under section 10 of the ESA. Incidental take refers to
take that is incidental to, and not the purpose of, carrying out of an
otherwise lawful activity (e.g., loss of individuals of a listed animal
species through pesticide spray drift from nearby cropland).

Pesticide use can cause take of listed animals through killing, harming,
or harassment. As defined under 50 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) §
17.3, harm to listed animal species can include significant habitat
modification or degradation that results in death or injury to listed
species by impairing essential behavioral patterns such as breeding,
feeding, or sheltering. Examples of harm to listed animal species that
can be caused by pesticide applications include loss of prey species,
abnormal behavioral changes, and induced sublethal effects (e.g.,
endocrine system disruption). Harassment of listed animal species under
50 CFR § 17.3 can be an intentional or negligent action (or omission of
an action) that creates a likelihood of injury to a listed species by
annoying individuals of the species to such an extent as to
significantly disrupt normal behavior patterns that include (but are not
limited to) breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Noise disturbance from
pesticide application equipment can result in harassment through (1)
nest abandonment by birds or (2) disruption of nesting colonies of
shorebirds or wading birds.

Although take does not apply to listed plant species, the ESA does
prohibit the following actions in areas under Federal jurisdiction: (1)
removal, damage, or destruction of endangered plant species and (2)
removal of threatened plant species. In addition, actions that remove,
damage, or cause destruction of endangered plant species in non-Federal
areas that are in violation of state or local laws are prohibited.
Experimental populations of listed species are protected by the ESA (as
modified by special rules in 50 CFR § 17.80-17.85) against unlawful use
of pesticides if these populations are (1) essential experimental
populations on either public or private lands or (2) nonessential
experimental populations on national parks or wildlife refuges.
Candidate species and species proposed for listing do not have ESA
protections until the time of listing; however, Federal agencies are
required to confer with the Service about potential actions that may
jeopardize the continued existence of proposed species. Federal agencies
are also required to consult with Service on actions that can adversely
modify critical habitat of listed species.

**2.1.4 ESA section 7 consultation for a pesticide action by a Federal
agency**

Section 7(a)(2) of the ESA requires Federal agencies to ensure that any
action (e.g., pesticide use) they authorize, fund, or carry out is not
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any Federally-listed
threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of designated critical habitat.[^4] Actions conducted by
Federal agencies that involve pesticide use include, but are not limited
to, the following examples:

1.  Area-wide programs for control of insect pest species (cotton
    bollweevil, grasshopper, etc.),

> invasive species, rodents, or predators; and

2.  FIFRA authorizations such as pesticide registrations (section 3),
    emergency exemptions

> (section 18), and state-specific registrations (section 24(c)).

In the event that a Federal agency concludes that its action "may
affect" a listed species or designated critical habitat, the agency is
required to consult with the Service regarding the degree of impact to
the species from the agency's action and the measures necessary to avoid
or minimize adverse effects. Federal agencies involved with pesticide
programs that can modify critical habitat through activities such as
brush control or removal of prey species must consult with the Service.

During ESA section 7 consultations, informal consultation between the
Federal agency initiating the action and the Service may be used to
determine whether (1) any adverse effects to listed species or critical
habitat by the proposed action can be avoided or summarily minimized or
(2) formal consultation is needed with the Service. To initiate formal
consultation on pesticides, the Federal action agency is required to
send information to the Service:

1.  A description of the action to be considered;

2.  A description of the specific area that may be affected by the
    action;

3.  A description of any listed species or critical habitat that may be
    affected by the action;

4.  A description of the manner in which the action may affect any
    listed species or critical habitat and an analysis of any cumulative
    effects;

5.  Relevant reports including any environmental impact statement,
    environmental assessment, or biological assessment prepared; and

6.  Any other relevant available information on the action, the affected
    listed species, or critical habitat.

If listed species or critical habitat are present in the action area, a
biological assessment must be prepared by the Federal agency initiating
the action pursuant to regulations implementing section 7 (e.g., 50 CFR
§ 402). Biological assessments made by Federal agencies may be done as
part of the compliance for the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969. After a Federal action agency has provided any necessary documents
such as a biological assessment, the Service will issue a biological
opinion for the agency action. If the proposed action does not involve
jeopardy for a listed species or adverse modification of critical
habitat, the biological opinion will provide the Federal agency with an
incidental take statement and non-discretionary reasonable and prudent
measures (RPMs) to protect the species. In the event that jeopardy to a
listed species (animal or plant) or adverse modification of critical
habitat has been found by the Service for the action, the biological
opinion will stipulate non-discretionary reasonable and prudent
alternatives (RPAs) that must be followed by the Federal agency to
protect the species or critical habitat.

**2.1.5** **ESA section 10 permit actions involving pesticide use on
private, state, or local**

**government lands**

Section 10 of the ESA authorizes the Service to issue permits allowing
normally prohibited actions against Federally-listed species such as
collection of species for scientific purposes. The section also gives
the Service the authority to provide incidental take permits of listed
animal species by non-Federal activities. Unless incidental take of
listed animal species has previously been authorized by consultation
under section 7 of the ESA, pesticide users who believe that their
otherwise-lawful pesticide application(s) may cause take of a listed
animal species should obtain an incidental take permit under section 10
(a)(1)(B). The permits may be issued by the Service to private
individuals, associations, businesses, and to state, municipal, or
tribal governments. Since the ESA does not prohibit killing or damaging
listed plant species on non-Federal lands except in the event that
killing or damaging of those plants is in violation of state or local
law, incidental take permits are not issued by the Service for listed
plant species. However, the Service cannot issue a permit for incidental
take of listed animal species if a proposed action will jeopardize
listed plant species in the project area.

A Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) must accompany any application for an
incidental take permit. The purpose of the HCP is to provide measures
that will minimize and mitigate impacts to listed species. The
application for a HCP should include the following information:

1.  An assessment of impacts likely to result from the proposed taking
    of one or more listed species.

2.  Measures that the permit applicant will undertake to monitor,
    minimize, and mitigate for such impacts; the funding that will be
    made available to implement such measures; and the procedures to
    deal with unforeseen or extraordinary circumstances.

3.  Alternative actions to the taking that the applicant analyzed, and
    the reasons as to why the applicant did not adopt such alternatives.

4.  Additional measures that the Service may require as necessary or
    appropriate.

**2.2 Procedures for Pesticide Incidents Involving Service Trust
Resources**

For incidents where a pesticide application may have caused mortality or
damage to a Service trust resource, qualified Service personnel (e.g.,
law enforcement agents, environmental contaminant specialists) should be
contacted prior to initial entry into an area involving a pesticide
incident. Only Service law enforcement agents are authorized to enter
private property without landowner permission to investigate a mortality
incident related to use of a pesticide. All other Service personnel must
obtain permission of landowners to enter private property.

According to Service regulations (Fish and Wildlife Service Manual, 242
FW 6, Hazardous Materials Operations), Service personnel are prohibited
from entering sites that (1) involve contamination of personnel by
hazardous materials or (2) require personal protection equipment
(chemical-resistant clothing, respirators, breathing apparatuses, etc.).
Service personnel may only enter sites where there are no known
atmospheric hazard and no possible involvement with hazardous chemicals
through physical contact, splashes, immersion, or unexpected inhalation.
After a site has been determined to be adequately safe for conducting a
response by qualified Service personnel, a determination should be made
as to whether dead or injured animals are the result of a pesticide
incident or an infectious disease. Since some pesticides and wildlife
diseases can affect humans, each carcass or injured animal must be
approached or processed as a potential health hazard. Appropriate
equipment (binoculars, chemical-resistant gloves, coveralls, rubber
boots, handling tongs, etc.) must be used for investigation of animal
die-offs or collection of dead specimens. Procedures for conducting a
field response to a mortality incident can be found in the **Field
Manual of Wildlife Diseases: General Field Procedures and Diseases of
Birds** which can be accessed at the internet website of the U. S.
Geological Survey: http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/pub_metadata/field_manual
/field\_ manual.html.

3.  **Contacts for Pesticide Incidents Involving Service Trust Resources
    in Region 2**

Since a single observed mortality or damaging effect involving a Service
trust resource (migratory bird, listed species, or facility) may be a
potential violation of a statutory authority, any pesticide-related
mortality or incident involving a Service trust resource should be
reported. Notifications for pesticide incidents in Region 2 should
involve the following personnel or agencies:

1.  Any incident where pesticides have killed or injured migratory
    birds, listed species, or proposed species in Region 2 should be
    reported to Service law enforcement:

> \(a\) Arizona Field Stations Mesa 602-379-6443
>
> Flagstaff 520-556-7451
>
> \(b\) New Mexico Field Station Albuquerque 505-883-7814, 7890, 6715
>
> \(c\) Oklahoma Field Station Oklahoma City 405-231-5251
>
> \(d\) Texas Field Stations Austin 512-490-0057
>
> Dallas/Fort Worth 972-574-3254
>
> El Paso 915-534-6660, 6661
>
> San Antonio 210-681-8419

2.  Any incident where pesticides may have killed or injured migratory
    birds, listed species, or proposed species should be reported to the
    Service regional pesticide coordinator at 512-490-0057. Additional
    contacts for pesticide incidents include state departments of
    agriculture or wildlife.

3.  Any incident where a pesticide may have killed or injured wildlife
    or plants on a Service refuge or fish hatchery should be reported to
    the refuge manager or hatchery manager.

4.  Any incident where determination of pesticide-related kills or
    infectious diseases is necessary for migratory birds, listed
    species, or proposed species should be coordinated with the USGS
    National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin, at
    608-270-2460.

5.  Incidents where pesticides may have killed or injured nontarget
    wildlife (migratory birds, fish, listed species, etc.) should be
    reported to the Ecological Incident Information System of the U. S.
    Environmental Protection Agency, either by fax at 703-305-6309, or
    by letter:

> Document Processing Desk
>
> Office of Pesticide Programs -- 7504C
>
> U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
>
> 401 M Street, SW
>
> Washington, DC 20460

**2.4 Procedures for Pesticide Applications Involving Habitat of
Proposed or Listed**

> **Species**

**2.4.1 Control of pests or invasive species**

In some cases, pesticide control of pests or invasive species may be
necessary inside or adjacent to (1) habitat of a proposed or listed
species or (2) other areas involving a Service trust resource. An
invasive species is defined as an alien species (plant or animal) whose
introduction either causes or is likely to cause economic or
environmental harm or harm to human health.[^5] Pesticide applications
such as mosquito pest control may be required inside or adjacent to
habitat of migratory birds or proposed or listed species because of
human health concerns. Invasive plant or animal species can be a greater
threat to migratory birds, proposed or listed species, and/or their
habitat than impacts from pesticide use. To accomplish recovery of
certain listed species, pesticides may be required for temporary
elimination of populations of both invasive species and resident listed
species (e.g., use of piscicides in aquatic habitat of listed fish
species to remove competing or hybridizing species). Many invasive plant
species can only be controlled by pesticides due to aggressive
reproductive strategies, root sprouting, spreading root systems, etc. As
an example, saltcedar (*Tamarix* spp.) has rapidly expanded into
riparian areas of the western United States and can be a major
competitor in habitat of certain listed species such as Pecos sunflower
(*Helianthus paradoxus*). Due to high seed production and root
sprouting, broad scale aerial applications of herbicides are usually
required to control saltcedar over extensive areas such as watershed
basins.

The nearest Service field office, as given in section **2.5 Service
Office Contacts** below, should be contacted prior to applying pesticide
inside or adjacent to habitat of proposed or listed species. The
Invasive Species Coordinator in the Resource Management Division of the
Service Regional Office may be contacted at 505-248-6632 for assistance
in control of invasive plants. For information on control of invasive or
undesirable aquatic species other than plants, the Regional Service
Non-indigenous Species Coordinator may be contacted at 505-248-6471.
General information on invasive species and listed species can be found
at the Service internet website: http://www.fws.gov.

**2.4.2 Species surveys**

Before pesticides can be applied inside or adjacent to habitat of a
proposed or listed species, a determination should be made as to whether
the habitat is occupied. Occupied habitat of proposed or listed species
is defined to be an area where the species is known to occur based on
(1) species presence confirmed by a Service-approved survey, (2) visual
sightings of the species or its habitat components (nests, roosts,
etc.), or (3) the best available scientific knowledge. Habitat is
considered to be occupied even if the species is absent from the habitat
at some point during the annual breeding cycle (e.g., migration). To
determine occupied habitat of a proposed or listed animal species, a
survey usually should be conducted for the species before pesticide
application. As part of a Federal action involving habitat of a listed
plant species, Federal agencies should require a survey to be conducted
for the listed plant species before application of herbicide. For all
other applicators or relevant agencies, a survey for listed plant
species is recommended prior to herbicide application within species
habitat on non-Federal land.

Pesticide applicators and relevant agencies should contact the nearest
Service field office for information on protocols for conducting listed
species surveys. Generally, a scientific permit must be obtained from
the Service before conducting a survey for a listed animal species.
Inholdings of nonhabitat areas (e.g., cropland) within habitat of
proposed or listed animal species may be excluded in a survey if the
species substantially avoids utilizing the nonhabitat areas. In some
cases, a species survey can be used to flag or otherwise mark individual
plants or animal habitat components (nests, roosts, etc.) prior to
actual pesticide application. The Service may be consulted to determine
when a survey is no longer applicable for a particular area and a new
survey is necessary. Applicators or relevant agencies should also
consult with the Service on surveys for pesticide applications in
right-of-way corridors that traverse habitat of listed species.

**2.4.3 Requirements for ESA authorizations or permits**

When results of a Service-approved survey or other information indicate
that a habitat is occupied by a listed species, applicators should
coordinate with the nearest Service field office to determine (1)
measures to protect the species and (2) any necessary incidental take
authorizations or permits as stipulated under section 7 or section 10 of
the ESA. In addition to incidental take permits of listed animal
species, scientific permits may also be issued by the Service under
ESA's section 10. These scientific permits allow for incidental take of
listed species as part of activities intended to promote species
recovery (e.g., use of a pesticide in listed species habitat to reduce
competition by an invasive species). Service field offices, as given in
section **2.5 Service Office Contacts** below, can be contacted for
information on scientific permits.

Before incidental take authorizations or permits can be given by the
Service, either a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) or an action document
by a Federal agency (e.g., a biological assessment) must ordinarily be
prepared for pesticide treatments involving habitat of proposed or
listed species. The HCP or Federal action document should be consistent
with any Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) plan that has been
previously developed for a project area. Any HCP or Federal action
document that involves control of pests or invasive species inside or
adjacent to habitat of proposed or listed species should minimize
short-term habitat damage from pesticide application while enabling
habitat recovery. The HCP or Federal action document should address pest
control necessary for recovery of species or the habitat, as well as
management of sources of re-infestation, such as seed vectors
(prevailing winds, flood corridors, etc.). When necessary, the HCP or
Federal action document should also address re-establishment of native
plant species.

**2.4.4 Work plans**

As part of a Habitat Conservation Plan or Federal action document
involving pesticide treatment that may adversely affect proposed or
listed species, the Service recommends that standard operating
procedures (SOPs) be written separately into a work plan and approved by
the Service prior to application of pesticide. For situations involving
small areas of treatment and relatively low impacts by selected
pesticides, the written work plan may be omitted; however, the nearest
Service field office should be consulted. At a minimum, the work plan
for pesticide treatment should include the following items:

1.  A description and map of the area to be treated,

2.  The schedule for applying pesticide in the field,

3.  A survey or detailed habitat analysis for proposed or listed
    species,

4.  Procedures for applying pesticide, and

5.  Any necessary protection measures such as monitoring.

Work plans should ordinarily require that (1) application of pesticide
be closely supervised and (2) applicators using any type of ground
equipment must be able to identify proposed or listed species in treated
areas when these species are present. In areas with varied distributions
of proposed or listed species, the work plan may allow only spot
applications by handheld equipment in zones that have relatively high
impact to proposed or listed species while restricting use of mechanized
ground equipment or aerial applications to zones that have relatively
low impact. When a single pesticide treatment can substantially impact
an entire population of a proposed or listed species or its habitat, the
Service recommends a staggered sequence of pesticide treatments over
different time periods. For treatments involving extensive land areas,
relatively new populations of invasive species should generally be
treated with pesticide prior to treatment of well-established
populations. Residual pesticide activity in soils or on vegetation
within the project area should be considered in setting up the
application schedule for the work plan. If feasible, applications of
pesticides should generally be restricted to periods when (1) proposed
or listed migratory species are absent from the habitat or (2) proposed
or listed plant species are dormant.

**2.4.5 Pesticide selection**

Pesticide active ingredients and any adjuvants (drift retardants,
surfactants, etc.), carrier materials, or other types of pesticide
additives used inside or adjacent to habitat of proposed or listed
species should be fully evaluated for relative risk to these species and
elements of their habitat such as plant cover, prey species,
pollinators, etc. In addition to acute toxicity, other factors
associated with pesticides such as chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation,
and secondary poisoning potential should also be evaluated. The
evaluation process for a particular pesticide should include the use of
the pesticide, mode of action, and environmental fate. Pesticide use is
determined by

1.  Type of control (insect, broadleaf weed, etc.),

2.  Treatment category (pre-emergent herbicides, post-emergent
    herbicides, etc.), and

3.  Formulation (liquid, granular, etc.).

The mode of action for a pesticide includes

1.  Route or pathway of exposure into an organism (root absorption,
    inhalation, etc.),

2.  Ability to translocate within an organism (e.g., systemic vs.
    nonsystemic), and

3.  Behavior as an antimetabolite (respiratory depression,
    photosynthesis inhibition, reproductive impairment, endocrine system
    disruption, etc.).

Environmental fate of pesticides involves persistence, leaching ability,
volatilization, transformations (e.g., lethal degradates),
bioaccumulation, and other attributes of pesticides after release into
the environment. Comparisons should be made between alternative
pesticides and their individual characteristics for applications inside
species habitat, critical habitat, or Pesticide Sensitive Areas.
Information on pesticides may be found at internet sources such as the
EXTOXNET website (http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet). Site-specific
information for the evaluation process may be obtained from aerial maps,
soil surveys, and other sources.

In general, pesticides with the least acute toxicity and persistence
should be selected for use inside or adjacent to habitat of proposed or
listed species. Selection of pesticide active ingredients that have the
least toxicity will tend to decrease buffer zone sizes as recommended in
the RPR. The volatility of a particular pesticide should be considered
in the pesticide selection process if drift from the volatilized
pesticide can impact species habitat after treatment has occurred. The
ability of a pesticide to leach or absorb onto soil or sediment
particles should be taken into account for applications that could
affect proposed or listed species that are aquatic (plant or animal) or
are restricted to aquifers or caves (animal only). A pesticide's
potential for inducing chronic toxicity in proposed or listed animal
species should be considered if (1) the proposed treatment involves
repeated applications, (2) the pesticide in question is persistent in
the environment with a relatively long half-life, or (3) a chronic
condition may be induced in proposed or listed species by a single
application of pesticide. Pesticide formulations that are attractive to
proposed or listed species should be avoided (e.g., granular
formulations applied in areas with grit-eating or seed-eating bird
species). Pesticides with secondary poisoning potential should also be
avoided if proposed or listed species may be affected.[^6] If possible,
only nontoxic carrier materials or adjuvants (drift retardants,
surfactants, etc.) should be used for any application. Since the
toxicity of carrier materials or adjuvants in a pesticide formulation
may exceed the toxicity of the active ingredient(s) for a given species,
a determination of toxicity should be made for these additives through
informational sources such as container labels or MSDSs (material safety
data sheets) or by contacting the manufacturer.

Unless proposed or listed animal species are to be purposely removed by
a pesticide treatment, the Service recommends that applied pesticide
should be practically non-toxic for the toxicity group of proposed or
listed animal species when these species can be directly or indirectly
exposed to the pesticide via ingestion, skin absorption, secondary
poisoning, etc. The Service also recommends that pesticides with slight
to very high toxicity be applied in areas with proposed or listed
species only if (1) direct or indirect exposure pathways for the species
do not exist (e.g., rodenticides used in areas with listed insectivore
birds) or (2) the pesticide is applied in formulations with extremely
low concentrations that normally cannot impact the species (e.g., fire
ant baits). Pesticides rated as slightly toxic to very highly toxic may
be used when proposed or listed animal species are absent; however,
these pesticides should not remain active within the soil or on surfaces
of vegetation in species habitat by the time when (1) migratory proposed
or listed species have returned to the habitat or (2) proposed or listed
species break hibernation or aestivation (summer dormancy).

For habitat with proposed or listed plant species, the Service
recommends that only post-emergent herbicides be used providing that the
pesticide is nontoxic to the dicot or monocot classification of resident
proposed or listed plant species (e.g., a post-emergent, broadleaf
herbicide used in habitat of a listed monocot species). However,
applicators or relevant agencies should determine whether such
applications may indirectly impact proposed or listed plants through
factors such as increased competition by non-affected plants, change in
soil properties, etc. Pre-emergent herbicides or pesticides that remain
active within the soil after application should generally not be applied
in habitat of proposed or listed plant species by any application
method. A possible exception is use of a pesticide whose residual soil
activity is gone by the time when dormancy of a proposed or listed plant
species has been broken.

**2.4.6 Application equipment**

Applicators should avoid physical injury to proposed or listed species
or their habitat components (nests, roosts, etc.) in using pesticide
application equipment. If possible, application equipment should be
selected on the basis of reducing hazards to Service trust resources
from

1.  Spray drift (e.g., using mechanized ground equipment rather than
    aircraft),

2.  Surface runoff (e.g., using application equipment that can inject
    pesticide below ground), and

3.  Pesticide formulation (e.g., using application equipment with closed
    system technology to prevent spills of granules, pellets, or treated
    seed).

Spray nozzles designed for low nozzle pressures and coarse droplet sizes
should generally be used in applications near sensitive areas. To reduce
spray drift in aerial applications, the width of the spray boom should
not exceed 75 percent of the wingspan for fixed-wing aircraft or 90
percent of the rotary blade for helicopters.[^7] As an alternative to
boom sprayers or other similar ground equipment, a spray gun operated
under pressure from a pesticide spray tank may be used if the pesticide
is applied in liquid streams. In areas where invasive species are in
close proximity to proposed or listed species, application of pesticide
should be made by handheld equipment rather than by mechanized
application equipment (ground or aerial). A backpack sprayer, wicking
tool, paintbrush or other types of hand-operated equipment can be used
for pesticide applications such as (1) spot applications involving
single plants or plant clusters, (2) basal applications on woody
species, or (3) "cut-and-daub" treatments on tree stumps or peeled-back
tree bark.

**2.4.7 Pesticide application procedures**

Pesticides should not be applied during temperature inversions or when
rainfall is likely to occur within 48 hours after treatment. To avoid
temperature inversions, wind speeds should be at least 3 miles per hour;
however, wind speeds should not exceed 10 miles per hour during
pesticide application. Wind direction and speed should be monitored
during any pesticide application. Meteorological equipment such as wind
socks, anemometers, or smoke devices may be used to assess wind
conditions or detect temperature inversions. If a pesticide is applied
during a wind greater than 10 miles per hour, pesticide users should
increase buffer zones for both ground and aerial applications to prevent
spray drift or residue in surface runoff from entering areas that
require protection.

Best management practices for pesticide applications should be followed
to protect species and habitat. Aerial flight paths made during
pesticide application should be parallel to sensitive areas and buffer
zones rather than flying directly over them. Pesticides should not be
mixed, stored, or handled near sensitive areas. Excess pesticide and
empty pesticide containers should not be allowed to remain near species
habitat or waterbodies and should be discarded at authorized landfills
or other appropriate sites. Application equipment should be
well-maintained and checked periodically for leaks, worn parts, and
calibration. Nontoxic drift retardants should be used in pesticide
applications of a liquid formulation to limit pesticide spray drift into
sensitive areas. Prior to application, pesticide-sensitive dye cards or
other types of monitoring devices should be used to calibrate
application equipment. Dye cards or other types of monitoring devices
may also be placed at the outlying edge of areas requiring protection to
determine the effectiveness of spray drift reduction during pesticide
application.

**2.4.8 Monitoring**

Federal agencies should either conduct monitoring or otherwise require
monitoring in any action that the Federal agency authorizes, funds, or
carries out under section 7 of the ESA with respect to pesticide
applications either inside or adjacent to habitat of proposed or listed
species or critical habitat. For all other applicators or relevant
agencies, monitoring is recommended during pesticide application inside
or adjacent to species habitat or critical habitat. In addition to
weather monitoring during pesticide application, monitoring may be
necessary for pesticide applications involving Pesticide Sensitive Areas
or species habitat near managed areas (golf courses, municipal parks,
etc.). Measures for monitoring should be described in the work plan.
State agricultural departments, county extension services, and other
appropriate agencies (e.g., land grant universities) may be consulted on
procedures and techniques to implement pesticide monitoring.

Pre-application monitoring and/or post-application monitoring may be
necessary for pesticide applications that can affect proposed or listed
species or critical habitat. Pre-application monitoring may be used to
determine prerequisites for pesticide application. The population
dynamics and life stages of pest or invasive species may have to be
monitored by sampling (frequency measurements, trapping, etc.) prior to
pesticide application. This information can be used for determination of
threshold levels of pest or invasive species that will require control
by pesticides.

In post-application monitoring, applicators or relevant agencies may
need to monitor areas with proposed or listed species or critical
habitat for (1) ambient pesticide concentrations after application or
(2) possible long-term trends in adverse effects for species or habitat.
The monitoring portion of the work plan should address sampling
locations, sample matrices (soil, sediment, tissue, etc.), numbers of
samples, and the schedule for sampling. Monitoring equipment should be
placed in areas where pesticides can be transported into species habitat
by spray drift or surface runoff.

Water quality in habitat of aquatic listed species should be monitored
continuously when this habitat is in close proximity to managed areas
that require repeated applications of pesticide (golf courses, municipal
parks, etc.). To determine pesticide concentrations, samples should be
collected during normal flow periods and during storm events large
enough to produce surface runoff. If only a single storm runoff sample
can be taken, sampling should occur near the beginning of the runoff
event to capture the first pulse of runoff-borne pesticides.

**2.5 Service Office Contacts**

For pesticide applications involving Service trust resources inside
individual states of Region 2, applicators or agencies can contact
Service field offices:

1.  Arizona USFWS Arizona Field Office

> 2321 West Royal Palm Road, Suite 103
>
> Phoenix, AZ 85021-4951
>
> Phone: 602-242-0210
>
> Fax: 602-242-2513

2.  New Mexico USFWS New Mexico Field Office

> 2105 Osuna Road, NE
>
> Albuquerque, NM 87113
>
> Phone: 505-346-2525
>
> Fax: 505-346-2542

3.  Oklahoma USFWS Oklahoma Field Office

> 222 South Houston, Suite A
>
> Tulsa, OK 74127
>
> Phone: 918-581-7458
>
> Fax: 918-581-7467

4.  Texas USFWS Arlington Field Office

> 711 Stadium Drive, Suite 252
>
> Arlington, TX 76011
>
> Phone: 817-277-1100
>
> Fax: 817-277-7835
>
> USFWS Austin Field Office
>
> 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200
>
> Austin, TX 78758
>
> Phone: 512-490-0057
>
> Fax: 512-490-0974
>
> USFWS Clear Lake (Houston) Field Office
>
> 17629 El Camino Real, Suite 211
>
> Houston, TX 77058
>
> Phone: 281-286-8282
>
> Fax: 281-488-5882
>
> USFWS Corpus Christi Field Office
>
> c/o TAMU-CC, Campus Box 338
>
> 6300 Ocean Drive
>
> Corpus Christi, TX 78412
>
> Phone: 361-994-9005
>
> Fax: 361-994-8262

For pest control programs involving Service trust resources in more than
one state of Region 2, applicators or agencies should contact the
Service Regional Office:

> Southwest Regional Office Division of Ecological Services
>
> P. O. Box 1306
>
> Albuquerque, NM 87103-1306
>
> Phone: 505-248-6454
>
> Fax: 505-248-6922

**3.0 RPR PROTECTION MEASURES**

1.  **Recommended Measures, Pesticide Ecotoxicity Classes, and Species**

**Information**

Table 1 of this document specifies recommended protection measures for
Service trust resources of facilities, migratory birds, and proposed or
listed species. The table also specifies recommended protection measures
for (1) critical habitat when proposed or designated, and (2)
pollinators of a proposed or listed plant species. Protection measures
for certain species are not specified in Table 1 if the species is
unaffected by pesticides due to

1.  Relatively large body weight (e.g., Sonoran pronghorn),

2.  Location (e.g., brown pelicans nesting on coastal bay islands), or

3.  Seasonality (e.g., piping plovers wintering in Texas).

Protection measures are based in this document on a screening-level
hazard assessment for pesticide ecotoxicity as determined in Table 2. In
the table, pesticides are rated by a classification system that
categorizes the level or type of protection to be given for a particular
pesticide with respect to ecotoxicity. Four ecotox classes for animals
and three ecotox classes for plants are used in the classification
system to rank active ingredients or formulations of pesticides. For
animal species, the four ecotox classes cover ranges of pesticide
toxicity:

Class 0 This class includes pesticides that are practically nontoxic to
a specific group of animal

species that have similar toxicological responses (e.g., fungicidal
toxicity for large

mammal species). Class 0 pesticides ordinarily do not require protection
measures for

animal species.

Class 1 This class includes pesticides that are slightly to moderately
toxic to a specific group of animal species that have similar
toxicological responses (e.g., malathion toxicity for small mammal
species). Buffer zones and other protection measures for Class 1
pesticides are minimal for animal species.

Class 2 This class includes pesticides that are highly toxic to a
specific group of animal species that have similar toxicological
responses (e.g., diazinon toxicity for warm water fish species). Buffer
zones and other protection measures for Class 2 pesticides are
relatively substantial for animal species.

Class 3 This class includes pesticides that are very highly toxic to a
specific group of animal species that have similar toxicological
responses (e.g., carbofuran toxicity for small avian species). Buffer
zones and other protection measures for Class 3 pesticides can be highly
stringent for animal species depending on the sensitivity of a species
or its habitat.

Toxicity endpoints for the four pesticide ecotoxicity classes for
animals are defined at the back of this document (see Appendix A).
Although plant species do not have ranges of pesticide toxicity similar
to animal species, pesticides can be rated by ecotox class according to
their herbicidal toxicity. Pesticide ecotox classes for plants in Table
2 are:

Class D This class includes pesticides that have specific toxicity for
dicot plants such as legumes,

mustards, etc.[^8] Buffer zones and other protection measures for Class
D herbicides

depend on the dicot classification of individual proposed or listed
plant species and the

canopy structure of their habitat.

Class M This class includes pesticides that have specific toxicity for
monocot plants such as grasses, sedges, orchids, etc. Buffer zones and
other protection measures for Class M herbicides depend on the monocot
classification of individual proposed or listed plant species and the
canopy structure of their habitat.

Class NS This class includes pesticides that have nonspecific toxicity
for any plant species. Buffer

zones and other protection measures for Class NS herbicides do not
depend on the dicot or monocot classification of individual proposed or
listed plant species but can depend on the canopy structure of their
habitat.

The seven ecotox class ratings for animals and plants are used in Table
2 to rate each pesticide active ingredient or formulation by ecotox
class according to its overall toxic effect on individual groups of
species (e.g., the Large Avian toxicity group is used to reflect general
responses of species such as the brown pelican and whooping crane).
These species toxicity groups reflect general responses of species with
respect to individual pesticide active ingredients or formulations.
Species toxicity groups listed in Table 2 are:

> 1\. Large Mammal (L-MA) 10. Aquatic Amphibian (A-AM)
>
> 2\. Predatory Mammal (P-MA) 11. Terrestrial Amphibian (T-AM)
>
> 3\. Small Mammal (S-MA) 12. Cold Water Fish (CW-F)
>
> 4\. Gallinaceous Avian (G-AV) 13. Warm Water Fish (WW-F)
>
> 5\. Large Avian (L-AV) 14. Aquatic Arthropod (A-AR)
>
> 6\. Predatory Avian (P-AV) 15. Bee (BEE)
>
> 7\. Small Avian (S-AV) 16. Terrestrial Arthropod (T-AR) [^9]
>
> 8\. Waterfowl Avian (W-AV) 17. Fresh Water Mollusk (FW-M)
>
> 9\. Reptile (REP) 18. Plant (PLANT)

When pesticide toxicity data are lacking for a particular species
toxicity group, the rating is modeled after the closest taxonomic group:

1.  Large Mammal and Predatory Mammal from Small Mammal;

2.  Large Avian from Waterfowl Avian;

3.  Predatory Avian, Small Avian, and Reptile from Gallinaceous Avian;
    and

4.  Fresh Water Mollusk from Aquatic Arthropod.

The toxicity groups of Aquatic Amphibian and Terrestrial Amphibian
(e.g., toads) are modeled from the highest rating of either Cold Water
Fish or Warm Water Fish when amphibian toxicity data are unavailable.
Pesticides are rated as Class 3 in the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity
group if a particular active ingredient is used as an insecticide;
otherwise, the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group is modeled from the
higher rating of either the Aquatic Arthropod or Bee toxicity groups.
Blank cells in the table indicate insufficient information to (1) make a
determination of a pesticide's ecotoxicity rating or (2) justify
modeling from an appropriate species toxicity group.

Pesticide active ingredients listed in Table 2 may have more than one
line entry for individual formulations if these formulations have
different ecotox class ratings for individual species toxicity groups
(e.g., aquatic formulations of glyphosate vs. nonaquatic formulations).
Ecotox class ratings in Table 2 for individual pesticides may have
letter subscripts to describe various types of pesticide application or
toxicity. For example, burrow fumigants are indicated by the subscript
"b" whereas pesticides that have a potential for secondary poisoning are
indicated by the subscript "sp" (e.g., a rodenticide bait rated as Class
2~sp~ that can kill a predatory animal after the predator has consumed
bait-poisoned rodents). Pesticides rated for eye or skin irritancy are
respectively designated in the table by "e" and "s" subscripts. An
herbicide rated as Class NS~f~ indicates that individual formulations of
the herbicide may have either dicot-specific or monocot-specific
toxicity as determined by the application rate (e.g., triazine
herbicides).

In general, the ecotox ratings in the table reflect the highest level of
necessary protection according to potential pesticide hazards (acute
oral toxicity, subacute dietary toxicity, eye irritancy, etc.).[^10] The
final ecotox class rating for an active ingredient or formulation may
reflect pesticide hazards for species such as eye or skin irritancy
rather than acute lethal toxicity (e.g., an herbicide that is
practically non-toxic for terrestrial animal species on the basis of
oral toxicity but is rated as Class 2~e~ for corrosive eye irritancy).
Toxicity groups of mammals, birds, reptiles, and terrestrial amphibians
can be rated for eye irritancy from pesticide active ingredients, but
only mammalian toxicity groups (L-MA, P-MA, and S-MA) are rated for skin
irritancy. Pesticide ratings in the table may also be adjusted for
factors such as sublethal effects (e.g., a pyrethroid pesticide rated
for endocrine system disruption rather than for actual toxicity in field
applications) or lethal byproducts (e.g., moderately toxic acephate
transformed into highly toxic methamdiphos).

Table 3 lists habitat and/or range, seasonality, and pesticide uses
involving proposed or listed species of Region 2. When feasible, the
specific range for certain proposed or listed species in Table 3 is
given according to individual counties; otherwise, occurrence of species
in Region 2 is identified by habitat. The various types of habitat
and/or range can be used to set up areas requiring buffer zones or other
protection measures. In some cases, habitat may be described according
to landscape features that require protection from pesticide application
(e.g., entrances to caves, sinkholes, or crevices for cave-dwelling
arthropods). The seasonality of species may be used in developing
protection measures for biological opinions or biological assessments.
Pesticide uses are used to determine which types of pesticides may
affect individual species, species habitat, or food sources. Nine
pesticide uses are defined in Table 3:

> 1\. Cropland (C) 6. Rangeland/Pasture (R/P)
>
> 2\. Forest (F) 7. Right-of-Way (ROW)
>
> 3\. Mosquito Control (M) 8. Specialty (rodenticides, piscicides, etc.)
> (S)[^11]
>
> 4\. Pasture (P) 9. Urban (U)
>
> 5\. Rangeland (R)

**3.2 Buffer Zones**

Pesticide buffer zones are recommended in the RPR principally for
protection of species and habitat from (1) downwind spray drift during
pesticide application and (2) pesticide residues in surface runoff. **A
buffer zone is considered to be the distance between the boundary of the
area requiring protection and the closest point of the last spot
application or application swath.**[^12] Border areas (roadways, fence
lines, canal dikes, etc.) may be used as part of a buffer zone for any
type of application if the border area itself does not involve species
habitat or a sensitive area. In addition to providing protection against
spray drift or residues in surface runoff, buffer zones can also reflect
minimal distances necessary to address various attributes of species
with respect to

1.  Mobility (e.g., foraging areas of Attwater's greater
    prairie-chicken),

2.  Sensitivity to disturbance (e.g., nesting birds-of-prey),

3.  Exposure to secondary poisoning (e.g., carrion-eating mammals), and

4.  Dietary habits (e.g., seed-eating or grit-eating birds).

The size of the buffer zone is relative to the type of application
(i.e., spot, mechanized ground, or aerial) and depositional pattern of
the formulation (liquid, granular, etc.) used during pesticide
treatment. For purposes of defining pesticide formulations with respect
to depositional patterns, solid-type formulations are defined in this
document as including baits, granules, pellets, and treated seed
formulations but do not include dust formulations. Liquid formulations
of pesticides are defined as including all formulations of emulsifiable
concentrates, flowables, invert emulsions, micro-encapsulated sprays,
soluble powders, water-soluble packets, wettable powders, or any other
type of liquid-based formulation except for ULV formulations. ULV (ultra
low volume) formulations are liquid concentrates that are applied at a
rate of 1/2 gallon or less per acre. Applications of ULV formulations
are highly prone to spray drift due to very small droplet sizes (i.e.,
generally less than 141 µm diam.). Dust formulations also can have very
small particle sizes (as little as 5 µm diam.) and are considered to
have drift characteristics similar to ULV formulations.

**3.2.1 Buffer zone approximations**

Various buffer zone sizes and ecotox class ratings are used in the RPR
to attain adequate reduction of residues in spray drift and/or surface
runoff with respect to pesticide toxicity. In some cases, alternative
applications or formulations may be provided in the RPR to reduce a
particular buffer zone (e.g., a relatively small buffer zone used in
conjunction with a belowground application of a solid formulation to
protect seed-eating bird species). Due to low probability of toxicity
and exposure, bait formulations specific for insects (particularly fire
ant baits) are generally not given buffer zones except for species
habitat where proposed or listed species may be affected (e.g.,
invertebrate species).

For animal species, minimal buffer zones for Class 1 pesticides are
based on estimates of the distance required for attaining (1)
approximately 98-99 percent reduction of deposited active ingredient or
(2) minimal effects during ground or aerial application.[^13] Minimal
buffer zones recommended in this document for application of Class 1
pesticides by mechanized ground equipment or aircraft are

1.  Thirty feet for mechanized ground applications of liquid
    formulations,

2.  Eighty feet for mechanized ground applications of ULV (ultra low
    volume) formulations,

3.  One hundred fifty feet for low (\< 10 feet) aerial applications of
    liquid formulations,

4.  Five hundred feet for low aerial applications of ULV or dust
    formulations,

5.  One-eighth mile for high (\> 10 feet) aerial applications of liquid
    formulations, and

6.  One-fourth mile for high aerial applications of ULV or dust
    formulations.[^14]

For proposed or listed species, additional safety factors are provided
for Class 2 and Class 3 pesticides by respectively doubling and tripling
buffer zones required of Class 1 pesticides. Class 2 and Class 3
pesticides may have the same buffer zone when the habitat of a proposed
or listed species is less vulnerable to pesticide applications (e.g.,
aquatic species in large rivers). Otherwise, buffer zones for Class 3
pesticides are three times the minimal buffer zones of Class 1
pesticides when the Class 3 pesticides are applied in proximity to (1)
edge habitat of sensitive species (e.g., bird species nesting along the
edge of cropland) or (2) species habitat with a limited range (e.g.,
fish species restricted to a small spring system). Except for small
aquatic habitat and other types of relatively vulnerable habitat,
species serving as food sources for proposed or listed species are not
given additional safety factors and have the same buffer zones
designated for Class 1 pesticides when necessary.

Buffer zones for proposed or listed plant species are relative to the
type of plant canopy associated with the habitat. Minimal buffer zones
(i.e., buffer zones used for Class 1 pesticides) are used for proposed
or listed plant species in plant communities with closed or dense
canopies (e.g., forest or thick woodland). Proposed or listed plant
species in plant communities with open to semi-open canopies (e.g.,
grassland or brushland) that are susceptible to spray drift are given
minimal buffer zones plus an additional safety factor (i.e., buffer
zones used for Class 2 pesticides). Buffer zones for plant pollinators
(bees and/or terrestrial arthropods) are based on a pollinator's ability
(as determined by size) to range from the area of a listed plant
species. A buffer zone of 1/2 mile at the edge of sites occupied by
listed plant species is recommended for small pollinators such as
halictid (metallic) bees whereas a 2-mile buffer zone is recommended for
relatively large pollinators such as bumble bees or hawkmoths.[^15]
Alternative buffer zones for pollinators are recommended according to
seasonality of flowering of listed plant species.[^16]

For aquatic habitats with proposed or listed species, buffer zones are
based on the potential for adverse pesticide concentrations relative to
water volume. Small water bodies are considered to include

1.  Ponds, lakes, and reservoirs less than 100 surface acres;

2.  Spring runs, streams, and rivers less than 100 cfs (cubic feet per
    second, mean monthly discharge); or

3.  Shallows of relatively large waterbodies.

Large waterbodies include either

1.  Lakes or reservoirs of 100 to 1000 surface acres; or

2.  Spring runs, streams, and rivers of 100 to 1000 cfs (mean monthly
    discharge).

Because of a relatively low potential for lethal or sublethal pesticide
concentrations, buffer zones for larger waterbodies (i.e., coastal bays,
large lakes, or reservoirs greater than 1000 surface acres; rivers
greater than 1000 cfs) are not given in the RPR.

Calculated distances for buffer zones are given in Appendix B of this
document. Due to lack of spray drift and relatively low environmental
concentrations, buffer zones for spot applications are generally derived
in 10-foot increments. Buffer zones between 100 feet and 500 feet for
mechanized ground and aerial applications are rounded to the nearest 50
feet. Beyond 500 feet, buffer zones are rounded to the nearest 1/8 mile,
1/4 mile, or 1/2 mile, where appropriate. The buffer zones are relative
to the height of nozzles or spreaders during pesticide application.
Buffer zones for mechanized ground applications are based on a nozzle or
spreader height of no more than four feet above the plant canopy or
ground surface. The buffer zones for aerial applications are specified
according to low or high applications. Low aerial applications are 10
feet or less above the plant canopy or bare ground surface and are used
mostly in cropland. High aerial applications are more than 10 feet above
the plant canopy or bare ground surface and are generally used for
rangeland or forest.

