Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 7/24/2008

**GAIN Report Number:** PL8024

PL8024

**Poland**

**Exporter Guide**

**Annual**

**2008**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Jolanta Figurska

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Henry McCaslin

**Report Highlights:**

Poland's relatively large population of young, educated consumers,
rising employment, urbanization, and continued economic growth offer
valuable opportunities to American exporters. The strengthening of the
Polish zloty against the U.S. dollar is making American exports more
attractive; however these exports face challenges resulting from
Poland's EU membership. While other sectors of Polish food distribution
are already very competitive, HRI provides especially strong
opportunities for growth. An HRI-targeted promotion campaign may offer
U.S. exporters good opportunities for sales to Poland. In addition,
Poland's expanding food processing and retail sectors are becoming
increasingly attractive for U.S. suppliers of a wide variety of inputs.
Refer to Section IV of the report for detailed information on high-value
product prospects.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Warsaw \[PL1\]

\[PL\]

#  

# I: Market Overview

#### Current economic conditions

Poland's economy has developed rapidly since its move toward a free
market in the post-Soviet era, which began in 1989. It is a success
story among transition economies that were under former Communist
control. The privatization of small and medium state-owned companies and
a liberal law regarding the establishment of new firms encouraged the
development of the private business sector. In addition, since May 2004,
Poland's membership in the European Union opened up a wide range of
trade and export opportunities for Polish businesses. EU membership also
provides Poland with substantial financial assistance that is helping in
further modernization and growth in Poland. This structural development
funding from the EU amounted to approximately \$15 billion[^1] from 2004
to 2006, with about 15 percent of the total dedicated to rural
development.

Poland experienced continued strong growth in 2007 with the gross
domestic product increasing by 6.6 percent, but this has begun to slow
in early 2008 with lower production and sales growth. In January-April
2008 exports from Poland increased by 34.1 percent compared with the
same period in 2007. However it is important to note that this figure is
due to the changing U.S. dollar-Polish zloty exchange rate as much as it
is due to the increased volume of trade. The vast majority of Poland's
exports, 80.4 percent, are destined for the EU. Agricultural products
account for 13 percent of Poland's exports, with 60 percent sold to
other EU members. In addition, foreign direct investment has fallen
slightly in 2007 to 12.8 billion euro from the 15.1 billion euro of FDI
in 2006. However, 2006 was a year of higher than average FDI, and
foreign interest in investment in Poland remains strong.

Despite its recent economic success Poland's economy still faces
significant challenges. Poland\'s agricultural sector remains burdened
by surplus labor, inefficient small farms, and lack of investment.
Restructuring and privatization of sensitive sectors such as coal,
steel, railroads, and energy while underway, are taking time. However
the zloty is strengthening, especially against the U.S. dollar, and this
is allowing Poland to pay back long-standing national debts.

#### Demographics and employment

Poland's population of 38.5 million is increasingly concentrated in
cities with 61.5 percent living in urban centers. The median age is 37
years of age and increasing. The age ranges 30 to 44 and 45 to 64 are
the largest with 20 percent and 25.4 percent of the population
respectively. A trend toward smaller families is becoming more apparent
in Poland's 13.3 million households, with an average household size of
3.07.

Average monthly gross wage and salary across Poland in the first quarter
of 2008 was \$1,411.73, 10 percent higher than the same period in 2007.
The household consumption expenditure rate in the first quarter of 2007
grew 5.6 percent from the same period in 2006. In 2007, average monthly
household expenditures per capita were approximately \$389 at current
exchange rates. However these figures are based on national averages. In
urban centers, incomes, expenditures related to food, and disposable
income is estimated to be almost double the countrywide averages. Though
income distribution measurements of the country are unreliable and
suggest a very small middle class, most Poles consider themselves as
members of the "European middle class." They are active consumers who
buy televisions, computers, and cars. More people are beginning to
vacation abroad and regularly eat at restaurants.

