SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS OF the September 25, 2003

Federal Advanced Utility Metering Workshop

**Golden, Colorado**

**Prepared by John Giardino**

**Graduate Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering**

**University of Colorado-Boulder**

**[Table of Contents]{.smallcaps}**

Executive
Summary\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....3

Format\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....4

Overview of Presentations

Ab Ream: \"Metering: FEMP\'s
Perspective\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....4

Jim Lewis: \" Sample Sub-metering
Strategies"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...4

Millard Carr: \"Knowledge is
Power\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....4

> Cody Graves: \"Advanced Metering: How Do We Get from Here to
> There?\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....5

Gene Foley: \"Sub-metering Technology and Case
Histories\"\...\...\...\.....5 Kathleen Burns: \"Advanced Metering:

> Getting Down to
> Business\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...5

Greg Sullivan: \" Metering Opportunities for

> O&M Best
> Practices\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...5

Carter Ward: \"Metering and
Sub-Metering\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....6

Natale DiDonato: \"Advanced Metering Case
Studies\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....6

> Alison Tribble: \"Alliance to Save Energy: Advancing Energy Efficiency
> in the Federal
> Government\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...6

Andy Walker: \"Advanced Utility
Metering\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....6

Morey Wolfson: \"Metering Highlights at Energy
2003\"\...\...\...\...\...\...\....7

Summary of Proposed Legislation: Draft Plan of
Action\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....7

Proposed Guidance Development
Process\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...7

Draft Policy Framework: Office of Secretary of
Defense\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....8

Overview of Advanced Metering
Technology\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...9

Costs of Advanced
Metering\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...9

Benefits of Advanced
Metering\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....10

Government Case Studies

Los Angeles Air Force
Base\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...12

Washington International
Airport\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....12

Facilitated Discussion: Initial Questions to be
Answered\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....13

Appendix I:
Agenda\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....17

Appendix II: Workshop
Participants\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....19

Appendix III: Pending Legislation\...\...\...\.....
\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...25

Appendix IV:
Bibliography\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...27

**[Executive Summary]{.smallcaps}**

The purpose of this report is to summarize the proceedings of the
Federal Advanced Utility Metering Workshop hosted by the Federal Energy
Management Program (FEMP) on the subject of advanced metering at Federal
facilities. Advanced metering describes the use of \"smart\" meters,
which acquire interval data on a minimum of hourly or daily basis, or
sub-meters, which are placed on the user\'s side of the utility revenue
meter for the purpose of differentiating between the various loads at a
facility. The Comprehensive Energy Policy bill currently in conference
committee contains a subsection mandating that

> By October 1, 2010, all Federal buildings shall, for the purposes of
> efficient use of energy and reduction in the cost of electricity used
> in such buildings, be metered or sub-metered in accordance with
> guidelines established by the Secretary.

There were three primary goals of the Workshop:

-   Develop a process for preparing effective Federal guidance on
    advanced metering and the significance of the metering provisions
    contained in the 2003 comprehensive energy policy bill

-   Determine methods for calculating the cost and benefits of advanced
    metering

-   Determine options for alternative financing of advanced metering

The first sections of the report describe the format of the Workshop and
provide a synopsis of the presentations. The latter sections offer a
more in-depth account of the Workshop presentations and discussions and
summarize the progress made in developing the policy guidance.

#### Format 

## The Workshop was facilitated by thirteen presentations on advanced metering covering technology options, implementation strategies, and economic costs and benefits. The Workshop attendees included civilian and military Federal energy managers, representatives from energy technology companies, national laboratory staff and engineers, and other interested parties. The diverse disciplines of the Workshop attendees and presenters spurred continuous discussion throughout the day on the various aspects of advanced metering. The Workshop closed with a facilitated discussion of specific policy guidance issues.