In addition to the buffer distances necessary for attaining adequate
deposition of pesticide spray and reduction of pesticide toxicity,
buffer zones in this document may include setbacks (untreated areas) to
allow for species use of edge habitat or habitat susceptibility (e.g.,
small waterbodies). A setback distance of 30 or 60 feet may be used for
terrestrial species when these species can travel relatively short
distances from species habitat into areas of pesticide treatment. To
protect aquatic species or aquatic habitat, setback distances of 50 and
300 feet are used, respectively, for relatively large waterbodies and
small waterbodies to allow adequate filtration by vegetative filter
strips or other types of filtering. Other examples of setbacks include
pygmy-owl sites, red-cockaded woodpecker clusters, and protected
activity centers of the Mexican spotted owl. Such areas should generally
remain untreated to preserve habitat characteristics essential for
survival of local populations or individuals of proposed or listed
species.

**3.2.2 Uses and limitations of buffer zones**

Three broadly-defined geographic zones are considered in the RPR with
respect to pesticide applications and protection measures such as
pesticide buffer zones. The first geographic zone is the area involving
the habitat of a species or a facility (refuge, fish hatchery, preserve,
etc.). Potential protection measures for applications inside species
habitat or a facility include pesticide buffer zones, species surveys,
and pesticide use restrictions. The second geographic zone is the area
that interfaces between (1) species habitat or a facility and (2)
nonhabitat areas such as cropland. Pesticide buffer zones are the
principal protection measures defined for this geographic zone, and the
size of the geographic zone itself is relative to individual buffer
zones. The third geographic zone comprises areas outside the effective
range of buffer zones. Pesticide applications in the outlying zone can
still impact species habitat or a facility by movement of pesticide
residues into surface runoff or other transport mechanisms (e.g.,
groundwater flow). Protection measures such as pesticide use
restrictions may be necessary in this zone to prevent residues from
adversely affecting species or the facility.

Buffer zones provided in the RPR can generally prevent or reduce the
likelihood of killing or injuring species associated with Service trust
resources. In particular, a buffer zone provides greater protection
against "take" for proposed or listed animal species including take from

1.  Sublethal effects (abnormal behavioral changes, endocrine system
    disruption, etc.),

2.  Indirect effects (e.g., loss of prey species), or

3.  Bioaccumulation of pesticide antimetabolites through food chains or
    the water environment.

Buildup of pesticide residues in edge habitat of terrestrial species
from repeated field applications can also be reduced by using prescribed
buffer zones thereby decreasing the potential for chronic toxicity
(i.e., exposure to a toxicant for relatively long periods of time during
the life cycle or stage of a species). Chronic toxicities for proposed
or listed species in aquatic habitat may be reduced by using buffer
zones; however, chronic conditions of toxicity in these habitats are
potentially influenced by mass transport of pesticide residues (e.g.,
sediment-borne residues) from portions of the watershed that lie beyond
the habitat itself.

In some situations, buffer zones alone are not always adequate to
address complexities involved with pesticide applications (see section
**3.3 Pesticide Sensitive Areas for Listed Species** below). Also,
buffer zones may not always reflect necessary levels of protection for a
given pesticide due to approximations that are made in deriving buffer
zone sizes. Relatively limited numbers of surrogate test species and
pesticide formulations (ordinarily a technical formulation with at least
90 percent active ingredient) are used to determine ecotox ratings.[^17]
Therefore, the ratings found in Table 2 may only represent a general
case in regard to the toxicity of pesticide active ingredients and their
various formulations. Another limitation is that ecotox ratings do not
account for the environmental fate of individual pesticides that can
reduce exposure for species (e.g., high volatilization). Buffer zone
sizes may, therefore, be underestimated or overestimated in terms of
pesticide toxicity and exposure for certain species; however, safety
factors associated with buffer zones as given by the RPR should help to
protect against underestimation of an appropriate buffer zone size.

**3.3 Pesticide Sensitive Areas for Listed Species**

Pesticide Sensitive Areas have been designated in the RPR to simplify or
adequately address complex situations associated with pesticide
applications that potentially affect proposed or listed species and
critical habitat. Pesticide Sensitive Areas designated in the RPR are
shown in the following list.

+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
| List  |         |                                                    |
| of    |         |                                                    |
| Cou   |         |                                                    |
| nties |         |                                                    |
| and   |         |                                                    |
| T&E   |         |                                                    |
| Sp    |         |                                                    |
| ecies |         |                                                    |
| with  |         |                                                    |
| Pest  |         |                                                    |
| icide |         |                                                    |
| Sens  |         |                                                    |
| itive |         |                                                    |
| Areas |         |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
| State | County  | Species                                            |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Ar    | Pima    | Masked bobwhite                                    |
| izona |         |                                                    |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Okl   | Alfalfa | Whooping crane                                     |
| ahoma | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Texas | Aransas | Whooping crane                                     |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Austin  | Attwater's greater prairie chicken                 |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Bexar   | Braken Bat Cave meshweaver, Cokendolpher cave      |
|       | County  | harvestman, Government Canyon Bat Cave meshweaver, |
|       |         | Government Canyon Bat Cave spider, Helotes mold    |
|       |         | beetle, Madla cave meshweaver, *Rhadine exilis*,   |
|       |         | *Rhadine infernalis*, Robber Baron Cave meshweaver |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Calhoun | Whooping crane                                     |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Clay    | Whooping crane                                     |
|       |         |                                                    |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | C       | Attwater's greater prairie chicken                 |
|       | olorado |                                                    |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Comal   | Comal Springs riffle beetle and fountain darter    |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Hays    | Barton Springs salamander, Comal Springs riffle    |
|       |         | beetle, fountain darter, San Marcos gambusia, San  |
|       | County  | Marcos salamander, and Texas wild-rice             |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Jeff    | Comanche Springs pupfish, Pecos gambusia, and      |
|       | Davis   | Pecos sunflower                                    |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Pecos   | Leon Springs pupfish, Pecos gambusia, and Pecos    |
|       | County  | sunflower                                          |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Reeves  | Comanche Springs pupfish, Pecos gambusia, and      |
|       | County  | Pecos sunflower                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Refugio | Whooping crane                                     |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Travis  | Barton Springs salamander, Bee Creek Cave          |
|       | County  | harvestman, Bone Cave harvestman, Kretschmarr Cave |
|       |         | mold beetle, Tooth Cave ground beetle, Tooth Cave  |
|       |         | pseudoscorpion, and Tooth Cave spider              |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       | Wil     | Bone Cave harvestman, Coffin Cave mold beetle, and |
|       | liamson | Tooth Cave ground beetle                           |
|       | County  |                                                    |
+-------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+

Pesticide Sensitive Areas are used in the RPR to reconcile different
requirements for buffer zones and other protection measures caused by

1.  Proposed or listed species entering areas involving pesticide
    applications (e.g., Attwater's greater prairie-chicken entering
    cropland adjacent to its habitat), or

2.  Co-location of more than one species and/or areas of critical
    habitat (e.g., co-location of five listed aquatic species with four
    areas of overlapping critical habitat in the San Marcos River of
    central Texas).

Pesticide Sensitive Areas are also used to define watersheds where
pesticide monitoring and restrictions on pesticide use should possibly
be implemented. In some Pesticide Sensitive Areas, an integrated pest
management (IPM) plan may be used to protect listed species. IPM
strategies include

1.  Cultural controls (e.g., crop rotation),

2.  Biological controls (e.g., insect predators),

3.  Mechanical controls (e.g., pest barriers),

4.  Chemical controls (e.g., pesticides), and

5.  Selection for host resistance.

State agricultural departments, county extension services, and other
appropriate agencies such as the EPA should be consulted to coordinate
or implement any necessary use restrictions and/or pesticide monitoring
inside a Pesticide Sensitive Area.

**4.0 RPR PROCEDURE**

1.  **Use of the RPR**

This document provides recommendations for pesticide applications in
Region 2 that involve Service trust resources of (1) national wildlife
refuges and fish hatcheries, (2) migratory birds, and (3)
Federally-listed species. The RPR specifically provides pesticide
protection measures that can be used to protect listed species, species
proposed for listing, and critical habitat in Region 2. Pesticide
protection measures listed in the RPR may be used in ESA section 7
consultations or section 10 permit processes. However, the RPR itself
cannot be used in lieu of section 7 consultations or section 10 permits
as required under the ESA. In addition to ESA pesticide consultations,
the RPR may be used in conjunction with development of protection
measures for various pesticide programs such as the Service's Pesticide
Use Program (PUP) for refuges or hatcheries. Recommendations in the RPR
do not constitute rules, regulations, requirements, or project
evaluation criteria of the Service. The recommendations also do not
create or establish any legal obligations, binding effects, minimum
standards, or criteria to be adopted by the private sector or by
government agencies at the Federal, state, or local level.

Service trust resources are protected from pesticide applications under
various statutory authorities and regulations (ESA, FIFRA, etc.).
Pesticide use restrictions as stated on FIFRA pesticide labels (i.e.,
labels for section 3 registrations, section 18 emergency exemptions, or
section 24(c) state-specific registrations) must be implemented by all
pesticide applicators. However, protection measures in the RPR may be
used in ESA consultations if the RPR protection measures are more
protective than pesticide use restrictions prescribed by FIFRA-related
pesticide labels. Protection measures for proposed or listed species as
provided below may be used by Service personnel as baseline information
in preparing a Biological Opinion (BO) or Habitat Conservation Plan
(HCP). The protection measures can be used as appropriate for developing
BO components such as reasonable and prudent alternatives (RPAs),
reasonable and prudent measures (RPMs), and conservation measures.
However, potential take of listed animal species or injury to listed
plants should not be inferred when recommended protection measures in
the RPR are not used. Actual determination of take or listed plant
injury can only be made by the Service after pesticide application has
occurred.

**Protection measures recommended in the RPR are based on a
screening-level hazard assessment for various pesticide ecotoxicities as
determined in Table 2; therefore, protection measures in the RPR may be
further modified with additional information on a case by case basis**.
As part of a Federal agency action or HCP permit process under the ESA,
agencies or applicators can submit alternative protection measures
(including ecotox class ratings) for specific pesticides to the nearest
Service field office. These alternative protection measures should be
based on ecological risk assessments, field trials, or peer-reviewed
publications. County extension services, state agricultural departments,
and other agencies may be consulted for alternative protection measures.

Pesticide applications involving Service trust resources should be based
on the assumption that risk to these resources from pesticides can never
be completely evaluated or necessarily eliminated. In particular, the
use of surrogate animal species for estimating pesticide toxicities may
not always accurately predict all potential outcomes with respect to
exposure of a listed species to specific pesticides. Variability in
pesticide operations (methods, equipment, etc.) also contributes to risk
factors involved with pesticide applications. Although protection
measures in the RPR should provide adequate protection under most
circumstances, prudent care should be taken in using this document for
individual pesticide applications. During any pesticide application, it
is the responsibility of the applicator or action agency to ensure that
ESA provisions are not violated such as unauthorized take of listed
animal species, killing or damaging endangered plant species on Federal
lands, etc.

2.  **Determination of Protection Measures**

To develop pesticide protection measures from the RPR, the following
process should be applied:

1.  Find appropriate protection measures and species toxicity groups
    from **Table 1. Specific protection measures for Service facilities,
    migratory birds, and proposed or listed species** found below in
    section 4.2.2.

2.  Cross-reference individual protection measure numbers from Table 1
    to corresponding protection measures found in **List of recommended
    protection measures for Service trust resources in Region 2** in
    section 4.3.

3.  Determine relevant parts from each protection measure that pertain
    to the proposed pesticide application or action. When required by a
    particular protection measure, determine:

    a.  Ecotox class ratings for pesticides from **Table 2.**
        **Ecotoxicity ratings for pesticide active ingredients and
        various formulations** in section 4.4.1.

> b\. Biological factors (habitat/range, seasonality, plant
> classification, plant flowering periods, and pollinators) for proposed
> or listed species from **Table 3. Biological information for proposed
> or listed species in Region 2** in section 4.4.2.

After determining general protection measures from the RPR process as
shown above, individual protection measures may be developed for
specific pesticide applications in a given area. Alternative buffer
zones suggested by individual protection measures may be used as
appropriate according to the type of application or formulation being
used. Supplementary sources of information (e.g., habitat maps, soil
surveys, and evaluations such as risk assessments) should be used to
further refine final protection measures for pesticide applications.

Protection measures for pesticide applications involving Service
facilities should be used on a default basis if protection measures
derived for proposed or listed species are less stringent. When two or
more sets of protection measures are applicable for a particular
pesticide formulation or application, the more restrictive protection
measures are recommended. This may occur when (1) more than one listed
species is involved in a given area (e.g., listed birds-of-prey nesting
in an area that has a listed plant species) or (2) a pesticide has more
than one active ingredient with different toxicities for individual
toxicity groups (e.g., an herbicide that has 2, 4-D combined with
bromacil).

**4.2.1 Approximation of ecotox class ratings**

For determination of buffer zones or other levels of protection,
pesticides that have the same ecotox class ratings are given the same
level of protection regardless of the subscript descriptor (e.g., Class
2~b~, Class 2~e~, or Class 2~sp~ pesticides should all treated as Class
2 pesticides with respect to buffer zones). Active ingredients or
formulations in Table 2 that have a Class 0 rating for a given toxicity
group do not ordinarily require protection measures for that particular
toxicity group unless otherwise indicated by the pesticide label or
other informational sources. Since blank cells in Table 2 generally
reflect cases where pesticide toxicity testing has not been performed
(e.g., household pesticides untested for outdoor uses), additional
information should be obtained on active ingredients or formulations of
pesticides that have blank cells with respect to individual species
prior to use of these particular pesticides in proximity to Service
trust resources. Determination of toxicity for active ingredients or
formulations can generally be made by (1) consulting pesticide
informational sources (e.g., pesticide container labels) or (2)
contacting the pesticide manufacturer to obtain a material safety data
sheet (MSDS).

In addition to the ecotox ratings given in Table 2 for individual active
ingredients, the toxicity ratings scales in Appendix A may be used to
classify pesticide formulations that have (1) more than one active
ingredient and/or (2) potentially toxic adjuvants or carriers. The
following process should be used in approximating ecotox class ratings
from Appendix A:

1\. When toxicity data for a pesticide are available from the
manufacturer or other sources for toxicity groups tested under FIFRA
regulations (i.e., Small Mammal, Gallinaceous Avian, Waterfowl Avian,
Cold Water Fish, Warm Water Fish, and Aquatic Arthropod), the pesticide
should be rated by ecotox class according to the ratings scale in
Appendix A for individual species toxicity groups that potentially will
be affected during application of the pesticide.

2\. For toxicity groups other than those tested under FIFRA, the
following taxonomic groups

> may be modeled accordingly:
>
> a\. Large Mammal and Predatory Mammal from the ecotox ratings for
> Small Mammal.
>
> b\. Large Avian from the ecotox ratings for Waterfowl Avian.
>
> c\. Predatory Avian, Small Avian, and Reptile from the ecotox ratings
> for Gallinaceous Avian.
>
> d\. Aquatic Amphibian or Terrestrial Amphibian from the highest rating
> of either Cold Water Fish or Warm Water Fish.
>
> e\. For the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group, pesticides should be
> rated as Class 3 if a particular active ingredient is used as an
> insecticide; otherwise, the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group
> should be modeled from the higher rating of either the Aquatic
> Arthropod or Bee toxicity groups.

f\. Bee toxicity group from the ecotox ratings for Aquatic Arthropod.

> g\. Fresh Water Mollusk from the ecotox ratings for Aquatic Arthropod.

Pesticides with multiple active ingredients and/or toxic agents should
be assigned an overall class rating to match the highest level of
toxicity indicated by ratings in Appendix A, Table 2, or other sources.
For example, a nontoxic active ingredient combined in a formulation
together with a highly toxic active ingredient should have an ecotox
rating of Class 2.

**4.2.2 Specific protection measures**

Recommended protection measures for pesticide applications involving
Service trust resources in Region 2 are indicated by specific numbers in
Table 1, which can be used to reference respective protection measures
listed below the table in the sections for Service facilities, migratory
birds, and proposed or listed species.

+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| **Table 1. |                                            |           |
| Specific   |                                            |           |
| protection |                                            |           |
| measures   |                                            |           |
| r          |                                            |           |
| ecommended |                                            |           |
| for        |                                            |           |
| Service    |                                            |           |
| fac        |                                            |           |
| ilities,** |                                            |           |
|            |                                            |           |
| *          |                                            |           |
| *migratory |                                            |           |
| birds, and |                                            |           |
| proposed   |                                            |           |
| or listed  |                                            |           |
| species**  |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| **Service  |                                            |           |
| fa         |                                            |           |
| cilities** |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| **         |                                            | **p       |
| facility** |                                            | rotection |
|            |                                            | m         |
|            |                                            | easures** |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Refuge or  |                                            | 1         |
| hatchery   |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| *          |                                            |           |
| *Migratory |                                            |           |
| birds**    |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| **toxicity | **birds**                                  | **p       |
| group**    |                                            | rotection |
|            |                                            | m         |
|            |                                            | easures** |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Large      | Wading birds                               | 2         |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
|            |                                            |           |
| or Small   |                                            |           |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Predatory  | Burrowing owls                             | 3         |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Predatory  | Falcons, kites, ospreys, owls (other than  | 4         |
| Avian      | burrowing owls), and small hawks (Cooper's |           |
|            | hawk, sharp-shinned hawk, Swainson's hawk, |           |
|            | etc.)                                      |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Predatory  | Golden eagles                              | 5         |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Predatory  | Large hawks, (red-tailed hawk,             | 6         |
| Avian      | red-shouldered hawk, etc.) and other birds |           |
|            | that eat carrion (caracaras, ravens,       |           |
| or Small   | vultures, etc.)                            |           |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Small      | Shorebirds                                 | 7         |
| Avian      |                                            |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Small      | Small migratory birds that may eat         | 8         |
| Avian      | granular, pellet, or treated seed          |           |
|            | formulations (seed-eating or grit-eating   |           |
|            | species such as doves, finches, meadow     |           |
|            | larks, sparrows, etc.) [^18]               |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Small      | Small migratory birds that will not eat    | 9         |
| Avian      | granular, pellet, or treated               |           |
|            |                                            |           |
|            | seed formulations (insect-eating species   |           |
|            | such as flycatchers, swallows, warblers,   |           |
|            | woodpeckers, wrens, etc.)                  |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Waterfowl  | Geese                                      | 10        |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Waterfowl  | Waterfowl (ducks, grebes, loons,           | 11        |
|            | mergansers, etc.) other than geese         |           |
+------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+

+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| **Proposed |                 |                    |     |           |
| or listed  |                 |                    |     |           |
| species**  |                 |                    |     |           |
+============+=================+====================+=====+===========+
| **toxicity | **common name** | **scientific       | **s | **p       |
| group**    |                 | name**             | tat | rotection |
|            |                 |                    | us\ | m         |
|            |                 |                    | *** | easures** |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Large      | Sonoran         | *Antilocapra       | E   | none      |
| Mammal     | pronghorn       | americana*         |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 | *sonoriensis*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Large      | West Indian     | *Trichechus        | E   | none      |
| Mammal     | manatee         | manatus*           |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | black-footed    | *Mustela nigripes* | E,  | 13, 17,   |
| Mammal     | ferret          |                    | XN  | 41        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | jaguar          | *Panthera onca*    | E   | 13, 18    |
| Mammal     |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | jaguarundi      | *Herpailurus (=    | E   | 1, 13, 18 |
| Mammal     |                 | Felis)*            |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 | *yagouaroundi      |     |           |
|            |                 | cacomitli*         |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | Louisiana black | *Ursus americanus  | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Mammal     | bear            | luteolus*          |     | 42        |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | Mexican gray    | *Canis lupus*      | XN  | 13, 17,   |
| Mammal     | wolf            |                    |     | 43        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | ocelot          | *Leopardus (=      | E   | 1, 13, 18 |
| Mammal     |                 | Felis) pardalis*   |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | gray bat        | *Myotis            | E   | 1, 13, 19 |
| Mammal     |                 | grisescens*        |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Hualapai        | *Microtus          | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mammal     | Mexican         | mexicanus*         |     | 21        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | vole            | *hualpaiensis*     |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Indiana bat     | *Myotis sodalis*   | E   | 12, 13,   |
| Mammal     |                 |                    |     | 19        |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | lesser          | *Leptonycteris     | E   | 1, 13, 20 |
| Mammal     | (Sanborn's)     | curasoae*          |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | long-nosed bat  | *yerbabuenae*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Mexican         | *Leptonycteris     | E   | 13, 20    |
| Mammal     |                 | navalis*           |     |           |
|            | long-nosed bat  |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Mount Graham    | *Tamiasciurus      | E   | 12, 13,   |
| Mammal     |                 | hudsonicus         |     | 14, 21    |
|            | red squirrel    | grahamensis*       | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Ozark big-eared | *Plecotus          | E   | 1, 13, 19 |
| Mammal     | bat             | townsendii ingens* |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Ga         | Attwater's      | *Tympanuchus       | E   | 1, 13,    |
| llinaceous | greater         | cupido*            |     | 14, 44    |
| Avian      |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | prairie-chicken | *attwateri*        |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Ga         | masked bobwhite | *Colinus           | E   | 1, 13,    |
| llinaceous |                 | virginianus        |     | 14, 48    |
| Avian      |                 | ridgewayi*         |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Large      | brown pelican   | *Pelicanus         | T   | none      |
| Avian      |                 | occidentalis*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Large      | whooping crane  | *Grus americana*   | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Avian      |                 |                    |     | 13, 53    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH, |           |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    | XN  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | bald eagle      | *Haliaeetus        | T   | 1, 13, 45 |
| Avian      |                 | leucocephalus*     |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | California      | *Gymnoyps          | XN  | 13, 17,   |
| Avian      | condor          | californianus*     |     | 46        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | Mexican spotted | *Strix             | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Avian      | owl             | occidentalis       |     | 49        |
|            |                 | lucida*            | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | Northern        | *Falco femoralis   | E   | 1, 13, 50 |
| Avian      |                 | septentrionalis*   |     |           |
|            | aplomado falcon |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Predatory  | pygmy-owl,      | *Glaucidium        | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Avian      |                 | brasilianum*       | w/  | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          |                    |     | 51        |
|            | ferruginous     | *cactorum*         | P   |           |
|            |                 |                    | /CH |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | black-capped    | *Vireo             | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Avian      | vireo           | atricapilla*       |     | 14, 23    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Eskimo curlew   | *Numensis          | E   | none      |
| Avian      |                 | borealis*          |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | golden-cheeked  | *Dendroica         | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Avian      | warbler         | chrysoparia*       |     | 14, 23    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | interior least  | *Sterna            | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Avian      | tern            | antillarum*        |     | 14, 47    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | piping plover   | *Charadius         | T   | 1, 12,    |
| Avian      |                 | melodus*           |     | 13, 14    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | red-cockaded    | *Picoides          | E   | 13, 52    |
| Avian      | woodpecker      | borealis*          |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Southwestern    | *Empidonax         | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Avian      |                 | traillii extimus*  |     | 13, 14,   |
|            | willow          |                    | w/  | 23        |
|            | flycatcher      |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Small      | Yuma clapper    | *Rallus            | E   | 1, 13, 27 |
| Avian      | rail            | longirostris       |     |           |
|            |                 | yumanensis*        |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | Concho water    | *Nerodia           | T   | 12,       |
|            | snake           | paucimaculata*     |     | 13,14, 27 |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | desert tortoise | *Gopherus          | T   | 1, 12,    |
|            |                 | agassizii*         |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 54        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | green sea       | *Chelonia mydas*   | T   | none      |
|            | turtle          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | hawksbill sea   | *Eretmochleys      | E   | none      |
|            | turtle          | imbricata*         |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | Kemp's ridley   | *Lepidochleys      | E   | none      |
|            |                 | kempii*            |     |           |
|            | sea turtle      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | leatherback sea | *Dermochelys       | E   | none      |
|            | turtle          | coriacea*          |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | loggerhead sea  | *Chelonia caretta* | T   | none      |
|            | turtle          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Reptile    | New Mexican     | *Crotalus willardi | T   | 12, 13,   |
|            |                 | obscurus*          |     | 14, 25    |
|            | ridge-nosed     |                    | w/  |           |
|            | rattlesnake     |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Barton Springs  | *Eurycea sosorum*  | E   | 13, 15,   |
| Amphibian  |                 |                    |     | 16, 55    |
|            | salamander      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Chiricahua      | *Rana              | T   | 1, 13,    |
| Amphibian  |                 | chiricahuensis*    |     | 14, 56    |
|            | leopard frog    |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | San Marcos      | *Eurycea nana*     | T   | 1, 12,    |
| Amphibian  | salamander      |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  | 15, 16,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 30        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Sonoran tiger   | *Ambystoma         | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Amphibian  | salamander      | tigrinum           |     | 26        |
|            |                 | stebbinsi*         |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Texas blind     | *Eurycea rathbuni* | E   | 1, 16     |
| Amphibian  | salamander      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Houston toad    | *Bufo              | E   | 12, 13,   |
| errestrial |                 | houstonensis*      |     | 14, 15,   |
| Amphibian  |                 |                    | w/  | 57        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Cold Water | Apache trout    | *Oncorhynchus      | T   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 | apache*            |     | 14, 26    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Cold Water | fountain darter | *Etheostoma        | E   | 14, 15,   |
| Fish       | [^19]           | fonticola*         |     | 16, 28    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  | (Comal    |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 1, 12,    |
|            |                 |                    |     | 14, 15,   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 16, 30    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Hays     |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 1         |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Uvalde   |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Cold Water | Gila trout      | *Salmo gilae*      | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 26    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Cold Water | Ozark cavefish  | *Amblyopsis rosae* | T   | 16        |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Arkansas River  | *Notropis girardi* | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       | shiner          |                    |     | 14, 27    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | beautiful       | *Cyprinella        | T   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       | shiner          | formosa*           |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 26        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Big Bend        | *Gambusia gaigei*  | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Fish       | gambusia        |                    |     | 26        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | bonytail chub   | *Gila elegans*     | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 27        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Chihuahua chub  | *Gila nigrescens*  | T   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 27    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Clear Creek     | *Gambusia          | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Fish       | gambusia        | heterochir*        |     | 26        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Colorado        | *Ptychocheilus     | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       | pikeminnow      | lucius*            |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH, | 17, 27    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    | XN  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Comanche        | *Cyprinodon        | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Fish       | Springs         | elegans*           |     | 31        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | pupfish         |                    |     | ( Jeff    |
|            |                 |                    |     | Davis and |
|            |                 |                    |     | Reeves    |
|            |                 |                    |     | counties) |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 1         |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Uvalde   |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | desert pupfish  | *Cyprinodon        | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 | macularius*        |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 26        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Devils River    | *Dionda diaboli*   | T   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       | minnow          |                    |     | 14, 26    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Gila chub       | *Gila intermedia*  | P/E | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Gila topminnow  | *Poeciliopsis      | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 | occidentalis*      |     | 14, 26    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | humpback chub   | *Gila cypha*       | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 27    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Leon Springs    | *Cyprinodon        | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       | pupfish         | bovinus*           |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 29        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | leopard darter  | *Percina           | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       |                 | pantherina*        |     | 14, 27    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Little Colorado | *Lepidomeda        | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       | spinedace       | vittata*           |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | loach minnow    | *Rhinichthys       | T   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 | (=Tiaroga)         |     | 14, 27    |
|            |                 | cobitis*           |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Neosho madtom   | *Notursu placidus* | T   | 13, 14,   |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 27        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Pecos           | *Notropis simus    | T   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 | pecosensis*        |     | 13, 14,   |
|            | bluntnose       |                    | w/  | 27        |
|            | shiner          |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Pecos gambusia  | *Gambusia nobilis* | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (New      |
|            |                 |                    |     | Mexico)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 31        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | Jeff      |
|            |                 |                    |     | Davis and |
|            |                 |                    |     | Reeves    |
|            |                 |                    |     | counties) |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 29        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     | Pecos     |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | razorback       | *Xyrauchen         | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       | sucker          | texanus*           |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 27        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Rio Grande      | *Hybognathus       | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 | amarus*            |     | 13, 14,   |
|            | silvery minnow  |                    | w/  | 27        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | San Marcos      | *Gambusia georgei* | E   | 12, 14,   |
| Fish       | gambusia        |                    |     | 15, 16,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 30        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Sonora chub     | *Gila ditaenia*    | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | spikedace       | *Meda fulgida*     | T   | 12, 13,   |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 14, 27    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Virgin River    | *Gila robusta      | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       | chub            | seminuda*          |     | 14, 27    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | woundfin        | *Plagopterus       | E,  | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 | argentissimus*     | XN  | 14, 17,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 27        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Yaqui catfish   | *Ictalurus pricei* | T   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w   | 27        |
|            |                 |                    | /CH |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Yaqui chub      | *Gila purpurea*    | E   | 1, 12,    |
| Fish       |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 26        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Warm Water | Yaqui topminnow | *Poeciliopsis      | E   | 1, 13,    |
| Fish       |                 | occidentalis       |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 | soronensis*        |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Comal Springs   | *Stygoparnus       | E   | 16        |
| Arthropod  |                 | comalensis*        |     |           |
|            | dryopid beetle  |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Comal Springs   | *Heterelmis        | E   | 14, 15,   |
| Arthropod  |                 | comalensis*        |     | 28        |
|            | riffle beetle   |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Comal    |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 14, 15,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 30        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Hays     |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Noel=s amphipod | *Gammarus          | P/E | 1, 12,    |
| Arthropod  |                 | desperatus*        |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Peck's cave     | *Stygobromus       | E   | 16        |
| Arthropod  | amphipod        | pecki*             |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Aquatic    | Socorro isopod  | *Thermosphaeroma   | E   | 14, 26    |
| Arthropod  |                 | thermophilum*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | American        | *Nicrophorus       | E   | 13, 58    |
| errestrial |                 | americanus*        |     |           |
| Arthropod  | burying beetle  |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Bee Creek Cave  | *Texella reddelli* | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | harvestman      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Bone Cave       | *Texella reyesi*   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | harvestman      |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Braken Bat Cave | *Cicurina venii*   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | meshweaver      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Coffin Cave     | *Batrisodes        | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 | texanus*           |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | mold beetle     |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Cokendolpher    | *Texella           | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 | cokendolpheri*     |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | cave harvestman |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Government      | *Cicurina vespara* | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | Canyon          |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | Bat Cave        |                    |     |           |
|            | meshweaver      |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Government      | *Neoleptoneta      | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | Canyon          | microps*           |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | Bat Cave spider |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Helotes mold    | *Batrisodes        | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | beetle          | venyvivi*          |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Kretschmarr     | *Texamaurops       | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | Cave            | reddelli*          |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
|            | mold beetle     |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Madla Cave      | *Cicurina madla*   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | meshweaver      |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | (no common      | *Rhadine exilis*   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | name)           |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | (no common      | *Rhadine           | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | name)           | infernalis*        |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Robber Baron    | *Cicurina baronia* | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | Cave meshweaver |                    |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Tooth Cave      | *Rhadine           | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 | persephone*        |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | ground beetle   |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Tooth Cave      | *Tartarocreagris   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial |                 | texana*            |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  | pseudoscorpion  |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| T          | Tooth Cave      | *Neoleptoneta      | E   | 13, 14,   |
| errestrial | spider          | myopica*           |     | 32        |
| Arthropod  |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Alamosa         | *Tryonia alamosae* | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    | springsnail     |                    |     | 26        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Kanab           | *Oxyloma haydeni   | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    | ambersnail      | kanabensis*        |     | 24        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Koster=s        | *Tryonia kosteri*  | P/E | 1, 12,    |
| Mollusk    | tryonia         |                    |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w   |           |
|            |                 |                    | /CH |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Ouachita        | *Arkansia          | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    |                 | wheeleri*          |     | 27        |
|            | rock-pocketbook |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Pecos assiminea | *Assiminea pecos*  | P/E | 1, 12,    |
| Mollusk    |                 |                    |     | 14, 26    |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  | (New      |
|            |                 |                    |     | Mexico)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 12, 13,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 14, 29    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     | Pecos     |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 12, 13,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 14, 31    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     | Reeves    |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Roswell         | *Pyrgulopsis       | P/E | 1, 12,    |
| Mollusk    | springsnail     | roswellensis*      |     | 14, 26    |
|            | (pyrg)          |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | scaleshell      | *Leptodea          | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    | mussel          | leptidon*          |     | 27        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | Socorro pyrg    | *Pyrgulopsis       | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    | (springsnail)   | neomexicana*       |     | 26        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Freshwater | winged          | *Quadula fragosa*  | E   | 13, 14,   |
| Mollusk    | mapleleaf       |                    |     | 27        |
|            | mussel          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Arizona agave   | *Agave arizonica*  | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 37, 40    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Arizona         | *Purshia           | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cliff-rose      | subintegra*        |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Arizona         | *Echinocereus      | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | triglochidiatus    |     | 34, 39    |
|            | hedgehog cactus | arizonicus*        |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Ashy dogweed    | *Thymophylla       | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 | tephroleuca*       |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 39        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Black lace      | *Echinocereus      | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | reichenbachi*      |     | 34, 40    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 | *var. albertii*    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Brady           | *Pediocactus       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | bradyi*            |     | 34, 39    |
|            | pincushion      |                    |     |           |
|            | cactus          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Bunched cory    | *Coryphantha       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | ramillosa*         |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Canelo Hills    | *Spiranthes        | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | delitescens*       |     | 37, 39    |
|            | ladies=-tresses |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Chisos Mountain | *Echinocereus      | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | chisoensis*        |     | 34, 40    |
|            | hedgehog cactus |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Cochise         | *Coryphantha       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | robbinsorum*       |     | 34, 39    |
|            | pincushion      |                    |     |           |
|            | cactus          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Davis green     | *Echinocereus      | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | pitaya          | viridiflorus*      |     | 34, 39    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 | *var. davisii*     |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Eastern         | *Platanthera       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | leucophaea*        |     | 36, 40    |
|            | prairie-fringed |                    |     |           |
|            | orchid          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Gypsum          | *Eriogonum         | T   | 12, 13,   |
|            |                 | gypsophilum*       |     | 14, 34,   |
|            | wild-buckwheat  |                    | w/  | 39        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Hinckley=s oak  | *Quercus           | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | hinckleyi*         |     | 34        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Holy Ghost      | *Ipomopsis         | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | ipomopsis       | sancti-spiritus*   |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Huachucha       | *Lilaeopsis        | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 | schaffneriana*     |     | 14, 35,   |
|            | water-umbel     |                    |     | 39        |
|            |                 | *recurva*          |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Johnston=s      | *Frankenia         | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            | frankenia       | johnstonii*        |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 39        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Jones           | *Cycladenia        | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cycladenia      | humilis jonesii*   |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Kearney=s       | *Amsonia           | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            | bluestar        | kearneyana*        |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 39        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Knowlton cactus | *Pediocactus       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | knowltonii*        |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Kuenzler        | *Echinocereus      | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 | fendleri*          |     | 14, 34,   |
|            | hedgehog cactus |                    |     | 39        |
|            |                 | *var. kuenzleri*   |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Lee pincushion  | *Coryphantha       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | sneedii var. leei* |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Large-fruited   | *Abronia           | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | macrocarpa*        |     | 34, 40    |
|            | sand-verbena    |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Little Aguja    | *Potamogeton       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | pondweed        | clystocarpus*      |     | 38, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Lloyd's         | *Echinomastus      | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            | Mariposa cactus | mariposensis*      |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Mancos          | *Astragalus        | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | milk-vetch      | humillimus*        |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Mesa Verde      | *Sclerocactus      | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | mesae-verdae*      |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Navajo sedge    | *Carex specuicloa* | T   | 12, 13,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 37        |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Navasota        | *Spiranthes        | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | parksii*           |     | 36, 40    |
|            | ladies=-tresses |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Nellie cory     | *Coryphantha       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | minima*            |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Nichol's Turk's | *Echinocactus*     | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 34, 39    |
|            | head cactus     | *horizonthalonium  |     |           |
|            |                 | nicholii*          |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Pecos sunflower | *Helianthus        | T   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 | paradoxus*         |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 40        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (New      |
|            |                 |                    |     | Mexico)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 29, 40    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     | Pecos     |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | or        |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 31, 40    |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     | (Texas:   |
|            |                 |                    |     | Reeves    |
|            |                 |                    |     | County)   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Peebles Navajo  | *Pediocactus       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | cactus          | peeblesianus       |     | 34, 39    |
|            |                 | peeblesianus*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Pima pineapple  | *Coryphantha       | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            | cactus          | scheeri*           |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 39        |
|            |                 | *robustispina*     |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Sacramento      | *Cirsium vinaceum* | T   | 13, 34,   |
|            | Mountains       |                    |     | 40        |
|            | thistle         |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Sacramento      | *Argemone          | E   | 13, 34,   |
|            |                 | pleiacantha*       |     | 40        |
|            | prickly-poppy   |                    |     |           |
|            |                 | *ssp.              |     |           |
|            |                 | pinnatisecta*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | San Francisco   | *Senecio           | T   | 12, 13,   |
|            | groundsel       | franciscanus*      |     | 39        |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Sentry          | *Astragalus        | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | milk-vetch      | cremnophylax       |     | 34, 39    |
|            |                 | cremnophylax*      |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Siler           | *Pediocactus       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | sileri*            |     | 34, 39    |
|            | pincushion      |                    |     |           |
|            | cactus          |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Slender         | *Hoffmannseggia    | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | rush-pea        | tenella*           |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Sneed           | *Coryphantha       | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 | sneedii*           |     | 14, 34,   |
|            | pincushion      |                    |     | 39        |
|            | cactus          | *var. sneedii*     |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | South Texas     | *Ambrosia          | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | ambrosia        | cheiranthifolia*   |     | 34        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Star cactus     | *Astrophytum       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | asterias*          |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Terlingua Creek | *Cryptantha        | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | crassipes*         |     | 34, 39    |
|            | cat's-eye       |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas ayenia    | *Ayenia limitaris* | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas           | *Callirhoe         | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | poppy-mallow    | scabriuscula*      |     | 34, 40    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas prairie   | *Hymenoxys texana* | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 34, 39    |
|            | dawn-flower     |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas snowbells | *Styrax texanus*   | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas trailing  | *Phlox nivalis     | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | phlox           | ssp. texensis*     |     | 33, 40    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Texas wild-rice | *Zizania texana*   | E   | 1, 12,    |
|            |                 |                    |     | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  |           |
|            |                 |                    | CH  | 15, 30    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Tobusch         | *Ancistrocactus    | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | fishhook cactus | tobuschii*         |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Todsen's        | *Hedeoma todsenii* | E   | 12, 13,   |
|            | pennyroyal      |                    |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 40        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Walker's manioc | *Manhiot walkerae* | E   | 1, 13,    |
|            |                 |                    |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    |     | 40        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Welsh's         | *Asclepias         | T   | 12, 13,   |
|            | milkweed        | welshii*           |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 40        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Western prairie | *Platanthera       | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | praeclara*         |     | 36, 40    |
|            | fringed orchid  |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | White           | *Lesquerella       | E   | 13, 14,   |
|            | bladderpod      | pallida*           |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Zapata          | *Lesquerella       | E   | 12, 13,   |
|            | bladderpod      | thamnophila*       |     | 14, 34,   |
|            |                 |                    | w/  | 39        |
|            |                 |                    | CH  |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| Plant      | Zuni fleabane   | *Erigeron          | T   | 13, 14,   |
|            |                 | rhizomatus*        |     | 34, 39    |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+
| \* Status: |                 |                    |     |           |
|            |                 |                    |     |           |
| > E =      |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| Endangered |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > T =      |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| Threatened |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > P/E =    |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Proposed |                 |                    |     |           |
| > for      |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| Endangered |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Status   |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > P/T =    |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Proposed |                 |                    |     |           |
| > for      |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| Threatened |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Status   |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > w/ CH =  |                 |                    |     |           |
| > with     |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Critical |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Habitat  |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > w/ P/CH  |                 |                    |     |           |
| > = with   |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Proposed |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Critical |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Habitat  |                 |                    |     |           |
| >          |                 |                    |     |           |
| > XN =     |                 |                    |     |           |
| > Ex       |                 |                    |     |           |
| perimental |                 |                    |     |           |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+-----+-----------+

**4.3 List of Recommended Protection Measures for Service Trust
Resources in Region 2**

**4.3.1 Service facilities**

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

1\. To protect Service refuges or fish hatcheries, the Service
recommends ---

a\. Applicators should contact the facility before (1) applying
pesticides near facility boundaries with mechanized ground or aerial
equipment or (2) implementing a pest control program in the vicinity of
the facility. Pesticides with the least toxicity and persistence in both
soil and water should be used adjacent to a facility=s boundary.
Pesticide should not be used in or adjacent to wetlands or waterbodies
such as canals, ditches, sloughs, etc., that drain into these
facilities. Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths
parallel to the facility and its aerial buffer zone. If flight over a
facility is necessary, applicators should maintain a minimal altitude of
2,000 feet and make sure that shutoff of pesticide sprayers or spreaders
has occurred.

