Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project

**Fermilab Experiment Number E925**

################################################################################################################################################################################################################################## Progress Report No. 1 {#progress-report-no.-1 .unnumbered}

**December 2002**

############################### Project Description

The Tevatron Collider at Fermilab offers a unique capability to
elucidate many of the major issues currently facing particle physics.
Its high center-of-mass energy and recently upgraded luminosity offer us
the capability of shedding light on the Higgs mechanism - which has the
potential of offering insight into the origin of mass - and pushing the
boundaries of searches for supersymmetry and other new phenomena beyond
the Standard Model. It also makes accessible improved precision
measurements of the W boson and top quark properties that, by further
constraining the Standard Model, provide increasingly stringent tests of
its precepts. The Tevatron offers the most cogent experimental probes of
Standard Model physics, and beyond, during the coming 5+ years.

The Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project has been designed to allow the
D-Zero Experiment to continue operating in the high intensity Tevatron
environment for the remainder of the coming decade. The integrated
exposure of the D-Zero Detector to colliding beam will result in
radiation damage to the silicon detector that will compromise its
efficiency. Adequate b-tagging is an essential ingredient of the Run II
physics program; this has led us to pursue a replacement of the Run IIa
silicon detector with a new, more radiation-hard version. In addition,
the trigger system must be upgraded in order to provide sufficient
rejection and to limit the dead time at the higher instantaneous rates
that will be delivered by the Tevatron as the run progresses. The Run
IIb D-Zero Detector Project provides for the replacement of the D-Zero
Run IIa silicon detector and the upgrade of the D-Zero trigger, DAQ, and
online systems in order to enable the continued efficient running of the
experiment, and the acquisition of forefront physics data, for the
foreseeable lifetime of the Tevatron collider program.

############################### Overview of Project Status -- J. Kotcher

This is the first report of the Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project. The
project had its Department of Energy (DOE) Baseline Review September
24-26, 2002, at which the project was recommended for baselining by the
Lehman Committee, and an External Independent Review (EIR) held on
November 4-8, 2002, at which the project was favorably reviewed. We are
reporting our progress against the resulting baseline project plan
recommended by the DOE Baseline Committee, and evaluated by the EIR
Committee.

Research and Development for the project started more than one year ago,
and we are ready to move into the production phase this year. On the
silicon project (WBS 1.1), efforts have been focused on testing
prototype readout electronics, silicon sensors and mechanical supports
for the silicon detector. A full mechanical stave (the basic unit of the
silicon detector) has been produced and is being tested for mechanical
and thermal properties. The initial prototype silicon readout chip
(SVX4) has been extensively tested and simulated, and has been
demonstrated to perform very well. While the second prototype order is
on a tight schedule, the additional testing and simulation being
performed prior to its submission may allow us to skip one prototype
cycle, thereby recovering slack in the schedule. Testing of the silicon
sensor prototypes is ongoing, and we are working towards a production
readiness review in March and committing funds that same month.

In the trigger sub-project, design work on the custom boards is
converging. Designs for both the front-end Analog-Digital-Filter (ADF)
and the back-end Trigger and Global Algorithm Boards (TAB and GAB) for
the Calorimeter Trigger (WBS 1.2.1), and the \"Flavor Board\" (MTFB) for
the Calorimeter-Track Match (WBS 1.2.2) are nearing completion. The
first completed Analog Splitter card, which will parasitically pick off
calorimeter trigger signals during Run IIa data taking, was installed in
the experiment during the January 2003 shutdown. This component will be
used during a global in-situ integration test of the ADF, TAB, and GAB
prototypes, which remains on track to begin during the summer of 2003.
Simulation work for optimizing the trigger is continuing, including
further investigation of firmware for the Level 1 Central Track Trigger
(CTT -- WBS 1.2.3). The online project is continuing research on fiber
channel storage networks, and has been providing extensive support for
test stands for silicon detector testing and electronics R&D.

