**Potential Fishing Communities in the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida:
An effort in baseline profiling and mapping**

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="6.488194444444445in"
height="4.863888888888889in"}

**\"We can identify a thing only by pointing to what it was before it
became the thing that it will presently cease to be.\"**

**Carl Becker, 1932**

**by**

**Michael Jepson, Kathi Kitner, Ana Pitchon, Wendy Wicke Perry and Brent
Stoffle**

![](media/image2.png){width="1.0638888888888889in"
height="1.0638888888888889in"}
![](media/image3.jpeg){width="1.0597222222222222in"
height="0.9569444444444445in"}

**South Atlantic Fishery Management Council National Ocean and
Atmospheric Administration**

**One Southpark Circle, Ste. 306 National Marine Fisheries Service,
SERO**

**Charleston, SC 29407 9721 Executive Center Dr., North**

**St. Petersburg, FL 33702**

# Table of Contents

[Table of Contents i](#table-of-contents)

[1.0 Introduction 1](#introduction)

[1.1 Methodology for Defining Fishing Communities
1](#methodology-for-defining-fishing-communities)

[1.2 Census Demographic and Employment Data Caveats
3](#census-demographic-and-employment-data-caveats)

[2.0 North Carolina Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity
6](#north-carolina-communities-with-substantial-fishing-activity)

[2.1 Varnamtown (28462) 10](#__RefHeading___Toc134508791)

[2.1.1 Community Description 10](#community-description)

[2.1.2 Varnamtown Census Demographics
12](#varnamtown-census-demographics)

[2.1.3 Varnamtown Fishing Demographics
15](#varnamtown-fishing-demographics)

[2.2 Southport/ Bald Head Island (28461)
16](#southport-bald-head-island-28461)

[2.2.1 Community Description 17](#community-description-1)

[2.2.2 Bald Head Census Demographics 18](#bald-head-census-demographics)

[2.2.3 Southport Census Demographics 20](#southport-census-demographics)

[2.2.4 Southport/Bald Head Island Fishing Demographics
23](#southportbald-head-island-fishing-demographics)

[2.3 Carolina Beach (28428) 25](#carolina-beach-28428)

[2.3.1 Community Description 25](#community-description-2)

[2.3.2 Carolina Beach Census Demographics
26](#carolina-beach-census-demographics)

[2.3.3 Carolina Beach Fishing Demographics
29](#carolina-beach-fishing-demographics)

[2.4 Wilmington (28401,28403, 28405, 28411, 28412)
30](#wilmington-2840128403-28405-28411-28412)

[2.4.1 Community Description 30](#community-description-3)

[2.4.2 Wilmington Census Demographics
31](#wilmington-census-demographics)

[2.4.3 Wilmington Fishing Demographics
34](#wilmington-fishing-demographics)

[2.5 Wrightsville Beach (28480) 35](#wrightsville-beach-28480)

[2.5.1 Community Description 36](#community-description-4)

[2.5.2 Wrightsville Beach Census Demographics
37](#wrightsville-beach-census-demographics)

[2.5.3 Wrightsville Beach Fishing Demographics
39](#wrightsville-beach-fishing-demographics)

[2.6 Surf City/Topsail Beach (28445) & Hampstead (28443)
41](#surf-citytopsail-beach-28445-hampstead-28443)

[2.6.1 Community Description 41](#community-description-5)

[2.6.2 Topsail Beach Census Demographics
42](#topsail-beach-census-demographics)

[2.6.3 Topsail Beach Fishing Demographics
45](#topsail-beach-fishing-demographics)

[2.7 Sneads Ferry (28460) 47](#sneads-ferry-28460)

[2.7.1 Community Description 48](#community-description-6)

[2.7.2 Sneads Ferry Census Demographics
49](#sneads-ferry-census-demographics)

[2.7.3 Sneads Ferry Fishing Demographics
52](#sneads-ferry-fishing-demographics)

[2.8 Swansboro 53](#swansboro)

[2.8.1 Community Description 53](#community-description-7)

[2.8.2 Swansboro Census Demographics 54](#swansboro-census-demographics)

[2.8.3 Swansboro Fishing Demographics
57](#swansboro-fishing-demographics)

[2.9 Atlantic Beach (28512) 58](#atlantic-beach-28512)

[2.9.1 Community Description 58](#community-description-8)

[2.9.2. Atlantic Beach Census Demographics
59](#atlantic-beach-census-demographics)

[2.9.3 Atlantic Beach Fishing Demographics
62](#atlantic-beach-fishing-demographics)

[2.10 Morehead City (28557) 64](#morehead-city-28557)

[2.10.1 Community Description 64](#community-description-9)

[2.10.2 Morehead City Census Demographics
66](#morehead-city-census-demographics)

[2.10.3. Morehead City Fishing Demographics
69](#morehead-city-fishing-demographics)

[2.11 Beaufort (28516) 70](#beaufort-28516)

[2.11.1 Community Description 70](#community-description-10)

[2.11.2 Beaufort Census Demographics 72](#beaufort-census-demographics)

[2.11.3 Beaufort Fishing Demographics
74](#beaufort-fishing-demographics)

[2.12 Harker's Island (28531) 76](#harkers-island-28531)

[2.12.1 Community Description 76](#community-description-11)

[2.12.2 Harker's Island Census Demographics
77](#harkers-island-census-demographics)

[2.12.3 Harker's Island Fishing Demographics
80](#harkers-island-fishing-demographics)

[2.13 Hatteras (27959) 81](#hatteras-27959)

[2.13.1 Community Description 82](#community-description-12)

[2.13.2 Hatteras Census Demographics 83](#hatteras-census-demographics)

[2.13.3 Hatteras Fishing Demographics
84](#hatteras-fishing-demographics)

[2.14 Oriental (28571) 85](#oriental-28571)

[2.14.1 Community Description 85](#community-description-13)

[2.14.2 Oriental Census Demographics 86](#oriental-census-demographics)

[2.14.3 Oriental Fishing Demographics
89](#oriental-fishing-demographics)

[2.15 Vandemere/Mesic (28587) 90](#vandemeremesic-28587)

[2.15.1 Community Description 90](#community-description-14)

[2.15.2 Vandemere Census Demographics
91](#vandemere-census-demographics)

[2.15.3 Mesic Census Demographics 94](#mesic-census-demographics)

[2.15.4 Vandemere Fishing Demographics
97](#vandemere-fishing-demographics)

[2.16 Bath (27808) 98](#bath-27808)

[2.16.1 Community Description 98](#community-description-15)

[2.16.2 Bath Census Demographics 99](#bath-census-demographics)

[2.16.3 Bath Fishing Demographics 102](#bath-fishing-demographics)

[2.17 Belhaven (27810) 103](#belhaven-27810)

[2.17.1 Community Description 103](#community-description-16)

[2.17.2 Belhaven Census Demographics 104](#belhaven-census-demographics)

[2.17.3 Belhaven Fishing Demographics
106](#belhaven-fishing-demographics)

[2.18 Wanchese (27981) 108](#wanchese-27981)

[2.18.1 Community Description 108](#community-description-17)

[2.18.2 Wanchese Census Demographics 110](#wanchese-census-demographics)

[2.18.3 Wanchese Fishing Demographics
113](#wanchese-fishing-demographics)

[2.19 Manteo (27954) 114](#manteo-27954)

[2.19.1 Community Description 114](#community-description-18)

[2.19.2 Manteo Census Demographics 115](#manteo-census-demographics)

[2.19.3 Manteo Fishing Demographics 118](#manteo-fishing-demographics)

[2.20 Ocracoke (27960) 119](#ocracoke-27960)

[2.20.1 Community Description 119](#community-description-19)

[2.20.2 Ocracoke Census Demographics 120](#ocracoke-census-demographics)

[2.20.3 Ocracoke Fishing Demographics
123](#ocracoke-fishing-demographics)

[2.21 Elizabeth City (27909) 124](#elizabeth-city-27909)

[2.21.1 Community Description 124](#community-description-20)

[2.21.3 Elizabeth City Fishing Demographics
128](#elizabeth-city-fishing-demographics)

[2.22 North Carolina Fishing Infrastructure and Community
Characterization
129](#north-carolina-fishing-infrastructure-and-community-characterization)

[3.0 South Carolina Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity
131](#south-carolina-communities-with-substantial-fishing-activity)

[3.1 Hilton Head Island (29926, 29928)
134](#hilton-head-island-29926-29928)

[3.1.1 Community Description 134](#community-description-21)

[3.1.2 Hilton Head Census Demographics
135](#hilton-head-census-demographics)

[3.1.3 Hilton Head Fishing Demographics
137](#hilton-head-fishing-demographics)

[3.2 Beaufort/Port Royal (29935) 140](#beaufortport-royal-29935)

[3.2.1 Community Description 140](#community-description-22)

[3.2.2 Port Royal Census Demographics
141](#port-royal-census-demographics)

[3.2.3 Port Royal Fishing Demographics
144](#port-royal-fishing-demographics)

[3.3 Edisto Beach (29438) 146](#edisto-beach-29438)

[3.3.1 Community Description 146](#community-description-23)

[3.3.2 Edisto Beach Census Demographics
147](#edisto-beach-census-demographics)

[3.3.3 Edisto Island Fishing Demographics
149](#edisto-island-fishing-demographics)

[3.4 Seabrook Island (29455) 151](#seabrook-island-29455)

[3.4.1 Community Description 151](#community-description-24)

[3.4.2 Seabrook Census Demographics 152](#seabrook-census-demographics)

[3.4.3 Seabrook Fishing Demographics
154](#seabrook-fishing-demographics)

[3.5 Mt. Pleasant (29464) 156](#mt.-pleasant-29464)

[3.5.1 Community Description 156](#community-description-25)

[3.5.2 Mount Pleasant Census Demographics
157](#mount-pleasant-census-demographics)

[3.5.3 Mount Pleasant Fishing Demographics
160](#mount-pleasant-fishing-demographics)

[3.6 Isle of Palms (29451) 162](#isle-of-palms-29451)

[3.6.1 Community Description 162](#community-description-26)

[3.6.2 Isle of Palms Census Demographics
163](#isle-of-palms-census-demographics)

[3.6.3 Isle of Palms Fishing Demographics
166](#isle-of-palms-fishing-demographics)

[3.7 McClellanville (29458) 167](#mcclellanville-29458)

[3.7.1 Community Description 167](#community-description-27)

[3.7.2 McClellanville Census Demographics
168](#mcclellanville-census-demographics)

[3.7.3 McClellanville Fishing Demographics
170](#mcclellanville-fishing-demographics)

[3.8 Georgetown (29440) 172](#georgetown-29440)

[3.8.1 Community Description 172](#community-description-28)

[3.8.2 Georgetown Census Demographics
173](#georgetown-census-demographics)

[3.8.3 Georgetown Fishing Demographics
176](#georgetown-fishing-demographics)

[3.9 Murrells Inlet (29576) 177](#murrells-inlet-29576)

[3.9.1 Community Description 177](#community-description-29)

[3.9.2 Murrell's Inlet Census Demographics
178](#murrells-inlet-census-demographics)

[3.9.3 Murrell's Inlet Fishing Demographics
181](#murrells-inlet-fishing-demographics)

[3.10 Little River (29566) 183](#little-river-29566)

[3.10.1 Community Description 183](#community-description-30)

[3.10.2 Little River Census Demographics
184](#little-river-census-demographics)

[3.10.3 Little River Fishing Demographics
187](#little-river-fishing-demographics)

[3.11 South Carolina Fishing Infrastructure and Community
Characterization
188](#south-carolina-fishing-infrastructure-and-community-characterization)

[4.0 Georgia Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity
190](#georgia-communities-with-substantial-fishing-activity)

[4.1 Tybee Island ( 31328) 193](#tybee-island-31328)

[4.1.1 Community Description 193](#community-description-31)

[4.1.2 Tybee Island Census Demographics
194](#tybee-island-census-demographics)

[4.1.3 Tybee Island Fishing Demographics
196](#tybee-island-fishing-demographics)

[4.2 Thunderbolt (31404, 31410) 198](#thunderbolt-31404-31410)

[4.2.1 Community Description 198](#community-description-32)

[4.2.2 Thunderbolt Census Demographics
199](#thunderbolt-census-demographics)

[4.2.3 Thunderbolt Fishing Demographics
202](#thunderbolt-fishing-demographics)

[4.3 Darien (31305) 203](#darien-31305)

[4.3.1 Community Description 203](#community-description-33)

[4.3.2 Darien Census Demographics 204](#darien-census-demographics)

[4.3.3 Darien Fishing Demographics 207](#darien-fishing-demographics)

[4.4 Brunswick (31520, 31523, 31525 208](#brunswick-31520-31523-31525)

[4.4.1 Community Description 208](#community-description-34)

[4.4.2 Brunswick Census Demographics
209](#brunswick-census-demographics)

[4.4.3 Brunswick Fishing Demographics
211](#brunswick-fishing-demographics)

[4.5 St. Simons Island (31522) 213](#st.-simons-island-31522)

[4.5.1 Community Description 213](#community-description-35)

[4.5.2 St. Simons Island Census Demographics
214](#st.-simons-island-census-demographics)

[4.5.3 St. Simons Fishing Demographics
216](#st.-simons-fishing-demographics)

[4.6 St. Mary's (31558) 218](#st.-marys-31558)

[4.6.1 Community Description 218](#community-description-36)

[4.6.2 St. Mary's Census Demographics
219](#st.-marys-census-demographics)

[4.6.3 St. Marys' Fishing Demographics
222](#st.-marys-fishing-demographics)

[4.7 Georgia Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization
223](#georgia-fishing-infrastructure-and-community-characterization)

[5.0 Florida Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity
224](#florida-communities-with-substantial-fishing-activity)

[5.1 Fernandina Beach (32034) 227](#fernandina-beach-32034)

[5.1.1 Community Description 227](#community-description-37)

[5.1.2 Fernandina Beach Census Demographics
228](#fernandina-beach-census-demographics)

[5.1.3 Fernandina Beach Fishing Demographics
230](#fernandina-beach-fishing-demographics)

[5.2 Atlantic Beach (32233) 231](#atlantic-beach-32233)

[5.2.1 Community Description 232](#community-description-38)

[5.2.2 Atlantic Beach Census Demographics
232](#atlantic-beach-census-demographics-1)

[5.2.3 Atlantic Beach Fishing Demographics
235](#atlantic-beach-fishing-demographics-1)

[5.3 St. Augustine (32084, 32085, 32086, 32092)
236](#st.-augustine-32084-32085-32086-32092)

[5.3.1 Community Description 236](#community-description-39)

[5.3.2 St. Augustine Census Demographics
237](#st.-augustine-census-demographics)

[5.3.3 St. Augustine Fishing Demographics
240](#st.-augustine-fishing-demographics)

[5.4 Ponce Inlet (32127) 241](#ponce-inlet-32127)

[5.4.1 Community Description 241](#community-description-40)

[5.4.2 Ponce Inlet Census Demographics
242](#ponce-inlet-census-demographics)

[5.4.3 Ponce Inlet Fishing Demographics
245](#ponce-inlet-fishing-demographics)

[5.5 Merritt Island (32952, 32953) 246](#merritt-island-32952-32953)

[5.5.1 Community Description 246](#community-description-41)

[5.5.2 Merrit Island Census Demographics
247](#merrit-island-census-demographics)

[5.5.3 Merritt Island Fishing Demographics
249](#merritt-island-fishing-demographics)

[5.6 Cape Canaveral (32920) 250](#cape-canaveral-32920)

[5.6.1 Community Description 250](#community-description-42)

[5.6.2 Cape Canaveral Census Demographics
252](#cape-canaveral-census-demographics)

[5.6.3 Cape Canaveral Fishing Demographics
255](#cape-canaveral-fishing-demographics)

[5.7 Sebastian (32976, 32958) 256](#sebastian-32976-32958)

[5.7.1 Community Description 256](#community-description-43)

[5.7.2 Sebastian Census Demographics
257](#sebastian-census-demographics)

[5.7.3 Sebastian Fishing Demographics
260](#sebastian-fishing-demographics)

[5.8 Fort Pierce (34950) 261](#fort-pierce-34950)

[5.8.1 Community Description 261](#community-description-44)

[5.8.2 Fort Pierce Census Demographics
263](#fort-pierce-census-demographics)

[5.8.3 Fort Pierce Fishing Demographics
266](#fort-pierce-fishing-demographics)

[5.9 Jupiter (33458,33468,33469,33477,33478)
267](#jupiter-3345833468334693347733478)

[5.9.1 Community Description 267](#community-description-45)

[5.9.2 Jupiter Census Demographics 268](#jupiter-census-demographics)

[5.9.3 Jupiter Fishing Demographics 271](#jupiter-fishing-demographics)

[5.10 Palm Beach (33480) 272](#palm-beach-33480)

[5.10.1 Community Description 272](#community-description-46)

[5.10.2 Palm Beach Census Demographics
274](#palm-beach-census-demographics)

[5.10.3 Palm Beach Fishing Demographics
277](#palm-beach-fishing-demographics)

[5.11 Boca Raton (33487, 33431, 33486, 33496, 33432, 33434)
278](#boca-raton-33487-33431-33486-33496-33432-33434)

[5.11.1 Community Description 278](#community-description-47)

[5.11.2 Boca Raton Census Demographics
279](#boca-raton-census-demographics)

[5.11.3 Boca Raton Fishing Demographics
282](#boca-raton-fishing-demographics)

[5.12 Key Largo (33037) 283](#key-largo-33037)

[5.12.1 Community Description 283](#community-description-48)

[5.12.2 Key Largo Census Demographics
284](#key-largo-census-demographics)

[5.12.3 Key Largo Fishing Demographics
286](#key-largo-fishing-demographics)

[5.13 Islamorada (33070, 33036) 287](#islamorada-33070-33036)

[5.13.1 Community Description 287](#community-description-49)

[5.13.2 Islamorada Census Demographics
288](#islamorada-census-demographics)

[5.13.3 Islamorada Fishing Demographics
291](#islamorada-fishing-demographics)

[5.14 Marathon (33050) 292](#marathon-33050)

[5.14.1 Community Description 292](#community-description-50)

[5.14.2 Marathon Census Demographics 293](#marathon-census-demographics)

[5.14.3 Marathon Fishing Demographics
295](#marathon-fishing-demographics)

[5.15 Big Pine Key (33042, 33043) 296](#big-pine-key-33042-33043)

[5.15.1 Community Description 297](#community-description-51)

[5.15.2 Big Pine Key Census Demographics
297](#big-pine-key-census-demographics)

[5.15.3 Big Pine Key Fishing Demographics
300](#big-pine-key-fishing-demographics)

[5.16 Key West (33040, 33041, 33045) 301](#key-west-33040-33041-33045)

[5.16.1 Community Description 301](#community-description-52)

[5.16.2 Key West Census Demographics 303](#key-west-census-demographics)

[5.16.3 Key West Fishing Demographics
306](#key-west-fishing-demographics)

[5.17 Florida Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization
307](#florida-fishing-infrastructure-and-community-characterization)

[6.0 References 309](#references)

[Appendix 1 311](#appendix-1)

# 1.0 Introduction

This description of potential fishing communities for the U. S. South
Atlantic coast includes a compilation of various social indicators that
are relevant to fishing, fishermen and fishing communities. These
indicators provide baseline information from which assumptions about
social impacts might be made regarding future regulatory actions. A
number of data sources were used to assemble community profiles,
including: the U.S. Census Bureau Decennial census and zip code business
patterns; the federal permit system and state permit system. These
profiles were bolstered by field visits in many of these communities to
confirm the presence of fishing related activity and to interview key
informants about the interconnectedness of that activity to the larger
economy and culture of the community. This was accomplished using what
is called rapid assessment. While this methodology is no substitute for
the more in-depth ethnographic methods commonly used by anthropologists
in community studies, it was all that was possible under the budgetary
constraints of this research. In addition, these data were compiled into
a Geographic Information System (GIS) to facilitate data mapping and
amalgamation with other GIS data.

## Methodology for Defining Fishing Communities

Previous descriptions of fishing communities tied to particular
management actions have provided an indication of the difficulties in
defining community and a community's relation to fishing dependence
(Aguirre International, 1996; Impact Assessment, Inc., 1991; NPFMC,
1994; Johnson and Orbach, 1996). Griffith and Dyer (Aguirre
International, 1996) developed a typology of fishing community
dependence for the Northeast Multi-species Groundfish Fishery (MGF). In
that typology, the authors identified indicators of dependence which
included specific physical-cultural and general social-geographic
indicators, i.e., number of repair/supply facilities; number of fish
dealers/ processors; presence of religious art/architecture dedicated to
fishing; presence of secular art/architecture to fishing; number of MGF
permits; and the number of MGF vessels. Using previous results and rapid
appraisal they developed a fishery dependence index score for the five
primary ports in the MGF. As a result they were able to document five
variables that best predicted dependence upon the MGF: (1) relative
isolation or integration of fishers into alternative economic sectors,
including political participation; (2) vessel types within the port's
fishery; (3) degree of specialization; (4) percentage of population
involved in fishery or fishery-related industries; and (5) competition
and conflict within the port, between different components of the MGF
(Aguirre International, 1996).

McCay and Cieri (2000) recently compiled a social and economic profile
of the fishing ports and coastal counties of the Mid-Atlantic region. In
their study they used the a variety of sources for information: (1)
federal census and employment data, analyzed for the counties associated
with the commercial fisheries of each state; (2) NMFS weigh-out data on
1998 landings, by species, gear-type, and port, together with similar
data, by county, from the state of North Carolina; and (3) field visits
and interviews. Their approach was to identify fishing communities
recognized as "ports" by the port agents of the NMFS.

Detailed community profiles have been conducted in Alaska to understand
the impacts of harvest allocation on communities and on fisheries
(Impact Assessment, Inc., 1991; NPFMC, 1994). These profiles utilized
census data, permit data, and other available reports supplemented by
ethnographic data collection for each community. The profiles provided
baseline data to facilitate social impact assessment for license
limitation management of the ground fish and crab fisheries.

Johnson and Orbach (1996) combined several counties into management
areas, which reflected many sociological, ecological and environmental
differences; differences, which were reflected by the types of fishing
found in the various fishing communities. Although they did not attempt
to define dependence or specify specific fishing communities, they did
contend that management of fisheries would be enhanced if it were to
take into consideration the broader social and ecological realities of
fishermen's behavior.

More recent research to identify fishing communities has been undertaken
in both the Northeast and the Southeast. Hall-Arber et al. 2002 used
several approaches in assessing a community's dependence upon fishing.
One was a regional model of fishing-related employment compared to
alternative employment. Another focused on fishing structure complexity
and the degrees of individual communities' gentrification and the third
approach used community profiles with detailed port characteristics and
stakeholder views on community, way of life, institutions and fisheries
management. They conclude that a regional analysis reflects the
incorporation of a fishing component into economy of contemporary
coastal communities.

In their study of Florida fishing communities, Jacob et al. 2001 used a
protocol based on central place theory which combined federal and state
fishing permit data and census employment data aggregated at the Zip
code level to sort population centers and their surrounding hinterlands
into central places for the entire state of Florida. Zip code was used
for the basic unit of aggregation because it is a geographic identifier
for many forms of commercial and recreational fishing data, it is also a
relatively small unit of measure, and its boundaries form a service
delivery area. To account for the embedded nature of economic linkages
in fishing communities, regional economic multipliers for employment
were used to estimate the number of jobs that were directly and
indirectly related to fishing in each community. Based upon their
measure of dependency a small number of coastal communities were
determined to be dependent upon fishing. However, using such a
dependency measure is not without its drawbacks as concerns about the
undercounting of certain occupations within the census data and the
inability to satisfactorily measure the recreational sector in terms of
its contribution to the local economy are noted.

Because there has been little or no research to document fishing
communities in the South Atlantic, this description of communities will
use a modified approach similar to that used by Jacob et al. (2002).
Although a regional approach is sometimes warranted, it is apparent that
in their Florida research (Jacob et al., 2002) some fishing communities
became subsumed within the larger service sector economy of Florida's
coastal regions. That economy is fueled by the rapidly growing tourism
and recreation sectors. While it is true that most Floridians do
participate in an economy that extends beyond their community, it is
likely that the majority of their needs are met within the confines of
that place they consider their home or what we are referring to as a
community. It is improbable that the same boundary serves as community
for all individuals. Therefore we have to assume that based upon certain
criteria a pre-determined boundary will encompass an area that captures
a sense of community for most of those who live within that boundary.
Without extensive ethnographic research into social networks and sense
of place, it is impractical to assume that we know the exact boundary
around a fishing community. For that reason, in this description there
will be no definite boundary assumed, however the fishing community will
be understood to exist within a range of boundaries.

Data at the census designated place level (CDP) are used for describing
the demographic character of most communities. Where zip code level data
only are available (permits, NAIC employment figures), data are compiled
for the all zip codes associated with the area identified. A map, which
shows the zip code boundary for each CDP, is provided along with the
outline of the CDP.

One of the difficulties in using CDP data is that it has been shown that
fishermen will often live outside the boundaries of the CDP where their
vessel is home ported (Jacob et al. 2001). Data at the CDP level will
not always have a direct one to one correspondence with other data such
as the fisherman's home zip code or zip code business patterns for
fishing employment locations. Therefore data that correspond to one
level of place may not correspond to another. Consequently, it is
important to understand these differences when undertaking any
assessment of impacts to a community. Furthermore, it has been noted
that census data often underreport certain groups of people. Recent
research (Kitner, 2001) has identified coastal communities and fishing
communities as being part of those groups who may not be fully
represented by census data.

Because at this time there are no standard guidelines for delineating
the boundaries of a fishing community, this description will combine
data from different levels and concepts of place (zip code, homeport and
Census Designated Place). Each, in its own way, may represent some part
of a fishing community, but none will represent the community in its
entirety. Such boundaries cannot be determined without extensive
research, as mentioned before. The data presented here will highlight
the differences in the types of data used in determining the boundaries
of a community and any such impacts that might ensue.

## 1.2 Census Demographic and Employment Data Caveats

When using census data it is important that certain caveats be made
clear. As mentioned previously, census data has been notorious for
underreporting certain groups of people who difficult to locate and
therefore are often not reported in the census. Commercial fishermen are
part of that group as outlined in recent research by Kitner (2001). For
that reason, it must be assumed that census data as it relates to
fishing communities underreports employment and participation in work
related to commercial fishing. As was pointed out in earlier research
(Jacob et. al, 2001) any attempt at quantifying employment or income
from commercial or recreational fishing becomes problematic. Data may be
suppressed or grossly underreported and therefore any description will
miss important economic and social contributions of fishing related
businesses.

At the same time, census data is the only demographic data that can be
applied over large geographic areas and population ranges. It is easily
available and represents the most affordable alternative for describing
any community at this time. Although these data are suspect, it can only
be assumed that any underreporting is consistent across geographic area
and population range. Although this situation is not ideal, by combining
several different data from various sources, a general description of
community and the fishing activity associated with it may be attained.
Until more detailed ethnographic research that can examine the social
and economic networks that exist in fishing communities can be
undertaken, this general and often broad description of community will
have to suffice.

Census demographic data were collected for communities and appear under
each community description. Those data include the following variables
for each community: total population by age; educational attainment;
race; industry; occupation; average wage or salary; poverty status.
These data were collected for census years 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000.
Census data for the first three decades were compiled using the MARFIN
Socioeconomic Database created by the Louisiana Population Data Center.
The census data for the year 2000 were compiled from the U.S. Census
Bureau's Amercian Factfinder Webpage.[^1] In using data from the 2000
census there are several caveats that must be noted. The 2000 census was
the first year that individuals were allowed more than one choice when
deciding race. Therefore, when comparing the category race to the
previous three decades, the association will not be consistent. In order
to lessen misunderstanding for this description only those categories
where one race alone was chosen were used. In other words, those who
chose more than one race were not included. This will result in some
underreporting for the year 2000 in the tables presented.

Other significant changes in the 2000 census were made to the industry
and occupation categories. This was the first decennial census to use
the North American Industry Classification Code (NAIC) in replacement of
the Standard Industry Code (SIC). In the transition from SIC to the
NAIC, many industry and occupation categories were reclassified making
it difficult to compare any previous census and the most recent. For the
purposes of comparison here, certain industry categories were
reclassified and compiled to reflect the best representation of the
previous classification used in the preceding census (See Appendix 1).
This recoding was done after comparing certain industry classifications
which were moved into other categories with the switch to the NAIC from
SIC. While admittedly not perfect, this reclassification was necessary
to make comparisons of industry changes over time. The task of
reclassifying the occupation category was deemed too onerous and
therefore the only category reported for 2000 is the Farm, fish and
forestry category, which did not change and most likely contains the
majority of fishing related employment.

Employment data collected by the Census Bureau were also used at the zip
code level for the community descriptions. Again, it must be assumed for
reasons stated earlier that these data are likely to underreport actual
fishing employment. In addition, the category of fishing that is
reported in the economic census does not include those individuals who
report themselves as self-employed, of which most commercial fishermen
consider themselves to be. Therefore, employment figures again grossly
distort the actual employment from commercial and recreational fishing.
In addition, like Jacob et al. 2001, employment for the recreational
sector was difficult to quantify and the marinas sector is once again
used to provide some indication of community employment for the
recreational sector. It is recognized that this measure is inadequate
and is one component of a much larger employment sector.

At the end of each state's community profiles, two tables have been
provided to categorize both the attendant fishing infrastructure in
those communities, but to also begin a process of determining which of
the following communities might warrant further consideration as a
fishing community. The information provided in these tables is
considered highly subjective based upon the presence or absence of
certain criteria and an assessment of other information provided through
interviews or historical data. It is therefore suggested that any future
determination of fishing community status use these tables cautiously
and be judicious in attempting to incorporate any other information that
might be available to categorize any of the communities included in this
document. It must also be noted that during field research and as part
of the management process, other communities have been mentioned for
inclusion to be considered as fishing communities and therefore those
communities included in this document do not constitute an exhaustive
listing of potential fishing communities.

# 2.0 North Carolina Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity

![](media/image4.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

Fig. 2.1. North Carolina Potential Fishing Communities.

According to the National Marine Fisheries Service North Carolina has
landed close to 140 and 160 million pounds of seafood in 2001 and 2002
respectively. Two ports, Wanchese-Stumpy Point, and Beaufort-Morehead
City, both rank within the top 50 ports in terms of landings and value
for those same years. Since 1998, North Carolina has had a high of 535
vessels with federal permits, now down to 439 in 2001 (Table 2.1). Most
vessels with federal permits had either king or Spanish mackerel with
snapper grouper class 1 permits being the next most common.

**Table 2.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for North Carolina (Source:
NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             535        513        477        439

  Commercial King Mackerel            428        362        356        336

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         376        256        211        216

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            21         23         17         13

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        155        148        141        129
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        89         94         98         95
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             153        191        155        164

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             28         33         27         26

  Swordfish                           1          19         17         20

  Shark                               0          39         24         43

  Rock Shrimp                         46         39         35         37
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

There were over 9500 state licenses sold with capability of sale and
over 5500 reported sales in 2002 (Table 2.1). Although the overall
number of license sold has been increasing since 1994, the number of
licenses reporting sales has been decreasing and the number of licenses
without sales has been increasing.

> **Table 2.2. Number of licenses sold by the North Carolina Division
> each license year, the number of licenses with selling privileges that
> potentially can report catch on trip tickets by license year and the
> number of licenses actually used to report catches. Individuals may
> hold more than one license with selling privileges. (Source: NCDMF
> 2002)**

+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| **License** | **Number | **Number of        | **Number of licenses  |
|             | of       | licenses reporting | sold, but did not     |
| **Year**    | licenses | sales**            | report sales**        |
|             | sold\*** |                    |                       |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1994        | 6,781    | Not available      | Not available         |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1994/1995   | 7,535    | 6,710              | 825                   |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1995/1996   | 7,898    | 7,285              | 613                   |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1996/1997   | 8,173    | 6,700              | 1,473                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1997/1998   | 8,595    | 7,000              | 1,595                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1998/1999   | 8,426\*  | 6,515              | 1,911                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 1999/2000+  | 9,711    | 6,015              | 3,696                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 2000/2001\* | 9,677    | 6,057              | 3,620                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+
| 2001/2002\* | 9,712    | 5,509              | 4,203                 |
+-------------+----------+--------------------+-----------------------+

\*Licenses from 1994 to June 1999 are Endorsement to Sell licenses.
Licenses from 1999 to the present include number of SCFL, RSCFL,
Shellfish, Menhaden License for Non-Residents without SCFL, Recreational
Fishing Tournament License to Sell Fish, and Land or Sell licenses.
License year is July to June. Source: 1994-1997/98 license year sales
were derived from historical reports. 1998/99-2001/2002 from FIN license
sales reports.

\*1998/99 was a transition year and not all dBase licenses were migrated
to FIN. The numbers provided were from FIN.

\*1999/00 to 2001/02 include licenses sold that were subsequently
surrendered without a refund.

+1999/2000 license counts were stated as much higher in other documents.
This was due to the grace period when switching from ETS to SCFL. The
number above is correct.

The majority of license sales are for commercial fishing vessels, with
over 9400 permits or 46.9 percent in 2002 (Table 2.3). Standard
commercial fishing license is the next most frequent with 32.9 and
shellfish licenses third at 11.4 percent. There were 832 dealer licenses
sold for the year 2002 in North Carolina.

Table 2.3 Number of State Permit by Type for North Carolina (Source:
NCDMF 2002)

  -------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------
  **Type**                               **Permits**      **Percent**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration 9469             46.9

  Dealer License                         832              4.1

  Flounder License                       133              .7

  Land or Sell License                   59               .3

  Non-resident Menhaden License          10               .0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License             25               .1

  Spotter Plane License                  11               .1

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing    676              3.3
  License                                                 

  Standard Commercial Fishing License    6632             32.9

  Shellfish License                      2302             11.4

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to     31               .2
  Sell License                                            

  Total                                  20180            100.0
  -------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------

There has been considerable research conducted with North Carolina
fishermen and their communities over time. Johnson and Orbach's research
(1996) combined several counties into management areas which reflected
many sociological, ecological and environmental differences. Those
differences were related to the different types of fishing found in the
various communities. Although they did not attempt to specify specific
fishing communities, they did contend that management of fisheries would
be enhanced if it were to take into consideration the broader social and
ecological realities of fishermen's behavior. Griffith (1999) has
written extensively about North Carolina fishermen and their communities
and Garrity-Blake (1994) has also provided an in-depth look at the
menhaden fishery. Numerous journal articles and gray papers have also
contributed to an understanding of North Carolina and its fisheries. But
to date there has been no systematic attempt to identify fishing
communities and begin baseline data collection. The communities describe
here were selected from a list of fishing communities identified by
various advisory panel members who are knowledgeable about North
Carolina fisheries and their communities. The list was modified after
conducting rapid assessment in some of those communities. These
descriptions are not a definitive list of fishing communities in North
Carolina, but represent the first phase of assembling both the data and
descriptions to begin identifying those communities which may indeed be
classified as "fishing community."

A map for each community is provided which displays federal dealers and
a symbol indicating the number of federal permits by zipcode. The
zipcode area name is displayed in light blue while the CDP name is in
black. The symbol for permits is centered within the zipcode area and
does not represent the precise location of any permit holder. Dealer
permits are displayed near their physical location.

![](media/image5.png){width="6.49375in" height="8.403472222222222in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc134508791 .anchor}**2.1 Varnamtown (28462)**

![](media/image6.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.1.1 Community Description

#### 2.1.1.1 Varnamtown

Varnamtown has seen a slight population increase from 1990 to 2000. The
majority of housing is owner occupied (Table 2.1.2.2) and residence is
fairly stable with most living in the same house within the last five
years for both the 1990 and 2000 census (Table 2.1.2.3). Just over fifty
percent of the population is in the labor force for the last two
decennial censuses, but the percent unemployed has declined from 8.2
percent in 1990 to 5.1 percent in 2000. The population is almost
entirely White with a few Latinos according to Table 2.1.2.5. The
poverty rate has declined from 17.2 percent in 1990 to 11.2 percent in
2000. Employment in the retail and wholesale industry leads with
construction and transportation next. There has been a slight decline in
both the categories of Agriculture, Fishing and Mining (Table 2.1.2.8)
and Farm, Fish, Forest (Table 2.1.2.9) from 1990 to 2000.

Varnamtown is supposedly the fishing hub for this region, although as
evidenced by the above map and Tables 2.1.3.1 and 2.1.3.2, many
fishermen list Supply as their residence for some reason, which may be
where the post office is located. A sign at the town entrance
prominently displays a shrimp trawler welcoming you to the community.
Varnamtown is relatively rural and surrounded by farmland. There are at
least five fish houses and a marina which services non-commercial boats.
One of the fish houses does have charter operations and a jet-ski
business that operate under the same roof.

One fish house owner commented that they struggle with their seafood
business because shrimpers are having difficulty making ends meet. Most
fishermen who dock and sell at local fish houses live near the town
itself. A large percentage of locals make some kind of a living off the
water -- harvesting fish, clams, or oysters according to those
interviewed. Some fish year-round, but many have other jobs such as
carpentry and work on dredge boats. Development has changed the
community; outsiders are a more common sight now, according to one
individual, whereas in the past it was primarily locals living in the
community. [^2]

#### 2.1.1.2 Sunset Beach / Seaside

Sunset Beach is really two communities -- one on the creek side and the
other the ocean side. The creek side with its strip malls and mobile
homes is where the locals live year-round. It appears to be much more
working-class than its ocean side counterpart. The beach side is
developed with expensive homes, gift shops, and beach wear stores. On
the creek side and a little more inland is the town of Seaside, where
there is some fishing. There is the Pelican Point Marina in nearby
Shallotte; it is primarily a recreational marina and has no commercial
boats. There is a seafood restaurant where some small trawlers dock and
a steel and aluminum welding shop that caters to the fishing population.

#### 2.1.1.3 Holden Beach, North Carolina

Developed much like Sunset Beach, Holden Beach has one marina but no
charter operations. It is tourist centered, with beach wear marts and a
couple seafood restaurants.

#### 2.1.1.4 Supply, North Carolina

Supply is an unincorporated area, yet the zip code area in the above map
is named after this small community. Viewing the permit tables and the
zip code related employment table it is obvious there is considerable
fishing activity within the zip code area that does not appear in
federal permit tables (Table 2.1.3.1) nor the state permit table (Table
2.1.3.3) for Varnamtown. Supply has over 600 licenses issued in 2002
with 167 shell fishing licenses and over 130 standard commercial fishing
licenses. There are 22 dealers licensed in Supply and over 260
commercial vessels according to Table 2.1.3.4.