## [Overview of Presentations]{.smallcaps}

**Ab Ream: "Metering -- FEMP's Perspective"**

Mr. Ream is the Department of Energy Federal Energy Management
Program\'s (FEMP) Manager of Operations and Maintenance (O&M) programs.
Mr. Ream focused on the benefits of advanced metering with regard to
reducing O&M costs. His philosophy on the use of advanced metering is
summed up in the statement: "You can't manage what you can't measure."
Mr. Ream described how the draft legislation instructs the Secretary of
Energy to develop guidance for Federal agencies, and that it is the
responsibility of the DOE's Office of Federal Energy Management to
conduct this work for the DOE. He further described NREL's role as
providing assistance to FEMP Headquarters to ensure that the
requirements of the legislation and the Department are met.

**Jim Lewis: \"Sample Sub-metering Strategies\"**

Mr. Lewis is founder and CEO of Obvius, a company specializing in
cost-effective solutions for acquiring and using energy and operational
data in commercial and industrial facilities. Mr. Lewis discussed
several advanced metering strategies and their associated costs and
benefits. His presentation offers an excellent summary of the economics
of advanced metering.

**Millard Carr: \"Knowledge is Power\"**

#### Mr. Carr was the Director of Energy and Engineering in the Office of the Secretary of Defense until 1997. He is currently the President of Energy Management Solutions, Inc., a company that helps private and public sector clients work together to develop mutually beneficial energy management strategies. He serves as a consultant to NREL's Federal Energy Management Program Team, and is assisting with NREL's support to FEMP 

regarding advanced metering. Mr. Carr discussed the updated legislation
and proposed a Guidance Development Process and Plan of Action. Mr. Carr
also summarized a draft Metering Policy Framework from the Office of
Secretary of Defense.

**Cody Graves: \"Advanced Metering: How Do We Get from Here to
There?\"**

Mr. Graves is the CEO of Automated Energy, Inc., a leading information
technology firm that provides custom, internet-ready energy management
information services. Mr. Graves covered economic and technological
issues regarding advanced metering. He discussed the idea of viewing
energy consumption on an enterprise-wide basis by linking databases of
energy information. Mr. Graves emphasized the importance of working with
utilities to further the cause of advanced metering.

**Gene Foley: \"Sub-metering Technology and Case Histories\"**

Mr. Foley is the Federal Facilities Marketing Manager for E-MON, L.P.,
an industry leader in solid-state electronic meters, sub-meters,
automated meter reading software, and load profilers. Mr. Foley gave a
detailed description of the primary components of advanced metering
systems- meters, communications, and analysis software. Mr. Foley
offered three governmental case studies (Smithsonian Institute
facilities, Los Angeles Air Force Base, and Washington International
Airport) where E-MON has installed advanced metering systems for the
purposes of tenant billing, cost allocation, and energy conservation.

**Kathleen Burns: \"Advanced Metering: Getting Down to Business\"**

Ms. Burns is director of the E Source Energy Information and
Communication Service, a division of Platts Research and Consulting. Ms.
Burns presented a thorough description of the process of designing and
deploying an advanced metering system. She discussed economics from the
perspective of building a business case for advanced metering. The
step-by-step process Ms. Burns described is an excellent starting point
for energy managers considering the installation of an advanced metering
system.

**Greg Sullivan: \" Metering Opportunities for O & M Best Practices\"**

Mr. Sullivan is a Senior Research Engineer with Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL). His research interests include resource
efficiency, operations and maintenance, end-use metering, and technology
evaluation. Mr. Sullivan described two products from PNNL, the
Operations and Maintenance Best Practices Guide (O&M BPG) and the Whole
Building Diagnostician (WBD) software. The O&M BPG highlights programs
that can improve energy and resource efficiency without significant
capital investments. The guide also discusses measures to increase
safety, ensure comfort and health of personnel, improve longevity of
equipment, and facilitate compliance with Federal legislation and
Executive Orders. The WBD software is designed to track and diagnose
energy performance of buildings. The software automates the data
collection and analysis from standard meters and controls devices and
displays information graphically in a user-friendly interface.