Unemployment dropped steadily throughout the year from 12.9 percent
(which was the lowest since November of 1999) to 10 percent in May of
2008. This drop was not only due to the increasing the number of Poles
working abroad in cities like London and Dublin, but also strong new job
creation; 382,400 net new jobs were created in 2006. However this trend
of Westward migration is slowing as many in the Polish Diaspora begin to
return home and take advantage of the strengthening economy. Of the
approximately 17 million people employed in Poland 55 percent work in
the service sector, 29 percent work in the industrial sector, and 16
percent of the population works directly in the agriculture, forestry
and fishery sectors. Almost half, 47.8 percent, of Polish women are
employed outside the home in part or full-time work. Poland has the
4^th^ lowest trade unionization rate among OECD countries.

#### 

#### U.S. exporter opportunities

Exporters who are interested in the Polish market should consider both
the opportunities given Poland's relatively large population of young,
educated consumers, as well as the challenges that a U.S. exporter faces
in light of its EU membership. In general, the Polish view the United
States positively and U.S. products are considered high quality. In
addition, a product that has been imported into the EU can be
transported to Poland without additional tariffs and without meeting
many additional regulatory requirements aside from required labeling in
Polish language. Poland presents opportunities for U.S. exporters of
high value products, such as seafood, wine and distilled spirits, dried
fruits and nuts, and grapefruit. Select opportunities also exist in food
processing and catering industries, which are increasingly interested in
importing processed fruits and vegetables, and baking ingredients such
as baking mixes and fats. As the market continues to develop, more
sophisticated products such as energy drinks are also finding their
place on the market. Most of the opportunities for U.S. products are in
urban areas where consumers have larger disposable incomes and are
interested in imported products. In summary, Poland does provide
advantages to exporters with the right product who are willing to invest
in market research and product positioning.

Poland's EU accession has resulted in lowered tariffs on some U.S.
products, which has expanded market growth potential in some areas such
as wine and distilled spirits, grapefruit, and dried fruits and nuts.
Other products are subject to new EU sanitary restrictions that prohibit
their sale in Poland almost entirely, such as poultry and beef.

## Advantages and Challenges of the Polish Market for U.S. Exporters

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Advantages**                    | **Challenges**                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Central Europe's most populous    | U.S. products face high           |
| country with a domestic consumer  | transportation costs as compared  |
| market of nearly 40 million       | to many European competitors.     |
| people.                           |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A strategic location within a     | Complicated system of product     |
| dense, major international market | registration in some cases        |
| offering re-export potential.     | delaying or even preventing       |
|                                   | products from entering the Polish |
|                                   | market that are new to the EU.    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Transshipment from other EU       | Poland's EU Accession puts United |
| countries of import now possible  | States products at a competitive  |
| with Poland's EU integration.     | disadvantage versus EU-27         |
|                                   | duty-free EU internally traded    |
|                                   | products.                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A very productive, young and      | Despite rising incomes, Polish    |
| skilled labor force therefore,    | consumers indicate that price is  |
| good potential for finding        | still the primary purchasing      |
| trading partners and favorable    | factor for food and beverage      |
| conditions for establishing joint | products in at least 75 percent   |
| ventures.                         | or more of their retail food      |
|                                   | purchases.                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Polish consumers associate United | []{.mark}                         |
| States products with good         |                                   |
| quality.                          | Food recalls in the EU have had a |
|                                   | negative impact on Polish         |
|                                   | consumers views of imported       |
|                                   | products, and GMO issues hamper   |
|                                   | imports of United States          |
|                                   | products.                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| []{.mark}                         | Foreign investment in the Polish  |
|                                   | food processing industry results  |
| Market niches exist in consumer   | in local production of many high  |
| ready food products - i.e. dried  | quality products that were        |
| fruits, nuts, wine and distilled  | previously imported.              |
| spirits, and microwavable         |                                   |
| products.                         |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Economic growth has been rising   | While the export of some U.S.     |
| and the U.S. dollar's             | goods has been encouraged by EU   |
| depreciation makes U.S. imports   | trade regulations, some goods,    |
| more affordable.                  | namely poultry and beef, are      |
|                                   | limited due to EU sanitary        |
|                                   | restrictions.                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

# 

# 

# Section II. Entering the Polish Market, Customs and Terms

The best way to understand the Polish market is to visit and speak to
importers and distributors in order to prepare the best entry strategy
for your product. Personal contact is considered very important when
conducting business in Poland. Most purchases are made after meeting an
exporter or their representative in person. English is more and more
common as the language of commerce, but it is important to check in
advance to see if translation services are necessary. It is customary
for business people in Poland to shake hands upon meeting. An American
businesswoman should not be surprised if a Polish businessman kisses her
hand upon greeting or saying goodbye. Business cards are the norm in
Poland and are generally given to each person at a meeting; therefore
U.S. visitors should bring plenty of business cards to a meeting,
although cards printed in Polish are not necessary. Business attire is
formal, including a suit and tie for men and a suit or dress for women.