> b\. Applicators should use at least a 1-mile buffer zone at a
> facility=s boundary when applying the following avian
> toxicants/deterrents or any other avian toxicant/deterrent.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| aminopyridine (e.g., Avitrol7)                                        |
|                                                                       |
| chloro-p-toludine hydrochloride (e.g., CPTH, DRC-1339, Starlicide7)   |
|                                                                       |
| fenthion (e.g., Rid-A-Bird7)                                          |
|                                                                       |
| polybutene adhesive (e.g., Tanglefoot Bird Repellent7)                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use at least a 3-mile buffer zone from a
facility's boundary when applying the following predator/rodent control
agents or any pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~
or Class 2~sp~) in the Predatory Mammal toxicity group.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                  |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* famphur (e.g., Warbex7) † sodium fluoroacetate     |
| zinc phosphide                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside the 3-mile buffer zone if (1) the pesticide |
| is applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent   |
| colony and (2) all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.     |
|                                                                       |
| H Animal carcasses with famphur-treated hides should be removed,      |
| buried, or otherwise covered inside the 3-mile buffer zone.           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

d\. Applicators should use the following protection measures to protect
Service refuges or fish hatcheries for applying pesticides except for
the pesticides previously indicated above (i.e., avian
toxicants/deterrents, predator/rodent control agents, or pesticides that
can cause secondary poisoning):

♦ The following buffer zones should be implemented at the facility=s
boundary for (1) any herbicide that rates as either Class 0 or Class 1
for all animal toxicity groups and (2) any non-herbicidal pesticide
(except for avian toxicants/deterrents, predator/rodent control agents,
or secondary poisoning agents) that rates no higher than Class 1 in any
animal toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | None        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | 30 feet \*  | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*H | 150 feet †  | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | §           |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| H These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| facility=s  |             |             |             |             |
| boundary if |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| following   |             |             |             |             |
| three       |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| are met:    |             |             |             |             |
| (1) a       |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication, |             |             |             |             |
| (2)         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| residues in |             |             |             |             |
| surface     |             |             |             |             |
| runoff      |             |             |             |             |
| cannot      |             |             |             |             |
| drain into  |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| after a     |             |             |             |             |
| pr          |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
| event, and  |             |             |             |             |
| (3)         |             |             |             |             |
| proposed or |             |             |             |             |
| listed      |             |             |             |             |
| species or  |             |             |             |             |
| their       |             |             |             |             |
| habitat     |             |             |             |             |
| components  |             |             |             |             |
| (nests,     |             |             |             |             |
| roosting    |             |             |             |             |
| sites,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) have  |             |             |             |             |
| not been    |             |             |             |             |
| sighted or  |             |             |             |             |
| documented  |             |             |             |             |
| in the      |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the      |             |             |             |             |
| facility=s  |             |             |             |             |
| boundary if |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by a        |             |             |             |             |
| sprayer     |             |             |             |             |
| with low    |             |             |             |             |
| pressure    |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles     |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| deliver a   |             |             |             |             |
| spray       |             |             |             |             |
| ranging     |             |             |             |             |
| from coarse |             |             |             |             |
| to very     |             |             |             |             |
| coarse in   |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| size.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents, predator/rodent
> control agents, or secondary poisoning agents as indicated above) that
> rate as Class 2 in any animal toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones at the facility=s boundary.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | None        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets, or |             |             |             |             |
| treated     |             |             |             |             |
| seeds are   |             |             |             |             |
| completely  |             |             |             |             |
| covered by  |             |             |             |             |
| soil for up |             |             |             |             |
| to 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| facility=s  |             |             |             |             |
| boundary.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  facility=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    boundary |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the      |             |             |             |             |
| facility=s  |             |             |             |             |
| boundary if |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by a        |             |             |             |             |
| sprayer     |             |             |             |             |
| with low    |             |             |             |             |
| pressure    |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles     |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| deliver a   |             |             |             |             |
| spray       |             |             |             |             |
| ranging     |             |             |             |             |
| from coarse |             |             |             |             |
| to very     |             |             |             |             |
| coarse in   |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| size.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents, predator/rodent
> control agents, or secondary poisoning agents as indicated above) that
> rate as Class 3 in any animal toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones at the facility=s boundary.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | None        | None        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 90 feet     | 90 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 450 feet H§ | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 250 feet H  | 250 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets, or |             |             |             |             |
| treated     |             |             |             |             |
| seeds are   |             |             |             |             |
| completely  |             |             |             |             |
| covered by  |             |             |             |             |
| soil for up |             |             |             |             |
| to 90 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| area to be  |             |             |             |             |
| protected.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  facility=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    boundary |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  facility=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    boundary |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

2.  **Migratory birds**

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

2\. To protect wading birds (egrets, herons, ibises, spoonbills, etc.),
the Service recommends ---

> The following buffer zones should be used near nesting areas
> (colonies, rookeries, etc.) of wading birds for all pesticide
> applications until juveniles have left the nest.[^20] Aerial pesticide
> applications should be made in swaths parallel to a colony or rookery
> and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

3\. To protect burrowing owls, the Service recommends ---

a\. The following burrow fumigants or any other burrow fumigant should
not be used in nest areas of burrowing owls.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein magnesium phosphide sodium nitrate                           |
|                                                                       |
| aluminum phosphide potassium nitrate                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Predatory Avian,
> Small Mammal, or Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity groups should not be
> applied by any method within 1/2 mile of burrowing owl nests until
> birds have left the area.[^21] This includes the following
> predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that can cause
> secondary poisoning (Class 2~sp~ or Class 3~sp~) in the Predatory
> Avian or Small Mammal toxicity groups. Prairie dog colonies should be
> monitored over a period of several days prior to treatment to detect
> the presence of burrowing owls.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone zinc phosphide                                |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone sodium cyanide                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

> 4\. To protect falcons, kites, ospreys, owls (other than burrowing
> owls), and small hawks (Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk, Swainson's
> hawk, etc.), the Service recommends ---
>
> a\. Pesticides that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in the Predatory Avian
> toxicity group should not be applied by any method within 300 feet of
> active nests of these birds-of-prey until juveniles have left the
> nest.[^22] The 300-foot buffer zone is unnecessary for spot or
> mechanized ground applications in existing rights-of-way adjacent to
> nests of these birds-of-prey if pesticide toxicity does not exceed
> Class 1 in the Predatory Avian toxicity group.

b\. Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 pesticide in the
Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the following buffer zones
near active nests of these birds-of-prey until juveniles have left the
nest.[^23]

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

5\. To protect golden eagles, the Service recommends ---

a\. When golden eagles are present in an area, the following
predator/rodent control agents or any Class 2~sp~ or Class 3~sp~
pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning in the Predatory Avian
toxicity group should not be used within normal flying distances of the
species.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                  |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* famphur (e.g., Warbex7) † sodium fluoroacetate     |
| zinc phosphide                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents in areas where golden eagles are present if (1)    |
| the pesticide is applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows   |
| of the rodent colony and (2) all tunnel entrances of the colony are   |
| covered up.                                                           |
|                                                                       |
| H Animal carcasses with famphur-treated hides should be removed,      |
| buried, or otherwise covered in areas where golden eagles are         |
| present.                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents as indicated
> above or any Class 2~sp~ or Class 3~sp~ pesticide that can cause
> secondary poisoning in the Predatory Avian toxicity group) should not
> be applied by any method within 1/4 mile of active nests of golden
> eagles until juveniles have left the nest.[^24] The 1/4-mile buffer
> zone is unnecessary for spot or mechanized ground applications in
> existing rights-of-way adjacent to golden eagle nests if pesticide
> toxicity does not exceed Class 1 in the Predatory Avian toxicity
> group. Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths parallel
> to the nest and its aerial buffer zone.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

> 6\. To protect large hawks (red-tailed hawk, red-shouldered hawk,
> etc.) and other birds that eat carrion (caracaras, ravens, vultures,
> etc.), the Service recommends ---
>
> a\. When carrion-eating birds are present, the following
> predator/rodent control agents or any Class 2~sp~ or Class 3~sp~
> pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning in the Predatory Avian
> toxicity group should not be used within normal flying distances of
> these birds.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                  |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* famphur (e.g., Warbex7) † sodium fluoroacetate     |
| zinc phosphide                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents in areas where carrion-eating birds are present if |
| (1) the pesticide is applied on bait sticks inside heavily used       |
| burrows of the rodent colony and (2) all tunnel entrances of the      |
| colony are covered up.                                                |
|                                                                       |
| H Animal carcasses with famphur-treated hides should be removed,      |
| buried, or otherwise covered in areas where carrion-eating birds are  |
| present.                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents as indicated
> above or any Class 2~sp~ or Class 3~sp~ pesticide that can cause
> secondary poisoning in the Predatory Avian toxicity group) should not
> be applied by any method within 1/8 mile for active nests of
> carrion-eating birds-of-prey (caracaras, hawks, and vultures) until
> juveniles have left the nest.[^25] The 1/8-mile buffer zone is
> unnecessary for spot or mechanized ground applications in existing
> rights-of-way adjacent to nests of these birds-of-prey if pesticide
> toxicity does not exceed Class 1 in the Predatory Avian Group. Aerial
> pesticide applications should be made in swaths parallel to the nest
> and its aerial buffer zone.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

7\. To protect shorebirds (avocets, plovers, sandpipers, terns, etc.),
the Service recommends ---

> The following buffer zones should be used near shorebird nesting areas
> for all pesticide applications until juveniles have abandoned the
> area. [^26] Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths
> parallel to the nesting area and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV or dust |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 500 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

> 8\. To protect small migratory birds that may eat granular, pellet, or
> treated seed formulations (seed-eating or grit-eating species such as
> doves, finches, meadowlarks, sparrows, etc.), the Service recommends
> ---
>
> a\. Applicators should not use the following avian
> toxicants/deterrents or any other avian toxicant/deterrent in areas
> where migratory birds (other than pest species) may be affected.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| aminopyridine (e.g., Avitrol7)                                        |
|                                                                       |
| chloro-p-toludine hydrochloride (e.g., CPTH, DRC-1339, Starlicide7)   |
|                                                                       |
| fenthion (e.g., Rid-A-Bird7)                                          |
|                                                                       |
| polybutene adhesive (e.g., Tanglefoot Bird Repellent7)                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. For applications of pesticides (except for avian
> toxicants/deterrents as indicated above) that rate as Class 2 or Class
> 3 in the Small Avian or Gallinaceous Avian toxicity groups, the
> following buffer zones should be used near species habitat of
> seed-eating or grit-eating migratory birds until the birds have
> abandoned the area.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 30 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 30 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet \*  | 80 feet \*  | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

> 9\. To protect small migratory birds that will not eat granular,
> pellet, or treated seed formulations (insect-eating species such as
> flycatchers, swallows, warblers, woodpeckers, wrens, etc.), the
> Service recommends ---
>
> a\. Applicators should not use the following avian
> toxicants/deterrents or any other avian toxicant/deterrent in areas
> where migratory birds (other than pest species) may be affected.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| aminopyridine (e.g., Avitrol7)                                        |
|                                                                       |
| chloro-p-toludine hydrochloride (e.g., CPTH, DRC-1339, Starlicide7)   |
|                                                                       |
| fenthion (e.g., Rid-A-Bird7)                                          |
|                                                                       |
| polybutene adhesive (e.g., Tanglefoot Bird Repellent7)                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. For applications of pesticides (except for avian
> toxicants/deterrents as indicated above) that rate as Class 2 or Class
> 3 in the Small Avian toxicity group, the following buffer zones should
> be used near species habitat of insect-eating migratory birds until
> birds have abandoned the area.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | none        | None        | none        |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*  | 150 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if a    |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

10\. To protect geese, the Service recommends ---

> Applicators should adjust seasonal use of pesticides that rate as
> Class 2 or Class 3 in the Waterfowl Avian toxicity group in areas
> where geese concentrate and avoid using these pesticides in these
> areas until birds have migrated for the season. Applications with
> Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides near nests of geese should have the
> following buffer zones until nests have been abandoned.[^27]

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits, ULV  |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations, |             |             |             |             |
| or dust     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile \* | 1/4 mile \* |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

11\. To protect waterfowl (ducks, grebes, loons, mergansers, etc.) other
than geese, the Service recommends ---

> Applicators should adjust seasonal use of pesticides that rate as
> Class 2 or Class 3 in the Waterfowl Avian toxicity group in areas
> where waterfowl concentrate and avoid using these pesticides in these
> areas until birds have migrated for the season. Applications with
> Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides near waterfowl nests should have the
> following buffer zones until nests have been abandoned.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 60 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 30 feet     | 60 feet     | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 100 feet \* | 100 feet \* | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

**4.3.3 Proposed or listed species**

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

12\. To protect species with proposed or designated critical habitat,
the Service recommends ---

> Pesticide use within critical habitat should be kept to a minimum and
> restricted to areas that do not serve as habitat for proposed or
> listed species. For locations of critical habitat, pesticide users can
> (a) check 50 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) § 17.95-17.96 which can
> be found at http://www.gpo.gov or (b) contact the nearest Service
> field office. Federal agencies proposing to authorize, fund, or carry
> out pesticide applications that can adversely modify critical habitat
> (brush control, removal of prey species, etc.) must consult with the
> Service. The county extension service, state agricultural department,
> or nearest Service field office should be consulted for information on
> alternative protection measures for pesticide use inside or adjacent
> to critical habitat when protection measures as specified in the RPR
> cannot be implemented.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

13\. To protect species on refuges, preserves, or public lands that are
not part of the Service refuge system, the Service recommends ---

> Applicators or relevant agencies using pesticides in refuges,
> preserves, or public lands should identify areas where proposed or
> listed species and critical habitat may be affected by pesticide
> applications. If a proposed or listed species or critical habitat is
> present, the nearest Service field office should be consulted prior to
> pesticide application for information on appropriate protection
> measures and any necessary incidental take permit or authorization.
> Federal land managers must consult with the Service before application
> of pesticide on Federal lands that may adversely affect proposed or
> listed species or adversely modify critical habitat.[^28]

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

14\. To protect species inside or adjacent to rights-of-way, the Service
recommends ---

> Applicators or relevant agencies using pesticides in right-of-way
> corridors should identify areas where proposed or listed species and
> critical habitat may be affected. If a proposed or listed species or
> critical habitat is present, the nearest Service field office should
> be consulted for information on appropriate protection measures and
> for any necessary incidental take permit or authorization. To
> determine locations of critical habitat, applicators can (a) check 50
> CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) § 17.94 -17.96 which can be found at
> http://www.gpo.gov or (b) contact the nearest Service field office.
> Pesticide users should determine where remnants of proposed or listed
> species habitat exist in border areas (fence lines, hedgerows, etc.)
> along rights-of-way and implement pesticide protection measures for
> these areas. Applicators using mechanized equipment in right-of-way
> corridors should use either liquid streams or relatively coarse sprays
> to minimize spray drift into species habitat.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

15\. To protect species inside or adjacent to municipal parks, golf
courses, or other managed areas, the Service recommends ---

> Applicators or relevant agencies using pesticides on managed areas
> (golf courses, municipal parks, etc.) in close proximity to proposed
> or listed species or critical habitat should identify areas on the
> facility where these species or critical habitat may be affected by
> facility operations. When pesticides and fertilizers can be
> transported into species habitat by spray drift or surface runoff, use
> of pesticides and fertilizers on the facility should be minimized and
> an integrated pest management (IPM) plan should be developed for the
> facility. Water quality in habitat of aquatic listed species should be
> monitored for habitat adjacent to managed areas, and water quality
> monitoring should also be part of the IPM plan. Pesticide users may
> contact the county extension service for assistance in developing an
> IPM plan.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

16\. To protect below ground or spring-dependent species from aquifer
contamination, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticides with the least acute toxicity and persistence should be
> selected for use near open waterbodies or sensitive geologic features
> such as caves, sinkholes, crevices, etc. A pesticide's potential for
> inducing chronic toxicity in below ground or spring-dependent animal
> species should be considered if (1) treatment involves repeated
> applications, (2) the pesticide is persistent, or (3) a chronic
> condition may occur in these species by a single application of
> pesticide. The ability of a pesticide to leach through the soil should
> also be considered, and highly soluble pesticides should be avoided.
> Nontoxic carrier materials or adjuvants (drift retardants,
> surfactants, etc.) should be used for any application. A determination
> of toxicity should be made for carrier materials or adjuvants through
> informational sources such as container labels or MSDSs (material
> safety data sheets) or by contacting the manufacturer.

b\. Use of pesticides in watersheds with below ground or
spring-dependent species should be minimized including both ground water
and surface water. Pesticides should be applied at minimal rates without
repeated applications. Pesticide operations such as loading, storing,
mixing, and rinsing of containers should be conducted away from springs,
wells, and sensitive geologic features. Applicators should prevent
pesticides from entering (1) ground water of the aquifer via percolation
or leaching or (2) surface water that flows into storm drains or aquifer
recharge features such as caves, sinkholes, crevices, etc. Pesticide
spray drift should be confined to areas of treatment and not be allowed
to move into nontarget areas. Where possible, pesticide applications
should have a vegetated buffer strip of at least 30 feet in drainage
areas of the treated area to minimize pesticide residues in surface
runoff.

> c\. A comprehensive watershed analysis should be conducted by Federal,
> state, or local agencies before implementing pesticide programs for
> control of pests or invasive species in watersheds that potentially
> involve below ground or spring-dependent species. After the watershed
> analysis has been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide
> application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the pesticide
> control program will not impact these species. If a pesticide control
> program can affect underground or spring-dependent species, the
> Service should be consulted for appropriate protection measures and
> for any necessary incidental take authorization or permit.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

17\. To protect species with experimental populations, the Service
recommends ---

> Populations of listed species with experimental status should be
> located in areas of release before application of pesticides that can
> affect these species. Pesticide users should contact the nearest
> Service field office for applications involving (a) essential
> experimental populations on either public or private lands or (b)
> nonessential experimental populations in National Parks or National
> Wildlife Refuges. The Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
> treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
> incidental take authorization or permit. Additional special rules may
> also apply (see 50 CFR \[Code of Federal Regulations\] § 17.8, which
> can be found at http://www.gpo.gov).

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

18\. To protect cat species (e.g., jaguar, jaguarundi, or ocelot), the
Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
> Service protocols before application of any predator/rodent control
> agent inside or close to species habitat.[^29] Pesticide users should
> contact the nearest Service field office for information on survey
> protocols. A scientific permit should be obtained from the Service
> before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been conducted,
> further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit.
>
> b\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~ or 2~sp~) in the Predatory
> Mammal toxicity group should not be used within 3 miles of occupied
> habitat as defined by a Service-approved survey.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium fluoroacetate zinc phosphide        |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied habitat or the 3-mile buffer zone  |
| if (1) treatment is approved by the Service, (2) the pesticide is     |
| applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent      |
| colony, and (3) all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

19\. To protect insect-eating bat species (e.g., gray bat, Indiana bat,
or Ozark big-eared bat), the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the species before application of pesticide in the
> immediate vicinity of potential bat roosting sites in caves or mines.
> If a survey for the species is necessary, survey protocols and a
> scientific permit should be obtained from the Service. Further
> restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service
> concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. If a roosting
> site is occupied, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
> treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
> incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. For pesticide applications involving species habitat, measures to
protect the species are:

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides that are rated as
Class 0 or Class 1 in the Small Mammal toxicity group. Applicators using
these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for proposed or
listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a result of
pesticide application.

> ♦ Pesticides rated as Class 2 in the Small Mammal toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones from (1) any entrance of an
> occupied roost or (2) a potential roost site that has not been
> surveyed.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 1½-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site if |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site if |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

20\. To protect nectar-eating bat species (e.g., lesser (Sanborn=s)
long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat), the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the species before application of pesticide in the
> immediate vicinity of potential bat roosting sites in hollow trees,
> caves, mines, or culverts. If a survey for the species is necessary,
> survey protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained from the
> Service. Further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary
> if the Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species.
> If a roosting site is occupied, the Service should be consulted prior
> to pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. For pesticide applications involving species habitat, measures to
protect the species are:

♦ Pesticide users applying herbicides (Class D, M, or NS) on rangeland
areas with agave, century plants, or columnar cacti that are within 40
miles of a known bat roosting site should contact the Service for
information on appropriate protection measures if the area of
application is greater than five acres. Spot or mechanized ground
applications of herbicides in existing rights-of-way ordinarily do not
require protection measures unless agave, century plants, or columnar
cacti are substantially involved.

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides that are rated as
Class 0 or Class 1 in the Small Mammal toxicity group. Applicators using
these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for proposed or
listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a result of
pesticide application.

♦ Pesticides rated as Class 2 in the Small Mammal toxicity group should
have the following buffer zones from (1) any entrance of an occupied
roost or (2) a potential roost site that has not been surveyed.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | None        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 1½-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site if |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     site if |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

21\. To protect small mammal species (e.g., Hualapai Mexican vole or
Mount Graham red squirrel), the Service recommends ---

a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent to
species habitat. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
field office for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species survey.
After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide
application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. For pesticide applications involving occupied habitat or species
habitat that has not been surveyed, measures to protect the species are:

♦ Buffer zones at the edge of species habitat are usually unnecessary
for non-herbicidal pesticides (e.g., fungicides) rated as Class 0 in the
Small Mammal toxicity group. Applicators using these pesticides should
make sure that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not
occur inside species habitat as a result of pesticide application.

♦ The following buffer zones should be implemented at the edge of
species habitat for (1) herbicides that rate as either Class 0 or Class
1 in the Small Mammal toxicity group and (2) any non-herbicidal
pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the Small Mammal toxicity group.

+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Buffer Zones   | Spot      | Mechanized  | Low aerial | High       |
| ^1^            |           | ground      | ap         | aerial     |
|                | app       | a           | plications | ap         |
|                | lications | pplications | ^3^        | plications |
|                | ^2^       |             |            | ^3^        |
+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| All            | 1/8 mile  | 1/8 mile    | 1/8 mile   | 1/8 mile   |
| formulations   |           |             |            |            |
| other than ULV |           |             |            |            |
| or dust        |           |             |            |            |
| formulations   |           |             |            |            |
+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| ULV or dust    | 1/8 mile  | 1/8 mile    | 1/8 mile   | 1/4 mile   |
| formulations   |           |             |            |            |
| ^4^            |           |             |            |            |
+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Notes:         |           |             |            |            |
|                |           |             |            |            |
| 1 A buffer     |           |             |            |            |
| zone is the    |           |             |            |            |
| distance       |           |             |            |            |
| between the    |           |             |            |            |
| boundary of    |           |             |            |            |
| the area       |           |             |            |            |
| requiring      |           |             |            |            |
| protection and |           |             |            |            |
| the closest    |           |             |            |            |
| point of the   |           |             |            |            |
| last spot      |           |             |            |            |
| application or |           |             |            |            |
| application    |           |             |            |            |
| swath. Border  |           |             |            |            |
| areas          |           |             |            |            |
| (roadways,     |           |             |            |            |
| fence lines,   |           |             |            |            |
| canal dikes,   |           |             |            |            |
| etc.) may be   |           |             |            |            |
| used as part   |           |             |            |            |
| of a buffer    |           |             |            |            |
| zone if the    |           |             |            |            |
| border area    |           |             |            |            |
| itself does    |           |             |            |            |
| not involve    |           |             |            |            |
| species        |           |             |            |            |
| habitat or a   |           |             |            |            |
| sensitive      |           |             |            |            |
| area. Standard |           |             |            |            |
| weather        |           |             |            |            |
| conditions for |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide      |           |             |            |            |
| application    |           |             |            |            |
| (i.e., no      |           |             |            |            |
| temperature    |           |             |            |            |
| inversions,    |           |             |            |            |
| wind speeds    |           |             |            |            |
| between 3 to   |           |             |            |            |
| 10 miles per   |           |             |            |            |
| hour, and no   |           |             |            |            |
| rainfall for   |           |             |            |            |
| 48 hours)      |           |             |            |            |
| should be      |           |             |            |            |
| followed when  |           |             |            |            |
| implementing   |           |             |            |            |
| recommended    |           |             |            |            |
| buffer zones.  |           |             |            |            |
|                |           |             |            |            |
| 2 Spot         |           |             |            |            |
| applications   |           |             |            |            |
| include        |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide      |           |             |            |            |
| applications   |           |             |            |            |
| by (1)         |           |             |            |            |
| hand-operated  |           |             |            |            |
| equipment or   |           |             |            |            |
| (2) a spray    |           |             |            |            |
| gun that       |           |             |            |            |
| discharges     |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide in   |           |             |            |            |
| liquid streams |           |             |            |            |
| from a spray   |           |             |            |            |
| tank.          |           |             |            |            |
|                |           |             |            |            |
| 3 Low and high |           |             |            |            |
| aerial         |           |             |            |            |
| applications   |           |             |            |            |
| (respectively, |           |             |            |            |
| aerial         |           |             |            |            |
| applications   |           |             |            |            |
| either less    |           |             |            |            |
| than 10 feet   |           |             |            |            |
| or greater     |           |             |            |            |
| than 10 feet)  |           |             |            |            |
| are relative   |           |             |            |            |
| to the height  |           |             |            |            |
| of the nozzles |           |             |            |            |
| or spreaders   |           |             |            |            |
| above (1) the  |           |             |            |            |
| canopy of the  |           |             |            |            |
| field crop or  |           |             |            |            |
| native plant   |           |             |            |            |
| community or   |           |             |            |            |
| (2) a bare     |           |             |            |            |
| ground         |           |             |            |            |
| surface. In    |           |             |            |            |
| grassland or   |           |             |            |            |
| semi-open      |           |             |            |            |
| plant          |           |             |            |            |
| communities    |           |             |            |            |
| (shrubland,    |           |             |            |            |
| woodland,      |           |             |            |            |
| etc.) with     |           |             |            |            |
| more than 40   |           |             |            |            |
| percent grass  |           |             |            |            |
| cover, the top |           |             |            |            |
| of the grass   |           |             |            |            |
| canopy should  |           |             |            |            |
| be used to     |           |             |            |            |
| determine      |           |             |            |            |
| whether an     |           |             |            |            |
| aerial         |           |             |            |            |
| application is |           |             |            |            |
| low or high.   |           |             |            |            |
| For forested   |           |             |            |            |
| lands or dense |           |             |            |            |
| shrubland with |           |             |            |            |
| less than 40   |           |             |            |            |
| percent grass  |           |             |            |            |
| cover, the     |           |             |            |            |
| tops of trees  |           |             |            |            |
| or shrubs      |           |             |            |            |
| should be used |           |             |            |            |
| in determining |           |             |            |            |
| whether        |           |             |            |            |
| applications   |           |             |            |            |
| are low or     |           |             |            |            |
| high.          |           |             |            |            |
|                |           |             |            |            |
| 4 ULV (ultra   |           |             |            |            |
| low volume)    |           |             |            |            |
| refers to      |           |             |            |            |
| liquid         |           |             |            |            |
| formulations   |           |             |            |            |
| applied at a   |           |             |            |            |
| rate of 1/2    |           |             |            |            |
| gallon or less |           |             |            |            |
| per acre.      |           |             |            |            |
+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in the Small Mammal toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones from the edge of species
> habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV or dust |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

22\. To protect bird species that may eat granular, pellet, or treated
seed formulations, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
> Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent
> to species habitat. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
> field office for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
> should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species
> survey. After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on
> pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the
> habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat
> that has not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to
> pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. Applicators should use at least a 1-mile buffer zone at the edge of
species habitat when applying the following avian toxicants/deterrents
or any other avian toxicant/deterrent.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| aminopyridine (e.g., Avitrol7)                                        |
|                                                                       |
| chloro-p-toludine hydrochloride (e.g., CPTH, DRC-1339, Starlicide7)   |
|                                                                       |
| fenthion (e.g., Rid-A-Bird7)                                          |
|                                                                       |
| polybutene adhesive (e.g., Tanglefoot Bird Repellent7)                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. Applicators should use the following buffer zones for application
> of pesticides other than avian toxicants/deterrents as indicated
> above. Recommended buffer zones should be implemented for areas that
> are (1) adjacent to (but not within) occupied habitat or (2) species
> habitat that has not been surveyed.
>
> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides (except for
> avian toxicants/deterrents) that are rated as Class 0 in the species'
> toxicity group. Applicators using these pesticides should make sure
> that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not occur
> inside species habitat as a result of pesticide application.

♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as Class
1 in the species' toxicity group should have the following buffer zones
when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 30 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*  | 150 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   A       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     using   |             |             |             |             |
|     these   |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as
> Class 2 in this species' toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 40 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 90 feet     | 90 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets, or |             |             |             |             |
| treated     |             |             |             |             |
| seeds are   |             |             |             |             |
| completely  |             |             |             |             |
| covered by  |             |             |             |             |
| soil for up |             |             |             |             |
| to 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| edge of the |             |             |             |             |
| area to be  |             |             |             |             |
| protected.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as
> Class 3 in this species' toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet \*  | 100 feet \* | 100 feet    | 100 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 450 feet H§ | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 250 feet H  | 250 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets, or |             |             |             |             |
| treated     |             |             |             |             |
| seeds are   |             |             |             |             |
| completely  |             |             |             |             |
| covered by  |             |             |             |             |
| soil for up |             |             |             |             |
| to 100 feet |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| edge of the |             |             |             |             |
| area to be  |             |             |             |             |
| protected.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

23\. To protect bird species that will not eat granular, pellet, or
treated seed formulations (e.g., black-capped vireo, golden-cheeked
warbler, or Southwestern willow flycatcher), the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
> Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent
> to species habitat. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
> field office for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
> should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species
> survey. After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on
> pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the
> habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat
> that has not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to
> pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. Applicators should use at least a 1-mile buffer zone at the edge of
species habitat when applying the following avian toxicants/deterrents
or any other avian toxicant/deterrent.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| aminopyridine (e.g., Avitrol7)                                        |
|                                                                       |
| chloro-p-toludine hydrochloride (e.g., CPTH, DRC-1339, Starlicide7)   |
|                                                                       |
| fenthion (e.g., Rid-A-Bird7)                                          |
|                                                                       |
| polybutene adhesive (e.g., Tanglefoot Bird Repellent7)                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use the following buffer zones for application of
pesticides other than avian toxicants/deterrents as indicated above.
Recommended buffer zones should be implemented for areas that are (1)
adjacent to (but not within) occupied habitat or (2) species habitat
that has not been surveyed.

> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides (except for
> avian toxicants/deterrents) that are rated as Class 0 in the species'
> toxicity group. Applicators using these pesticides should make sure
> that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not occur
> inside species habitat as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as
> Class 1 in the species' toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | 30 feet \*  | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*  | 150 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 1½-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as
> Class 2 in this species' toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 1½-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40percent   |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for avian toxicants/deterrents) that rate as
> Class 3 in this species' toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 90 feet     | 90 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 450 feet H§ | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 250 feet H  | 250 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 1½-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

24\. To protect habitat-restricted animal species (e.g., Kanab
ambersnail), the Service recommends ---

a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent to
species habitat. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
field office for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species survey.
After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide
application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
incidental take authorization or permit.

> b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
> habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, measures to
> protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for non-herbicidal pesticides
> (e.g., fungicides) that are rated as Class 0 in the species' toxicity
> group and are also rated as Class 0 or Class 1 in the food toxicity
> group(s) of the species. Applicators using these pesticides should
> make sure that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not
> occur inside species habitat as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the species' toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of
> species habitat. The buffer zones should also be used for pesticides
> that rate as (1) Class D, (2) Class M, (3) Class NS, or (4) either
> Class 2 or Class 3 in the food toxicity group(s) of the species but
> are not rated higher than Class 1 in the species' toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | 30 feet \*  | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*  | 150 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in this species= toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of
> species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 3 in this species= toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of
> species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 90 feet     | 90 feet     |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet \*  | 90 feet \*  | 450 feet H§ | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 250 feet H  | 250 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    proposed |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     listed  |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  components |             |             |             |             |
|     (nests, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    roosting |             |             |             |             |
|     sites,  |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  documented |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     90 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

25\. To protect habitat-unrestricted animal species (e.g., New Mexican
ridge-nosed rattlesnake), the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
> Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent
> to species habitat. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
> field office for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
> should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species
> survey. After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on
> pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the
> habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat
> that has not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to
> pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. For pesticide applications inside occupied habitat or species
> habitat that has not been surveyed, measures to protect the species
> are:
>
> ♦ Protection measures are usually unnecessary for pesticides rated as
> Class 0 in the species' toxicity group when these pesticides are
> applied inside occupied habitat or un-surveyed habitat. Applicators
> using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for
> proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a
> result of pesticide application.

♦ A pesticide should not be used inside occupied or un-surveyed habitat
if the pesticide rates as Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 in the species'
toxicity group. A possible exception is the use of fire ant bait
formulations which may be applied inside or adjacent to occupied or
un-surveyed habitat of proposed or listed species. Fire ant formulations
may be used if (1) the proposed or listed species are not arthropods or
mollusks and (2) prey or pollinators of proposed or listed species will
not be impacted.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

26\. To protect animal species in small aquatic habitat or shallows of
large waterbodies, the Service recommends ---

a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent to
waterbodies and wetlands that serve as species habitat. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. A scientific permit should be obtained from the
Service before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been
conducted, further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary
if the Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species.
For occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
protection measures and for any necessary incidental take authorization
or permit. The Service should also be consulted before implementation of
a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive species within 1
mile of aquatic habitat of the species.

b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside waterbodies or
wetlands serving as species habitat unless approved by the Service. This
includes (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream
from the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring
run. Downstream from the habitat area, these aquatic pesticides should
not be applied any closer than 300 feet.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use the following buffer zones for application of
pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands that serve as
species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used for (1) all of
the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from the habitat area
in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run. The buffer zones
should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream from species
habitat.

♦ Pesticides that rate as either Class 0 or Class 1 in either the
species' toxicity group or food toxicity group(s) of the species should
have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of the
waterbody or wetland to be protected.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 30 feet \*  | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 30 feet \*  | 350 feet H§ | 450 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 400 feet §  | 400 feet §  | 1/8 mile §  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 10 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if (1) the  |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is approved |             |             |             |             |
| by the      |             |             |             |             |
| Service and |             |             |             |             |
| (2) the     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by          |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| † These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by a        |             |             |             |             |
| sprayer     |             |             |             |             |
| with low    |             |             |             |             |
| pressure    |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles     |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| deliver a   |             |             |             |             |
| spray       |             |             |             |             |
| ranging     |             |             |             |             |
| from coarse |             |             |             |             |
| to very     |             |             |             |             |
| coarse in   |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| size.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in either the species' toxicity
> group or in the food toxicity group of the species should have the
> following buffer zones when applied at the edge of the waterbody or
> wetland to be protected.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet    | 450 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 3 in either the species' toxicity group
or in the food toxicity group of the species should have the following
buffer zones when applied at the edge of the waterbody or wetland to be
protected.

+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer Zones | Spot      | Mechanized   | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| ^1^          |           | ground       | a           | a           |
|              | app       | applications | pplications | pplications |
|              | lications |              | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|              | ^2^       |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid        | 100 feet  | 350 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^4^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid       | 100 feet  | 400 feet     | 1/8 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^5^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust  | 500 feet  | 500 feet     | 1/4 mile    | 3/4 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^6^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 1 A buffer   |           |              |             |             |
| zone is the  |           |              |             |             |
| distance     |           |              |             |             |
| between the  |           |              |             |             |
| boundary of  |           |              |             |             |
| the area     |           |              |             |             |
| requiring    |           |              |             |             |
| protection   |           |              |             |             |
| and the      |           |              |             |             |
| closest      |           |              |             |             |
| point of the |           |              |             |             |
| last spot    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| or           |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| swath.       |           |              |             |             |
| Border areas |           |              |             |             |
| (roadways,   |           |              |             |             |
| fence lines, |           |              |             |             |
| canal dikes, |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) may be |           |              |             |             |
| used as part |           |              |             |             |
| of a buffer  |           |              |             |             |
| zone if the  |           |              |             |             |
| border area  |           |              |             |             |
| itself does  |           |              |             |             |
| not involve  |           |              |             |             |
| species      |           |              |             |             |
| habitat or a |           |              |             |             |
| sensitive    |           |              |             |             |
| area.        |           |              |             |             |
| Standard     |           |              |             |             |
| weather      |           |              |             |             |
| conditions   |           |              |             |             |
| for          |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| (i.e., no    |           |              |             |             |
| temperature  |           |              |             |             |
| inversions,  |           |              |             |             |
| wind speeds  |           |              |             |             |
| between 3 to |           |              |             |             |
| 10 miles per |           |              |             |             |
| hour, and no |           |              |             |             |
| rainfall for |           |              |             |             |
| 48 hours)    |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| followed     |           |              |             |             |
| when         |           |              |             |             |
| implementing |           |              |             |             |
| recommended  |           |              |             |             |
| buffer       |           |              |             |             |
| zones.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 2 Spot       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| by (1)       |           |              |             |             |
| h            |           |              |             |             |
| and-operated |           |              |             |             |
| equipment or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a spray  |           |              |             |             |
| gun that     |           |              |             |             |
| discharges   |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide in |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| streams from |           |              |             |             |
| a spray      |           |              |             |             |
| tank.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 3 Low and    |           |              |             |             |
| high aerial  |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| (r           |           |              |             |             |
| espectively, |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| either less  |           |              |             |             |
| than 10 feet |           |              |             |             |
| or greater   |           |              |             |             |
| than 10      |           |              |             |             |
| feet) are    |           |              |             |             |
| relative to  |           |              |             |             |
| the height   |           |              |             |             |
| of the       |           |              |             |             |
| nozzles or   |           |              |             |             |
| spreaders    |           |              |             |             |
| above (1)    |           |              |             |             |
| the canopy   |           |              |             |             |
| of the field |           |              |             |             |
| crop or      |           |              |             |             |
| native plant |           |              |             |             |
| community or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a bare   |           |              |             |             |
| ground       |           |              |             |             |
| surface. In  |           |              |             |             |
| grassland or |           |              |             |             |
| semi-open    |           |              |             |             |
| plant        |           |              |             |             |
| communities  |           |              |             |             |
| (shrubland,  |           |              |             |             |
| woodland,    |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) with   |           |              |             |             |
| more than 40 |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the top of   |           |              |             |             |
| the grass    |           |              |             |             |
| canopy       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used to      |           |              |             |             |
| determine    |           |              |             |             |
| whether an   |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| is low or    |           |              |             |             |
| high. For    |           |              |             |             |
| forested     |           |              |             |             |
| lands or     |           |              |             |             |
| dense        |           |              |             |             |
| shrubland    |           |              |             |             |
| with less    |           |              |             |             |
| than 40      |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the tops of  |           |              |             |             |
| trees or     |           |              |             |             |
| shrubs       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used in      |           |              |             |             |
| determining  |           |              |             |             |
| whether      |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| are low or   |           |              |             |             |
| high.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 4 Solid      |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| baits,       |           |              |             |             |
| granules,    |           |              |             |             |
| pellets, and |           |              |             |             |
| treated seed |           |              |             |             |
| but do not   |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| dusts.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 5 Liquid     |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include any  |           |              |             |             |
| type of      |           |              |             |             |
| liquid-based |           |              |             |             |
| formulation  |           |              |             |             |
| other than   |           |              |             |             |
| ULV          |           |              |             |             |
| f            |           |              |             |             |
| ormulations. |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 6 ULV (ultra |           |              |             |             |
| low volume)  |           |              |             |             |
| refers to    |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| applied at a |           |              |             |             |
| rate of 1/2  |           |              |             |             |
| gallon or    |           |              |             |             |
| less per     |           |              |             |             |
| acre.        |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

27\. To protect animal species in large aquatic habitat, the Service
recommends ---

a\. A survey should be conducted for the species in accordance with
Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or adjacent to
waterbodies and wetlands that serve as species habitat. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. A scientific permit should be obtained from the
Service before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been
conducted, further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary
if the Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species.
For occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
protection measures and for any necessary incidental take authorization
or permit. The Service should also be consulted before implementation of
a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive species within 1
mile of aquatic habitat of the species.

b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside waterbodies or
wetlands serving as species habitat unless approved by the Service. This
includes (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1/2 mile upstream
from the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring
run. Downstream from the habitat area, these aquatic pesticides should
not be applied any closer than 300 feet.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use the following buffer zones for application of
pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands that serve as
species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used for (1) all of
the habitat area and (2) at least 1/2 mile upstream from the habitat
area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run. The buffer
zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream from
species habitat.

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides rated as Class 0
in this species= toxicity group when these pesticides are applied at the
edge of the waterbody or wetland to be protected. Applicators using
these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for proposed or
listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a result of
pesticide application.

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in this species= toxicity group should
have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of the
waterbody or wetland to be protected.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet \*H | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet \* | 150 feet \* | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in this species= toxicity
group should have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge of
the waterbody or wetland to be protected.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 200 feet \* | 200 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 100 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     100     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

28\. To protect Comal River species (Comal Springs riffle beetle and
fountain darter), the Service recommends ---

> Application of pesticide inside the following Pesticide Sensitive Area
> should have the protection measures indicated below. If protection
> measures for a pesticide application within the Pesticide Sensitive
> Area cannot be implemented, the pesticide user should contact the
> Austin field office of the Service at 512-490-0057 for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit. The Service should also be consulted before
> implementation of a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive
> species inside the Pesticide Sensitive Area.

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  County        Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Comal County, The area within 1/8 mile of Landa Lake, Blieders Creek,
  Texas         Dry Comal Creek, Panther Canyon draw, and all of the
                Comal River to the Guadalupe River confluence
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

> a\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
> other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
> aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside species
> habitat unless approved by the Service. This includes any tributary or
> spring run within 1/2 mile of the Pesticide Sensitive Area defined
> above.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
> application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
> that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
> for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1/2 mile upstream
> from the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or
> spring run. The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300
> feet downstream from species habitat.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in the Cold Water Fish or
> Aquatic Arthropod toxicity groups should have the following buffer
> zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or aquifer recharge
> feature (cave, sinkhole, crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide Sensitive
> Area defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet \*H | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet \* | 150 feet \* | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in either the Cold Water
> Fish or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity groups should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or aquifer
> recharge feature (cave, sinkhole, crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide
> Sensitive Area defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 200 feet \* | 200 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 80 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     80 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

29\. To protect Diamond Y Draw species (Leon Springs pupfish, Pecos
gambusia, and Pecos sunflower), the Service recommends ---

> Application of pesticide inside the following Pesticide Sensitive Area
> should have the protection measures indicated below. If protection
> measures for a pesticide application within the Pesticide Sensitive
> Area cannot be implemented, the pesticide user should contact the
> Austin field office of the Service at 512-490-0057 for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit. The Service should also be consulted before
> implementation of a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive
> species inside the Pesticide Sensitive Area.

  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  County       Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Pecos        The area covered by Leon Creek, Diamond Y Draw, Diamond Y
  County,      Spring, Gonzalez Spring, and their associated wetlands or
  Texas        spring runs up to 2 miles east of the crossing of State
               Highway 18 over Diamond Y Draw.
  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

> a\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
> other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
> aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside species
> habitat unless approved by the Service. This includes any waterbody or
> wetland within 1 mile of the Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

b\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from
the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run.
The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream
from species habitat.

> ♦ Pesticides (except for Class D herbicides) that rate as either Class
> 0 or Class 1 in both the Warm Water Fish toxicity group and Aquatic
> Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
> applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland within the Pesticide
> Sensitive Area defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 30 feet     | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 30 feet     | 350 feet    | 450 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 400 feet    | 400 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity
> group or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group should have the following
> buffer zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland
> within the Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above. The buffer zones
> should also be used for pesticides that rate as Class D, M, or NS but
> are not rated higher than Class 2 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity
> group or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet \* | 450 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 3 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity group
or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer
zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland within the
Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 100 feet    | 400 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 500 feet    | 500 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

30\. To protect San Marcos River species (Comal Springs riffle beetle,
fountain darter, San Marcos gambusia, San Marcos salamander, and Texas
wild-rice), the Service recommends ---

> Application of pesticides inside the following Pesticide Sensitive
> Area should have the protection measures indicated below. If
> protection measures for a pesticide application within the Pesticide
> Sensitive Area cannot be implemented, the pesticide user should
> contact the Austin field office of the Service at 512-490-0057 for
> appropriate protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit. The Service should also be consulted before
> implementation of a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive
> species inside the Pesticide Sensitive Area.

  ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------
  County      Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Hays        The area within 1/8 mile of Spring Lake, Purgatory Creek,
  County,     Sessom Creek, Sink Creek, and all of the upper San Marcos
  Texas       River to the Blanco River confluence.
  ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------

a\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
aquatic herbicides, and mosquito control agents, etc.) inside species
habitat unless approved by the Service. This includes any tributary or
spring run within 1/2 mile of the Pesticide Sensitive Area defined
above.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

b\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1/2 mile upstream from
the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run.
The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream
from species habitat.

♦ Pesticides (including Class D herbicides) that rate as Class 0 or
Class 1 in the Aquatic Amphibian, Cold Water Fish, Warm Water Fish, or
Aquatic Arthropod toxicity groups should have the following buffer zones
when applied at the edge of any waterbody or aquifer recharge feature
(cave, sinkhole, crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide Sensitive Area
defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet \*H | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    crevice, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as (1) Class 2 or Class 3 in any of the Aquatic
Amphibian, Cold Water Fish, Warm Water Fish, or Aquatic Arthropod
toxicity groups, (2) Class M, or (3) Class NS should have the following
buffer zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or aquifer
recharge feature (cave, sinkhole, crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide
Sensitive Area defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 200 feet H  | 200 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 80 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     80 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    crevice, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

31\. To protect Toyah Creek species (Comanche Springs pupfish, Pecos
gambusia, and Pecos sunflower), the Service recommends ---

> Application of pesticides inside the following Pesticide Sensitive
> Areas should have the protection measures indicated below. If
> protection measures for a pesticide application within a Pesticide
> Sensitive Area cannot be implemented, the pesticide user should
> contact the Austin field office of the Service at 512-490-0057 for
> appropriate protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit. The Service should also be consulted before
> implementation of a pesticide program for control of pests or invasive
> species inside a Pesticide Sensitive Area.