############################### Project Milestone Summary

The DOE baseline milestones are shown in the figures 1, 2 and 3 as solid
diamonds. These fixed milestones are defined in the DOE Project
Execution Plan approved in December 2002. Shown as open diamonds on the
same line are the project's projected dates for achieving the
milestones. Actual dates of achieving milestones are shown as solid
stars. The silicon, trigger and online milestones are shown separately.
One milestone has been achieved (the silicon prototype mechanical stave)
and forecasts for the remaining milestones are comfortably ahead of the
official milestone dates.

The next table shows the difference in the current forecast and last
month's forecast for achieving the DOE milestones. That table lists all
the approved Level 0-1-2 DOE milestone dates along with the project's
current (and previous month's) forecast for achieving them. The list is
sorted by DOE Milestone date. Milestones with forecast dates that have
changed significantly in the last month are discussed in Section IX of
this report.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="7.820833333333334in"
height="6.043055555555555in"}

> **Figure 1:** Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project Silicon DOE Level
> 2/Director's Milestones. Closed (open) diamonds represent baseline
> (currently forecast) dates. Closed stars represent completed
> milestones.

![](media/image2.wmf){width="7.7875in" height="6.179166666666666in"}

> **Figure 2:** Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project Trigger DOE Level
> 2/Director's Milestones. Closed (open) diamonds represent baseline
> (currently forecast) dates. Closed stars represent completed
> milestones.

![](media/image3.wmf){width="7.710416666666666in"
height="5.966666666666667in"}

> **Figure 3:** Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project Online DOE Level
> 2/Director's Milestones. Closed (open) diamonds represent baseline
> (currently forecast) dates. Closed stars represent completed
> milestones.

![](media/image4.wmf){width="7.520138888888889in"
height="4.797916666666667in"}

> **Figure 4:** Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project DOE Level 2/Director's
> Milestones vs. Current Month and Previous Month's forecast. Entries
> are sorted by DOE L2/Director's Milestone date. Monthly variances are
> also provided.

############################### Management Highlights -- J. Kotcher

No Change Requests (CRs) were processed this month. The first DOE
milestone (completion of a mechanical stave) was achieved this month
slightly ahead of schedule.

We are preparing for our first Production Readiness Review to be held in
January, for the "Purple Card", a board used to test all Silicon Readout
Modules in advance of being installed in the detector.

The Project continues to report its progress against its own plan, which
has a more aggressive schedule than that required by DOE milestones. The
Project Support staff has developed a chart that provides the DOE Run
IIb Project Manager with a progress report against the DOE milestones.

# Procurement Highlights 

No major procurements were made this month. Major procurements we are
tracking are the SVX4 prototype chips (\$55,000) currently scheduled for
February 27, 2003 and the first lot of the silicon sensor order
(\$290,000) scheduled for March of 2003. We continue to work with
purchasing to ensure D-Zero Run IIb requisitions move smoothly through
the laboratory.

############  {#section .unnumbered}

I.  **Silicon (WBS 1.1) Schedule and Budget Information -- M.
    Demarteau**

############################### Sensors (WBS 1.1.1) -- R. Demina, F. Lehner

> KSU probing site setup (1.1.1.1.1.1) is 100% complete. Cinvestav
> probing site setup (1.1.1.1.1.2) is 0% complete. SUNY at SB probing
> site setup (1.1.1.1.1.3) is 80% complete. Probing site certification
> (1.1.1.1.2.3) is 100% complete for KSU and 5% complete for Stony
> Brook.
>
> Elma prototype L0 sensors were produced, delivered and probed. Elma
> sensors suffer from low break down voltage and the number of bad
> channels is too high. Irradiation testing (1.1.1.2.3) of L0 prototypes
> is 100% complete. The results show that the sensors perform
> satisfactory after irradiation to a dose which is about a factor of 2
> higher than expected in Run IIb. Should the sensors be ordered from
> HPK the testing will have to be repeated.
>
> Elma and HPK L1 prototype sensors were produced, delivered and probed.
> Similarly to L0 sensors Elma L1 sensors suffer from low break down
> voltage and the number of bad channels is too high. HPK L1 sensors
> satisfy all the specifications, but a sensitivity to measurement
> parameter was observed in determining the resistance of the
> polysilicon bias resistor. A feedback was sent to HPK and we are
> waiting for the reply. Irradiation testing (1.1.1.3.3) of L1
> prototypes is in the progress and 50% complete.
>
> HPK prototype L2 sensors were produced, delivered. Probing of the
> sensors has begun and is 20% complete. Irradiation testing (1.1.1.4.7)
> of L2 prototypes is in the progress and 50% complete. A problem in
> flux estimation was encountered on the way because of the larger size
> of L2 sensors. This is expected to delay the completion of the
> irradiation by one week.