### 2.1.2 Varnamtown Census Demographics

#### 2.1.2.1 Population

Table 2.1.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Varnamtown,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .          434        492

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .          24         37

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .          50         45

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .          21         11

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .          61         30

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .          44         59

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .          60         80

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .          57         57

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .          59         93

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .          58         80
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.1.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.1.2.2. Housing Tenure for Varnamtown, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      15.1       14.2

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      84.9       85.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.1.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.1.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Varnamtown, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      72         67

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      296        333
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.1.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Varnamtown, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              51.4       52.9

  Percent unemployed                                  8.2        5.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.1.2.5 Race

Table 2.1.2.5. Race for Varnamtown, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .          0          0

  Latino Black Persons              .          .          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          .          0          3

  White Persons                     .          .          432        475

  Latino White Persons              .          .          0          2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.1.2.6* Education

Table 2.1.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Varnamtown, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .          68         46

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .          59         48

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .          90         126

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .          43         74

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .          11         71

  Drop outs                         .          .          10         4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.1.2.7* Income and Poverty

Table 2.1.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Varnamtown, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          .          \$26590    \$33750
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .          75         55

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .          24         14

  Households with Public Assistance .          .          19         4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.1.2.8* Industry

Table 2.1.2.8. Employment by Industry for Varnamtown, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .          16         15

  Construction                      .          .          37         40

  Business Services                 .          .          21         6

  Communication/Utilities           .          .          0          10

  Manufacturing                     .          .          8          1

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .          4          9
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .          2          76

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .          55         42

  Transportation                    .          .          42         2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.1.2.9* Occupation

Table 2.1.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Varnamtown, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          .          35              \-

  Clerical                          .          .          12              \-

  Craft                             .          .          23              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          .          10              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          .          18              15

  Household Services                .          .          4               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          .          10              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          .          12              \-

  Service, except Household         .          .          20              \-

  Technical                         .          .          0               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.1.3 Varnamtown Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.1.3.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Varnamtown, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          1          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.1.3.2 Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Varnamtown,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           16

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           36

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           8

  Marinas                        713930           8

  Total Fishing Employment                        52
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 2.1.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Varnamtown,**, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          0

  Dealer License                                  0

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     0

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             0

  Shellfish License                               0

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           0
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

**Table 2.1.3.4. Number of State Permit by Type for Supply,** North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          264

  Dealer License                                  22

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     21

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             131

  Shellfish License                               167

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           605
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.2 Southport/ Bald Head Island (28461)

![](media/image7.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.2.1 Community Description

#### 2.2.1.1 Southport

Southport is a quaint fishing community located at the mouth of the Cape
Fear River, originally incorporated in 1792; this community caters to
both tourists and locals. The downtown marina has restaurants, gift
shops and several inns. There are at least three marinas in the area,
with several seafood restaurants nearby. There is a dredging company and
a nearby boat yard and a welding company that provide marine repairs.
The North Carolina State Ports Authority has a small boat harbor located
here and the NC Maritime Museum has a branch in Southport.

There are several recreational fishing tournaments held in Southport
including the US Open King Mackerel Fishing Tournament held in October
which attracts more than 500 boats annually. Other tournaments include
the Lady Anglers King Mackerel Tournament in August and the Wildlife
Bait and Tackle Flounder Tournament held in September.

Southport has some seafood employment with most in seafood processing
and fish and seafoods as shown in Table 2.2.4.3. There are over 200
state permits with the majority being commercial vessel registrations
and the next being standard commercial fishing licenses at 76. There
were 14 dealer permits listed also.

Southport has seen a decrease in its population since 1980 from 2835 to
2386 in 2000. Approximately 70 percent of the housing was owner occupied
in 1990 and 2000 and a large majority of the population has remained
stable, living in the same home as five years before for both censuses.
The percentage of people in the work force has increased while the
percentage of unemployed has dropped according to Table 2.2.3.4. The
majority of the population is White (76%) with 22% Black and less than
2% Latino. The poverty rate in 2000 was 12.5 percent which is up from 10
percent in 1980. There has been a decline in both the Agriculture,
Fishing and Mining industry category and the Farm, Fish, and Forestry
occupation category since 1990 (Table 2.2.3.8 and 2.2.3.9).

#### 2.2.1.2 Bald Head Island, 

Bald Head Island is an exclusive community with a private ferry operated
by the island. Many Southport residents work on the island or for the
ferry system. There are a few restaurants, an inn, and gift shops
located around a marina on the island. The marina is a full service
marina with electrical service which will accommodate vessels up to 90
feet in length. There is a charter fishing operation at the marina, but
no commercial vessels dock there. People do fish from shore and there is
the annual fishing rodeo in May.

The population on Bald Head Island has doubled since 1990 to 165
persons. Housing tenure has shifted somewhat with the percent renter
occupied growing from 8.3 percent in 1990 to 37.9 percent in 2000 (Table
2.2.2.2). Residence is beginning to show some stability with the
percentage of people living in the same house as five years ago in 2000
more than in 1990 according to Table 2.2.2.3. A greater percentage of
people are now in the labor force and unemployment has risen also as
shown in Table 2.2.2.4. The population is predominately White according
to Table 2.2.2.5, but there has been a recent increase in the category
for Blacks although relatively slight in terms of overall population.
According to Table 2.2.2.7 the average wage or salary has dropped
considerably since 1990 and the number of persons in poverty has also
risen. These dramatic changes reflect the total persons identified in
the census for this island which has a relatively small population.

### 2.2.2 Bald Head Census Demographics

#### 2.2.2.1 Population

Table 2.2.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Bald Head
Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .          78         165

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .          6          9

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .          0          6

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .          0          0

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .          0          0

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .          4          20

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .          8          5

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .          19         40

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .          22         65

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .          19         20
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.2.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.1.2.2. Housing Tenure for Bald Head Island, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      8.3        37.9

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      91.7       62.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.2.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Bald Head Island, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      12         6

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      6          56
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.2.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Bald Head Island, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              48.6       56.7

  Percent unemployed                                  0.0        5.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.2.5 Race

Table 2.2.2.5. Race for Bald Head Island, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .          0          5

  Latino Black Persons              .          .          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          .          0          0

  White Persons                     .          .          78         165

  Latino White Persons              .          .          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.2.2.6* Education

Table 2.2.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Bald Head Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .          0          0

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .          0          0

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .          6          10

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .          15         28

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .          47         112

  Drop outs                         .          .          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.2.2.7* Income and Poverty

Table 2.2.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Bald Head Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          .          108616     62083
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .          4          17

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .          0          0

  Households with Public Assistance .          .          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.2.2.8* Industry

Table 2.2.2.8. Employment by Industry for Bald Head Island, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .          0          0

  Construction                      .          .          0          5

  Business Services                 .          .          0          19

  Communication/Utilities           .          .          0          1

  Manufacturing                     .          .          4          3

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .          2          24
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .          17         4

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .          6          11

  Transportation                    .          .          0          2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.2.2.9* Occupation

Table 2.2.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Bald Head Island, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                     **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                              .          .          9               \-

  Clerical                           .          .          0               \-

  Craft                              .          .          0               \-

  Exec/Managerial                    .          .          14              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                   .          .          0               0

  Household Services                 .          .          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                    .          .          0               \-

  Operative/Transport                .          .          0               \-

  Service, except Household          .          .          2               \-

  Technical                          .          .          0               \-
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.2.3 Southport Census Demographics

#### 2.2.3.1 Population

Table 2.2.3.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Southport,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age Category** **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Total Persons                      .          2835       2359       2386

  Persons Age 0-5                    .          125        89         156

  Persons Age 6-15                   .          133        113        277

  Persons Age 16-17                  .          514        297        46

  Persons Age 18-24                  .          96         67         107

  Persons Age 25-34                  .          216        162        212

  Persons Age 35-44                  .          385        298        309

  Persons Age 45-54                  .          343        322        375

  Persons Age 55-64                  .          302        236        325

  Persons Age 65+                    .          304        279        579
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.2.3.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.2.3.2. Housing Tenure for Southport, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      29.9       31.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      70.1       68.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.3.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.2.3.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Southport, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      238        182

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1388       1331
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.3.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.2.3.4 Employment and Unemployment for Southport, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              48.7       56.3

  Percent unemployed                                  8.9        5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.2.3.5 Race

Table 2.2.3.5. Race for Southport, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          785        622        512

  Latino Black Persons              .          19         0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          51         8          34

  White Persons                     .          2044       1737       1777

  Latino White Persons              .          32         8          24
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### *2.2.3.6* Education

Table 2.2.3.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Southport, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          275        192        73

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          365        220        195

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          534        476        407

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          363        331        489

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          301        340        622

  Drop outs                         .          7          0          14
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.2.3.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.2.3.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Southport, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$16282    \$28062    \$33714
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          283        281        298

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          44         108        75

  Households with Public Assistance .          138        90         36
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.2.3.8 Industry

Table 2.2.3.8. Employment by Industry for Southport, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          0          16         5

  Construction                      .          89         4          97

  Business Services                 .          37         31         75

  Communication/Utilities           .          137        126        64

  Manufacturing                     .          67         54         49

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          0          36         80
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          49         65         429

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          196        307        159

  Transportation                    .          186        157        37
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.2.3.9 Occupation

Table 2.2.3.9. Employment by Occupation for Southport, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          64         128              \-

  Clerical                          .          1680       120              \-

  Craft                             .          170        47               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          100        104              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          0          22               2

  Household Services                .          21         9                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          54         39               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          27         35               \-

  Service, except Household         .          174        144              \-

  Technical                         .          38         54               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.2.4 Southport/Bald Head Island Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.2.4.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Southport, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             42         40         34         35

  Commercial King Mackerel            35         23         26         25

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         34         18         14         15

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            4          5          2          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        8          6          7          5
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        5          4          6          6
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             20         25         18         18

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          3          2          2

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          2          1          1

  Rock Shrimp                         2          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     4          3          3          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.2.4.2. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Bald Head Island,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          2          2          2

  Commercial King Mackerel            2          2          2          2

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        2          2          2          2
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          2          2          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.2.4.3. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for
Southport/Bald Head Island, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns,
U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           16

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           12

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           12

  Total Fishing Employment                        28
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.2.4.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Southport, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          103

  Dealer License                                  14

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     12

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             76

  Shellfish License                               7

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           213
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

Table 2.2.4.4. Number of State Permit by Type for Bald Head Island,
North Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          3

  Dealer License                                  0

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     0

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             2

  Shellfish License                               0

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           6
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.3 Carolina Beach (28428)

![](media/image8.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.3.1 Community Description

#### 2.3.1.1 Carolina Beach

Carolina Beach is situated along what is referred to as the Crystal
Coast and has a storied history from Colonial times to the Civil War.
Close to Wrightsville Beach, this community is not nearly as crowded or
developed, but is still a major tourist destination that relies heavily
on the charter boat industry. The municipal marina is where the charter
and head boats are docked. Three head boats and three party/cruise boats
and approximately 22 charters utilize the municipal marina. There are
several bait & tackle shops nearby and there remains one commercial fish
house in the community; out of at least five in the past. Five
commercial vessels dock at the municipal marina. There are about eight
seafood restaurants in the community and most of the hotels are
independently owned rather than national chains. The area hosts three
fishing tournaments each year: the Atlantic Anglers' Spring Classic Surf
Fishing Tournament in May, the East Coast Got-Em-On-Live-Bait Classic
King Mackerel Tournament by the in July, and the Carolina Beach Surf
Fishing Tournament in October. The community also hosts an annual Fall
Seafood, Blues and Jazz festival.[^3]

Carolina Beach's population has grown steadily since 1980 to over 4700
people in 2000. Housing tenure has grown in the area of owner occupied
since 1990 and more people seem to be living in the same house as they
did five years ago. The number of persons in the labor force has not
changed much while unemployment has dropped from 1990 to 2000 (Table
2.3.2.4). Racial percentages for the population have remained relatively
stable with a predominantly White population according to Table 2.3.2.5.

Carolina Beach has over twenty vessels with federal permits and by far
the majority of those vessels hold charter permits for both snapper
grouper and coastal pelagics (Table 2.3.3.1). Most of the employment for
the zip code area is in fish and seafood (Table 2.3.3.2) while the
majority of the 184 state permits are for commercial fishing vessels at
84 (Table 2.3.3.3). There are another 57 standard commercial fishing
licenses and 22 shellfish licenses in Carolina Beach.

### 2.3.2 Carolina Beach Census Demographics

#### 2.3.2.1 Population

Table 2.3.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Carolina
Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          1992       3631       4729

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          102        231        210

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          268        381        402

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          77         51         66

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          230        357        317

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          314        593        660

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          225        646        778

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          254        504        943

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          216        404        771

  Persons Age 65+                   .          292        464        582
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.3.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.3.2.2. Housing Tenure for Carolina Beach, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      50.4       32.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      49.6       67.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.3.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.3.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Carolina Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      874        593

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1115       2164
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.3.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.3.2.4. Employment and Unemployment for Carolina Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              65.8       68.0

  Percent unemployed                                  8.2        3.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.3.2.5 Race

Table 2.3.2.5. Race for Carolina Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          11         31         56

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          26         16         36

  White Persons                     .          1969       3574       4536

  Latino White Persons              .          24         16         21
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.3.2.6 Education

Table 2.3.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Carolina Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          183        104        38

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          299        355        355

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          445        782        1175

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          258        693        1000

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          116        492        1157

  Drop outs                         .          30         31         9
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.3.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.3.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Carolina Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$14147    \$28055    \$37662
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          202        520        439

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          26         33         0

  Households with Public Assistance .          51         61         36
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.3.2.8 Industry

Table 2.3.2.8. Employment by Industry for Carolina Beach, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          17         80         19

  Construction                      .          80         202        419

  Business Services                 .          38         103        219

  Communication/Utilities           .          36         51         61

  Manufacturing                     .          120        174        138

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          44         92         126
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          41         156        1127

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          167        575        483

  Transportation                    .          227        462        78
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.3.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.3.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Carolina Beach, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          111        191              \-

  Clerical                          .          1180       199              \-

  Craft                             .          162        265              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          81         245              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          29         92               9

  Household Services                .          0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          32         81               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          55         46               \-

  Service, except Household         .          142        253              \-

  Technical                         .          13         93               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.3.3 Carolina Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.3.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Carolina Beach,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             23         25         23         26

  Commercial King Mackerel            19         20         21         23

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         13         9          9          9

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            3          2          1          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        16         18         17         21
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        14         18         17         19
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             7          9          9          9

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          2          2          2

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          3          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.3.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Carolina
Beach, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           36

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           4

  Total Fishing Employment                        44
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.3.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Carolina Beach, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          84

  Dealer License                                  13

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      1

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     6

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             57

  Shellfish License                               22

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           184
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.4 Wilmington (28401,28403, 28405, 28411, 28412)

![](media/image9.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.4.1 Community Description

#### 2.4.1.1 Wilmington

Wilmington was previously known as New Liverpool, New Town and Newton,
and founded by a group of Englishmen, many of whom were maritime
businessmen. Located on the Cape Fear River, the town became an
important port, but growth was originally slow following the
Revolutionary War because of a lack of decent roads and the long
distance of the port from the mouth of the river. However, in the
mid-1800s, the port began to develop into a center for exports with
rice, peanuts, flax, cotton, and naval stores being shipped all over the
world. With the advent of the Civil War the export trade in Wilmington
halted, but the town gained prominence however as "the lifeline of the
Confederacy," involving itself in the blockade running/profiteering
business. After the war, cotton exports were still an important
commodity shipped from the port, but World War II brought a shift in the
economy with more of an emphasis upon ship building. Today, Wilmington
continues to be an important port with the State's Port Authority
located there. [^4]

The total number of persons living in Wilmington has grown steadily
since the 1970s according to Table 2.4.2.1. Housing tenure has not
changed much with an almost even split between owner and renter occupied
housing. Residence has changed to some degree with more people living in
a different house outside the county, so the new migration from outside
the county and state must be taking place. The percentage of people in
the labor force has not changed much but unemployment has risen since
1990 from 3.8 to 8.6 in the year 2000. The population is still
predominantly white, yet there is a substantial Black population that
has historically been there. The poverty rate has dropped since 1970
when it was 25.2, but still remains at 18.8 percent for the year 2000
(Table 2.4.2.7). As with most communities there has been a substantial
drop in the number of those persons employed in the agriculture, fishing
and mining category of industry as well as the category of farm, fish
and forestry under occupation for Wilmington (Tables 2.4.2.8 and
2.4.2.9).

Wilmington has had between 30 to 40 vessels with federal permits since
1998 and most of those have had permits to fish coastal pelagics and
snapper grouper (Table 2.4.3.1). There is considerable employment in the
realm of fish and seafood and seafood markets, but the majority is in
marinas and some also in boat building as reported in Table 2.4.3.2.
There were over 1000 state permits issued for Wilmington with the
majority of those issued for commercial vessels. There were almost 300
standard commercial fishing licenses and 152 shellfish licenses sold for
Wilmington residents. Over 50 dealer licenses were issued as were 6
recreational fishing tournaments to sell licenses (Table 2.4.3.3).

### 2.4.2 Wilmington Census Demographics

#### 2.4.2.1 Population

Table 2.4.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Wilmington,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     46169      44000      55530      75542

  Persons Age 0-5                   3858       2805       4157       4838

  Persons Age 6-15                  8874       6453       6530       7491

  Persons Age 16-17                 1904       1411       1453       1394

  Persons Age 18-24                 5496       6816       8393       12985

  Persons Age 25-34                 5203       6856       9064       38669

  Persons Age 35-44                 4568       3865       7364       75048

  Persons Age 45-54                 5679       3966       4901       8952

  Persons Age 55-64                 5120       4996       4856       6546

  Persons Age 65+                   4681       6237       8812       11704
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.4.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.4.2.2. Housing Tenure for Wilmington, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      52.9       51.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      47.1       48.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.4.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.4.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Wilmington, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      13901      3785

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      23715      26649
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.4.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.4.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Wilmington, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              61.9       63.7

  Percent unemployed                                  3.8        8.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.4.2.5 Race

Table 2.4.2.5.. Race for Wilmington, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     15823      17357      18785      19342

  Latino Black Persons              58         208        48         145

  Latino Persons                    115        385        393        1991

  White Persons                     30165      26425      36130      52227

  Latino White Persons              57         168        234        831
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.4.2.6 Education

Table 2.4.2.6.. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Wilmington, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        7870       5795       3421       2053

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       5786       5303       6010       5880

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 6544       6864       9402       11303

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     2655       3763       6625       10670

  25+ w/ College Degree             2396       4195       7258       18570

  Drop outs                         1121       472        347        358
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.4.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.4.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Wilmington, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$7151     \$15057    \$26529    \$31099
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       11643      10393      11780      14196

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       1574       1584       1439       0

  Households with Public Assistance 957        2166       2466       201
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.4.2.8 Industry

Table 2.4.2.8. Employment by Industry for Wilmington, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      202        185        275        99

  Construction                      1234       1091       1935       88

  Business Services                 492        556        1177       11

  Communication/Utilities           554        596        651        3193

  Manufacturing                     4753       3458       3722       2839

  Financial, Insurance & Real       1849       1676       1506       847
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          710        777        1252       5209

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            5093       3377       9061       1410

  Transportation                    3663       3953       7009       1079
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.4.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.4.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Wilmington, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             1136       1949       3774              \-

  Clerical                          2609       23170      3294              \-

  Craft                             2681       1894       2794              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   1729       1613       2618              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  60         213        262               79

  Household Services                855        385        303               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   1065       937        1032              \-

  Operative/Transport               2753       1803       1868              \-

  Service, except Household         2924       3484       4700              \-

  Technical                         248        420        835               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 2.4.3 Wilmington Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.4.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Wilmington, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             37         40         36         31

  Commercial King Mackerel            34         33         29         28

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         29         22         11         10

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            2          2          1          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        4          5          6          2
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        4          4          5          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             17         21         16         16

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             3          4          4          2

  Swordfish                           0          1          1          1

  Shark                               0          2          1          2

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          0          2          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.4.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Wilmington,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           12

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           42

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           24

  Marinas                        713930           64

  Total Fishing Employment                        142
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.4.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Wilmington, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          515

  Dealer License                                  53

  Flounder License                                1

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     44

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             298

  Shellfish License                               152

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 6

  Total                                           1069
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  2.5 Wrightsville Beach (28480)

![](media/image10.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.5.1 Community Description

#### 2.5.1.1 Wrightsville Beach

The town of Wrightsville Beach occupies one of the barrier islands along
North Carolina's southeastern coast. Today, the island is 1,000 to 5,000
feet in width and stretches almost four miles from Masonboro Inlet on
the south to Mason Inlet on the north. Originally the island was called
New Hanover Banks, a sandy barrier island cut by the shallow Moor's
Inlet. The northern part of the island was called Shell Island.
Development of the island was slow due to the distance and lack of
transportation other than boats. The island was once owned by the State
of North Carolina until it was transferred into private hands in three
separate grants between 1791 and 1881. One of the families who owned
land was the Wright family, for which the island is named. For a century
following, there were no residents on the island. However, hunters and
fishermen were drawn to the area for the Spanish Mackerel and Blue Fish.
Sailing also became popular around the area and frequent races led to
the establishment of the Carolina Yacht Club in 1853. Members of the
Carolina Yacht Club erected a clubhouse, which was the first structure
built on what would be called Wrightsville Beach. The Club is recognized
as the third oldest yacht club in the United States.

A turnpike was completed in 1887, which connected Wilmington to
Wrightsville Sound, and increased development and growth on the island.
Also the Wilmington Seacoast Railroad Company extended its track from
Wilmington to the island. More yacht clubs were established, along with
beach cottages, hotels and local stores, leading the area to become a
popular summer vacation spot. On March 6, 1889, the town of Wrightsville
Beach was incorporated. A public pavilion was created in 1905 on the end
of the rail line. This pavilion included a bowling alley, shooting
gallery, movie theatre and snack bar. In 1935, a large two-lane bridge
across the Intracoastal Waterway to Harbor Island, then over Bank's
Channel to Wrightsville Beach. A population of about 110 year-round
residents in 1930 grew to about 1500 in 1945. [^5]

There has been a slight decline in the total population for Wrightsville
Beach since 1980. Housing tenure has remained approximately the same
with a slight increase in the number of owner occupied housing. There
seems to be increased stability residence with more people living in the
same house in 2000 than there were in 1990 in terms of percentage. The
percentage of individuals in the labor force has remained about the same
with a slight decrease and unemployment is relatively unchanged at 2.0
percent since 1990. The majority of the population remains White with
slight increases in the number of Latinos and Blacks. Average wage or
salary saw a significant increase from 1980 to 1990 but a much smaller
increase in 2000. The poverty rate has remained around 9.0 percent
throughout the last three decades.

There has been a steady decrease in the number of vessels with federal
permits from Wrightsville Beach with only 14 in 2001 and most of those
permits have been for coastal pelagics (Table 2.5.3.1). There are 5
federal dealers in the community and most of the fishing related
employment has been in the marina sector according to Table 2.5.3.2.
There were 12 commercial vessels registered with the state and two
dealers (Table 2.5.3.3).

### 2.5.2 Wrightsville Beach Census Demographics

#### 2.5.2.1 Population

Table 2.5.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for
Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2884       2797       2719

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          64         75         84

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          170        165        121

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          56         37         34

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          630        465        421

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          625        650        595

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          405        456        314

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          321        349        474

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          307        241        258

  Persons Age 65+                   .          291        359        418
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.5.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.5.2.2. Housing Tenure for Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      47.9       44.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      52.1       55.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.5.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.5.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Wrightsville Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      692        392

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      998        1176
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.5.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.5.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Wrightsville Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              71.9       65.6

  Percent unemployed                                  2.9        2.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.5.2.5 Race

Table 2.5.2.5. Race for Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          9          7

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          9          17

  White Persons                     .          2853       2788       2532

  Latino White Persons              .          0          9          12
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.5.2.6 Education

Table 2.5.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          95         23         15

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          126        68         10

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          399        327        277

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          553        462        378

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          776        1001       1379

  Drop outs                         .          0          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.5.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.5.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$22649    \$54474    \$55903
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          275        276        255

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          0          0          9

  Households with Public Assistance .          22         18         14
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.5.2.8 Industry

Table 2.5.2.8. Employment by Industry for Wrightsville Beach, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          17         29         0

  Construction                      .          55         171        151

  Business Services                 .          39         54         202

  Communication/Utilities           .          98         92         59

  Manufacturing                     .          184        197        65

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          81         79         174
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          123        119        640

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          242        558        347

  Transportation                    .          570        540        31
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.5.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.5.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Wrightsville Beach, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          301        404              \-

  Clerical                          .          1890       177              \-

  Craft                             .          139        89               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          293        351              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          16         0                0

  Household Services                .          5          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          17         54               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          29         42               \-

  Service, except Household         .          305        191              \-

  Technical                         .          60         80               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.5.3 Wrightsville Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.5.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Wrightsville
Beach, North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             31         25         22         14

  Commercial King Mackerel            29         19         19         14

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         24         13         13         5

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            2          1          1          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        5          4          5          3
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        3          2          2          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             8          8          7          7

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          2          1          0

  Swordfish                           0          1          0          0

  Shark                               0          2          1          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     2          2          5          5
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.5.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Wrightsville
Beach, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           4

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           8

  Marinas                        713930           32

  Total Fishing Employment                        44
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.5.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Wrightsville Beach,
North Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          12

  Dealer License                                  2

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     2

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             10

  Shellfish License                               0

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           26
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  

## 2.6 Surf City/Topsail Beach (28445) & Hampstead (28443)

![](media/image11.png){width="6.247916666666667in"
height="4.819444444444445in"}

### 2.6.1 Community Description

Surf City is located in Pender County and had at one time as many as
seven long fishing piers. But, like Atlantic Beach and other places,
hurricanes reduced that number to two. Fishing is still important but
does not contribute as much to the economy as it once used to according
to several key informants. There are still a few trawlers that dock
here, but they are very small, inlet only trawlers. Most fishermen do
not live on the island or in town, but live more inland in places like
Hampstead and Holly Ridge. Several respondents commented that it is too
expensive for anyone but "northerners" and tourists to live around the
beach. Another factor that makes it hard to fish this area is because
they are in the middle of the island, and it takes a long time to get
out to the sound. It is 13 miles to the inlet from the inter-coastal
waterway that they are on.

There is only one fish market in the town today. According to one
informant around 1940 to 1960 this place was a "fisherman's paradise"
and there was so much business that the one fish house was open 24 hours
a day. With the influx of outsiders, property values have increased
making it difficult for fishermen to survive in this area. There are few
commercial fishermen and few vessels in the area today that call this
community home. Where it once was a commercial fishing village, it has
now become more of a tourist/recreational community according to
some.[^6]

Hampstead is changing from a small fishing village into one of the
fastest growing areas in North Carolina. Fishing is still a major piece
of the area's identity. There are two wholesale-only fresh fish dealers
in the town. One donates approximately 5,000 pounds of fish to the
yearly seafood festival which is held in October. The annual Spot
Festival celebrates fishing and the fish for which it is named.[^7].

Of the three communities listed, Topsail Beach is the only recognized
Census Designated Place and therefore is the only one with census
demographics reported. The population has seen a steady increase but
remains relatively small with only 404 in the 2000 census. Housing
tenure has remained relatively the same with three quarters of the
housing owner occupied (Table 2.6.2.2). Residence has changed little
with slightly more people living in the same house as they did five
years ago. The percentage of people in the labor force has also remained
the same, as has the unemployment rate, which is very low at 0.5 percent
(Table 2.6.2.4). The population is almost entirely White with a few
Latinos appearing in the 2000 census as shown in Table 2.6.3.5.

While Topsail Beach shows few federal or state permits (Tables 2.6.3.3
and 2.6.3.6), Hampstead does have more permits listed. Most federal
permits that list Hampstead as homeport are either for coastal pelagics
or snapper grouper (Table 2.6.3.1). The majority of fishing related
employment listed for Hampstead is in fish and seafood while both
Topsail and Hampstead each show relatively little employment in fishing
(Tables 2.6.3.2 and 2.6.3.4). Hampstead does have over 400 state permits
issued with 212 being for commercial vessels and another 112 being
standard commercial fishing licenses. There were 74 shellfish licenses
issued and 23 dealers in the area (Table 2.6.3.5).

### 2.6.2 Topsail Beach Census Demographics

#### 2.6.2.1 Population

Table 2.6.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Topsail
Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          270        362        404

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          11         4          4

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          27         23         11

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          5          7          11

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          15         21         18

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          30         35         57

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          32         58         26

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          25         75         69

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          76         56         97

  Persons Age 65+                   .          49         83         111
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.6.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.6.2.2. Housing Tenure for Topsail Beach, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      26.0       25.6

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      74.0       74.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.6.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.6.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Topsail Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      33         15

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      150        208
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.6.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.6.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Topsail Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              56.8       53.7

  Percent unemployed                                  0.0        0.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.6.2.5 Race

Table 2.6.2.5. Race for Topsail Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          1          0

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          2

  White Persons                     .          268        358        467

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          1
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.6.2.6 Education

Table 2.6.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Topsail Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          10         1          2

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          30         30         34

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          78         46         59

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          42         85         103

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          52         123        162

  Drop outs                         .          0          4          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.6.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.6.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Topsail Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$12739    \$39762    \$55750
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          40         17         27

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          5          0          0

  Households with Public Assistance .          2          0          6
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.6.2.8 Industry

Table 2.6.2.8. Employment by Industry for Topsail Beach, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          0          10         0

  Construction                      .          23         14         30

  Business Services                 .          0          0          22

  Communication/Utilities           .          0          0          9

  Manufacturing                     .          0          9          18

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          0          7          19
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          6          29         50

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          16         41         48

  Transportation                    .          39         76         8
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.6.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.6.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Topsail Beach, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          15         65              \-

  Clerical                          .          100        23              \-

  Craft                             .          17         4               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          27         40              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          0          6               0

  Household Services                .          0          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          7          0               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          0               \-

  Service, except Household         .          25         19              \-

  Technical                         .          0          2               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.6.3 Topsail Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.6.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Hampstead, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             13         15         15         11

  Commercial King Mackerel            12         12         12         9

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         9          6          4          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          2          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          0          0          1
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          0          0          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             10         12         14         10

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          1

  Federal Dealers                                           1          
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.6.3.2 Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Hampstead,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           4

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           4

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           52

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        64
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 2.6.3.3. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Topsail Beach,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             1          2          2          2

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          2          2          2

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          1          1          1
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          1          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          1          1          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.6.3.4. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Topsail
Beach, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           5

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           5

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        10
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.6.3.5. Number of State Permit by Type for Hampstead, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          212

  Dealer License                                  23

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     15

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             112

  Shellfish License                               74

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           436
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

Table 2.6.3.6. Number of State Permit by Type for Topsail Beach, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          6

  Dealer License                                  3

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      1

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     1

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             4

  Shellfish License                               0

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           15
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.7 Sneads Ferry (28460)

![](media/image12.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 

### 2.7.1 Community Description

The white rubber boots worn by commercial fishermen in this community
and many other parts of North Carolina are commonly referred to as
"Snead's Ferry Sneakers." With such an icon named after the community it
suggests the importance of commercial fishing to the area.

Snead's Ferry is a small town with very little of the large-scale
development that is evident elsewhere on the North Carolina coast.
However, there are apparently more retirees moving here from places like
Atlantic Beach because it is more affordable according to some
individuals. Many houses in the community have fishing vessels docked in
front of the house or on the lawn. Snead's Ferry's location is an
advantage for fishermen, because the channel leads directly to the sound
without having to travel through many creeks; this offers larger boats
more accessibility. One respondent commented that at least half of the
people in the community have something to do with the fishing industry.
Others living in Surf City supposed that Snead's Ferry is now made up of
at least 20% of residents who are either servicemen or who work on the
base. Some of these individuals also shrimp at night or on the weekends.
This is a source of resentment, because these people are no longer full
time fishermen, and have more disposable income with which to purchase
better equipment or simply have better standards of living. The
community celebrates the Shrimp Festival each second weekend in
August.[^8]

One fish house owner who has been working in Snead's Ferry for 12 years
has 15 boats that sell to him and dock at his place of business, These
fishermen do everything, including net fishing, crabbing, clamming, and
shrimping. He commented that he doesn't see much of a future in fishing
because younger people are not getting involved. This same individual
commented that a lot of new people are moving in from other places and
he considers it only a matter of years before his place sells. The fish
house next door is for sale and he is just waiting for the right price,
and he will sell, too. Most of the captains and crew live within two
miles of his fish house and there does not seem to be a problem finding
crew; primarily because they have worked in the industry for so long and
most have been with the same captains for quite some time. He also
commented that most of the fishermen in town are shrimpers and net
fishermen who go out daily which allows them to be home at night and
have a more stable life. [^9]

Snead's Ferry had 25 vessels with federal permits in 2001 and most
vessels held snapper grouper class 1 and coastal pelagic permits (Table
2.7.3.1). There were over 340 state commercial fishing vessel
registrations for Snead's Ferry and among those there were 228 standard
commercial fishing license. The community also had 2 recreational sell
licenses (Table 2.7.3.3). According to Table 2.7.3.2 there was some
seafood employment in other areas with 16 persons employed in fish and
seafood and 2 in marinas.

### 2.7.2 Sneads Ferry Census Demographics

#### 2.7.2.1 Population

Table 2.7.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Sneads
Ferry, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .          2042       2152

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .          179        153

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .          276        242

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .          27         56

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .          229        120

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .          330        383

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .          252        334

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .          241        287

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .          283        268

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .          225        309
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.7.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.7.2.2. Housing Tenure for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      30.3       28.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      69.7       71.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.7.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.7.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Sneads Ferry, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      467        203

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1035       1199
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.7.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.7.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Sneads Ferry, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.3       59.0

  Percent unemployed                                  7.8        2.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.7.2.5 Race

Table 2.7.2.5. Race for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .          182        113

  Latino Black Persons              .          .          0          2

  Latino Persons                    .          .          10         38

  White Persons                     .          .          1840       2029

  Latino White Persons              .          .          10         16
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.7.2.6 Education

Table 2.7.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .          177        101

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .          221        176

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .          576        654

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .          239        367

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .          80         267

  Drop outs                         .          .          23         16
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 

#### 2.7.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.7.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          .          \$21901    \$34509
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .          427        290

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .          56         12

  Households with Public Assistance .          .          43         30
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.7.2.8 Industry

Table 2.7.2.8. Employment by Industry for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .          121        77

  Construction                      .          .          47         120

  Business Services                 .          .          73         34

  Communication/Utilities           .          .          0          21

  Manufacturing                     .          .          16         66

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .          10         63
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .          49         309

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .          243        135

  Transportation                    .          .          187        64
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.7.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.7.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Sneads Ferry, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          .          73               \-

  Clerical                          .          .          58               \-

  Craft                             .          .          77               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          .          88               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          .          132              83

  Household Services                .          .          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          .          31               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          .          6                \-

  Service, except Household         .          .          145              \-

  Technical                         .          .          21               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.7.3 Sneads Ferry Fishing Demographics 

**Table 2.7.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Sneads Ferry,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             23         25         30         25

  Commercial King Mackerel            17         16         18         17

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         11         9          12         8

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          2          2          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        4          7          9          6
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        5          6          8          5
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             18         21         19         21

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          1          2          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          1

  Federal Dealers                     0          4          5          5
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.7.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Sneads
Ferry, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           12

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           4

  Total Fishing Employment                        16
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.7.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Sneads Ferry, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          347

  Dealer License                                  18

  Flounder License                                3

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     28

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             228

  Shellfish License                               169

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 2

  Total                                           794
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  2.8 Swansboro

![](media/image13.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.8.1 Community Description

Swansboro is supposedly the second oldest town in North Carolina.
Settlement of the surrounding lands by English colonists probably was
influenced by its proximity to Bogue Inlet and the White Oak River.
Shipbuilding and the export of naval stores were the mainstays of the
local economy. The town was a major port in the late eighteenth century,
and relied mainly on ship building. The end of the Civil War brought a
close to that prosperity and fishing became important socially and
economically.[^10]

The community has a small historic section that has been well preserved
with many old buildings still intact and restored, now used mostly for
tourist shops. There are two fish houses with some small trawlers docked
nearby. There are at least five seafood restaurants and two seafood
markets. Though Swansboro has all the trappings of a fishing community,
according to some, it is more a tourist community now. According to one
fisherman, from Swansboro, the community was much more of a fishing town
around ten years ago when there was close to double the fleet. Shrimping
has experienced a recent downturn because imports with lower prices have
affected the market. Because of the costs involved, local shrimp are
more expensive and they are not as big, therefore more and more people
are buying imports according to one individual. There are two main docks
in the community, one has three trawlers and the other has two. Almost
all captains and crew live in town, although crew may come from other
places, fishing has always been a family business in Swansboro. There
are a few charter businesses in town with one in particular that has a
seafood market, a head boat and one charter. [^11]

Most of the ten federally permitted vessels in Swansboro have coastal
pelagic permits and snapper grouper class 1, with about half of those
vessels also holding charter permits for those species (Table 2.8.3.1).
Much of the employment according to census zip code data is in marinas
with a few employed in fish and seafood (Table 2.8.3.2). There were over
170 state-permitted vessels with 96 standard commercial licenses and
over 100 shellfish licenses according to Table 2.8.3.3, and 2
recreational tournament sell licenses.