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  County        Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Jeff Davis    The area within 1/2 mile of the spring outlet for Phantom
  County, Texas Lake Spring (N30^o^56'06", W103^o^50'58").

  Reeves        The area within 1/2 mile of the spring outlets for San
  County, Texas Solomon Spring (N30^o^56'40", W103^o^47'08"), Giffin
                Spring (N30^o^56'45", W103^o^47'23"), and East Sandia
                Spring (N30^o^59'28", W103^o^43'44").
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

a\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside species
habitat unless approved by the Service. This includes any waterbody or
wetland within 1 mile of the Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

b\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from
the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run.
The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream
from species habitat.

♦ Pesticides (except for Class D herbicides) that rate as either Class 0
or Class 1 in both the Warm Water Fish toxicity group and Aquatic
Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland within the Pesticide
Sensitive Area defined above.

+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer Zones | Spot      | Mechanized   | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| ^1^          |           | ground       | a           | a           |
|              | app       | applications | pplications | pplications |
|              | lications |              | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|              | ^2^       |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid        | 30 feet   | 300 feet     | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^4^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid       | 30 feet   | 350 feet     | 450 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^5^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust  | 400 feet  | 400 feet     | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^6^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 1 A buffer   |           |              |             |             |
| zone is the  |           |              |             |             |
| distance     |           |              |             |             |
| between the  |           |              |             |             |
| boundary of  |           |              |             |             |
| the area     |           |              |             |             |
| requiring    |           |              |             |             |
| protection   |           |              |             |             |
| and the      |           |              |             |             |
| closest      |           |              |             |             |
| point of the |           |              |             |             |
| last spot    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| or           |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| swath.       |           |              |             |             |
| Border areas |           |              |             |             |
| (roadways,   |           |              |             |             |
| fence lines, |           |              |             |             |
| canal dikes, |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) may be |           |              |             |             |
| used as part |           |              |             |             |
| of a buffer  |           |              |             |             |
| zone if the  |           |              |             |             |
| border area  |           |              |             |             |
| itself does  |           |              |             |             |
| not involve  |           |              |             |             |
| species      |           |              |             |             |
| habitat or a |           |              |             |             |
| sensitive    |           |              |             |             |
| area.        |           |              |             |             |
| Standard     |           |              |             |             |
| weather      |           |              |             |             |
| conditions   |           |              |             |             |
| for          |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| (i.e., no    |           |              |             |             |
| temperature  |           |              |             |             |
| inversions,  |           |              |             |             |
| wind speeds  |           |              |             |             |
| between 3 to |           |              |             |             |
| 10 miles per |           |              |             |             |
| hour, and no |           |              |             |             |
| rainfall for |           |              |             |             |
| 48 hours)    |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| followed     |           |              |             |             |
| when         |           |              |             |             |
| implementing |           |              |             |             |
| recommended  |           |              |             |             |
| buffer       |           |              |             |             |
| zones.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 2 Spot       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| by (1)       |           |              |             |             |
| h            |           |              |             |             |
| and-operated |           |              |             |             |
| equipment or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a spray  |           |              |             |             |
| gun that     |           |              |             |             |
| discharges   |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide in |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| streams from |           |              |             |             |
| a spray      |           |              |             |             |
| tank.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 3 Low and    |           |              |             |             |
| high aerial  |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| (r           |           |              |             |             |
| espectively, |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| either less  |           |              |             |             |
| than 10 feet |           |              |             |             |
| or greater   |           |              |             |             |
| than 10      |           |              |             |             |
| feet) are    |           |              |             |             |
| relative to  |           |              |             |             |
| the height   |           |              |             |             |
| of the       |           |              |             |             |
| nozzles or   |           |              |             |             |
| spreaders    |           |              |             |             |
| above (1)    |           |              |             |             |
| the canopy   |           |              |             |             |
| of the field |           |              |             |             |
| crop or      |           |              |             |             |
| native plant |           |              |             |             |
| community or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a bare   |           |              |             |             |
| ground       |           |              |             |             |
| surface. In  |           |              |             |             |
| grassland or |           |              |             |             |
| semi-open    |           |              |             |             |
| plant        |           |              |             |             |
| communities  |           |              |             |             |
| (shrubland,  |           |              |             |             |
| woodland,    |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) with   |           |              |             |             |
| more than 40 |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the top of   |           |              |             |             |
| the grass    |           |              |             |             |
| canopy       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used to      |           |              |             |             |
| determine    |           |              |             |             |
| whether an   |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| is low or    |           |              |             |             |
| high. For    |           |              |             |             |
| forested     |           |              |             |             |
| lands or     |           |              |             |             |
| dense        |           |              |             |             |
| shrubland    |           |              |             |             |
| with less    |           |              |             |             |
| than 40      |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the tops of  |           |              |             |             |
| trees or     |           |              |             |             |
| shrubs       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used in      |           |              |             |             |
| determining  |           |              |             |             |
| whether      |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| are low or   |           |              |             |             |
| high.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 4 Solid      |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| baits,       |           |              |             |             |
| granules,    |           |              |             |             |
| pellets, and |           |              |             |             |
| treated seed |           |              |             |             |
| but do not   |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| dusts.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 5 Liquid     |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include any  |           |              |             |             |
| type of      |           |              |             |             |
| liquid-based |           |              |             |             |
| formulation  |           |              |             |             |
| other than   |           |              |             |             |
| ULV          |           |              |             |             |
| f            |           |              |             |             |
| ormulations. |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 6 ULV (ultra |           |              |             |             |
| low volume)  |           |              |             |             |
| refers to    |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| applied at a |           |              |             |             |
| rate of 1/2  |           |              |             |             |
| gallon or    |           |              |             |             |
| less per     |           |              |             |             |
| acre.        |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity group
or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer
zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland within the
Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above. The buffer zones should also be
used for pesticides that rate as Class D but are not rated higher than
Class 2 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity group or Aquatic Arthropod
toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet    | 450 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 3 in the Warm Water Fish toxicity group
or Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer
zones when applied at the edge of any waterbody or wetland within the
Pesticide Sensitive Area defined above.

+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer Zones | Spot      | Mechanized   | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| ^1^          |           | ground       | a           | a           |
|              | app       | applications | pplications | pplications |
|              | lications |              | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|              | ^2^       |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid        | 100 feet  | 350 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^4^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid       | 100 feet  | 400 feet     | 1/8 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^5^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust  | 500 feet  | 500 feet     | 1/4 mile    | 3/4 mile    |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^6^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 1 A buffer   |           |              |             |             |
| zone is the  |           |              |             |             |
| distance     |           |              |             |             |
| between the  |           |              |             |             |
| boundary of  |           |              |             |             |
| the area     |           |              |             |             |
| requiring    |           |              |             |             |
| protection   |           |              |             |             |
| and the      |           |              |             |             |
| closest      |           |              |             |             |
| point of the |           |              |             |             |
| last spot    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| or           |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| swath.       |           |              |             |             |
| Border areas |           |              |             |             |
| (roadways,   |           |              |             |             |
| fence lines, |           |              |             |             |
| canal dikes, |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) may be |           |              |             |             |
| used as part |           |              |             |             |
| of a buffer  |           |              |             |             |
| zone if the  |           |              |             |             |
| border area  |           |              |             |             |
| itself does  |           |              |             |             |
| not involve  |           |              |             |             |
| species      |           |              |             |             |
| habitat or a |           |              |             |             |
| sensitive    |           |              |             |             |
| area.        |           |              |             |             |
| Standard     |           |              |             |             |
| weather      |           |              |             |             |
| conditions   |           |              |             |             |
| for          |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| (i.e., no    |           |              |             |             |
| temperature  |           |              |             |             |
| inversions,  |           |              |             |             |
| wind speeds  |           |              |             |             |
| between 3 to |           |              |             |             |
| 10 miles per |           |              |             |             |
| hour, and no |           |              |             |             |
| rainfall for |           |              |             |             |
| 48 hours)    |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| followed     |           |              |             |             |
| when         |           |              |             |             |
| implementing |           |              |             |             |
| recommended  |           |              |             |             |
| buffer       |           |              |             |             |
| zones.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 2 Spot       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| by (1)       |           |              |             |             |
| h            |           |              |             |             |
| and-operated |           |              |             |             |
| equipment or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a spray  |           |              |             |             |
| gun that     |           |              |             |             |
| discharges   |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide in |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| streams from |           |              |             |             |
| a spray      |           |              |             |             |
| tank.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 3 Low and    |           |              |             |             |
| high aerial  |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| (r           |           |              |             |             |
| espectively, |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| either less  |           |              |             |             |
| than 10 feet |           |              |             |             |
| or greater   |           |              |             |             |
| than 10      |           |              |             |             |
| feet) are    |           |              |             |             |
| relative to  |           |              |             |             |
| the height   |           |              |             |             |
| of the       |           |              |             |             |
| nozzles or   |           |              |             |             |
| spreaders    |           |              |             |             |
| above (1)    |           |              |             |             |
| the canopy   |           |              |             |             |
| of the field |           |              |             |             |
| crop or      |           |              |             |             |
| native plant |           |              |             |             |
| community or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a bare   |           |              |             |             |
| ground       |           |              |             |             |
| surface. In  |           |              |             |             |
| grassland or |           |              |             |             |
| semi-open    |           |              |             |             |
| plant        |           |              |             |             |
| communities  |           |              |             |             |
| (shrubland,  |           |              |             |             |
| woodland,    |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) with   |           |              |             |             |
| more than 40 |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the top of   |           |              |             |             |
| the grass    |           |              |             |             |
| canopy       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used to      |           |              |             |             |
| determine    |           |              |             |             |
| whether an   |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| is low or    |           |              |             |             |
| high. For    |           |              |             |             |
| forested     |           |              |             |             |
| lands or     |           |              |             |             |
| dense        |           |              |             |             |
| shrubland    |           |              |             |             |
| with less    |           |              |             |             |
| than 40      |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the tops of  |           |              |             |             |
| trees or     |           |              |             |             |
| shrubs       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used in      |           |              |             |             |
| determining  |           |              |             |             |
| whether      |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| are low or   |           |              |             |             |
| high.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 4 Solid      |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| baits,       |           |              |             |             |
| granules,    |           |              |             |             |
| pellets, and |           |              |             |             |
| treated seed |           |              |             |             |
| but do not   |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| dusts.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 5 Liquid     |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include any  |           |              |             |             |
| type of      |           |              |             |             |
| liquid-based |           |              |             |             |
| formulation  |           |              |             |             |
| other than   |           |              |             |             |
| ULV          |           |              |             |             |
| f            |           |              |             |             |
| ormulations. |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 6 ULV (ultra |           |              |             |             |
| low volume)  |           |              |             |             |
| refers to    |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| applied at a |           |              |             |             |
| rate of 1/2  |           |              |             |             |
| gallon or    |           |              |             |             |
| less per     |           |              |             |             |
| acre.        |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

32\. To protect cave-dwelling arthropod species, the Service recommends
---

> Application of pesticides in areas of limestone rock outcrop inside
> the following Pesticide Sensitive Areas should have the protection
> measures indicated below. Preserve areas for cave-dwelling species
> that are located inside a Pesticide Sensitive Area have specific
> restrictions on pesticide applications, and the Austin field office of
> the Service should be consulted at 512-490-0057 for information on
> applications involving these preserves. The Service should also be
> consulted before implementation of a pesticide program for control of
> pests or invasive species inside the Pesticide Sensitive Areas.

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  County         Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Bexar County,  The area in the county that lies north of State Highway
  Texas          90.

  Travis County, The area in the county that lies (1) west of Interstate
  Texas          Highway 35 and (2) north of William Cannon Road and the
                 part of State Highway 71 that extends west from William
                 Cannon Road to the county boundary.

  Williamson     All of the area in the county that lies west of
  County, Texas  Interstate Highway 35 for up to 20 miles.
  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

a\. A survey should be conducted in accordance with Service protocols
for species habitat (limestone rock outcrop with caves, sinkholes, or
crevices) within the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above before
application of any pesticide. Pesticide users should contact the Austin
field office of the Service at 512-490-0057 for information on survey
protocols. A scientific permit should be obtained from the Service
before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been conducted,
further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. A
follow-up survey may be necessary if the initial survey indicates the
possible presence of species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has
not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
incidental take authorization or permit.

b\. Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Terrestrial
Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
applied at the edge of (but not within) a local drainage basin or
subsurface basin that drains into species habitat (caves, sinkholes, or
crevices) as defined by a Service-approved survey.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet     | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| local       |             |             |             |             |
| drainage    |             |             |             |             |
| basin or    |             |             |             |             |
| subsurface  |             |             |             |             |
| basin if a  |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area to |             |             |             |             |
| be          |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     local   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    drainage |             |             |             |             |
|     basin   |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  subsurface |             |             |             |             |
|     basin   |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

c\. Pesticides should not be used within 170 feet of species habitat of
caves, sinkholes, or crevices as defined by a Service-approved survey.
Pesticides should also not be allowed to drift or be moved by surface
runoff into the 170-foot protected area. For fire ant control within the
170-foot protected area, 1 to 4 gallons of boiling water may be poured
over individual fire ant mounds in the early morning to achieve adequate
control.

> d\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) a 170-foot
> protected area around species habitat of caves, sinkholes, or crevices
> as defined by a Service-approved survey, measures to protect the
> species are:

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in the Terrestrial
Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
applied at the edge of the 170-foot protected area.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| 170-foot    |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| area if a   |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| 170-foot    |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| area during |             |             |             |             |
| the time of |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    170-foot |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     area if |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Terrestrial
Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
applied at the edge of the 170-foot protected area.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 10 feet     | 60 feet     | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 60 feet     | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| 170-foot    |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| area if a   |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| 170-foot    |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| area during |             |             |             |             |
| the time of |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    170-foot |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     area if |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

33\. To protect dicot plant species in plant communities with closed or
dense canopies, the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to species habitat. For all other applicators or relevant
agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide application inside
or adjacent to species habitat on non-Federal land. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. After a survey has been conducted, further
restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
authorization.

b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, the following
protection measures should be used:

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class M.
Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects
for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as
a result of pesticide application.

♦ The following buffer zones should be used when applying a pesticide
that rates as either

Class D or Class NS.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (non        |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| non         |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

34\. To protect dicot plant species in plant communities with open to
semi-open canopies, the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to species habitat. For all other applicators or relevant
agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide application inside
or adjacent to species habitat on non-Federal land. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. After a survey has been conducted, further
restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
authorization.

b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, the following
protection measures should be used:

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class M.
Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects
for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as
a result of pesticide application.

♦ The following buffer zones should be used when applying a pesticide
that rates as either

Class D or Class NS.

+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Buffer Zones    | Spot      | Mechanized  | Low aerial | High       |
| ^1^             |           | ground      | ap         | aerial     |
|                 | app       | a           | plications | ap         |
|                 | lications | pplications | ^3^        | plications |
|                 | ^2^       |             |            | ^3^        |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Bait            | 20 feet   | 60 feet     | 300 feet   | 1/4 mile   |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| (non-pollinator |           |             |            |            |
| insect baits    |           |             |            |            |
| only)           |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Solid           | 20 feet   | 60 feet     | 60 feet    | 60 feet    |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| other than      |           |             |            |            |
| non-pollinator  |           |             |            |            |
| insect baits    |           |             |            |            |
| ^4^             |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Liquid          | 20 feet   | 60 feet     | 300 feet   | 1/4 mile   |
| formulations    |           |             | \*H        |            |
| ^5^             |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| ULV or dust     | 150 feet  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H | 1/2 mile   |
| formulations    | H         |             |            |            |
| ^6^             |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Alternative     |           |             |            |            |
| Buffer Zones:   |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| \* These        |           |             |            |            |
| applications    |           |             |            |            |
| and             |           |             |            |            |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| can have a      |           |             |            |            |
| buffer zone of  |           |             |            |            |
| 60 feet at the  |           |             |            |            |
| edge of the     |           |             |            |            |
| area to be      |           |             |            |            |
| protected if a  |           |             |            |            |
| strong, steady  |           |             |            |            |
| wind of at      |           |             |            |            |
| least 3 miles   |           |             |            |            |
| per hour is     |           |             |            |            |
| blowing         |           |             |            |            |
| directly away   |           |             |            |            |
| from the area   |           |             |            |            |
| during the time |           |             |            |            |
| of application. |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| -   These       |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
|    applications |           |             |            |            |
|     and         |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
|    formulations |           |             |            |            |
|     can have a  |           |             |            |            |
|     buffer zone |           |             |            |            |
|     of 60 feet  |           |             |            |            |
|     at the edge |           |             |            |            |
|     of the area |           |             |            |            |
|     to be       |           |             |            |            |
|     protected   |           |             |            |            |
|     if the      |           |             |            |            |
|     pesticide   |           |             |            |            |
|     is applied  |           |             |            |            |
|     by a        |           |             |            |            |
|     sprayer     |           |             |            |            |
|     with low    |           |             |            |            |
|     pressure    |           |             |            |            |
|     nozzles     |           |             |            |            |
|     that        |           |             |            |            |
|     deliver a   |           |             |            |            |
|     spray       |           |             |            |            |
|     ranging     |           |             |            |            |
|     from coarse |           |             |            |            |
|     to very     |           |             |            |            |
|     coarse in   |           |             |            |            |
|     droplet     |           |             |            |            |
|     size.       |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+
| Notes:          |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 1 A buffer zone |           |             |            |            |
| is the distance |           |             |            |            |
| between the     |           |             |            |            |
| boundary of the |           |             |            |            |
| area requiring  |           |             |            |            |
| protection and  |           |             |            |            |
| the closest     |           |             |            |            |
| point of the    |           |             |            |            |
| last spot       |           |             |            |            |
| application or  |           |             |            |            |
| application     |           |             |            |            |
| swath. Border   |           |             |            |            |
| areas           |           |             |            |            |
| (roadways,      |           |             |            |            |
| fence lines,    |           |             |            |            |
| canal dikes,    |           |             |            |            |
| etc.) may be    |           |             |            |            |
| used as part of |           |             |            |            |
| a buffer zone   |           |             |            |            |
| if the border   |           |             |            |            |
| area itself     |           |             |            |            |
| does not        |           |             |            |            |
| involve species |           |             |            |            |
| habitat or a    |           |             |            |            |
| sensitive area. |           |             |            |            |
| Standard        |           |             |            |            |
| weather         |           |             |            |            |
| conditions for  |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide       |           |             |            |            |
| application     |           |             |            |            |
| (i.e., no       |           |             |            |            |
| temperature     |           |             |            |            |
| inversions,     |           |             |            |            |
| wind speeds     |           |             |            |            |
| between 3 to 10 |           |             |            |            |
| miles per hour, |           |             |            |            |
| and no rainfall |           |             |            |            |
| for 48 hours)   |           |             |            |            |
| should be       |           |             |            |            |
| followed when   |           |             |            |            |
| implementing    |           |             |            |            |
| recommended     |           |             |            |            |
| buffer zones.   |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 2 Spot          |           |             |            |            |
| applications    |           |             |            |            |
| include         |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide       |           |             |            |            |
| applications by |           |             |            |            |
| (1)             |           |             |            |            |
| hand-operated   |           |             |            |            |
| equipment or    |           |             |            |            |
| (2) a spray gun |           |             |            |            |
| that discharges |           |             |            |            |
| pesticide in    |           |             |            |            |
| liquid streams  |           |             |            |            |
| from a spray    |           |             |            |            |
| tank.           |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 3 Low and high  |           |             |            |            |
| aerial          |           |             |            |            |
| applications    |           |             |            |            |
| (respectively,  |           |             |            |            |
| aerial          |           |             |            |            |
| applications    |           |             |            |            |
| either less     |           |             |            |            |
| than 10 feet or |           |             |            |            |
| greater than 10 |           |             |            |            |
| feet) are       |           |             |            |            |
| relative to the |           |             |            |            |
| height of the   |           |             |            |            |
| nozzles or      |           |             |            |            |
| spreaders above |           |             |            |            |
| (1) the canopy  |           |             |            |            |
| of the field    |           |             |            |            |
| crop or native  |           |             |            |            |
| plant community |           |             |            |            |
| or (2) a bare   |           |             |            |            |
| ground surface. |           |             |            |            |
| In grassland or |           |             |            |            |
| semi-open plant |           |             |            |            |
| communities     |           |             |            |            |
| (shrubland,     |           |             |            |            |
| woodland, etc.) |           |             |            |            |
| with more than  |           |             |            |            |
| 40 percent      |           |             |            |            |
| grass cover,    |           |             |            |            |
| the top of the  |           |             |            |            |
| grass canopy    |           |             |            |            |
| should be used  |           |             |            |            |
| to determine    |           |             |            |            |
| whether an      |           |             |            |            |
| aerial          |           |             |            |            |
| application is  |           |             |            |            |
| low or high.    |           |             |            |            |
| For forested    |           |             |            |            |
| lands or dense  |           |             |            |            |
| shrubland with  |           |             |            |            |
| less than 40    |           |             |            |            |
| percent grass   |           |             |            |            |
| cover, the tops |           |             |            |            |
| of trees or     |           |             |            |            |
| shrubs should   |           |             |            |            |
| be used in      |           |             |            |            |
| determining     |           |             |            |            |
| whether         |           |             |            |            |
| applications    |           |             |            |            |
| are low or      |           |             |            |            |
| high.           |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 4 Solid         |           |             |            |            |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| include baits,  |           |             |            |            |
| granules,       |           |             |            |            |
| pellets, and    |           |             |            |            |
| treated seed    |           |             |            |            |
| but do not      |           |             |            |            |
| include dusts.  |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 5 Liquid        |           |             |            |            |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| include any     |           |             |            |            |
| type of         |           |             |            |            |
| liquid-based    |           |             |            |            |
| formulation     |           |             |            |            |
| other than ULV  |           |             |            |            |
| formulations.   |           |             |            |            |
|                 |           |             |            |            |
| 6 ULV (ultra    |           |             |            |            |
| low volume)     |           |             |            |            |
| refers to       |           |             |            |            |
| liquid          |           |             |            |            |
| formulations    |           |             |            |            |
| applied at a    |           |             |            |            |
| rate of 1/2     |           |             |            |            |
| gallon or less  |           |             |            |            |
| per acre.       |           |             |            |            |
+-----------------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

35\. To protect dicot plant species in relatively small aquatic habitat,
the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to aquatic habitat of the species. For all other applicators or
relevant agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide
application inside or adjacent to aquatic habitat of the species on
non-Federal land. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
field office for information on survey protocols. After a survey has
been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide application are
unnecessary if the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied
habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service should be
consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate protection
measures and for any necessary authorization.

b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic herbicides (or any
other herbicide formulation labeled for aquatic use) inside species
habitat unless approved by the Service. This includes (1) all of the
habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from the habitat area in
any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run. Downstream from the
habitat area, these aquatic herbicides should not be applied any closer
than 300 feet.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) fluridone simazine                |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate diquat glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo®) terbutryn             |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate endothall imazapyr (e.g., Habitat®)                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from
the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run.
The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream
from species habitat.

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class M.
Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects
for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as
a result of pesticide application.

♦ The following buffer zones should be used at the edge of the waterbody
or wetland to be protected if the pesticide rates either as Class D or
Class NS.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet H  | 450 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 350 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     350     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

36\. To protect monocot plant species in plant communities with closed
or dense canopies, the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to species habitat. For all other applicators or relevant
agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide application inside
or adjacent to species habitat on non-Federal land. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. After a survey has been conducted, further
restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
authorization.

> b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
> habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, the following
> protection measures should be used:

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class D.
Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects
for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as
a result of pesticide application.

♦ The following buffer zones should be used when applying a pesticide
that rates as either Class M or Class NS.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| (non        |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| non         |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

37\. To protect monocot plant species in plant communities with open to
semi-open canopies, the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to species habitat. For all other applicators or relevant
agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide application inside
or adjacent to species habitat on non-Federal land. Pesticide users
should contact the nearest Service field office for information on
survey protocols. After a survey has been conducted, further
restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the habitat is
unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not
been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
authorization.

b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, the following
protection measures should be used:

♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class D.
Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects
for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as
a result of pesticide application.

> ♦ The following buffer zones should be used when applying a pesticide
> that rates as either Class M or Class NS.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 20 feet     | 60 feet     | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| (non        |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| non         |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 60 feet     | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1 mile      |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

38\. To protect monocot plant species in relatively small aquatic
habitat, the Service recommends ---

a\. Federal agencies should either conduct a survey for the species in
accordance with Service protocols or otherwise require a
Service-approved survey before application of herbicide inside or
adjacent to aquatic habitat of the species. For all other applicators or
relevant agencies, a survey is recommended prior to herbicide
application inside or adjacent to aquatic habitat of the species on
non-Federal land. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service
field office for information on survey protocols. After a survey has
been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide application are
unnecessary if the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied
habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service should be
consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate protection
measures and for any necessary authorization.

b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic herbicides (or any
other herbicide formulation labeled for aquatic use) inside aquatic
habitat of proposed or listed plant species. This includes (1) all of
the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from the habitat area
in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run. Downstream from
the habitat area, these aquatic herbicides should not be applied any
closer than 300 feet.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) fluridone simazine                |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate diquat glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo®) terbutryn             |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate endothall imazapyr (e.g., Habitat®)                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from
the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring run.
The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet downstream
from species habitat.

> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for herbicides rated as Class
> D. Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse
> effects for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species
> habitat as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ The following buffer zones should be used at the edge of the
> waterbody or wetland to be protected if the pesticide rates either as
> Class M or Class NS.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet H  | 450 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 350 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     350     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

39\. To protect plant species with small pollinating insects, the
Service recommends ---

Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the pollinating toxicity
group (Bee and/or Terrestrial Arthropod) of a proposed or listed plant
species should have the following buffer zones for applications at the
edge of sites occupied by the species throughout the year. Applicators
should apply insecticides in swaths parallel to habitat of proposed or
listed plant species and avoid flying directly over the habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (non        |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet \* | 1/2 mile    | 1/2 mile §  | 1/2 mile §  |
| f           |             | \*H         |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| non         |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect bait |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| in          |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (e.g.,      |             |             |             |             |
| cropland)   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -           |             |             |             |             |
|  Mechanized |             |             |             |             |
|     ground  |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     of      |             |             |             |             |
|     these   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  pesticides |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     areas   |             |             |             |             |
|     (e.g.,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cropland) |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     80 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    occupied |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   flowering |             |             |             |             |
|     period  |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
|     is made |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     early   |             |             |             |             |
|     dawn    |             |             |             |             |
|     (no     |             |             |             |             |
|     later   |             |             |             |             |
|     than    |             |             |             |             |
|     one     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour    |             |             |             |             |
|     after   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    sunrise) |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     early   |             |             |             |             |
|     evening |             |             |             |             |
|     (6:00   |             |             |             |             |
|     p.m. or |             |             |             |             |
|     l       |             |             |             |             |
| ater).[^30] |             |             |             |             |
|     For     |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     made in |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     areas   |             |             |             |             |
|     outside |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   flowering |             |             |             |             |
|     period, |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     may be  |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     beyond  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     80-foot |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone at |             |             |             |             |
|     any     |             |             |             |             |
|     time    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     day.    |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § Aerial    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| of these    |             |             |             |             |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| in          |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (e.g.,      |             |             |             |             |
| cropland)   |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 1/4 mile |             |             |             |             |
| from        |             |             |             |             |
| occupied    |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| flowering   |             |             |             |             |
| period if   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is made in  |             |             |             |             |
| early dawn  |             |             |             |             |
| (no later   |             |             |             |             |
| than one    |             |             |             |             |
| hour after  |             |             |             |             |
| sunrise) or |             |             |             |             |
| early       |             |             |             |             |
| evening     |             |             |             |             |
| (6:00 p.m.  |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| later).^30^ |             |             |             |             |
| For         |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| made in     |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| outside the |             |             |             |             |
| flowering   |             |             |             |             |
| period, the |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| may be      |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| beyond the  |             |             |             |             |
| 1/4-mile    |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| at any time |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| day.        |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

40\. To protect plant species with large pollinating insects, the
Service recommends ---

Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the pollinating toxicity
group (Bee and/or Terrestrial Arthropod) of a proposed or listed plant
species should have the following buffer zones for applications at the
edge of sites occupied by the species throughout the year. Applicators
should apply insecticides in swaths parallel to habitat of proposed or
listed plant species and avoid flying directly over the habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (non        |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/8 mile \* | 2 miles \*H | 2 miles §   | 2 miles §   |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| non         |             |             |             |             |
| -pollinator |             |             |             |             |
| insect bait |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| in          |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (e.g.,      |             |             |             |             |
| cropland)   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -           |             |             |             |             |
|  Mechanized |             |             |             |             |
|     ground  |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     of      |             |             |             |             |
|     these   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  pesticides |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     areas   |             |             |             |             |
|     (e.g.,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cropland) |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     80 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    occupied |             |             |             |             |
|     species |             |             |             |             |
|     habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   flowering |             |             |             |             |
|     period  |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
|     is made |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     early   |             |             |             |             |
|     dawn    |             |             |             |             |
|     (no     |             |             |             |             |
|     later   |             |             |             |             |
|     than    |             |             |             |             |
|     one     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour    |             |             |             |             |
|     after   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    sunrise) |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     early   |             |             |             |             |
|     evening |             |             |             |             |
|     (6:00   |             |             |             |             |
|     p.m. or |             |             |             |             |
|     later). |             |             |             |             |
|     [^31]   |             |             |             |             |
|     For     |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     made in |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
|     areas   |             |             |             |             |
|     outside |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   flowering |             |             |             |             |
|     period, |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     may be  |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     beyond  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     80-foot |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone at |             |             |             |             |
|     any     |             |             |             |             |
|     time    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     day.    |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § Aerial    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| of these    |             |             |             |             |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| in          |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (e.g.,      |             |             |             |             |
| cropland)   |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 1/4 mile |             |             |             |             |
| from        |             |             |             |             |
| occupied    |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| flowering   |             |             |             |             |
| period if   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is made in  |             |             |             |             |
| early dawn  |             |             |             |             |
| (no later   |             |             |             |             |
| than one    |             |             |             |             |
| hour after  |             |             |             |             |
| sunrise) or |             |             |             |             |
| early       |             |             |             |             |
| evening     |             |             |             |             |
| (6:00 p.m.  |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| later).^31^ |             |             |             |             |
| For         |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| made in     |             |             |             |             |
| non-habitat |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| outside the |             |             |             |             |
| flowering   |             |             |             |             |
| period, the |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| may be      |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| beyond the  |             |             |             |             |
| 1/4-mile    |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| at any time |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| day.        |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

41\. To protect the black-footed ferret, the Service recommends ---

a\. Populations (experimental or unknown) of the black-footed ferret
should be located before using rodent control agents in prairie dog
colonies:

♦ Applicators or relevant agencies should contact the Arizona field
office of the Service at 602-242-0210 to determine the current location
of experimental ferret populations in Yavapai County, Arizona.

♦ A ferret survey is recommended for prairie dog colonies in locations
other than Yavapai County, Arizona. Colonies to be surveyed should be
sufficiently large to support a small population of black-footed ferrets
(i.e., black-tailed prairie dog colonies greater than 80 acres;
white-tailed prairie dog colonies greater than 200 acres). A copy of
survey guidelines for black-footed ferrets may be obtained from the
regional pesticide coordinator in Austin at 512-490-0057. A scientific
permit should be obtained from the Service before conducting a ferret
survey. If a prairie dog colony is occupied by black-footed ferrets, the
Service should be contacted.

♦ The Service should be notified before treatment of prairie dog
complexes larger than 1,000 acres. Control agents for prairie dogs
should not be used in such a complex until the complex has been (1)
systematically surveyed for black-footed ferrets and (2) evaluated by
appropriate state and Federal agencies for its potential as a ferret
recovery site. Additional surveys for the complex are recommended after
an extended period of time.

b\. Applicators should not use the following rodent control agents in a
prairie dog colony or any pesticide that can cause either secondary
poisoning (Class 1~sp~ or Class 2~sp~) or burrow fumigation (Class 2
~b~) in the Predatory Mammal toxicity group when black-footed ferrets
are present.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein chlorophacinone magnesium phosphide sodium nitrate           |
|                                                                       |
| aluminum phosphide diphacinone potassium nitrate zinc phosphide       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

42\. To protect the Louisiana black bear, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the Louisiana black bear before application of any
> predator/rodent control agent inside or adjacent to species habitat of
> forest and woodland. If a survey for the species is necessary, survey
> protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained from the Service.
> Further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit.

b\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~ or Class 2~sp~) in the
Predatory Mammal toxicity group should not be used inside or close to
occupied habitat.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone sodium fluoroacetate zinc phosphide           |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone sodium cyanide strychnine                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

43\. To protect the Mexican gray wolf, the Service recommends ---

a\. Pesticide users should contact the Service field office in
Albuquerque at 505-346-2525 for information on the Mexican gray wolf
before application of any predator/rodent control agent inside or
adjacent to currently occupied habitat in chaparral, woodland, or
forest. The Service should be consulted for appropriate protection
measures in using these pesticides and for any necessary incidental take
authorization or permit.

> b\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~ or Class 2~sp~) in the
> Predatory Mammal toxicity group should not be used inside or close to
> occupied habitat.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone sodium fluoroacetate zinc phosphide           |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone sodium cyanide strychnine                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

44\. To protect the Attwater's greater prairie-chicken, the Service
recommends ---

Application of pesticides inside the following Pesticide Sensitive Areas
should have the protection measures indicated below.

  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  County       Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Austin       The area bounded on the north side by Interstate Highway
  County,      10, on the east side by State Highway 36, on the south
  Texas        side by Porter Chapel Road which is extended westward by a
               straight line to Bernard Creek and then southward along
               the creek to the San Bernard River, and on the west side
               by the San Bernard River.

  Colorado     The area bounded on the north side by Interstate Highway
  County,      10; on the east side by the San Bernard River; on the
  Texas        south side by FM 3013; and on the west side by County
               Roads 96, 101, 253, 172, and 218.

  Galveston    The area bounded on the west side by State Highway 146, on
  County,      the south side by Dickinson Bayou and Dickinson Bay, and
  Texas        on the north side by Moses Lake.
  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

a\. For pesticide applications in grassland, pasture, or rights-of-way
inside the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above, measures to protect
the species are:

> ♦ Applicators using a pesticide that rates as Class 1, Class 2, or
> Class 3 in the Gallinaceous Avian toxicity group on grassland,
> pasture, or rights-of-way within a Pesticide Sensitive Area should
> contact the Clear Lake Field Office of the Service at 281-286-8282 for
> appropriate protection measures before pesticide treatment. The
> Service should also be consulted before implementation of a pesticide
> program for control of pests or invasive species inside a Pesticide
> Sensitive Area.
>
> ♦ Application of zinc phosphide or any other rodenticide in grassland,
> pasture, or rights-of-way inside the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined
> above should be restricted to tamper-resistant bait boxes.

b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) grassland,
pasture, or rights-of-way inside the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined
above, measures to protect the species are:

> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides rated as Class 0
> in the Gallinaceous Avian toxicity group. Applicators using these
> pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for proposed or
> listed species will not occur inside grassland, pasture, or
> rights-of-way as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the Gallinaceous Avian toxicity
> group should have the following buffer zones when applied at the edge
> of grassland, pasture, or rights-of-way with grass that is least 6
> inches in height. These buffer zones apply for Class 1 pesticides only
> during the months of May through July.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet \* | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 60 feet \*  | 350 feet    | 450 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             | \*H§        |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 400 feet H  | 400 feet H  | 1/8 mile H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets, or |             |             |             |             |
| treated     |             |             |             |             |
| seeds are   |             |             |             |             |
| completely  |             |             |             |             |
| covered by  |             |             |             |             |
| soil for up |             |             |             |             |
| to 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| edge of the |             |             |             |             |
| area to be  |             |             |             |             |
| protected.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     300     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   following |             |             |             |             |
|     three   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  conditions |             |             |             |             |
|     are     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    met: (1) |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     appli   |             |             |             |             |
| cation, (2) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    residues |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     surface |             |             |             |             |
|     runoff  |             |             |             |             |
|     cannot  |             |             |             |             |
|     drain   |             |             |             |             |
|     into    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area    |             |             |             |             |
|     after a |             |             |             |             |
|     pr      |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
|     event,  |             |             |             |             |
|     and (3) |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|  Attwater's |             |             |             |             |
|     prair   |             |             |             |             |
| ie-chickens |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     their   |             |             |             |             |
|     nests   |             |             |             |             |
|     have    |             |             |             |             |
|     not     |             |             |             |             |
|     been    |             |             |             |             |
|     sighted |             |             |             |             |
|     in the  |             |             |             |             |
|     area.   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     300     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Gallinaceous Avian
toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when applied at
the edge of grassland, pasture, or rights-of-way with grass that is
least 6 inches in height. The buffer zones should be applied throughout
the year for these pesticides.