**Carter Ward: \"Metering and Sub-Metering\"**

Mr. Ward is the administrator of the DOE\'s energy usage and cost
database program. He is also a project facilitator in DOE\'s SuperESPC
(Energy Savings Performance Contract) program. Mr. Ward discussed
Executive Order 13123 and its implications on the development of the
advanced metering policy guidance. The Executive Order classifies
Federal facilities as either standard buildings, industrial and
laboratory facilities, or exempt facilities. Each classification
requires different levels of compliance with legislation or other
Executive Orders. The advanced metering policy guidance should
\"consider the need to collect and report energy usage information by
facility category classification as outline in currently applicable
directives and/ or legislation.\"

**Natale DiDonato: \"Advanced Metering Case Studies\"**

Mr. DiDonato is Manager of ConEdison\'s *Solution\'s* Energy Information
Services and has full operational responsibility for the energy
Management Operations Center (eMOC), which provides continuous,
web-based monitoring and control of energy usage, generators, central
plants, and other facility operating systems. Mr. DiDonato detailed the
use of ConEdison\'s services at the Empire State Building. The
diagnostic software allows customers to optimize facility energy use to
minimize operation costs through load shifting, use of alternative
fuels, and improved contract negotiation with energy providers.

**Alison Tribble: \"Alliance to Save Energy: Advancing Energy Efficiency
in the Federal Government\"**

Ms. Tribble is a Program Manager at the Alliance to Save Energy, a
non-profit organization that promotes energy efficiency worldwide to
achieve a healthier economy, a cleaner environment, and energy security.
Ms. Tribble discussed the mission of the Alliance to Save Energy and its
Federal Energy Productivity (FEP) program, which hosts workshops
designed to provide training, outreach, and cooperation on energy
efficiency methods and technologies.

**Andy Walker: \"Advanced Utility Metering\"**

Mr. Walker is a Senior Engineer at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL), serving the Federal Energy Management Program. He has
worked on numerous projects at NREL, with emphasis on renewable and
energy efficiency technologies. Mr. Walker provided an overview of
advanced metering, including metering technology and uses,

system architecture, implementation, relative costs, security issues,
and codes and standards.

**Morey Wolfson: \"Metering Highlights at Energy 2003\"**

Mr. Wolfson is a Senior Project Leader supporting the Federal Energy
Management Program at NREL. He consults with Federal agencies on utility
energy services contracting, renewable power purchasing, distributed
generation, metering, and interconnection. In addition to his summary of
the Energy 2003 Exposition, Mr. Wolfson also served as the host of the
Workshop. Mr. Wolfson described the August Energy 2003 energy-efficiency
workshop and exposition in Orlando, Florida. He reported on the
workshop, \"Metering: The Eyes and Ears of O&M\", which was one of the
best-attended workshops of Energy 2003. He also reported on a special
meeting on advanced metering hosted by the Office of the Secretary of
Defense. At that meeting, the OSD expressed strong support for FEMP's
leadership to address the need for collaboration in developing Federal
metering guidance.

**[Summary of Proposed Legislation: Draft Plan of Action]{.smallcaps}**

# The proposed legislation specifies that all Federal buildings be metered or sub-metered by October 1, 2010, for the purposes of efficient use of energy and reduction in the cost of electricity. It specifies the use of advanced meters capable of hourly or daily electric consumption measurements.

The legislation designates the DOE (with helping consultation with DoD,
GSA, Federal agencies, industry, labs, etc.) to develop metering
Guidance within 180 days of enactment of the subsection. The Guidance
shall take in to consideration 1) the cost of metering and sub-metering;
2) expected reductions in operations and maintenance costs; 3) expected
increased potential for energy efficiency and savings due to utility
aggregation; and 4) measurement and verification protocols. The Guidance
shall include recommendations concerning the amount of funds and the
number of trained personnel necessary to gather and use the metering
information to track and reduce energy use. It shall establish an
implementation date not later than one year from the issuance of the
Guidance. The Guidance shall establish exclusions from the metering
requirements based on the *de minimus* quantity of energy use of a
Federal building, industrial process, or structure.

The legislation states that within 6 months after the issuance of the
guidance, each Federal agency shall submit to the DOE Secretary a plan
describing how the agency will implement the metering requirements,
including 1) how the agency will designate personnel primarily
responsible for achieving the requirements and; 2) demonstration by the
agency, complete with documentation, of any finding that advanced meters
or advanced metering devices, are not practicable.