### 2.8.2 Swansboro Census Demographics

#### 2.8.2.1 Population

Table 2.8.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Swansboro,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          976        1165       1433

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          30         101        96

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          141        131        204

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          32         22         40

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          88         152        116

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          96         204        152

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          120        139        238

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          156        114        210

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          147        114        166

  Persons Age 65+                   .          150        188        211
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.8.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.8.2.2. Housing Tenure for Swansboro, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      43.7       23.5

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      56.3       76.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.8.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.8.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Swansboro, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      124        148

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      484        637
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.8.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.8.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Swansboro, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.5       65.2

  Percent unemployed                                  4.9        2.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.8.2.5 Race

Table 2.8.2.5. Race for Swansboro, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          24         66

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          4          14         40

  White Persons                     .          972        1115       1274

  Latino White Persons              .          4          8          12
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.8.2.6 Education

Table 2.8.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Swansboro, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          106        67         25

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          131        80         72

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          251        269        289

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          109        157        267

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          72         138        324

  Drop outs                         .          4          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.8.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.8.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Swansboro, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$17162    \$25410    \$37740
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          86         172        171

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          30         30         16

  Households with Public Assistance .          28         34         11
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.8.2.8 Industry

Table 2.8.2.8. Employment by Industry for Swansboro, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          5          8          5

  Construction                      .          31         36         74

  Business Services                 .          10         11         28

  Communication/Utilities           .          8          6          23

  Manufacturing                     .          30         34         17

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          8          23         31
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          13         18         266

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          45         166        141

  Transportation                    .          86         135        26
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.8.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.8.2.9.. Employment by Occupation for Swansboro, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          42         86              \-

  Clerical                          .          540        60              \-

  Craft                             .          84         48              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          39         43              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          4          8               5

  Household Services                .          2          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          8          7               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          22         15              \-

  Service, except Household         .          58         54              \-

  Technical                         .          11         22              \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

###  2.8.3 Swansboro Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.8.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Swansboro, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             14         12         9          10

  Commercial King Mackerel            12         7          7          10

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         10         5          4          6

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            4          1          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        5          4          3          5
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        5          4          5          7
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             4          5          4          7

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          1          0          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.8.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Swansboro,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           16

  Total Fishing Employment                        20
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.8.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Swansboro, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          171

  Dealer License                                  15

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     0

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             92

  Shellfish License                               106

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 2

  Total                                           393
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.9 Atlantic Beach (28512)

![](media/image14.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.9.1 Community Description

Atlantic Beach has been a popular resort town since the 1870s. The first
bathing pavilion was built on Bogue Banks in 1887. Other resorts and
tourism related development occurred over the next century and the area
remains today a popular vacation destination.[^12] Today there is a
boardwalk with rides, a video arcade, shops, restaurants, etc., along
the waterfront. The beach is the primary attraction and there is a
defined seasonal tourism during the summer months. There is a small
marina in the community, with charter boats, but there is no commercial
fishing out of Atlantic Beach. There are about 12-14 charter boats
total, according to one respondent. Some boats that advertise as being
from Atlantic Beach actually dock in Morehead. The charter business is
also very seasonal, and there seems to be plenty of competition. During
the off season, charter fishermen take on other jobs, like carpentry or
anything they can find.[^13]

The number of federally permitted vessels in Atlantic Beach has
decreased over the years to where today there are only 11. Most of those
have coastal pelagic, snapper grouper class 1 and charter permits for
both coastal pelagic and snapper grouper (Table 2.9.3.1). There are,
however, over 50 state commercially registered vessels and 47 standard
commercial fishing licenses (Table 2.9.3.3).

Salter Path/Indian Beach area is south of Atlantic Beach and may have
more fishing related businesses than Atlantic Beach. There are five or
more seafood restaurants and several fish houses that sell retail and
wholesale seafood. The community has many hotels and also a miniature
golf course. A small area along the creek is where most of the fish
houses and restaurants are located. One individual commented that most
people make their living from seafood here, yet most fishermen have
other jobs and their wives work because it is difficult to make a living
solely from the fishing industry year round. Another commented that
Salter Path used to be a fishing community with shrimp boats, net
fishing, clam and scallop, but there is no offshore fishing from the
area. Overall, this area has become more dependent upon tourism and the
associated service economy.[^14]

Salter Path has 73 state registered commercial vessels and 54 standard
commercial licenses issued for the year 2002. There were also 9 dealer
licenses for the community (Table 2.9.3.4).

### 2.9.2. Atlantic Beach Census Demographics

#### 2.9.2.1 Population

Table 2.9.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Atlantic
Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          930        1938       1811

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          26         84         51

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          75         139        89

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          34         59         27

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          204        157        125

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          196        363        222

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          142        316        251

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          100        316        389

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          108        261        323

  Persons Age 65+                   .          45         243        334
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.9.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.9.2.2. Housing Tenure for Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Rent**                                    **1990**   **2000**

                                                      38.6       35.4

  **Percent Own**                                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      61.4       66.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.9.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.9.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Atlantic Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      378        163

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      718        908
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.9.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.9.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Atlantic Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              69.3       63.3

  Percent unemployed                                  3.0        5.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.9.2.5 Race

Table 2.9.2.5. Race for Atlantic Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          10         20         11

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          19         14         12

  White Persons                     .          902        1882       1735

  Latino White Persons              .          19         12         11
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.9.2.6 Education

Table 2.9.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Atlantic Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          45         45         40

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          89         179        109

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          209        398        354

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          121        412        428

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          127        362        585

  Drop outs                         .          5          7          3
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.9.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.9.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Atlantic Beach, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$15156    \$30093    \$38313
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          81         195        131

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          3          17         5

  Households with Public Assistance .          15         23         6
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.9.2.8 Industry

Table 2.9.2.8. Employment by Industry for Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          12         31         7

  Construction                      .          26         117        135

  Business Services                 .          7          26         54

  Communication/Utilities           .          10         27         30

  Manufacturing                     .          39         82         21

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          22         41         104
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          49         110        303

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          74         288        222

  Transportation                    .          148        307        31
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.9.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.9.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Atlantic Beach, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          67         256              \-

  Clerical                          .          710        124              \-

  Craft                             .          53         126              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          109        164              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          11         28               5

  Household Services                .          0          3                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          10         35               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          7          22               \-

  Service, except Household         .          47         139              \-

  Technical                         .          4          34               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.9.3 Atlantic Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.9.3.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Atlantic Beach,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             17         17         15         11

  Commercial King Mackerel            14         11         9          7

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         10         4          5          7

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          2          2          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        8          6          6          3
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        9          6          5          4
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             7          8          5          5

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             3          3          3          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.9.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Atlantic
Beach, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           56

  Total Fishing Employment                        60
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.9.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Atlantic Beach, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          56

  Dealer License                                  10

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      5

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     5

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             42

  Shellfish License                               6

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 2

  Total                                           126
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

Table 2.9.3.4. Number of State Permit by Type for Salter Path, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          73

  Dealer License                                  9

  Flounder License                                1

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     4

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             54

  Shellfish License                               17

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           158
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.10 Morehead City (28557)

![](media/image15.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.10.1 Community Description

Morehead City was founded in the 1840s and soon had a railroad line that
connected its deep-water harbor with inland markets. Following several
severe hurricanes during the 1880s and 1890s, fishermen who had lived on
Shackleford Banks moved their houses by boat onto the mainland in the
areas between 10th and 15th Streets. They called this area the *Promise
Land* and it became the nucleus of the fishing industry that continues
to be an important part of the economy of Morehead City. In recent
years, a large charter-fishing fleet has developed, and Morehead City
has become widely known as a center for sport and tournament fishing,
drawing fishermen from all over the eastern United States. It is the
location of one of the major, annual international Blue Marlin
tournaments, as well as other fishing tournaments.[^15]

Today Morehead City has a community college, several strip malls and
commercial enterprises. There is a coastal theme to many of the
businesses and art galleries, with a focus on tourism. The waterfront is
small but crowded with several tourist attractions and numerous charter
boats. According to one captain of a charter boat, the best fishing area
on the NC coast is 50-100 miles offshore of here. The Big Rock Marlin
tournament held the second week in June is the biggest paying tournament
on the East Coast. The tournament brings approximately 200 boats to the
area. With an estimated four people per boat plus families, the
tournament generates considerable economic benefit to the community.
Many of the local charter boats are chartered for this tournament, which
has an entry fee of \$12,000 per person. There are also several small
tournaments held in the community during the mackerel and marlin season.
While there are no local fishing clubs, the Raleigh Sport Fishing
Alliance is a regional fishing club with many of its members fishing out
of Morehead City. One charter crew member said that he commercial fished
for 21 years, but tired of weather problems and the "feast or famine"
economy of commercial fishing. He said he had seen some commercial
fishermen go out by themselves in any kind of weather because they
couldn't find crew members, just to survive. He also mentioned that
there are good crew around that migrate up and down the coast according
to work. [^16]

There were 22 federally permitted vessels homeported in Morehead City,
most of them with coastal pelagic and snapper grouper class 1 permits
(Table 2.10.3.1). About half held charter permits for both species
groups. There are about 100 people employed in fishing related business
according to census business figures in Table 2.10.3.2. About half of
those are in marinas and 36 are employed in fish and seafood business.
Over 200 state commercial vessel licenses were issued for Morehead City
and 150 standard commercial fishing permits. There were 53 shellfish
licenses and 14 dealer licenses issued by the state (Table 2.10.3.3).

### 2.10.2 Morehead City Census Demographics

#### 2.10.2.1 Population

Table 2.10.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Morehead
City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     5226       4359       6046       7649

  Persons Age 0-5                   394        256        497        578

  Persons Age 6-15                  1037       601        744        780

  Persons Age 16-17                 225        152        109        106

  Persons Age 18-24                 543        379        528        584

  Persons Age 25-34                 556        594        1037       1058

  Persons Age 35-44                 584        478        792        975

  Persons Age 45-54                 642        434        549        1128

  Persons Age 55-64                 576        576        535        748

  Persons Age 65+                   570        854        1255       1692
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.10.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.10.2.2. Housing Tenure for Morehead City, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Rent**                                    **1990**   **2000**

                                                      44.7       44.8

  **Percent Own**                                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      55.3       55.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.10.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.10.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Morehead City, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1710       1061

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2532       3296
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.10.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.10.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Morehead City, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.4       60.2

  Percent unemployed                                  4.1        7.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.10.2.5 Race

Table 2.10.2.5. Race for Morehead City, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     1009       789        1066       1071

  Latino Black Persons              0          5          0          4

  Latino Persons                    151        50         26         180

  White Persons                     4170       3563       4941       6213

  Latino White Persons              151        45         26         71
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.10.2.6 Education

Table 2.10.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Morehead City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        884        721        495        401

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       655        724        730        660

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 717        712        1231       1467

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     425        453        890        1474

  25+ w/ College Degree             247        326        552        1547

  Drop outs                         84         29         35         52
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.10.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.10.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Morehead City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6676     \$13267    \$22827    \$28737
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       1008       782        1098       1105

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       185        125        155        199

  Households with Public Assistance 120        152        276        99
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.10.2.8 Industry

Table 2.10.2.8. Employment by Industry for Morehead City, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      51         43         84         37

  Construction                      114        125        183        394

  Business Services                 51         39         86         260

  Communication/Utilities           50         84         28         87

  Manufacturing                     151        202        226        252

  Financial, Insurance & Real       74         100        120        272
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          70         112        190        1404

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            602        291        727        543

  Transportation                    543        409        797        62
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.1.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.1.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Morehead City, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             114        238        406              \-

  Clerical                          272        2550       285              \-

  Craft                             306        253        391              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   246        188        297              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  5          52         86               37

  Household Services                117        41         10               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   116        105        121              \-

  Operative/Transport               148        92         92               \-

  Service, except Household         389        289        495              \-

  Technical                         0          33         65               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.10.3. Morehead City Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.10.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Morehead City,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             29         29         23         22

  Commercial King Mackerel            22         18         17         18

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         18         13         11         15

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            2          5          2          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        8          9          6          5
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        6          7          5          7
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             12         15         13         16

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          2          2          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          1          3

  Rock Shrimp                         1          4          1          0

  Federal Dealers                     2          3          4          6
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.10.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Morehead
City, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           4

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           16

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           36

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           40

  Total Fishing Employment                        100
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.10.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Morehead City, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          211

  Dealer License                                  14

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     19

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             150

  Shellfish License                               53

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 2

  Total                                           448
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.11 Beaufort (28516)

![](media/image16.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.11.1 Community Description

Beaufort was built on a former Native American village, called Warelock
which means "fish town" or "fishing village," near Cape Lookout and
borders the southern portion of the Outer Banks. Its deep water harbor
is home to vessels of all sizes and its marinas are a favorite stop-over
for transient boaters. Originally a fishing village and port of safety,
it was known as \"Fishtowne\" until incorporated in 1722. [^17] A
whaling community, Diamond City, was located on Shackleford Banks, six
miles to the southeast by boat during the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. Lumber, barrel staves, rum, and molasses comprised some of
Beaufort\'s main exports. However, when the port declined as a trade
center, commercial fishing gained greater importance and became the
primary economic activity of the town. Beaufort served as home port for
a large menhaden fishing fleet and had numerous processing facilities
for menhaden products.[^18]

Today, tourism, service industries, retail businesses and construction
are important mainstays of the area, with many shops and restaurants
catering to visitors from outside the area. The community has some
exclusive homes along the waterfront but overall most housing is modest.
It is home to both the NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat
Research and Duke Marine Sciences Center. Directly across the bridge
from Morehead city is Radio Island, which is the commercial fishing hub
for Beaufort. There are a few private boats along the waterfront in
downtown Beaufort, but the commercial enterprises are predominantly
located on Radio Island. The waterfront does have two tour/party boats,
in addition to private boats, some of which may be smaller charter
vessels. There are several marinas in the community and several
businesses that provide support services for both the recreational and
commercial fishing industries.

According to one individual, Beaufort is a commercial fishing community,
although less so now, than in the past. This seems to be largely due to
fewer young people getting into the fishing business as it does not seem
to pay well. This same individual has seven trawlers and four small
snapper/grouper boats as part of his business. During the summer three
longline vessels travel from New York and dock at his facility. The
majority of fish they purchase is marketed in Virginia and farther
north. Shrimp is a large part of the seafood industry here, but, imports
are having an impact on the domestic market lowering prices. His
facility is a full service fish house, with processing, ice, fuel, and
its own net repair. There was, at one time, an ice plant across the
bridge, which has now become a condominium development. The last shad
factory in the state is located on Front St. in Beaufort. At the time,
there were only two shad vessels left in the state, and they are there,
too. Shad built the fishing industry in Beaufort. He said that people
are trying to put them (the Shad company) out of business because their
property is valuable. He estimates that on Radio Island there are 20
trawlers that dock there permanently.

Another individual said that his fish house used to process year round,
but now only operates seven months of the year due to closures. They
used to have four employees, but now employ only two. It was in1987 that
Beaufort had its best year for shrimp. According to this individual most
people involved in the fishery live in Beaufort or Morehead City. There
are three fish houses in Beaufort, one of which deals primarily in bait.
In 1987 there were about 25 larger commercial vessels (70-90') in
addition to a lot of smaller boats; now there are approximately 11 large
commercial vessels in Beaufort.[^19]

There were only 10 federally permitted vessels in Beaufort in 2001and
those vessels held primarily coastal pelagic permits (Table 2.11.3.1).
Most of the employment that is fishing related according to census
business pattern data is related to boat building with 184 persons
employed in that business. Others are employed in fish processing and
fish and seafood according to Table 2.11.3.2. There are over 400
commercial vessels registered with the state from Beaufort with almost
300 standard commercial fishing licenses. There are 172 shellfish
licenses and 32 dealer license (Table 2.11.3.3).

### **[2.11.2 Beaufort Census Demographics]{.underline}**

#### 2.11.2.1 Population

Table 2.11.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Beaufort,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     3368       3826       3808       3528

  Persons Age 0-5                   155        199        305        145

  Persons Age 6-15                  665        498        393        299

  Persons Age 16-17                 152        126        76         75

  Persons Age 18-24                 272        401        376        208

  Persons Age 25-34                 372        621        597        451

  Persons Age 35-44                 337        353        511        516

  Persons Age 45-54                 448        414        399        518

  Persons Age 55-64                 451        557        423        508

  Persons Age 65+                   465        616        728        808
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.11.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.11.2.2. Housing Tenure for Beaufort, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Rent**                                    **1990**   **2000**

                                                      44.3       42.9

  **Percent Own**                                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      55.7       57.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.11.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.11.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Beaufort, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      888        471

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2096       1905
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.11.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.11.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Beaufort, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              61.0       56.3

  Percent unemployed                                  6.8        4.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.11.2.5 Race

Table 2.11.2.5. Race for Beaufort, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     1042       922        908        751

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          0          3

  Latino Persons                    28         26         71         142

  White Persons                     2326       2897       2815       2812

  Latino White Persons              28         26         0          49
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.11.2.6 Education

Table 2.11.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Beaufort, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        697        555        229        151

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       490        562        432        415

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 506        572        832        747

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     222        412        542        691

  25+ w/ College Degree             158        460        399        773

  Drop outs                         78         49         26         24
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.112.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.11.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Beaufort, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6803     \$13988    \$23933    \$28763
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       774        614        660        568

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       170        126        120        84

  Households with Public Assistance 67         216        163        64
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.11.2.8 Industry

Table 2.11.2.8. Employment by Industry for Beaufort, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      38         153        51         40

  Construction                      43         27         87         165

  Business Services                 43         44         39         90

  Communication/Utilities           9          18         18         61

  Manufacturing                     130        171        233        124

  Financial, Insurance & Real       46         104        134        52
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          26         63         68         675

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            386        148        440        315

  Transportation                    358        362        486        66
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.11.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.11.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Beaufort, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             114        178        268              \-

  Clerical                          131        1910       282              \-

  Craft                             269        170        177              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   123        169        228              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  0          124        16               20

  Household Services                72         12         0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   63         59         91               \-

  Operative/Transport               164        68         101              \-

  Service, except Household         224        196        270              \-

  Technical                         0          40         40               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.11.3 Beaufort Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.11.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Beaufort, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             15         10         10         10

  Commercial King Mackerel            11         7          7          8

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         11         6          5          6

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             2          5          3          2

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          1          1          1

  Swordfish                           0          1          3          3

  Shark                               0          1          2          3

  Rock Shrimp                         2          1          2          2

  Federal Dealers                     2          0          3          4
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.11.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Beaufort,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           8

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           36

  Boat Building                  336612           184

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           20

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           48

  Total Fishing Employment                        300
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.11.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Beaufort, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          430

  Dealer License                                  32

  Flounder License                                21

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           1

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     37

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             294

  Shellfish License                               178

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           994
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  2.12 Harker's Island (28531)

![](media/image17.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.12.1 Community Description

Harker's Island has a small marina at the entrance to the island where
approximately nine small trawlers dock. The island does not seem to have
seen the same residential development that many other coastal
communities have, although it has reportedly been discovered by
outsiders who are using it as a retirement destination. Fishermen on
Cedar Island that were interviewed indicated that many of the locals
from Harker's Island have moved to Gloucester because of high property
taxes.

A few individuals consider Harker's Island a fishing community, even
though landings are not nearly as high as in the past. Increasingly,
there are more part-time fishermen, whereas in the past most were
full-time. Accordingly, most have other jobs in order to make a living
and fishing is to supplement income or solely more of a recreational
endeavor. The hardcore old-timers who were the fishing mainstay on the
island are too old and can't fish anymore or have passed away.
Approximately one quarter of the island residents are full or part-time
commercial fishermen according to several individuals. The island is
also known for its boat building.

Ten years ago the island's economy was split evenly between fishing and
tourism according to one individual, but more recently tourism has
become the dominant industry. Rising property values have made it
difficult for second and third generation islanders to remain. Recently,
some undeveloped lots have been priced at or near \$125,000; in addition
property taxes seem to double every few years according to that
individual. Locals are slowly being pushed from their heritage
(commercial fishing), because they cannot afford the higher costs of
living associated with the demographic shift when those of a higher
socioeconomic class move to the area and are willing pay higher prices
for land and housing. Imports are also taking a toll on the fishing
industry as the domestic seafood has to compete with cheaper imports.
The majority of the boats built in the past were commercial and made of
wood; today there are more, larger sport and head boats that are often
built in Florida or other states. It is estimated that there are
approximately 25 trawlers in the area today. There is some long hauling
that is also done by some, where two boats pull a net with 5-8 men per
boat. [^20]

There are only 8 vessels homeported in Harker's Island with federal
permits (Table 2.12.3.1) and most of those hold coastal pelagic permits
and snapper grouper class 1. This does not include shrimp vessels unless
they have other permits. There are over 170 commercial vessels with
state licenses according to Table 2.12.3.3, with 96 standard commercial
licenses and 68 shellfish licenses. Most of the fishing related
employment according to census zip code business patterns in Table
2.12.3.2 is in the boat building sector.

### 2.12.2 Harker's Island Census Demographics

#### 2.12.2.1 Population

Table 2.12.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Harker's
Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          132        117        1588

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          351        193        17

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          73         50         165

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          240        213        52

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          270        256        126

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          263        258        160

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          194        270        258

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          171        219        256

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          181        180        237

  Persons Age 65+                   .          132        117        317
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.12.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.12.2.2. Housing Tenure for Harker's Island, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percemt Rent**                                    **1990**   **2000**

                                                      18.9       81.4

  **Percent Own**                                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      81.1       16.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.12.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.12.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Harker's Island, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      336        80

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1212       1227
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.12.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Harker's Island, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              53.6       47.1

  Percent unemployed                                  2.5        2.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.12.2.5 Race

Table 2.12.2.5. Race for Harker's Island, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          0          0

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          2

  White Persons                     .          1868       1751       1502

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          1
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.12.2.6 Education

Table 2.12.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Harker's Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          381        216        112

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          327        295        337

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          301        399        383

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          50         157        246

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          20         77         133

  Drop outs                         .          55         17         17
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.12.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.12.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Harker's Island, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$13099    \$22808    \$33125
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          381        345        245

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          87         41         59

  Households with Public Assistance .          83         34         1
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.12.2.8 Industry

Table 2.12.2.8. Employment by Industry for Harker's Island, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          175        62         71

  Construction                      .          42         48         95

  Business Services                 .          9          25         17

  Communication/Utilities           .          11         26         12

  Manufacturing                     .          78         111        71

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          65         81         0
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          0          5          255

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          60         181        50

  Transportation                    .          67         192        23
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.12.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.12.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Harker's Island, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          16         54               \-

  Clerical                          .          690        74               \-

  Craft                             .          149        120              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          46         50               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          174        73               61

  Household Services                .          0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          20         44               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          17         82               \-

  Service, except Household         .          67         89               \-

  Technical                         .          12         33               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.12.3 Harker's Island Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.12.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Harker's Island,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             7          10         11         8

  Commercial King Mackerel            6          9          10         7

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         7          7          6          5

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          1          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          1          1          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             5          7          6          5

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          1          0          1

  Shark                               0          1          0          1

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.12.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Harker's
Island, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           24

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           8

  Total Fishing Employment                        32
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.12.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Harker's Island,
North Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          179

  Dealer License                                  12

  Flounder License                                2

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           1

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     31

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             93

  Shellfish License                               68

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           386
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.13 Hatteras (27959) 

![](media/image18.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.13.1 Community Description

Hatteras is located on the southern end of Hatteras Island on North
Carolina\'s Outer Banks. The isolation of the community adds to the
local character. Hatteras has historically been a seaport community with
whaling an important part of the economy in its early history. Since
World War II, the economy of the Hatteras community has depended on
charter and commercial fishing. More recently, tourism has become an
increasingly important economic activity (McCay and Cieri 2000).

The entire north end of Hatteras Island was once known as Chicamacomico,
but in 1874, the postal service changed the name to Rodanthe.[^21] In
earlier times, the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci landed in the area
in the 16^th^ Century. Centuries later, in 1858, the island became a
popular fishing and shipping village and a post office was established.
In 1861, Confederates troops landed on the northern end of the island to
re-take Fort Hatteras and Fort Clark, which had fallen to the Union's
first naval invasion of the South. After the Civil War, development
began to increase on the island and the Durant's lifesaving station was
built in 1878. By the turn of the century, a US weather station was
established on the island and in the mid-1930s the Army Corps of
Engineers had dredged a deep channel which allowed for better access
from Pamlico Sound to Hatteras Inlet. Soon after, a sizable fishing
fleet was established at Hatteras. During World War II, the area was
known as "Torpedo Junction" due to more than 100 ships that were lost
due to German submarines.[^22]

Hatteras Village is a small and quiet town surrounded by coast on either
side. It is located next to a state park with a historic lighthouse.
Hatteras is host to several prestigious fishing tournaments and is
homeport for the island\'s famous charter fishing fleet. In addition,
there are numerous restaurants that offer fresh caught seafood.

There were as many as 10 or 12 fish houses once and most recently, the
largest fish house was sold for condominium development; there are four
working fish houses left now. According to one individual, many
fishermen are leaving the fishing business as tourism is dominating the
economy for the area. This same individual further commented that water
quality has changed and that there used to be more shellfish on the
shoreline; now it is all gone due to development. He further suggested
that the bridges that have recently been built have changed the currents
of the inlet and have affected the local ecosystem.

Hatteras has 60 federally permitted vessels and most of those have
commercial coastal pelagic permits. Almost half have charter permits for
coastal pelagic or snapper grouper (Table 2.13.3.1). Most of the fishing
related employment is in the marina sector (Table 2.13.3.2). There are
81 state registered commercial fishing vessels and 72 standard
commercial fishing licenses in Hatteras. There are ten dealer licenses
and 21 shellfish licenses in the community (Table 2.13.3.3).

The census demographic table that follows was compiled using census
block data for the area. Long term census data from 1970 and 1980 were
not available for Hatteras.

### 2.13.2 Hatteras Census Demographics

**Table 2.13.2.1 Hatteras Census Demographics**

+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Factor**                                      | **1990** | *       |
|                                                 |          | *2000** |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Total population**                            | 2675     | 2797    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Gender Ratio M/F (Percent)**                  | 5        | 50      |
|                                                 | 1.6/48.4 | .5/49.5 |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Age (Percent of total population)**           |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Under 18 years of age                         | 23.9     | 20.0    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > 18 to 64 years of age                         | 65.0     | 64.2    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > 65 years and over                             | 11.1     | 15.1    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Ethnicity or Race (Number)**                  |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > White                                         | 2644     | 2705    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Black or African American                     | 10       | 0       |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > American Indian and Alaskan Native            | 0        | 0       |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Asian                                         | 21       | 0       |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander    | 0        | 0       |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Some other race                               | 0        | 38      |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Two or more races                             | \-       | 54      |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Hispanic or Latino (any race)                 | 18       | 98      |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Educational Attainment ( Population 25 and    |          |         |
| over)**                                         |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent with less than 9th grade              | 7.1      | 6.6     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent high school graduate or higher        | 74.4     | 80.2    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent with a Bachelor's degree or higher    | 20.6     | 17.2    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Language Spoken at Home (Population 5 years   |          |         |
| and over)**                                     |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent who speak a language other than       | 1.6      | 5.1     |
| > English at home                               |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > And Percent who speak English less than very  | 0.0      | 2.6     |
| > well                                          |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
|                                                 |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Household income (Median \$)**                | N/A^1^   | N/A^1^  |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Poverty Status (Percent of population with    | 6.0      | 10.0    |
| income below poverty line)**                    |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Percent female headed household**             | 9.0      | 6.2     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Home Ownership (Percent)**                    |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Owner occupied                                | 72.3     | 78.1    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Renter occupied                               | 27.7     | 21.9    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Value Owner-occupied Housing (Median \$)**    | N/A^2^   | N/A^2^  |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Monthly Contract Rent (Median \$)**           | N/A^3^   | N/A^3^  |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Employment Status (Population 16 yrs and      |          |         |
| over)**                                         |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent in the labor force                    | 67.3     | 68.2    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent of civilian labor force unemployed    | 4.2      | 8.9     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Occupation (Percent)**                        |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Management, professional, and related         | 23.7     | 24.6    |
| > occupations                                   |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Service occupations                           | 15.4     | 16.8    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Sales and office occupations                  | 17.3     | 20.4    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations    | 6.4      | 7.8     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Construction, extraction, and maintenance     | 16.4     | 20.0    |
| > occupations                                   |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Production, transportation, and material      | 13.9     | 10.5    |
| > moving occupations                            |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| **Industry (Percent)**                          |          |         |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting    | 11.3     | 8.4     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Manufacturing                                 | 3.4      | 4.4     |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+
| > Percent government workers                    | 21.0     | 19.3    |
+-------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+

1 Median Household Income is between \$16,799-29,900 for 1990;
\$33,456-40,718 for 2000

2 Median Value Owner-occupied Housing is between \$51,900-127,600 for
1990; \$111,300-155,100 for 2000

3 Median Contract Rent is between \$325-338 for 1990; \$335-421 for 2000

### 2.13.3 Hatteras Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.13.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Hatteras, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             58         64         60         60

  Commercial King Mackerel            55         61         58         56

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         46         40         34         43

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        25         28         27         24
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        5          11         12         11
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             7          9          8          5

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             3          3          1          3

  Swordfish                           0          0          2          3

  Shark                               0          4          2          1

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.13.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Hatteras,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           16

  Total Fishing Employment                        20
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.13.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Hatteras, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          81

  Dealer License                                  10

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     5

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             73

  Shellfish License                               21

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 1

  Total                                           190
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.14 Oriental (28571)

![](media/image19.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.14.1 Community Description

Oriental has seen little population growth over the past few decades and
relatively little change in other census demographics. There has been a
rise in unemployment from 1990 to 2000 but a drop in the number of
individuals who are living below the poverty line for the same decade.
There was little change in employment in farm, fish and forestry over
that same time period. In fact, the number of federally permitted
vessels has remained fairly constant at 7 (Table 2.14.3.1). There is
considerable employment in fish and seafood with 72 people reported in
that sector in Table 2.14.3.2. As far as state permits, there were 77
commercial vessels registered in Oriental and 62 standard commercial
fishing licenses. There were also 13 dealer licenses issued within the
community.

### **[2.14.2 Oriental Census Demographics]{.underline}**

#### 2.14.2.1 Population

Table 2.14.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Oriental,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          535        804        878

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          35         66         24

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          51         57         57

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          13         14         11

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          43         44         34

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          62         74         48

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          42         100        84

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          67         83         142

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          91         149        161

  Persons Age 65+                   .          130        217        317
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.14.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.14.2.2. Housing Tenure for Oriental, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      20.7       19.7

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      79.3       80.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.14.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.14.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Oriental, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      127        40

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      364        525
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.14.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.14.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Oriental, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              44.5       37.0

  Percent unemployed                                  1.1        6.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.14.2.5 Race

Table 2.14.2.5. Race for Oriental, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          51         103        64

  Latino Black Persons              .          3          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          3          0          12

  White Persons                     .          477        701        792

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.14.2.6 Education

Table 2.14.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Oriental, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          68         27         11

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          84         57         69

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          69         155        158

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          97         141        195

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          74         192        317

  Drop outs                         .          4          2          2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.14.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.14.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Oriental, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$12303    \$27660    \$37794
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          87         138        74

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          37         27         29

  Households with Public Assistance .          21         28         2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.14.2.8 Industry

Table 2.14.2.8. Employment by Industry for Oriental, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          25         9          9

  Construction                      .          8          23         15

  Business Services                 .          3          6          19

  Communication/Utilities           .          5          5          12

  Manufacturing                     .          12         46         32

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          3          27         11
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          10         16         100

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          19         105        55

  Transportation                    .          86         69         2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.14.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.14.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Oriental, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          25         37              \-

  Clerical                          .          300        35              \-

  Craft                             .          29         28              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          28         54              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          10         9               7

  Household Services                .          0          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          9          15              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          8          20              \-

  Service, except Household         .          33         35              \-

  Technical                         .          8          0               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.14.3 Oriental Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.14.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Oriental, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             5          4          7          7

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          1          1

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          1          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          1          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         4          4          6          6

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.14.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Oriental,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           4

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           4

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           72

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           28

  Total Fishing Employment                        108
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.14.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Oriental, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          77

  Dealer License                                  13

  Flounder License                                9

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     5

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             62

  Shellfish License                               3

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           168
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.15 Vandemere/Mesic (28587)

![](media/image20.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.15.1 Community Description

Vandemere and Mesic have both seen a slight population decline over the
past decade. Both communities are predominately African American.
Vandemere has about 60% of the population in the labor force while Mesic
has 45%. Vandemere has seen a decrease in the percentage of unemployed
to 9.4 percent while Mesic has seen an increase to 5.6 percent. Both
communities have seen a reduction in the number of people who live below
the poverty line and an increase in the average wage or salary. Both
communities have also seen a steady decline in the number of people who
work in farm, fishing and forestry for both occupation and industry.
There are very few federal permits in Vandemere and none listed for
Mesic (Table 2.15.4.1). There are 36 people employed in seafood
processing according to Table 2.15.4.2 and 4 in fishing and fish and
seafood. A total of 19 commercial vessels are registered with the state
according to Table 2.15.4.3 and 21 standard commercial fishing licenses.

### 2.15.2 Vandemere Census Demographics

#### 2.15.2.1 Population

Table 2.15.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Vandemere,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          354        338        320

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          19         38         26

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          61         19         47

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          17         16         8

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          51         44         22

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          34         46         29

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          43         32         53

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          35         42         40

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          36         44         41

  Persons Age 65+                   .          58         57         54
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.15.2.2. Housing Tenure for Vandemere, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      25.5       15.5

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      75.0       85.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.15.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Vandemere, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      49         20

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      228        223
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.15.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Vandemere, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              63.4       60.3

  Percent unemployed                                  11.8       9.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.2.5 Race

Table 2.15.2.5. Race for Vandemere, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          218        177        153

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          6

  White Persons                     .          136        161        128

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          6
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.2.6 Education

Table 2.15.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Vandemere, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          60         45         20

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          67         65         47

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          59         67         64

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          14         25         48

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          6          10         38

  Drop outs                         .          2          6          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.15.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Vandemere, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$13,243   \$19,713   \$32,917
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          92         118        69

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          24         26         19

  Households with Public Assistance .          27         16         2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.2.8 Industry

Table 2.15.2.8. Employment by Industry for Vandemere, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          22         32         19

  Construction                      .          8          2          7

  Business Services                 .          0          11         5

  Communication/Utilities           .          5          5          0

  Manufacturing                     .          35         33         27

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          2          7          6
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          5          5          30

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          5          29         19

  Transportation                    .          32         20         13
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.15.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Vandemere, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          11         7               \-

  Clerical                          .          180        14              \-

  Craft                             .          12         14              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          5          9               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          16         35              1

  Household Services                .          3          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          35         13              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          17              \-

  Service, except Household         .          15         16              \-

  Technical                         .          0          2               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.15.3 Mesic Census Demographics

#### 2.15.3.1 Population

Table 2.15.3.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Mesic,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          400        297        251

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          33         12         10

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          64         48         45

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          23         6          13

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          66         30         5

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          39         41         13

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          29         29         32

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          58         39         34

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          51         39         32

  Persons Age 65+                   .          34         53         67
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.3.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.15.3.2. Housing Tenure for Mesic, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      25.0       10.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      75.0       89.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.3.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.15.3.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Mesic, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      35         18

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      228        162
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.3.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.15.3.4 Employment and Unemployment for Mesic, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              47.1       45.9

  Percent unemployed                                  3.1        5.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.15.3.5 Race

Table 2.15.3.5. Race for Mesic, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          288        205        176

  Latino Black Persons              .          3          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          3          3          0

  White Persons                     .          112        90         76

  Latino White Persons              .          0          1          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.3.6 Education

Table 2.15.3.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Mesic, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          60         40         23

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          70         46         55

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          60         64         52

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          15         32         29

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          6          15         15

  Drop outs                         .          5          0          4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.3.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.15.3.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Mesic, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          13536      16607      27188
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          90         77         68

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          17         18         10

  Households with Public Assistance .          21         13         4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.3.8 Industry

Table 2.15.3.8. Employment by Industry for Mesic, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          15         27         4

  Construction                      .          8          2          10

  Business Services                 .          3          0          0

  Communication/Utilities           .          3          2          6

  Manufacturing                     .          42         10         5

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          13         4          9
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          0          2          35

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          6          34         6

  Transportation                    .          19         18         7
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.15.3.9 Occupation

Table 2.15.3.9. Employment by Occupation for Mesic, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          6          2               \-

  Clerical                          .          120        12              \-

  Craft                             .          35         5               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          2          2               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          15         32              0

  Household Services                .          0          3               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          32         7               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          6          9               \-

  Service, except Household         .          10         23              \-

  Technical                         .          2          5               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

###  2.15.4 Vandemere Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.15.4.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Vandemere, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             4          3          2          1

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         4          3          2          1

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.15.4.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Vandemere,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           4

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           36

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           4

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        44
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.15.4.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Vandemere, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          19

  Dealer License                                  3

  Flounder License                                3

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     0

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             21

  Shellfish License                               0

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           46
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.16 Bath (27808)

![](media/image21.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.16.1 Community Description

There has been a slight population increase for Bath in the past ten
years and an increase in the percentage of the population in the labor
force. Unemployment is 4.5% with a slight increase in the number of
persons living below the poverty level. There were very few people
employed in the farm, fish and forestry category for either industry or
occupation. According to Table 2.16.3.1 there is only one federally
permitted vessel homeported in Bath. Employment in fishing related
businesses reported in Table 2.16.3.2 shows only 4 people employed in
fish and seafood. There are over 100 commercial vessels registered by
the state in Bath and over 100 standard commercial fishing licenses
according to Table 2.16.3.3.

### 2.16.2 Bath Census Demographics

#### 2.16.2.1 Population

Table 2.16.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Bath,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          213        138        268

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          6          9          12

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          17         4          51

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          6          0          2

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          15         7          5

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          17         20         26

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          12         7          20

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          12         14         66

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          37         34         24

  Persons Age 65+                   .          91         43         62
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.16.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.16.2.2. Housing Tenure for Bath, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      26.7       11.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      73.3       89.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.16.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.16.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Bath, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      29         29

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      72         157
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.16.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.16.2.4. Employment and Unemployment for Bath, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              42.6       56.1

  Percent unemployed                                  0.0        4.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.16.2.5 Race

Table 2.16.2.5. Race for Bath, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          31         10         8

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          5

  White Persons                     .          182        128        259

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.16.2.6 Education

Table 2.16.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Bath, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          67         14         3

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          41         20         24

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          35         34         60

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          11         21         45

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          15         27         64

  Drop outs                         .          0          0          2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.16.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.16.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Bath, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          11844      18284      50625
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          68         19         22

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          39         12         7

  Households with Public Assistance .          17         11         3
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.16.2.8 Industry

Table 2.16.2.8. Employment by Industry for Bath, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          8          3          5

  Construction                      .          5          0          5

  Business Services                 .          2          3          1

  Communication/Utilities           .          0          0          4

  Manufacturing                     .          18         13         23

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          5          8          6
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          0          0          55

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          2          29         9

  Transportation                    .          17         6          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.16.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.16.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Bath, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          5          3               \-

  Clerical                          .          160        5               \-

  Craft                             .          12         6               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          11         8               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          5          3               3

  Household Services                .          0          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          0          0               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          13         8               \-

  Service, except Household         .          5          10              \-

  Technical                         .          0          0               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.16.3 Bath Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.16.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Bath, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          1          2          1

  Commercial King Mackerel            2          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         2          1          1          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.16.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Bath, North
Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           4

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        4
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.16.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Bath, North Carolina
(Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          119

  Dealer License                                  16

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     7

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             112

  Shellfish License                               2

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           256
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.17 Belhaven (27810)

![](media/image22.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.17.1 Community Description

Belhaven is a predominantly African American community which has seen a
decline in population over the past decade. The community has also
experienced an increase in the unemployment rate and a decrease in the
percentage of the population that is in the labor force. Average
household wage and salary has decreased while there has been a decline
in the number of people who live below the poverty line. There has been
a decrease in the number of people who work in farm, fishing and
forestry sector for both industry and occupation. While there are very
few federally permitted vessels homeported in Belhaven (Table 2.17.3.1)
there were over 100 people employed in fishing related businesses
according to Table 2.17.3.2. There were over 260 commercial fishing
vessels registered with the state from Belhaven and 232 standard
commercial fishing licenses (Table 2.17.3.3).