+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer Zones | Spot      | Mechanized   | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| ^1^          |           | ground       | a           | a           |
|              | app       | applications | pplications | pplications |
|              | lications |              | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|              | ^2^       |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid        | 300 feet  | 350 feet \*  | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
|              | \*        |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| ^4^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid       | 300 feet  | 350 feet \*  | 1/8 mile H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| formulations | \*        |              |             |             |
| ^5^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust  | 450 feet  | 450 feet H   | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| formulations | H         |              |             |             |
| ^6^          |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative  |           |              |             |             |
| Buffer       |           |              |             |             |
| Zones:       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| \* A buffer  |           |              |             |             |
| zone is      |           |              |             |             |
| unnecessary  |           |              |             |             |
| for these    |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| if the       |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide is |           |              |             |             |
| placed into  |           |              |             |             |
| the soil     |           |              |             |             |
| below a      |           |              |             |             |
| 12-inch      |           |              |             |             |
| depth.       |           |              |             |             |
| Applicators  |           |              |             |             |
| should make  |           |              |             |             |
| sure that    |           |              |             |             |
| granules,    |           |              |             |             |
| pellets, or  |           |              |             |             |
| treated      |           |              |             |             |
| seeds are    |           |              |             |             |
| completely   |           |              |             |             |
| covered by   |           |              |             |             |
| soil for up  |           |              |             |             |
| to 350 feet  |           |              |             |             |
| from the     |           |              |             |             |
| edge of the  |           |              |             |             |
| area to be   |           |              |             |             |
| protected.   |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| -   These    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
|     and      |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
|     can have |           |              |             |             |
|     a buffer |           |              |             |             |
|     zone of  |           |              |             |             |
|     350 feet |           |              |             |             |
|     at the   |           |              |             |             |
|     edge of  |           |              |             |             |
|     the area |           |              |             |             |
|     to be    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|    protected |           |              |             |             |
|     if the   |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|    following |           |              |             |             |
|     three    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|   conditions |           |              |             |             |
|     are      |           |              |             |             |
|     met: (1) |           |              |             |             |
|     a        |           |              |             |             |
|     strong,  |           |              |             |             |
|     steady   |           |              |             |             |
|     wind of  |           |              |             |             |
|     at least |           |              |             |             |
|     3 miles  |           |              |             |             |
|     per hour |           |              |             |             |
|     is       |           |              |             |             |
|     blowing  |           |              |             |             |
|     directly |           |              |             |             |
|     away     |           |              |             |             |
|     from the |           |              |             |             |
|     area     |           |              |             |             |
|     during   |           |              |             |             |
|     the time |           |              |             |             |
|     of       |           |              |             |             |
|     appl     |           |              |             |             |
| ication, (2) |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|    pesticide |           |              |             |             |
|     residues |           |              |             |             |
|     in       |           |              |             |             |
|     surface  |           |              |             |             |
|     runoff   |           |              |             |             |
|     cannot   |           |              |             |             |
|     drain    |           |              |             |             |
|     into the |           |              |             |             |
|     area     |           |              |             |             |
|     after a  |           |              |             |             |
|     p        |           |              |             |             |
| recipitation |           |              |             |             |
|     event,   |           |              |             |             |
|     and (3)  |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|   Attwater's |           |              |             |             |
|     prai     |           |              |             |             |
| rie-chickens |           |              |             |             |
|     or their |           |              |             |             |
|     nests    |           |              |             |             |
|     have not |           |              |             |             |
|     been     |           |              |             |             |
|     sighted  |           |              |             |             |
|     in the   |           |              |             |             |
|     area.    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| ```{=html}   |           |              |             |             |
| <!-- -->     |           |              |             |             |
| ```          |           |              |             |             |
| -   These    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
|     and      |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
|     can have |           |              |             |             |
|     a buffer |           |              |             |             |
|     zone of  |           |              |             |             |
|     350 feet |           |              |             |             |
|     at the   |           |              |             |             |
|     edge of  |           |              |             |             |
|     the area |           |              |             |             |
|     to be    |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|    protected |           |              |             |             |
|     if the   |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
|    pesticide |           |              |             |             |
|     is       |           |              |             |             |
|     applied  |           |              |             |             |
|     by a     |           |              |             |             |
|     sprayer  |           |              |             |             |
|     with low |           |              |             |             |
|     pressure |           |              |             |             |
|     nozzles  |           |              |             |             |
|     that     |           |              |             |             |
|     deliver  |           |              |             |             |
|     a spray  |           |              |             |             |
|     ranging  |           |              |             |             |
|     from     |           |              |             |             |
|     coarse   |           |              |             |             |
|     to very  |           |              |             |             |
|     coarse   |           |              |             |             |
|     in       |           |              |             |             |
|     droplet  |           |              |             |             |
|     size.    |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 1 A buffer   |           |              |             |             |
| zone is the  |           |              |             |             |
| distance     |           |              |             |             |
| between the  |           |              |             |             |
| boundary of  |           |              |             |             |
| the area     |           |              |             |             |
| requiring    |           |              |             |             |
| protection   |           |              |             |             |
| and the      |           |              |             |             |
| closest      |           |              |             |             |
| point of the |           |              |             |             |
| last spot    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| or           |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| swath.       |           |              |             |             |
| Border areas |           |              |             |             |
| (roadways,   |           |              |             |             |
| fence lines, |           |              |             |             |
| canal dikes, |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) may be |           |              |             |             |
| used as part |           |              |             |             |
| of a buffer  |           |              |             |             |
| zone if the  |           |              |             |             |
| border area  |           |              |             |             |
| itself does  |           |              |             |             |
| not involve  |           |              |             |             |
| species      |           |              |             |             |
| habitat or a |           |              |             |             |
| sensitive    |           |              |             |             |
| area.        |           |              |             |             |
| Standard     |           |              |             |             |
| weather      |           |              |             |             |
| conditions   |           |              |             |             |
| for          |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| (i.e., no    |           |              |             |             |
| temperature  |           |              |             |             |
| inversions,  |           |              |             |             |
| wind speeds  |           |              |             |             |
| between 3 to |           |              |             |             |
| 10 miles per |           |              |             |             |
| hour, and no |           |              |             |             |
| rainfall for |           |              |             |             |
| 48 hours)    |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| followed     |           |              |             |             |
| when         |           |              |             |             |
| implementing |           |              |             |             |
| recommended  |           |              |             |             |
| buffer       |           |              |             |             |
| zones.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 2 Spot       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide    |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| by (1)       |           |              |             |             |
| h            |           |              |             |             |
| and-operated |           |              |             |             |
| equipment or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a spray  |           |              |             |             |
| gun that     |           |              |             |             |
| discharges   |           |              |             |             |
| pesticide in |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| streams from |           |              |             |             |
| a spray      |           |              |             |             |
| tank.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 3 Low and    |           |              |             |             |
| high aerial  |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| (r           |           |              |             |             |
| espectively, |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| either less  |           |              |             |             |
| than 10 feet |           |              |             |             |
| or greater   |           |              |             |             |
| than 10      |           |              |             |             |
| feet) are    |           |              |             |             |
| relative to  |           |              |             |             |
| the height   |           |              |             |             |
| of the       |           |              |             |             |
| nozzles or   |           |              |             |             |
| spreaders    |           |              |             |             |
| above (1)    |           |              |             |             |
| the canopy   |           |              |             |             |
| of the field |           |              |             |             |
| crop or      |           |              |             |             |
| native plant |           |              |             |             |
| community or |           |              |             |             |
| (2) a bare   |           |              |             |             |
| ground       |           |              |             |             |
| surface. In  |           |              |             |             |
| grassland or |           |              |             |             |
| semi-open    |           |              |             |             |
| plant        |           |              |             |             |
| communities  |           |              |             |             |
| (shrubland,  |           |              |             |             |
| woodland,    |           |              |             |             |
| etc.) with   |           |              |             |             |
| more than 40 |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the top of   |           |              |             |             |
| the grass    |           |              |             |             |
| canopy       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used to      |           |              |             |             |
| determine    |           |              |             |             |
| whether an   |           |              |             |             |
| aerial       |           |              |             |             |
| application  |           |              |             |             |
| is low or    |           |              |             |             |
| high. For    |           |              |             |             |
| forested     |           |              |             |             |
| lands or     |           |              |             |             |
| dense        |           |              |             |             |
| shrubland    |           |              |             |             |
| with less    |           |              |             |             |
| than 40      |           |              |             |             |
| percent      |           |              |             |             |
| grass cover, |           |              |             |             |
| the tops of  |           |              |             |             |
| trees or     |           |              |             |             |
| shrubs       |           |              |             |             |
| should be    |           |              |             |             |
| used in      |           |              |             |             |
| determining  |           |              |             |             |
| whether      |           |              |             |             |
| applications |           |              |             |             |
| are low or   |           |              |             |             |
| high.        |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 4 Solid      |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| baits,       |           |              |             |             |
| granules,    |           |              |             |             |
| pellets, and |           |              |             |             |
| treated seed |           |              |             |             |
| but do not   |           |              |             |             |
| include      |           |              |             |             |
| dusts.       |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 5 Liquid     |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| include any  |           |              |             |             |
| type of      |           |              |             |             |
| liquid-based |           |              |             |             |
| formulation  |           |              |             |             |
| other than   |           |              |             |             |
| ULV          |           |              |             |             |
| f            |           |              |             |             |
| ormulations. |           |              |             |             |
|              |           |              |             |             |
| 6 ULV (ultra |           |              |             |             |
| low volume)  |           |              |             |             |
| refers to    |           |              |             |             |
| liquid       |           |              |             |             |
| formulations |           |              |             |             |
| applied at a |           |              |             |             |
| rate of 1/2  |           |              |             |             |
| gallon or    |           |              |             |             |
| less per     |           |              |             |             |
| acre.        |           |              |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

45\. To protect the bald eagle, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the bald eagle before application of pesticide
> inside or adjacent to forest or woodland areas with large waterbodies
> (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.). If a survey for the species is
> necessary, survey protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained
> from the Service. Further restrictions on pesticide application are
> unnecessary if the Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by
> the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not been
> surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment
> for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary incidental
> take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~, Class 2~sp~, or Class
> 3~sp~) in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should not be used within
> 3 miles of (1) currently occupied territory as determined by a
> Service-approved survey, (2) wintering areas, or (3) species habitat
> that has not been surveyed.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                  |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* famphur (e.g., Warbex7) † sodium fluoroacetate     |
| zinc phosphide                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied habitat or the 3-mile buffer zone  |
| if (1) treatment is approved by the Service, (2) the pesticide is     |
| applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent      |
| colony, and (3) all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.    |
|                                                                       |
| H Animal carcasses with famphur-treated hides that are within 3 miles |
| of areas where bald eagles are present should be removed, buried, or  |
| otherwise covered.                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. For applications near bald eagle nests that involve pesticides
> other than predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that can
> cause secondary poisoning as indicated above, measures to protect the
> species are:
>
> ♦ Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents or any
> pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 0 or
> Class 1 in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have a 1/4-mile
> buffer zones from currently occupied nests during the breeding season
> of October 1 to June 30.[^32] The buffer zone is unnecessary outside
> of the breeding season. Aerial pesticide applications should be made
> in swaths parallel to a nest and its aerial buffer zone. If aerial
> flight over a nest site is necessary, an elevation of 500 feet should
> be maintained over the nest.
>
> ♦ Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents or any
> pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as either
> Class 2 or Class 3 in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have
> the following buffer zones from currently occupied nests during the
> breeding season of October 1 to June 30.[^33] Buffer zones are
> unnecessary for nonpersistent pesticides outside of the breeding
> season. Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths
> parallel to a nest and its aerial buffer zone. If aerial flight over a
> nest site is necessary, an elevation of 500 feet should be maintained
> over the nest.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    | 1/2 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             | \*†         |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| bait        |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| of          |             |             |             |             |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| inside      |             |             |             |             |
| existing    |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| (paved or   |             |             |             |             |
| gravel-base |             |             |             |             |
| roadways    |             |             |             |             |
| only) near  |             |             |             |             |
| eagle       |             |             |             |             |
| nests.      |             |             |             |             |
| Pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| along       |             |             |             |             |
| existing    |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| should not  |             |             |             |             |
| exceed      |             |             |             |             |
| Class 1 in  |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| Predatory   |             |             |             |             |
| Avian       |             |             |             |             |
| toxicity    |             |             |             |             |
| group.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| H A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| territory   |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by          |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| only.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> d\. Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents or any
> pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 2 or
> Class 3 in either the Cold Water Fish toxicity group or the Warm Water
> Fish toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
> applied at the edge of the closest large waterbody (rivers, lakes,
> etc.) to an occupied eagle nest during the breeding season of October
> 1 to June 30. The buffer zones apply only to (1) lakes or reservoirs
> less than 100 surface acres and (2) rivers and streams that are less
> than 300 feet wide.[^34] The buffer zones should extend for 1 mile
> both upstream and downstream from the nest=s closest point to the
> waterbody.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | None        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet     | 200 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             | \*H§        |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can be      |             |             |             |             |
| applied up  |             |             |             |             |
| to 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| edge of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if a    |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

46\. To protect the California condor, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the Service field office in
> Flagstaff, Arizona, at 928-226-0614 for information on the California
> condor before application of pesticide near release sites, nest sites,
> or known communal roost sites in species habitat of canyon lands and
> mountain ridges. If a survey for the species is necessary, survey
> protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained from the Service.
> Further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit.
>
> b\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~, Class 2~sp~, or Class
> 3~sp~) in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should not be used within
> (1) currently occupied territory as determined by a Service-approved
> survey or (2) species habitat that has not been surveyed.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium cyanide § strychnine                |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* famphur (e.g., Warbex7) † sodium fluoroacetate     |
| zinc phosphide                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied habitat if (1) the pesticide is    |
| applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent      |
| colony and (2) all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.     |
| Below ground treatment with chlorophacinone or diphacinone on Federal |
| lands should be approved by the Service.                              |
|                                                                       |
| H Animal carcasses with famphur-treated hides that are within one     |
| hundred miles of areas where California condors are present should be |
| removed, buried, or otherwise covered.                                |
|                                                                       |
| § Sodium cyanide may be used in M-44 devices within ranges occupied   |
| by the California condor if the wrapped capsule holder is kept out of |
| sight of condors by placing the holder below the surface of the       |
| ground and covering it with a protective cover such as a cow chip,    |
| flat rock, or tree bark. M-44s should not be placed closer than 30    |
| feet to any livestock carcass. In setting up M-44s, the devices       |
| should not be used in pairs or groups at a single location but may be |
| placed as a single set such that the devices are no closer than 1,000 |
| feet to each other. Treatment on Federal lands with M-44 devices      |
| should be approved by the Service.                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

c\. Pesticides applications (except for predator/rodent control agents
or any pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning as indicated above)
should have the following buffer zones from currently occupied nests,
roosts, or release sites.[^35] Aerial pesticide applications should be
made in swaths parallel to a nest site and its aerial buffer zone. If
flight over a nest is necessary, applicators should maintain a minimal
altitude of 3,000 feet and make sure that shutoff of pesticide sprayers
or spreaders has occurred.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/4 mile \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1 1/2 mile  | 1 1/2 mile  |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| of          |             |             |             |             |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| inside      |             |             |             |             |
| existing    |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| (paved or   |             |             |             |             |
| gravel-base |             |             |             |             |
| roadways    |             |             |             |             |
| only)       |             |             |             |             |
| through     |             |             |             |             |
| condor      |             |             |             |             |
| habitat.    |             |             |             |             |
| Pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| along       |             |             |             |             |
| existing    |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| should not  |             |             |             |             |
| exceed      |             |             |             |             |
| Class 1 in  |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| Predatory   |             |             |             |             |
| Avian       |             |             |             |             |
| toxicity    |             |             |             |             |
| group.      |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by          |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| only.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

47\. To protect the interior least tern, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the interior least tern before application of
> pesticide near sandbars, beaches, or other bare areas close to wide,
> shallow waterbodies. If a survey for the species is necessary, survey
> protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained from the Service.
> Further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit.
>
> b\. For pesticide applications involving occupied nesting colonies,
> measures to protect the species are:
>
> ♦ The following buffer zones should be used around nesting colonies of
> interior least terns for application of pesticides that rate as Class
> 0 or Class 1 in the Small Avian toxicity group.[^36] Aerial pesticide
> applications should be made in swaths parallel to a colony and its
> aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ The following buffer zones should be used around nesting colonies of
> interior least terns for application of pesticides that rate as Class
> 2 or Class 3 in the Small Avian toxicity group.[^37] Aerial pesticide
> applications should be made in swaths parallel to a colony and its
> aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV or dust |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> c\. Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Warm Water Fish
> toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when applied at
> the edge of the closest waterbody (stream, river, lake, reservoir,
> etc.) to a colony of interior least terns. The buffer zones apply only
> to standard weather conditions for pesticide applications involving
> (1) lakes or reservoirs less than 100 surface acres and (2) streams or
> rivers that are less than 300 feet wide.[^38] The buffer zones should
> extend for 2 miles both upstream and downstream from the colony=s
> closest point to the waterbody.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet     | 200 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             | \*H§        |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can be      |             |             |             |             |
| applied up  |             |             |             |             |
| to 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| from the    |             |             |             |             |
| edge of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if a    |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

48\. To protect the masked bobwhite, the Service recommends ---

Application of pesticide involving the following Pesticide Sensitive
Area should have the protection measures indicated below.

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  County              Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Pima County,        Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge
  Arizona             
  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

> a\. The Service should be consulted before implementation of a
> pesticide program for control of pests or invasive species inside or
> adjacent to the Pesticide Sensitive Area above. Applicators or
> relevant agencies should contact the Arizona field office of the
> Service at 602-242-0210 for appropriate protection measures and for
> any necessary incidental take authorization or permit before pesticide
> treatment.
>
> b\. Application of zinc phosphide or any other rodenticide in species
> habitat that is inside or adjacent to the Pesticide Sensitive Area
> defined above should be restricted to tamper-resistant bait boxes.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

49\. To protect the Mexican spotted owl, the Service recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office
> for information on the Mexican spotted owl before application of
> pesticide in mountains or canyon lands with mixed conifer forest that
> has (1) at least 70 percent canopy cover, (2) downed woody material,
> and (3) 40 percent slopes or greater. If surveys for the species are
> necessary, survey protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained
> from the Service. A Service-approved survey will be accepted for up to
> one year if the survey does not detect the presence of Mexican spotted
> owls in areas targeted for pesticide application. Further restrictions
> on pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that
> the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or
> habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted
> prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and
> for any necessary incidental take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. Pesticides should ordinarily not be applied inside or adjacent to
> protected activity centers of Mexican spotted owls. A protected
> activity center is an area of approximately 600 acres established
> around an owl activity center for conservation purposes. An "activity
> center" is defined as (1) the nest site, (2) the roost grove commonly
> used during the breeding season in absence of a verified nest site, or
> (3) the best roosting/nesting habitat if nesting and roosting
> information are lacking. For control of pest or invasive plant species
> along existing rights-of-way (paved or gravel-base roadways only)
> inside protected activity centers of the Mexican spotted owl, a
> non-persistent herbicide with a vegetable oil carrier may be used if
> the herbicide does not exceed Class 0 or Class 1 in the Predatory
> Avian toxicity group. Applicators should make sure that pesticide
> spray drift does not occur beyond the right-of-way by using pesticide
> sprays with (1) coarse droplet sizes or (2) nontoxic drift retardants.
> Applicators may conduct spot applications with Class 0 or Class 1
> herbicides in protected activity centers away from existing
> rights-of-way if (1) treatment is approved by the Service, (2) a
> backpack sprayer or other hand-operated equipment is used for the
> application, and (3) the pesticide is applied outside the general
> breeding season of March 1 through August 31.
>
> c\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~, Class 2~sp~, or Class
> 3~sp~) in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should not be used within
> 1 mile of (1) currently occupied protected activity centers as
> determined by a Service-approved survey or (2) species habitat that
> has not been surveyed.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium fluoroacetate zinc phosphide        |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied protected activity centers if (1)  |
| treatment is approved by the Service, (2) the pesticide is applied on |
| bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent colony, and (3) |
| all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> d\. For applications of pesticides other than predator/rodent control
> agents or any pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning as
> indicated above, measures to protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Pesticides (except predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide
> that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in
> the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the following buffer
> zones when applied outside (1) the perimeter of a protected activity
> center as determined by a Service-approved survey or (2) species
> habitat that has not been surveyed.[^39] Aerial pesticide applications
> should be made in swaths parallel to a protected activity center and
> its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 80 feet \*  | 300 feet \* | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone is     |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| of these    |             |             |             |             |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |             |
| in existing |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| (paved or   |             |             |             |             |
| gravel-base |             |             |             |             |
| roadways    |             |             |             |             |
| only)       |             |             |             |             |
| through owl |             |             |             |             |
| habitat.    |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| spray drift |             |             |             |             |
| does not    |             |             |             |             |
| occur       |             |             |             |             |
| beyond the  |             |             |             |             |
| r           |             |             |             |             |
| ight-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| by using    |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| sprays with |             |             |             |             |
| (1) coarse  |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| sizes or    |             |             |             |             |
| (2)         |             |             |             |             |
| nontoxic    |             |             |             |             |
| drift       |             |             |             |             |
| retardants. |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by          |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| only.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide
> that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in
> the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the following buffer
> zones when applied outside (1) the perimeter of a protected activity
> center as determined by a Service-approved survey or (2) species
> habitat that has not been surveyed.[^40] Aerial pesticide applications
> should be made in swaths parallel to a protected activity center and
> its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV or dust |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

50\. To protect the Northern aplomado falcon, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for falcon nesting sites and
> territories in accordance with Service protocols before application of
> pesticide inside or adjacent to coastal prairie, salt flats, or open
> woodland intermixed with grassland. Pesticide users should contact the
> nearest Service field office for information on survey protocols. A
> scientific permit should be obtained from the Service before
> conducting a species survey. Cooperators with the Safe Harbor Program
> of the U. S. Department of the Interior may contact the Peregrine
> Fund, 208-362-3811, for survey work on nest sites. After a survey has
> been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide application are
> unnecessary if the Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by
> the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has not been
> surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment
> for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary incidental
> take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. The following rodent control agents or any pesticide that can
> cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~, Class 2~sp~, or Class 3~sp~)
> in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should not be used within 2
> miles of (1) the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, (2) the
> edge of currently occupied territory of Northern aplomado falcons as
> determined by a Service-approved survey, or (3) species habitat that
> not been surveyed.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \*                                            |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* zinc phosphide                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied habitat or the two-mile buffer     |
| zone if (1) treatment is approved by the Service, (2) the pesticide   |
| is applied on bait sticks inside heavily used burrows of the rodent   |
| colony, and (3) all tunnel entrances of the colony are covered up.    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. For applications of pesticides other than predator/rodent control
> agents or any pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning as
> indicated above, measures to protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Pesticides (except for rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in the
> Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the following buffer zones
> near a currently occupied nest of Northern aplomado falcons.[^41]
> Applicators should watch for Northern aplomado falcons in areas of
> application and not apply any pesticide until the falcons have left.
> Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths parallel to a
> falcon nest and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial  |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | applications |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | ^3^          |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         |              |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |              |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| All         | 1/8 mile \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/4 mile    | 1/4 mile     |
| f           |             |             |             |              |
| ormulations |             |             |             |              |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |              |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |              |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |              |
|             |             |             |             |              |
| \* A        |             |             |             |              |
| 1/8-mile    |             |             |             |              |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |              |
| is          |             |             |             |              |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |              |
| for         |             |             |             |              |
| application |             |             |             |              |
| of these    |             |             |             |              |
| pesticides  |             |             |             |              |
| in existing |             |             |             |              |
| ri          |             |             |             |              |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |              |
| (paved or   |             |             |             |              |
| gravel-base |             |             |             |              |
| roadways    |             |             |             |              |
| only)       |             |             |             |              |
| through a   |             |             |             |              |
| falcon      |             |             |             |              |
| territory.  |             |             |             |              |
| Applicators |             |             |             |              |
| should make |             |             |             |              |
| sure that   |             |             |             |              |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |              |
| spray drift |             |             |             |              |
| does not    |             |             |             |              |
| occur       |             |             |             |              |
| beyond the  |             |             |             |              |
| r           |             |             |             |              |
| ight-of-way |             |             |             |              |
| by using    |             |             |             |              |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |              |
| sprays with |             |             |             |              |
| (1) coarse  |             |             |             |              |
| droplet     |             |             |             |              |
| sizes or    |             |             |             |              |
| (2)         |             |             |             |              |
| nontoxic    |             |             |             |              |
| drift       |             |             |             |              |
| retardants. |             |             |             |              |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |              |
|             |             |             |             |              |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |              |
| zone is the |             |             |             |              |
| distance    |             |             |             |              |
| between the |             |             |             |              |
| boundary of |             |             |             |              |
| the area    |             |             |             |              |
| requiring   |             |             |             |              |
| protection  |             |             |             |              |
| and the     |             |             |             |              |
| closest     |             |             |             |              |
| point of    |             |             |             |              |
| the last    |             |             |             |              |
| spot        |             |             |             |              |
| application |             |             |             |              |
| or          |             |             |             |              |
| application |             |             |             |              |
| swath.      |             |             |             |              |
| Border      |             |             |             |              |
| areas       |             |             |             |              |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |              |
| fence       |             |             |             |              |
| lines,      |             |             |             |              |
| canal       |             |             |             |              |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |              |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |              |
| be used as  |             |             |             |              |
| part of a   |             |             |             |              |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |              |
| if the      |             |             |             |              |
| border area |             |             |             |              |
| itself does |             |             |             |              |
| not involve |             |             |             |              |
| species     |             |             |             |              |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |              |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |              |
| area.       |             |             |             |              |
| Standard    |             |             |             |              |
| weather     |             |             |             |              |
| conditions  |             |             |             |              |
| for         |             |             |             |              |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |              |
| application |             |             |             |              |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |              |
| temperature |             |             |             |              |
| inversions, |             |             |             |              |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |              |
| between 3   |             |             |             |              |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |              |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |              |
| and no      |             |             |             |              |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |              |
| for 48      |             |             |             |              |
| hours)      |             |             |             |              |
| should be   |             |             |             |              |
| followed    |             |             |             |              |
| when        |             |             |             |              |
| i           |             |             |             |              |
| mplementing |             |             |             |              |
| recommended |             |             |             |              |
| buffer      |             |             |             |              |
| zones.      |             |             |             |              |
|             |             |             |             |              |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |              |
| a           |             |             |             |              |
| pplications |             |             |             |              |
| include     |             |             |             |              |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |              |
| a           |             |             |             |              |
| pplications |             |             |             |              |
| by          |             |             |             |              |
| ha          |             |             |             |              |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |              |
| equipment   |             |             |             |              |
| only.       |             |             |             |              |
|             |             |             |             |              |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |              |
| high aerial |             |             |             |              |
| a           |             |             |             |              |
| pplications |             |             |             |              |
| (re         |             |             |             |              |
| spectively, |             |             |             |              |
| aerial      |             |             |             |              |
| a           |             |             |             |              |
| pplications |             |             |             |              |
| either less |             |             |             |              |
| than 10     |             |             |             |              |
| feet or     |             |             |             |              |
| greater     |             |             |             |              |
| than 10     |             |             |             |              |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |              |
| relative to |             |             |             |              |
| the height  |             |             |             |              |
| of the      |             |             |             |              |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |              |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |              |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |              |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |              |
| of the      |             |             |             |              |
| field crop  |             |             |             |              |
| or native   |             |             |             |              |
| plant       |             |             |             |              |
| community   |             |             |             |              |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |              |
| bare ground |             |             |             |              |
| surface. In |             |             |             |              |
| grassland   |             |             |             |              |
| or          |             |             |             |              |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |              |
| plant       |             |             |             |              |
| communities |             |             |             |              |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |              |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |              |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |              |
| more than   |             |             |             |              |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |              |
| grass       |             |             |             |              |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |              |
| top of the  |             |             |             |              |
| grass       |             |             |             |              |
| canopy      |             |             |             |              |
| should be   |             |             |             |              |
| used to     |             |             |             |              |
| determine   |             |             |             |              |
| whether an  |             |             |             |              |
| aerial      |             |             |             |              |
| application |             |             |             |              |
| is low or   |             |             |             |              |
| high. For   |             |             |             |              |
| forested    |             |             |             |              |
| lands or    |             |             |             |              |
| dense       |             |             |             |              |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |              |
| with less   |             |             |             |              |
| than 40     |             |             |             |              |
| percent     |             |             |             |              |
| grass       |             |             |             |              |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |              |
| tops of     |             |             |             |              |
| trees or    |             |             |             |              |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |              |
| should be   |             |             |             |              |
| used in     |             |             |             |              |
| determining |             |             |             |              |
| whether     |             |             |             |              |
| a           |             |             |             |              |
| pplications |             |             |             |              |
| are low or  |             |             |             |              |
| high.       |             |             |             |              |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the
> Predatory Avian toxicity group should only be used outside of species
> territory and should have the following buffer zones when applied at
> the edge of (1) currently occupied territory of Northern aplomado
> falcons as determined by a Service-approved survey or (2) species
> habitat that has not been surveyed.[^42] Applicators should watch for
> Northern aplomado falcons in areas of application and not apply any
> pesticide until the falcons have left. Aerial pesticide applications
> should be made in swaths parallel to a falcon nest and its aerial
> buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 1/4 mile    | 1/2 mile    | 1/2 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

51\. To protect the pygmy-owl (cactus ferruginous), the Service
recommends ---

> a\. Pesticide users should contact Arizona field offices of the
> Service in Tucson at 520-670-6144 or Phoenix at 602-242-0210 for
> information on the pygmy-owl before application of pesticide in
> woodland (including riparian woodland), semidesert grassland,
> thornscrub, or desert scrubland that has trees and/or cacti large
> enough (i.e., trunk diameters greater than six inches) for pygmy-owl
> nesting cavities. If a survey for the species is necessary, survey
> protocols and a scientific permit should be obtained from the Service.
> A Service-approved survey will be accepted for the entire calendar
> year in which it was conducted if the survey does not detect
> pygmy-owls in areas targeted for pesticide application. Further
> restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service
> concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied
> habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service should be
> consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate protection
> measures and for any necessary incidental take authorization or
> permit.
>
> b\. Pesticides should ordinarily not be applied inside or adjacent to
> pygmy-owl sites. A pygmy-owl site is defined as an area of
> approximately 240 acres that has (1) cavity nests of resident owls;
> and/or (2) an activity center that is the center of locations used by
> non-breeding individuals that have been in the area for more than two
> weeks. For control of pest or invasive plant species along existing
> rights-of-way (paved or gravel-base roadways only) inside pygmy-owl
> sites, a non-persistent herbicide with a vegetable oil carrier may be
> used if the herbicide does not exceed Class 0 or Class 1 in the
> Predatory Avian toxicity group. Applicators should make sure that
> pesticide spray drift does not occur beyond the right-of-way by using
> pesticide sprays with (1) coarse droplet sizes or (2) nontoxic drift
> retardants. Applicators may conduct spot applications with Class 0 or
> Class 1 herbicides inside pygmy-owl sites away from existing
> rights-of-way if (1) treatment is approved by the Service, (2) a
> backpack sprayer or other hand-operated equipment is used for the
> application, and (3) the pesticide is applied outside the general
> breeding season of February 1 through July 31.
>
> c\. The following predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide that
> can cause secondary poisoning (Class 1~sp~, Class 2~sp~, or Class
> 3~sp~) in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should not be used within
> 1 mile of (1) currently occupied pygmy-owl sites as determined by a
> Service-approved survey or (2) species habitat that has not been
> surveyed.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| brodifacoum diphacinone \* sodium fluoroacetate zinc phosphide        |
|                                                                       |
| chlorophacinone \* sodium cyanide strychnine                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Alternative Buffer Zones:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| \* Chlorophacinone or diphacinone may be applied below ground for     |
| control of rodents inside occupied habitat if (1) treatment is        |
| approved by the Service, (2) the pesticide is applied on bait sticks  |
| inside heavily used burrows of the rodent colony, and (3) all tunnel  |
| entrances of the colony are covered up.                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> d\. For applications outside of pygmy-owl sites with pesticides other
> than predator/rodent control agents or pesticides that cause secondary
> poisoning as indicated above, measures to protect the species are:

♦ Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents or any pesticide
that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in
the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the following buffer
zones when applied outside (1) the perimeter of a pygmy-owl site as
determined by a Service-approved survey or (2) species habitat that has
not been surveyed.[^43] Aerial pesticide applications should be made in
swaths parallel to a pygmy-owl site and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet \* | 1/3 mile    | 1/3 mile †  | 1/3 mile †  |
| f           |             | \*†         |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* Within   |             |             |             |             |
| existing    |             |             |             |             |
| ri          |             |             |             |             |
| ghts-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| through     |             |             |             |             |
| pygmy-owl   |             |             |             |             |
| habitat, a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| is          |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| of          |             |             |             |             |
| no          |             |             |             |             |
| npersistent |             |             |             |             |
| herbicides  |             |             |             |             |
| that (1)    |             |             |             |             |
| are rated   |             |             |             |             |
| as Class 0  |             |             |             |             |
| or Class 1  |             |             |             |             |
| in the      |             |             |             |             |
| Predatory   |             |             |             |             |
| Avian       |             |             |             |             |
| toxicity    |             |             |             |             |
| group and   |             |             |             |             |
| (2) use     |             |             |             |             |
| only        |             |             |             |             |
| vegetable   |             |             |             |             |
| oil as a    |             |             |             |             |
| carrier.    |             |             |             |             |
| Applicators |             |             |             |             |
| should make |             |             |             |             |
| sure that   |             |             |             |             |
| spray drift |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| herbicide   |             |             |             |             |
| does not    |             |             |             |             |
| occur       |             |             |             |             |
| beyond the  |             |             |             |             |
| r           |             |             |             |             |
| ight-of-way |             |             |             |             |
| by using a  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| spray with  |             |             |             |             |
| coarse      |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| sizes from  |             |             |             |             |
| a spray gun |             |             |             |             |
| or boom on  |             |             |             |             |
| a spray     |             |             |             |             |
| tank.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| † These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 1/4 mile |             |             |             |             |
| at the      |             |             |             |             |
| perimeter   |             |             |             |             |
| of a        |             |             |             |             |
| pygmy-owl   |             |             |             |             |
| site if     |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| n           |             |             |             |             |
| on-breeding |             |             |             |             |
| season      |             |             |             |             |
| (August 1   |             |             |             |             |
| to January  |             |             |             |             |
| 31).        |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides (except for predator/rodent control agents or any
> pesticide that can cause secondary poisoning) that rate as Class 2 or
> Class 3 in the Predatory Avian toxicity group should have the
> following buffer zones when applied outside (1) the perimeter of a
> pygmy-owl site as determined by a Service-approved survey or (2)
> species habitat that has not been surveyed.[^44] Aerial pesticide
> applications should be made in swaths parallel to a pygmy-owl site and
> its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| All         | 300 feet    | 1/3 mile \* | 1/3 mile \* | 1/3 mile \* |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV or dust |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 300 feet    | 1/3 mile \* | 1/3 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^4^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 1/4 mile |             |             |             |             |
| at the      |             |             |             |             |
| perimeter   |             |             |             |             |
| of a        |             |             |             |             |
| pygmy-owl   |             |             |             |             |
| site if     |             |             |             |             |
| applied     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| n           |             |             |             |             |
| on-breeding |             |             |             |             |
| season      |             |             |             |             |
| (August 1   |             |             |             |             |
| to January  |             |             |             |             |
| 31).        |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

52\. To protect the red-cockaded woodpecker, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW)
> clusters in accordance with Service protocols before application of
> pesticide inside or adjacent to pine or pine-hardwood forest. A
> cluster is defined as one or more cavity nest trees with a 200-foot
> buffer (200 feet = 3 chains). Single clusters have a minimum of 10
> acres with at least one cavity tree. Pesticide users should contact
> the nearest Service field office for information on survey protocols.
> A scientific permit should be obtained from the Service before
> conducting a species survey. A Service-approved survey will be
> accepted for up to one year if the survey does not detect the presence
> of active RCW clusters in areas targeted for pesticide application;
> however, areas with abandoned clusters must be re-surveyed before
> pesticide application can occur. After a survey has been conducted,
> further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to pesticide treatment for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit.
>
> b\. Pesticides should not be applied inside or adjacent to active RCW
> clusters or clusters that have not been determined by the Service to
> be abandoned. For control of pest or invasive plant species along
> existing rights-of-way (paved or gravel-base roadways only) inside RCW
> clusters, a non-persistent herbicide with a vegetable oil carrier may
> be used if the herbicide does not exceed Class 0 or Class 1 in the
> Small Avian toxicity group. Applicators should make sure that
> pesticide spray drift does not occur beyond the right-of-way by using
> pesticide sprays with (1) coarse droplet sizes or (2) nontoxic drift
> retardants. Applicators may conduct spot applications for selective
> control of mid-story hardwoods inside an RCW cluster away from
> existing rights-of-way by using a triclopyr pesticide (e.g., Garlon7
> 4) and a carrier material of diesel or sunflower oil. Treatment with
> the triclopyr pesticide should be made only if (1) treatment is
> approved by the Service, (2) a backpack sprayer is used to apply the
> pesticide in a basal streamline spray, and (3) the pesticide is
> applied outside the general breeding season of March 1 through July
> 31.
>
> c\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) clusters
> of the red-cockaded woodpecker, measures to protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides that are rated
> as Class 0 in the Small Avian toxicity group and Class 0 or Class 1 in
> the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group when these pesticides are
> applied outside the perimeter of an RCW cluster as determined by a
> Service-approved survey. Applicators using these pesticides should
> make sure that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not
> occur inside the perimeter of the RCW cluster as a result of pesticide
> application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the Small Avian toxicity group
> should have the following buffer zones when applied outside the
> perimeter of an RCW cluster as determined by a Service-approved
> survey. The buffer zones should also be used for pesticides that rate
> as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group but
> are not rated higher than Class 1 in the Small Avian toxicity group.
> Aerial pesticide applications should be made in swaths parallel to an
> RCW cluster and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | none        | 30 feet \*  | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | none        | 30 feet \*  | 150 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet H   | 80 feet H   | 500 feet H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone at the |             |             |             |             |
| cluster=s   |             |             |             |             |
| perimeter   |             |             |             |             |
| is          |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     if a    |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Small Avian
> toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when applied
> outside the perimeter of an RCW cluster as determined by a
> Service-approved survey. Aerial pesticide applications should be made
> in swaths parallel to an RCW cluster and its aerial buffer zone.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet \*  | 60 feet \*  | 300 feet H§ | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet H  | 150 feet H  | 1/4 mile H  | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* A buffer |             |             |             |             |
| zone at the |             |             |             |             |
| cluster=s   |             |             |             |             |
| perimeter   |             |             |             |             |
| is          |             |             |             |             |
| unnecessary |             |             |             |             |
| for these   |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is placed   |             |             |             |             |
| into the    |             |             |             |             |
| soil below  |             |             |             |             |
| a 12-inch   |             |             |             |             |
| depth.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     if a    |             |             |             |             |
|     strong, |             |             |             |             |
|     steady  |             |             |             |             |
|     wind of |             |             |             |             |
|     at      |             |             |             |             |
|     least 3 |             |             |             |             |
|     miles   |             |             |             |             |
|     per     |             |             |             |             |
|     hour is |             |             |             |             |
|     blowing |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    directly |             |             |             |             |
|     away    |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     during  |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     time of |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ```{=html}  |             |             |             |             |
| <!-- -->    |             |             |             |             |
| ```         |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   cluster=s |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   perimeter |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

53\. To protect the whooping crane, the Service recommends ---

Application of pesticide involving the following Pesticide Sensitive
Areas should have the protection measures indicated below. In areas
outside the Pesticide Sensitive Areas, applicators should watch for
whooping cranes in fields or wetlands within a 150-mile wide migration
corridor that is centered on a line stretching between the following
cities: (1) the city of Rockport on the Texas Gulf Coast, (2) the city
of Wichita Falls in north-central Texas, and (3) the city of Woodward in
northwest Oklahoma. The two periods for crane migration from Texas to
Canada and back occur from March to June and from September to November,
respectively. Pesticides should not be applied in an area with cranes
until after the cranes have left.

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  County        Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Alfalfa       Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
  County,       
  Oklahoma      

  Aransas       Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and the critical habitat
  County, Texas area for whooping cranes (see 50 CFR \[Code of Federal
                Regulations\] § 17.95 in http://www.gpo.gov or contact
                the Corpus Christi field office of the Service at
                361-994-9005).

  Calhoun       Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and the critical habitat
  County, Texas area for whooping cranes (see 50 CFR \[Code of Federal
                Regulations\] § 17.95 in http://www.gpo.gov or contact
                the Corpus Christi field office of the Service at
                361-994-9005).

  Clay County,  Byers Lake
  Texas         

  Refugio       Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and the critical habitat
  County, Texas area for whooping cranes (see 50 CFR \[Code of Federal
                Regulations\] § 17.95 in http://www.gpo.gov or contact
                the Corpus Christi field office of the Service at
                361-994-9005).
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

> a\. The Service should be consulted before implementation of a
> pesticide program for control of pests or invasive species involving
> the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above. Applicators or relevant
> agencies should contact a Service field office for appropriate
> protection measures and for any necessary incidental take
> authorization or permit before pesticide treatment. For Texas
> counties, the Corpus Christi Field Office of the Service can be
> contacted at 361-994-9005. The Oklahoma Field Office of the Service
> can be contacted at 918-581-7458.
>
> b\. Application of zinc phosphide or any other rodenticide within the
> Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above should be restricted to
> tamper-resistant bait boxes.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

54\. To protect the desert tortoise, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the desert tortoise in accordance
> with Service protocols before implementation of a pesticide program
> for control of pests or invasive species inside desert scrubland.
> Pesticide users should contact the nearest Service field office for
> information on survey protocols. A scientific permit should be
> obtained from the Service before conducting a species survey. After a
> survey has been conducted, further restrictions on pesticide
> application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the habitat is
> unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat that has
> not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to pesticide
> treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any necessary
> incidental take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. Applicators or relevant agencies should not use the following
> burrow fumigants or any other burrow fumigant unless they have
> previously been trained to distinguish burrows of target species from
> burrows used by the desert tortoise. Individuals with adequate
> training to distinguish tortoise-inhabited burrows potentially include
> certified applicators and biologists of county extension services,
> state agricultural departments, or state/Federal wildlife management
> agencies.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein magnesium phosphide sodium nitrate                           |
|                                                                       |
| aluminum phosphide potassium nitrate                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. For application of pesticides (except for burrow fumigants as
> indicated above) inside occupied habitat or species habitat that has
> not been surveyed, measures to protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Non-herbicidal pesticides (e.g., fungicides) rated as Class 0 in the
> Reptile toxicity group do not ordinarily require protection measures
> when these pesticides are applied inside occupied habitat or
> un-surveyed habitat. Applicators using these pesticides should make
> sure that adverse effects for proposed or listed species will not
> occur inside species habitat as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ A pesticide should not be used inside or adjacent to occupied
> habitat if the pesticide rates as (1) Class D, (2) Class M, (3) Class
> NS, or (4) any class higher than Class 0 in the Reptile toxicity
> group. An exception is application of herbicides (Classes D, M, or NS)
> that rate no higher than Class 1 in the Reptile toxicity group. These
> pesticides may be applied in existing rights-of-way through desert
> tortoise habitat. Applicators should make sure that pesticide spray
> drift does not occur beyond the right-of-way by using pesticide sprays
> with coarse droplet sizes from a spray gun or boom on a spray tank.

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

55\. To protect the Barton Springs salamander, the Service recommends
---

Application of pesticides inside the following Pesticide Sensitive Areas
should have the protection measures indicated below. The Service should
be consulted before application of pesticide within 500 feet of species
habitat in Main Springs, Eliza Springs, Sunken Garden Springs, or Upper
Barton Springs inside Zilker Park in the city of Austin. The Service
should also be consulted before implementation of a pesticide program
for control of pests or invasive species inside a Pesticide Sensitive
Area where pesticide residues may occur in runoff into the Edwards
Aquifer.

  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  County       Pesticide Sensitive Area

  Hays County, The watersheds of Barton Creek, Bear Creek, Little Barton
  Texas        Creek, Little Bear Creek, and Onion Creek.