The concept that "time is money" should be left in the United States
when developing relationships with potential importers in Poland. Though
Polish businesses are also conscious of the bottom line, courtesy and
non-business conversations are important prior to getting "down to
business." In addition, if a Polish client visits you in the United
States, some hospitality, such as a meal is considered appropriate, and
you will be accorded similar treatment while visiting Poland. A good
reference on Polish business customs and cross-cultural differences
between the United States is Laura Klos-Sokol's [Short Cuts to
Poland]{.underline}, 2^nd^ Edition, 2005.

Advertising in Poland is important for acceptance for new products.
Television, though the most expensive venue, is the best of these
mediums in Poland with products advertised through television promotions
showing the greatest sales growth of all advertised products. Billboards
and in-store promotions are also proving very effective. Promotions on
products, such as in-store sampling, have been shown to influence the
purchases of 50 percent of adult Poles.

Many Polish importers expect terms-of-credit for 30 to 90 days for
imports. These are considered standard and are offered by many exporters
from competing countries.

Technical regulations including documentation, sanitary and
phytosanitary requirements and labeling have changed since Poland\'s
EU-27 accession. Most of the requirements were amended in order to
reflect EU regulations. For detailed information on product import
certificates please refer to the EU 27 FAIRS Report, GAIN E48078. For
details on other Poland specific regulations such as labeling, refer to
Poland's Food and Agricultural Regulations and Standards Report, GAIN
PL8023.

GAIN E48078 - http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200807/146295146.pdf

GAIN PL8023 - http://www.fas.usda.gov/scriptsw/AttacheRep/default.asp

# 

# Section III. Market Sector Structure and Trends

**Wholesale Sector**

The wholesale market has changed over the last several years and is
marked by consolidation, an increase in the market power of large
buyers, an increase of companies with national coverage, and closer
linkages between wholesalers and retailers.

Poland's wholesale market structure has five categories: national
chains, regional chains, regional wholesalers, local wholesalers, and
buying groups (consisting of regional chains and regional wholesalers).
The national chains, the least numerous of them, operate several
branches throughout Poland with central management. The regional chains
have recently grown through consolidation and purchase of bankrupt
firms; they are territorial, usually cover several provinces, and supply
mainly retailers. Regional wholesalers have a strong presence in local
markets and offer a wide range of products and greater service. Local
wholesalers are feeling the pressure of the larger firms in the industry
who now primarily deal in cash and carry. Buyer groups operate in
several market segments and are increasing their integration with
specific retailers.

The larger businesses in this sector are firms with foreign or mixed
foreign and domestic capital. The largest is the Macro Cash and Carry,
owned by the German company Metro, the second largest wholesaler is
Portuguese-owned Eurocash JMB Polska. The U.S. company McClane is also a
major player in the Polish FMCG distribution market.

**Retail Sector**

The distribution system for consumer ready food products, as with all
other branches of the Polish economy, is still undergoing a rapid
transformation. It should be noted that despite many obstacles including
the high cost of credit, high store rents, and complaints of late
payments by retailers, it remains one of the most dynamic and fastest
growing areas of the Polish economy. The retail sector in Poland is very
diversified. It ranges from small family operated stores, through medium
sized stores to large distribution centers which can be easily compared
with those found in countries in the western EU and the United States.

In 2007 regulations were passed by the Polish legislature forcing
hypermarkets, supermarkets, and medium stores to close during certain
religious and national holidays. This has led to reduced sales as
consumers tended to plan large shopping trips on these days.

Foreign investors are very active in retailing. There are now over 293
hypermarkets nationwide along with many super-stores. The vast majority
of the hypermarkets are foreign, with traditional small-scale and
predominantly Polish-owned shops facing steadily decreasing sales. There
are approximately 30.9 shops per 10,000 inhabitants. According to Polish
analysts big retailing chains will gain control of as much as 80 percent
of the Polish market within the next five years with only 8 major
players remaining.