############################### Readout (WBS 1.1.2) -- A. Nomerotski, E. von Toerne

> All major parts of the readout chain were prototyped and successfully
> tested. The design of second prototypes has started with usually minor
> design changes. Readout tests with purple card and SaSeq were
> successful. Up to two hybrids were readout at the same time (milestone
> 1.1.2.22.2). A production readiness review is being prepared for the
> purple cards. Laser tests of modules confirmed sensor depletion
> voltages from single-sensor tests. Tests of the full readout chain
> continue as well as noise and grounding studies for Layer 0.
>
> The setup of test stands has been proceeding re-utilizing existing Run
> IIa PCs. We expect to purchase the complement of computers as needed,
> to take advantage of the ever falling prices of PCs since they can be
> obtained quickly. Software has been purchased as needed for the
> existing PCs. Two 16-ch Hybrid test stands are ready mechanically. Due
> to the limited amount of Purple Cards and SASEQs only 8 channels are
> available for testing. One of four 16-ch Module test stands is ready
> with associated cooling. Eight channels are equipped with Purple Cards
> and SASEQs.

############################### Mechanics and Assembly (WBS 1.1.3) -- W. Cooper, K. Krempetz

> During the month of December we continued to aggressively pursue L0
> and L1 structure prototyping. We further developed the Layer 0 / Layer
> 1 solid model paying particular attention to cooling tube layout and
> locations of temperature sensors. L0 thermal finite element analyses
> were completed and indicate that required temperatures should be
> achieved. A first iteration of the L1 inner and outer mandrel parts
> was submitted to the University of Washington machine shop for
> fabrication.
>
> Concepts were developed and prototype pieces were ordered to provide
> electrical shielding and grounding between the Layer 0 / Layer 1
> sensors, their readout structures, and their carbon fiber support
> structures. Layer 0 shields were received. Fabrication techniques for
> co-bonding kapton/copper shields with the Layer 0 castellated carbon
> fiber cylinder were tested on prototype pieces.
>
> Prototype Layer 2-5 stave cores with a carbon fiber cooling tube and
> with a PEEK cooling tube were completed on schedule, as was a
> prototype mechanical stave with a PEEK cooling tube. Cooling tests of
> the mechanical stave were initiated. The design concepts of stave core
> assembly fixtures were demonstrated to work well during the
> fabrication of pieces for the prototype mechanical stave.

############################### Production and Testing (WBS 1.1.4) -- J. Fast

> During December the emphasis was on acquisition of tooling for
> assembly of the prototype modules (sensors mated to electronics). We
> have acquired all of the required tooling for L1 and L2-5 modules. We
> have moved ahead with design and fabrication of the wirebonding
> fixtures for L1 which were not schedule until later this spring as
> these were a straightforward extension of the L2-5 fixtures and are
> useful for production of prototype L1 modules.
>
> The L0 module tooling is fully designed and the drawings are ready for
> final checking and approval for fabrication. This effort was delayed
> somewhat by reconsideration of the routing of the analog flex cables
> which required modifications to the tooling design. Electrical module
> production is on-track, both for L1 and for L2-5. Fixtures have been
> exercised with mechanical parts and a CMM program developed.
> Electrical grade sensors and hybrid electronics will be available in
> early January for this phase of prototyping.

Stave assembly fixtures are designed and fabrication is ahead of
schedule - module installation tooling was available in mid-December and
C-channel installation tooling is expected by mid-January.