  Travis       The watersheds of Barton Creek, Bear Creek, Little Bear
  County,      Creek, Slaughter Creek, and Williams Creek. Also, the part
  Texas        of the Onion Creek watershed that is west of Interstate
               Highway 35.
  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

a\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside or adjacent to
species habitat unless approved by the Service.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> b\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
> application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
> that contribute ground water or surface water to species habitat.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 0 or Class 1 in the Aquatic Amphibian
> toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when applied at
> the edge of any waterbody or aquifer recharge feature (cave, sinkhole,
> crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above. The
> buffer zones should also be used for pesticides that rate as Class 2
> or Class 3 in the Aquatic Arthropod toxicity group but are not rated
> higher than Class 1 in the Aquatic Amphibian toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     | 50 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 80 feet \*H | 200 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet \* | 150 feet \* | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 50 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     50 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    crevice, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Aquatic Amphibian
> toxicity group should have the appropriate buffer zone when applied at
> the edge of any waterbody or aquifer recharge feature (cave, sinkhole,
> crevice, etc.) within the Pesticide Sensitive Areas defined above.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | none        | none        | None        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     | 80 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 200 feet \* | 200 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 80 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or aquifer  |             |             |             |             |
| recharge    |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| (cave,      |             |             |             |             |
| sinkhole,   |             |             |             |             |
| crevice,    |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) to be |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     80 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     aquifer |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    recharge |             |             |             |             |
|     feature |             |             |             |             |
|     (cave,  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   sinkhole, |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    crevice, |             |             |             |             |
|     etc.)   |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

56\. To protect the Chiricahua leopard frog, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for Chiricahua leopard frogs in
> accordance with Service protocols before application of pesticide
> adjacent to cienagas (desert marshes), ponds, livestock tanks, and
> shallow areas of lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers. Pesticide
> users should contact either the New Mexico Field Office of the Service
> at 505-346-2525 or the Phoenix Field Office of the Service at
> 602-242-0210 for information on survey protocols and the likelihood of
> Chiricahua leopard frogs occurring in the area of pesticide
> application. A scientific permit should be obtained from the Service
> before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been conducted,
> further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or potentially occupied habitat (i.e., suitable
> habitat that has not been surveyed or suitable habitat for which
> surveys were inconclusive), the Service should be consulted prior to
> pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
> other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
> aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside occupied or
> potentially occupied aquatic habitat unless approved by the Service.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
> application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
> that (1) are occupied by the species, (2) have not been surveyed, or
> (3) have inconclusive surveys. Recommended buffer zones should be used
> at the edge of the estimated annual high water line of the waterbody
> or wetland to be protected. The buffer zones should also be applied
> for (1) at least 1/2 mile upstream from the habitat area in any
> ephemeral to perennial contributing channel, tributary, or spring run
> and (2) at least 300 feet downstream from species habitat.
>
> ♦ Pesticides rated as Class 0 in the Aquatic Amphibian, Aquatic
> Arthropod, and Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity groups may be applied on
> land below or above the high water line of species habitat.
> Applicators using these pesticides should make sure that adverse
> effects for proposed or listed species will not occur inside species
> habitat as a result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the Aquatic Amphibian toxicity
> group should not be applied on land below the high water line of
> species habitat and should have the following buffer zones when
> applied on land above the high water line of species habitat. The
> buffer zones should also be used for pesticides that rate as Class 2
> or Class 3 in either the Aquatic Arthropod or Terrestrial Arthropod
> toxicity groups but are not rated higher than Class 1 in the Aquatic
> Amphibian toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 30 feet \*  | 100 feet    | 100 feet    | 100 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 30 feet \*  | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 30 feet \*  | 350 feet H§ | 450 feet H§ | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 400 feet H  | 400 feet H  | 1/8 mile H  | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| do not      |             |             |             |             |
| require a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| above the   |             |             |             |             |
| high water  |             |             |             |             |
| line of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if (1) the  |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is approved |             |             |             |             |
| by the      |             |             |             |             |
| Service and |             |             |             |             |
| (2) the     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by          |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment.  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| † These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| above the   |             |             |             |             |
| high water  |             |             |             |             |
| line of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| § These     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 300 feet |             |             |             |             |
| above the   |             |             |             |             |
| high water  |             |             |             |             |
| line of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| is applied  |             |             |             |             |
| by a        |             |             |             |             |
| sprayer     |             |             |             |             |
| with low    |             |             |             |             |
| pressure    |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles     |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| deliver a   |             |             |             |             |
| spray       |             |             |             |             |
| ranging     |             |             |             |             |
| from coarse |             |             |             |             |
| to very     |             |             |             |             |
| coarse in   |             |             |             |             |
| droplet     |             |             |             |             |
| size.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 in the Aquatic Amphibian toxicity
> group should not be applied below the high water line of species
> habitat and should have the following buffer zones when applied above
> the high water line of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 50 feet     | 200 feet    | 200 feet    | 200 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 50 feet     | 350 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 450 feet \* | 450 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 350 feet |             |             |             |             |
| above the   |             |             |             |             |
| high water  |             |             |             |             |
| line of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     350     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet    |             |             |             |             |
|     above   |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     high    |             |             |             |             |
|     water   |             |             |             |             |
|     line of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 3 in the Aquatic Amphibian toxicity
> group should not be applied below the high water line of species
> habitat and should have the following buffer zones when applied above
> the high water line of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 100 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    | 300 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    | 350 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 100 feet    | 400 feet    | 1/8 mile    | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             | \*†         | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 500 feet \* | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 3/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 350 feet |             |             |             |             |
| above the   |             |             |             |             |
| high water  |             |             |             |             |
| line of the |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or wetland  |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if a        |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the         |             |             |             |             |
| waterbody   |             |             |             |             |
| or recharge |             |             |             |             |
| feature     |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplication. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     350     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet    |             |             |             |             |
|     above   |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     high    |             |             |             |             |
|     water   |             |             |             |             |
|     line of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   waterbody |             |             |             |             |
|     or      |             |             |             |             |
|     wetland |             |             |             |             |
|     to be   |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

57\. To protect the Houston toad, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the Houston toad in accordance
> with Service protocols before application of pesticide inside or
> adjacent to pine or oak woodland with pockets of deep sand. Pesticide
> users should contact the Austin field office of the Service at
> 512-490-0057 for information on survey protocols. A scientific permit
> should be obtained from the Service before conducting a species
> survey. After a survey has been conducted, further restrictions on
> pesticide application are unnecessary if the Service concurs that the
> habitat is unoccupied by the species. For occupied habitat or habitat
> that has not been surveyed, the Service should be consulted prior to
> pesticide treatment for appropriate protection measures and for any
> necessary incidental take authorization or permit.
>
> b\. Applicators should not use the following aquatic pesticides or any
> other pesticide formulations labeled for aquatic use (piscicides,
> aquatic herbicides, mosquito control agents, etc.) inside waterbodies
> or wetlands that serve as species habitat unless approved by the
> Service.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| acrolein 2, 4-D (e.g., Aqua-Kleen7) glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo7)         |
| terbutryn                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| antimycin A diquat imazapyr (e.g., Habitat7)                          |
|                                                                       |
| copper chelate endothall rotenone                                     |
|                                                                       |
| copper sulfate fluridone simazine                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

> c\. Applicators should use the following protection measures for
> application of pesticides on land adjacent to waterbodies and wetlands
> that serve as species habitat. Recommended buffer zones should be used
> for (1) all of the habitat area and (2) at least 1 mile upstream from
> the habitat area in any contributing channel, tributary, or spring
> run. The buffer zones should also be applied for at least 300 feet
> downstream from species habitat.
>
> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides rated as Class 0
> in the Terrestrial Amphibian toxicity group when these pesticides are
> applied at the edge of species habitat. Applicators using these
> pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for proposed or
> listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a result of
> pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 1 in the Terrestrial Amphibian
> toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when applied at
> the edge of species habitat. The buffer zones should also be used for
> pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in either the Aquatic
> Arthropod or Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity groups but are not rated
> higher than Class 1 in the Terrestrial Amphibian toxicity group.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | None        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     | 30 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 10 feet     | 30 feet     | 150 feet    | 1/8 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 80 feet \*  | 80 feet \*  | 500 feet \* | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 30 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| following   |             |             |             |             |
| two         |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| are met:    |             |             |             |             |
| (1) a       |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| and (2)     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| residues in |             |             |             |             |
| surface     |             |             |             |             |
| runoff      |             |             |             |             |
| cannot      |             |             |             |             |
| drain into  |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| after a     |             |             |             |             |
| pr          |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
| event.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     30 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Terrestrial
> Amphibian toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
> applied at the edge of species habitat.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | None        | none        | none        | none        |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 20 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     | 60 feet     |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 20 feet     | 60 feet     | 300 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 150 feet \* | 150 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 60 feet  |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| following   |             |             |             |             |
| two         |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| are met:    |             |             |             |             |
| (1) a       |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| and (2)     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| residues in |             |             |             |             |
| surface     |             |             |             |             |
| runoff      |             |             |             |             |
| cannot      |             |             |             |             |
| drain into  |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| after a     |             |             |             |             |
| pr          |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
| event.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     60 feet |             |             |             |             |
|     at the  |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

58\. To protect the American burying beetle, the Service recommends ---

> a\. A survey should be conducted for the American burying beetle in
> accordance with Service protocols before application of an insecticide
> inside or adjacent to open grassland, oak-pine woodland, oak-hickory
> forest, or pasture. Pesticide users should contact the Oklahoma Field
> Office of the Service at 918-581-7458 for information on survey
> protocols. A scientific permit should be obtained from the Service
> before conducting a species survey. After a survey has been conducted,
> further restrictions on pesticide application are unnecessary if the
> Service concurs that the habitat is unoccupied by the species. For
> occupied habitat or habitat that has not been surveyed, the Service
> should be consulted prior to treatment for appropriate protection
> measures and for any necessary incidental take authorization or
> permit.
>
> b\. For pesticide applications adjacent to (but not within) occupied
> habitat or species habitat that has not been surveyed, measures to
> protect the species are:
>
> ♦ Buffer zones are usually unnecessary for pesticides rated as Class 0
> or Class 1 in the Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group when these
> pesticides are applied at the edge of species habitat. Applicators
> using these pesticides should make sure that adverse effects for
> proposed or listed species will not occur inside species habitat as a
> result of pesticide application.
>
> ♦ Pesticides that rate as Class 2 or Class 3 in the Terrestrial
> Arthropod toxicity group should have the following buffer zones when
> these pesticides are applied at the edge of species habitat. When
> possible, applicators should not apply pesticide in cropland adjacent
> to occupied species habitat earlier than one hour after sunrise.

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Buffer      | Spot        | Mechanized  | Low aerial  | High aerial |
| Zones ^1^   |             | ground      | a           | a           |
|             | a           | a           | pplications | pplications |
|             | pplications | pplications | ^3^         | ^3^         |
|             | ^2^         |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Bait        | 70 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| (insect     |             |             |             |             |
| baits only) |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Solid       | 70 feet     | 100 feet    | 100 feet    | 100 feet    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| insect      |             |             |             |             |
| baits ^4^   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Liquid      | 70 feet     | 100 feet    | 350 feet    | 1/4 mile    |
| f           |             |             | \*H         |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^5^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ULV or dust | 200 feet \* | 200 feet \* | 1/4 mile \* | 1/2 mile    |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| ^6^         |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Alternative |             |             |             |             |
| Buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| Zones:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| \* These    |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| and         |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| can have a  |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| of 100 feet |             |             |             |             |
| at the edge |             |             |             |             |
| of the area |             |             |             |             |
| to be       |             |             |             |             |
| protected   |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| following   |             |             |             |             |
| two         |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| are met:    |             |             |             |             |
| (1) a       |             |             |             |             |
| strong,     |             |             |             |             |
| steady wind |             |             |             |             |
| of at least |             |             |             |             |
| 3 miles per |             |             |             |             |
| hour is     |             |             |             |             |
| blowing     |             |             |             |             |
| directly    |             |             |             |             |
| away from   |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| during the  |             |             |             |             |
| time of     |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| and (2)     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| residues in |             |             |             |             |
| surface     |             |             |             |             |
| runoff      |             |             |             |             |
| cannot      |             |             |             |             |
| drain into  |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| after a     |             |             |             |             |
| pr          |             |             |             |             |
| ecipitation |             |             |             |             |
| event.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| -   These   |             |             |             |             |
|     a       |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
|     and     |             |             |             |             |
|     f       |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
|     can     |             |             |             |             |
|     have a  |             |             |             |             |
|     buffer  |             |             |             |             |
|     zone of |             |             |             |             |
|     100     |             |             |             |             |
|     feet at |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     edge of |             |             |             |             |
|     the     |             |             |             |             |
|     area to |             |             |             |             |
|     be      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   protected |             |             |             |             |
|     if the  |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|   pesticide |             |             |             |             |
|     is      |             |             |             |             |
|     applied |             |             |             |             |
|     by a    |             |             |             |             |
|     sprayer |             |             |             |             |
|     with    |             |             |             |             |
|     low     |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|    pressure |             |             |             |             |
|     nozzles |             |             |             |             |
|     that    |             |             |             |             |
|     deliver |             |             |             |             |
|     a spray |             |             |             |             |
|     ranging |             |             |             |             |
|     from    |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     to very |             |             |             |             |
|     coarse  |             |             |             |             |
|     in      |             |             |             |             |
|     droplet |             |             |             |             |
|     size.   |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 1 A buffer  |             |             |             |             |
| zone is the |             |             |             |             |
| distance    |             |             |             |             |
| between the |             |             |             |             |
| boundary of |             |             |             |             |
| the area    |             |             |             |             |
| requiring   |             |             |             |             |
| protection  |             |             |             |             |
| and the     |             |             |             |             |
| closest     |             |             |             |             |
| point of    |             |             |             |             |
| the last    |             |             |             |             |
| spot        |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| swath.      |             |             |             |             |
| Border      |             |             |             |             |
| areas       |             |             |             |             |
| (roadways,  |             |             |             |             |
| fence       |             |             |             |             |
| lines,      |             |             |             |             |
| canal       |             |             |             |             |
| dikes,      |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) may   |             |             |             |             |
| be used as  |             |             |             |             |
| part of a   |             |             |             |             |
| buffer zone |             |             |             |             |
| if the      |             |             |             |             |
| border area |             |             |             |             |
| itself does |             |             |             |             |
| not involve |             |             |             |             |
| species     |             |             |             |             |
| habitat or  |             |             |             |             |
| a sensitive |             |             |             |             |
| area.       |             |             |             |             |
| Standard    |             |             |             |             |
| weather     |             |             |             |             |
| conditions  |             |             |             |             |
| for         |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| (i.e., no   |             |             |             |             |
| temperature |             |             |             |             |
| inversions, |             |             |             |             |
| wind speeds |             |             |             |             |
| between 3   |             |             |             |             |
| to 10 miles |             |             |             |             |
| per hour,   |             |             |             |             |
| and no      |             |             |             |             |
| rainfall    |             |             |             |             |
| for 48      |             |             |             |             |
| hours)      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| followed    |             |             |             |             |
| when        |             |             |             |             |
| i           |             |             |             |             |
| mplementing |             |             |             |             |
| recommended |             |             |             |             |
| buffer      |             |             |             |             |
| zones.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 2 Spot      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| by (1)      |             |             |             |             |
| ha          |             |             |             |             |
| nd-operated |             |             |             |             |
| equipment   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| spray gun   |             |             |             |             |
| that        |             |             |             |             |
| discharges  |             |             |             |             |
| pesticide   |             |             |             |             |
| in liquid   |             |             |             |             |
| streams     |             |             |             |             |
| from a      |             |             |             |             |
| spray tank. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 3 Low and   |             |             |             |             |
| high aerial |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| (re         |             |             |             |             |
| spectively, |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| either less |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet or     |             |             |             |             |
| greater     |             |             |             |             |
| than 10     |             |             |             |             |
| feet) are   |             |             |             |             |
| relative to |             |             |             |             |
| the height  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| nozzles or  |             |             |             |             |
| spreaders   |             |             |             |             |
| above (1)   |             |             |             |             |
| the canopy  |             |             |             |             |
| of the      |             |             |             |             |
| field crop  |             |             |             |             |
| or native   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or (2) a    |             |             |             |             |
| bare ground |             |             |             |             |
| surface. In |             |             |             |             |
| grassland   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| semi-open   |             |             |             |             |
| plant       |             |             |             |             |
| communities |             |             |             |             |
| (shrubland, |             |             |             |             |
| woodland,   |             |             |             |             |
| etc.) with  |             |             |             |             |
| more than   |             |             |             |             |
| 40 percent  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| top of the  |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| canopy      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used to     |             |             |             |             |
| determine   |             |             |             |             |
| whether an  |             |             |             |             |
| aerial      |             |             |             |             |
| application |             |             |             |             |
| is low or   |             |             |             |             |
| high. For   |             |             |             |             |
| forested    |             |             |             |             |
| lands or    |             |             |             |             |
| dense       |             |             |             |             |
| shrubland   |             |             |             |             |
| with less   |             |             |             |             |
| than 40     |             |             |             |             |
| percent     |             |             |             |             |
| grass       |             |             |             |             |
| cover, the  |             |             |             |             |
| tops of     |             |             |             |             |
| trees or    |             |             |             |             |
| shrubs      |             |             |             |             |
| should be   |             |             |             |             |
| used in     |             |             |             |             |
| determining |             |             |             |             |
| whether     |             |             |             |             |
| a           |             |             |             |             |
| pplications |             |             |             |             |
| are low or  |             |             |             |             |
| high.       |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 4 Solid     |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include     |             |             |             |             |
| baits,      |             |             |             |             |
| granules,   |             |             |             |             |
| pellets,    |             |             |             |             |
| and treated |             |             |             |             |
| seed but do |             |             |             |             |
| not include |             |             |             |             |
| dusts.      |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 5 Liquid    |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| include any |             |             |             |             |
| type of     |             |             |             |             |
| l           |             |             |             |             |
| iquid-based |             |             |             |             |
| formulation |             |             |             |             |
| other than  |             |             |             |             |
| ULV         |             |             |             |             |
| fo          |             |             |             |             |
| rmulations. |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| 6 ULV       |             |             |             |             |
| (ultra low  |             |             |             |             |
| volume)     |             |             |             |             |
| refers to   |             |             |             |             |
| liquid      |             |             |             |             |
| f           |             |             |             |             |
| ormulations |             |             |             |             |
| applied at  |             |             |             |             |
| a rate of   |             |             |             |             |
| 1/2 gallon  |             |             |             |             |
| or less per |             |             |             |             |
| acre.       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

**4.4 Supplemental Information**

**4.4.1 Screening-level hazard assessment for pesticide ecotoxicity**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 20%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="23"><strong>Table 2. Ecotoxicity ratings for pesticide
active ingredients and various formulations</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5"><strong>Pesticide</strong></th>
<th colspan="18"><strong>Species toxicity groups * H §</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th><strong>common name/active ingredient</strong></th>
<th><p><strong>alternative name/</strong></p>
<p><strong>e.g., trade name®</strong></p></th>
<th><strong>type I</strong></th>
<th><strong>use **</strong></th>
<th><strong>CASRN</strong></th>
<th><strong>L-MA</strong></th>
<th><strong>P-MA</strong></th>
<th><strong>S-MA</strong></th>
<th><strong>G-AV</strong></th>
<th><strong>L-AV</strong></th>
<th><strong>P-AV</strong></th>
<th><strong>S-AV</strong></th>
<th><strong>W-AV</strong></th>
<th><strong>REP</strong></th>
<th><strong>A-AM</strong></th>
<th><strong>T-AM</strong></th>
<th><strong>CW-F</strong></th>
<th><strong>WW-F</strong></th>
<th><strong>A-AR</strong></th>
<th><strong>BEE</strong></th>
<th><strong>T-AR</strong></th>
<th><strong>FW-M</strong></th>
<th><strong>PLANT</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ABAMECTIN</td>
<td>AVERMECTIN</td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>65195-55-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ACEPHATE (see note below)</td>
<td>e.g., ORTHENE</td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C, F, R/P, U</td>
<td>30560-19-1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ACETAMIPRID</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>135410-20-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ACETOCHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>34256-82-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ACIFLUORFEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>62476-59-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ACROLEIN (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., MAGNACIDE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>107-02-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ACROLEIN (nonaquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>107-02-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ALACHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>15972-60-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ALDICARB (granular formulation only)</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>116-06-3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ALDOXYCARB</td>
<td>ALDICARB SULFONE</td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1646-88-4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ALLETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>584-79-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ALLOXYDIM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>66003-55-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>20859-73-8</td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AMETRYN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>834-12-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>AMICARBAZONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1299090-90-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AMINOPYRIDINE</td>
<td>e.g., AVITROL</td>
<td>A</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>504-24-5</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>AMITRAZ</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>33089-61-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AMITROLE (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>R/P</td>
<td>61-82-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>AMMONIUM CHLORIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1215-02-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AMS</td>
<td>AMMONIUM SULFAMATE</td>
<td>ADJ</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>7783-06-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ANCYMIDOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>12771-68-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ANILAZINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>101-05-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ANTIMYCIN A (aquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>P</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>1397-94-0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ARSENIC ACID</td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1327-53-3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ASULAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>3337-71-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ATRAZINE (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>1912-24-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>AZADIRACHTIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>1141-17-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AZAFENIDIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>68049-83-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>AZINPHOS-METHYL</td>
<td>e.g., GUTHION</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>86-50-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>AZOXYSTROBIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>131860-33-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, L</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>68038-71-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BENALAXYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>71626-11-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BENDIOCARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>22781-23-3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BENEFIN</td>
<td>BENFLURALIN</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1861-40-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BENOMYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, F, U</td>
<td>17804-35-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BENOXACOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>S</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>98730-04-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BENSULFURON METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>83055-99-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BENSULIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>741-58-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BENTAZON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>50723-80-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BIFENAZATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1332-58-7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BIFENOX</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>42576-02-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BIFENTHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>82657-04-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BISPYRIBAC-SODIUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>125401-75-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BORIC ACID</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, L</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>10043-35-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BOSCALID</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>188425-85-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BRODIFACOUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>56073-10-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BROMACIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>314-40-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>BROMADIOLONE</p>
<p>(0.005% concentration only)</p></td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>28772-56-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1<sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1<sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BROMETHALIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>63333-35-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BROMOXYNIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1689-99-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BUTACHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>23184-66-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>BUTAFENACIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>D, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>134605-64-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>BUTYLATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2008-41-5</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CACODYLIC ACID</td>
<td>DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>75-60-5</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CAPTAN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>133-06-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CARBARYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F, R/P, U</td>
<td>63-25-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CARBENDAZIM</td>
<td>MBC</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>10605-21-7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CARBOFURAN</td>
<td>e.g., FURADAN</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1563-66-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CARBON DISULFIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>75-15-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CARBOPHENOTHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, A</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>786-19-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CARBOXIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>5234-68-4</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLORAMBEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F,U</td>
<td>133-90-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLORDANE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>57-74-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLORINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, F</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>7782-50-5</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLOROBENZILATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>510-15-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLORONEB</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2675-77-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLOROPHACINONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>3691-35-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLOROPICRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>N, S</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>76-06-2</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLORO-P-TOLUIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE</td>
<td><p>DRC-1339/</p>
<p>e.g., STARLICIDE</p></td>
<td>A</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>7745-89-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLOROTHALONIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>1897-45-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLOOPHAM</td>
<td>CIPC</td>
<td>G, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>101-21-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLORPYRIFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F, M, U</td>
<td>2921-88-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>5598-13-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHLORSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>64902-72-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CHLOZOLINATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>72391-46-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CHOLECALCIFEROL</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>67-97-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CLETHODIM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>99129-21-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CLODINAFOP-PROPARGYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>105512-06-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CLOFENTEZINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>74115-24-5</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CLOMAZONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>81777-89-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CLOPYRALID</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>1702-17-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CLORANSULAM-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>147150-35-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>COPPER CHELATE (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., AQUATRINE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>13426-91-0 or 31089-39-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>COPPER SULFATE (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., COPPER Z</td>
<td>Al, H, Mu</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>7758-99-8</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>COPPER SULFATE (nonaquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>7758-99-8</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>COUMAPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>M, I</td>
<td>R/P</td>
<td>56-72-4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CREOSOTE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Pr</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>8001-58-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CRYOLITE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>15096-52-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CYANAZINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>21725-46-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CYCLOATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1134-23-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CYFLUTHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>68539-37-65</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CYHALOFOP-BUTYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>122008-85-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>CYPERMETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>52315-07-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>CYROMAZINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>66215-27-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2, 4-D (acid formulations)</td>
<td><p>CHLOROPHENOXY-</p>
<p>ACETIC ACID</p></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>94-75-7</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2, 4-D (aquatic amine salt formulations)</td>
<td>e.g., SAVAGE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>D<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2, 4-D (nonaquatic amine salt formulations)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2, 4-D (aquatic ester formulations)</td>
<td>e.g., AQUA-KLEEN</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>D<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2, 4-D (nonaquatic ester formulations)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2, 4-DB</td>
<td><p>2, 4-D</p>
<p>BUTYRIC ACID</p></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>10433-59-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DALAPON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>75-99-0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DAMINOZIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>1596-84-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DAZOMET</td>
<td></td>
<td>B, F, H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>533-74-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DCPA</td>
<td>CHLORTHAL</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1861-32-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DELTAMETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>52198-63-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DESMEDIPHAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>13684-56-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIAZINON</td>
<td>PHOSPHORO-THIOATE</td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C, F, M</td>
<td>333-41-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICAMBA</td>
<td>ANISIC ACID</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>1918-00-9</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICHLOBENIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1194-65-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICHLONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>117-80-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICHLORMID</td>
<td></td>
<td>G, S</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>37764-25-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICHLOROPROPANE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Fm</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>78-87-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICHLOROPROPENE</td>
<td></td>
<td>N, Fm</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>524-75-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICHLOOP</td>
<td>2,4-DP</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>F, ROW</td>
<td>7547-66-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICHLORVOS</td>
<td>DICHLOROVINYL DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>62-73-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICLOFOP-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>51338-27-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICLORAN</td>
<td>DCNA</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>99-30-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICLOSULAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>145701-21-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DICOFOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>115-32-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DICROTOPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>141-66-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIENOCHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>2227-17-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIETHOLATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Mi</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>32345-29-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIEFENOCONAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>14214-32-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIFENZOQUAT</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>43222-48-6</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIFLUBENZURON (see note below)</td>
<td>DIMLIN</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>35367-38-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIFLUFENICAN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>83164-33-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIFLUFENZOPYR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>109293-97-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIMETHENAMID</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>87674-68-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIMETHIPIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>55290-64-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIMETHIRIMOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>5221-53-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIMETHOATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>60-51-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIMETHOMORPH</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>110488-70-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DINITRAMINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>29091-05-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DINOCAP</td>
<td></td>
<td>F, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>39300-45-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIPHACINONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>82-66-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIPHENAMID</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>957-51-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIQUAT (aquatic)</td>
<td>DIQUAT DIBROMIDE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>85-00-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DIQUAT (nonaquatic)</td>
<td>DIQUAT DIBROMIDE</td>
<td>D, H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>85-00-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DISULFOTON</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>298-04-4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DITHIOPYR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>97886-45-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DIURON (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>330-54-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>D-LIMONENE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>5989-27-5</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DNOC</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, F, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>534-52-1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>DODINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2439-10-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>DSMA</td>
<td>DISODIUM METHANE-ARSONATE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>144-21-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>EMAMECTIN BENZOATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>137512-74-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3<sub>L</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ENDOSULFAN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>115-29-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ENDOTHALL (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., AQUATHOL</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ENDOTHALL (nonaquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>D, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>EPTC</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>759-94-4</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ESFENVALERATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>6623-04-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ETHALFLURALIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>55283-68-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ETHAMETSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>97780-06-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ETHEPHON</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>16672-87-0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ETHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>563-12-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ETHOFUMESATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>26225-79-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ETHOPROP</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>13194-48-4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ETRIDIAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>2593-15-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FAMPHUR</td>
<td>e.g., WARBEX</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>S</td>
<td>52-85-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FEBUCONAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>114369-43-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENAMIPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>22224-92-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FENARIMOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>60168-88-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENBUTATIN-OXIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>13356-08-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FENFURAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>24691-80-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENITROTHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>122-14-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FENOXAPROP-ETHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>66441-23-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENOXYCARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>72490-01-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FENPROPATHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>39515-41-8</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENTHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, M</td>
<td>55-38-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FENURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>101-42-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FENVALERATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>51630-58-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FERBAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>14484-64-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FIPRONIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>120068-37-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>79241-46-6</td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUAZINAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>79622-59-6</td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUCARBAZONE-SODIUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>181274-17-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUCYTHRINATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>70124-77-5</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUFENACET</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>142459-58-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUFENPYR-ETHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>188489-07-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUMETSULAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>98967-40-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUMICLORAC-PENTYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>87546-18-7</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUMIOXAZIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>103361-09-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUOMETURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2164-17-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLURIDONE (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., SONAR</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>5976-60-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUROXYPYR (acid formulation)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, P</td>
<td>69377-81-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUROXYPYR-MEPTYL (ester formulation)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, P</td>
<td>81406-37-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUTHIACET-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>D, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>117337-19-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUTOLANIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>66332-96-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FLUVALINATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>69409-94-5</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FLUXOFENIM</td>
<td></td>
<td>S</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>88485-37-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FOMESAFEN SALT</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>72178-02-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FONOFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>944-22-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FORAMSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>173159-57-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FORMETANATE HYDROCHLORIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>23422-53-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FORMOTHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2540-82-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>FOSAMINE AMMONIUM SALT</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>25954-13-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>FOSETYL-ALUMINUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>39148-24-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>GLUFOSINATE AMMONIUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>77182-82-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>GLYPHOSATE (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., RODEO</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>1071-83-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>GLYPHOSATE (nonaquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., ROUNDUP</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U, W</td>
<td>1071-83-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>HALOSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>100784-20-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>HALOXYFOP</td>
<td>HALOXYFOP-METHYL</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>69806-40-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>HEPTACHLOR (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>76-44-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>HEXAZINONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>51235-04-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>HEXYTHIAZOX</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>78587-05-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>HYDRAMETHYLNON</td>
<td>e.g., AMDRO</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>R/P, U</td>
<td>67485-29-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IMAZALIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>35554-44-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IMAZAMETHABENZ</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>81405-85-8</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IMAZAMOX</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>114311-32-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IMAZAPIC</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1928-43-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IMAZAPYR (technical formulation)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, ROW, R/P</td>
<td>81334-34-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IMAZAPYR (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., HABITAT</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>81334-34-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NSaq</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IMAZAPYR (nonaquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., ARSENAL</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, ROW, R/P</td>
<td>81334-34-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IMAZAUIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>81334-34-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IMAZETHAPYR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>81335-77-5</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IMIDACLOPRID</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>138261-41-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>INDOXACARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>173584-44-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IPRODIONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>36734-19-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ISAZOFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>42509-80-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ISOFENPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2311-71-1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ISOXABEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>82558-50-7</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ISOXAFLUTOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>141112-29-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>LACTOFEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>77501-63-4</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>LAMDA-CYHALOTHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>91465-08-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>LINDANE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>58-89-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>LINURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>330-55-2</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MAGNESIUM PHOSPHIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>R, F</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>12057-74-8</td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td>2 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3 <sub>b</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MALATHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td><p>C, F,</p>
<p>R/P, U</p></td>
<td>121-75-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MALEIC HYDRAZIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>123-33-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1e</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MANCOZEB</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>8018-01-7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MANEB</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>12427-38-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MCPA</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>94-47-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MCPB</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>94-81-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MECOPROP</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>7085-19-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MEFENPYR-DIETHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>S</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>135591-00-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MEFLUIDIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>53780-34-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>24307-26-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METALAXYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>57837-19-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METALDEHYDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Mu</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>9002-91-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METAM-SODIUM</td>
<td><p>METHAM-</p>
<p>SODIUM</p></td>
<td><p>F, I,</p>
<p>H, N</p></td>
<td>C</td>
<td>137-42-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METHAMIDOPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>10265-92-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METHIDATHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>950-37-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METHIOCARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>A, I, Mu</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>2032-65-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METHOMYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>16752-77-5</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METHOPRENE</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, M, R/P, U</td>
<td>40956-69-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METHOXYCHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>72-43-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METHOXYFENOZIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>161050-58-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3<sub>L</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METHYL BROMIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Fm</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>74-83-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Fm</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>556-61-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METHYL PARATHION</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, M</td>
<td>298-00-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METIRAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>9006-42-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METOLACHLOR (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>5121845-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>METRIBUZIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, ROW</td>
<td>21087-64-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>METSULFURON-METHYL (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>74223-64-6</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MEVINPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>7786-34-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MOLINATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2212-67-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MONOCROTOPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2157-98-4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MONOLINURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1746-81-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MONURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>150-68-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MSMA</td>
<td><p>MONOSODIUM METHANE-</p>
<p>ARSONATE</p></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2163-80-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>MYCLOBUTANIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>88671-89-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NAA</td>
<td>1-NAPTHALENE-ACETIC ACID</td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>86-87-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NALED</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>300-76-5</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NAPROPAMIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>15299-99-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NAPTALAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>132-66-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NAPTHALENE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F, I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>91-20-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NEBURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>555-37-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NICOSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>111991-09-4</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NITRAPYRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>B, X</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1929-82-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NORFLURAZON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>27314-13-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ORYZALIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>19044-88-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>OXADIAZON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>19666-30-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>OXAMYL</td>
<td>e.g., VYDATE</td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>23135-22-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>OXYCARBOXIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>5259-88-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>OXYDEMETON-METHYL</td>
<td>e.g., METASYSTOX-R</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>301-12-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>OXYFLUORFEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>42874-0303</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>OXYTHIOQUINOX</td>
<td></td>
<td>F, I, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2439-01-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PACLOBUTRAZOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>76738-62-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PARAQUAT</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>4685-14-7</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PARATHION (ETHYL)</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>56-38-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PCNB</td>
<td>QUINTOZENE</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>82-68-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PEBULATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1114-71-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PELARGONIC ACID</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, ROW, U</td>
<td>112-05-0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PENDIMETHALIN</td>
<td>DINITROBENZEN-AMINE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>40487-42-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PENTACHLOROPHENOL</td>
<td>PCP</td>
<td>I, F</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>87-86-5</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PERFLUIDONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>37924-13-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PERMETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>52645-53-1</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PETROLEUM OILS</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Adj, H,</p>
<p>I , M</p></td>
<td>C, F, R/P, U</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PHENMEDIPHAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>13681-63-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PHENTHOATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>32597-03-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PHORATE</td>
<td><p>PHOSPHORO</p>
<p>DITHIOATE</p></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>298-02-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PHOSALONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2310-17-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PHOSMET</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>732-11-16</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PHOSPHAMIDON</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>13171-21-6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PICLORAM (see note below)</td>
<td>e.g., TORDON</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>1918-02-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>SY</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>51-03-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PRIMISULFURON-METHYL</td>
<td>PRIMISULFURON</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>113036-87-6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROCHLORAZ</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>67747-09-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROCYMIDONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>32809-16-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PRODIAMINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>29091-21-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROFENOFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>41198-08-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROMECARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2631-37-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROMETON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1610-18-0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROMETRYN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>7287-19-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PRONAMIDE</td>
<td>PROPYZAMIDE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>23950-58-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPACHLOR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>1918-16-7</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROPAMOCARB HYDROCHLORIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>25606-41-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPANIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>709-98-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROPARGITE</td>
<td></td>
<td>M</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2312-35-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPAZINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>139-40-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROPETAMPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>31218-83-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPHAM</td>
<td>IPC</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>122-42-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROPICONAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>60207-90-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPIONIC ACID</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>79-09-4</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROPOXUR</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>114-26-1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PROPOXYCARBAZONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>181274-15-7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PROSULFOCARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>52888-80-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PYRACLOSTROBIN</td>
<td>HEADLINE</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>175013-18-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PYRAZON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1698-60-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PYRETHRINS</td>
<td>PYRETHRUM</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>various CASRNs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PYRIDATE</td>
<td>PYRIDAZINE CARBOXYLIC ACID</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, R/P</td>
<td>55512-33-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>PYRIPROXYFEN</td>
<td></td>
<td>G</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>95737-68-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>PYRITHIOBAC</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>123343-16-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>QUINCLORAC</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>8408701-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>QUIZALOFOP-P-ETHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>76758-14-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>RESMETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>10453-86-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>RIMSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>122931-48-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ROTENONE (aquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, P</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>83-79-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>RYANIA</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>15662-33-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SETHOXYDIM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>74051-80-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SIDURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>1982-49-6</td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>s</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SIMAZINE (aquatic) (see note below)</td>
<td>e.g., AQUAZINE</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>122-34-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SIMAZINE (nonaquatic) (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>122-34-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SODIUM CHLORATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>D, H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>7775-09-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SODIUM CYANIDE</td>
<td>e.g., M-44</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>143-33-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SODIUM FLUOROACETATE</td>
<td><p>e.g.,</p>
<p>COMPOUND 1080</p></td>
<td>P</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>62-74-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SPINOSAD (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, R/P, U</td>
<td>13929-60-7, 131928-63-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>STREPTOMYCIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>B, X</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>57-92-1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>STRYCHNINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>57-24-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SULFENTRAZONE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>122836-35-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SULFOMETURON-METHYL</td>
<td>SULFOMETURON</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>R/P, ROW</td>
<td>74222-97-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SULFUR</td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>7664-93-9</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>SULFURYL FLUORIDE (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>Fm</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>2699-79-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>SULPROFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>35400-43-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TCA</td>
<td><p>SODIUM</p>
<p>TRICHLORO-</p>
<p>ACETATE</p></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>76-03-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TEBUCONAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>107534-96-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TEBUFENOZIDE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>11240-23-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3<sub>L</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TEBUTHIURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>R/P, U</td>
<td>34104-18-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TEFLUTHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>79538-32-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TEMEPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>L</td>
<td>C, M, R/P, U</td>
<td>3383-96-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TERBACIL</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>5902-51-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TERBUFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I, N</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>13071-79-9</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TERBUTRYN (aquatic)</td>
<td>e.g., CLAROSAN</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>886-50-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS<sub>aq</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TERBUTRYN (nonaquatic)</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>886-50-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS <sub>f</sub></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TETRACHLORVINPHOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>22248-79-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>THIABENDAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>148-79-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>THIAMETHOXAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>153719-23-4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>THIAZOPYR</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>117718-60-2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>THIDIAZURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>51707-55-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>THIFENSULFURON-METHYL</td>
<td>THIFENSULFURON</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>79277-27-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>THIOBENCARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>28249-77-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>THIOCYCLAM HYDROGEN OXALATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>31895-22-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>THIODICARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>59669-26-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>THIOPHANATE-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>23564-05-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>THIRAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>137-26-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TOLCLOFOS-METHYL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>57018-04-9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRALKOXYDIM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>87820-88-0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRALOMETHRIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>66841-25-6</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIADIMEFON</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>43121-43-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIADIMIENOL</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>55219-65-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIALLATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2303-17-5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIASULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, P, R</td>
<td>82097-50-5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIBENURON-METHYL</td>
<td>TRIBENURON</td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>101200-48-0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIBUFOS</td>
<td></td>
<td>D</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>78-48-8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIBUTLYTIN</td>
<td>TBT</td>
<td>B, X</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>56573-85-4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRICHLORFON</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C, F, R/P</td>
<td>52-68-6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRICHLORONATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>327-98-0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRICLOPYR (amine salt formulations)</td>
<td>e.g., GARLON 3A</td>
<td>H</td>
<td><p>F, R/P,</p>
<p>ROW</p></td>
<td>55226-06-3</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRICLOPYR (ester formulations)</td>
<td>e.g., GARLON 4</td>
<td>H</td>
<td><p>F, R/P,</p>
<p>ROW</p></td>
<td>55335-06-3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRICYCLAZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>41814-78-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIDIPHANE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>58138-08-2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIFLOXYSTROBIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>141517-21-7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIFLOXYSULFURON-SODIUM</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>199119-58-9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIFLUMIZOLE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>68694-11-1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIFLURALIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C, F</td>
<td>1582-09-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIFLUSULFURON</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>126535-15-7</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>D</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>TRIFORINE</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>26644-46-2</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TRIMETHACARB</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>2686-99-9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>VALIDAMYCIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>X</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>37248-47-8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>VERNOLATE</td>
<td></td>
<td>H</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>1929-77-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>NS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>VINCLOZOLIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C, U</td>
<td>50471-44-8</td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1<sub>e</sub></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>WARFARIN</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>81-81-2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ZINC PHOSPHIDE (see note below)</td>
<td></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>F, R/P</td>
<td>1314-84-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3 <sub>sp</sub></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>ZINEB</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>12122-67-7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>ZIRAM</td>
<td></td>
<td>F</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>137-30-4</td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>2 <sub>e</sub></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Classes:

> Class 0 = Pesticides w/o toxicity
>
> Class 1 = Pesticides w/ slight to moderate toxicity
>
> Class 2 = Pesticides w/ high toxicity
>
> Class 3 = Pesticides w/ very high toxicity
>
> Class D = Dicot-specific

Class M = Monocot-specific

> Class NS = Non-specific for dicots or monocots

Notes:

> acephate = acephate is rated the same as methamidophos which is a
> degradative product of acephate and is more toxic
>
> amitrole = amitrole is rated as Class 1 in toxicity groups for avians
> and reptiles due to reported mortality incidents not indicated by
> toxicity data
>
> atrazine = atrazine is rated as Class 3 for amphibians due to
> potential disruption of endocrine system
>
> diflubenzuron = diflubenzuron is rated as Class 2 for bees because of
> potential chitin inhibition but is otherwise nontoxic to bees
>
> diuron = herbicide may be released as urine into waterbodies by
> ungulates that have grazed on field-applied diuron
>
> heptachlor = the degradative metabolite heptachlor epoxide is
> potentially more toxic
>
> metolachlor = metolachlor is rated as Class 1 in toxicity groups for
> avians and reptiles due to reported mortality incidents not indicated
> by toxicity data
>
> metsulfuron = metsulfuron is rated as Class 1 in toxicity groups for
> fish and amphibians due to reported mortality incidents not indicated
> by toxicity data
>
> picloram = picloram is used mostly for broad-leaved plants but can
> harm some grasses and other monocots
>
> simazine = simazine is highly toxic to cattle and sheep
>
> spinosad = spinosad is formed from two active ingredients (CASRN
> 13929-60-7 and CASRN 131928-63-0
>
> sulfuryl fluoride = chloropicrin ( a strong eye and respiratory
> irritant) is usually combined with sulfuryl fluoride fumigants

zinc phosphide = secondary poisoning potential is relatively low

I Type

> Adj = Adjuvant
>
> A = Acaracide
>
> Al = Algicide
>
> B = Bactericide
>
> D = Desiccant
>
> Fm = Fumigant
>
> F = Fungicide
>
> G = Growth regulator
>
> H = Herbicide
>
> I = Insecticide
>
> L = Larvicide
>
> M = Miticide
>
> Mi = Microbial inhibitor
>
> Mu = Molluscicide
>
> N = Nematicide
>
> P = Piscicide
>
> R = Rodenticide
>
> S = Safener
>
> SY = Synergist

\*\* Use

> C =Cropland
>
> F = Forest
>
> M = Mosquito control
>
> R/P = Rangeland and/or Pasture
>
> ROW = Right-of-way
>
> U = Urban
>
> W = Water