### 2.17.2 Belhaven Census Demographics

#### 2.17.2.1 Population

Table 2.17.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Belhaven,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2430       2269       1951

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          214        228        161

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          465        374        313

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          97         72         41

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          279        211        125

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          318        334        262

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          214        295        266

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          214        178        229

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          230        228        200

  Persons Age 65+                   .          368        349        354
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.17.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.17.2.2. Housing Tenure for Belhaven, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      31.3       38.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      68.7       62.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.17.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.17.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Belhaven, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      548        122

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1305       1072
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.17.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.17.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Belhaven, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              57.1       45.1

  Percent unemployed                                  5.6        10.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.17.2.5 Race

Table 2.17.2.5. Race for Belhaven, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          1429       1421       1192

  Latino Black Persons              .          39         0          2

  Latino Persons                    .          39         0          53

  White Persons                     .          994        841        699

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          35
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.17.2.6 Education

Table 2.17.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Belhaven, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          473        292        130

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          253        343        283

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          361        438        536

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          142        156        185

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          115        89         148

  Drop outs                         .          17         24         29
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.17.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.17.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Belhaven, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          11428      18331      16674
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          804        811        688

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          151        103        130

  Households with Public Assistance .          152        168        45
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.17.2.8 Industry

Table 2.17.2.8. Employment by Industry for Belhaven, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          59         52         44

  Construction                      .          41         43         80

  Business Services                 .          14         18         30

  Communication/Utilities           .          28         27         8

  Manufacturing                     .          244        188        74

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          78         89         4
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          29         13         212

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          117        246        99

  Transportation                    .          240        175        10
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.17.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.17.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Belhaven, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          97         56               \-

  Clerical                          .          920        89               \-

  Craft                             .          124        90               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          52         65               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          47         46               28

  Household Services                .          11         9                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          145        71               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          91         70               \-

  Service, except Household         .          121        147              \-

  Technical                         .          6          12               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.17.3 Belhaven Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.17.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Belhaven, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             3          3          4          4

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          1          1

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          2          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         2          2          2          2

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.17.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Belhaven,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           88

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           12

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           4

  Total Fishing Employment                        104
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.17.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Belhaven, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          268

  Dealer License                                  16

  Flounder License                                7

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     9

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             232

  Shellfish License                               3

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           535
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.18 Wanchese (27981)

![](media/image23.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.18.1 Community Description

Roanoke Island has a mix of tall, green, piney woods and miles of
sheltered shoreline on the sound side providing a contrast to the open
dunes of the outer islands. Wanchese, one of the island\'s two villages
and is located at the southern end. It is a small, unincorporated
fishing community with docks that provide services to many types of
local and non-local commercial and recreational fishermen. Throughout
the nineteenth century, the commercial industry was able to expanded
owing in part to the first local postmaster, who owned or financed most
of the commercial fishing boats in Wanchese. That individual established
a system of credit for local fishermen at his store where debts were
paid off when fishermen brought in their catches. It was said that at
that time all residents were commercial fishermen (Wilson and McCay
1998).

Wanchese first fish house was established in 1936 by ER (Zeke) Daniels,
the grandfather of the current generation of two fish house owners.
Zeke's son was the first to fish a trawler in Wanchese in the 1950s. He
converted a 65' wooden boat which was primarily used to fish for things
like flounder during the winter time. As mentioned most of their fishing
occurred in the Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds, however there was a
certain amount beach fishing that occurred, targeting species such as
sea mollusks, trout, croaker, spots, striped bass (rock fish) and blue
fish. The sounds provided croakers, butterfish, Spanish mackerel, spots
and pig fishes. At that time, sea bass was the primary species targeted
in the ocean during the winter months of the year. Later a WWI subchaser
was purchased and converted for scalloping (Wilson and McCay 1998).

The largest industrial area in Wanchese is centered round the Wanchese
Seafood Industrial Park. The Park was built to enhance business
opportunities in the seafood and marine trades. It encourages outside as
well as local development in an effort to create a "new day for seafood
and marine commerce."[^23] Between 1978 and 1985 it was reported that
there were nine fish houses in operation in Wanchese. Today, there are
six packing houses all operational and all dealing in many of the same
species, with each house having a slightly different specialty. In the
past all of the houses packed basically the same fish, with flounder
being one of the most prominent species. However, overtime this has
changed as each house has had to specialize in order to remain in
business.

Charter boat fishing has become an increasing popular in Wanchese over
the last 10 years. The number of charter boats has increased and
facilities have been created to handle the increased presence of the for
hire industry. Currently, there are 27 charter boats and 2 head boats
working out of Wanchese. Many of these individuals are from outside the
Wanchese area; however, there are a few local fishermen who have decided
to try the recreational fishing instead of the commercial.

Wanchese has seen an increase in its population over the past decade but
a reduction in the percentage of people in the labor force. Percent of
unemployed has dropped from 8.9 in 1990 to 2.8 in 2000. While average
wage and salary has increased, number of persons below the poverty level
has remained constant. Yet the number of households with public
assistance has gone from a high of 35 in 1990 to none in 2000.
Employment in farm, fishing and forestry rose from 1980 to 1990 but has
seen a decline in the year 2000. There have remained about 30 vessels
with federal permits homeported in the community for the past four years
(Table 2.18.3.1). Employment in fishing related activities reported in
Table 2.18.3.2 indicates 120 people employed in several categories with
56 in fish and seafood, 40 in boatbuilding, 16 in fishing and 8 in
seafood processing. There were 228 commercial vessels registered and
over 200 standard commercial fishing licenses in the community according
to Table 2.18.3.3. There were also 12 dealer licenses and 18 flounder
licenses for Wanchese.

### 2.18.2 Wanchese Census Demographics

#### 2.18.2.1 Population

Table 2.18.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Wanchese,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          1020       1374       1544

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          74         141        100

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          168        249        244

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          39         48         43

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          92         149        80

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          195        253        273

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          115        157        276

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          136        186        262

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          99         92         106

  Persons Age 65+                   .          73         99         160
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.18.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.18.2.2. Housing Tenure for Wanchese, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      27.9       27.7

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      72.1       72.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.18.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.18.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Wanchese, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      342        118

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      672        1100
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.18.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.18.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Wanchese, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              78.1       66.6

  Percent unemployed                                  8.9        2.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.18.2.5 Race

Table 2.18.2.5. Race for Wanchese, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          0          5

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          28

  White Persons                     .          1020       1354       1477

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          21
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.18.2.6 Education

Table 2.18.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Wanchese, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          120        85         48

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          168        172        205

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          205        259        388

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          94         170        221

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          31         61         215

  Drop outs                         .          13         14         0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.18.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.18.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Wanchese, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          13702      25574      39250
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          135        127        125

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          13         12         26

  Households with Public Assistance .          18         35         0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.18.2.8 Industry

Table 2.18.2.8. Employment by Industry for Wanchese, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          86         137        64

  Construction                      .          41         35         77

  Business Services                 .          0          25         8

  Communication/Utilities           .          21         9          10

  Manufacturing                     .          26         66         102

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          16         57         15
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          10         23         302

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          32         184        143

  Transportation                    .          134        179        26
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.18.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.18.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Wanchese, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          62         82               \-

  Clerical                          .          670        70               \-

  Craft                             .          48         88               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          41         65               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          80         131              74

  Household Services                .          0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          24         23               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          35               \-

  Service, except Household         .          54         97               \-

  Technical                         .          7          19               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.18.3 Wanchese Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.18.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Wanchese, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             36         32         32         30

  Commercial King Mackerel            29         23         24         22

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         30         27         25         29

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        10         5          4          4
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          2          2          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             4          7          7          9

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             4          3          3          2

  Swordfish                           1          8          7          9

  Shark                               0          14         8          14

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          1

  Federal Dealers                     4          3          5          4
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.18.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Wanchese,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           16

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           8

  Boat Building                  336612           40

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           56

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        120
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.18.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Wanchese, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          228

  Dealer License                                  12

  Flounder License                                18

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     13

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             201

  Shellfish License                               2

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           474
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.19 Manteo (27954)

![](media/image24.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.19.1 Community Description

Manteo has seen steady population growth with a decline in its African
American population. The percent of the population that is unemployed
has risen over the past ten years while the percent of people in the
labor force has also declined slightly. Average wage and salary has
raised some but, the number of persons living below the poverty line has
increased. There has been a steady decline in the number of individuals
working in the farm, fish and forestry sectors also over the past three
decades. There are only 13 vessels with federal permits homeported in
Wanchese and most of them have coastal pelagic permits (Table 2.19.3.1).
Fishing related employment is highest among the fish and seafood sector
according to Table 2.19.3.2 with 176 persons employed in that sector and
16 in marinas. The state reports over 170 commercially registered
vessels and 142 standard commercial fishing licenses for Wanchese (Table
2.19.3.3).

### 2.19.2 Manteo Census Demographics

#### 2.19.2.1 Population

Table 2.19.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Manteo,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          951        997        1045

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          51         73         104

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          128        88         123

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          24         10         23

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          132        76         66

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          147        215        478

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          75         137        924

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          86         88         125

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          75         94         128

  Persons Age 65+                   .          222        216        184
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.19.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.19.2.2. Housing Tenure for Manteo, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      39.6       46.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      60.4       53.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.19.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.19.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Manteo, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      153        115

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      493        422
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.19.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.19.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Manteo, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              64.6       61.0

  Percent unemployed                                  2.4        5.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.19.2.5 Race

Table 2.19.2.5. Race for Manteo, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          221        133        106

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          1          10         27

  White Persons                     .          730        854        899

  Latino White Persons              .          1          0          9
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.19.2.6 Education

Table 2.19.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Manteo, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          142        52         25

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          112        127        55

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          181        200        217

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          83         200        225

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          87         119        207

  Drop outs                         .          4          10         0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.19.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.19.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Manteo, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$14919    \$25666    \$29803
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          103        104        202

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          34         26         0

  Households with Public Assistance .          55         17         2
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.19.2.8 Industry

Table 2.19.2.8. Employment by Industry for Manteo, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          25         20         14

  Construction                      .          35         48         14

  Business Services                 .          9          27         0

  Communication/Utilities           .          4          21         42

  Manufacturing                     .          18         36         32

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          17         15         7
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          28         26         58

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          55         195        14

  Transportation                    .          75         139        10
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.19.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.19.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Manteo, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          43         73              \-

  Clerical                          .          560        71              \-

  Craft                             .          39         59              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          28         71              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          27         21              17

  Household Services                .          7          2               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          16         23              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          19         14              \-

  Service, except Household         .          57         90              \-

  Technical                         .          12         4               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 2.19.3 Manteo Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.19.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Manteo, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             23         15         16         13

  Commercial King Mackerel            18         13         15         13

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         14         10         8          9

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        13         7          9          9
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        6          3          4          4
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             3          2          2          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          1          1          1

  Swordfish                           0          3          2          2

  Shark                               0          4          2          3

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.19.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Manteo,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           8

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           176

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           16

  Total Fishing Employment                        200
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.19.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Manteo, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          171

  Dealer License                                  9

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     3

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             142

  Shellfish License                               4

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           329
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.20 Ocracoke (27960)

![](media/image25.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.20.1 Community Description

Ocracoke is the first island on the southern part of the outer banks. It
is only accessible by ferry. Despite its being so isolated, it is rather
progressive according to some, yet mostly undeveloped; much of the
island consists of the state park. Most residents are year-round and
there seems to be a strong sense of community among the locals. The
commercial fishing industry has disappeared, though there is one small
fish house with two inshore and one off-shore fisherman working there.
Tourism has been growing, as has the charter industry. There are three
to four offshore charter boats, four or five inshore charters and one
head boat. About three offshore commercial boats homeport there, with
about 20 people claiming to be commercial fishermen on the island;
although many of the fishermen have two or three different jobs. The
major development boom started about six years ago and since then
property values have skyrocketed. There are 12 to 15 seafood restaurants
in and around the community.[^24]

Many individuals in this region and along the sound fish on the beach
with nets or harvest shellfish; there is one shrimp trawler on the
island. Ocracoke was never considered a full-fledged commercial fishing
community according to some. There was no way to get the harvest off the
island other than making the long trip to the mainland. The island has
always been mostly tourist oriented.

Cedar Island has historically been a fishing community according those
interviewed. There are three small fish houses in the community and most
vessels are small as most fish inshore primarily for shrimp, crab and
flounder. Pound netting is a historic method of fishing that is still
practiced here. Territory now leased from the state was once claimed by
local families who would fish specific locations. Today, many fishermen
also work on the ferry or dredges to supplement their income.

Ocracoke was only recently designated a census place so comparison of
previous census data can not be made. There are only 4 vessels that
claim Ocracoke as homeport with federal permits. Fishing related
employment is also very sparse as only 12 persons are reported as
working in various sectors of fishing, fish and seafood, and marinas
according to Table 2.20.3.2. There were however 107 commercial vessels
registered by the state on the island and 74 standard commercial fishing
licenses (Table 2.20.3.3).

### 2.20.2 Ocracoke Census Demographics

#### 2.20.2.1 Population

Table 2.20.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Ocracoke,
North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .                     730

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .                     26

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .                     49

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .                     12

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .                     58

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .                     73

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .                     122

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .                     122

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .                     134

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .                     134
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.20.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.20.2.2. Housing Tenure for Ocracoke, North Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      \-         18.1

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      \-         81.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.20.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.20.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Ocracoke, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      \-         18

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      \-         492
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.20.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.20.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Ocracoke, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              \-         54.7

  Percent unemployed                                  \-         2.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.20.2.5 Race

Table 2.20.2.5. Race for Ocracoke, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .                     13

  Latino Black Persons              .          .                     0

  Latino Persons                    .          .                     15

  White Persons                     .          .                     732

  Latino White Persons              .          .                     7
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.20.2.6 Education

Table 2.20.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Ocracoke, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .                     21

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .                     62

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .                     208

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .                     108

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .                     186

  Drop outs                         .          .                     0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.20.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.10.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Ocracoke, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          .                     34315
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .                     68

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .                     14

  Households with Public Assistance .          .                     20
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.20.2.8 Industry

Table 2.20.2.8. Employment by Industry for Ocracoke, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .                     13

  Construction                      .          .                     14

  Business Services                 .          .                     16

  Communication/Utilities           .          .                     7

  Manufacturing                     .          .                     33

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .                     10
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .                     102

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .                     116

  Transportation                               .                     37
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.20.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.20.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Ocracoke, North Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**      **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          .                        \-

  Clerical                          .          .                        \-

  Craft                             .          .                        \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          .                        \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          .                        13

  Household Services                .          .                        \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          .                        \-

  Operative/Transport               .          .                        \-

  Service, except Household         .          .                        \-

  Technical                         .          .                        \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -- ---------- ----------

###  2.20.3 Ocracoke Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.20.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Ocracoke, North
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             8          7          4          4

  Commercial King Mackerel            7          6          4          4

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         8          6          2          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        7          6          4          4
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        4          4          2          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          1          0          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.20.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Ocracoke,
North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           4

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           4

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           4

  Total Fishing Employment                        12
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.20.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Ocracoke, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          107

  Dealer License                                  14

  Flounder License                                1

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     3

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             74

  Shellfish License                               12

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           211
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.21 Elizabeth City (27909)

![](media/image26.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 2.21.1 Community Description

Elizabeth City has seen substantial population growth in the past decade
with most of the growth among African Americans, but has also
experienced a significant rise in unemployment. The percentage of
population in the work force has risen slightly as has the number of
people living below the poverty line. There are no federally permitted
vessels that claim Elizabeth City as homeport (Table 2.21.3.1). However,
there are 56 persons employed in the fish and seafood sector of fishing
related employment reported in Table 2.21.3.2. There were 135 commercial
vessels registered with the state and 114 standard commercial licenses
reported in Table 2.21.3.3.

### 2.21.2 Elizabeth City Census Demographics

#### 2.21.2.1 Population

Table 2.21.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Elizabeth
City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     13903      14004      14279      17285

  Persons Age 0-5                   967        880        1316       1428

  Persons Age 6-15                  2769       1880       1919       2474

  Persons Age 16-17                 608        417        416        513

  Persons Age 18-24                 1488       2628       2056       2739

  Persons Age 25-34                 1314       1891       2165       2049

  Persons Age 35-44                 1451       1141       1622       2371

  Persons Age 45-54                 1776       1362       1082       1761

  Persons Age 55-64                 1505       1484       1196       1287

  Persons Age 65+                   1786       2131       2507       2663
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.21.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 2.21.2.2. Housing Tenure for Elizabeth City, North Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      50.5       50.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      49.5       49.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.21.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 2.21.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Elizabeth City, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      3021       842

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      6487       7755
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.21.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 2.21.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Elizabeth City, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              53.0       58.2

  Percent unemployed                                  2.9        15.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 2.21.2.5 Race

Table 2.21.2.5. Race for Elizabeth City, North Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     5274       6446       7500       9692

  Latino Black Persons              21         95         5          37

  Latino Persons                    21         144        71         258

  White Persons                     8546       7448       6739       6813

  Latino White Persons              0          41         61         104
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.21.2.6 Education

Table 2.21.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Elizabeth City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        2919       2301       1534       896

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       1896       1555       1541       1568

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 1348       1634       2109       2877

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     760        1208       1645       2240

  25+ w/ College Degree             909        1311       1273       2388

  Drop outs                         246        142        94         162
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.21.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 2.21.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Elizabeth City, North Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6494     \$13816    \$21638    \$24193
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       3600       2721       3643       4318

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       681        505        484        570

  Households with Public Assistance 273        536        777        559
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.21.2.8 Industry

Table 2.21.2.8. Employment by Industry for Elizabeth City, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      81         88         96         136

  Construction                      261        351        353        425

  Business Services                 71         105        134        251

  Communication/Utilities           197        218        155        222

  Manufacturing                     892        655        616        579

  Financial, Insurance & Real       498        455        347        229
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          140        196        190        3085

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            1821       869        1880       1294

  Transportation                    1148       1046       1229       141
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 2.21.2.9 Occupation

Table 2.21.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Elizabeth City, North
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             402        432        611              \-

  Clerical                          656        6650       614              \-

  Craft                             731        629        675              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   333        518        466              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  54         95         73               65

  Household Services                321        69         43               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   270        376        294              \-

  Operative/Transport               644        328        302              \-

  Service, except Household         967        920        962              \-

  Technical                         44         117        143              \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 2.21.3 Elizabeth City Fishing Demographics

**Table 2.21.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Elizabeth City,
North Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             0          0          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 2.21.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Elizabeth
City, North Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           8

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           56

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           8

  Total Fishing Employment                        72
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 2.21.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Elizabeth City, North
Carolina (Source: NCDMF 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Permits**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          135

  Dealer License                                  13

  Flounder License                                0

  Land or Sell License                            0

  Non-resident Menhaden License                   0

  Ocean Fishing Pier License                      0

  Spotter Plane License                           0

  Retired Standard Commercial Fishing License     6

  Standard Commercial Fishing License             114

  Shellfish License                               3

  Recreational Fishing Tournament to Sell License 0

  Total                                           271
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 2.22 North Carolina Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization

The following tables provide a general view of the presence or absence
of fishing infrastructure located within the coastal communities of
North Carolina with substantial fishing activity. It should be noted
that there are many other attributes that might have been included in
this table, however, because of inconsistency in rapid appraisal for all
communities, these items were selected as the most consistently reported
or had secondary data available to determine presence or absence. It
should also be noted that in some cases certain infrastructure may exist
within a community but was not readily apparent or could not be
ascertained through secondary data. Table 2.22.1 offers an overview of
the presence of the selected infrastructure items and provides an
overall total score which is merely the total of infrastructure present.

**Table 2.22.1. Fishing Infrastructure Table for North Carolina
Potential Fishing Communities**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 26%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Community</strong></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Commercial Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>State Commercial Licenses (10+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Charter Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood Landings</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood retail markets</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Fish processors, Wholesale fish house</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational docks / marinas</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational Fishing Tournaments</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Varnamtown</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Southport</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Bald Head Island</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Carolina Beach</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wilmington</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wrightsville Beach</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Topsail Beach/Surf City</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Sneads Ferry</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Swansboro</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Atlantic Beach</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Morehead City</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beaufort</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Harker’s Island</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hatteras</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oriental</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vandemere/Mesic</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Bath</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Belhaven</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wanchese</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Manteo</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ocracoke</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Elizabeth City</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

In providing a preliminary characterization of potential fishing
communities in Table 2.22.2, we have provided a grouping of communities
that seem to have more involvement in various fishing enterprises and
therefore are classified as primarily involved. These communities seem
to have considerable fishing infrastructure, but also appear to have a
history and culture surrounding both commercial and recreational fishing
that contributes to an appearance and perception of being a fishing
community in the mind of residents and others. The communities of
Wilmington and Wrightsville Beach, which have considerable fishing
infrastructure but are listed in secondarily involved are placed in that
category largely because these two communities are located in a more
metropolitan area that has a very diversified economy and while there
seems to be an emphasis upon fishing, it is most likely that fishing has
a small role in the overall economy and culture of the area. Others like
Elizabeth City has a large processor located in the community, but may
lack other components that are considered part of fishing culture or
history. Many of these communities are in transition due to various
social and demographic changes from coastal development, growing
populations, changing regulations, etc. This preliminary
characterization is just that and should not be considered a definite
designation as fishing community, but a general guide for locating
communities that may warrant consideration as a potential fishing
community. Furthermore communities are not ranked in any particular
order, this is merely a categorization.

Table 2.22.2 Preliminary Characterization of Potential Fishing
Communities in North Carolina

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Primarily-Involved**              **Secondarily-Involved**

  Southport                           Varnamtown

  Carolina Beach                      Bald Head Island

  Sneads Ferry                        Wilmington

  Swansboro                           Wrightsville Beach

  Morehead City                       Topsail Beach/Surf City

  Beaufort                            Atlantic Beach

  Hatteras                            Oriental

  Wanchese                            Vandemere/Mesic

  Manteo                              Bath

  Harker's Island                     Belhaven

                                      Ocracoke

                                      Elizabeth City
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

## 3.0 South Carolina Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity

![](media/image27.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

**Figure 3.1 Potential Fishing Communities of South Carolina.**

South Carolina landed over 14 and over 13 million pounds of seafood in
2001 and 2002 respectively. The value of those landings was over 23
million dollars in 2001 and over 20 million dollars in 2002. No South
Carolina port was listed in the top 50 U.S. ports in terms of pounds
landed or in terms of value of landings. According to NMFS (2002) South
Carolina recreational fishermen landed over 3 million pounds of finfish
in 2001 and in 2002 that number dropped to just less than 2 million
pounds. There were three processors in South Carolina for 2001 with a
total of 28 employees. The number of wholesale dealers was not listed in
the report under South Carolina, but was combined under Inland States.
In the years 2001 and 2002, South Carolina did have approximately 520
and 556 registered vessels respectively.

Since 1998, South Carolina has had a high of 132 vessels with federal
permits, now down to 113 in 2001 (Table 3.1.1). Most vessels with
federal permits had either king or Spanish mackerel with snapper grouper
class 1 permits being the next most common.

**Table 3.1.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for South Carolina
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             127        132        121        113

  Commercial King Mackerel            60         68         64         65

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         47         36         15         19

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            4          3          4          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        36         36         33         37
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        41         41         36         44
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             66         89         72         86

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             11         14         8          9

  Swordfish                           7          3          3          2

  Shark                               65         21         15         19

  Rock Shrimp                         12         12         12         14
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

South Carolina requires licenses for both recreational and commercial
fishing, including the sale of seafood and other marine products. The
table below lists commercial licenses only (Table 3.1.2). The majority
of South Carolina state permits are saltwater licenses and trawler
licenses. The next most common are crab pots, bait dealer and shellfish
licenses.

Table 3.1.2. Number of State Permits by Type for South Carolina. (Source
South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  42

  Channel Net                                  8

  Crab Pots                                    73

  Drag Dredge                                  5

  Gill Net                                     14

  Hand Held Equipment                          45

  Herring Net                                  26

  Mechanical Equipment                         5

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     5

  Other Equipment                              17

  Peeler Crab Permit                           19

  Saltwater License                            187

  Seine Net                                    6

  Shad Net                                     34

  Shellfish Dealer                             21

  Shellfish License                            40

  Trawler License                              167

  Trotlines                                    15

  Wholesale Dealer                             58

  Total                                        787
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

A map for each community is provided which displays federal dealers and
a symbol indicating the number of federal permits by zipcode. The
zipcode area name is displayed in light blue while the CDP name is in
black. The symbol for permits is centered within the zipcode area and
does not represent the precise location of any permit holder. Dealer
permits are displayed near their physical location.

![](media/image28.png){width="6.263888888888889in"
height="8.11736111111111in"}

## 3.1 Hilton Head Island (29926, 29928)

![](media/image29.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.1.1 Community Description

Hilton Head has seen steady population growth since 1980 and has tripled
in size in 2000. While average wage and salary have also tripled over
that time period and unemployment has remained low, the number of people
living under the poverty level has also risen noticeably. There were at
one time hundreds of persons employed in the farm, fish and forestry
categories for occupation and industry. Recently, however, those numbers
have dropped significantly. There are relatively few federally permitted
vessels homeported at Hilton Head (Table3.1.3.1) and most employment in
fishing related business is in marinas sector according to Table
3.1.3.2. There were 46 total state permits for Hilton Head and 22 of
those were Saltwater licenses and 12 trawler licenses (Table 3.1.3.3).
Nearby Bluffton had 68 state permits with 26 of those being saltwater
licenses and 20 trawler licenses and 6 wholesale dealers (Table
3.1.3.4).

### 3.1.2 Hilton Head Census Demographics

#### 3.1.2.1 Population

Table 3.1.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Hilton Head
Island, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          11344      23694      33,775

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          619        1636       1843

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          1287       2191       3328

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          323        419        595

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          1191       1845       2370

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          1968       4032       3986

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          1209       3288       2231

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          962        2428       4540

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          1885       3061       4558

  Persons Age 65+                   .          1782       4794       8098
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.1.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.1.2.2. Housing Tenure for Hilton Head, South Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      35.3       22.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      64.7       77.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.1.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.1.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Hilton Head, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      4996       5864

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      7662       14712
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.1.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Hilton Head, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              61.0       55.5

  Percent unemployed                                  2.8        1.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.1.2.5 Race

Table 3.1.2.5. Race for Hilton Head Island, South Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          1647       2318       2758

  Latino Black Persons              .          10         11         39

  Latino Persons                    .          86         246        3886

  White Persons                     .          9659       21207      26752

  Latino White Persons              .          76         174        2141
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.1.2.6 Education

Table 3.1.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Hilton Head Island, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          441        291        594

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          361        792        1252

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          1855       3394       4651

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          1815       4533       5590

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          3334       7485       13464

  Drop outs                         .          60         78         88
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.1.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.1.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Hilton Head Island, 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$20858    \$42896    \$60438
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          758        1662       2442

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          79         279        215

  Households with Public Assistance .          165        228        176
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.1.2.8 Industry

Table 3.1.2.8. Employment by Industry for Hilton Head Island, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          158        216        41

  Construction                      .          607        923        2459

  Business Services                 .          293        644        994

  Communication/Utilities           .          104        236        548

  Manufacturing                     .          290        621        593

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          85         240        1606
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          681        1693       5914

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          1139       4676       4309

  Transportation                    .          1335       2993       226
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.1.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.1.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Hilton Head Island, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          728        2477              \-

  Clerical                          .          7870       1366              \-

  Craft                             .          462        1076              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          965        2148              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          114        165               58

  Household Services                .          59         70                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          174        216               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          49         200               \-

  Service, except Household         .          947        1921              \-

  Technical                         .          119        295               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 3.1.3 Hilton Head Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.1.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Hilton Head
Island, South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          2          2          3

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          1          2

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          1          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          1          1          1
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          1          1          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          1          1          2

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          1          1          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.1.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Hilton Head
Island, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           3

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           13

  Total Fishing Employment                        19
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.1.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Hilton Head, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    5

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          2

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            22

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            1

  Trawler License                              12

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             4

  Total                                        46
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

Table 3.1.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Bluffton, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    6

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          4

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            26

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     1

  Shellfish Dealer                             2

  Shellfish License                            0

  Trawler License                              20

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             6

  Total                                        68
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.2 Beaufort/Port Royal (29935)

![](media/image30.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.2.1 Community Description

The town of Beaufort was incorporated in 1711 and is the second oldest
town in South Carolina. Both Beaufort County and the town of Beaufort
were named for Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort (1684-1714), who was one
of the Lords Proprietors of Carolina.[^25] Beaufort County was
incorporated in 1785 and about 1800, it began to enter more prosperous
times when rice, cotton and indigo plantations were abundant. Beaufort
is the county seat and located on Port Royal Island. In 1874, the town
of Port Royal was incorporated and is one of the large Sea Islands along
the southeast Atlantic coast of the United States. The seaport of
Beaufort is located at the head of one of the largest natural harbors on
the Atlantic coast. Shrimping, fishing and crabbing are of major
importance to these areas. They have been a part of their history since
their settlement and the local economies continue to be dependent on
them. Today, the entire area of downtown Beaufort is designated as a
historic district.[^26] Every October in Port Royal there is an annual
Shrimp Festival where the local maritime history is intertwined with the
tourism industry. Local shrimpers share their history and recipes with
tourists.[^27]

Port Royal has seen its population fluctuate over the past three decades
and is at a high of 4022 in 2000. The percent of unemployed persons had
risen in the last decade to 9.0%. Average wage and salary have also
grown but persons below the poverty level has remained about the same.
Persons employed in farm, fish and forestry has also fluctuated over the
years. Port Royal has no federally permitted vessels claiming it as
homeport (Table 3.2.3.1). There are a 15 persons employed in the fish
and seafood sector according to Table 3.2.3.2. There are only 7 state
permits in Port Royal (Table 3.2.3.3), while in near by St. Helena there
are over 200 with 78 saltwater licenses, 46 trawler licenses and 9
wholesale dealers (Table 3.2.3.4). Beaufort which is also nearby had 156
total state licenses with 58 saltwater licenses and 28 trawler licenses
(Table 3.2.3.5).

### **[3.2.2 Port Royal Census Demographics]{.underline}**

#### 3.2.2.1 Population

Table 3.2.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Port Royal,
South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     2865       3004       2985       4022

  Persons Age 0-5                   333        270        369        452

  Persons Age 6-15                  582        431        394        487

  Persons Age 16-17                 122        102        107        71

  Persons Age 18-24                 625        686        423        684

  Persons Age 25-34                 428        651        696        840

  Persons Age 35-44                 233        228        390        243

  Persons Age 45-54                 230        196        164        399

  Persons Age 55-64                 154        224        170        249

  Persons Age 65+                   143        185        272        370
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.2.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.2.2.2. Housing Tenure for Port Royal, South Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      58.3       54.5

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      41.7       45.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.2.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.2.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Port Royal, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      485        794

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      968        1,285
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.2.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.2.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Port Royal, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              70.6       73.1

  Percent unemployed                                  6.6        9.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.2.2.5 Race

Table 3.2.2.5. Race for Port Royal, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     611        860        1012       1140

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          33         12

  Latino Persons                    21         48         111        169

  White Persons                     2229       2055       1899       2475

  Latino White Persons              21         44         66         60
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.2.2.6 Education

Table 3.2.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Port Royal, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        328        215        114        120

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       306        153        237        152

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 353        540        594        606

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     97         249        335        679

  25+ w/ College Degree             104        327        272        736

  Drop outs                         114        22         38         35
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.2.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.2.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Port Royal, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     6132       13607      26346      36599
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       568        396        402        391

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       46         54         31         69

  Households with Public Assistance 20         52         123        6
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.2.2.8 Industry

Table 3.2.2.8. Employment by Industry for Port Royal, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      26         35         18         31

  Construction                      21         113        64         189

  Business Services                 39         9          48         73

  Communication/Utilities           9          39         35         50

  Manufacturing                     84         57         123        60

  Financial, Insurance & Real       18         12         76         159
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          23         71         84         865

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            234        125        414        402

  Transportation                    182        188        321        13
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.2.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.2.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Port Royal, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             33         106        122              \-

  Clerical                          113        1710       161              \-

  Craft                             114        137        162              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   60         95         161              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  0          33         10               24

  Household Services                34         0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   57         45         45               \-

  Operative/Transport               124        14         50               \-

  Service, except Household         124        161        261              \-

  Technical                         0          12         39               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 3.2.3 Port Royal Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.2.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Port Royal, South
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             1          1          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.2.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Port Royal,
South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           15

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           3

  Total Fishing Employment                        18
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.2.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Port Royal, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    1

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          0

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Misc Pots/Traps                              0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            3

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            0

  Trawler License                              3

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             0

  Total                                        7
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

Table 3.2.3.4. Number of State Permits by Type for St. Helena Island,
South Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries,
2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  2

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    33

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     3

  Hand Held Equipment                          18

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Misc Pots/Traps                              0

  Other Equipment                              1

  Peeler Crab Permit                           2

  Saltwater License                            78

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             2

  Shellfish License                            14

  Trawler License                              46

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             9

  Total                                        208
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

Table 3.2.3.5. Number of State Permits by Type for Beaufort, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  4

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    30

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          12

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              6

  Peeler Crab Permit                           1

  Saltwater License                            58

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             2

  Shellfish License                            7

  Trawler License                              28

  Trotlines                                    2

  Wholesale Dealer                             6

  Total                                        156
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.3 Edisto Beach (29438)

![](media/image31.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.3.1 Community Description

Edisto Beach is a small beach community that has seen steady population
growth over the past thirty years. It has only about half of its
population in the work force and unemployment has been and remains low.
Average wage and salary have jumped significantly in the last decade and
the number of persons below the poverty level has risen only slightly.
The number of persons employed in farm, fish and forestry has been few,
but fluctuates over time. There are no federally permitted vessels
homeported in Edisto Beach (Table 3.3.3.1) and only 3 persons employed
in fish and seafood according to Table 3.3.3.2. There are 52 state
permits in the community with 18 of those being saltwater licenses and
10 trawler licenses (Table 3.3.3.3).

### 3.3.2 Edisto Beach Census Demographics

#### 3.3.2.1 Population

Table 3.3.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Edisto
Beach, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          182        342        649

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          0          4          8

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          17         25         28

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          7          3          3

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          16         10         38

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          23         26         44

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          20         33         28

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          18         27         123

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          39         91         144

  Persons Age 65+                   .          42         123        214
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.3.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.3.2.2. Housing Tenure for Edisto Beach, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      15.5       14.9

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      84.5       85.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.3.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.3.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Edisto Beach, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      9          67

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      190        290
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.3.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Edisto Beach, North
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              40.3       47.5

  Percent unemployed                                  0.0        2.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.3.2.5 Race

Table 3.3.2.5. Race for Edisto Beach, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          0          17

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          1

  Latino Persons                    .          0          0          2

  White Persons                     .          182        342        613

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.3.2.6 Education

Table 3.3.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Edisto Beach, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          6          0          15

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          17         33         24

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          37         79         118

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          40         67         122

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          42         102        293

  Drop outs                         .          0          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.3.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.3.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Edisto Beach, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$25443    \$27617    \$54444
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          0          15         23

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          0          3          6

  Households with Public Assistance .          3          3          1
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.3.2.8 Industry

Table 3.3.2.8. Employment by Industry for Edisto Beach, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          8          2          4

  Construction                      .          3          4          13

  Business Services                 .          13         5          13

  Communication/Utilities           .          3          0          6

  Manufacturing                     .          5          3          21

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          5          0          39
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          25         18         132

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          30         51         64

  Transportation                    .          11         33         12
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.3.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.3.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Edisto Island, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          33         30              \-

  Clerical                          .          190        23              \-

  Craft                             .          11         10              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          8          31              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          3          0               9

  Household Services                .          0          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          3          0               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          3               \-

  Service, except Household         .          11         9               \-

  Technical                         .          0          4               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 3.3.3 Edisto Island Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.3.3.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Edisto Island,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             1          0          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.3.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Edisto
Island, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        3
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.3.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Edisto Island, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  1

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    7

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          6

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Misc Pots/Traps                              0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            18

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             2

  Shellfish License                            2

  Trawler License                              10

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             6

  Total                                        52
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.4 Seabrook Island (29455)

![](media/image32.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.4.1 Community Description

Seabrook has seen some population growth since 1990 with a total
population of 1203 in 2000. Most of households are owner occupied which
has increased over the past ten years. Unemployment has decreased to 2.3
percent in 200 while the percent of the population in the labor force
has dropped from 46.9 percent in 1990 to 40.6 percent in 2000. Average
wage and salary has risen slightly while number of persons living under
the poverty line has decreased. Employment in farm, fish and forestry
occupation and industry has dropped over the past ten years to only 3
persons in the industry category. There is only one federally permitted
vessel that claims Seabrook as a homeport (Table 3.4.3.1). All of the
employment in fishing related sectors is in marinas according to Table
3.4.3.2. There were no state permits for the community of Seabrook, but
the nearby community of Wadmalaw Island did have 21 permits with 10
being saltwater licenses and 2 wholesale dealers (Table 3.4.3.3).