############################### QA, Testing & Burn-in (WBS 1.1.4) -- C. Gerber

> Procurements:

The Stand Alone sequencers (saseqs) were delivered and tested. From the
55 saseqs tested, 45 are working OK, and 10 are being repaired. All 50
conductor cables to connect the saseqs to the purple cards have been
received. We do have enough saseqs and cables to set up the teststands
at Sidet.

> Teststands:
>
> Status: Two 16-ch Hybrid test stands are ready (mechanics). Due to the
> limited amount of Purple Cards, only 8 channels are available for
> testing. One of four 16-ch Module test stand is ready (mechanics,
> cooling). 8 channels are equipped with Purple Cards and SASEQs.

############################### Cylinders (WBS 1.1.5) -- W. Cooper, K. Krempetz

> All pieces for fabrication of a prototype cylinder assembly have been
> completed. This includes a double-walled cylinder, end rings, end
> membrane pieces, and ball mount parts. Initial procedures for
> fabricating the cylinder assembly were developed. Assembly should
> progress on schedule.

############  {#section-1 .unnumbered}

############################### Monitoring (WBS 1.1.6) -- M. Corcoran, S. de Jong

> In December we selected the type of RTD to use for the L0/L1
> temperature monitors. Honeywell HEL700 -U -1 -C will be used, which is
> the same device as will be used on each hybrid. A combined order for
> the RTDs needed for both systems has been placed. The RTDs will be
> mounted on flex cables which also carry input and output signals. The
> general design features have been chosen, but the final design must
> await a consultation between Washington, Rice, and Fermilab as to the
> exact placement of the RTDs.

The design of the radiation monitoring system is proceeding. With the
design maturing for the inner layers, the hybrid support structure for
Layer 0 and the cooling for layers 0 and 1, the details of the
mechanical design of the radiation monitors is being worked out to avoid
any interference between the various systems. This design should
progress on schedule.

############################### Trigger (WBS 1.2) Schedule and Budget Information -- H. Evans, D. Wood

1.  **Level 1 Calorimeter Upgrade (WBS 1.2.1) -- M. Abolins, H.
    Evans, P. LeDu**

> Design work on the prototype Analog-Digital-Filter (ADF) board at
> Saclay is nearing completion, with schematics beginning to be
> generated. Critical decisions were made on the format of the data sent
> out from the ADFs and a preliminary agreement was reached on the
> details of the ADF-to-TAB cabling.
>
> The first completed Analog Splitter card, which will collect
> calorimeter signals, parasitically, during data taking for use in
> studying the digital filter algorithm, was shipped from Saclay to the
> US. It will be re-tested and installed at Fermilab during the month of
> January. In parallel, Saclay physicists are working on adapting the
> existing ADF functional simulator so that Splitter signals can be
> quickly analyzed and optimal filter parameters determined.
>
> Work on the Trigger Algorithm Board (TAB) has also progressed well at
> Nevis Labs. An acceptable layout of the input section of the TAB has
> been produced - an important step, upon which the final design depends
> because of the high input signal density. Output and slow control
> sections of the TAB are also nearly complete, leaving only
> Level-2/Level-3 and Cal-Track output sections to be finished.
>
> Simulation work has centered mainly on details of the format of
> Trigger Tower Et\'s sent from the ADFs to the TABs. This work has
> resulted in a baseline decision for this format, which will be studied
> further in the weeks to come. Work has also been done on including the
> Tau algorithm into the D-Zero trigger simulation package.

2.  **Level 1 Calorimeter/Track Matching (WBS 1.2.2) -- K. Johns**

> In December, work on the Cal-Track matching trigger progressed at
> University of Arizona in both board design and algorithm development.
>
> Joel Steinberg made substantial progress design of the prototype
> \"Flavor Board\" (MTFB). The design is effectively complete and is
> awaiting a final specification and design check.
>
> Work on the prototype Cal-Track algorithm resumed in earnest in
> December. Erich Varnes began a second pass to improve on the simple
> algorithms that were developed last summer. Work in writing the L1Mu
> FPGA design code under Quartus for the FPGA used on the MTFB above
> also progressed. This algorithm is very similar to that need for the
> Cal-Track trigger and some logic blocks will be taken over for that
> design as well.