**4.4.2 Biological information**

+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| **    |          |        |                        |         |     |
| Table |          |        |                        |         |     |
| 3.    |          |        |                        |         |     |
| Biolo |          |        |                        |         |     |
| gical |          |        |                        |         |     |
| i     |          |        |                        |         |     |
| nform |          |        |                        |         |     |
| ation |          |        |                        |         |     |
| for   |          |        |                        |         |     |
| pro   |          |        |                        |         |     |
| posed |          |        |                        |         |     |
| or    |          |        |                        |         |     |
| l     |          |        |                        |         |     |
| isted |          |        |                        |         |     |
| sp    |          |        |                        |         |     |
| ecies |          |        |                        |         |     |
| in    |          |        |                        |         |     |
| R     |          |        |                        |         |     |
| egion |          |        |                        |         |     |
| 2**   |          |        |                        |         |     |
+=======+==========+========+========================+=========+=====+
| **t&e | **common | **food | **habitat/range**      | *       | *   |
| tox   | name**   | to     |                        | *season | *pe |
| icity |          | xicity |                        | ality** | sti |
| gr    |          | grou   |                        |         | cid |
| oup** |          | p(s)** |                        |         | e** |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         | **u |
|       |          |        |                        |         | ses |
|       |          |        |                        |         | \   |
|       |          |        |                        |         | *** |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Large | Sonoran  | Plant  | Arizona: desert        | yea     | R   |
| M     | p        | (s     | grassland interspersed | r-round |     |
| ammal | ronghorn | hrubs, | with shrubs            | p       |     |
|       |          | forbs) |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Cabeza Prieta National |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge)       |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Large | West     | Plant  | Texas: coastal bays    | rare    | n   |
| M     | Indian   | (sea   | and waterways          | visitor | one |
| ammal | manatee  | gr     |                        |         |     |
|       |          | asses) | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | blac     | Small  | Arizona, New Mexico,   | yea     | R,  |
| atory | k-footed | Mammal | Oklahoma, and Texas:   | r-round | S   |
| M     | ferret   |        | prairie dog colonies   | p       |     |
| ammal |          | (p     |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | rairie |                        |         |     |
|       |          | dogs)  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | jaguar   | Small  | Arizona and New        | yea     | R,  |
| atory |          | M      | Mexico: brushland      | r-round | S   |
| M     |          | ammal, | thickets               | p       |     |
| ammal |          | Large  |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | M      | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          | ammal, | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | Gallin | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          | aceous |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Small  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | ja       | Small  | Texas: brushland       | yea     | R,  |
| atory | guarundi | M      | thickets               | r-round | S   |
| M     |          | ammal, |                        | p       |     |
| ammal |          | Gallin | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          | aceous | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | Avian, | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Small  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | L        | Small  | Texas: forest and      | yea     | C,  |
| atory | ouisiana | M      | woodland               | r-round | F,  |
| M     | black    | ammal, |                        | p       | P,  |
| ammal | bear     | Large  |                        | resence | S   |
|       |          | M      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ammal, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (be    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | rries, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | a      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | corns) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | ocelot   | Small  | Texas: brushland       | yea     | R,  |
| atory |          | M      | thickets               | r-round | S   |
| M     |          | ammal, |                        | p       |     |
| ammal |          | Gallin | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          | aceous | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | Avian, | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Large  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | Mexican  | Small  | Arizona and New        | yea     | F,  |
| atory | gray     | M      | Mexico: chaparral,     | r-round | R,  |
| M     | wolf     | ammal, | woodland, and forest   | p       | S   |
| ammal |          | Large  |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | M      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ammal, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Gallin |                        |         |     |
|       |          | aceous |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Small  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Avian  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | gray bat | Terre  | Oklahoma: summer caves | forages | C,  |
| M     |          | strial | near lakes or rivers   | from    | F,  |
| ammal |          | Art    |                        | summer  | P   |
|       |          | hropod | and deep underground   | caves   |     |
|       |          |        | winter caves           | during  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | March   |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | to      |     |
|       |          |        | Ozark Plateau National | No      |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge)       | vember; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hib     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ernates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winter  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | caves   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | during  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | N       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ovember |     |
|       |          |        |                        | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | March   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Hualapai | Plant  | Arizona: meadows       | yea     | F,  |
| M     | Mexican  | (gr    | within ponderosa pine  | r-round | ROW |
| ammal | vole     | asses, | forest in Hualapai     | p       |     |
|       |          | forbs) | Mountains              | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Indiana  | Terre  | Oklahoma: limestone    | forages | C,  |
| M     | bat      | strial | caves, bridges, hollow | from    | F,  |
| ammal |          | Art    | trees, or old          | summer  | P   |
|       |          | hropod | buildings              | roosts  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | during  |     |
|       |          |        | near small to          | March   |     |
|       |          |        | medium-sized streams   | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | O       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ctober; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hib     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ernates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winter  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | caves   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | during  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | October |     |
|       |          |        |                        | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | March   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | lesser   | Plant  | Arizona and New        | forages | R   |
| M     | (Sa      | (m     | Mexico: rangeland      | from    |     |
| ammal | nborn's) | onocot | areas with hollow      | summer  |     |
|       |          | agave  | trees,                 | roosts  |     |
|       | lo       |        |                        | in U.S. |     |
|       | ng-nosed | nectar | caves, mines, or large | during  |     |
|       | bat      | and    | culverts               | spring  |     |
|       |          | p      |                        | through |     |
|       |          | ollen) | (includes habitat on   | summer; |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      | winters |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Central |     |
|       |          |        |                        | America |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Mexico  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Mexican  | Plant  | 1\) New Mexico,        | forages | R   |
| M     | lo       | (m     | Hidalgo County:        | from    |     |
| ammal | ng-nosed | onocot | rangeland areas with   | summer  |     |
|       | bat      | agave  | hollow trees,          | roosts  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in U.S. |     |
|       |          | nectar | caves, mines, or large | during  |     |
|       |          | and    | culverts               | spring  |     |
|       |          | p      |                        | through |     |
|       |          | ollen) | 2\) Texas: rangeland   | summer; |     |
|       |          |        | areas with hollow      | winters |     |
|       |          |        | trees, caves, mines,   |         |     |
|       |          |        | or large culverts in   | in      |     |
|       |          |        | Big Bend region and    | Central |     |
|       |          |        | Chisos Mountains       | A       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | merica, |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Mexico, |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | p       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ossibly |     |
|       |          |        |                        | U.S.    |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Mount    | Plant  | Arizona: spruce-fir or | yea     | F,  |
| M     | Graham   | (c     | mixed forest in        | r-round | ROW |
| ammal | red      | onifer | Coronado National      | p       |     |
|       | squirrel | seeds) | Forest                 | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Ozark    | Terre  | Oklahoma: caves near   | forages | C,  |
| M     | b        | strial | forests of oak-hickory | from    | F,  |
| ammal | ig-eared | Art    | or beech-maple-hemlock | summer  | P   |
|       | bat      | hropod |                        | caves   |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | during  |     |
|       |          |        | Ozark Plateau National | spring  |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge)       | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | summer; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hib     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ernates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winter  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | caves   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | during  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | fall    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winter  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Ga    | At       | Terre  | Texas: grassland,      | yea     | C,  |
| llina | twater's | strial | pastures, and cropland | r-round | R   |
| ceous | greater  | Arth   |                        | p       | /P, |
| Avian |          | ropod, | (includes habitat on   | resence | R   |
|       | prairie  | Plant  | Attwater Prairie       |         | OW, |
|       | -chicken |        | Chicken National       |         | S   |
|       |          | (      | Wildlife Refuge)       |         |     |
|       |          | seeds, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | parts) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Ga    | masked   | Terre  | Arizona: desert        | yea     | R,  |
| llina | bobwhite | strial | grassland              | r-round | ROW |
| ceous |          | Arth   |                        | p       |     |
| Avian |          | ropod, | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          | Plant  | Buenos Aires National  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge)       |         |     |
|       |          | (      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | seeds, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | parts) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Large | brown    | Warm   | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | M   |
| Avian | pelican  | Water  | and waterways          | r-round |     |
|       |          | Fish   |                        | p       |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Large | whooping | A      | 1\) Oklahoma and       | m       | C,  |
| Avian | crane    | quatic | Texas, non-coastal     | igrates | R   |
|       |          | Arth   | counties: migratory    | from    | /P, |
|       |          | ropod, | roosting areas         | Texas   | S   |
|       |          | Terre  |                        | to      |     |
|       |          | strial | in wetlands within a   | Canada  |     |
|       |          | Arth   | 150 mile wide          | during  |     |
|       |          | ropod, | migration corridor     | March   |     |
|       |          | Warm   | that is centered       | to June |     |
|       |          | Water  |                        | in      |     |
|       |          | Fish,  | on a line stretching   | spring  |     |
|       |          | Terre  | between the following  | mig     |     |
|       |          | strial | cities:                | ration; |     |
|       |          | and    |                        | m       |     |
|       |          | A      | a\) the city of        | igrates |     |
|       |          | quatic | Rockport on the Texas  | from    |     |
|       |          | Amph   | Gulf Coast,            | Canada  |     |
|       |          | ibian, |                        | to      |     |
|       |          | Plant  | b\) the city of        | Texas   |     |
|       |          | (field | Wichita Falls in       | during  |     |
|       |          | g      | north-central Texas,   | Se      |     |
|       |          | rains, | and                    | ptember |     |
|       |          | a      |                        | to      |     |
|       |          | quatic | c\) the city of        | N       |     |
|       |          | p      | Woodward in northwest  | ovember |     |
|       |          | lants) | Oklahoma               | in fall |     |
|       |          |        |                        | mi      |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | gration |     |
|       |          |        | Salt Plains National   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | in Oklahoma and        |         |     |
|       |          |        | possibly other         |         |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, coastal     |         |     |
|       |          |        | counties of Aransas,   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Calhoun,               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | and Refugio: wintering |         |     |
|       |          |        | areas in coastal       |         |     |
|       |          |        | wetlands               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Aransas National       |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge)       |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | bald     | Cold   | 1\) Arizona and New    | nests   | C,  |
| atory | eagle    | Water  | Mexico: cliffs,        | from    | F,  |
| Avian |          | Fish,  | ledges, or trees       | N       | R   |
|       |          | Warm   |                        | ovember | /P, |
|       |          | Water  | near large waterbodies |         |     |
|       |          | Fish,  | such as rivers, lakes, | to      | R   |
|       |          | Wat    | and reservoirs         | July;   | OW, |
|       |          | erfowl |                        | yea     | S   |
|       |          | Avian, | (includes habitat on   | r-round |     |
|       |          | Small  | national wildlife      | p       |     |
|       |          | M      | refuges)               | resence |     |
|       |          | ammal, |                        | but may |     |
|       |          | Re     | 2\) Oklahoma and       | migrate |     |
|       |          | ptile, | Texas: trees in forest | to      |     |
|       |          | c      | or woodland areas      | higher  |     |
|       |          | arrion |                        | ele     |     |
|       |          |        | with large waterbodies | vations |     |
|       |          |        | such as rivers, lakes, | in      |     |
|       |          |        | and reservoirs         | summer  |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | and/or  |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      | winter  |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | flocks  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | Ca       | v      | Arizona: canyon lands  | yea     | R   |
| atory | lifornia | arious | and mountain ridges    | r-round | OW, |
| Avian | condor   | (ca    |                        | p       | S   |
|       |          | rrion) |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | Mexican  | Small  | Arizona, New Mexico,   | yea     | F,  |
| atory | spotted  | Mammal | and Texas: mountains   | r-round | ROW |
| Avian | owl      |        | or canyons             | p       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | with mixed-conifer     |         |     |
|       |          |        | forest that has 70%    |         |     |
|       |          |        | canopy cover,          |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | downed woody material, |         |     |
|       |          |        | and 40% slopes or      |         |     |
|       |          |        | greater                |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | Northern | Small  | Texas: coastal         | yea     | C,  |
| atory | aplomado | Avian, | prairie, salt flats,   | r-round | R   |
| Avian | falcon   | Small  | or open woodland       | p       | /P, |
|       |          | M      | intermixed with        | resence | ROW |
|       |          | ammal, | grassland (includes    |         |     |
|       |          | Re     | habitat on national    |         |     |
|       |          | ptile, | wildlife refuges)      |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | hropod |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Pred  | py       | Small  | Arizona: woodland      | yea     | R,  |
| atory | gmy-owl, | Avian, | (including riparian    | r-round | R   |
| Avian | cactus   | Small  | woodland), semidesert  | p       | OW, |
|       | fer      | M      | grassland, thornscrub, | resence | S,  |
|       | ruginous | ammal, | or desert scrubland    |         | U   |
|       |          | Re     | that has trees and/or  |         |     |
|       |          | ptile, | cacti that are         |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial | large enough (trunk    |         |     |
|       |          | Art    | diameters \> 6 inches) |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | for nesting cavities   |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | blac     | Terre  | 1\) Oklahoma:          | present | C,  |
| Avian | k-capped | strial | shrubland or woodland  | in      | R   |
|       | vireo    | Art    | with patches of grass  | b       | /P, |
|       |          | hropod |                        | reeding | R   |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | habitat | OW, |
|       |          |        | Wichita Mountains      | from    | U   |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      | March   |     |
|       |          |        | Refuge)                | through |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Sep     |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas: shrubland   | tember; |     |
|       |          |        | or woodland with       | winters |     |
|       |          |        | patches of grass       |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | Mexico  |     |
|       |          |        | Balcones Canyonlands   |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Refuge)                |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Eskimo   | A      | Texas: coastal areas   | winters | n   |
| Avian | curlew   | quatic | (includes habitat on   | in      | one |
|       |          | Arth   | national wildlife      | Texas;  |     |
|       |          | ropod, | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        | p       |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        | robably |     |
|       |          | strial |                        | extinct |     |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | hropod |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (?)    |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | golden   | Terre  | Texas: oak-juniper     | present | C,  |
| Avian | -cheeked | strial | woodland               | in      | R   |
|       | warbler  | Art    |                        | b       | /P, |
|       |          | hropod | (includes habitat on   | reeding | R   |
|       |          |        | Balcones Canyonlands   | habitat | OW, |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      | from    | U   |
|       |          |        | Refuge)                | March   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | through |     |
|       |          |        |                        | August; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winters |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Central |     |
|       |          |        |                        | America |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | interior | Warm   | Oklahoma, New Mexico,  | present | C,  |
| Avian | least    | Water  | and Texas: colony      | in      | R   |
|       | tern     | Fish   | nesting areas on       | b       | /P, |
|       |          |        | sandbars, beaches, or  | reeding | ROW |
|       |          |        | other bare areas near  | habitat |     |
|       |          |        | wide, shallow          | from    |     |
|       |          |        | waterbodies            | April   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | through |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | early   |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      | Sep     |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | tember; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | winters |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Central |     |
|       |          |        |                        | America |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | South   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | America |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | piping   | A      | New Mexico, Oklahoma,  | winters | ROW |
| Avian | plover   | quatic | and Texas: coastal     | along   |     |
|       |          | Arth   | shore areas            | Texas   |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | Gulf    |     |
|       |          | Terre  | and the mud flats on   | Coast   |     |
|       |          | strial | offshore coastal       | from    |     |
|       |          | Arth   | islands                | Se      |     |
|       |          | ropod. |                        | ptember |     |
|       |          | Marine | (includes habitat on   | to      |     |
|       |          | Invert | national wildlife      | March;  |     |
|       |          | ebrate | refuges)               | m       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | igrates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Great   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Lakes   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | or      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | n       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | orthern |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Great   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Plains  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | for     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | b       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | reeding |     |
|       |          |        |                        | season  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | red-     | Terre  | Oklahoma and Texas:    | yea     | F,  |
| Avian | cockaded | strial | pine woodland          | r-round | ROW |
|       | wo       | Art    |                        | p       |     |
|       | odpecker | hropod |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Sout     | Terre  | Arizona, New Mexico,   | present | C,  |
| Avian | hwestern | strial | and Texas:             | in      | R,  |
|       | willow   | Arth   | willow-cottonwood      | b       | ROW |
|       | fl       | ropod, | bottomland             | reeding |     |
|       | ycatcher |        |                        | habitat |     |
|       |          | Plant  | along streams or       | from    |     |
|       |          | (      | rivers with a strip of | May     |     |
|       |          | fruit) | shrubs or trees        | through |     |
|       |          |        |                        | mid-Sep |     |
|       |          |        | on one bank that is at | tember; |     |
|       |          |        | least 30 feet wide     | winters |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | Mexico, |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      | Central |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | A       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | merica, |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | South   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | America |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Small | Yuma     | A      | Arizona: streams and   | present | R,  |
| Avian | clapper  | quatic | marshlands of the      | in      | S   |
|       | rail     | Arth   | lower Colorado River   | b       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | reeding |     |
|       |          | Terre  | (includes habitat on   | habitat |     |
|       |          | strial | national wildlife      | from    |     |
|       |          | Arth   | refuges)               | April   |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | through |     |
|       |          | Fres   |                        | early   |     |
|       |          | hwater |                        | Sep     |     |
|       |          | Mo     |                        | tember; |     |
|       |          | llusk, |                        | winters |     |
|       |          |        |                        | along   |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        | lower   |     |
|       |          | (      |                        | C       |     |
|       |          | seeds) |                        | olorado |     |
|       |          |        |                        | River,  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | the     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Salton  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Sea in  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Cali    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | fornia, |     |
|       |          |        |                        | and     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | p       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ossibly |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Mexico  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | Concho   | Warm   | Texas: streams,        | active  | C,  |
| ptile | water    | Water  | rivers, ponds, lakes,  | abov    | R   |
|       | snake    | Fish   | and reservoirs         | eground | /P, |
|       |          |        |                        | from    | ROW |
|       |          |        | associated with the    | March   |     |
|       |          |        | Concho and Colorado    | through |     |
|       |          |        | watersheds             | O       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ctober; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | usually |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hib     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ernates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | belo    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | wground |     |
|       |          |        |                        | from    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | N       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ovember |     |
|       |          |        |                        | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | March   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | desert   | Plant  | Arizona: desert        | yea     | R,  |
| ptile | tortoise |        | scrubland              | r-round | ROW |
|       |          |        |                        | p       |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | green    | Plant  | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | n   |
| ptile | sea      | (sea   | and waterways          | r-round | one |
|       | turtle   | gr     |                        | pr      |     |
|       |          | asses, | (includes habitat on   | esence; |     |
|       |          | algae) | national wildlife      | may     |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | nest on |     |
|       |          |        |                        | beaches |     |
|       |          |        |                        | along   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Texas   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Gulf    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Coast   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | h        | Plant  | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | n   |
| ptile | awksbill | (sea   | and waterways          | r-round | one |
|       | sea      | gr     |                        | pr      |     |
|       | turtle   | asses, | (includes habitat on   | esence; |     |
|       |          | algae) | national wildlife      | may     |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | nest on |     |
|       |          |        |                        | beaches |     |
|       |          |        |                        | along   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Texas   |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Gulf    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Coast   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | Kemp's   | Marine | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | n   |
| ptile | ridley   | I      | and waterways          | r-round | one |
|       | sea      | nverte |                        | pr      |     |
|       | turtle   | brate, | (includes habitat on   | esence; |     |
|       |          | Plant  | national wildlife      | may     |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | nest on |     |
|       |          | (sea   |                        | beaches |     |
|       |          | gr     |                        | along   |     |
|       |          | asses, |                        | Texas   |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        | Gulf    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Coast   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | lea      | Marine | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | n   |
| ptile | therback | I      | and waterways          | r-round | one |
|       | sea      | nverte |                        | p       |     |
|       | turtle   | brate, | (includes habitat on   | resence |     |
|       |          | Plant  | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          | (sea   |                        |         |     |
|       |          | gr     |                        |         |     |
|       |          | asses, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | lo       | Marine | Texas: coastal bays    | yea     | n   |
| ptile | ggerhead | I      | and waterways          | r-round | one |
|       | sea      | nverte |                        | pr      |     |
|       | turtle   | brate, | (includes habitat on   | esence; |     |
|       |          | Plant  | national wildlife      | may     |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               | nest on |     |
|       |          | (sea   |                        | beaches |     |
|       |          | gr     |                        | along   |     |
|       |          | asses, |                        | Texas   |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        | Gulf    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Coast   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Re    | New      | Small  | New Mexico, Hidalgo    | active  | F,  |
| ptile | Mexican  | M      | County: pine-oak       | abov    | ROW |
|       | rid      | ammal, | forest in mountains    | eground |     |
|       | ge-nosed | Small  |                        | from    |     |
|       | rat      | Avian, |                        | April   |     |
|       | tlesnake | R      |                        | to      |     |
|       |          | eptile |                        | No      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | vember; |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hib     |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ernates |     |
|       |          |        |                        | belo    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | wground |     |
|       |          |        |                        | from    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | N       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | ovember |     |
|       |          |        |                        | to      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | April   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Barton   | A      | > 1\) Texas, Travis    | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | Springs  | quatic | > County: springflows  | r-round | M,  |
| Amph  | sa       | Art    | > from Main Springs,   | p       | R   |
| ibian | lamander | hropod | > Eliza Springs,       | resence | /P, |
|       |          |        | >                      |         |     |
|       |          |        | > Sunken Garden        |         | R   |
|       |          |        | > Springs, and Upper   |         | OW, |
|       |          |        | > Barton Springs of    |         | U   |
|       |          |        | > the Barton Springs   |         |     |
|       |          |        | > complex within the   |         |     |
|       |          |        | > Barton Creek         |         |     |
|       |          |        | > drainage in the city |         |     |
|       |          |        | > of Austin            |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Travis      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Barton Springs |         |     |
|       |          |        | Segment of the Edwards |         |     |
|       |          |        | Aquifer                |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Ch       | A      | Arizona and New        | yea     | R,  |
| uatic | iricahua | quatic | Mexico: cienagas       | r-round | ROW |
| Amph  | leopard  | Arth   | (desert marshes),      | p       |     |
| ibian | frog     | ropod, | ponds, livestock       | resence |     |
|       |          |        | tanks,                 |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial | and shallow areas of   |         |     |
|       |          | Art    | lakes, reservoirs,     |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | streams, and rivers    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | refuges)               |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | San      | A      | 1\) Texas, Hays        | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | Marcos   | quatic | County: San Marcos     | r-round | M,  |
| Amph  | sa       | Arth   | National Fish Hatchery | p       | R   |
| ibian | lamander | ropod, |                        | resence | /P, |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          | Fres   |                        |         | R   |
|       |          | hwater | 2\) Texas, Hays        |         | OW, |
|       |          | M      | County: Spring Lake,   |         | U   |
|       |          | ollusk | San Marcos River,      |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | and associated springs |         |     |
|       |          |        | in the city of San     |         |     |
|       |          |        | Marcos                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Sonoran  | A      | Arizona: spring-fed    | yea     | R,  |
| uatic | tiger    | quatic | wetland in desert      | r-round | ROW |
| Amph  | sa       | Art    | scrubland              | p       |     |
| ibian | lamander | hropod |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Texas    | A      | 1\) Texas, Hays        | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | blind    | quatic | County: San Marcos     | r-round | R   |
| Amph  | sa       | Arth   | National Fish Hatchery | p       | /P, |
| ibian | lamander | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fres   |                        |         | U   |
|       |          | hwater | 2\) Texas, Hays        |         |     |
|       |          | M      | County: springs and    |         |     |
|       |          | ollusk | wells in the San       |         |     |
|       |          |        | Marcos River drainage  |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | within the city of San |         |     |
|       |          |        | Marcos                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Houston  | A      | Texas: areas of deep   | yea     | F,  |
| erres | toad     | quatic | sandy soil with pine   | r-round | R   |
| trial |          | Arth   | or oak woodland        | p       | /P, |
| Amph  |          | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ibian |          |        |                        |         | OW, |
|       |          | Terre  |                        | but may | U   |
|       |          | strial |                        | hi      |     |
|       |          | Art    |                        | bernate |     |
|       |          | hropod |                        | belo    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | wground |     |
|       |          |        |                        | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | summer  |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Cold  | Apache   | A      | 1\) Arizona: mountain  | yea     | F,  |
| Water | trout    | quatic | streams in             | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | Apache-Sitgreaves      | p       | ROW |
|       |          | ropod, | National Forest        | resence |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  | and Fort Apache Indian |         |     |
|       |          | strial | Reservation            |         |     |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | 2\) Arizona, Navajo    |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Alchesay -     |         |     |
|       |          |        | Williams Creek         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Cold  | fountain | A      | 1\) Texas, Comal       | yea     | C,  |
| Water | darter   | quatic | County: Comal River    | r-round | M,  |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | and Landa Lake         | p       | R   |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence | /P, |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Hays        |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  | County: San Marcos     |         | R   |
|       |          | strial | National Fish Hatchery |         | OW, |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         | U   |
|       |          | hropod | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Hays        |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Spring Lake    |         |     |
|       |          |        | and San Marcos River   |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | above confluence with  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Blanco River           |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 4\) Texas, Uvalde      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Uvalde         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Cold  | Gila     | A      | 1\) Arizona, Navajo    | yea     | F,  |
| Water | trout    | quatic | County: Alchesay -     | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | Williams Creek         | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial | 2\) Arizona: small     |         |     |
|       |          | Art    | mountain streams in    |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | Prescott National      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Forest                 |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) New Mexico: small  |         |     |
|       |          |        | mountain streams in    |         |     |
|       |          |        | the Gila River         |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Cold  | Ozark    | A      | Oklahoma: pools and    | yea     | C,  |
| Water | cavefish | quatic | streams in caves of    | r-round | R   |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | Springfield Plateau    | p       | /P, |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
|       |          |        |                        |         | OW, |
|       |          | A      |                        |         | U   |
|       |          | quatic |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Amp    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | hibian |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Arkansas | A      | 1\) Oklahoma: Canadian | yea     | C,  |
| Water | River    | quatic | River upstream of the  | r-round | R   |
| Fish  | shiner   | Arth   | Indian Nation Turnpike | p       | /P, |
|       |          | ropod, | Bridge                 | resence | ROW |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  | (except for the North  |         |     |
|       |          | strial | Canadian River         |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   | watershed) and the     |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, | Cimarron River         |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (s     | upstream of the        |         |     |
|       |          | eeds), | Highway 281 Bridge     |         |     |
|       |          | de     |                        |         |     |
|       |          | tritus | 2\) Texas: Canadian    |         |     |
|       |          |        | River above and below  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Lake Meredith          |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | b        | A      | 1\) Arizona: small to  | yea     | R,  |
| Water | eautiful | quatic | medium streams with    | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | shiner   | Arth   | sand, gravel, or rock  | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, | bottoms                | resence |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          | strial | San Bernardino         |         |     |
|       |          | Art    | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | Refuge)                |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Big Bend | A      | 1\) New Mexico, Chaves | yea     | C,  |
| Water | gambusia | quatic | County: Dexter         | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Art    | National Fish Hatchery | p       | ROW |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Brewster    |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: refugium in    |         |     |
|       |          |        | Big Bend National Park |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | bonytail | A      | 1\) Arizona: Colorado  | yea     | R,  |
| Water | chub     | quatic | River and its          | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | tributary rivers       | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Arizona, Mohave    |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  | County: Willow Beach   |         |     |
|       |          | strial | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, | 3\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          | (      | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Centers   |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | C        | A      | 1\) New Mexico, Chaves | yea     | C,  |
| Water | hihuahua | quatic | County: Dexter         | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  | chub     | Arth   | National Fish Hatchery | p       | ROW |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial | 2\) New Mexico:        |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   | Mimbres River          |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Clear    | A      | Texas, Menard County:  | yea     | ROW |
| Water | Creek    | quatic | Clear Creek            | r-round |     |
| Fish  | gambusia | Art    |                        | p       |     |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Colorado | Cold   | 1\) Arizona: Salt and  | yea     | C,  |
| Water | pi       | Water  | Verde rivers           | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  | keminnow | Fish,  |                        | p       | ROW |
|       |          | Warm   | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves | resence |     |
|       |          | Water  | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          | Fish,  | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | A      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | quatic | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | 3\) New Mexico: San    |         |     |
|       |          |        | Juan River             |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Comanche | A      | 1\) Texas, Jeff Davis  | yea     | C,  |
| Water | Springs  | quatic | County: Phantom Lake   | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  | pupfish  | Arth   | Spring, Toyah Creek,   | p       | ROW |
|       |          | ropod, | and their associated   | resence |     |
|       |          |        | wetland areas, spring  |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | runs, or irrigation    |         |     |
|       |          | (      | canals                 |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Reeves      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Balmorhea      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Lake, San Solomon      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Spring,                |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | Toyah Creek, and their |         |     |
|       |          |        | associated wetland     |         |     |
|       |          |        | areas, spring runs,    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | or irrigation canals   |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Uvalde      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Uvalde         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | desert   | A      | 1\) Arizona: desert    | yea     | R,  |
| Water | pupfish  | quatic | springs, small         | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Art    | streams, and marshes   | p       |     |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | (?),   | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          |        | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          | (?)    |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Devils   | A      | 1\) Texas, Hays        | yea     | C,  |
| Water | River    | quatic | County: San Marcos     | r-round | R   |
| Fish  | minnow   | Arth   | National Fish Hatchery | p       | /P, |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence | ROW |
|       |          | Plant  | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (      | 2\) Texas, Kinney      |         |     |
|       |          | algae, | County: Las Moras      |         |     |
|       |          | a      | Creek, Pinto Creek,    |         |     |
|       |          | quatic |                        |         |     |
|       |          | pl     | and Sycamore Creek     |         |     |
|       |          | ants?) |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Val Verde   |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Devils River,  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Dolan Creek, Phillips  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Creek,                 |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | San Felipe Creek, and  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Sycamore Creek         |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Gila     | Warm   | 1\) Arizona: springs,  | yea     | R,  |
| Water | chub     | Water  | streams, and cienegas  | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Fish,  | in the watersheds of   | p       |     |
|       |          | Terre  | the Agua Fria, Gila    | resence |     |
|       |          | strial | River, San Carlos      |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   | River, San Francisco   |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, | River, San Pedro       |         |     |
|       |          | A      | River, Santa Cruz      |         |     |
|       |          | quatic | River, and Verde River |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, | 2\) New Mexico: Turkey |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | Creek in the upper     |         |     |
|       |          | (      | watershed of the Gila  |         |     |
|       |          | algae) | River                  |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Gila     | A      | 1\) Arizona: springs,  | yea     | R,  |
| Water | t        | quatic | streams, and rivers in | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | opminnow | Arth   | the Gila               | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | Plant  | and Santa Cruz         |         |     |
|       |          |        | watersheds (includes   |         |     |
|       |          | (a     | habitat on national    |         |     |
|       |          | quatic | wildlife refuges)      |         |     |
|       |          | pl     |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ants?) | 2\) New Mexico: Gila   |         |     |
|       |          |        | River and ponds        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | in the Red Rock        |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Management    |         |     |
|       |          |        | Area                   |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | humpback | A      | Arizona: Little        | yea     | R,  |
| Water | chub     | quatic | Colorado River and     | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | Colorado River         | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | (includes habitat on   |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | national wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | (      | refuges)               |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Leon     | A      | 1\) New Mexico, Chaves | yea     | C,  |
| Water | Springs  | quatic | County: Dexter         | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  | pupfish  | Arth   | National Fish Hatchery | p       | ROW |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (      | 2\) Texas, Pecos       |         |     |
|       |          | algae) | County: springs and    |         |     |
|       |          |        | spring runs associated |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | with Diamond Y Draw    |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | leopard  | A      | Oklahoma: medium to    | yea     | C,  |
| Water | darter   | quatic | large streams of the   | r-round | R   |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | Little River, Glover   | p       | /P, |
|       |          | ropod, | River,                 | resence | ROW |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | and Mountain Fork      |         |     |
|       |          | (      | River                  |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Little   | A      | Arizona: small to      | yea     | R,  |
| Water | Colorado | quatic | medium-sized streams   | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | s        | Art    | in canyons             | p       |     |
|       | pinedace | hropod |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | loach    | A      | 1\) Arizona, Graham    | yea     | C,  |
| Water | minnow   | quatic | and Pinal counties:    | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Art    | Aravapai Creek         | p       | ROW |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | (?),   | 2\) Arizona, Greenlee  |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Blue River     |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (?)    | 3\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 4\) New Mexico:        |         |     |
|       |          |        | streams and rivers     |         |     |
|       |          |        | associated             |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | with the Gila and San  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Francisco watersheds   |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Neosho   | A      | Oklahoma: Neosho       | yea     | C,  |
| Water | madtom   | quatic | (Grand) River,         | r-round | R   |
| Fish  |          | Art    | Cottonwood River,      | p       | /P, |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence | ROW |
|       |          |        | and Spring River       |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Pecos    | A      | New Mexico: Pecos      | yea     | R,  |
| Water | b        | quatic | River from Fort Sumner | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | luntnose | Arth   | down                   | p       |     |
|       | shiner   | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | into Brantley          | in      |     |
|       |          | Terre  | Reservoir              | Pecos   |     |
|       |          | strial |                        | River;  |     |
|       |          | Art    | (includes habitat on   | sea     |     |
|       |          | hropod | national wildlife      | sonally |     |
|       |          | (?)    | refuges)               | in      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | B       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | rantley |     |
|       |          |        |                        | Re      |     |
|       |          |        |                        | servoir |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Pecos    | A      | 1\) New Mexico, Chaves | yea     | C,  |
| Water | gambusia | quatic | and Eddy counties:     | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Art    | marshes, springs,      | p       | ROW |
|       |          | hropod | sinkholes,             | resence |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | and tributaries of the |         |     |
|       |          |        | Pecos River            |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Jeff Davis  |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Phantom Lake   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Spring, Toyah Creek,   |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | and their associated   |         |     |
|       |          |        | wetland areas, spring  |         |     |
|       |          |        | runs, or irrigation    |         |     |
|       |          |        | canals                 |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Pecos       |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: springs and    |         |     |
|       |          |        | spring runs associated |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | with Diamond Y Draw    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 4\) Texas, Reeves      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Toyah Creek,   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Balmorhea Lake, San    |         |     |
|       |          |        | Solomon Spring, and    |         |     |
|       |          |        | their associated       |         |     |
|       |          |        | wetland areas, spring  |         |     |
|       |          |        | runs, or irrigation    |         |     |
|       |          |        | canals                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | r        | A      | 1\) Arizona, Mohave    | yea     | R,  |
| Water | azorback | quatic | County: Lake Mohave    | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | sucker   | Arth   | and Willow Beach       | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | det    |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ritus, | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          | pl     | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          | ankton | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Rio      | Plant  | New Mexico: Rio Grande | yea     | C,  |
| Water | Grande   | (      | River                  | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  | silvery  | algae) |                        | p       | ROW |
|       | minnow   |        |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | San      | A      | Texas, Hays County:    | yea     | C,  |
| Water | Marcos   | quatic | Spring Lake and San    | r-round | M,  |
| Fish  | gambusia | Art    | Marcos River           | pr      | R   |
|       |          | hropod |                        | esence; | /P, |
|       |          |        | above confluence with  | may be  |     |
|       |          |        | Blanco River           | extinct | R   |
|       |          |        |                        |         | OW, |
|       |          |        |                        |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Sonora   | A      | Arizona, Santa Cruz    | yea     | R,  |
| Water | chub     | quatic | County: small to       | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | medium-sized streams   | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | Terre  | in Sycamore Canyon     |         |     |
|       |          | strial |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Arth   |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ropod, |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | (      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | algae) |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | s        | A      | 1\) Arizona: upper     | yea     | R,  |
| Water | pikedace | quatic | Verde Creek, Eagle     | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Art    | Creek, and Aravapai    | p       |     |
|       |          | hropod | Creek                  | resence |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) New Mexico: Gila   |         |     |
|       |          |        | River system           |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Virgin   | A      | 1\) Arizona: Virgin    | yea     | R,  |
| Water | River    | quatic | River and its Moapa (= | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | chub     | Arth   | Muddy ) River          | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, | tributary              | resence |     |
|       |          | Terre  |                        |         |     |
|       |          | strial | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          | Art    | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          | hropod | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | (?),   |                        |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          | (?)    |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | woundfin | A      | 1\) Arizona: Virgin    | yea     | R,  |
| Water |          | quatic | River                  | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  |          | Arth   |                        | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves | resence |     |
|       |          |        | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          | (      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | algae) | & Technology Center    |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Yaqui    | A      | 1\) New Mexico: medium | yea     | C,  |
| Water | catfish  | quatic | to large-sized streams | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Art    | in desert areas        | p       | ROW |
|       |          | hropod |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | (?)    | 2\) New Mexico, Chaves |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Dexter         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | & Technology Center    |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Uvalde      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Uvalde         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Fish Hatchery |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Yaqui    | A      | Arizona: small streams | yea     | F,  |
| Water | chub     | quatic | in Leslie Canyon       | r-round | R,  |
| Fish  |          | Arth   | National Wildlife      | p       | ROW |
|       |          | ropod, | Refuge, San Bernardino | resence |     |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          | Plant  | Refuge, and the        |         |     |
|       |          | (      | Coronado National      |         |     |
|       |          | algae) | Forest                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Warm  | Yaqui    | A      | Arizona: small to      | yea     | R,  |
| Water | t        | quatic | medium-sized streams,  | r-round | ROW |
| Fish  | opminnow | Arth   | springs, and cienegas  | p       |     |
|       |          | ropod, | in Buenos Aires,       | resence |     |
|       |          | Plant  | Leslie Canyon, and San |         |     |
|       |          | (plant | Bernardino national    |         |     |
|       |          | parts, | wildlife refuges       |         |     |
|       |          | a      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | lgae), |                        |         |     |
|       |          | de     |                        |         |     |
|       |          | tritus |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Comal    | pr     | 1\) Texas, Comal       | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | Springs  | obably | County: aquifer        | r-round | R   |
| Arth  | dryopid  | A      | feeding into Comal     | p       | /P, |
| ropod | beetle   | quatic | Springs                | resence | R   |
|       |          | Art    |                        |         | OW, |
|       |          | hropod | 2\) Texas, Hays        |         | U   |
|       |          |        | County: aquifer        |         |     |
|       |          | and    | feeding into Fern Bank |         |     |
|       |          | Fres   | Springs                |         |     |
|       |          | hwater |                        |         |     |
|       |          | M      |                        |         |     |
|       |          | ollusk |                        |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Comal    | A      | 1\) Texas, Comal       | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | Springs  | quatic | County: springflows    | r-round | M,  |
| Arth  | riffle   | Art    | from Comal Springs     | p       | R   |
| ropod | beetle   | hropod |                        | resence | /P, |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Hays        |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: springflows    |         | R   |
|       |          |        | from San Marcos        |         | OW, |
|       |          |        | Springs                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Noel=s   | Plant  | New Mexico, Chaves     | yea     | R,  |
| uatic | amphipod | (a     | County: springs,       | r-round | ROW |
| Arth  |          | lgae), | streams, and drainage  | p       |     |
| ropod |          | de     | canal                  | resence |     |
|       |          | tritus |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | in Bitter Lake         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Refuge                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Peck's   | u      | Texas, Comal County:   | yea     | C,  |
| uatic | cave     | nknown | aquifer feeding into   | r-round | R   |
| Arth  | amphipod |        | Comal Springs          | p       | /P, |
| ropod |          |        |                        | resence | R   |
|       |          |        | and Hueco Springs      |         | OW, |
|       |          |        |                        |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Aq    | Socorro  | Plant  | New Mexico, Socorro    | yea     | R,  |
| uatic | isopod   | (      | County: thermal spring | r-round | ROW |
| Arth  |          | algae) |                        | p       |     |
| ropod |          |        |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | American | Small  | Oklahoma: open         | yea     | C,  |
| erres | burying  | Mammal | grassland, oak-pine    | r-round | F,  |
| trial | beetle   | (ca    | woodland, oak-hickory  | pr      | P,  |
| Arth  |          | rrion) | forest,                | esence; | ROW |
| ropod |          |        |                        | may be  |     |
|       |          |        | pasture, and cropland  | buried  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | belo    |     |
|       |          |        |                        | wground |     |
|       |          |        |                        | during  |     |
|       |          |        |                        | d       |     |
|       |          |        |                        | aylight |     |
|       |          |        |                        | hours   |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Bone     | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | ha       | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | rvestman | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Braken   | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Bat Cave | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | me       | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | shweaver | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Coffin   | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | mold     | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | beetle   | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Coke     | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | ndolpher | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | cave     | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | ha       | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | rvestman |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Go       | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | vernment | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | Canyon   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | Bat Cave | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | me       |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       | shweaver | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Go       | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | vernment | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | Canyon   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | Bat Cave | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | spider   |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Helotes  | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | mold     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | beetle   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  |          | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Kre      | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | tschmarr | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | Cave     | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | mold     | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | beetle   |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Madla    | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | me       | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | shweaver | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Reddell  | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | ha       | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | rvestman | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  |          | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Rhadine  | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | exilis   | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | (no      | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | common   | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | name)    |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Rhadine  | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | in       | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | fernalis | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | (no      | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | common   |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       | name)    | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Robber   | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Baron    | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | Cave     | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | me       | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod | shweaver |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Tooth    | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | ground   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | beetle   | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Tooth    | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | pseudo   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  | scorpion | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| T     | Tooth    | Terre  | Texas: cave entrances, | yea     | C,  |
| erres | Cave     | strial | sinkholes, and         | r-round | R   |
| trial | spider   | Arth   | crevices               | p       | /P, |
| Arth  |          | ropod, |                        | resence | R   |
| ropod |          |        | in limestone rock      |         | OW, |
|       |          | Fungus | outcrop                |         | U   |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Alamosa  | de     | New Mexico, Socorro    | yea     | R,  |
| water | spr      | tritus | County: thermal spring | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    | ingsnail |        | complex                | p       |     |
| llusk |          |        |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Kanab    | de     | Arizona: seeps,        | yea     | R,  |
| water | am       | tritus | wetlands, seeps, and   | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    | bersnail |        | springs in bottomland  | p       |     |
| llusk |          |        |                        | resence |     |
|       |          |        | of Colorado River in   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Grand Canyon National  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Park                   |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Koster=s | Plant  | New Mexico, Chaves     | yea     | R,  |
| water | tryonia  | (a     | County: springs and    | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    |          | lgae), | streams                | p       |     |
| llusk |          | de     |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | tritus | in Bitter Lake         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Refuge                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Ouachita | de     | Oklahoma: Little       | yea     | C,  |
| water | rock-po  | tritus | River, Ouachita River, | r-round | R   |
| Mo    | cketbook |        | and Kiamichi River     | p       | /P, |
| llusk |          |        |                        | resence | ROW |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Pecos    | Plant  | 1\) New Mexico, Chaves | yea     | R,  |
| water | a        | (a     | County: springs,       | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    | ssiminea | lgae), | streams,               | p       |     |
| llusk |          | de     |                        | resence |     |
|       |          | tritus | and drainage canal in  |         |     |
|       |          |        | Bitter Lake National   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Wildlife Refuge        |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 2\) Texas, Pecos       |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: Diamond Y Draw |         |     |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | 3\) Texas, Reeves      |         |     |
|       |          |        | County: East Sandia    |         |     |
|       |          |        | Spring                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Roswell  | Plant  | New Mexico, Chaves     | yea     | R,  |
| water | spr      | (a     | County: springs,       | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    | ingsnail | lgae), | streams, and drainage  | p       |     |
| llusk |          | de     | canal                  | resence |     |
|       |          | tritus |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | in Bitter Lake         |         |     |
|       |          |        | National Wildlife      |         |     |
|       |          |        | Refuge                 |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | sc       | de     | Oklahoma: Kiamichi     | yea     | C,  |
| water | aleshell | tritus | River and its Gates    | r-round | R   |
| Mo    | mussel   |        | Creek tributary,       | p       | /P, |
| llusk |          |        | Little River           | resence | ROW |
|       |          |        |                        |         |     |
|       |          |        | and its Mountain Fork  |         |     |
|       |          |        | River tributary, and   |         |     |
|       |          |        | Poteau River           |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | Socorro  | de     | New Mexico, Socorro    | yea     | R,  |
| water | spr      | tritus | County: thermal spring | r-round | ROW |
| Mo    | ingsnail |        |                        | p       |     |
| llusk |          |        |                        | resence |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+
| Fresh | winged   | de     | Oklahoma: Kiamichi     | yea     | C,  |
| water | m        | tritus | River, Muddy Boggy     | r-round | R   |
| Mo    | apleleaf |        | River, Neosho River,   | p       | /P, |
| llusk | mussel   |        |                        | resence | ROW |
|       |          |        | and Little River       |         |     |
+-------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------+-----+