### 3.4.2 Seabrook Census Demographics

#### 3.4.2.1 Population

Table 3.4.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Seabrook
Island, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .          931        1203

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .          26         24

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .          77         20

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .          23         13

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .          43         36

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .          42         80

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .          79         48

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .          132        197

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .          189        310

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .          320        437
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.4.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.4.2.2. Housing Tenure for Seabrook Island, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      21.5       7.9

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      78.5       92.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.4.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.4.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Seabrook Island, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      112        224

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      307        472
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.4.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.4.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Seabrook Island, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              46.9       40.6

  Percent unemployed                                  6.2        2.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.4.2.5 Race

Table 3.4.2.5. Race for Seabrook Island, South Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .          0          18

  Latino Black Persons              .          .          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          .          2          11

  White Persons                     .          .          928        1203

  Latino White Persons              .          .          2          10
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.4.2.6 Education

Table 3.4.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Seabrook Island, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .          8          0

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .          5          6

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .          91         137

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .          159        153

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .          432        810

  Drop outs                         .          .          0          4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.4.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.4.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Seabrook Island, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          .          62628      66548
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .          31         46

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .          6          20

  Households with Public Assistance .          .          6          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.4.2.8 Industry

Table 3.4.2.8. Employment by Industry for Seabrook Island, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .          9          3

  Construction                      .          .          16         21

  Business Services                 .          .          13         55

  Communication/Utilities           .          .          6          10

  Manufacturing                     .          .          14         6

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .          7          80
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .          78         209

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .          107        129

  Transportation                    .          .          70         7
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.4.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.4.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Seabrook Island, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          .          90              \-

  Clerical                          .          .          43              \-

  Craft                             .          .          8               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          .          99              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          .          14              0

  Household Services                .          .          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          .          0               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          .          0               \-

  Service, except Household         .          .          21              \-

  Technical                         .          .          5               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 3.4.3 Seabrook Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.4.3.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Seabrook Island,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          1          2          1

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             2          1          2          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           1          1          1          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.4.3.1. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Seabrook
Island, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           31

  Total Fishing Employment                        31
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.4.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Wadmalaw Island,
South Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries,
2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    4

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          0

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            10

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            0

  Trawler License                              5

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             2

  Total                                        21
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

##  3.5 Mt. Pleasant (29464)

![](media/image33.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.5.1 Community Description

The first inhabitants of the Mount Pleasant area were the Sewee Indians.
The first English settlers arrived around 1680 under the leadership of
Captain Florentia O' Sullivan. He had been granted 2,340 acres and each
time a new family arrived, they were allotted several hundred acres. The
first small settlement of the area was the village of Greenwich, which
was adjacent to Jacob Motte's "Mount Pleasant" estate. Motte's estate
was purchased in 1803 and divided into 35 large lots. In 1837, the
village of Greenwich was merged with Mount Pleasant. Many of the
families in this area had timber concerns and some maintained the
ferries.

Mount Pleasant also played a leading role in the first major military
engagement of the Revolutionary War in 1775. After the war, the area was
known as a resort town with many stores and rentals available. The area
is still widely known as a vacation area and "model town" in South
Carolina.[^28]

Mount Pleasant has seen its population double every ten years from 1970
to 1990 and now has reached a high of 47,386 in 2000. The number of
persons in the labor force has dropped slightly to 69.9 percent while
percent unemployed has remained fairly low at 2.2 percent. Average wage
and salary has risen substantially but so has the number of persons
living below the poverty level. While there was a significant jump in
the number of persons working in farm, fish and forestry in 1990, that
number dropped significantly in 2000. While there are only 6 vessels
with federal permits homeported in Mount Pleasant (Table 3.5.3.1), there
are 12 persons listed as fishing and 28 persons employed in fish and
seafood and markets (Table 3.5.3.2). There are 170 state permits in Mt.
Pleasant with 57 saltwater licenses (Table 3.5.3.3). There were 23
trawler licenses and 11 wholesale dealer licenses.

### 3.5.2 Mount Pleasant Census Demographics

#### 3.5.2.1 Population

Table 3.5.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Mount
Pleasant, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     6172       13838      30108      47386

  Persons Age 0-5                   513        1089       2706       4309

  Persons Age 6-15                  1473       2183       4060       6499

  Persons Age 16-17                 266        489        571        1061

  Persons Age 18-24                 594        1479       2704       3087

  Persons Age 25-34                 809        3267       6690       7757

  Persons Age 35-44                 805        1862       5872       4676

  Persons Age 45-54                 771        1179       2690       7122

  Persons Age 55-64                 447        1241       2039       3935

  Persons Age 65+                   384        861        2776       4773
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.5.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.5.2.2. Housing Tenure for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      37.9       26.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      62.1       74.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.5.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.5.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Mount Pleasant, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      8729       11501

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      10092      18087
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.5.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.5.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Mount Pleasant, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              74.5       69.9

  Percent unemployed                                  2.0        2.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.5.2.5 Race

Table 3.5.2.5. Race for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     779        991        2754       3445

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          17         8

  Latino Persons                    40         124        373        635

  White Persons                     5389       12723      27096      42515

  Latino White Persons              40         124        335        413
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.5.2.6 Education

Table 3.5.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        494        611        630        453

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       555        865        1325       1408

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 1181       2037       3549       4571

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     545        1923       4596       6386

  25+ w/ College Degree             441        2974       8378       19537

  Drop outs                         98         60         69         75
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.5.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.5.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$10501    \$22344    \$41109    \$61054
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       660        925        1724       2335

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       73         116        207        277

  Households with Public Assistance 66         143        330        154
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.5.2.8 Industry

Table 3.5.2.8. Employment by Industry for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      14         60         245        81

  Construction                      187        418        1400       1565

  Business Services                 21         187        607        2189

  Communication/Utilities           159        244        394        681

  Manufacturing                     468        933        1549       1816

  Financial, Insurance & Real       372        569        932        2025
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          138        507        1436       15121

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            526        1350       6669       5534

  Transportation                    509        1383       3208       1008
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.5.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.5.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Mount Pleasant, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             213        843        2703              \-

  Clerical                          452        12500      2043              \-

  Craft                             449        659        1543              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   284        1006       2910              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  0          81         162               72

  Household Services                36         105        54                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   40         187        351               \-

  Operative/Transport               182        235        323               \-

  Service, except Household         186        600        1394              \-

  Technical                         19         400        853               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 3.5.3 Mount Pleasant Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.5.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Mount Pleasant,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             7          8          8          6

  Commercial King Mackerel            2          4          4          3

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         2          3          2          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        2          2          2          2
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        2          2          3          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          3          1          2

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          2          1          1

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          1          1          1

  Rock Shrimp                         3          2          2          2

  Federal Dealers                     5          4          4          3
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.5.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Mount
Pleasant, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           12

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           7

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           10

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           18

  Marinas                        713930           17

  Total Fishing Employment                        64
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.5.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Mount Pleasant, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  3

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    24

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          19

  Herring Net                                  1

  Mechanical Equipment                         2

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     1

  Other Equipment                              1

  Peeler Crab Permit                           1

  Saltwater License                            57

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     1

  Shellfish Dealer                             2

  Shellfish License                            15

  Trawler License                              23

  Trotlines                                    1

  Wholesale Dealer                             11

  Total                                        170
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.6 Isle of Palms (29451)

![](media/image34.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.6.1 Community Description

Isle of Palms has seen little population growth over the past several
decades. The percent of the population in the labor force has dropped
slightly to 63.1 percent and unemployment is down to 1.3 percent in
2000. Average wage and salary has almost doubled every ten years since
1970 to a high of \$76,170 in 2000. The number of persons below the
poverty level dropped dramatically in 1990 but has since risen to 156.
The number of persons in farm, fish, and forestry occupations and the
industry has dropped steadily over the years. There are no vessels with
federal permits that call Isle of Palms homeport (Table 3.6.3.1) and
almost all employment in fishing related businesses is in marinas with
18 and 3 persons in fish and seafood markets. There were a total of 20
state permits according to Table 3.6.3.3 and 7 of those were saltwater
licenses and 6 were shellfish.

### 3.6.2 Isle of Palms Census Demographics

#### 3.6.2.1 Population

Table 3.6.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Isle of
Palms, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     2657       3421       3682       4583

  Persons Age 0-5                   268        165        203        264

  Persons Age 6-15                  653        489        450        499

  Persons Age 16-17                 57         118        102        114

  Persons Age 18-24                 270        419        223        231

  Persons Age 25-34                 547        765        476        489

  Persons Age 35-44                 263        466        735        364

  Persons Age 45-54                 337        339        572        907

  Persons Age 55-64                 122        382        468        696

  Persons Age 65+                   82         244        453        698
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.6.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.6.2.2. Housing Tenure for Isle of Palms, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      20.9       19.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      70.6       80.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.6.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.6.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Isle of Palms, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      802        809

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1520       2214
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.6.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.6.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Isle of Palms, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              72.2       63.1

  Percent unemployed                                  4.6        1.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.6.2.5 Race

Table 3.6.2.5. Race for Isle of Palms, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     0          0          0          16

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    0          24         11         55

  White Persons                     2657       3416       3671       4458

  Latino White Persons              0          19         11         44
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.6.2.6 Education

Table 3.6.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Isle of Palms, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        95         72         38         17

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       231        155        178        91

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 454        594        479        363

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     311        547        656        720

  25+ w/ College Degree             260        828        1155       2284

  Drop outs                         43         7          0          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.6.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.6.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Isle of Palms, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$10772    \$21527    \$40083    \$76170
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       199        250        76         156

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       20         18         0          7

  Households with Public Assistance 12         16         12         17
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.6.2.8 Industry

Table 3.6.2.8. Employment by Industry for Isle of Palms, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      8          11         8          2

  Construction                      80         137        254        195

  Business Services                 43         61         95         208

  Communication/Utilities           66         82         127        73

  Manufacturing                     282        209        170        161

  Financial, Insurance & Real       212        144        131        259
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          63         108        188        1350

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            307        324        762        507

  Transportation                    185        343        359        54
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.6.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.6.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Isle of Palms, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             111        228        413              \-

  Clerical                          244        2800       210              \-

  Craft                             155        220        239              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   135        232        432              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  4          11         26               0

  Household Services                0          0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   11         45         54               \-

  Operative/Transport               50         18         10               \-

  Service, except Household         81         151        132              \-

  Technical                         42         72         66               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

###  3.6.3 Isle of Palms Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.6.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Isle of Palms,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             0          0          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.6.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Isle of
Palms, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           3

  Marinas                        713930           18

  Total Fishing Employment                        21
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.6.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Isle of Palms, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    0

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          6

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            7

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            6

  Trawler License                              1

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             0

  Total                                        20
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

##  3.7 McClellanville (29458)

![](media/image35.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.7.1 Community Description

The population of McClellanville dropped in the 1990 census but has
since increased again in 2000 to 459. The percent of the population that
is unemployed has remained very low while the percent of population in
the work force has dropped from 64.3 percent to 56.9. Average wage and
salary have grown, but so has the number of persons living below the
poverty level. The number of persons employed in farm, fish, and
forestry occupations has remained fairly constant over the past three
decades. There are 4 vessels with federal permits homeported in
McClellanville and all four have rock shrimp permits (Table 3.7.3.1).
All employment in fishing related business is in fish and seafood
according to Table 3.7.3.2. There are 133 state permits in
McClellanville, with 52 of those being saltwater licenses (Table
3.7.3.3). There are 27 trawler licenses, 16 handheld equipment licenses
and 5 wholesale dealer licenses.

### 3.7.2 McClellanville Census Demographics

#### 3.7.2.1 Population

Table 3.7.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for
McClellanville, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          441        364        459

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          55         17         21

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          54         81         55

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          11         11         13

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          25         15         29

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          83         54         43

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          52         74         22

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          34         23         119

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          56         34         64

  Persons Age 65+                   .          70         55         70
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.7.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.7.2.2. Housing Tenure for McClellanville, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      12.2       19.9

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      87.8       80.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.7.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.7.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for McClellanville, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      62         65

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      258        309
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.7.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.7.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for McClellanville, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              64.3       56.9

  Percent unemployed                                  1.8        0.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.7.2.5 Race

Table 3.7.2.5. Race for McClellanville, South Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          60         26         34

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          3          0          10

  White Persons                     .          381        338        415

  Latino White Persons              .          3          0          10
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.7.2.6 Education

Table 3.7.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for McClellanville, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          37         16         19

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          32         26         32

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          69         53         59

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          68         44         92

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          89         81         139

  Drop outs                         .          2          3          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.7.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.7.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for McClellanville, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$17490    \$26388    \$42500
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          32         45         54

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          12         6          6

  Households with Public Assistance .          5          7          4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.7.2.8 Industry

Table 3.7.2.8. Employment by Industry for McClellanville, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          34         30         27

  Construction                      .          27         22         33

  Business Services                 .          0          2          13

  Communication/Utilities           .          8          5          1

  Manufacturing                     .          11         6          8

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          7          3          7
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          0          4          135

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          12         51         28

  Transportation                    .          35         29         6
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.7.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.7.2.9. Employment by Occupation for McClellanville, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**        **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          7          15              \-

  Clerical                          .          190        23              \-

  Craft                             .          33         24              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          23         9               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          26         24              24

  Household Services                .          0          0               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          9          7               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          8               \-

  Service, except Household         .          17         4               \-

  Technical                         .          3          2               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ----------

### 3.7.3 McClellanville Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.7.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for McClellanville,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             5          6          4          4

  Commercial King Mackerel            2          2          2          2

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         3          4          2          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             3          4          1          2

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          1          0          1

  Rock Shrimp                         3          4          3          4

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.7.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for
McClellanville, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census
Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           50

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        50
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.7.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for McClellanville, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  2

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    5

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          16

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         4

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           1

  Saltwater License                            52

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             3

  Shellfish License                            7

  Trawler License                              27

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             5

  Total                                        133
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.8 Georgetown (29440)

![](media/image36.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.8.1 Community Description

Georgetown is South Carolina's third oldest city, following Charleston
and Beaufort.[^29] The town became a busy seaport by 1729 as the import
and export of cargo created wealth for the town, as well as targets for
the pirates who were hiding out in the bays of the barrier islands. Many
of the local stores in the area sold naval materials and uniforms. The
indigo plant, of which the blue dye was derived from, grew along the
coastal plains. An aristocratic society of plantation owners was
established and they formed the "Winyah Indigo Society". However as the
price of the dye fell from overseas markets, local planters began
cultivating rice instead. The original rice seeds were brought in from
Madagascar to the port of Charleston around 1680. Grocers in England
were said to praise the "Carolina Gold" rice above all other rice. Rice
even was used as a replacement for money, being accepted as payment for
taxes. However with the Emancipation Proclamation and destructive
hurricanes, the last commercial rice harvest in Georgetown County was in
1919.[^30] The area then turned to lumber production. In 1936, the
International Paper Company built a plant in Georgetown. By 1942, this
plant became the largest craft paper mill in the world. Commercial
fishing and tourism are now significant industries in the area that
contribute greatly to its economic well-being.[^31]

Georgetown's population has been declining from 1980 when it was 10,144
until 2000 where it dropped to 8,934. Georgetown's population is
predominantly African-American and has approximately 56 percent of its
population in the labor force. The unemployment rate has gone down since
1990 to 7.8 percent. Average wage and salary have grown slightly over
the past 30 years, but the number of people living below the poverty
level has dropped little. As is the case for most communities the number
of persons employed in farm, fish and forestry has seen a steady
decline. There are five vessels with federal permits homeported in
Georgetown (Table 3.8.3.1) and most fishing related employment is in
boat building (Table 3.8.3.2). There are 8 persons reported as working
in fish and seafood and markets also. With little fishing employment
evident elsewhere, it is surprising to see over 350 state permits issued
for Georgetown residents. Over 140 of those permits were for saltwater
licenses and 50 were trawler permits. There are 13 wholesale dealer
licenses in the community as well as, 64 crab pot permits and 27 channel
net (Table 3.8.3.3).

### 3.8.2 Georgetown Census Demographics

#### 3.8.2.1 Population

Table 3.8.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Georgetown,
South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          10144      9517       8934

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          812        909        735

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          1763       1652       1496

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          362        358        299

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          1162       810        745

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          1458       1374       1101

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          940        1289       646

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          1052       753        1151

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          1058       816        701

  Persons Age 65+                   .          1362       1556       1515
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.8.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.8.2.2. Housing Tenure for Georgetown, South Carolina 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      37.5       38.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      62.5       61.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.8.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.8.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Georgetown, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2,174      2,129

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      5,222      4,900
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.8.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.8.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Georgetown, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              57.6       56.3

  Percent unemployed                                  9.4        7.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.8.2.5 Race

Table 3.8.2.5. Race for Georgetown, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          4729       5111       5078

  Latino Black Persons              .          85         23         26

  Latino Persons                    .          96         49         168

  White Persons                     .          5386       4307       3611

  Latino White Persons              .          11         8          58
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.8.2.6 Education

Table 3.8.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Georgetown, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          1489       917        534

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          1303       1188       1077

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          1495       1596       1676

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          809        853        1062

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          774        907        1178

  Drop outs                         .          85         118        132
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.8.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.8.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Georgetown, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$14727    \$26608    \$29424
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          2644       2756       2087

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          359        388        223

  Households with Public Assistance .          445        465        124
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.8.2.8 Industry

Table 3.8.2.8. Employment by Industry for Georgetown, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          141        117        61

  Construction                      .          337        242        251

  Business Services                 .          61         106        98

  Communication/Utilities           .          62         86         80

  Manufacturing                     .          794        760        669

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          295        371        216
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          161        148        1431

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          739        1144       973

  Transportation                    .          707        846        90
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.8.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.8.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Georgetown, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          317        510              \-

  Clerical                          .          6230       380              \-

  Craft                             .          436        360              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          319        315              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          55         65               53

  Household Services                .          48         25               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          255        178              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          343        458              \-

  Service, except Household         .          759        681              \-

  Technical                         .          128        77               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 3.8.3 Georgetown Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.8.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Georgetown, South
Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             5          6          4          5

  Commercial King Mackerel            4          5          4          5

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         2          1          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          1          2          2
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          1          2          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             4          5          2          5

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          2          1          2

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.8.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Georgetown,
South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           16

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           4

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           4

  Marinas                        713930           16

  Total Fishing Employment                        40
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.8.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Georgetown, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  2

  Channel Net                                  27

  Crab Pots                                    64

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     2

  Hand Held Equipment                          11

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           2

  Saltwater License                            144

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     25

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            10

  Trawler License                              50

  Trotlines                                    2

  Wholesale Dealer                             13

  Total                                        352
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

##  3.9 Murrells Inlet (29576)

![](media/image37.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.9.1 Community Description

Murrells Inlet is known as the Seafood Capital of South Carolina. The
origin of its name remains a mystery. However Murrells Inlet was
officially named by the post office in 1913. The first settlers of the
area were Native American Tribes. However beginning in the 16^th^ and
17^th^ Centuries, Spanish and English colonists arrived in the area.
Pirates also utilized the Inlet's winding creeks for refuge and a hiding
place. Large tracts of land were cultivated into successful rice
plantations. By 1850, almost 47 million pounds of rice were produced in
this area. Murrells Inlet was used a port during the Civil War to sneak
cotton and other products to England in exchange for war supplies, such
as food and medicine. The Civil War led to the decline of the rice
culture and in 1916, the last remaining commercial rice grower was out
of business.

By this time, commercial and recreational fishing became a popular
industry. By 1914, captain-led fishing excursions cost \$5 per person
for a day trip out of the Inlet on a 20-foot skiff. Today, charter,
recreational and commercial fishing are still popular in Murrells
Inlet.[^32]

Murrells Inlet has seen its population increase to a high of 5492 in
2000. The percentage of owner occupied housing has also increased to 85
percent. The percent of the population in the labor force has remained
practically the same while unemployment has risen from 3 percent in 1990
to 5.2 percent in 2000. Average wage and salary has risen over the past
few decades while the number of persons living below the poverty level
has fluctuated and now is 435 in 2000. The number of persons working in
farm, fish and forestry occupations has seen a decline like most
communities.

There are a total of 33 vessels with federal permits. The majority has
king mackerel and snapper grouper class 1 permits. Almost half of those
permitted vessels have charter permits for either coastal pelagics or
snapper grouper (Table 3.9.3.1). There are four federal dealers in the
community. Most of the fishing employment is in fish and seafood markets
with 10 persons employed in that sector out of the 16 total (Table
3.9.3.2). There are 111 state permits issued to residents of Murrell's
Inlet. Forty-four of those permits are for saltwater licenses. Another
14 are for handheld equipment and 12 are for crab pots. There are 10
wholesale dealer licenses held by Murrell's Inlet residents (Table
3.9.3.3).

### 3.9.2 Murrell's Inlet Census Demographics

#### 3.9.2.1 Population

Table 3.9.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Murrell's
Inlet, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2394       3277       5492

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          145        218        213

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          388        281        541

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          102        12         98

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          264        292        249

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          291        602        629

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          329        480        408

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          182        370        860

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          333        527        859

  Persons Age 65+                   .          337        495        1189
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.9.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.9.2.2. Housing Tenure for Murrell's Inlet, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      20.1       14.7

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      79.9       85.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.9.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.9.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Murrell's Inlet, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      615        495

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1194       2857
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.9.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.9.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Murrell's Inlet, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              60.7       61.6

  Percent unemployed                                  3.0        5.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.9.2.5 Race

Table 3.9.2.5. Race for Murrell's Inlet, South Carolina 1970-2000.
(Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          516        410        389

  Latino Black Persons              .          2          0          4

  Latino Persons                    .          7          0          34

  White Persons                     .          1867       2827       5035

  Latino White Persons              .          0          0          20
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.9.2.6 Education

Table 3.9.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Murrell's Inlet, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          323        156        110

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          364        477        572

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          445        784        1285

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          205        426        969

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          135        456        1427

  Drop outs                         .          26         21         28
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.9.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.9.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Murrell's Inlet, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$13233    \$30776    \$39877
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          350        501        435

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          59         20         74

  Households with Public Assistance .          70         26         42
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.9.2.8 Industry

Table 3.9.2.8. Employment by Industry for Murrell's Inlet, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          58         39         15

  Construction                      .          57         168        361

  Business Services                 .          13         162        149

  Communication/Utilities           .          25         59         84

  Manufacturing                     .          123        97         140

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          75         55         243
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          38         98         1077

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          161        646        861

  Transportation                    .          424        476        69
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.9.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.9.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Murrell's Inlet, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          189        231              \-

  Clerical                          .          1300       141              \-

  Craft                             .          98         172              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          132        339              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          39         39               11

  Household Services                .          10         11               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          42         68               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          53         100              \-

  Service, except Household         .          216        297              \-

  Technical                         .          30         15               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 3.9.3 Murrell's Inlet Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.9.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Murrell's Inlet,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             34         37         37         33

  Commercial King Mackerel            20         23         22         21

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         13         6          0          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        10         11         8          10
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        12         13         11         12
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             17         26         26         30

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             5          6          2          2

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          1          0          1

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     5          5          5          4
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.9.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Murrell's
Inlet, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           3

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           10

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        16
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.9.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Murrells Inlet, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  4

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    12

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     0

  Hand Held Equipment                          14

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     0

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           3

  Saltwater License                            44

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             8

  Shellfish License                            7

  Trawler License                              9

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             10

  Total                                        111
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.10 Little River (29566)

![](media/image38.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 3.10.1 Community Description

Native American tribes who settled this area called the stream
"Mineola", which means "Little River". Little River is one of the oldest
settlements along the South Carolina coast. Fishermen and farmers began
settling the area in the late 1600s and 1700s. The small, protected
harbor was a refuge for shipwreck survivors and pirates, who needed a
place to repair their boats and rest. It is still common to see treasure
maps attempting to locate buried treasure on the placemats of the local
restaurants.

For a time, Little River became known as "Yankee Town" by the rest of
Horry County because of the settlers from New England. The area became a
thriving port town in the 1850s. The shipments included fine lumber and
navel supplies to Northern markets. The town had a few stores, sawmill,
water house, school, churches and a bank. However the Civil War halted
much of the town's developments. Today, Little River is widely known for
its charter boats, deep-sea and commercial fishing.[^33]

Little River's population has nearly doubled in the last decade. The
percent of owner occupied housing has risen from 61 percent in 1990 to
over 80 percent in 2000. The percent of the population in the labor
force has remained unchanged while unemployment has dropped. Average
wage and salary have increased and so has the number of person living
below the poverty level. The number of person working in the
agriculture, fishing and mining sector has grown to 87 over the past ten
years, while those in the occupation of farm, fishing and forestry has
dropped. There are 17 vessels with federal permits homeported in Little
River and the majority of them have either snapper grouper class 1 or
snapper grouper charter permits (Table 3.10.3.1). Fishing related
employment reported in Table 3.10.3.2 is mostly in the marinas sector
with 31 persons and 7 more are in fish and seafood.. Of the 24 state
permits listed in Table 3.10.3.3, ten were for saltwater licenses.

### 3.10.2 Little River Census Demographics

#### 3.10.2.1 Population

Table 3.10.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Little
River, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          .          3682       6904

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          .          244        337

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          .          325        682

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          .          81         100

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          .          270        258

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          .          601        723

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          .          539        487

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          .          356        1017

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          .          618        1206

  Persons Age 65+                   .          .          648        1842
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.10.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 3.10.2.2. Housing Tenure for Little River, South Carolina
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      32.3       18.2

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      67.7       81.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.10.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 3.10.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Little River, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      589        1408

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1568       2748
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.10.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 3.10.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Little River, South
Carolina 1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              56.6       58.0

  Percent unemployed                                  6.5        3.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 3.10.2.5 Race

Table 3.10.2.5. Race for Little River, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          .          487        466

  Latino Black Persons              .          .          0          12

  Latino Persons                    .          .          22         72

  White Persons                     .          .          3186       6385

  Latino White Persons              .          .          13         38
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.10.2.6 Education

Table 3.10.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Little River, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          .          94         72

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          .          335        503

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          .          937        2119

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          .          672        1277

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          .          565        1533

  Drop outs                         .          .          22         23
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.10.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 3.10.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Little River, South Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  **Average Household Wage/Salary   .          .          \$30023    \$40427
  Income (dollars)**                                                 

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          .          496        517

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          .          63         32

  Households with Public Assistance .          .          45         24
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.10.2.8 Industry

Table 3.10.2.8. Employment by Industry for Little River, South Carolina
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          .          68         87

  Construction                      .          .          163        354

  Business Services                 .          .          50         156

  Communication/Utilities           .          .          83         153

  Manufacturing                     .          .          54         156

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          .          54         463
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          .          73         1340

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          .          605        925

  Transportation                    .          .          465        31
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 3.10.2.9 Occupation

Table 3.10.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Little River, South
Carolina 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          .          260              \-

  Clerical                          .          .          241              \-

  Craft                             .          .          180              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          .          244              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          .          58               31

  Household Services                .          .          10               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          .          64               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          .          39               \-

  Service, except Household         .          .          278              \-

  Technical                         .          .          28               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 3.10.3 Little River Fishing Demographics

**Table 3.10.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Little River,
South Carolina (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             15         17         15         17

  Commercial King Mackerel            7          7          5          6

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         6          5          1          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        7          6          7          8
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        9          9          8          10
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             13         15         10         13

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          1          1          2

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          3          2          5

  Rock Shrimp                         0          1          2          2

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          2          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 3.10.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Little
River, South Carolina (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau
1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           7

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           31

  Total Fishing Employment                        38
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

Table 3.10.3.3. Number of State Permits by Type for Little River, South
Carolina. (Source South Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 2003).

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  Type                                         Permits

  Bait Dealer                                  0

  Channel Net                                  0

  Crab Pots                                    2

  Drag Dredge                                  0

  Gill Net                                     2

  Hand Held Equipment                          2

  Herring Net                                  0

  Mechanical Equipment                         0

  Miscellaneous Pots/Traps                     1

  Other Equipment                              0

  Peeler Crab Permit                           0

  Saltwater License                            8

  Seine Net                                    0

  Shad Net                                     0

  Shellfish Dealer                             0

  Shellfish License                            1

  Trawler License                              5

  Trotlines                                    0

  Wholesale Dealer                             3

  Total                                        24
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

## 3.11 South Carolina Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization

The following tables provide a general view of the presence or absence
of fishing infrastructure located within the coastal communities of
South Carolina with substantial fishing activity. It should be noted
that there are many other attributes that might have been included in
this table, however, because of inconsistency in rapid appraisal for all
communities, these items were selected as the most consistently reported
or had secondary data available to determine presence or absence. It
should also be noted that in some cases certain infrastructure may exist
within a community but was not readily apparent or could not be
ascertained through secondary data. Table 3.11.1 offers an overview of
the presence of the selected infrastructure items and provides an
overall total score which is merely the total of infrastructure present.

**Table 3.11.1. Fishing Infrastructure Table for South Carolina
Potential Fishing Communities**

+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| **Community**   | >   | > * | >   | >  | > ** | >  | > ** | **To  |
|                 | **F | *St | **F |  * | Fish | ** | Recr | tal** |
|                 | ede | ate | ede | *S | >    | Re | eati |       |
|                 | ral | > C | ral | ea |  pro | cr | onal |       |
|                 | > C | omm | > C | fo | cess | ea | >    |       |
|                 | omm | erc | har | od | ors, | ti |  Fis |       |
|                 | erc | ial | ter | >  | > W  | on | hing |       |
|                 | ial | >   | > P | La | hole | al | > T  |       |
|                 | > P |  Li | erm | nd | sale | >  | ourn |       |
|                 | erm | cen | its | in | >    |  d | amen |       |
|                 | its | ses | >   | gs | fish | oc | ts** |       |
|                 | >   | > ( | (5+ | ** | >    | ks |      |       |
|                 | (5+ | 10+ | )** |    |  hou | >  |      |       |
|                 | )** | )** |     |    | se** |  / |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      | >  |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      |  m |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      | ar |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      | in |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      | as |      |       |
|                 |     |     |     |    |      | ** |      |       |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Hilton Head     | \-  | \+  | \-  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \+   | 5     |
| Island          |     |     |     |    |      |    |      |       |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Port Royal      | \-  | \-  | \-  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \-   | 3     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Edisto Beach    | \-  | \+  | \-  | \- | \+   | \- | \-   | 2     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Seabrook Island | \-  | \+  | \-  | \- | \-   | \- | \-   | 1     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Mt. Pleasant    | \+  | \+  | \-  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \-   | 5     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Isle of Palms   | \-  | \-  | \-  | \- | \-   | \+ | \-   | 1     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| McClellanville  | \-  | \+  | \-  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \-   | 3     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Georgetown      | \+  | \+  | \-  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \+   | 6     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Murrells Inlet  | \+  | \+  | \+  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \-   | 6     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+
| Little River    | \+  | \+  | \+  | \+ | \+   | \+ | \-   | 6     |
+-----------------+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+------+-------+

In attempting a preliminary characterization of potential fishing
communities in Table 3.11.2, we have provided a grouping of communities
that appear to have more involvement in various fishing enterprises and
therefore are classified as primarily involved. These communities have
considerable fishing infrastructure, but also have a history and culture
surrounding both commercial and recreational fishing that contributes to
an appearance and perception of being a fishing community in the mind of
residents and others. The communities are not ranked in any particular
order, this is merely a categorization.

Table 3.11.2 Preliminary Characterization of Potential Fishing
Communities in South Carolina

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Primarily-Involved**              **Secondarily-Involved**

  Mt. Pleasant                        Edisto Beach

  McClellanville                      Seabrook Island

  Georgetown                          Isle of Palms

  Murrells Inlet                      

  Little River                        

  Hilton Head Island                  
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

# 

Charleston, while having many commercial and charter permits is a large
enough metropolitan area that fishing is rather small when compared to
the larger economy and although historically may have played a role in
the community culture is likely not a major focus historically or does
it play a large role in the economy at this time. It is likely that the
fishing community of Charleston has become ensconced in other parts of
the metropolitan area, such as Shem Creek (Mt. Pleasant) and has become
a component of that community's history and culture. Many of these
communities are in transition due to various social and demographic
changes from coastal development, growing populations, increasing
tourism, changing regulations, etc. This preliminary characterization is
just that and should not be considered a definite designation as fishing
community, but a general guide for locating communities that may warrant
consideration as a potential fishing community.

# 4.0 Georgia Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity

![](media/image39.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

**Figure 4.1 Potential Fishing Communities of Georgia.**

Georgia landed over 9 million pounds of seafood in both 2001 and 2002.
The value of those landings was over 14 million dollars in 2001 and over
15 million dollars in 2002. No Georgia port was listed in the top 50
U.S. ports in terms of pounds landed or in terms of value of landings.
According to NMFS (2002) Georgia recreational fishermen landed over 2
million pounds of finfish in 2001 and in 2002 that number dropped to
just over than 1 million pounds. There were 5 processors in Georgia for
2001 with a total of 1,119 employees and 30 wholesale dealers employing
432 persons. In the years 2001 and 2002, Georgia did have approximately
265 and 226 registered vessels respectively.

Georgia has had just over 50 federally permitted vessels since 1998 and
through 2001. The majority of those vessels carried rock shrimp permits
with the next most common being king mackerel and snapper grouper
class 1. It must be remembered that there is no shrimp permit in the
South Atlantic region; so many vessels in the state are not included in
the federal permit list.

**Table 4.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Georgia (Source: NMFS
2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             50         53         57         53

  Commercial King Mackerel            15         17         19         16

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         11         10         11         8

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            5          4          5          5

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        7          6          6          5
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        6          5          5          4
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             14         18         14         14

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          6          2          2

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          5          5          4

  Rock Shrimp                         22         25         28         29
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

The disparity between federal and state permits is evident in Table 4.2
where 947 licensed commercial fishing vessels are listed and 482 of
those have shrimp gear. Overall, Georgia has 759 licensed fishermen and
612 of those are full-time.

Table 4.2. Number of State Permit by Type for Georgia (Source: GADNR
2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          947

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        482

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  612

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  147
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

Georgia requires commercial fishermen to be licensed and also requires a
license for commercial crabbing and commercial cast netting. A
commercial trawling license is required to use power drawn nets in the
state waters. In addition, the state requires a dealer license for
retail and wholesale fish to be sold, soft-shell crab and bait dealers.

![](media/image40.png){width="5.397222222222222in"
height="6.995833333333334in"}

**Figure 4.2. Georgia State Fishing Permits by Zip Code for 2001**

## **4.1 Tybee Island ( 31328)**

![](media/image41.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.1.1 Community Description

Tybee Island stands at the mouth of the Savannah River. In 1736, a 90
foot lighthouse was built to help aid navigation in the area. At this
time in America, this structure was the tallest. This lighthouse had to
be rebuilt three times, lastly in 1773, due to storms.[^34] It currently
stands at 154 feet tall and is Georgia's oldest lighthouse. After the
Civil War, Tybee began to grow into a resort area. Before 1870 there
were very few full time residents, but by the 1890s, there were over 400
beach cottages and local business for the summer residents. Tybee is
still an attractive tourist destination with seven miles of beaches,
with many options for both inshore and offshore fishing.

The population of Tybee Island has grown steadily over the past 20
years. The percent of the population in the labor force has also
remained stable at around 61 percent and the percent of unemployed
around 4.5 percent. Average wage and salary has increased to a high of
\$49,741 in 2000 while the number of persons living below the poverty
level has remained around 330. The number person employed in the farm,
fish, and forestry sectors of industry and occupation has slowly
declined to where there were none reported in 2000. This is consistent
with Table 4.1.3.1 where there are no vessels listed with federal
permits for 2000 or 2001. Furthermore Table 4.1.3.2 lists 3 persons
employed in boat building as the only fishing related employment. There
are however, 7 commercial vessels registered with the state from Tybee
Island and all seven have full time fishermen as owners (Table 4.1.3.3).

### 4.1.2 Tybee Island Census Demographics

#### 4.1.2.1 Population

Table 4.1.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Tybee
Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2240       2689       3432

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          126        192        104

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          264        273        350

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          63         91         50

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          234        239        192

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          381        381        326

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          222        391        528

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          212        323        738

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          281        258        510

  Persons Age 65+                   .          430        541        634
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.1.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.1.2.2. Housing Tenure for Tybee Island, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      35.1       31.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      64.9       68.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.1.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.1.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Tybee Island, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      802        736

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1,134      1,589
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.1.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Tybee Island, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.3       61.9

  Percent unemployed                                  4.8        4.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.1.2.5 Race

Table 4.1.2.5. Race for Tybee Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          35         13         64

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          0

  Latino Persons                    .          20         76         43

  White Persons                     .          2160       2625       3219

  Latino White Persons              .          18         63         35
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.1.2.6 Education

Table 4.1.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Tybee Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          187        114        74

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          257        205        208

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          476        661        649

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          292        401        404

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          314        342        1063

  Drop outs                         .          11         9          24
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.1.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.1.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Tybee Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$17558    \$33194    \$49741
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          221        324        332

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          44         35         17

  Households with Public Assistance .          37         15         28
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.1.2.8 Industry

Table 4.1.2.8. Employment by Industry for Tybee Island, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          10         35         0

  Construction                      .          96         121        190

  Business Services                 .          38         49         103

  Communication/Utilities           .          43         13         60

  Manufacturing                     .          110        150        123

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          32         85         96
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          55         63         1094

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          209        405        415

  Transportation                    .          214        290        42
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.1.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.1.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Tybee Island, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          140        162              \-

  Clerical                          .          1290       203              \-

  Craft                             .          126        150              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          150        223              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          10         35               0

  Household Services                .          4          13               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          36         9                \-

  Operative/Transport               .          45         50               \-

  Service, except Household         .          138        208              \-

  Technical                         .          28         0                \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 4.1.3 Tybee Island Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.1.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Tybee Island,
Georgia (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             3          2          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        2          1          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        2          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          1          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          1          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.1.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Tybee
Island, Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998).**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           3

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        3
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.1.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Tybee Island,**
Georgia (Source: GADNR 2002).

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          7

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        3

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  7

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  0
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 4.2 Thunderbolt (31404, 31410)

![](media/image42.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.2.1 Community Description

Thunderbolt's population has fluctuated over the past three decades and
most recently declined during 1990 to 2000 where it stands at 2360.
While the percent of population in the labor force has remained fairly
stable, unemployment dropped significantly from a high of 17.2 in 1990
to 4.4 percent in 2000. Average wage and salary have risen slowly and
the number of persons living below the poverty level has fluctuated
some, but remains over 250. The number of persons employed in the farm,
fish and forestry sectors under occupation and industry has dropped to
zero over the past decade. This is consistent with fishing demographics
as there are no vessels with federal permits listing Thunderbolt as
homeport. There are at least three vessels registered with the state and
three individuals who consider themselves to be full-time commercial
fishermen according to Table 4.2.3.3.