############################### Level 1 Track Trigger (WBS 1.2.3) -- M. Narain

> In November and December, at Boston University, Shouxiang Wu continued
> the work that was begun in November on the firmware for the
> implementation of the target CTT algorithm. In order to maintain
> continuity with the current Run2a L1CTT, on of the key decisions were
> to preserve as much as possible of the current infrastructure - both
> hardware and firmware. This means that the starting for the Run2b
> L1CTT firmware is the Run2a framework. Given that the Run2a L1CTT
> firmware is not completely commissioned we had to start with a version
> which is probably not the final Run2a L1CTT firmware. We obtained the
> most up to date copy of the firmware in November. Since the firmware
> was designed by engineers at FNAL, and much of the documentation is
> scattered or was not there initially in November, it took a while to
> understand the details of the firmware design.
>
> During the process of understanding the firmware, Shouxiang found that
> he could rewrite the \"front end\" and the \"back end\" firmware and
> thus making the new code a bit simpler and the latency is 3 clock
> cycles less.
>
> Since this module is also being used in the current Runa L1CTT, and
> the decreased latency can benefit the Run2a firmware, Shouxiang sent
> the revised module to Jamieson Olson who is handling the Run2a
> firmware.
>
> Shouxiang is also in the process of making necessary changes to the
> modules to be able to use ISE. Also, work is ongoing in the area of
> producing the map from the current links to the DFEA to the single
> fibers, and then develop the translation code which produces the
> module which handles the singlet and doublet equations in the
> firmware.
>
> Marvin Johnson continued to work on the dynamic road generating
> algorithm. Mostly making it compatible with the current geometry of
> the CTT and the simulation, so that we can compare the efficiency and
> rejection with the equation based algorithm.

############################### Trigger Simulation (WBS 1.2.6) -- M. Hildreth, E. Perez

> Simulation work on the Level 1 Calorimeter trigger has centered mainly
> on details of the format of Trigger Tower Et\'s sent from the ADFs to
> the TABs. This work has resulted in a baseline decision for this
> format, which will be studied further in the weeks to come. Work has
> also been done on including the Tau algorithm into the D-Zero trigger
> simulation package.
>
> The simulation code has been updated such that the results of the
> calorimeter simulation can be easily retrieved from the standard
> D-Zero software framework. This should make it easier to study the
> performances of matching calorimeter and tracker objects at the
> trigger level - work is starting on that side.
>
> On the CTT simulation, the work in December was concerned with the
> implementation of the as-built geometry of the central fiber tracker,
> and studying the effect of beam offset from the nominal detector
> center. Efficiency of the Run IIB equations was checked and found to
> be acceptable out to impact parameters of 1mm.

II. **DAQ/Online (WBS 1.3) Schedule and Budget information-- S.
    Fuess, P. Slattery**

As most Online Systems tasks are scheduled for later in the project, the
only current activities involve installation and support of test
facilities or R&D operations. All scheduled installation activities for
this period were completed on time. The R&D activities involve
continuing studies in preparation for purchases a year or more in the
future.

The scheduled activities in this period are listed below. As these items
are reported on for the first time, additional details are included.

############################### Level 3 Systems (WBS 1.3.1) D. Chapin, G. Watts

> 1.3.1.5.1 Test Stand DAQ System Installation
>
> At the SiDet facility there will be two \"vertical slice\" test stands
> configured. These will exercise all elements of control and readout of
> silicon detector components, using the DAQ system in a manner as
> similar as possible to the full D0 detector. The \"1% Test Stand\" has
> been installed first, composed of one of each element in the detector
> and readout chain. A \"10% Test Stand\" will be configured later, as a
> complete clone of the 1% Test DAQ system but with more silicon
> detector elements.
>
> The scheduled 1% Test Stand hardware installation and configuration
> was completed by the end of November, 2002. This includes a VME crate
> with embedded readout processor (the SBC) and controls processor, a
> Linux node with DAQ and controls software, a Windows PC for
> engineering tests, and an Ethernet switch supporting a private
> network. The similar equipment for the 10% Test Stand is in hand.
> Integration tests are pending, to be followed by the creation of
> instructions for the local users.