For more information on the Polish retail sector please refer to GAIN
report PL8007.

GAIN PL8007 - <http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200802/146293810.pdf>

**Food Processing Sector**

The food processing sector in many ways reflects the development of the
Polish economy since the fall of communism. The sector is varied with
both domestic and international companies represented on the market.
There are also a number of small companies operating in the fruit,
vegetable, meat processing, and baking sectors located throughout
Poland. The most important sectors of the food processing industry are
meat, dairy, and alcohol, followed by confectionery, food concentrates,
sugar, fruits and vegetables, juices and non-alcoholic beverages
production. The proportion of food industry products considered to be
value-added is constantly increasing.

For more detailed information on Poland's processing sector please refer
to GAINS report PL6026 -
<http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200604/146187598.pdf>

**Hotel, Restaurant & Institutional Sector**

Traditionally, Poles preferred to dine at home rather than in
restaurants. Low incomes and relatively high prices in restaurants have
limited growth in this sector. Prices in restaurants and food service
establishments in the early 1990s increased much faster than retail
prices for food.

Today the variety and sheer number of restaurants reflects the changing
demographics in Poland. In the past, primarily foreigners or Polish
government officials frequented restaurants and the majority of these
restaurants were found in hotels.

With more Poles working longer hours, Polish eating habits have also
been altered and eating out is common. Polish, Italian, Chinese, Mexican
and Indian restaurants can be found in almost every Polish city.
American chains have also started to appear in larger cities like
Warsaw. These chains include T.G.I. Friday's, Champions, Mc Donald's,
Pizza Hut, and KFC. In addition, many of the international hotel chains
such as the Marriott Hotel, Radisson, Sheraton, Hyatt, Hilton, and
Holiday Inn are present in Polish cities. Many local entrepreneurs are
investing heavily in this sector as well.

Several of the larger domestic producers have set up separate
distribution channels especially for this sector. While all the other
sectors of Polish food distribution are already very competitive, HRI
still provides excellent opportunities for growth. An HRI-targeted
promotion campaign may offer U.S. exporters good opportunities for sales
to Poland.

For more detailed information on Poland's HRI sector please refer to
GAINS PL6013 - <http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200603/146187212.pdf>

# Section IV: High Value Product Prospects

Select high value product imports have recorded strong growth in recent
years led by seafood products, nuts and dried fruits, and alcohol.