Table 3 continued for proposed or listed plant species --

+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| *  |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| *T |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ab |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| le |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| 3. |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| Bi |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ol |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| og |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ic |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| al |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| i  |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| nf |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| or |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ma |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ti |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| on |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| f  |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| or |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| pr |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| op |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| os |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ed |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| or |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| li |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| st |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ed |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| s  |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| pe |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ci |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| es |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| in |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| Re |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| gi |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| on |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| 2  |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
| ** |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
+====+=========+===+======+====+===+==================+=======+=====+
| *  | *       | * | **f  | ** | * | *                | **sea | **  |
| *t | *common | * | lowe | po | * | *habitat/range** | sonal | pes |
| &e | name**  | c | ring | ll | p |                  | ity** | tic |
| to |         | l | peri | in | o |                  |       | ide |
| xi |         | a | od** | at | l |                  |       | us  |
| ci |         | s |      | or | l |                  |       | es\ |
| ty |         | s |      | to | i |                  |       | *** |
| g  |         | * |      | xi | n |                  |       |     |
| ro |         | * |      | ci | a |                  |       |     |
| up |         |   |      | ty | t |                  |       |     |
| ** |         |   |      | gr | o |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ou | r |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | p( | s |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | s) | i |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ** | z |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    | * |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    | * |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Arizona | m | May  | B  | l | Arizona: creek   | year- | R,  |
| la | agave   | o | to   | ee | a | bottoms and      | round | ROW |
| nt |         | n | July |    | r | steep rocky      | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      |    | g | slopes           | sence |     |
|    |         | c |      |    | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         | o |      |    |   | with shrubland   |       |     |
|    |         | t |      |    |   | or woodland      |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Arizona | d | late | B  | s | Arizona:         | year- | R,  |
| la | cli     | i | M    | ee | m | limestone        | round | ROW |
| nt | ff-rose | c | arch |    | a | outcrops         | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   |    | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | e    |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | arly |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | May  |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Arizona | d | late | B  | s | Arizona: desert  | year- | R,  |
| la | h       | i | A    | ee | m | shrubland        | round | ROW |
| nt | edgehog | c | pril |    | a |                  | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o |      |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   |    | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | mid  |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | -May |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Ashy    | d | all  | T  | s | Texas: fine      | year- | R   |
| la | dogweed | i | year | er | m | sandy loam in    | round | /P, |
| nt |         | c | w/   | re | a | grassland or     | pre   | ROW |
|    |         | o | rain | st | l | open brushland   | sence |     |
|    |         | t | fall | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | habitat on       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | national         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | wildlife         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | refuges)         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Black   | d | A    | B  | l | Texas: sandy     | year- | C,  |
| la | lace    | i | pril | ee | a | soils in         | round | R   |
| nt | cactus  | c | to   |    | r | grassland,       | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | June |    | g | mesquite,        | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t |      |    | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | or thorn         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | shrubland on     |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | coastal prairie  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Brady   | d | su   | B  | s | Arizona: desert  | year- | R,  |
| la | pin     | i | mmer | ee | m | scrubland        | round | ROW |
| nt | cushion | c |      |    | a |                  | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o |      |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Bunched | d | A    | B  | s | Texas: rock      | year- | R,  |
| la | cory    | i | pril | ee | m | outcrops in      | round | ROW |
| nt | cactus  | c | to   |    | a | desert scrubland | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | S    |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | epte |    | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | mber |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Canelo  | m | su   | B  | s | Arizona:         | year- | R,  |
| la | Hills   | o | mmer | ee | m | spring-fed       | round | ROW |
| nt | l       | n |      |    | a | wetlands in      | pre   |     |
|    | adies'- | o |      |    | l | desert scrubland | sence |     |
|    | tresses | c |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         | o |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         | t |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Chisos  | d | M    | B  | l | Texas: desert    | year- | R,  |
| la | Mtn.    | i | arch | ee | a | grassland and    | round | ROW |
| nt | h       | c | to   |    | r | scrubland        | pre   |     |
|    | edgehog | o | July |    | g |                  | sence |     |
|    | cactus  | t |      |    | e |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Cochise | d | M    | B  | s | Arizona: gray    | year- | R,  |
| la | pin     | i | arch | ee | m | limestone in     | round | ROW |
| nt | cushion | c | to   |    | a | desert grassland | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o | May  |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Davis   | d | Febr | B  | s | Texas: rock      | year- | R,  |
| la | green   | i | uary | ee | m | outcrops in      | round | ROW |
| nt | pitaya  | c | to   |    | a | desert scrubland | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | May  |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Eastern | m | June | T  | l | Oklahoma: moist  | year- | R   |
| la | prairie | o | to   | er | a | to wet tall      | round | /P, |
| nt | fringed | n | Au   | re | r | grass prairie    | pres  | ROW |
|    | orchid  | o | gust | st | g |                  | ence; |     |
|    |         | c |      | ri | e |                  | em    |     |
|    |         | o |      | al |   |                  | erges |     |
|    |         | t |      | A  |   |                  | in    |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  | May   |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  | and   |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  | a     |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  | boveg |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | round |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | parts |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | die   |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | back  |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | in    |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | w     |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | inter |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Gypsum  | d | May  | B  | s | New Mexico:      | year- | R,  |
| la | wild-bu | i | to   | ee | m | desert scrubland | round | ROW |
| nt | ckwheat | c | J    | &  | a | with gypsic      | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | uly; | T  | l | soils            | sence |     |
|    |         | t | ve   | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | geta | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tive | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | repr | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | oduc | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tion | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Hin     | d | Febr | no |   | Texas: dry       | year- | R,  |
| la | ckley's | i | uary | ne |   | limestone slopes | round | ROW |
| nt | oak     | c | to   | (w |   | in desert        | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | May  | in |   | scrubland        | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | d) |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Holy    | d | July | T  | s | New Mexico, San  | year- | F,  |
| la | Ghost   | i | to   | er | m | Miguel County:   | round | R,  |
| nt | ip      | c | S    | re | a | dry slopes and   | pre   | ROW |
|    | omopsis | o | epte | st | l | roadsides in     | sence |     |
|    |         | t | mber | ri | l | open ponderosa   |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | pine or mixed    |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | conifer in one   |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | valley of upper  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | Pecos River      |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | drainage         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Hu      | d | su   | B  | s | Arizona: river   | year- | R,  |
| la | achucha | i | mmer | ee | m | bottomland or    | round | ROW |
| nt | wate    | c |      | &  | a | spring-fed       | pre   |     |
|    | r-umbel | o |      | T  | l | wetland          | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | in desert        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   | scrubland        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | habitat on San   |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | Bernardino       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | National         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | Wildlife Refuge) |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Joh     | d | all  | B  | s | Texas: openings  | year- | R   |
| la | nston's | i | year | ee | m | in brushland     | round | /P, |
| nt | fr      | c | w/   | &  | a | with salty or    | pre   | ROW |
|    | ankenia | o | rain | T  | l | gypsic soils     | sence |     |
|    |         | t | fall | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Jones   | d | sum  | B  | s | Arizona: salty,  | year- | R,  |
| la | cyc     | i | mer; | ee | m | gypsic soils in  | round | ROW |
| nt | ladenia | c | ve   | &  | a | desert scrubland | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | geta | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | tive | er | l | or woodland      |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | repr | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | oduc | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tion | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Ke      | d | A    | T  | s | Arizona: dry     | year- | R,  |
| la | arney's | i | pril | er | m | washes in desert | round | ROW |
| nt | b       | o | to   | re | a | scrubland or     | pre   |     |
|    | luestar | c | June | st | l | woodland         | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | K       | d | A    | B  | s | New Mexico:      | year- | R,  |
| la | nowlton | i | pril | ee | m | ridges with      | round | ROW |
| nt | cactus  | c | to   | &  | a | sagebrus         | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | mid  | T  | l | h-pinyon-juniper | sence |     |
|    |         | t | -May | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | K       | d | May  | T  | s | New Mexico:      | year- | R,  |
| la | uenzler | i | to   | er | m | limestone        | round | ROW |
| nt | h       | c | e    | re | a | outcrops with    | pre   |     |
|    | edgehog | o | arly | st | l | pinyon-juniper   | sence |     |
|    | cactus  | t | June | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | habitat on       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | national         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | wildlife         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | refuges)         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Lee     | d | A    | B  | s | New Mexico:      | year- | R,  |
| la | pin     | i | pril | ee | m | semi-desert      | round | ROW |
| nt | cushion | c |      | &  | a | grassland        | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o |      | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | l | in Chihuahuan    |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | Desert           |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Large-  | d | late | T  | l | Texas: sandy or  | year- | C,  |
| la | fruited | i | M    | er | a | grassy areas in  | round | R   |
| nt | sand-   | c | arch | re | r | post oak         | pre   | /P, |
|    | verbena | o | thr  | st | g | woodland         | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | ough | ri | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | Dece | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | mber | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Little  | m | M    | B  | s | Texas, Jeff      | year- | R,  |
| la | Aguja   | o | arch | ee | m | Davis County:    | round | ROW |
| nt | p       | n | to   | &  | a | small pools and  | pre   |     |
|    | ondweed | o | A    | T  | l | slow water areas | sence |     |
|    |         | c | pril | er | l | in Little Aguja  |       |     |
|    |         | o |      | re |   | Creek and        |       |     |
|    |         | t |      | st |   | associated       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   | streams          |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Lloyd's | d | Febr | B  | s | Texas: limestone | year- | R,  |
| la | M       | i | uary | ee | m | outcrops in      | round | ROW |
| nt | ariposa | c | to   |    | a | desert scrubland | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o | July |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Mancos  | d | late | T  | s | New Mexico: soil | year- | R,  |
| la | mil     | i | A    | er | m | in shallow,      | round | ROW |
| nt | k-vetch | c | pril | re | a | bowl-like        | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | st | l | depressions      | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | mid  | al |   | within bedrock   |       |     |
|    |         |   | -May | A  |   | sandstone        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Mesa    | d | late | B  | s | New Mexico: clay | year- | R,  |
| la | Verde   | i | A    | ee | m | soils in         | round | ROW |
| nt | cactus  | c | pril | &  | a | drainages on     | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | T  | l | eastern edge     | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | e    | re |   | of Navajoan      |       |     |
|    |         |   | arly | st |   | Desert           |       |     |
|    |         |   | May  | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Navajo  | m | sp   | no |   | Arizona: seeping | year- | R   |
| la | sedge   | o | ring | ne |   | springs on       | round |     |
| nt |         | n |      | (w |   | vertical cliffs  | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | in |   |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | c |      | d) |   | of Navajo        |       |     |
|    |         | o |      |    |   | sandstone        |       |     |
|    |         | t |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | N       | m | mid  | B  | l | Texas: tree      | year- | C,  |
| la | avasota | o | -Oct | ee | a | openings or      | round | R   |
| nt | ladies' | n | ober |    | r | lightly wooded   | pres  | /P, |
|    | -       | o |      |    | g | areas            | ence; | ROW |
|    | tresses | c | to   |    | e |                  | em    |     |
|    |         | o | late |    |   | along            | erges |     |
|    |         | t | Nove |    |   | intermittent     | in    |     |
|    |         |   | mber |    |   | streams with     | May   |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | post oak         | and   |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | woodland         | a     |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | boveg |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | round |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | parts |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | die   |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | back  |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | in    |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | w     |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | inter |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Nellie  | d | M    | B  | s | Texas: rock      | year- | R,  |
| la | cory    | i | arch | ee | m | outcrops in      | round | ROW |
| nt | cactus  | c | to   |    | a | desert scrubland | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | June |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | N       | d | late | B  | s | Arizona: desert  | year- | R,  |
| la | ichol's | i | A    | ee | m | scrubland        | round | ROW |
| nt | Turk's  | c | pril | &  | a |                  | pre   |     |
|    | head    | o | to   | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    | cactus  | t | mid  | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | -May | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Pecos   | d | Au   | B  | l | 1\) New Mexico:  | year- | R,  |
| la | su      | i | gust | ee | a | wetland areas    | round | ROW |
| nt | nflower | c | to   | &  | r | around desert    | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | Nove | T  | g | springs          | sence |     |
|    |         | t | mber | er | e |                  | but   |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | (includes        | pr    |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   | habitat in       | esent |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   | Bitter Lake      | d     |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | National         | uring |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | Wildlife Refuge) | w     |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  | inter |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | 2\) Texas:       | as    |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | wetland areas    | seed  |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   | around desert    | only  |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | springs          |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Peebles | d | su   | B  | s | Arizona:         | year- | R,  |
| la | Navajo  | i | mmer | ee | m | gravelly soils   | round | ROW |
| nt | cactus  | c |      | &  | a | in desert        | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | T  | l | scrubland        | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Pima    | d | June | B  | s | Arizona:         | year- | R,  |
| la | pi      | i | to   | ee | m | valleys, mesas,  | round | ROW |
| nt | neapple | c | Au   | &  | a | and hillsides    | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o | gust | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | l | in desert        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | scrubland,       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   | grassland, or    |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   | woodland         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | habitat on       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | national         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | wildlife         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   | refuges)         |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Sac     | d | July | S  | l | New Mexico:      | year- | F   |
| la | ramento | i | to   | ma | a | steep calcium    | round |     |
| nt | Mo      | c | S    | ll | r | carbonate        | pre   |     |
|    | untains | o | epte | Av | g | deposits         | sence |     |
|    | thistle | t | mber | ia | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | n, |   | near springs or  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | streams in the   |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | B  |   | Sacramento       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ee |   | Mountains        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | &  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | T  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | er |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Sac     | d | May  | B  | l | New Mexico:      | year- | F   |
| la | ramento | i | thr  | ee | a | rocky canyons on | round |     |
| nt | prickl  | c | ough | &  | r | the western      | pre   |     |
|    | y-poppy | o | fall | T  | g | slope            | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | of the           |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   | Sacramento       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   | Mountains        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | San     | d | sum  | B  | s | New Mexico:      | year- | n   |
| la | Fr      | i | mer; | ee | m | alpine tundra    | round | one |
| nt | ancisco | c | ve   | &  | a |                  | pre   |     |
|    | gr      | o | geta | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    | oundsel | t | tive | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | repr | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | oduc | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tion | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Sentry  | d | late | B  | s | Arizona:         | year- | R,  |
| la | mil     | i | A    | ee | m | unshaded         | round | ROW |
| nt | k-vetch | c | pril | &  | a | openings in      | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | T  | l | pinyon-j         | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   | er | l | uniper-cliffrose |       |     |
|    |         |   | e    | re |   | areas on         |       |     |
|    |         |   | arly | st |   | limestone        |       |     |
|    |         |   | May  | ri |   | outcrops         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Siler   | d | sp   | B  | s | Arizona: gypsic  | year- | R,  |
| la | pin     | i | ring | ee | m | clay and sandy   | round | ROW |
| nt | cushion | c |      | &  | a | soils in desert  | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o |      | T  | l | scrubland        | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Slender | d | Febr | T  | s | Texas: coastal   | year- | C,  |
| la | r       | i | uary | er | m | prairie          | round | R   |
| nt | ush-pea | c |      | re | a | grassland with   | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | to   | st | l | heavy clay soils | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | Nove | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | mber | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Sneed   | d | Ap   | B  | s | New Mexico and   | year- | R,  |
| la | pin     | i | ril; | ee | m | Texas: limestone | round | ROW |
| nt | cushion | c | s    |    | a | ridges           | pre   |     |
|    | cactus  | o | omet |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | imes |    | l | and rocky slopes |       |     |
|    |         |   | su   |    |   | in desert        |       |     |
|    |         |   | mmer |    |   | mountains        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | w/   |    |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   | rain |    |   | habitat on       |       |     |
|    |         |   | fall |    |   | national         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | wildlife         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | refuges)         |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | South   | d | July | no |   | Texas: grassland | year- | C,  |
| la | Texas   | i | to   | ne |   | and mesquite     | round | R   |
| nt | a       | c | Nove | (w |   | shrubland        | pre   | /P, |
|    | mbrosia | o | mber | in |   |                  | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t |      | d) |   | on coastal       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | prairie          |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Star    | d | M    | T  | s | Texas: mesquite  | year- | R,  |
| la | cactus  | i | arch | er | m | grassland        | round | ROW |
| nt |         | c | to   | re | a |                  | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | June | st | l | or               | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | ri | l | mes              |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | quite-blackbrush |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   | shrubland        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Te      | d | M    | B  | s | Texas: gypsic    | year- | R,  |
| la | rlingua | i | arch | ee | m | soils or chalky  | round | ROW |
| nt | Creek   | c | to   |    | a | shale            | pre   |     |
|    | ca      | o | May  |    | l |                  | sence |     |
|    | t's-eye | t |      |    | l | on low hills or  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | ridges           |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | d | all  | B  | s | Texas: flood     | year- | C,  |
| la | ayenia  | i | year | ee | m | plains or        | round | R   |
| nt |         | c | w/   |    | a | terraces with    | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | rain |    | l | brushland        | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | fall |    | l |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | d | A    | B  | l | Texas: sandy     | year- | C,  |
| la | poppy   | i | pril | ee | a | soils in         | round | R   |
| nt | -mallow | c | to   |    | r | grassland        | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | June |    | g | invaded by brush | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t |      |    | e |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | d | M    | T  | s | Texas: sparsely  | year- | C,  |
| la | prairie | i | arch | er | m | vegetated areas  | round | R   |
| nt | dawn    | c |      | re | a | in coastal       | pre   | /P, |
|    | -flower | o | to   | st | l | prairie          | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | e    | ri | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | arly | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | A    | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | pril | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | d | late | B  | s | Texas: limestone | year- | R,  |
| la | sn      | i | M    | ee | m | bluffs along     | round | ROW |
| nt | owbells | c | arch | &  | a | rivers, streams, | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | T  | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   | er | l | and other        |       |     |
|    |         |   | m    | re |   | drainages        |       |     |
|    |         |   | id-A | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | pril | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | d | M    | B  | l | Texas: grassy    | year- | C,  |
| la | t       | i | arch | ee | a | areas of         | round | R   |
| nt | railing | c | to   | &  | r | longleaf pine    | pre   | /P, |
|    | phlox   | o | May  | T  | g |                  | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t |      | er | e | or post oak      |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   | woodland         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Texas   | m | A    | no |   | 1\) Texas, Hays  | year- | C,  |
| la | wi      | o | pril | ne |   | County: San      | round | R   |
| nt | ld-rice | n | to   | (  |   | Marcos National  | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | May  | wa |   | Fish Hatchery &  | sence |     |
|    |         | c |      | te |   | Technology       |       | R   |
|    |         | o |      | r) |   | Center           |       | OW, |
|    |         | t |      |    |   |                  |       | U   |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | 2\) Texas, Hays  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | County: Spring   |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | Lake and San     |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | Marcos River     |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | above confluence |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | with Blanco      |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | River            |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Tobusch | d | late | B  | s | Texas: rocky or  | year- | R   |
| la | f       | i | Jan  | ee | m | grassy openings  | round | /P, |
| nt | ishhook | c | uary |    | a |                  | pre   | ROW |
|    | cactus  | o |      |    | l | in live          | sence |     |
|    |         | t | to   |    | l | oak-juniper      |       |     |
|    |         |   | e    |    |   | woodland         |       |     |
|    |         |   | arly |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | A    |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | pril |    |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | T       | d | July | B  | l | New Mexico:      | year- | R,  |
| la | odsen's | i | to   | ee | a | steep            | round | ROW |
| nt | pen     | c | Se   | &  | r | north-facing     | pre   |     |
|    | nyroyal | o | ptem | T  | g | limestone slopes | sence |     |
|    |         | t | ber; | er | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | ve   | re |   | with loose       |       |     |
|    |         |   | geta | st |   | gypsic gravel    |       |     |
|    |         |   | tive | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | repr | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | oduc | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tion | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | W       | d | all  | T  | l | Texas: thorn     | year- | C,  |
| la | alker's | i | year | er | a | shrubland or     | round | R   |
| nt | manioc  | c | w/   | re | r | grassland        | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | rain | st | g |                  | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | fall | ri | e | with sandy loam  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   | soils            |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   | (includes        |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | habitat on       |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   | national         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   | wildlife         |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   | refuges)         |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Welsh's | d | su   | T  | l | Arizona: sand    | year- | R,  |
| la | m       | i | mmer | er | a | dunes            | round | ROW |
| nt | ilkweed | c |      | re | r |                  | pre   |     |
|    |         | o |      | st | g |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t |      | ri | e |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Western | m | late | T  | l | Oklahoma: tall   | year- | P,  |
| la | prairie | o | June | er | a | grass prairie    | round | R,  |
| nt | fringed | n |      | re | r |                  | pres  | R   |
|    | orchid  | o | to   | st | g |                  | ence; | /P, |
|    |         | c | e    | ri | e |                  | em    | ROW |
|    |         | o | arly | al |   |                  | erges |     |
|    |         | t | July | A  |   |                  | in    |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  | May   |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  | and   |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  | a     |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  | boveg |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | round |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | parts |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | die   |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | back  |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | in    |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | w     |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | inter |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | White   | d | late | T  | s | Texas:           | year- | C,  |
| la | bla     | i | M    | er | m | seasonally wet,  | round | R   |
| nt | dderpod | c | arch | re | a | sandy soils in   | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o |      | st | l | grassy areas     | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | to   | ri | l |                  | but   |     |
|    |         |   | e    | al |   | or large         | pr    |     |
|    |         |   | arly | A  |   | openings inside  | esent |     |
|    |         |   | June | rt |   | pine-oak         | d     |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   | woodland         | uring |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  | w     |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  | inter |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | as    |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | seed  |     |
|    |         |   |      |    |   |                  | only  |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Zapata  | d | all  | B  | s | Texas: open      | year- | C,  |
| la | bla     | i | year | ee | m | thorn shrubland  | round | R   |
| nt | dderpod | c | w/   | &  | a | on gravelly to   | pre   | /P, |
|    |         | o | rain | T  | l | sandy loams      | sence | ROW |
|    |         | t | fall | er | l |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | re |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | st |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | ri |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | al |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+
| P  | Zuni    | d | May  | T  | s | Arizona and New  | year- | R,  |
| la | f       | i | to   | er | m | Mexico: red clay | round | ROW |
| nt | leabane | c | J    | re | a | soils            | pre   |     |
|    |         | o | une; | st | l |                  | sence |     |
|    |         | t | ve   | ri | l | in               |       |     |
|    |         |   | geta | al |   | pinyon-juniper   |       |     |
|    |         |   | tive | A  |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | repr | rt |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | oduc | hr |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   | tion | op |   |                  |       |     |
|    |         |   |      | od |   |                  |       |     |
+----+---------+---+------+----+---+------------------+-------+-----+

\* Pesticide Uses:

C = Cropland

F = Forest

M = Mosquito Control

P = Pasture

> R = Rangeland

R/P = Rangeland/Pasture

> ROW = Right-of-Way
>
> S = Specialty (rodenticides, predator control agents, etc.)
>
> U = Urban

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**Appendix A. Pesticide ecotoxicity classes for animals**

Toxicity endpoints for animal ecotoxicity classes (Classes 0, 1, 2, and
3) are defined in the diagram below.[^45] Hazard indicator categories
for animals range from practically nontoxic to very highly toxic
according to irritancy endpoints (eye, skin) or toxicity concentrations
(LD~50~s, LC~50~s, or EC~50~s). An LD~50~ represents the lethal dosage
for 50% of individuals of a given animal species during a toxicity
trial. Similarly, an LC~50~ is the lethal concentration reached in food
or water for 50% of tested animals whereas an EC~50~ is the
environmental concentration at which an effect is observed for 50% of
tested animals.

+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| **          | **0**    | **1**    |           | **2**     | **3**  |
| Pesticide** |          |          |           |           |        |
|             |          |          |           |           |        |
| **          |          |          |           |           |        |
| ecotoxicity |          |          |           |           |        |
| classes**   |          |          |           |           |        |
|             |          |          |           |           |        |
| **for       |          |          |           |           |        |
| animals**   |          |          |           |           |        |
+=============+==========+==========+===========+===========+========+
| Hazard      | Pra      | Slightly | M         | Highly    | Very   |
| indicator   | ctically | toxic    | oderately | toxic     | highly |
| categories  |          |          | toxic     |           | toxic  |
|             | n        |          |           |           |        |
|             | on-toxic |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| EPA         | IV       | III      | II        | I         |        |
| toxicity    |          |          |           |           |        |
| categories  |          |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| EPA signal  | Caution  | Caution  | Warning   | Danger    |        |
| words       | \*       |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Mamm        | No       | No       | Corneal   | C         |        |
| alian/avian | ir       | corneal  | opacity   | orrosive; |        |
| acute eye   | ritation | opacity; | r         |           |        |
| irritation  |          | ir       | eversible | corneal   |        |
|             |          | ritation | within 7  | opacity   |        |
|             |          | re       | days;     | not       |        |
|             |          | versible | i         | r         |        |
|             |          |          | rritation | eversible |        |
|             |          | within 7 | p         | within 7  |        |
|             |          | days     | ersisting | days      |        |
|             |          |          |           |           |        |
|             |          |          | for 7     |           |        |
|             |          |          | days      |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Mammalian   | Mild or  | Moderate | Severe    | Corrosive |        |
| acute       | slight   | ir       | i         |           |        |
|             | ir       | ritation | rritation |           |        |
| skin        | ritation |          |           |           |        |
| irritation  |          | at 72    | at 72     |           |        |
|             | at 72    | hrs.     | hrs.      |           |        |
|             | hrs.     |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Mammalian   | \> 5,000 | 5,000 -  | 500 - 51  |  50      |        |
| acute       |          | 501      |           |           |        |
|             | mg/kg H  |          | mg/kg     | mg/kg     |        |
| oral LD~50~ |          | mg/kg    |           |           |        |
|             | (body    |          |           |           |        |
|             | wt.)     |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Mammalian   | \>       | 20,000 - | 2,000 -   |  200     |        |
| acute       | 20,000   | 2,001    | 201       |           |        |
| dermal      |          | mg/kg    |           | mg/kg     |        |
| LD~50~      | mg/kg    |          | mg/kg     |           |        |
|             | (body    |          |           |           |        |
|             | wt.)     |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Mammalian   | \> 20    | 20 - 2.1 | 2 - 0.21  |  0.2     |        |
| acute       |          |          |           |           |        |
| inhalation  | mg/l H   | mg/l     | mg/l      | mg/l      |        |
| LC~50~      |          |          |           |           |        |
|             | (air     |          |           |           |        |
|             | volume)  |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Avian acute | \> 2,000 | 2,000 -  | 500 - 51  | 50 - 11   |  10   |
|             |          | 501      |           |           |        |
| oral LD~50~ | mg/kg    |          | mg/kg     | mg/kg     | mg/kg  |
|             | (body    | mg/kg    |           |           |        |
|             | wt.)     |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Avian       | \> 5,000 | 5,000 -  | 1,000 -   | 500 - 51  |  50   |
| subacute    |          | 1,001    | 501       |           |        |
|             | ppm §    |          |           | ppm       | ppm    |
| dietary     | (food)   | ppm      | ppm       |           |        |
| LC~50~      |          |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Aquatic     | \> 100   | 100 -    | 10 - 1.1  | 1 - 0.11  |  0.1  |
| organism    |          | 10.1     |           |           |        |
|             | mg/l     |          | mg/l      | mg/l      | mg/l   |
| acute       | (water)  | mg/l     |           |           |        |
| LC~50~ or   |          |          |           |           |        |
| EC~50~      |          |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| Bee acute   | \> 11    |          | 11 - 2.1  |  2       |        |
| LD~50~      |          |          |           |           |        |
|             | g       |          | g ai/bee | g ai/bee |        |
|             | ai/bee I |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+
| > \* Use of |          |          |           |           |        |
| > the       |          |          |           |           |        |
| > signal    |          |          |           |           |        |
| > word      |          |          |           |           |        |
| > ACaution@ |          |          |           |           |        |
| > for       |          |          |           |           |        |
| > Category  |          |          |           |           |        |
| > IV        |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
|  pesticides |          |          |           |           |        |
| > is        |          |          |           |           |        |
| > optional  |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
| > H mg/kg = |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
|  milligrams |          |          |           |           |        |
| > per       |          |          |           |           |        |
| > kilogram  |          |          |           |           |        |
| > on wt/wt  |          |          |           |           |        |
| > basis;    |          |          |           |           |        |
| > mg/l =    |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
|  milligrams |          |          |           |           |        |
| > per liter |          |          |           |           |        |
| > on wt/vol |          |          |           |           |        |
| > basis     |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
| > § ppm =   |          |          |           |           |        |
| > parts per |          |          |           |           |        |
| > million   |          |          |           |           |        |
| >           |          |          |           |           |        |
| (equivalent |          |          |           |           |        |
| > to mg/kg  |          |          |           |           |        |
| > or mg/l); |          |          |           |           |        |
| > ppm is    |          |          |           |           |        |
| > used to   |          |          |           |           |        |
| > indicate  |          |          |           |           |        |
| > avian     |          |          |           |           |        |
| > dietary   |          |          |           |           |        |
| > toxicity  |          |          |           |           |        |
|             |          |          |           |           |        |
| I g ai/bee |          |          |           |           |        |
| =           |          |          |           |           |        |
| micrograms  |          |          |           |           |        |
| of active   |          |          |           |           |        |
| ingredient  |          |          |           |           |        |
| per bee     |          |          |           |           |        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-----------+-----------+--------+

**Appendix B. Calculated buffer zones relative to pesticide ecotoxicity
classes**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>Buffer zone distances</strong></p>
<p><strong>for terrestrial habitat</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Indexed to habitat edge</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><p><strong>Indexed with 30 ft. setback</strong></p>
<p><strong>from habitat edge</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p><strong>Indexed with 60 ft. setback</strong></p>
<p><strong>from habitat edge</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ecotoxicity class</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 (&amp; 3)</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 (&amp; 3)</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2 (&amp; 3)</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p>Spot applications</p>
<p>w/ solid formulations</p></td>
<td>none</td>
<td>10 ft.</td>
<td>20 ft.</td>
<td>30 ft.</td>
<td>40 ft.</td>
<td>50 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>70 ft.</td>
<td>80 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>30 ft.*</td>
<td>40 ft.*</td>
<td>50 ft.*</td>
<td>60 ft.*</td>
<td>70 ft.*</td>
<td>80 ft.*</td>
<td>90 ft.*</td>
<td>100 ft.*</td>
<td>100 ft.*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Spot applications w/ liquid formulations</td>
<td>none</td>
<td>10 ft.</td>
<td>20 ft.</td>
<td>30 ft.</td>
<td>40 ft.</td>
<td>50 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>70 ft.</td>
<td>80 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Mechanized ground or aerial (low or high) applications
w/ solid formulations</td>
<td>30 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>100 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>100 ft.</td>
<td>150 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>60 ft.*</td>
<td>90 ft.*</td>
<td>100 ft.*</td>
<td>90 ft.*</td>
<td>100 ft.*</td>
<td>150 ft.*</td>
<td>100 ft.*</td>
<td>150 ft.*</td>
<td>200 ft.*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mechanized ground applications w/ liquid formulations</td>
<td>30 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>60 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>100 ft.</td>
<td>90 ft.</td>
<td>100 ft.</td>
<td>150 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Spot or mechanized ground applications w/ ULV or dust
formulations</td>
<td>80 ft.</td>
<td>150 ft.</td>
<td>250 ft.</td>
<td>100 ft.</td>
<td>200 ft.</td>
<td>300 ft.</td>
<td>150 ft.</td>
<td>200 ft.</td>
<td>300 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Low aerial applications w/ liquid formulations</td>
<td>150 ft.</td>
<td>300 ft.</td>
<td>450 ft.</td>
<td>200 ft.</td>
<td>350 ft.</td>
<td>500 ft.</td>
<td>200 ft.</td>
<td>350 ft.</td>
<td>500 ft.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Low aerial applications</p>
<p>w/ ULV or dust formulations</p></td>
<td>500 ft.</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>500 ft.</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>500 ft.</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>High aerial applications w/ liquid formulations</td>
<td>1/8 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/2 mile</td>
<td>1/8 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/8 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/2 mile</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>High aerial applications</p>
<p>w/ ULV or dust formulations</p></td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/2 mile</td>
<td>3/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/2 mile</td>
<td>3/4 mile</td>
<td>1/4 mile</td>
<td>1/2 mile</td>
<td>3/4 mile</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10">* Indexed with 30 ft. setback for applications of solid
formulations in areas with seed-eating or grit-eating bird species
present.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Buffer zone        | **I    |         | **I    |        |        |
| distances for        | ndexed |         | ndexed |        |        |
| aquatic habitat**    | with   |         | with   |        |        |
|                      | 50 ft. |         | 300    |        |        |
|                      | s      |         | ft.    |        |        |
|                      | etback |         | set    |        |        |
|                      | from   |         | back** |        |        |
|                      | h      |         |        |        |        |
|                      | abitat |         | **from |        |        |
|                      | edge** |         | h      |        |        |
|                      |        |         | abitat |        |        |
|                      | *      |         | edge** |        |        |
|                      | *(mech |         |        |        |        |
|                      | anized |         | *      |        |        |
|                      | ground |         | *(mech |        |        |
|                      | and    |         | anized |        |        |
|                      | aerial |         | ground |        |        |
|                      | applic |         | and    |        |        |
|                      | ations |         | aerial |        |        |
|                      | o      |         | applic |        |        |
|                      | nly)** |         | ations |        |        |
|                      |        |         | o      |        |        |
|                      |        |         | nly)** |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ecotoxicity class    | 1      | 2 & 3   | 1      | 2 (&   | 3      |
|                      |        |         |        | 3)     |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Spot applications w/ | 10 ft. | 20 ft.  | 30 ft. | 50 ft. | 100    |
| solid, liquid, or    |        |         |        |        | ft.    |
| dust formulations    |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Mechanized ground    | 50 ft. | 80 ft.  | 300    | 350    | 350    |
| applications or      |        |         | ft.    | ft.    | ft.    |
| aerial applications  |        |         |        |        |        |
| of solid             |        |         |        |        |        |
| formulations         |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Mechanized ground    | 80 ft. | 100 ft. | 350    | 350    | 400    |
| applications         |        |         | ft.    | ft.    | ft.    |
|                      |        |         |        |        |        |
| w/ liquid            |        |         |        |        |        |
| formulations         |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Spot or mechanized   | 150    | 200 ft. | 400    | 450    | 500    |
| ground applications  | ft.    |         | ft.    | ft.    | ft.    |
|                      |        |         |        |        |        |
| w/ ULV or dust       |        |         |        |        |        |
| formulations         |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Low aerial           | 200    | 350 ft. | 450    | 1/8    | 1/8    |
| applications w/      | ft.    |         | ft.    | mile   | mile   |
| liquid formulations  |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Low aerial           | 500    | 1/4     | 1/8    | 1/4    | 1/4    |
| applications         | ft.    | mile    | mile   | mile   | mile   |
|                      |        |         |        |        |        |
| w/ ULV or dust       |        |         |        |        |        |
| formulations         |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| High aerial          | 1/8    | 1/4     | 1/8    | 1/4    | 1/2    |
| applications w/      | mile   | mile    | mile   | mile   | mile   |
| liquid formulations  |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| High aerial          | 1/4    | 1/2     | 1/4    | 1/2    | 3/4    |
| applications         | mile   | mile    | mile   | mile   | mile   |
|                      |        |         |        |        |        |
| w/ ULV or dust       |        |         |        |        |        |
| formulations         |        |         |        |        |        |
+----------------------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+

[^1]: ^?^ Critical habitat refers to geographic areas that have been
    designated under the Endangered Species Act as essential for the
    protection of listed species. Areas designated as critical habitat
    are found in 50 CFR \[Code of Federal Regulations\] § 17.95-17.96
    which can be accessed at the U.S. Government Printing Office
    website: http://www.gpo.gov.

[^2]: ^?^ A list of bird species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty
    Act may be found under 50 CFR § 10.13.

[^3]: ^?^ FIFRA was amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) in
    1996 to address issues regarding diet and risk.

[^4]: ^?^ Presidential Executive Order 13186 of January 10, 2001
    requires Federal agencies to avoid or minimize adverse impacts to
    migratory bird resources, as practicable, when conducting agency
    actions.

[^5]: Reference: Federal Register, Feb. 8, 1999. Vol. 64(25):6183-6186.

[^6]: ^?^ Secondary poisoning by pesticides may occur when animals
    consume other animals (target or nontarget) that have been killed or
    injured by a pesticide. Vertebrate control agents such as
    aminopyridine, diphacinone, and sodium cyanide (e.g., M-44 devices)
    can cause secondary poisoning as well as certain insecticides (e.g.,
    aldicarb, carbofuran, and famphur). In some cases, a "ring of death"
    may occur locally in an area when predators or scavenging animals
    die from (1) directly eating poison baits or (2) secondary poisoning
    after eating previously poisoned animals. Another example of
    secondary poisoning is bioaccumulation of a persistent pesticide
    (e.g., organochlorine pesticides) in tissues of nontarget animals
    through ingestion of pesticide-poisoned food in sublethal dosages.
    Due to the decline in use of persistent pesticides, secondary
    poisoning is generally limited to vertebrate control agents and a
    relatively few insecticides that have secondary poisoning potential.

[^7]: ^?^ Reference: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Draft
    pesticide registration notice: spray and dust drift label statements
    for pesticide products. URL
    http://www.epa.gov/oppmsd1/RP_Notices/prdraftspraydrift-t801.html

[^8]: ^?^ Class D herbicides include broadleaf herbicides that can
    affect gymnosperm plants in addition to angiosperm dicot plants.

[^9]: ^?^ The Terrestrial Arthropod toxicity group includes pollinator
    species.

[^10]: ^?^ Animal irritancy tests ordinarily rely on the rabbit or
    similar mammalian species to serve as a surrogate test species and
    model. The Draize test for eye irritancy uses albino rabbits to
    determine whether exposure to a particular contaminant such as a
    pesticide can cause eye irritation or loss of eye function in
    humans. However, the rabbit eye has a protective nictitating
    membrane (third eyelid) which is commonly found in mammals, avians,
    reptiles, and anuran amphibians (i.e., frogs and toads). Since
    Draize testing with rabbits can indicate eye irritancy for species
    that have nictitating membranes as well as species that lack the
    membrane (e.g., humans), the tests may be used to indicate eye
    irritancy for terrestrial vertebrates in general despite potential
    differences in eye structure and other factors (lachrymal systems,
    blinking response, etc.).

[^11]: ^?^ These pesticides are specifically formulated for a narrow
    range of species when applied inside their habitat (e.g., a
    rodenticide used for control of rodents). However, formulations of
    specialty pesticides can impact nontarget species through (1) direct
    toxicity or (2) secondary poisoning and other indirect effects
    (e.g., removal of vegetative cover of a listed fish species by an
    aquatic herbicide).

[^12]: ^?^ A swath is the width of treated area covered by mechanized
    ground equipment or aircraft during a single trip across the area
    receiving pesticide treatment. The swath includes the pesticide
    volume (liquid, granules, etc.) applied directly to the targeted
    area by spray nozzles or spreaders but does not include pesticide
    applied indirectly as spray drift. Since large, solid formulations
    (granules, pellets, or treated seed) have practically no drift, an
    application swath involving these formulations is the width of the
    treated area wherever the pesticide is deposited upon the ground
    during the single trip across the treatment area. Although swaths
    may occur as offset applications during a crosswind, the offset
    swath closest to the area to be protected cannot be part of a
    specified buffer zone.

[^13]: ^?^ Generic buffer zones are typically derived from spray drift
    graphs and are used for planning and informational purposes;
    however, actual deposition of pesticide spray drift can vary by
    several orders of magnitude according to the application technique
    and environmental scenario. Specific estimates for spray drift and
    residues in runoff should be determined by computer models such as
    AgDRIFT or AGDISP (Thistle, H. 2004. USDA Forest Service - personal
    communication).

[^14]: ^?^ References: (a) Spray Drift Task Force. 1997. A summary of
    ground application studies. Stewart Agric. Services, Macon, MO. 5
    pp.; (b) Mulrooney, J., L. Smith, and B. Jones. 1999. Comparison of
    air-assist and mist-blower high boys. Unpublished study. Feb. 1999.
    USDA Agric. Res. Serv., Stoneville, MS; (c) Spray Drift Task Force.
    1997. A summary of aerial application studies. Stewart Agric.
    Services, Macon, MO. 7 pp.; (d) Mierjewski, K., W.G. Yendol, W.
    McLane, M. Legendre, B. Tanner, T. Roland, and K. Ducharme. 1993.
    Study of off-site deposition of malathion using operational
    procedures for the southeastern cotton boll weevil eradication
    program. Unpublished study. Dec. 1993. Pennsylvania State Univ.,
    Univ. Park. Grant award no. 12-34-81-0202-GR; (e) Beyers, D.W., M.S.
    Farmer, and P.J. Kikoski. 1995. Effects of rangeland aerial
    application of Sevin-4-Oil® on fish and aquatic invertebrate drift
    in the Little Missouri River, North Dakota. Arch. Environ. Contam.
    Toxicol. 28:27-34; and (f) Thistle, H. 2004. USDA Forest Service --
    personal communication.

[^15]: ^?^ Although a 3-mile buffer zone is generally recommended for
    large pollinators, a 2-mile buffer will protect nearly 90% of
    long-ranging pollinators (Buchmann, S. 2000. Pollinator consultant -
    personal communication).

[^16]: ^?^ Since pollinators may be active during periods other than
    flowering periods of listed plant species, buffer zones for these
    plant species should ordinarily be implemented throughout the year
    unless specific information on pollinators is known (Tepedino, V.J.
    1996. The reproductive biology of rare rangeland plants and their
    vulnerability to insecticides. p. III.5-10. *In* G.L Cuningham and
    M.W. Sampson (coord.) Grasshopper integrated pest management user
    handbook. USDA-APHIS. Tech. Bull. 1809. Washington, DC. Available at
    http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/grasshopper/Handbook/index.htm.).

[^17]: ^?^ Under FIFRA, EPA generally requires pesticide toxicity
    testing for only a small number of animal species that are
    representative of small mammals, gallinaceous birds, waterfowl, cold
    water fish, warm water fish, aquatic arthropods, and bees.

[^18]: ^?^ Seed-eating gallinaceous birds are not listed under the
    Migratory Bird Treaty Act (see 50 CFR §10.13).

[^19]: ^?^ Although native to central Texas, the fountain darter is
    categorized in the Cold Water Fish toxicity group due to (1) a
    relatively cold spring water habitat and (2) a reproductive
    sensitivity to warm water above 74 ºF.

[^20]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of nesting areas of
    wading birds are based on disturbance factors.

[^21]: ^?^ The recommended buffer zone for protection of burrowing owl
    nests is based on foraging distance.

[^22]: ^?^ The recommended buffer zone for protection of nests of these
    birds-of-prey is based on disturbance factors.

[^23]: ^?^ The recommended buffer zone for protection of nests of these
    birds-of-prey is based on disturbance factors and spray drift.

[^24]: ^?^ The recommended buffer zone for protection of golden eagle
    nests is based on disturbance factors.

[^25]: ^?^ The recommended buffer zone for protection of nests of these
    birds-of-prey is based on disturbance factors.

[^26]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of shorebird nesting
    areas are based on disturbance factors or spray drift.

[^27]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of nests of geese are
    based on (1) foraging distances and/or (2) spray drift.

[^28]: ^?^ Unless more restrictive protection measures are necessary for
    resident proposed or listed species of a facility, pesticide
    applications at the boundary of these facilities should be made
    according to protection measures given for Service facilities in
    Section 4.3.1 above.

[^29]: ^?^ A survey for the jaguar is recommended only if there has been
    a sighting within an area in the last year.

[^30]: ^?^ See Table 3 in Section 4.3.2 for flowering periods of
    proposed or listed plant species.

[^31]: ^?^ See Table 3 in Section 4.3.2 for flowering periods of
    proposed or listed plant species.

[^32]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of bald eagle nests
    against Class 0 or Class 1 pesticides are based on disturbance
    factors.

[^33]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of bald eagle nests
    against Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides are based on disturbance
    factors and/or spray drift.

[^34]: The limits on waterbody size (100 acres for lakes and reservoirs,
    300 feet for rivers) are used to exclude relatively large
    waterbodies (large rivers, coastal bays, etc.) where pesticide
    concentrations will not ordinarily impact fish resources for the
    bald eagle.

[^35]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of nests or roosts of
    the California condor are based on disturbance factors.

[^36]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of interior least
    tern colonies against Class 0 or Class 1 pesticides are based on
    disturbance factors.

[^37]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of interior least
    tern colonies against Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides are based on
    disturbance factors and/or pesticide drift.

[^38]: ^?^ The limits on waterbody size (100 acres for lakes and
    reservoirs, 300 ft. for rivers) are used to exclude relatively large
    waterbodies (large rivers, coastal bays, etc.) where pesticide
    concentrations will not ordinarily impact fish resources for the
    interior least tern.

[^39]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of protected activity
    centers of the Mexican spotted owl against Class 0 or Class 1
    pesticides are based on disturbance factors.

[^40]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of protected activity
    centers of the Mexican spotted owl against Class 2 or Class 3
    pesticides are based on disturbance factors and/or pesticide drift.

[^41]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of Northern aplomado
    falcon nests against Class 0 or Class 1 pesticides are based on
    disturbance factors.

[^42]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of Northern aplomado
    falcon nests against Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides are based on
    pesticide drift.

[^43]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of pygmy-owl sites
    against Class 0 or Class 1 pesticides are based on disturbance
    factors.

[^44]: ^?^ Recommended buffer zones for protection of pygmy-owl sites
    against Class 2 or Class 3 pesticides are based on disturbance
    factors and/or pesticide drift.

[^45]: Toxicity endpoints are derived from (1) EPA toxicity
    classifications and (2) Brooks, L. 1972. Insecticides - A handbook
    for use with insect control recommendations. No. Cc-375 (rev.).
    Coop. Exten. Serv., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.