### 4.2.2 Thunderbolt Census Demographics

#### 4.2.2.1 Population

Table 4.2.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for
Thunderbolt, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     2766       2161       2786       2360

  Persons Age 0-5                   121        136        143        112

  Persons Age 6-15                  391        268        227        204

  Persons Age 16-17                 114        103        51         51

  Persons Age 18-24                 988        272        1011       213

  Persons Age 25-34                 211        411        393        349

  Persons Age 35-44                 252        154        243        291

  Persons Age 45-54                 206        207        181        395

  Persons Age 55-64                 288        337        208        237

  Persons Age 65+                   136        257        329        508
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.2.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.2.2.2. Housing Tenure for Thunderbolt, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      44.3       35.7

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      55.7       64.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.2.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.2.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Thunderbolt, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      567        628

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1041       1185
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.2.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.2.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Thunderbolt, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.9       61.1

  Percent unemployed                                  17.2       4.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.2.2.5 Race

Table 4.2.2.5. Race for Thunderbolt, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     1466       785        1495       758

  Latino Black Persons              20         0          0          1

  Latino Persons                    20         24         11         33

  White Persons                     1300       1360       1270       1339

  Latino White Persons              0          24         11         16
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.2.2.6 Education

Table 4.2.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Thunderbolt, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        259        176        75         227

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       307        292        180        280

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 272        387        358        317

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     100        185        345        245

  25+ w/ College Degree             155        326        314        396

  Drop outs                         134        13         11         14
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.2.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.2.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Thunderbolt, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Wage or Salary                    **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$9079     \$16017    \$33591    \$35824
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  Poverty Level                                                      

  Persons Below Poverty Level       267        292        143        279

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       45         10         23         49

  Households with Public Assistance 11         33         44         33
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.2.2.8 Industry

Table 4.2.2.8. Employment by Industry for Thunderbolt, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      17         22         9          0

  Construction                      120        71         80         110

  Business Services                 52         33         34         42

  Communication/Utilities           19         27         21         36

  Manufacturing                     172        80         133        121

  Financial, Insurance & Real       46         26         43         14
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          16         69         44         673

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            458        134        452        317

  Transportation                    171        176        290        78
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.2.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.2.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Thunderbolt, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             45         68         201              \-

  Clerical                          199        1590       251              \-

  Craft                             227        108        115              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   93         116        161              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  6          37         19               0

  Household Services                26         8          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   80         22         70               \-

  Operative/Transport               109        16         22               \-

  Service, except Household         157        104        123              \-

  Technical                         8          7          31               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 4.2.3 Thunderbolt Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.2.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Thunderbolt,
Georgia (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             0          0          0          0

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.2.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Thunderbolt,
Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           6

  Marinas                        713930           60

  Total Fishing Employment                        69
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.2.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Thunderbolt,**
Georgia (Source: GADNR 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          3

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        1

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  3

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  0
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  4.3 Darien (31305)

![](media/image43.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.3.1 Community Description

Darien was settled by Scottish Highlanders in the mid-1700s. During the
1800s, it was a leading seaport on the east coast. Even today, many
shrimp fishing boats dock at the waterfront.[^35] Darien was named in
honor of the unsuccessful colonization led by Darien Scots, at the
Isthmus of Panama. After the American Revolution, Darien became an
important port due to its position near the mouth of the Altamaha River.
In 1816, the town of Darien was incorporated and it became the county
seat in 1818.

The area became known as an international shipping port which was
frequented by ships from Asia, Europe and South America. In 1900, more
than 100 million linear board feet of timber and lumber were shipped
from Darien. However, these shipments began to decline and in 1916, the
last of Darien's sawmills went bankrupt. By the mid 1920s, the area
experienced renewed growth with the commercial seafood industry. Many
turned to the productive nearshore waters for their livelihood. By the
early 1960s, McIntosh County had the largest shrimping fleet on the
Georgia coast, with several oyster and shrimp packing houses along the
banks of the Altamaha River. Even though today this area is economically
dependent on tourism, commercial fishing is still the livelihood for
many members of the community. [^36]

Over the past decade Darien's population has remained almost unchanged.
Other demographic variables have also remained fairly stable as average
wage and salary have also remained practically the same in 1990 and
2000. The number of persons living under the poverty level has also
remained stable, while the percent of population in the labor force has
gone up slightly; the unemployment percentage has gone down from 9.9 in
1990 to 2.4 in 2000. While there has been a decline in the number of
persons reported in farm, fish and forestry occupations and industry
there remain about 17 persons in those sectors. Darien does have 3
vessels with federal permits according to Table 4.3.3.1 and fishing
related employment shows 12 people employed in the sectors of fishing,
seafood processing and fish and seafood (Table 4.3.3.2). The state has
92 commercial vessels registered in Darien and 44 of those have shrimp
gear. Of those vessels registered, 61 consider themselves to be full
time commercial fishermen and 3 part time (Table 4.3.3.3).

### 4.3.2 Darien Census Demographics

#### 4.3.2.1 Population

Table 4.3.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Darien,
Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          1731       1783       1751

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          115        150        172

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          335        302        329

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          62         46         46

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          242        157        125

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          223        263        179

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          175        234        254

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          188        199        235

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          160        164        201

  Persons Age 65+                   .          214        268        210
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.3.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.3.2.2. Housing Tenure for Darien, Georgia 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      26.5       27.5

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      73.5       72.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.3.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.3.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Darien, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      197        305

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1152       897
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.3.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.3.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Darien, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              56.0       60.4

  Percent unemployed                                  9.9        2.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.3.2.5 Race

Table 4.3.2.5. Race for Darien, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          749        766        751

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          3          5

  Latino Persons                    .          6          5          11

  White Persons                     .          982        1017       926

  Latino White Persons              .          6          2          4
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.3.2.6 Education

Table 4.3.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Darien, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          268        191        84

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          266        266        187

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          236        375        386

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          87         141        151

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          103        130        154

  Drop outs                         .          44         16         27
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.3.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.3.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Darien, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$13161    \$24025    \$24135
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          605        416        425

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          98         85         53

  Households with Public Assistance .          60         147        40
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.3.2.8 Industry

Table 4.3.2.8. Employment by Industry for Darien, Georgia 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          39         38         20

  Construction                      .          38         46         68

  Business Services                 .          17         15         14

  Communication/Utilities           .          27         22         21

  Manufacturing                     .          155        154        67

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          37         57         33
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          21         14         401

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          92         188        228

  Transportation                    .          150        150        21
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.3.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.3.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Darien, Georgia 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          78         62               \-

  Clerical                          .          890        84               \-

  Craft                             .          70         115              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          43         55               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          35         33               17

  Household Services                .          13         11               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          39         37               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          97         62               \-

  Service, except Household         .          112        118              \-

  Technical                         .          7          17               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 4.3.3 Darien Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.3.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Darien, Georgia
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             4          4          5          3

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         4          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         4          4          5          3

  Federal Dealers                     2          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.3.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Darien,
Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           6

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           3

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        12
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.3.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Darien,** Georgia
(Source: GADNR 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          92

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        44

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  61

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  3
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 4.4 Brunswick (31520, 31523, 31525

![](media/image44.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.4.1 Community Description

Brunswick's population has seen a steady decline over the past three
decades in almost every age category. The percent of the population in
the labor force has remained the same since 1990 but unemployment has
risen to 10.4 percent in 2000. Average wage and salary has dropped since
1990 and the number of people living under the poverty level has
increased. For those working in the sectors of farm, fish and forestry
in occupation and industry there has also been a steady decline.
Brunswick has 8 vessels registered with federal permits according to
Table 4.4.3.1. There are a substantial number of persons working in
fishing related businesses according to Table 4.4.3.2 with over 1500
persons working in the seafood processing sector. The state has 88
vessels registered in Brunswick and 56 of them have shrimp gear (Table
4.4.3.3). Of those vessel owners registered 66 consider themselves to be
full-time commercial fishermen and 11 part-time.

### 4.4.2 Brunswick Census Demographics

#### 4.4.2.1 Population

Table 4.4.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Brunswick,
Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     19585      17605      16433      15424

  Persons Age 0-5                   1732       1349       1678       1442

  Persons Age 6-15                  4106       3031       2562       2443

  Persons Age 16-17                 756        741        491        433

  Persons Age 18-24                 2311       2126       1509       1563

  Persons Age 25-34                 2045       2454       2625       1826

  Persons Age 35-44                 2213       1710       2032       2299

  Persons Age 45-54                 2338       1604       1482       1836

  Persons Age 55-64                 1793       1936       1444       1174

  Persons Age 65+                   1900       2407       2610       2408
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.4.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.4.2.2. Housing Tenure for Brunswick, Georgia 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      50.5       55.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      49.5       44.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.4.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.4.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Brunswick, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      4579       2442

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      7806       7598
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.4.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.4.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Brunswick, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              58.0       58.7

  Percent unemployed                                  9.4        10.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.4.2.5 Race

Table 4.4.2.5. Race for Brunswick, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     8754       9464       9606       9247

  Latino Black Persons              0          140        8          83

  Latino Persons                    62         275        82         908

  White Persons                     10803      8020       6734       5162

  Latino White Persons              62         110        54         518
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.4.2.6 Education

Table 4.4.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Brunswick, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        3898       2856       1532       1032

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       2446       2225       2308       1998

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 2354       2883       3454       2935

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     838        1186       1490       1062

  25+ w/ College Degree             753        961        1056       1516

  Drop outs                         428        348        142        176
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.4.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.4.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Brunswick, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6674     \$13078    \$23510    \$22272
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       4879       4737       4142       4508

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       711        585        475        487

  Households with Public Assistance 664        951        985        322
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.4.2.8 Industry

Table 4.4.2.8. Employment by Industry for Brunswick, Georgia 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      96         88         143        93

  Construction                      433        406        407        425

  Business Services                 155        152        281        130

  Communication/Utilities           188        205        141        84

  Manufacturing                     1999       1482       874        527

  Financial, Insurance & Real       461        472        225        299
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          310        294        317        3833

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            2315       1625       2178       2098

  Transportation                    1474       1504       1648       136
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.4.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.4.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Brunswick, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             421        597        852               \-

  Clerical                          966        8780       873               \-

  Craft                             872        834        598               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   572        514        591               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  27         156        129               77

  Household Services                432        138        109               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   621        455        308               \-

  Operative/Transport               1206       679        377               \-

  Service, except Household         1738       1675       1718              \-

  Technical                         79         207        183               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 4.4.3 Brunswick Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.4.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Brunswick, Georgia
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             3          5          7          8

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          1          1

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          0          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          2          2          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          1

  Rock Shrimp                         3          5          7          8

  Federal Dealers                     1          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.4.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Brunswick,
Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           1582

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           25

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           53

  Total Fishing Employment                        1663
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.4.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for Brunswick,** Georgia
(Source: GADNR 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          88

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        56

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  63

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  11
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  4.5 St. Simons Island (31522)

![](media/image45.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.5.1 Community Description

St. Simons Island has seen a fairly steady growth in its population. The
percent of population in the labor force has remained fairly stable at
just above 60 percent and unemployment has remained low at 3.4 percent.
Average wage and salary have raised significantly while the number of
person living under the poverty level has remained about the same at
over 600. As for most coastal communities, the number of persons
employed in farm, fish, and forestry sectors under occupation and
industry has declined steadily over the past 30 years for this
community. St. Simons Island has little commercial fishing employment as
there are only 2 vessels registered with federal permits that homeport
there (Table 4.5.3.1). Most all of the fishing related employment is in
the marinas sector according to Table 4.5.3.2 and there are only 4
commercial vessels registered with the state in Table 4.5.3.3 and 7
individuals who consider themselves to be full-time commercial
fishermen.

### 4.5.2 St. Simons Island Census Demographics

#### 4.5.2.1 Population

Table 4.5.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for St. Simons
Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     5191       6566       12026      13448

  Persons Age 0-5                   383        298        726        661

  Persons Age 6-15                  992        823        1364       1616

  Persons Age 16-17                 168        223        241        288

  Persons Age 18-24                 625        617        798        672

  Persons Age 25-34                 799        1258       1661       1265

  Persons Age 35-44                 506        822        2022       1982

  Persons Age 45-54                 561        660        1466       2307

  Persons Age 55-64                 593        690        1309       1735

  Persons Age 65+                   449        1119       2439       2922
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.5.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.5.2.2. Housing Tenure for St. Simons Island, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      33.7       26.2

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      66.3       73.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.5.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.5.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for St. Simons Island, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1,429      2,871

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      4,425      6,138
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.5.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.5.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for St. Simons Island, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              62.3       64.5

  Percent unemployed                                  1.8        3.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.5.2.5 Race

Table 4.5.2.5. Race for St. Simons Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     583        440        631        486

  Latino Black Persons              0          6          0          8

  Latino Persons                    0          96         187        253

  White Persons                     4602       6092       11362      12426

  Latino White Persons              0          90         177        191
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.5.2.6 Education

Table 4.5.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for St. Simons Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        456        346        220        167

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       426        492        516        263

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 800        1073       1614       1366

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     544        1129       2133       1532

  25+ w/ College Degree             682        1509       3967       5894

  Drop outs                         43         20         9          \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.5.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.5.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for St. Simons Island, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$8778     \$20621    \$42677    \$58475
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       683        336        660        602

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       128        88         130        218

  Households with Public Assistance 49         89         217        35
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.5.2.8 Industry

Table 4.5.2.8. Employment by Industry for St. Simons Island, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      14         110        134        15

  Construction                      167        143        289        388

  Business Services                 60         120        202        503

  Communication/Utilities           44         42         108        215

  Manufacturing                     375        290        597        519

  Financial, Insurance & Real       39         78         249        754
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          86         224        400        4006

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            749        795        2712       1673

  Transportation                    475        876        1234       107
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.5.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.5.2.9. Employment by Occupation for St. Simons Island, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             226        526        790               \-

  Clerical                          307        4440       646               \-

  Craft                             159        290        310               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   371        455        1155              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  8          83         126               0

  Household Services                88         50         42                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   68         44         107               \-

  Operative/Transport               109        73         97                \-

  Service, except Household         313        661        753               \-

  Technical                         10         67         148               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 4.5.3 St. Simons Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.5.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for St. Simons Island,
Georgia (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             2          2          2          2

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          1          1          1

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1          1          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          1          1          1
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          0          1          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          1          0          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          1          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          1

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.5.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for St. Simons
Island, Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           15

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           43

  Total Fishing Employment                        58
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.5.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for St. Simons,**
Georgia (Source: GADNR 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          4

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        4

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  7

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  2
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

##  4.6 St. Mary's (31558)

![](media/image46.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 4.6.1 Community Description

St. Mary's has seen steady population growth since 1970. The percent of
the population in the labor force has remained fairly constant while
unemployment has risen to 6.4 percent. Average wage and salary has risen
consistently over the years, but the number of persons living under the
poverty level took a significant jump in 2000 to over 1400 persons in
2000 from 975 in 1990. Those employed in farm, fish and forestry sector
have seen a steady decline in their numbers since 1970 also. There were
only 2 vessels registered with federal permits from the community in
Table 4.6.3.1 but there were 42 persons listed in the fishing sector in
Table 4.6.3.2. The state has 19 vessels registered with 9 of those
having shrimp gear and 13 of those owners considered full time fishermen
(Table 4.6.3.3).

### **[4.6.2 St. Mary's Census Demographics]{.underline}**

Table 4.6.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for St. Mary's,
Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     3364       3596       8187       13445

  Persons Age 0-5                   336        296        1070       1408

  Persons Age 6-15                  904        674        1465       2465

  Persons Age 16-17                 149        159        252        460

  Persons Age 18-24                 235        468        879        1677

  Persons Age 25-34                 536        513        1902       2355

  Persons Age 35-44                 443        455        1120       2210

  Persons Age 45-54                 328        474        684        1394

  Persons Age 55-64                 193        245        399        711

  Persons Age 65+                   129        260        416        765
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.6.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 4.6.2.2. Housing Tenure for St. Mary's, Georgia 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      44.5       46.5

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      55.5       53.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.6.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 4.6.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for St. Mary's, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1,078      5,312

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2,161      3,934
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.6.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 4.6.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for St. Mary's, Georgia
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              73.4       74.2

  Percent unemployed                                  5.9        6.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 4.6.2.5 Race

Table 4.6.2.5. Race for St. Mary's, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     673        753        1405       2710

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          0          41

  Latino Persons                    56         145        346        614

  White Persons                     2691       2781       6478       9969

  Latino White Persons              56         109        192        298
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.6.2.6 Education

Table 4.6.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for St. Mary's, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        370        344        251        200

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       377        410        545        730

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 638        657        1606       2328

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     131        270        1012       998

  25+ w/ College Degree             113        266        756        2184

  Drop outs                         37         30         49         28
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.6.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 4.6.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for St. Mary's, Georgia 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     9224       19855      31056      42087
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       430        612        975        1488

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       42         31         59         50

  Households with Public Assistance 52         78         152        143
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.6.2.8 Industry

Table 4.6.2.8. Employment by Industry for St. Mary's, Georgia 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      52         21         47         24

  Construction                      5          75         231        313

  Business Services                 13         24         138        355

  Communication/Utilities           5          31         44         164

  Manufacturing                     676        618        490        705

  Financial, Insurance & Real       28         15         142        313
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          23         95         186        2787

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            217        142        825        1306

  Transportation                    145        274        558        142
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 4.6.2.9 Occupation

Table 4.6.2.9. Employment by Occupation for St. Mary's, Georgia
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             57         160        366              \-

  Clerical                          132        2570       645              \-

  Craft                             214        217        360              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   72         139        340              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  10         18         34               0

  Household Services                45         0          28               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   111        97         150              \-

  Operative/Transport               254        219        91               \-

  Service, except Household         116        128        508              \-

  Technical                         48         26         69               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 4.6.3 St. Marys' Fishing Demographics

**Table 4.6.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for St. Mary's,
Georgia (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             3          3          2          2

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          0
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          0
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         3          3          2          2

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

**Table 4.6.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for St. Mary's,
Georgia (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)**

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           42

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           3

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        45
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

**Table 4.6.3.3. Number of State Permit by Type for St. Mary's,**
Georgia (Source: GADNR 2002)

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Type**                                        **Number**

  Commercial Fishing Vessel Registration          19

  Vessels with shrimp gear                        9

  Full-time commercial fishermen                  13

  Part-time commercial fishermen                  5
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## 4.7 Georgia Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization

The following tables provide a general view of the presence or absence
of fishing infrastructure located within the coastal communities of
Georgia with substantial fishing activity. It should be noted that there
are many other attributes that might have been included in this table,
however, because of inconsistency in rapid appraisal for all
communities, these items were selected as the most consistently reported
or had secondary data available to determine presence or absence. It
should also be noted that in some cases certain infrastructure may exist
within a community but was not readily apparent or could not be
ascertained through secondary data. Table 4.7.1 offers an overview of
the presence of the selected infrastructure items and provides an
overall total score which is merely the total of infrastructure present.

**Table 4.7.1. Fishing Infrastructure Table for Georgia Potential
Fishing Communities**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Community</strong></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Commercial Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>State Commercial Licenses (10+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Charter Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood Landings</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood retail markets</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Fish processors, Wholesale fish house</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational docks / marinas</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational Fishing Tournaments</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Tybee Island</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Thunderbolt</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Darien</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Brunswick</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>St. Simons Island</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>St. Mary’s</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

In attempting a preliminary characterization of potential fishing
communities in Table 4.7.2, we have provided a grouping of communities
that appear to have more involvement in various fishing enterprises and
therefore are classified as primarily involved. These communities have
considerable fishing infrastructure, but also have a history and culture
surrounding both commercial and recreational fishing that contributes to
an appearance and perception of being a fishing community in the mind of
residents and others. The communities are not ranked in any particular
order, this is merely a categorization.

Table 4.7.2 Preliminary Characterization of Potential Fishing
Communities in Georgia

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Primarily-Involved**              **Secondarily-Involved**

  Darien                              Tybee Island

  Brunswick                           Thunderbolt

  St. Mary's                          

  St. Simons Island                   
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Many of these communities are in transition due to various social and
demographic changes from coastal development, growing populations,
increasing tourism, changing regulations, etc. This preliminary
characterization is just that and should not be considered a definite
designation as fishing community, but a general guide for locating
communities that may warrant consideration as a potential fishing
community.

# 5.0 Florida Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity

![](media/image47.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

Figure 5.1. Florida Communities with Substantial Fishing Activity as
Identified by South Atlantic Advisory Panels.

Figure 5.1 illustrates those communities which were identified
originally by the advisory panels as communities that might be
considered fishing communities. They are included below with brief
profiles and census and fishing demographic tables used to describe the
communities.

The East coast of Florida landed over 37 million and over 32 million
pounds of seafood in 2001 and 2002 respectively. The value of those
landings was over 48 million dollars in 2001 and over 38 million dollars
in 2002. Florida had one port, Key West, listed in the top 50 U.S. ports
in terms of pounds landed and in terms of value of landings there were
three ports for Florida: Key West, St. Petersburg and Ft. Myers.
According to NMFS (2002) Florida recreational fishermen landed over 68
million pounds of finfish in 2001 and in 2002 that number dropped to
just over 59 million pounds for the entire state. There were 93
processors in all of Florida for 2001 with a total of 2,654 employees
and 284 wholesale dealers employing 2,485. In the years 2001 and 2002,
Florida had approximately 2,136 and 1,934 registered vessels
respectively. During those same years there were 5,502 boats registered
in 2001 and in 2002 that number was 4,438.

**Table 2.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for Florida (Source: NMFS
2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             3384       1949       2432       2311

  Commercial King Mackerel            1359       1216       1559       1519

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         1540       1228       1479       1377

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            574        457        532        498

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        790        275        397        417
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        401        182        241        257
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             83         564        676        641

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             48         239        269        258

  Swordfish                           460        58         79         75

  Shark                               1039       212        251        242

  Rock Shrimp                         167        149        176        167
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Florida has seen the number of permitted vessels decline over the past
four years with a high of 3,384 vessels in 1998 and in 2001 that number
dropped to 2311. The majority of those vessels held either of both king
mackerel permits or Spanish mackerel permits. The next most commonly
held permits were snapper grouper class1 and spiny lobster.

![](media/image48.png){width="6.391666666666667in"
height="8.282638888888888in"}

## **5.1 Fernandina Beach (32034)**

![](media/image49.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.1.1 Community Description

Fernandina Beach is located in Nassau County, Florida, on the
northernmost barrier island (Amelia Island) of the state's east coast.
The island extends from the mouth of the St. Mary's River southward to
Nassau Sound and is just over thirteen miles long and two miles wide
(Jacob et al. 2002).

Fishing has had a long history in the community as immigrants in the
1700s were net fishermen seeking mullet, sheepshead, crabs, trout,
turtles, drum, oysters and \"pogies\" (menhaden). Agriculture, forestry,
fishing, and tourism were the most prominent industries in the
Fernandina Beach area during the early 1900's. Shrimp fishing was
developed in 1902 by a Sicilian immigrant living in Fernandina Beach who
fished with a small diesel engine on his boat to pull a shrimp seine net
across the ocean floor. Commercial shrimp fishing grew substantially
when a New England fisherman, who was searching the Florida peninsula
for blue fish, began harvesting large quantities of shrimp. Shrimp
processing and shipment facilities were soon developed in Fernandina
Beach. That fishing heritage has been preserved in Old Town Fernandina
Beach, which has been designated a National Historic District. Today,
Fernandina's harbor is filled with commercial and charter fishing boats,
shrimp boats and private vessels. Seafood restaurants contribute to the
fishing village theme which continues to resonate throughout the
community although tourism has become the primary source of economic
revenue (Jacob et al. 2002).

### 5.1.2 Fernandina Beach Census Demographics

#### 5.1.2.1 Population

Table 5.1.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Fernandina
Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age Category** **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Total Persons                      6955       7224       8765       10242

  Persons Age 0-5                    586        468        652        682

  Persons Age 6-15                   1594       1252       1121       1128

  Persons Age 16-17                  371        351        252        234

  Persons Age 18-24                  577        723        805        712

  Persons Age 25-34                  754        1076       1344       1063

  Persons Age 35-44                  831        786        1457       1565

  Persons Age 45-54                  755        816        903        1550

  Persons Age 55-64                  767        878        923        1337

  Persons Age 65+                    599        791        1308       1971
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.1.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.1.2.2. Housing Tenure for Fernandina Beach, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      35.2       31.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      64.8       68.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.1.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.1.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Fernandina Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1672       1776

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      3630       4802
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.1.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.1.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Fernandina Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              63.9       58.9

  Percent unemployed                                  4.5        7.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.1.2.5 Race

Table 5.1.2.5. Race for Fernandina Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source
U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana
Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                      2136       2054       1975       1698

  Latino Black Persons               13         61         0          10

  Latino Persons                     58         248        48         246

  White Persons                      4819       5158       6739       8434

  Latino White Persons               45         187        48         168
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.1.2.6 Education

Table 5.1.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Fernandina Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education         1128       796        556        438

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education        767        625        754        713

  25+ w/ HS diploma                  1159       1493       1869       2019

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education      301        707        1071       2140

  25+ w/ College Degree              351        726        1371       3145

  Drop outs                          127        74         67         80
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.1.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.1.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Fernandina Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                 **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary      \$8499     \$19526    \$35352    \$40893
  Income (dollars)                                                    

  **Poverty Level**                                                   

  Persons Below Poverty Level        1366       897        1211       1026

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level        214        146        189        158

  Households with Public Assistance  145        251        215        97
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.1.2.8 Industry

Table 5.1.2.8. Employment by Industry for Fernandina Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                       **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining       79         90         71         25

  Construction                       169        58         305        341

  Business Services                  60         68         156        304

  Communication/Utilities            63         73         59         161

  Manufacturing                      921        769        686        442

  Financial, Insurance & Real Estate 74         199        220        295

  Services                           106        186        268        2112

  Wholesale/Retail Trade             709        556        1389       1230

  Transportation                     448        537        916        248
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.1.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.1.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Fernandina Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                     **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                              95         197        426              \-

  Clerical                           381        3630       440              \-

  Craft                              319        385        491              \-

  Exec/Managerial                    318        363        636              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                   22         74         90               12

  Household Services                 114        63         35               \-

  Laborer/Handler                    235        133        162              \-

  Operative/Transport                391        190        155              \-

  Service, except Household          517        601        773              \-

  Technical                          15         108        189              \-
  ---------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.1.3 Fernandina Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.1.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Fernandina Beach,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             14         7          9          13

  Commercial King Mackerel            1          0          1          1

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         2          0          1          1

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        5          0          1          5
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        3          0          1          3
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               2          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         4          7          8          8

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.1.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Fernandina
Beach, Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           7

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           10

  Marinas                        713930           10

  Total Fishing Employment                        30
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.2 Atlantic Beach (32233)

![](media/image50.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.2.1 Community Description

The community of Atlantic Beach has remained fairly small throughout its
history. The arrival of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad in
1900 helped spur development and prominence within this coastal
community. However, it was not until the construction of the Mayport
Naval Station in the 1940s and the completion of the Matthews Bridge in
the 1950s that the area truly became ready for development. Beginning in
the 1990s, the Atlantic Beach community embarked on environmental
endeavors regarding their aquatic resources. They created the Tideviews
Preserve and the Dutton Island Preserve. Among some of the many
activities offered in the Dutton Island Preserve, fishing off the pier
is a popular activity for park visitors.[^37]

Atlantic Beach has seen steady growth in its population. There has been
a decline in the percent of the population in the labor force and
unemployment has dropped to 3.3 percent in 2000. Average wage and salary
rose significantly between 1980 and 1990, but only slightly in 2000. The
number of persons living below the poverty level has dropped every
decade but still is around 1100 person in 2000. Jobs in the sector of
farm, fish and forestry have fluctuated over the past three decades, but
dropped to low levels in 2000. Although there is only one vessel with
federal permits in Atlantic Beach (Table 5.2.3.1) there are 56 persons
employed in the fish and seafood sector according to Table 5.2.3.2.

### 5.2.2 Atlantic Beach Census Demographics

#### 5.2.2.1 Population

Table 5.2.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Atlantic
Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          7847       11636      13474

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          598        1172       947

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          1336       1483       1669

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          351        351        418

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          1068       1177       945

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          1421       2236       1727

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          998        1716       1948

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          843        1366       2210

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          580        1131       1040

  Persons Age 65+                   .          567        1004       1995
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.2.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.2.2.2. Housing Tenure for Atlantic Beach, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      37.7       35.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      62.3       65.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.2.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.2.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Atlantic Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      3238       3201

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      4215       6702
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.2.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.2.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Atlantic Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              71.8       65.0

  Percent unemployed                                  4.7        3.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.2.2.5 Race

Table 5.2.2.5. Race for Atlantic Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          1470       1813       1669

  Latino Black Persons              .          35         0          28

  Latino Persons                    .          271        334        559

  White Persons                     .          5933       9271       10627

  Latino White Persons              .          106        164        365
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.2.2.6 Education

Table 5.2.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Atlantic Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          343        323        316

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          704        896        985

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          1507       1778       2312

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          887        1530       2512

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          968        2319       4395

  Drop outs                         .          78         116        29
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.2.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.2.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Atlantic Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$18276    \$41525    \$48353
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          1377       1248       1179

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          159        58         110

  Households with Public Assistance .          161        249        128
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.2.2.8 Industry

Table 5.2.2.8. Employment by Industry for Atlantic Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          77         98         24

  Construction                      .          205        365        521

  Business Services                 .          104        260        564

  Communication/Utilities           .          80         147        219

  Manufacturing                     .          229        447        462

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          157        230        644
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          320        547        3107

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          648        2054       1530

  Transportation                    .          874        1451       293
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.2.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.2.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Atlantic Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          462        1064              \-

  Clerical                          .          5250       701               \-

  Craft                             .          379        373               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          386        986               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          57         86                36

  Household Services                .          25         39                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          97         165               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          68         114               \-

  Service, except Household         .          675        942               \-

  Technical                         .          75         162               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.2.3 Atlantic Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.2.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Atlantic Beach,
Florida** **(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             1          0          0          1

  Commercial King Mackerel            0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         0          0          0          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            0          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        0          0          0          1
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          0          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          0

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           0          0          0          0

  Shark                               0          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.2.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Atlantic
Beach, Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           56

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           3

  Total Fishing Employment                        62
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.3 St. Augustine (32084, 32085, 32086, 32092)

![](media/image51.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.3.1 Community Description

St. Augustine has the distinction of being the oldest European city in
the United States. First sited by the Spanish explorer Don Juan Ponce de
Leon in 1513, it was not settled until 1565 by Don Pedro Menendez de
Aviles, a Spanish admiral, in the name of King Phillip II.[^38] The
town's boom did not occur until the 1880s with the arrival of Henry M.
Flagler. His goal was to turn St. Augustine into a winter resort for
wealthy Americans. It was this thinking that transformed the town. The
construction of the railroad linked the city with much of the east
coast. Flagler built three large hotels to help fulfill his dream of a
tourist mecca. By the mid-1900s, St. Augustine's local economy was
dominated by tourism.[^39]

The commercial fishing industry began in the St. Augustine/Fernandina
area around 1900 with the arrival of a Sicilian immigrant named
Sallecito Salvador. He placed an engine on his boat that allowed him to
pull a shrimp seine across the ocean floor in 1902, and in 1906, he
began his company, S. Salvador & Sons. Salvador moved his business to
St. Augustine in 1922, where it thrived until 1929. Shrimp catch levels
soared from about 1934 to 1940.[^40] These stories illustrate the
longstanding culture of fishing in the St. Augustine area and the
importance it holds for many of the fishing families there. Commercial
fishing still continues at the port, the oldest continuously active port
in the United States. Boat building, tourism, and recreational
activities are also important to St. Augustine's port.[^41]

St. Augustine has seen a steady decline in its population since 1970.
Both the percent of population in the labor force and unemployment have
remained relatively stable over the years. Average wage and salary has
grown steadily, while the number of person living below the poverty
level has dropped. The number of people employed in farm, fish and
forestry has also dropped significantly over the past three decades,
with the most pronounced decline from 1990 to 2000. St. Augustine hs 28
vessels with federal permits and the majority of them have charter
permits for either snapper grouper or coastal pelagics (Table 5.3.3.1).
There is significant employment in fishing related business as there are
over 370 people employed in boat building according to Table 5.3.3.2 and
another 75 in the seafood processing sector.

### 5.3.2 St. Augustine Census Demographics

#### 5.3.2.1 Population

Table 5.3.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for St.
Augustine, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     12352      11985      11692      11512

  Persons Age 0-5                   676        574        696        560

  Persons Age 6-15                  2550       1708       1304       1069

  Persons Age 16-17                 510        425        367        214

  Persons Age 18-24                 1242       1833       1720       1767

  Persons Age 25-34                 927        1418       1522       1181

  Persons Age 35-44                 1181       909        1404       1542

  Persons Age 45-54                 1300       1114       1163       1760

  Persons Age 55-64                 1540       1363       1098       1187

  Persons Age 65+                   2197       2529       2418       2232
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.3.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.3.2.2. Housing Tenure for St. Augustine, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      37.9       40.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      62.1       59.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.3.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.3.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for St. Augustine, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2239       2547

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      5388       5121
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.3.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.3.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for St. Augustine, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              57.3       61.9

  Percent unemployed                                  5.6        5.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.3.2.5 Race

Table 5.3.2.5. Race for St. Augustine, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     2679       2527       2303       1,741

  Latino Black Persons              0          45         30         6

  Latino Persons                    139        367        560        361

  White Persons                     9673       9383       9154       9,193

  Latino White Persons              139        279        438        221
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.3.2.6 Education

Table 5.3.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for St. Augustine, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        2293       1597       697        519

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       1291       1352       1152       1099

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 2193       2128       2037       2430

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     615        1204       1528       2568

  25+ w/ College Degree             753        1052       1789       3074

  Drop outs                         240        165        116        66
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.3.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.3.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for St. Augustine, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6958     \$13757    \$26572    \$32358
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       2927       1876       1697       1664

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       760        355        301        200

  Households with Public Assistance 275        422        372        125
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.3.2.8 Industry

Table 5.3.2.8. Employment by Industry for St. Augustine, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      142        126        67         19

  Construction                      259        327        287        353

  Business Services                 111        127        253        226

  Communication/Utilities           149        109        91         202

  Manufacturing                     522        441        437        423

  Financial, Insurance & Real       342        304        292        420
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          227        193        249        2827

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            1622       1237       2203       1941

  Transportation                    948        1123       1421       225
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.3.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.3.2.9. Employment by Occupation for St. Augustine, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             323        510        866               \-

  Clerical                          726        6710       569               \-

  Craft                             568        536        509               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   481        631        536               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  86         141        105               43

  Household Services                145        103        36                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   231        220        149               \-

  Operative/Transport               232        256        175               \-

  Service, except Household         898        1125       1040              \-

  Technical                         58         124        140               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.3.3 St. Augustine Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.3.3.1 Number of Federal Permit by Type for St. Augustine,
Florida** **(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             34         14         15         28

  Commercial King Mackerel            9          8          8          7

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         10         8          8          8

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            3          1          2          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          4          5          19
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        18         4          5          18
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          7          9          9

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             3          3          2          2

  Swordfish                           2          0          0          0

  Shark                               3          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          1

  Federal Dealers                                                      
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.3.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for St. Augustine,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           75

  Boat Building                  336612           375

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           0

  Total Fishing Employment                        453
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.4 Ponce Inlet (32127)

![](media/image52.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.4.1 Community Description

The town of Ponce Inlet was originally referred to as the port of
mosquitoes until the early twentieth century and is located at the
southern boundary of Ponce de Leon Inlet. There is some controversy as
to whom actually first stepped foot on Ponce Inlet; perhaps it was Ponce
de Leon in 1513 that went ashore to high ground to search for a lost
vessel. Others believe it may have been Frenchman Jean Ribault in 1563
(Davies, 1995).

Sport fishing became the mainstay for most residents of the Ponce Inlet
area. The industry began to grow in the 1950s; however, many found that
it was not very profitable. "In the winter the waters were so uncertain
that sometimes the boats rocked at the dock for days while the tourist
sought other recreation" (Davies, 1995:54). However, when charter
fishermen in the Florida Keys heard about the good conditions in the
summer months in northern Florida, they would work out of the "growing
number of docks from Daytona to the Inlet" (Davies, 1995:55). The
arrival of the head boat scared many of the original fishermen because
they thought it would ruin the business. Eventually, the locals
understood the economic opportunities associated with the head boat. By
the 1960s, the sport fishing industry was quite successful for the
fishermen of Ponce Inlet (Davies, 1995).

The population of Ponce Inlet has grown over the years, but most of that
growth came within the last decade. The percent of population in the
labor force has remained around 45 percent and unemployment has dropped
to a low of 1.9 in 2000 from 4.5 in 1990. Average wage and salary have
risen significantly over the years, but so has the number of persons
living below the poverty level. The number of people who work in farm,
fish and forestry has dropped to fewer than 3 people according to census
measures of occupation and industry. However, Table 5.4.3.1 shows over
25 vessels with federal permits homeported in the community with the
majority of those with charter permits for either snapper grouper or
coastal pelagics. There is also some fishing related employment
according to Table 5.4.3.2 which indicates over 180 people employed in
the marinas sector.