**Polish Imports of High Value Products**

+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| *    | **2 | *      | **U.S. | ######            | **Market       |
| *Pro | 007 | *2-Yr. | Import |  Key Constraints  | Attractiveness |
| duct | Imp | Avg.   | Tariff |                   | for U.S.       |
| ca   | ort | Annual | Rate** |                   | Exporters**    |
| tego | s** | Import |        |                   |                |
| ry** |     | Gr     |        |                   |                |
|      |     | owth** |        |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Sa   | \$  | 36.15% | 2%& 8% | Price competition | Growing        |
| lmon | 26  |        |        | from local        | seafood        |
|      | 7.7 |        |        | producers and     | consumption    |
|      |     |        |        | European          | and developing |
|      |     |        |        | countries, lack   | restaurant     |
|      |     |        |        | of promotion      | market         |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
|      |     |        |        |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| S    | \$2 | 15.65% | 0%     | Competitively     | Growing        |
| unfl | 2.6 |        |        | priced quality    | market,        |
| ower |     |        |        | product available | insufficient   |
| S    |     |        |        | from Hungary      | local          |
| eeds |     |        |        |                   | production of  |
|      |     |        |        |                   | high quality   |
|      |     |        |        |                   | product        |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Wine | \   | 28.85% | 9      | Strong position   | Good           |
|      | $18 |        | .9-32€ | of French,        | reputation of  |
|      | 4.6 |        | /hl    | Italian and other | Californian    |
|      |     |        | dep    | suppliers         | wines, growing |
|      |     |        | ending |                   | market         |
|      |     |        | on     |                   |                |
|      |     |        | a      |                   |                |
|      |     |        | lcohol |                   |                |
|      |     |        | c      |                   |                |
|      |     |        | ontent |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Gr   | \$3 | 14.49% | 1.     | Competitively     | Strong         |
| apef | 0.6 |        | 5-2.4% | priced imports    | position of    |
| ruit |     |        | dep    | available, esp.   | American       |
|      |     |        | ending | from Turkey       | suppliers,     |
|      |     |        | on     |                   | growing market |
|      |     |        | season |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Whis | \$4 | 61.29% | 0%     | Traditional       | Increasing     |
| kies | 6.9 |        |        | consumption of    | consumption    |
|      |     |        |        | Scottish Whiskey  | due to         |
|      |     |        |        |                   | prestige       |
|      |     |        |        |                   | associated     |
|      |     |        |        |                   | with product   |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Rai  | \$1 | 3.24%  | 2.40%  | Price competition | Developing     |
| sins | 9.2 |        |        | from other        | market for     |
|      |     |        |        | suppliers, such   | cakes and      |
|      |     |        |        | as Iran and       | sweets         |
|      |     |        |        | transshipments    |                |
|      |     |        |        | from Germany      |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| D    | \$1 | 17.9%  | 9.60%  | Price competition | High quality   |
| ried | 3.0 |        |        | from local and    | and strong     |
| pr   |     |        |        | other foreign     | position of    |
| unes |     |        |        | suppliers         | California     |
|      |     |        |        |                   | prunes         |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Pi   | \$1 | 25.24% | 1.60%  | Increasing        | Growing snacks |
| stac | 2.6 |        |        | activity of other | and ingredient |
| hios |     |        |        | suppliers (Iran), | market         |
|      |     |        |        | relatively high   |                |
|      |     |        |        | prices compared   |                |
|      |     |        |        | to other nuts     |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Pea  | \$4 | 19.42% | 0%     | Lower prices      | Growing snacks |
| nuts | 0.8 |        |        | offered by        | and ingredient |
|      |     |        |        | competitors       | market         |
|      |     |        |        | (China,           |                |
|      |     |        |        | Argentina)        |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
| Alm  | \$2 | 11.99% | 3.50%  | Competitively     | Growing snacks |
| onds | 4.0 |        |        | priced imports    | and ingredient |
| (    |     |        | 0% for | available from    | market         |
| shel |     |        | bitter | Spain             |                |
| led) |     |        | a      |                   |                |
|      |     |        | lmonds |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+
|      |     |        |        |                   |                |
+------+-----+--------+--------+-------------------+----------------+

Global Trade Atlas figures, in millions of U.S. dollars, calendar year
information

# 

# Section V. Key Contacts and Further Information 

One of the goals of the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) office in
Warsaw is to assist in the market development and promotion of U.S. food
and agricultural products in Poland. There are a wide variety of ways in
which to approach the Polish market and many key contacts such as
importers, distributors, and retailers. Please contact FAS Warsaw if you
would like additional information on the Polish market if your company
is interested in selling U.S. food and beverage products to Poland.

## Several commodity groups who are partners with FAS in promotion, called cooperators, are active in the Polish market. Those cooperators particularly active in Poland include: [Pear Bureau Northwest](http://www.usapears.com/), California Pistachio Commission, Raisin Administrative Committee, Northwest Wine Coalition, American Hardwood Export Council, U.S. Wheat Associates, Cranberry Marketing Committee, and Food Export USA Northeast. The California Wine Institute and the U.S. Soybean Export Council have local representatives in Warsaw. These contacts can be provided to any business exporting U.S. food products.

Staff contacts for marketing:

Eric Wenberg, Agricultural Counselor

Kate Snipes, Agricultural Attache

Jolanta Figurska, Marketing Specialist

# Office of Agriculture Affairs 

U.S. Embassy, Poland

Al. Ujazdowskie 29/31

00-540 Warsaw, Poland

**Telephone number:** 011-48-22-504-2336

**Fax number:** 011-48-22-504-2320

**E-mail inquires:** agwarsaw@fas.usda.gov,
jolanta.figurska@fas.usda.gov

**Web page:** http://poland.usembassy.gov/poland/agric.html

# Appendix 1. Statistics

## A. KEY TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.    | 10         |
| Market Share (%)[^2]                                    | ,527/1.04% |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.   | 6,058/0.6% |
| Market Share (%)                                        |            |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Edible Fishery Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.  | []{.mark}  |
| Market Share (%)                                        |            |
|                                                         | 982/2.0%   |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Total Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)      | 38.5/0.05% |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Urban Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)      | 23.9/1-2%  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas[^3]                  | 1          |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Size of the Middle Class (Millions)/Growth Rate (%)[^4] | []{.mark}  |
|                                                         |            |
|                                                         | 3.9/1%     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Gross Domestic Product (current growth, 2007)           | 6.5%       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Unemployment Rate (%, September 2006)                   | 10.0%      |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Average Monthly Food Expenditures, USD                  | \$70       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| \% of Females Economically Active[^5]                   | 51.9%[^6]  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| Exchange Rate (U.S. \$1, June 2008 )                    | 2.14       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+