############################### Network and Host Systems (WBS 1.3.2) -- J. Fitzmaurice, S. Krzywdzinski

> 1.3.2.4.1.4 FC SAN R&D Commissioning
>
> The Run IIb Online host system will use a Fibre Channel (FC) Storage
> Area Network for data, project, database, and user disk areas. A FC
> RAID array with embedded FC switches has been installed. R&D work
> continues on setting up Fibre Channel access from a Linux host. The FC
> host bus adapters need to be upgraded to be compatible with Linux
> drivers. This off-project R&D installation is a precursor to a 7-month
> period in which performance will be analyzed.
>
> 1.3.2.5.5 Host R&D Node Analysis
>
> Two dual-processor Linux systems are operational since October, 2002
> and have been parasitically used for Run IIa operations. Processor and
> network performances have been evaluated, and are consistent with
> expectations assumed for future Run IIb purchases. Similar systems
> will be used for the Host DAQ nodes, ORACLE database nodes, and file
> server nodes.

############################### Control Systems (WBS 1.3.3) -- F. Bartlett, G. Savage, V. Sirotenko

> 1.3.3.2.1 Test Stand Controls System installation
>
> A component of the SiDet Test Stands described in 1.3.1.5.1, a control
> system processor has been installed, configured, and is operational.
> The databases describing the monitored hardware elements are being
> configured as peripherals are attached to the control system.

# Variance Analysis

Variances are reported in the cost and schedule reports against
milestones. The milestone for submitting the next prototype SVX4 chip is
on the critical path and at risk. As discussed in section II we believe
we can recover this slack by skipping the second prototype cycle.

In all other cases the project remains comfortably ahead of schedule
with respect to the DOE milestones and within baseline cost.

We include the Variance Summary Table. Cost and schedule variances
against the DOE milestones are extracted from the Cost Tables in Section
VIII and shown here at Level 2.

1.  **D-Zero Run IIb Silicon (WBS 1.1)**

> There is no unfavorable schedule variance for WBS 1.1. We continue to
> watch the SVX4 chip prototype submission date to ensure there are no
> slippages.

2.  **D-Zero Run IIb Trigger Upgrade (WBS 1.2)**

> There is no unfavorable schedule variance for WBS 1.2.

3.  **D-Zero Run IIb Online (WBS 1.3)**

There is no unfavorable schedule variance for WBS 1.3

############################### Department of Energy Milestones

The milestone for a full silicon mechanical stave was achieved in
December, more than a week ahead of schedule.

############################### Cost Reports

4.  **Cost Performance Report**

> This report shows Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS), Budged Cost
> of Work Performed (BCWP) and Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) and
> WBS Level 3 for the Total Project Cost. All amounts shown are fully
> burdened. Costs are shown for the current month, cumulative to date
> and final project costs.
>
> Currently no equipment money is budgeted or spent.

5.  **CURVE Reports**

These graphically depict cumulative Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled
(BCWS), Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP), and Actual Cost of Work
Performed (ACWP), at WBS Level 2. Note that only the Budgeted Cost of
Work Scheduled is available on the equipment portion of the project
until final approval for equipment spending has been obtained. Amounts
shown are fully burdened.

![](media/image5.wmf){width="5.999305555555556in"
height="3.4944444444444445in"}

**Figure 5:** Silicon, Trigger, DAQ/Online, Administration Cost
Performance Report -- Work Breakdown Structure from Cobra. Note that no
equipment money is currently budgeted or spent, pending final approval
for equipment spending being granted.

![](media/image6.wmf){width="3.448611111111111in"
height="2.5881944444444445in"}

**Figure 6:** Run IIb D-Zero Detector Project Curve Reports. Note that
only the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled is available on the equipment
portion of the project until final approval for spending has been
obtained.