### 5.4.2 Ponce Inlet Census Demographics

#### 5.4.2.1 Population

Table 5.4.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Ponce
Inlet, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          1003       1704       2514

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          20         55         37

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          86         70         184

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          44         24         52

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          88         104        83

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          121        185        131

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          99         250        266

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          120        190        450

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          250        350        542

  Persons Age 65+                   .          163        476        769
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.4.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.4.2.2. Housing Tenure for Ponce Inle, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      14.6       9.6

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      85.4       90.4
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.4.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.4.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Ponce Inle, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      274        402

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      716        1250
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.4.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.4.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Ponce Inle, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              48.1       45.6

  Percent unemployed                                  4.2        1.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.4.2.5 Race

Table 5.4.2.5. Race for Ponce Inlet, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          1          14

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          1          1

  Latino Persons                    .          16         21         39

  White Persons                     .          982        1662       2420

  Latino White Persons              .          7          20         36
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.4.2.6 Education

Table 5.4.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Ponce Inlet, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          52         40         50

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          85         145        118

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          265        463        557

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          184        346        556

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          167        326        877

  Drop outs                         .          7          2          0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.4.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.4.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Ponce Inlet, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          15923      33162      52112
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          66         116        128

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          6          15         24

  Households with Public Assistance .          10         22         0
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.4.2.8 Industry

Table 5.4.2.8. Employment by Industry for Ponce Inlet, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          16         20         0

  Construction                      .          16         40         71

  Business Services                 .          26         23         67

  Communication/Utilities           .          6          13         26

  Manufacturing                     .          28         57         99

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          21         31         108
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          49         83         518

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          69         235        238

  Transportation                    .          107        211        55
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.4.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.4.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Ponce Inlet, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          74         131              \-

  Clerical                          .          510        93               \-

  Craft                             .          25         53               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          70         121              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          16         20               2

  Household Services                .          0          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          0          26               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          2          19               \-

  Service, except Household         .          59         113              \-

  Technical                         .          5          28               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.4.3 Ponce Inlet Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.4.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Ponce Inlet,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             28         13         18         29

  Commercial King Mackerel            11         7          10         10

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         12         6          12         11

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            4          2          2          2

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        21         8          13         25
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        22         8          12         22
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          11         12         12

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           4          0          1          1

  Shark                               11         5          7          7

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.4.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Ponce Inlet,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           6

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           3

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           181

  Total Fishing Employment                        190
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.5 Merritt Island (32952, 32953)

![](media/image53.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.5.1 Community Description

Merritt Island's population has grown slowly over the past three
decades. The percent of the population in the labor force has dropped
slightly over the past ten years, but unemployment has increased
slightly. Average wage and salary have increased to over \$40,000 for
the year 2000, but the number of persons living under the poverty level
has also grown considerably. As for most coastal communities the number
of people working in the farm, fish and forestry sector of the economy
has dropped significantly over the past decade but has shown a steady
decline prior to the 2000 census. Merritt Island has only 8 vessels with
federal permits and half of them have charter permits (Table 5.5.3.1).
There is substantial employment represented in the fishing related
sector of boat building with over 1100 persons employed in that sector
according to Table 5.5.3.2.

### 5.5.2 Merrit Island Census Demographics

#### 5.5.2.1 Population

Table 5.5.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Merritt
Island, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     29233      30708      32886      36091

  Persons Age 0-5                   2822       1558       2346       2171

  Persons Age 6-15                  7486       4786       3929       4496

  Persons Age 16-17                 1095       1380       776        1158

  Persons Age 18-24                 2343       3448       2476       2191

  Persons Age 25-34                 4813       3804       5148       3335

  Persons Age 35-44                 4630       4126       4817       6038

  Persons Age 45-54                 3170       4308       4278       5182

  Persons Age 55-64                 1190       3802       4055       4323

  Persons Age 65+                   1068       3163       5061       7197
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.5.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.5.2.2. Housing Tenure for Merritt Island, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      27.7       25.1

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      72.3       74.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.5.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.5.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Merritt Island, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      7987       9158

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      15381      18634
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.5.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.5.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Merritt Island, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              65.1       58.4

  Percent unemployed                                  4.2        5.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.5.2.5 Race

Table 5.5.2.5. Race for Merritt Island, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     1586       1641       1711       1871

  Latino Black Persons              32         3          41         47

  Latino Persons                    657        759        1067       1381

  White Persons                     27466      28602      30345      31565

  Latino White Persons              520        698        887        995
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.5.2.6 Education

Table 5.5.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Merritt Island, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        1601       1878       877        796

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       2018       2282       2512       2858

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 5899       6905       6328       7416

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     2936       4294       6082       7020

  25+ w/ College Degree             2417       3844       5457       10002

  Drop outs                         223        191        98         90
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.5.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.5.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Merritt Island, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$12011    \$20355    \$39680    \$43532
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       2176       2512       2331       3334

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       257        260        287        478

  Households with Public Assistance 187        409        636        354
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.5.2.8 Industry

Table 5.5.2.8. Employment by Industry for Merritt Island, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      180        165        298        79

  Construction                      620        1014       1021       1142

  Business Services                 983        1001       918        1358

  Communication/Utilities           312        416        371        494

  Manufacturing                     3169       2424       2965       2051

  Financial, Insurance & Real       2864       2209       2760       987
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          357        743        1113       7378

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            3156       2188       5105       3750

  Transportation                    1737       3107       3627       632
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.5.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.5.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Merritt Island, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             677        1805       2231              \-

  Clerical                          1877       22430      2342              \-

  Craft                             1426       1636       1936              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   975        1861       2597              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  89         152        232               79

  Household Services                94         13         15                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   220        455        405               \-

  Operative/Transport               608        449        431               \-

  Service, except Household         1118       1367       2003              \-

  Technical                         692        793        862               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.5.3 Merritt Island Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.5.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Merritt Island,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total Permitted Vessels             7          4          7          8

  Commercial King Mackerel            3          3          6          5

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         4          3          2          0

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            2          0          0          0

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          0          1          4
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        0          0          1          4
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          2          2

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          0          0          0

  Swordfish                           2          0          0          0

  Shark                               4          1          1          0

  Rock Shrimp                         1          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     2          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.5.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Merritt
Island, Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           1125

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           18

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           7

  Marinas                        713930           23

  Total Fishing Employment                        1176
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.6 Cape Canaveral (32920)

![](media/image54.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.6.1 Community Description

Cape Canaveral received its name from the Spanish explorers who found it
in the early 1500s. The word "Cape" was used to describe the land
formation, and the word "Canaveral" comes from the Spanish word for
"canebreak." There is much debate over the exact translation and meaning
of the name. A traveling exhibition for the Smithsonian Institute
translates Cape Canaveral as "Place of the Cane Bearers," so named by
Spanish explorer Francisco Gordillo after he was shot by an Ais Indian
arrow made of cane. Others believe it should be translated as "Point of
Reeds" or "Point of Canes" because the Spanish mistook some of the
indigenous plants for sugar cane. Whatever the exact translation of the
name may be, all agree that it is of Spanish origin.[^42]

Even before the area of Cape Canaveral was settled, it was an important
landmark for sailors. Once sighted, they would turn northeastward for
the journey back to Europe. Douglas D. Dummitt arrived in the area in
the 1820s, establishing Dummitt Grove on Merritt Island. He used the
Indian River to ship his oranges northward, beginning in 1828. However,
the actual geographic area known as Cape Canaveral was not settled until
the 1840s. Cut off from the mainland, this small community remained
self-reliant until the late 1800s.[^43]

The city of Cape Canaveral really began to expand in the early 1920s
when a group of retired Orlando journalists were vacationing in the area
and appraising its value. They invested over \$150,000 in the
surrounding beach areas, calling it *Journalista*, the area today known
as *Avon-by-the-Sea*. Instead of the area becoming solely a beach resort
for wealthy inland residents and northerners, many fishermen moved into
the area as well.[^44] However, with the establishment and expansion of
the space program in the United States in the late 1950s and early
1960s, Cape Canaveral, Titusville, Merritt Island, and the surrounding
communities truly began to expand.

Today, the residents of Cape Canaveral and the rest of Brevard County
rely on the surrounding waters. Port Canaveral, constructed in the
1950s, is the second busiest cruise port in the world and home to many
charter fishing companies in the area.[^45] The more than three dozen
charter fishing boats offer half-day, three-quarter-day, full-day, and
gulf stream trips for dolphin, tuna, king and Spanish mackerel, wahoo,
redfish, tarpon, snook, snapper, grouper, and many others. Both light
tackle flats fishing on the Indian and Banana Rivers and Mosquito Lagoon
as well as deep sea fishing are available. Most of the boat captains are
second or third generation fishermen. The history of fishing in Brevard
County dates back more than 100 years.

Cape Canaveral's population has grown steadily over the years while the
percent of the population in the labor force has dropped. Unemployment
has also dropped but remains above 5 percent. Average wage and salary
has grown while the number of persons living below the poverty level has
dropped from a high in 1990 of 1282 to 1035 in 2000. The number of
persons working in the fish, farm and forestry sector has dropped
significantly to only 17 persons in 2000 for both occupation and
industry. Cape Canaveral has 15 vessels with federal permits homeported
there (Table 5.6.3.1) with a large portion of the employment in fishing
related business in marinas with 125 according to Table 5.6.3.2. with 35
in boat building and 17 in fish and seafood.

### 5.6.2 Cape Canaveral Census Demographics

#### 5.6.2.1 Population

Table 5.6.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Cape
Canaveral, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     4258       5733       8014       8954

  Persons Age 0-5                   352        251        466        308

  Persons Age 6-15                  618        444        540        509

  Persons Age 16-17                 81         100        100        163

  Persons Age 18-24                 838        1165       789        589

  Persons Age 25-34                 855        1073       1870       1155

  Persons Age 35-44                 664        639        1239       1504

  Persons Age 45-54                 435        552        850        1416

  Persons Age 55-64                 221        734        867        1138

  Persons Age 65+                   132        721        1293       2172
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.6.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.6.2.2. Housing Tenure for Cape Canaveral, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      58.1       50.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      41.9       49.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.6.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.6.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Cape Canaveral, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2371       2812

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2117       3196
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.6.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.6.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Cape Canaveral, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              70.2       59.6

  Percent unemployed                                  6.8        5.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.6.2.5 Race

Table 5.6.2.5. Race for Cape Canaveral, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     0          182        277        119

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          40         7

  Latino Persons                    95         159        374        307

  White Persons                     4242       5410       7545       8,114

  Latino White Persons              95         121        300        245
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.6.2.6 Education

Table 5.6.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Cape Canaveral, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau
& MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        209        280        213        179

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       306        419        814        849

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 904        1461       1939       2315

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     458        863        1368       2147

  25+ w/ College Degree             430        696        1311       2585

  Drop outs                         49         58         36         13
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.6.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.6.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Cape Canaveral, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$9357     \$14616    \$27764    \$30858
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       332        890        1282       1035

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       40         52         74         155

  Households with Public Assistance 43         115        204        147
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.6.2.8 Industry

Table 5.6.2.8. Employment by Industry for Cape Canaveral, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      20         32         68         17

  Construction                      83         276        319        398

  Business Services                 263        146        309        323

  Communication/Utilities           77         89         32         132

  Manufacturing                     739        584        864        462

  Financial, Insurance & Real       722        501        799        283
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          86         166        201        1722

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            656        360        1438       1191

  Transportation                    327        621        1060       270
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.6.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.6.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Cape Canaveral, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             86         240        638              \-

  Clerical                          492        3840       583              \-

  Craft                             242        410        492              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   175        353        488              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  0          23         123              17

  Household Services                0          10         18               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   30         107        143              \-

  Operative/Transport               119        138        199              \-

  Service, except Household         216        469        754              \-

  Technical                         137        179        238              \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.6.3 Cape Canaveral Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.6.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Cape Canaveral,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             19         6          10         15

  Commercial King Mackerel            5          1          1          3

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         8          4          7          8

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          1          2          3

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        2          0          0          3
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        2          0          0          3
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          1          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          0          0          2

  Swordfish                           3          0          0          1

  Shark                               9          1          3          3

  Rock Shrimp                         10         3          4          4

  Federal Dealers                     5          2          2          3
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.6.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Cape
Canaveral, Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           0

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           35

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           17

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           125

  Total Fishing Employment                        177
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.7 Sebastian (32976, 32958)

![](media/image55.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.7.1 Community Description

Sebastian and Vero Beach are two of the five districts that comprise
Indian River County. Both communities were first settled in the 1880s.
Communication with the rest of the country and even other counties was
difficult. Therefore, settlers had to hunt, trap, and fish for
everything. The railroad was completed in time for the Spanish American
War, bringing troops to Florida (Newman, 1953). The arrival of the
railroad also increased the commercial fishing sector of Sebastian and
Vero Beach. Icehouses developed to pack and store the fish around 1900,
and the trains exported the products north. The original fish house of
one of the very first commercial fishing families still operates today
on Indian River Drive in Sebastian.[^46]

Today, recreational fishing, along with commercial fishing, is an
important part of the Indian River County culture. The Indian River
Lagoon is home to more than 700 species of fresh and saltwater
fish.[^47] Saltwater anglers can fish the Sebastian Inlet and the
Sebastian River for snook and red drum in the 20 to 30 pound class.
Grouper, snapper, flounder, sheepshead, permit, whiting, blues, and
shark can be caught off the Sebastian Inlet pier.[^48] Deep sea fishing
charters also leave from Sebastian and Vero Beach, offering bottom
fishing and blue water trolling for dolphin, sailfish, wahoo, grouper,
and cobia.

Sebastian has seen moderate population growth since 1990 to 2000 after a
large increase from 1980 to 1990. The percent of the population in the
labor force has remained relatively stable while unemployment has
dropped from 5.7 percent in 1990 to 3.2 in 2000. Average wage and salary
have grown steadily over the past few decades, but the number of persons
who live under the poverty level has increased dramatically. The number
of persons working in the farm, fish and forestry sectors for occupation
and industry has fluctuated since 1980, but has dropped in the most
recent census. There are 71 commercial vessels with federal permits
according to Table 5.7.3.1 and most of those have coastal pelagic
permits. Only 12 of those vessels have charter permits. There is not
much employment reported in the fishing related sectors of Table 5.7.3.2
with only15 in the marinas sector, 9 in fish and seafood and 3 in
fishing.

### 5.7.2 Sebastian Census Demographics

#### 5.7.2.1 Population

Table 5.7.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Sebastian,
Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2831       10158      16450

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          144        762        909

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          346        1201       1990

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          66         138        427

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          208        499        855

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          324        1475       1279

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          226        1267       2507

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          230        928        2145

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          587        1323       1848

  Persons Age 65+                   .          682        2565       4490
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.7.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.7.2.2. Housing Tenure for Sebastian, Florida 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      19.2       12.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      80.8       87.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.7.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.7.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Sebastian, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1923       2735

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      3066       7761
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.7.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.7.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Sebastian, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              51.3       52.0

  Percent unemployed                                  5.7        3.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.7.2.5 Race

Table 5.7.2.5. Race for Sebastian, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          51         503

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          12

  Latino Persons                    .          48         90         625

  White Persons                     .          2808       9856       14748

  Latino White Persons              .          27         51         407
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.7.2.6 Education

Table 5.7.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Sebastian, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          347        532        401

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          413        1473       1986

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          835        2894       4859

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          320        1389       3804

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          134        749        2478

  Drop outs                         .          37         85         52
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.7.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table5.7.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Sebastian, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$13218    \$28122    \$39327
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          290        684        1025

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          48         203        223

  Households with Public Assistance .          65         150        126
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.7.2.8 Industry

Table 5.7.2.8. Employment by Industry for Sebastian, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          89         149        82

  Construction                      .          130        567        602

  Business Services                 .          34         184        245

  Communication/Utilities           .          42         71         222

  Manufacturing                     .          130        326        408

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          111        264        558
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          77         306        3615

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          152        1221       1833

  Transportation                    .          237        1048       171
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.7.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.7.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Sebastian, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          138        547              \-

  Clerical                          .          1560       620              \-

  Craft                             .          197        591              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          76         429              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          70         139              50

  Household Services                .          2          35               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          31         193              \-

  Operative/Transport               .          94         203              \-

  Service, except Household         .          114        541              \-

  Technical                         .          12         172              \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.7.3 Sebastian Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.7.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Sebastian, Florida
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             69         60         74         71

  Commercial King Mackerel            51         50         62         61

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         52         46         56         47

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            6          2          7          6

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        6          5          7          12
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        5          5          8          12
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          11         13         15

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          8          7          6

  Swordfish                           6          0          1          2

  Shark                               23         5          6          6

  Rock Shrimp                         0          1          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.7.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Sebastian,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           9

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           15

  Total Fishing Employment                        27
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.8 Fort Pierce (34950)

![](media/image56.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.8.1 Community Description

The Spanish built Fort Santa Lucia on the Jupiter Inlet in 1565 from
which the county now draws its name---St. Lucie County.[^49] Permanent
US inhabitance of Ft. Pierce dates back to the Seminole Indian War. US
Army Lt. Col. Benjamin Kendrick Pierce, for whom the town is named,
built a fort in 1837 to use as the army's headquarters. The war ended in
the early 1840s, making way for settlement and development: "Water
transportation, fishing and canning fish were key to the area's early
economy."[^50] The arrival of Henry Flagler's railroad in the early
1900s opened Ft. Pierce's economy to the rest of the east coast. Ft.
Pierce beach was used as a naval base during World War II.[^51]

The culture of fishing has been in the area since its inception.
Anecdotes passed down from one generation to the next of Ft. Pierce
residents describe the abundance of fish in the area in the late 1800s
and early 1900s. One such story, told by Newman (1953) in her book,
[Early Life Along the Beautiful Indian River]{.underline}, tells of a
man who bound his shirt at the sleeves and waist and cut a plunging
neckline. He would then stand in the water until the shirt was full of
fish and then empty it out into a bucket on the shore. In the late
1800s, a man from the nearby town of Titusville helped to create the
commercial fishing sector in Ft. Pierce. He would bring the fish to
Titusville for shipping to the rest of the east coast. The first
icehouse for packaging fish was built in 1900 (Newman, 1953).

Recreational fishing has also become a popular pastime in Ft. Pierce and
the rest of St. Lucie County. This is due in large part to the fleet of
Spanish galleons that sunk off the St. Lucie and Martin Counties
coastline. These artificial reefs have created excellent fishing and
diving spots for locals and tourists. The reefs attract spiny lobsters,
marlin, snook, flounder, and grouper.[^52] Some of the more popular fish
in the St. Lucie River include channel bass, snook, ladyfish, jack
crevalle, and trout. Black bass is another famous catch in the
area.[^53] Most charter fishing boats in the area offer half,
three-quarter, and full-day trips for dolphin, sailfish, wahoo,
amberjack, tuna, kingfish, snapper, and grouper.

Fort Pierce has seen moderate population growth over the past three
decades while the percent of the population in the labor force has
remained around 55 percent while unemployment has dropped from 12.4
percent in 1990 to 8.8 percent in 2000. Average wage and salary has
grown slowly over the past ten years while the number of persons living
under the poverty level has risen significantly. The number of people
working in farm, fish and forestry has remained relatively high for both
occupation and industry over the years with both categories having over
1000 persons in each. There are over 100 vessels with federal permits
homeported in Ft. Pierce and most of those have coastal pelagic permits
(Table 5.8.3.1). There are over 260 persons employed in the boat
building sector of fishing related employment according to Table
5.8.3.2.

### 5.8.2 Fort Pierce Census Demographics

#### 5.8.2.1 Population

Table 5.8.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Fort
Pierce, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     29728      33802      36830      37489

  Persons Age 0-5                   2825       2672       3770       3319

  Persons Age 6-15                  6204       5161       5001       5685

  Persons Age 16-17                 1153       1227       950        961

  Persons Age 18-24                 3013       4263       3203       3912

  Persons Age 25-34                 3232       4507       5372       4627

  Persons Age 35-44                 3038       3110       4245       5004

  Persons Age 45-54                 3261       3149       3322       4135

  Persons Age 55-64                 2810       3691       3586       3172

  Persons Age 65+                   3633       5471       7381       6674
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.8.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.8.2.2. Housing Tenure for Fort Pierce, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      46.7       47.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      53.3       53.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.8.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.8.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Fort Pierce, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      10927      10892

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      15288      16134
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.8.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.8.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Fort Pierce, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              55.0       55.1

  Percent unemployed                                  12.4       8.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.8.2.5 Race

Table5.8.2.5. Race for Fort Pierce, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     14422      14600      15666      15109

  Latino Black Persons              17         63         197        217

  Latino Persons                    37         736        2168       5629

  White Persons                     15289      18978      19807      15516

  Latino White Persons              20         622        851        3069
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 

#### 5.8.2.6 Education

Table 5.8.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Fort Pierce, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        5802       5688       4386       4737

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       3515       3786       5929       7004

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 3872       5936       6091       6839

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     1585       2710       3590       5549

  25+ w/ College Degree             1200       1808       2691       4229

  Drop outs                         696        753        612        1025
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 

#### 5.8.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.8.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Fort Pierce, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6273     \$13564    \$23595    \$25121
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       10006      9135       10591      11471

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       1337       1129       1145       1168

  Households with Public Assistance 857        1503       1660       863
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 

#### 5.8.2.8 Industry

Table 5.8.2.8. Employment by Industry for Fort Pierce, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      2460       1838       1324       1119

  Construction                      885        1258       1100       1803

  Business Services                 260        467        521        388

  Communication/Utilities           315        693        463        365

  Manufacturing                     846        1149       962        1139

  Financial, Insurance & Real       342        485        593        625
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          440        693        661        6453

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            3110       1916       4277       3822

  Transportation                    2405       3005       3387       433
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.8.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.8.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Fort Pierce, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             749        1504       1658              \-

  Clerical                          1267       15320      1869              \-

  Craft                             1244       1786       1407              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   891        1104       1072              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  2095       1568       1313              1289

  Household Services                368        176        108               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   884        870        805               \-

  Operative/Transport               876        746        578               \-

  Service, except Household         1708       1895       2552              \-

  Technical                         54         155        251               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.8.3 Fort Pierce Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.8.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Fort Pierce,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             88         64         81         100

  Commercial King Mackerel            54         52         62         71

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         63         59         72         73

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            10         8          9          11

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        1          0          0          7
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        1          0          0          6
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             5          13         17         18

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          6          7          7

  Swordfish                           18         8          8          11

  Shark                               46         18         18         24

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     4          3          4          2
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.8.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Fort Pierce,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           12

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           265

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           7

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           3

  Marinas                        713930           21

  Total Fishing Employment                        308
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.9 Jupiter (33458,33468,33469,33477,33478)

![](media/image57.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.9.1 Community Description

The name Jupiter derives from the original inhabitants of the area, the
Jeaga Indians. The Native Americans called themselves Jobe, so the
Spanish explorers called the inlet the Jobe River. The English settlers
who arrived in the 1760s thought the name was Jove, a mythological god
also known as Jupiter.[^54] Jupiter first became famous when Jonathan
Dickinson's boat the "Reformation" was shipwrecked along the coast in
1696. However, it was not until 1821 that real development of the area
began. Eusebio Gomez was given 12,000 acres in a land grant in 1815. In
1821, he "started the real estate business on Jupiter Island by selling
8,000 of his acres for \$8,000" (Reed, 1955:12).

Sport fishermen have been present in the Jupiter Island region since the
1800s. Stanley (1988) lists numerous species of fish that were and still
are popular in Jupiter Island. Snook, tarpon, mangrove snapper, and jack
crevalle were some of the most desired fish. Later, with the advancement
of boat technology, species in the Gulf Stream, such as sailfish,
dolphin, wahoo, and King mackerel became popular catches of the local
fishermen.

Two events of the late 1920s decreased some of the fishing in the area.
A hurricane struck Lake Okeechobee in 1928. The devastation it caused
led to the Okeechobee Flood Control Project. The project created high
levels of silt and mud around Jupiter Island, causing a severe decline
in the snapper and grouper populations, "two of the most sought after
food fish" (Stanley, 1988:20). However, this did not diminish the appeal
of sport fishing. J.D. Bassett moved from Virginia to Palm Beach in
1925. He was one of the most avid fishermen in Jupiter. "He made the
trip to and from Palm Beach so often that the captain of his boat said,
'Mr. Bassett, you come up here almost every day. Why don't you just move
up here'" (Stanley, 1988:28). Bassett was not the only person drawn to
Jupiter's waters.

Many of the fishermen in Jupiter practice catch and release. "In
February 1986, three Palm Beach-based sportfishing boats caught and
released 72 sailfish in a span of five hours five miles east of the
Jupiter Island Beach Club" (Stanley, 1988:21). Many of those who enjoy
fishing Jupiter Island today are said to be descended from those
families that have been fishing the area for decades.

Jupiter has seen fairly steady population growth with its 2000
population reaching 39,314. The labor force has remained fairly constant
with just over 60 percent of the population participating. Unemployment
has also remained low at 3.3 percent for both 1990 and 2000. Average
wage and salary have risen to a high of \$54, 945 and the number of
persons living under the poverty level has also climbed to a high of
1885 in 2000. The number of people working in farm, fish and forestry
occupations and industry reached a peak in 1990 but has since declined
dramatically in 2000. Jupiter has 77 vessels homeported with federal
permits as shown in Table 5.9.3.1 and most of them have coastal pelagic
permits with 20 holding snapper grouper class 1 permits. There is some
fishing related employment according to Table 5.9.3.2 with 40 persons
employed in the marinas sector and 16 in fish and seafood.

### 5.9.2 Jupiter Census Demographics

#### 5.9.2.1 Population

Table 5.9.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Jupiter,
Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          9868       24986      39314

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          655        1847       2619

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          1233       2568       4579

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          284        478        908

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          1160       1677       2018

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          1849       4609       4540

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          1115       4396       6868

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          902        2328       5939

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          994        2763       4469

  Persons Age 65+                   .          1533       4320       7374
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.9.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.9.2.2. Housing Tenure for Jupiter, Florida 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      28.2       19.2

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      71.8       80.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.9.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.9.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Jupiter, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      7270       8997

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      7191       18257
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.9.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.9.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Jupiter, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              66.0       61.7

  Percent unemployed                                  3.3        3.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.9.2.5 Race

Table 5.9.2.5. Race for Jupiter, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          90         242        461

  Latino Black Persons              .          2          24         19

  Latino Persons                    .          128        668        2881

  White Persons                     .          9698       24550      35152

  Latino White Persons              .          114        617        2155
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.9.2.6 Education

Table 5.9.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Jupiter, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          517        494        1153

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          1014       1826       2003

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          2712       5498       7725

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          1164       4083       7407

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          986        5020       13165

  Drop outs                         .          88         72         133
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.9.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.9.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Jupiter, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$19706    \$45280    \$54945
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          506        1450       1885

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          69         259        340

  Households with Public Assistance .          111        194        109
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 

#### 5.9.2.8 Industry

Table 5.9.2.8. Employment by Industry for Jupiter, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          96         286        45

  Construction                      .          727        1095       1386

  Business Services                 .          186        705        1686

  Communication/Utilities           .          196        494        896

  Manufacturing                     .          866        1733       1389

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          782        1471       1738
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          542        1487       9725

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          760        4321       4334

  Transportation                    .          882        2962       594
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.9.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.9.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Jupiter, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          536        2299              \-

  Clerical                          .          8230       1758              \-

  Craft                             .          919        1303              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          461        1898              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          118        226               58

  Household Services                .          6          46                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          201        207               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          184        289               \-

  Service, except Household         .          579        1764              \-

  Technical                         .          96         535               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.9.3 Jupiter Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.9.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Jupiter, Florida
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             66         52         75         77

  Commercial King Mackerel            43         46         64         61

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         41         43         57         53

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            15         13         17         15

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        13         6          9          17
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        6          4          5          7
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             2          19         20         20

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             2          8          10         8

  Swordfish                           10         0          0          0

  Shark                               20         3          3          4

  Rock Shrimp                         0          2          1          2

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.9.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Jupiter,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           6

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           15

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           40

  Total Fishing Employment                        61
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.10 Palm Beach (33480)

![](media/image58.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.10.1 Community Description

Palm Beach was originally known as Lake Worth. The name was changed to
Palm Beach in the 1900s, when a man from Philadelphia noticed the
coconut palm trees growing near the lake. In 1878, a ship named the
"Providencia" was sailing from South America back to Barcelona with a
shipment of coconuts. The ship wrecked on the beach and hundreds "of the
coconuts washed ashore, embedded themselves in the sandy beaches, and
sprouted into young trees" (Spencer, 1975:19).

Life for the early settlers was difficult. The only lumber available to
build their homes was from wood washed ashore from shipwrecks. Residents
of Palm Beach had to sail north to Titusville for supplies, such as
flour, meal, and other staples (Spencer, 1975). Most of the original
settlers, prior to 1900, were from Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Iowa, and
Wisconsin. A.O. Lang, a German horticulturist and one of the first
residents of Palm Beach, planted numerous citrus fruit trees, such as
limes, lemons, oranges, and pineapples (First Federal Savings and Loan
Association of Lake Worth, 1967).

Citrus groves were not the only source of food and income for the
residents of Palm Beach. Fish were plentiful for the early settlers. The
importance of fish dates back to the Native Americans who once inhabited
the land. They partook in shark-fishing, using the teeth for cutting,
the vertebrae as ornaments, and the rest for meat. Shellfish were an
important part of the Indians diet as well (McGoun, 1998).

The western part of Palm Beach County was known for its catfish
industry. The arrival of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad
assisted in increasing the profitability of the catfish industry in Palm
Beach, making it easier to ship the fish northward (McGoun, 1998).
However, during WWII, fishermen were not only retrieving fish from the
waters. West Palm Beach was an embarkation point for the Air Force
bomber crews. German submarines would sit offshore and sink US military
vessels. "In the early days of the war, local fishermen would go out and
pick up survivors from these ill-fated ships" (First Federal Savings and
Loan Association of Lake Worth, 1967).

The Frontier days of 1873 to 1893, pioneers called the area from Jupiter
to Hypoluxo the "Lake Worth Region" and traveled by boat from one
homestead to another. H.F. Hammon was the first to claim a homestead in
the area that is now Palm Beach. E.N. "Cap" Dimick was the most
influential settler by being the first hotelier in Palm Beach and the
first Mayor! Most of his family had settled in the area by 1876 and his
descendants still remain.

Palm Beach has seen relatively slight population growth over the past
two decades. It has a low percentage of its population in the labor
force with only 31 percent and Unemployment is low at 3.3 percent.
Average wage and salary is extremely high at \$94,562 and the number of
people living below the poverty line has remained fairly constant at
551. The number of persons working in farm, fish, and forestry
occupation and industry has dropped considerably since 1990 as is the
case for most coastal communities. Table 5.10.3.1 indicates there are 23
vessels with federal permits and about half of them are holding coastal
pelagic permits. There is relatively little fishing related employment
according to Table 5.10.3.2 with only 3 in the fishing sector and 3 in
marinas.

### 5.10.2 Palm Beach Census Demographics

#### 5.10.2.1 Population

Table 5.10.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Palm
Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          9729       9814       10374

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          115        222        302

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          505        357        644

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          168        115        78

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          347        253        121

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          575        527        456

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          623        917        744

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          1148       812        1131

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          1682       1443       1414

  Persons Age 65+                   .          4530       5168       5484
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.10.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.10.2.2. Housing Tenure for Palm Beach, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      22.5       16.1

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      77.5       83.9
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.10.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.10.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Palm Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1763       1826

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      5853       6236
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.10.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.10.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Palm Beach, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              35.2       31.6

  Percent unemployed                                  3.5        3.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.10.2.5 Race

Table 5.10.2.5. Race for Palm Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          64         52         262

  Latino Black Persons              .          7          6          7

  Latino Persons                    .          272        266        268

  White Persons                     .          9640       9456       9817

  Latino White Persons              .          254        249        232
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.10.2.6 Education

Table 5.10.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Palm Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          381        148        62

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          503        360        319

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          2235       1736       1276

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          2209       2293       2093

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          3230       3827       5461

  Drop outs                         .          13         0          18
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.10.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.10.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Palm Beach, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$29092    \$78972    \$94562
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          484        577        551

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          155        215        161

  Households with Public Assistance .          133        125        10
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.10.2.8 Industry

Table 5.10.2.8. Employment by Industry for Palm Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          47         16         18

  Construction                      .          100        121        86

  Business Services                 .          185        142        469

  Communication/Utilities           .          21         11         80

  Manufacturing                     .          188        222        133

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          100        97         807
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          657        824        956

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          984        1261       558

  Transportation                    .          627        596        26
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.10.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.10.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Palm Beach, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          659        785              \-

  Clerical                          .          3060       200              \-

  Craft                             .          96         117              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          823        815              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          10         11               0

  Household Services                .          235        157              \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          43         16               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          46         15               \-

  Service, except Household         .          537        361              \-

  Technical                         .          40         46               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.10.3 Palm Beach Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.10.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Palm Beach,
Florida** (Source: NMFS 2002)

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             23         12         17         23

  Commercial King Mackerel            15         10         14         17

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         16         11         14         16

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            6          1          0          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        4          0          0          2
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        3          0          0          1
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          6          5          6

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          3          4          5

  Swordfish                           2          0          0          0

  Shark                               6          0          1          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.10.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Palm Beach,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    Number Employed

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           3

  Total Fishing Employment                        6
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.11 Boca Raton (33487, 33431, 33486, 33496, 33432, 33434)

![](media/image59.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.11.1 Community Description

The area of current day Boca Raton was inhabited by Native Americans for
nearly 1,000 years before the arrival of the Spanish. The original name
given to the area by the Spanish explorers was "Boca de Ratones." In
nautical terms, "boca" denotes an inlet. Some of the translations
include, "haulage inlet," "inlet of mice," "inlet of sharp-pointed
rocks," and "inlet of cowardly thieves." "Rata," not "raton" is the
Spanish word for rat (Ashton, 1984).

Captain Thomas Moore Rickards, Sr. of Missouri was one of the first
people who wanted to settle the area of Boca Raton. He arrived in
Florida in 1876 and became a citrus farmer in Candler. The freeze of
1894-5 forced him farther south to Lake Boca Raton. A year later, the
tracks for Henry Flagler's East Coast Railroad were laid in Boca Raton,
allowing for easier, faster shipping and more convenient modes of
transportation. By the beginning of the 1900s, Boca Raton "came into
existence as a little agricultural center of orchards and farms"
(Ashton, 1984:3).

In 1904, a Japanese immigrant, Joseph Sakai, established a Japanese
farming community of pineapple farmers in Boca Raton. He named the area
Yamato.[^55]

The land boom of the 1920s and the arrival of famous architect Addison
Mizner helped Boca Raton gain the image it still retains today as that
of a luxurious resort town. He had already helped build up Palm Beach
and was now aiding in the development of the areas to its south (Ashton,
1984).

Boca Raton has experienced fairly steady population growth reaching
75,594 in 2000. Unemployment has risen slightly in 2000 from 1990 but
the percentage of the population in the labor force has remained around
59 percent. The average wage and salary is high being above \$60,000 yet
the number of persons living below the poverty level has grown steadily
since 1970. The number of persons employed in farm, fish and forestry
occupations and industry dropped dramatically in 2000 from a high in
1990. There are 8 vessels with federal permits listed in Table 5.11.3.1
but there are no federal dealers in Boca Raton. As far as fishing
related employment there are 21 people listed in the fish and seafood
sector according to Table 5.11.3.2.

### 5.11.2 Boca Raton Census Demographics

#### 5.11.2.1 Population

Table 5.11.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Boca
Raton, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     28542      49505      61491      75594

  Persons Age 0-5                   1443       1650       3573       4282

  Persons Age 6-15                  4321       5681       5589       8325

  Persons Age 16-17                 701        1668       1334       1566

  Persons Age 18-24                 2901       5249       5241       6284

  Persons Age 25-34                 2709       5943       9418       7859

  Persons Age 35-44                 2794       5654       9377       9536

  Persons Age 45-54                 2835       5173       7155       11508

  Persons Age 55-64                 3900       6313       6592       8564

  Persons Age 65+                   6622       11789      13212      15016
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.11.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.11.2.2. Housing Tenure for Boca Raton, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      25.6       24.3

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      74.4       75.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.11.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.11.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Boca Raton, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      11678      15372

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      26473      35856
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.11.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.11.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Boca Raton, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              60.1       59.1

  Percent unemployed                                  3.3        5.8
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.11.2.5 Race

Table 5.11.2.5. Race for Boca Raton, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     730        992        1734       2725

  Latino Black Persons              0          22         31         85

  Latino Persons                    690        2167       3378       6359

  White Persons                     27781      47930      58008      62925

  Latino White Persons              690        2047       2880       4926
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.11.2.6 Education

Table 5.11.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Boca Raton, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        2464       2493       1672       1436

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       2591       2982       3615       3988

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 6051       11947      10984      12037

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     3720       7748       10352      12509

  25+ w/ College Degree             4034       9702       15952      29350

  Drop outs                         144        320        94         351
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.11.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.11.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Boca Raton, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$11409    \$24986    \$54959    \$60248
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       1763       2458       3282       4886

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       399        530        541        716

  Households with Public Assistance 120        517        592        389
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.11.2.8 Industry

Table 5.11.2.8. Employment by Industry for Boca Raton, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      148        437        731        60

  Construction                      764        1775       1889       1875

  Business Services                 313        1334       1384       3854

  Communication/Utilities           223        583        768        1845

  Manufacturing                     1726       2803       2429       2205

  Financial, Insurance & Real       1565       2168       1605       4648
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          812        2552       4014       16276

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            3537       4486       10629      8583

  Transportation                    1784       4864       8070       821
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.11.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.11.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Boca Raton, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             965        3613       6048       \-

  Clerical                          1754       31030      4074       \-

  Craft                             1012       2226       2183       \-

  Exec/Managerial                   1339       3370       5692       \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  51         395        477        43

  Household Services                193        158        251        \-

  Laborer/Handler                   280        402        516        \-

  Operative/Transport               310        541        376        \-

  Service, except Household         1242       2906       3518       \-

  Technical                         150        834        1203       \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

### 5.11.3 Boca Raton Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.11.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Boca Raton,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             7          2          4          8

  Commercial King Mackerel            3          2          3          5

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         3          2          1          2

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            1          1          1          1

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        2          0          1          4
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        2          1          1          2
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             0          0          0          1

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             0          2          2          3

  Swordfish                           2          0          0          0

  Shark                               2          0          0          0

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.11.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Boca Raton,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           21

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           6

  Marinas                        713930           9

  Total Fishing Employment                        39
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.12 Key Largo (33037)

![](media/image60.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.12.1 Community Description

The Florida Keys were first discovered by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513. He
named them Los Martires, the martyrs, "because they seemed twisted and
tortured" (Williams, 1991:3). The first permanent European settlement
did not occur until the mid-1800s; however, the Keys were inhabited by
the Calusa Indians for thousands of years. Williams notes (1991:3), the
first people to establish permanent homes in the Upper Keys---Key Largo
and Islamorada---were Methodist fishermen and farmers. Ben Baker
established pineapple farming in Key Largo, the longest Key and oldest
named site in Florida, in 1866. He shipped his fruit on small boats to
Key West, where the produce was loaded onto larger vessels for shipment
to the northern states.[^56]

### 5.12.2 Key Largo Census Demographics

#### 5.12.2.1 Population

Table 5.12.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Key Largo,
Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     2866       7447       11350      11980

  Persons Age 0-5                   217        333        624        584

  Persons Age 6-15                  467        844        1018       1503

  Persons Age 16-17                 57         144        213        282

  Persons Age 18-24                 195        537        660        656

  Persons Age 25-34                 271        1045       1789       1384

  Persons Age 35-44                 307        738        1833       2199

  Persons Age 45-54                 411        1127       1491       2160

  Persons Age 55-64                 455        1279       1697       1451

  Persons Age 65+                   468        1360       2025       1761
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.12.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.12.2.2. Housing Tenure for Key Largo, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      26.4       28.8

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      73.6       71.2
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.12.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.12.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Key Largo, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1937       2518

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      5124       5490
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.12.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.12.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Key Largo, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              62.7       63.1

  Percent unemployed                                  3.9        3.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.12.2.5 Race

Table 5.12.2.5. Race for Key Largo, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     270        276        336        227

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          26         16

  Latino Persons                    89         265        1062       1979

  White Persons                     2596       7054       10758      9,446

  Latino White Persons              89         257        896        1772
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.12.2.6 Education

Table 5.12.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Key Largo, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        535        479        598        360

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       447        1072       1333       1230

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 735        2048       2772       3059

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     95         1227       1758       2528

  25+ w/ College Degree             100        723        1776       2992

  Drop outs                         32         32         93         34
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.12.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.12.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Key Largo, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6860     \$14893    \$38138    \$42577
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       477        643        1233       996

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       125        151        149        138

  Households with Public Assistance 40         97         192        86
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.12.2.8 Industry

Table5.12.2.8. Employment by Industry for Key Largo, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      60         199        175        136

  Construction                      124        450        524        680

  Business Services                 49         110        365        302

  Communication/Utilities           42         191        268        243

  Manufacturing                     14         221        419        160

  Financial, Insurance & Real       0          135        317        449
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          25         218        454        2108

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            335        530        1912       2021

  Transportation                    284        612        1403       281
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.12.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.12.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Key Largo, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             79         240        740               \-

  Clerical                          145        4710       785               \-

  Craft                             142        544        946               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   141        315        685               \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  0          195        174               129

  Household Services                30         41         44                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   90         147        223               \-

  Operative/Transport               67         131        126               \-

  Service, except Household         226        559        1053              \-

  Technical                         0          68         242               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.12.3 Key Largo Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.12.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Key Largo,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             59         40         48         57

  Commercial King Mackerel            19         19         21         20

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         21         19         20         18

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            7          5          6          6

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        14         5          5          20
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        9          3          2          15
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             1          28         35         33

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          6          8          7

  Swordfish                           11         1          1          1

  Shark                               17         3          4          6

  Rock Shrimp                         1          1          1          0

  Federal Dealers                     1          1          1          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.12.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Key Largo,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           6

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           6

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           0

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           37

  Total Fishing Employment                        49
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.13 Islamorada (33070, 33036)

![](media/image61.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.13.1 Community Description

Incorporated in 1997 and officially named Islamorada, Village of
Islands, the community includes the islands of Upper and Lower Matecumba
Keys, Plantation Key and Windley Key. The first settlers were Conchs who
were of British descent by way of the Bahamas. They fished and raised
fruits and vegetables to survive. In the early 1930's wealthy Americans
began to vacation in this area, particularly for the sport fishing. It
has remained an important sport fishing center and self proclaimed
"Sportfishing Capital of the World." It has been estimated that there
are over 100 charter fishing vessels in Islamorada. In addition to
offshore charters there are probably just as many guide boats that fish
the nearshore and inshore waters. The community supports a large tourist
economy that is centered on the charter fishing industry and has at
least 24 marinas and approximately 45 hotels/motels to cater to
fishermen. There are at least 6 air fill stations where divers can fill
their tanks and several marinas offer dive trips. There are a few
commercial operations in the community but not many with most supporting
a retail wholesale operation with a restaurant.