##  B. POLISH CONSUMER FOOD & EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCT IMPORTS

  --------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
                              **Imports                            **Imports                         **U.S.                
                              from the                             from the                          Market                
                              World**                              U.S.**                            Share**               

  (In Millions of Dollars)    **2005**    **2006**    **2007**     **2005**    **2006**   **2007**   **2005**   **2006**   **2007**

  **CONSUMER-ORIENTED         3,733       4,424       6,058        29          32         36         .78        .72        .6
  AGRICULTURAL TOTAL**                                                                                                     

  Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)    312         394         500          0.2         0.1        0          0          0          0

  Breakfast Cereals & Pancake 12          18          23           0           0          0          .1         0          0
  Mix                                                                                                                      

  Red Meats,                  378         415         622          .2          .9         4.5        0          .2         .7
  Fresh/Chilled/Frozen                                                                                                     

  Red Meats,                  30          33          68           0           0          0          0          .1         0
  Prepared/Preserved                                                                                                       

  Poultry Meat                79          68          75           0           0          0          0          0          0

  Dairy Products (Excl.       140         169         319          .6          .9         1          .5         .5         .3
  Cheese)                                                                                                                  

  Cheese                      57          72          116          0           0          .1         0          0          0

  Eggs & Products             26          32          40           0           0          .6         0          .1         2

  Fresh Fruit                 692         757         1,010        .7          .7         1          .1         .1         .1

  Fresh Vegetables            211         262         388          0           0          0          0          0          0

  Processed Fruit &           335         433         575          2           3          3          .5         .8         .6
  Vegetables                                                                                                               

  Fruit & Vegetable Juices    132         137         209          0           1          1          0          0          0

  Tree Nuts                   90          99          123          8           3          3          9          3          3

  Wine & Beer                 139         164         233          2           2          2          1          1          .8

  Nursery Products & Cut      177         195         249          0           .1         .1         0          0          0
  Flowers                                                                                                                  

  Pet Foods (Dog & Cat Food)  62          69          92           2           2          2          3          2          2

  Other Consumer-Oriented     860         1,107       1,415        14          19         18         2          2          1
  Products                                                                                                                 

  **FISH & SEAFOOD PRODUCTS** 667         834         983          8           19         20         1          2          2

  Salmon                      149         239         268          1           6          6          1          2          2

  Surimi                      54          47          50           .4          1          .6         .7         2          1

  Crustaceans                 21          23          32           0           0          0          0          0          0

  Groundfish & Flatfish       286         349         424          7           10         13         2          3          3

  Mollusks                    2           3           4            0           0          0          0          0          0

  Other Fishery Products      154         172         205          .4          2          .1         .3         1.4        0

  **AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS     **6,693**   **7,883**   **10,528**   **52**      **80**     **109**    **.7**     **1**      **1**
  TOTAL**                                                                                                                  

  **AGRICULTURAL, FISH &      **8,392**   **9,947**   **13,123**   **68**      **107**    **139**    **.8**     **1**      **1**
  FORESTRY TOTAL**                                                                                                         

  Source: FAS\' Global Trade                                                                                               
  Atlas                                                                                                                    
  --------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

## C. POLISH IMPORTS FROM TOP 15 SUPPLIERS OF CONSUMER FOODS AND SEAFOOD

+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|            |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **CONSUME  |     |       |       |   | ###### |      |      |      |
| R-ORIENTED |     |       |       |   | ### FI |      |      |      |
| AG         |     |       |       |   | SH & S |      |      |      |
| RICULTURAL |     |       |       |   | EAFOOD |      |      |      |
| IMPORTS    |     |       |       |   |  PRODU |      |      |      |
| (\$1000)** |     |       |       |   | CTS (\ |      |      |      |
|            |     |       |       |   | $1000) |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|            | **  | **2   | **2   |   |        | **20 | **20 | **20 |
|            | 200 | 006** | 007** |   |        | 05** | 06** | 07** |
|            | 5** |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Germany    | 7   | 1,05  | 1,47  |   | Sweden | 148  | 215  | 237  |
|            | 70, | 4,499 | 3,593 |   |        | ,846 | ,028 | ,010 |
|            | 694 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| N          | 5   | 65    | 86    |   | V      | 11   | 64   | 101  |
| etherlands | 62, | 1,406 | 4,520 |   | ietnam | ,104 | ,903 | ,707 |
|            | 324 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Spain      | 3   | 40    | 57    |   | Norway | 70   | 79   | 101  |
|            | 47, | 9,312 | 8,846 |   |        | ,678 | ,336 | ,621 |
|            | 550 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Italy      | 2   | 30    | 43    |   | D      | 85   | 92   | 89   |
|            | 59, | 5,356 | 3,994 |   | enmark | ,876 | ,512 | ,120 |
|            | 925 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Denmark    | 2   | 24    | 31    |   | China  | 55   | 64   | 84   |
|            | 36, | 7,637 | 7,066 |   |        | ,503 | ,908 | ,900 |
|            | 789 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| France     | 1   | 24    | 31    |   | G      | 70   | 58   | 76   |
|            | 89, | 4,650 | 5,233 |   | ermany | ,888 | ,781 | ,971 |
|            | 840 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Czech      | 1   | 15    | 26    |   | Russia | 20   | 45   | 50   |
| Republic   | 46, | 8,185 | 9,730 |   |        | ,132 | ,479 | ,365 |
|            | 074 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Belgium    | 1   | 16    | 22    |   | Nethe  | 47   | 37   | 46   |
|            | 26, | 5,937 | 6,817 |   | rlands | ,815 | ,061 | ,519 |
|            | 048 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Hungary    | 1   | 13    | 20    |   | I      | 26   | 29   | 29   |
|            | 25, | 8,020 | 3,819 |   | celand | ,003 | ,305 | ,724 |
|            | 297 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Turkey     | 1   | 14    | 16    |   | United | 14   | 23   | 21   |
|            | 12, | 1,172 | 7,028 |   | K      | ,855 | ,121 | ,994 |
|            | 269 |       |       |   | ingdom |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| United     | 73, | 8     | 14    |   | United | 8    | 19   | 19   |
| Kingdom    | 440 | 0,267 | 9,316 |   | States | ,385 | ,414 | ,975 |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Austria    | 75, | 9     | 11    |   | Arg    | 19   | 14   | 14   |
|            | 641 | 6,076 | 8,137 |   | entina | ,773 | ,137 | ,975 |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Lithuania  | 33, | 4     | 8     |   | Th     | 10   | 11   | 13   |
|            | 610 | 0,973 | 0,642 |   | ailand | ,895 | ,966 | ,281 |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Greece     | 73, | 7     | 8     |   | Spain  | 8    | 9    | 10   |
|            | 220 | 0,841 | 0,041 |   |        | ,933 | ,436 | ,432 |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| China      | 22, | 2     | 6     |   | Lit    | 8    | 6    | 9    |
|            | 664 | 8,584 | 5,461 |   | huania | ,018 | ,226 | ,398 |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Other      | 5   | 59    | 71    |   | Other  | 59   | 62   | 74   |
|            | 77, | 1,425 | 4,065 |   |        | ,157 | ,371 | ,655 |
|            | 326 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| World      | 3,7 | 4,42  | 6,05  |   | World  | 666  | 833  | 982  |
|            | 32, | 4,340 | 8,308 |   |        | ,860 | ,985 | ,646 |
|            | 711 |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Source:    |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| FAS\'      |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Global     |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Trade      |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Atlas      |     |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+------------+-----+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+

[^1]: All monetary figures are reported in U.S. dollars.

[^2]: Global Trade Atlas, data from 2007.

[^3]: Population in excess of 1,000,000.

[^4]: These are unofficial estimates due to the lack of reliable
    statistics.

[^5]: Percent of total number of women 18-59 years old.

[^6]: Women in Poland, 2007.