The community has seen substantial population growth because of its
recent incorporation. Employment and unemployment have not changed
dramatically. Average wage and salary have increased and so has the
number of persons living below the poverty level. Both may be artifacts
of the incorporation. This community is one of the few that has seen an
increase in the number of persons working in farm, fish and forestry
according to Table 5.13.2.8 and fishing related employment is spread out
among marinas, fish and seafood and boat building (Table 5.13.3.2).

### 5.13.2 Islamorada Census Demographics

#### 5.13.2.1 Population

Table 5.13.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for
Islamorada, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          1482       1293       6847

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          49         46         344

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          149        95         590

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          23         7          149

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          144        58         313

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          259        148        459

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          148        346        1442

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          254        107        1377

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          214        238        992

  Persons Age 65+                   .          235        248        1181
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.13.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.13.2.2. Housing Tenure for Islamorada, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      34.1       28.9

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      65.9       71.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.13.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.13.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Islamorada, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      331        1171

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      564        3614
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.13.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.13.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Islamorada, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              74.0       62.9

  Percent unemployed                                  1.2        3.7
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.13.2.5 Race

Table 5.13.2.5. Race for Islamorada, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          0          11         12

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          5

  Latino Persons                    .          177        109        66

  White Persons                     .          1482       1232       1137

  Latino White Persons              .          177        59         42
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.13.2.6 Education

Table 5.13.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Islamorada, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          226        104        158

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          153        137        354

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          412        222        1726

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          175        322        1538

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          144        249        2054

  Drop outs                         .          6          6          29
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.13.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.13.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Islamorada, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$17848    \$35041    \$41522
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          200        117        466

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          26         20         50

  Households with Public Assistance .          29         13         65
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.13.2.8 Industry

Table 5.13.2.8. Employment by Industry for Islamorada, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          134        57         129

  Construction                      .          69         32         232

  Business Services                 .          19         18         196

  Communication/Utilities           .          57         26         88

  Manufacturing                     .          36         38         66

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          36         23         193
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          51         48         1345

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          247        216        1283

  Transportation                    .          192        353        222
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.13.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.13.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Islamorada, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          81         153              \-

  Clerical                          .          770        79               \-

  Craft                             .          66         66               \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          192        153              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          162        65               138

  Household Services                .          8          7                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          29         19               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          8          7                \-

  Service, except Household         .          129        194              \-

  Technical                         .          8          24               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.13.3 Islamorada Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.13.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Islamorada,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permits                       88         28         36         83

  Commercial King Mackerel            24         19         20         18

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         26         13         14         12

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            10         5          6          6

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        52         5          5          54
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        36         5          7          40
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             7          19         21         21

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             1          5          7          5

  Swordfish                           12         0          0          0

  Shark                               15         1          1          1

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          0          0

  Federal Dealers                     2          2          3          1
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.13.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Islamorada,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           3

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           10

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           25

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           33

  Total Fishing Employment                        71
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.14 Marathon (33050)

![](media/image62.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.14.1 Community Description

Marathon, or Key Vaca as it was called by the Spanish, was originally
settled in the early 1800s by a group of Bahamians and numerous families
from Mystic, Connecticut involved in fishing. Salvaging cargo from the
Spanish Galleons in the area was also steeped in this key's history as
well.[^57] Marathon has seen steady growth in its population since 1970.
The percentage of the population employed in the labor force along with
unemployment has remained constant over the past ten years. Average wage
and salary have also slowly increased over the years, but the number of
individuals living under the poverty level has also climbed to over 1400
persons. The number of persons working in occupations or industry sector
of farm, fish and forestry has dropped since 1990 but still remains high
at over 200 persons. There are over 180 vessels with federal permits and
the majority of those have coastal pelagic permits (Table 5.14.3.1).
Over 50 of those vessels have charter permits for either coastal
pelagics or snapper grouper. Other permits that are held by over 40
vessels include spiny lobster, snapper grouper class 1 and 2. There are
also 7 federal dealers in Marathon. According to Table 5.14.3.2 there
are 92 persons employed in the fish and seafood sector of fishing
related employment. There are 39 in the fishing sector and 47 in
marinas.

### 5.14.2 Marathon Census Demographics

#### 5.14.2.1 Population

Table 5.14.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Marathon,
Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     4461       7568       8857       10194

  Persons Age 0-5                   284        267        585        482

  Persons Age 6-15                  740        945        864        1002

  Persons Age 16-17                 100        190        196        194

  Persons Age 18-24                 358        801        509        643

  Persons Age 25-34                 520        1262       1275       1198

  Persons Age 35-44                 482        833        1397       1778

  Persons Age 45-54                 620        870        1237       1961

  Persons Age 55-64                 686        1196       1223       1349

  Persons Age 65+                   589        1149       1571       1587
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.14.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.14.2.2. Housing Tenure for Marathon, Florida 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      34.5       36.7

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      65.5       63.3
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.14.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.14.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Marathon, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      2103       1898

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      3184       5029
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.14.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.14.2.4. Employment and Unemployment for Marathon, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              59.0       63.7

  Percent unemployed                                  3.9        3.5
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.14.2.5 Race

Table 5.14.2.5. Race for Marathon, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     351        274        586        449

  Latino Black Persons              0          0          85         28

  Latino Persons                    49         302        1075       2095

  White Persons                     4110       7076       8001       7,513

  Latino White Persons              49         244        802        1828
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.14.2.6 Education

Table 5.14.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Marathon, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        586        668        635        445

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       629        859        1241       1316

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 931        2095       1908       2696

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     505        918        1423       2240

  25+ w/ College Degree             246        770        1080       2222

  Drop outs                         78         62         33         19
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.14.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.14.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Marathon, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6745     \$15495    \$28609    \$36010
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       677        959        1313       1422

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       102        126        114        205

  Households with Public Assistance 52         155        178        99
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.14.2.8 Industry

Table 5.14.2.8. Employment by Industry for Marathon, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      217        319        379        217

  Construction                      242        477        300        619

  Business Services                 85         96         157        227

  Communication/Utilities           24         152        141        165

  Manufacturing                     69         174        184        110

  Financial, Insurance & Real       41         90         121        267
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          49         146        274        1800

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            601        705        1332       2003

  Transportation                    453        920        1278       233
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.14.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.14.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Marathon, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             144        353        617              \-

  Clerical                          195        4580       364              \-

  Craft                             324        476        537              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   244        441        553              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  59         328        365              217

  Household Services                32         16         18               \-

  Laborer/Handler                   166        171        156              \-

  Operative/Transport               104        158        137              \-

  Service, except Household         339        525        958              \-

  Technical                         46         55         81               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.14.3 Marathon Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.14.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Marathon, Florida
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permits                       194        128        159        189

  Commercial King Mackerel            83         70         91         82

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         106        93         113        103

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            53         44         48         40

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        32         10         14         52
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        36         16         22         57
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             8          45         55         51

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             4          39         46         41

  Swordfish                           21         2          2          4

  Shark                               47         2          3          0

  Rock Shrimp                         2          3          4          2

  Federal Dealers                     8          7          7          7
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.14.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Marathon,
Florida. (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           39

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           92

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           6

  Marinas                        713930           47

  Total Fishing Employment                        184
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 

## 5.15 Big Pine Key (33042, 33043)

![](media/image63.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 

### 5.15.1 Community Description

Big Pine Key, located in the Lower Keys, does not have a true history of
its own. Settlement was sparse well into the twentieth century. The 1870
census for Big Pine Key lists only one inhabitant, George Wilson.[^58]
Wilson was a charcoal burner, providing his product for residents of Key
West before the days of electricity.[^59] A shark processing plant was
established on Big Pine in 1923 by Hydenoil Products. The sharks were
harvested for their leather and liver oil. The company averaged 100
sharks a day in 1930. The fishermen caught mostly hammerhead, sand,
nurse, dusky, leopard, sawfish sharks. Even with this seeming success,
the plant was shutdown in 1931 because of possible financial
difficulty.[^60]

Big Pine Key and Cudjoe Key are included in tables for fishing
demographics but the census demographics include only Big Pine Key. The
population for this area has seen steady growth, while the percent of
the population in the labor force and unemployment have remained fairly
constant over the years with unemployment fairly low at 2.1 percent.
Average wage and salary have increased steadily along with the number of
persons living under the poverty level. The number of person working in
the farm, fish and forestry occupation has dropped since 1990 but still
remains high compared to other coastal communities. There are over 100
vessels with federal permits and they are spread out among the different
types with most holding coastal pelagic permits but many with snapper
grouper also (Table 5.15.3.1). According to Table 5.15.3.2 there are 50
people employed in the fishing sector and another 27 in the marinas
sector.

### 5.15.2 Big Pine Key Census Demographics

#### 5.15.2.1 Population

Table 5.15.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Big Pine
Key, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN
Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National
Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     .          2321       4124       5049

  Persons Age 0-5                   .          64         260        206

  Persons Age 6-15                  .          260        270        524

  Persons Age 16-17                 .          36         60         96

  Persons Age 18-24                 .          218        206        157

  Persons Age 25-34                 .          359        678        622

  Persons Age 35-44                 .          252        714        759

  Persons Age 45-54                 .          288        603        1033

  Persons Age 55-64                 .          417        603        707

  Persons Age 65+                   .          427        730        752
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.15.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.15.2.2. Housing Tenure for Big Pine Key, Florida 1990-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      22.1       23.0

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      77.9       77.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.1.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.15.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Big Pine Key, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1015       777

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      1530       2743
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.15.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.15.2.4 Employment and Unemployment for Big Pine Key, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              54.5       62.3

  Percent unemployed                                  2.4        2.1
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.15.2.5 Race

Table 5.15.2.5. Race for Big Pine Key, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     .          49         49         51

  Latino Black Persons              .          0          0          4

  Latino Persons                    .          49         144        338

  White Persons                     .          2256       4033       4,496

  Latino White Persons              .          49         136        276
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.15.2.6 Education

Table 5.15.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Big Pine Key, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        .          236        125        102

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       .          299        477        479

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 .          628        1011       1475

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     .          334        842        1006

  25+ w/ College Degree             .          246        659        1453

  Drop outs                         .          30         0          8
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.15.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.15.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Big Pine Key, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     .          \$16176    \$29418    \$44514
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       .          204        330        472

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       .          52         61         53

  Households with Public Assistance .          19         33         67
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.15.2.8 Industry

Table 5.15.2.8. Employment by Industry for Big Pine Key, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      .          74         195        105

  Construction                      .          152        174        253

  Business Services                 .          36         73         151

  Communication/Utilities           .          23         65         111

  Manufacturing                     .          32         61         22

  Financial, Insurance & Real       .          16         43         284
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          .          39         125        806

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            .          168        627        650

  Transportation                    .          194        385        111
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.15.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.15.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Big Pine Key, Florida
1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**         **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             .          132        248              \-

  Clerical                          .          860        284              \-

  Craft                             .          177        217              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   .          55         191              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  .          93         177              81

  Household Services                .          3          0                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   .          36         61               \-

  Operative/Transport               .          0          24               \-

  Service, except Household         .          144        313              \-

  Technical                         .          0          32               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

### 5.15.3 Big Pine Key Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.15.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Big Pine Key,
Florida (Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permitted vessels             141        91         99         101

  Commercial King Mackerel            62         49         54         48

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         68         42         45         32

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            25         17         18         14

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        16         7          6          23
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        18         12         12         22
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             12         46         48         44

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             10         25         28         29

  Swordfish                           7          1          1          1

  Shark                               26         2          2          5

  Rock Shrimp                         0          0          1          1

  Federal Dealers                     0          0          0          0
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.15.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Big Pine Key,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           50

  Seafood Canning                311711           7

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           0

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           9

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           21

  Total Fishing Employment                        87
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

##  5.16 Key West (33040, 33041, 33045)

![](media/image64.png){width="6.489583333333333in"
height="5.014583333333333in"}

### 5.16.1 Community Description

Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon and chronicler Antonio de Herrera
were the first Europeans to set eyes upon Key West on May 15, 1513. It
has the distinction of being the oldest city in south Florida (Williams,
1991:125). They called the island Cayo Hueso (Isle of Bones) because of
the numerous bones they found on what was either a Calusa Indian burial
ground or battlefield. It is believed that the English thought the
Spanish meant oeste (west) and changed the name to Key West. However,
the first permanent occupancy of Key West did not occur until 1822.[^61]
In 1822, Spaniard Juan Salas sold the city of Key West to a Mobile,
Alabama businessman named John Simonton for \$2,000.[^62] Naval
Commodore David Porter was sent to establish a naval post to help rid
the area of pirates in that same year. They also established a port in
order to open the shipping lanes from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean,
and the Atlantic. A Customs House was established later that year.[^63]
By 1830, the pirates were gone; however, hurricanes and the fear of
running aground on the coral reefs still plagued boat captains. These
boating difficulties gave way to one of the first profitable ventures in
Key West---salvaging of shipwrecks (Williams, 1991:126-7).

When salvaging was no longer profitable, sponging and Cuban cigar
manufacturing became the mainstays of Key West's economy (Williams,
1991:128). The people of Key West, or conchs as they are commonly known,
began the sponge trade in Florida, and by the 1890s, they made Key West
"the commercial sponging capital of the world."[^64] Nevertheless,
fishing was a primary source of income and survival since the very
beginning. Before permanent settlement of Key West, fishermen from New
England and the Bahamas would come to take advantage of the species the
waters of Key West had to offer. Similarly, in the early 1900s,
fishermen from St. Augustine would fish in Key West and sell their catch
in Havana. Since the beginning, grouper and spiny lobster have been the
most profitable species of the Key West fishing industry.

Shrimp has been another important species for the Key West fishing
community. John Salvador, a son of one of the original fishing families
in St. Augustine, discovered rich shrimping grounds in the Dry Tortugas
in 1950. The rush to harvest the shrimp has been related to the gold
rush of 1849, naming the shrimp "pink gold." "Currently, Key West pink
shrimp make up almost 50% of the total Monroe County shrimp
landings."[^65] The marine resources have been the key to survival and
income for conchs for nearly 200 years. Today, the port in Key West is
famous for its scuba diving, sport fishing, and yachting opportunities.

The population of Key West has not grown much over the past three
decades. The percent of the population in the labor force and
unemployment have both remained fairly constant since 1990. Average wage
and salary has grown over the years while the number of people living
under the poverty level has decreased overall. Key West has the greatest
number of persons working in the farm, fish and forestry categories of
any coastal community with over 300 in both occupation and industry.
Table 5.16.3.1 shows over 360 vessels with federal permits that homeport
in the community. The majority of those vessels have coastal pelagic
permits but other permits are also held by many of these vessels. There
are 15 dealers with federal permits in the community also. Given so many
fishing vessels the number of persons employed in fishing related
employment seems low with only 18 in the fishing sector and 49 in
marinas.

The city of Key West boasts more than two dozen fishing charters in its
area. Most of the boats can support between two and six anglers. Half
and full-day trips seem to be the most popular, with many offering
swordfish fishing excursions at night as well. Some of the most popular
species for offshore sport fishing adventures in the waters off Key West
include sailfish, tuna, wahoo, and dolphin. Many of the fishermen offer
reef and wreck fishing trips, allowing anglers to catch various species
of snapper and grouper. Some of the more popular targeted species
include red snapper, yellowtail snapper, mutton snapper, black grouper,
and mangrove snapper. There are about half a dozen headboats that fish
the waters of Key West as well. These boats can accommodate far more
fisherman. Trips usually last for about four hours. Some of these boats
specifically target snappers and groupers.

Tournaments are also an important part of the recreational fishing
sector in Key West. One of the largest tournaments in the area, The Key
West Fishing Tournament, lasts from April through November; this is the
tournament's thirty-eighth year. Forty-four species of fish are fished,
six of which are groupers and six species of snappers. Other
longstanding tournaments in the area include the Mercury Redbone at
Large Key West Classic and the Mercury S.L.A.M (Southernmost Light
tackle Anglers Masters) held in April and September, respectively. These
tournaments are an opportunity for the recreational fishing boat owners
to make money as well as many of them rent their boats to tournament
participants who do not have vessels of their own.

Marinas and bait and tackle shops are important to the recreational
sector as well as the commercial industry. Key West has more than half a
dozen marinas, many of which are full service marinas. For example, the
Sunset and Oceanside Marinas offer boat repairs, fuel, storage, and
repairs. Many of the recreational fishermen in the area are docked at
either Garrison Bight Marina or at Amberjack Pier at the City Marina.

### 5.16.2 Key West Census Demographics

#### 5.16.2.1 Population

Table 5.16.2.1. Total Persons and Persons by Age category for Key West,
Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic
Database. Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries
Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Total Persons and Age           **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**
  Category**                                                         

  Total Persons                     27323      24382      24832      25480

  Persons Age 0-5                   2441       1425       2135       1373

  Persons Age 6-15                  4902       3279       2333       2322

  Persons Age 16-17                 825        599        383        339

  Persons Age 18-24                 4717       3308       2565       2062

  Persons Age 25-34                 3992       5007       5659       4558

  Persons Age 35-44                 3045       2749       4515       4944

  Persons Age 45-54                 2828       2321       2452       4357

  Persons Age 55-64                 2054       2638       1904       2574

  Persons Age 65+                   1986       2795       2886       2951
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.16.2.2 Housing Tenure

Table 5.16.2.2. Housing Tenure for Key West, Florida 1990-2000. (Source:
U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Percent Renter Occupied**                         **1990**   **2000**

                                                      57.9       54.4

  **Percent Owner Occupied**                          **1990**   **2000**

                                                      42.1       45.6
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.16.2.3 Residence in 1985 and 1995

Table 5.16.2.3. Residence in 1985 and 1995 for Key West, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Different House Same County**                     **1990**   **2000**

                                                      4471       5572

  **Same House**                                      **1990**   **2000**

                                                      8742       9569
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.16.2.4 Employment/Unemployment

Table 5.16.2.4. Employment and Unemployment for Key West, Florida
1990-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau).

  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  **Persons 16 yrs and over**                         **1990**   **2000**

  Percent in labor force                              73.7       70.1

  Percent unemployed                                  3.3        3.0
  ------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -----------

#### 5.16.2.5 Race

Table 5.16.2.5. Race for Key West, Florida 1970-2000. (Source U.S.
Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population
Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Race**                          **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Black Persons                     3224       2790       2584       2237

  Latino Black Persons              191        280        91         128

  Latino Persons                    3293       4959       3951       4215

  White Persons                     23795      20679      21361      18195

  Latino White Persons              3102       4360       3402       3447
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.16.2.6 Education

Table 5.16.2.6. Years of Education by Category for those 25 Years and
Older for Key West, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau &
MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data Center &
National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Education**                     **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  25+ w/ 0-8 years education        4005       2721       1646       1196

  25+ w/ 9-11 years education       2792       2199       1863       2192

  25+ w/ HS diploma                 4628       5462       4831       5598

  25+ w/ 13-15 years. education     1232       2634       4102       5491

  25+ w/ College Degree             1248       2494       3630       7080

  Drop outs                         697        233        132        286
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.16.2.7 Income and Poverty

Table 5.16.2.7. Average Household Wage/Salary and Persons Below the
Poverty Level for Key West, Florida 1970-2000. (Source: U.S. Census
Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database. Louisiana Population Data
Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Wage or Salary**                **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Average Household Wage/Salary     \$6949     \$15039    \$32320    \$43021
  Income (dollars)                                                   

  **Poverty Level**                                                  

  Persons Below Poverty Level       4747       3760       2507       2535

  Age 65+ Below Poverty Level       678        554        505        318

  Households with Public Assistance 355        470        555        169
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.16.2.8 Industry

Table 5.16.2.8. Employment by Industry for Key West, Florida 1970-2000.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Industry**                      **1970**   **1980**   **1990**   **2000**

  Agriculture, Fishing, Mining      352        589        296        319

  Construction                      442        860        865        1123

  Business Services                 165        401        581        682

  Communication/Utilities           393        433        366        463

  Manufacturing                     312        558        365        231

  Financial, Insurance & Real       101        210        150        917
  Estate                                                             

  Services                          273        673        718        4738

  Wholesale/Retail Trade            2183       1995       4176       5069

  Transportation                    1971       2655       4011       487
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

#### 5.16.2.9 Occupation

Table 5.16.2.9. Employment by Occupation for Key West, Florida 1970-2000
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau & MARFIN Sociodemographic Database.
Louisiana Population Data Center & National Marine Fisheries Service).

  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
  **Occupation**                    **1970**   **1980**          **1990**   **2000**

  Sales                             595        1246       1888              \-

  Clerical                          1555       16130      1908              \-

  Craft                             1029       1375       1229              \-

  Exec/Managerial                   717        1348       1541              \-

  Farm/Fish/Forest                  67         505        265               301

  Household Services                141        63         51                \-

  Laborer/Handler                   582        353        347               \-

  Operative/Transport               361        268        177               \-

  Service, except Household         1483       2226       3003              \-

  Technical                         59         209        314               \-
  --------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- ----------

### 5.16.3 Key West Fishing Demographics

**Table 5.16.3.1. Number of Federal Permit by Type for Key West, Florida
(Source: NMFS 2002)**

  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Type of Permit**                  **1998**   **1999**   **2000**   **2001**

  Total permits                       344        247        295        361

  Commercial King Mackerel            193        171        205        207

  Commercial Spanish Mackerel         219        171        203        200

  Commercial Spiny Lobster            125        116        134        137

  Charter/Headboat for Coastal        73         43         59         128
  Pelagics                                                             

  Charter/Headboat for Snapper        62         47         64         123
  Grouper                                                              

  Snapper Grouper Class 1             15         127        159        157

  Snapper Grouper Class 2             5          38         37         41

  Swordfish                           42         3          2          3

  Shark                               89         12         12         12

  Rock Shrimp                         11         7          7          7

  Federal Dealers                     13         12         13         12
  ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Table 5.16.3.2. Employment in Fishing Related Industry for Key West,
Florida (Zip code Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau 1998)

  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
  **Category**                   **NAIC Code**    **Number Employed**

  Fishing                        114100           18

  Seafood Canning                311711           0

  Seafood Processing             311712           0

  Boat Building                  336612           3

  Fish and Seafoods              422460           7

  Fish and Seafood Markets       445220           0

  Marinas                        713930           49

  Total Fishing Employment                        77
  ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------

## 5.17 Florida Fishing Infrastructure and Community Characterization

The following tables provide a general view of the presence or absence
of fishing infrastructure located within the coastal communities of
Florida with substantial fishing activity. It should be noted that there
are many other attributes that might have been included in this table,
however, because of inconsistency in rapid appraisal for all
communities, these items were selected as the most consistently reported
or had secondary data available to determine presence or absence. It
should also be noted that in some cases certain infrastructure may exist
within a community but was not readily apparent or could not be
ascertained through secondary data. Table 5.17.1 offers an overview of
the presence of the selected infrastructure items and provides an
overall total score which is merely the total of infrastructure present.

Table 5.17.1. Fishing Infrastructure Table for Florida Potential Fishing
Communities

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Community</strong></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Commercial Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>State Commercial Licenses (10+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Federal Charter Permits (5+)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood Landings</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Seafood retail markets</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Fish processors, Wholesale fish house</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational docks / marinas</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Recreational Fishing Tournaments</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Atlantic Beach</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Big Pine Key</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Boca Raton</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cape Canaveral</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fernandina Beach</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fort Pierce</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Islamorada</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jupiter</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Key Largo</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Key West</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Marathon</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Merritt Island</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Palm Beach</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ponce Inlet</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Sebastian</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>St. Augustine</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>+</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

In attempting a preliminary characterization of potential fishing
communities in Table 5.17.2, we have provided a grouping of communities
that appear to have more involvement in various fishing enterprises and
therefore are classified as primarily involved. These communities have
considerable fishing infrastructure, but also have a history and culture
surrounding both commercial and recreational fishing that contributes to
an appearance and perception of being a fishing community in the mind of
residents and others. The communities are not ranked in any particular
order, this is merely a categorization.

Table 5.17.2 Preliminary Characterization of Potential Fishing
Communities in Florida

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Primarily-Involved**              **Secondarily-Involved**

  Fernandina Beach                    Atlantic Beach

  Fort Pierce                         Boca Raton

  Islamorada                          Palm Beach

  Jupiter                             

  Key Largo                           

  Key West                            

  Marathon                            

  Fernandina Beach                    

  Fort Pierce                         

  Islamorada                          

                                      

                                      
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Many of these communities are in transition due to various social and
demographic changes from coastal development, growing populations,
increasing tourism, changing regulations, etc. This preliminary
characterization is just that and should not be considered a definite
designation as fishing community, but a general guide for locating
communities that may warrant consideration as a potential fishing
community.

# 6.0 References

Aguirre International (1996). An Appraisal of the Social and Cultural
Aspects of the Multispecies Groundfish Fishery in New England and the
Mid-Atlantic Regions. NOAA Contract Number 50-DGNF- 5-0008.

Ashton, J. 1984. [Boca Raton pioneers and Addison Mizner]{.underline}.
J. Ashton Waldeck: Boca Raton, FL.

Davies, A. 1995. [Tales of Ponce Inlet: how a town was
born]{.underline}. Burns Printing: Kansas.

Hall-Arber, Madeleine, Chris Dyer, John Poggie, James McNally, Renee
Gagne M. (2002). New England\'s Fishing Communities. A final report for
Northeast MARFIN grant #NA87FF0547.

Impact Assessment, Inc. (1991). Community Profiles Developed for the
Social Impact Assessment of the Inshore/Offshore Amendment Proposal.
Submitted to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council.

Jacob, Steve, Michael Jepson, Carlton Pomeroy, David Mulkey, Chuck Adams
and Suzanna Smith. (2001). Identifying Fishing Dependent Communities:
Development and Confirmation of a Protocol. A MARFIN Project and Report
to the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center.

Johnson Jeffrey C.& Michael K. Orbach. (1996). Effort management in
North Carolina fisheries: a total systems approach. North Carolina Sea
Grant College Program, UNC-SG-96-08.

Kitner, K.R. (2001). Ethnographic Tracing of an Interesting Social
Network of South Atlantic Commercial Fishermen. U.S. Bureau of the
Census and National Marine Fisheries Service.

McCay, Bonnie and Marie Cieri. (2000). Fishing Ports of the
Mid-Atlantic. A Report to the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council,
Dover, Delaware, April 2000.

McGoun, W.E. 1998. [Southeast Florida pioneers: the palm and treasure
coasts]{.underline}. Pineapple Press: Sarasota, FL.

Newman, A.P.L. 1953. [Early Life Along the Beautiful Indian
River]{.underline}. Stuart Daily News: Stuart, FL.

NPFMC. (1994):Faces of The Fisheries: Fishing Community Profiles. North
Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 West 4th Avenue, Suite 306,
Anchorage Alaska 99501.

# 

Reed, J.V. 1955. [The history of Jupiter Island]{.underline}. FL.

Rhodes, R., K. Backman and G. Hawkins (1997). Socio-demographic
Assessment of Commercial Reef Fishermen in the South Atlantic Region.
MARFIN No. NA57FF0059 Final Report. Office of Fisheries Management,
Division of Marine Resources, SC Department of Natural Resources, P.O.
Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29422-2559.

# 

SAFMC. 1998. Final Comprehensive Amendment Addressing Sustainable
Fisheries Act

Definitions and Other Required Provisions in Fishery Management Plans of
the South

Atlantic Region. Including a Final Environmental Assessment, Initial
Regulatory Flexibility

Analysis, Regulatory Impact Review, and Social Impact Assessment/Fishery
Impact

Statement. South Atlantic Fishery Management

Spencer, W.B. 1975. [Palm Beach: a century of heritage]{.underline}.
Mount Vernon Publishing: Washington.

Stanley, T. 1988. "A Veritable Cafeteria of Fish." In: [Island through
the years]{.underline}. Jupiter Island Publishing: Hobe Sound, FL.

# Appendix 1

The following table exhibits the NAIC categories that were combined to
compare Industry classification codes from previous census with the most
recent. Those categories with the same color code were combined. These
aggregations were made after analyzing the SIC/NAIC comparison table
provided by the Census Bureau.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------
                                                         Apalachicola
                                                         city, Florida

  Total:                                                 910

  Male:                                                  439

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and        33
  mining:                                                

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting             33

  Mining                                                 0

  Construction                                           41

  Manufacturing                                          20

  Wholesale trade                                        44

  Retail trade                                           63

  Transportation and warehousing, and utilities:         34

  Transportation and warehousing                         31

  Utilities                                              3

  Information                                            3

  Finance, insurance, real estate and rental and         19
  leasing:                                               

  Finance and insurance                                  4

  Real estate and rental and leasing                     15

  Professional, scientific, management, administrative,  44
  and waste management services:                         

  Professional, scientific, and technical services       22

  Management of companies and enterprises                0

  Administrative and support and waste management        22
  services                                               

  Educational, health and social services:               13

  Educational services                                   9

  Health care and social assistance                      4

  Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and     39
  food services:                                         

  Arts, entertainment, and recreation                    4

  Accommodation and food services                        35

  Other services (except public administration)          10

  Public administration                                  76

                                                         

  Female:                                                471

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and        3
  mining:                                                

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting             3

  Mining                                                 0

  Construction                                           7

  Manufacturing                                          6

  Wholesale trade                                        17

  Retail trade                                           60

  Transportation and warehousing, and utilities:         0

  Transportation and warehousing                         0

  Utilities                                              0

  Information                                            7

  Finance, insurance, real estate and rental and         61
  leasing:                                               

  Finance and insurance                                  35

  Real estate and rental and leasing                     26

  Professional, scientific, management, administrative,  11
  and waste management services:                         

  Professional, scientific, and technical services       11

  Management of companies and enterprises                0

  Administrative and support and waste management        0
  services                                               

  Educational, health and social services:               152

  Educational services                                   56

  Health care and social assistance                      96

  Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and     83
  food services:                                         

  Arts, entertainment, and recreation                    8

  Accommodation and food services                        75

  Other services (except public administration)          36

  Public administration                                  28

                                                         

                                                         

                                                         Apalachicola
                                                         city, Florida

  Ag, fishg, mining                                      36

  Construction                                           48

  Business Services                                      33

  Comm/Utitilities                                       13

  Manufacturing                                          26

  Financial, Insurance, Real Estate                      80

  Services                                               410

  Wholesale/retail trade                                 294

  Transportation                                         31
  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------

[^1]: [http://factfinder.census.gov](http://factfinder.census.gov/)

[^2]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^3]: ([www.carolinabeach.org/pages/welcome.html](http://www.carolinabeach.org/pages/welcome.html)).

[^4]: <http://www.nhcgov.com/LIB/history/lhwilmhist.asp>

[^5]: [www.wbmuseum.com/wb_history_m.html](http://www.wbmuseum.com/wb_history_m.html)

[^6]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002.

[^7]: [www.beachonline.com/topsail.hampstead.html](http://www.beachonline.com/topsail.hampstead.html)

[^8]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^9]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002.

[^10]: [www.crystalcoast.com/swansboro](http://www.crystalcoast.com/swansboro)

[^11]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^12]: [www.atlanticbeach-nc.com/history_part-1.html](http://www.atlanticbeach-nc.com/history_part-1.html)

[^13]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^14]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^15]: [www.morehead.com/history](http://www.morehead.com/history)

[^16]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^17]: [www.clis.com/beaufortnc](http://www.clis.com/beaufortnc)

[^18]: <http://www.beaufort-nc.com/history/bn-his02.html>

[^19]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^20]: Interviews conducted by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^21]: [www.hatteras-nc.com/history/rodanhis.html](http://www.hatteras-nc.com/history/rodanhis.html)

[^22]: [www.hatteras-nc.com/history/hattehis.html](http://www.hatteras-nc.com/history/hattehis.html)

[^23]: [www.nccommerce.com](http://www.nccommerce.com/)

[^24]: Interviews by Ana Pitchon, May 2002

[^25]: [www.beaufort-sc.com/history/](http://www.beaufort-sc.com/history/)

[^26]: [www.beaufortsc.org](http://www.beaufortsc.org/)

[^27]: [www.beaufort.com](http://www.beaufort.com/)

[^28]: [www.townofmountpleasant.com/index.cfm?section=11&page=5](http://www.townofmountpleasant.com/index.cfm?section=11&page=5)

[^29]: [www.cityofgeorgetownsc.com/history](http://www.cityofgeorgetownsc.com/history)

[^30]: [www.georgetown-sc.com/history](http://www.georgetown-sc.com/history)

[^31]: [www.cityofgeorgetownsc.com/history](http://www.cityofgeorgetownsc.com/history)

[^32]: [www.murrellsinletsc.com/history.html](http://www.murrellsinletsc.com/history.html)

[^33]: [www.littleriverchamber.org/areainfo.html](http://www.littleriverchamber.org/areainfo.html)

[^34]: [www.officialsavannahguide.com/article_18.html](http://www.officialsavannahguide.com/article_18.html)

[^35]: <http://darien.net/~aatrain>

[^36]: [www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=citiesCounties/cities&id=h-645](http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=citiesCounties/cities&id=h-645)

[^37]: <http://www.ci.atlantic-beach.fl.us/history.asp>

[^38]: <http://www.stjohns.k12.fl.us/history/history.html>

[^39]: <http://www.ci.st-augustine.fl.us/visitors/history_fullprint.html>

[^40]: <http://www.fl-seafood.com/water/places/fernidina.htm>

[^41]: <http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/maritime/ports/port.cfm?name=St_Augustine>

[^42]: <http://www.spaceline.org/capehistory/1a.html>

[^43]: <http://www.spaceline.org/capehistory/1a.html>

[^44]: <http://fcn.state.fl.us/cape/LocalArea.html>

[^45]: <http://www.portcanaveral.org/business>

[^46]: <http://www.sebastian.fl.us/chamber>

[^47]: <http://www.tcrweb.com/einrcir1.html>

[^48]: <http://sebastian.fl.us/chamber/recreation.htm>

[^49]: [www.rootsweb.com/\~flstluci/slchistory.htm](http://www.rootsweb.com/~flstluci/slchistory.htm)

[^50]: <http://plato.stlucie.k12.fl.us/html/ft._pierce.html>

[^51]: [www.cityoffortpierce.com/fp000.html](http://www.cityoffortpierce.com/fp000.html)

[^52]: [www.flausa.com/destinations/location.php/location=ci-fpi](http://www.flausa.com/destinations/location.php/location=ci-fpi)

[^53]: <http://www.visitstluciefla.com/marinas.html>

[^54]: <http://www.jupiterfl.org/history.htm>

[^55]: <http://www.ci.boca-raton.fl.us/econ/history.cfm>

[^56]: <http://floridakeys.com/keylargo/history.htm>

[^57]: <http://floridakeys.com/marathon/history.htm>

[^58]: <http://floridakeys.com/lowerkeys/history.htm>

[^59]: <http://floridakeys.com/lowerkeys/history.htm>

[^60]: <http://floridakeys.com/lowerkeys/history.htm>

[^61]: <http://www.keywestcity.com/ourcity/cityinfo.asp>

[^62]: <http://www.fl-seafood.com/water/places/keywest.htm>

[^63]: <http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/maritime/ports/port.cfm?name=Key_West>

[^64]: <http://www.fl-seafood.com/water/places/keywest.htm>

[^65]: <http://www.fl-seafood.com/water/places/keywest.htm>