**[Proposed Guidance Development Process]{.smallcaps}**

The attendees of the Workshop were asked if they would agree to be
designated as the Ad Hoc Meeting Committee (AHMC). They agreed to be so
designated. The AHMC\'s purpose was to gather input from Federal
agencies and the private sector in order to develop sensible policy
Guidance as specified in the 2003 Comprehensive Energy Bill. Using the
draft policy framework from the Office of Secretary of Defense, the AHMC
will present draft Guidance to the Interagency Energy Task Force (IAETF)
(see below). The IAETF will use the draft Guidance and create a
Consensus Guidance, which will then be reviewed by the 656 Committee.
Once the 656 Committee is satisfied with the language, the DOE Secretary
will issue the final version of the Guidance ~1~.

#### Draft Policy Framework: Office of Secretary of defense

#### 

The following information has been approved by the OSD for release as a
starting point for consideration when developing federal advanced
metering guidance:

> The Department's energy objectives are to ensure that cost-effective
> actions are taken to eliminate energy waste, improve energy
> utilization efficiency, and implement measures to reduce energy costs.
> The Department's energy objectives are achieved through a variety of
> measures in which metering is a small but vital component. Metering in
> itself does not save energy, however use of meters can be beneficial
> to determine accurate billing, perform diagnostic maintenance, and
> enhance energy management by establishing baselines, developing demand
> profiles, ensuring accurate measurement for reporting, and providing
> feedback to users. Therefore, the Department fully supports the use of
> meters to manage energy usage where it is cost effective. Meters
> should be installed at locations where the energy usage being
> monitored justifies the cost of installing, maintaining and reading
> the meter.

The following framework shall be used as a \"strawman\" for developing
the Guidance ~1~:

**Who**:

Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) shall provide guidance to ensure
application of meters is consistent among Defense Components. Each
Defense Component should establish a metering plan and specific criteria
for installations to establish a metering program.

**What:**

Defense components should establish a way to have access, on a real or
near real time basis, to utility interval metered data to assist in
energy management. Interval metering on buildings can be achieved by
using digital meters in conjunction with a data collection/management
system. Interval meters shall be used where "time of use" (interval)
utility rate tariffs are in place or where building electric usage
anomalies need to be reconciled. Defense Components should initiate
maximum use of remote meter reading. All new meters shall be capable of
remote meter reading. Defense Components with meters unable to be
converted to remote reading should establish a meter
maintenance/replacement program to phase out the non-compliant meters
over time.

Data management can normally be accomplished through software resident
on an Automated Meter Reading System (AMR), Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) system or Energy Monitoring and Control System
(EMCS).

 

**When:**

Facilities where it has been determined to be cost-effective shall be
metered by

October 1, 2010.

**Where**:

For new or retrofit construction, facilities with estimated annual
electric bill of at least \$12,000 shall have electric meters equipped
with remote metering capability or AMR.

For existing buildings or facilities, electric meters equipped with
remote metering capability or AMR shall be installed on all buildings
that together comprise 80% of the overall facility electric consumption.
The existing base load or billing distribution shall be used to
prioritize buildings based upon electrical usage to derive the 80%
building selection. Facilities exempted by Defense Components under the
Annual Energy Report to Congress are exempted from this policy.
Public/Private Venture (P/PV) housings are also exempt.

Government owned military housing is included in the 80% as one
"building", however, will be sub-metered as a group, rather than
individually metered.

**How:**

Defense Components shall identify funding necessary to carry out their
metering plan by 2010 and request funding via the FY 2005 POM."

**[Overview of Advanced Metering Technology]{.smallcaps}**

Advanced metering is a generic term describing the use of \"smart\"
meters and sub-meters. Smart meters take interval measurements on an
hourly or daily basis. Some meters can monitor power quality for
harmonics, transients, and power factor. This function of advanced
meters is appropriate for primary service, laboratories, and IT
buildings, where expensive, sensitive equipment can be damaged. Advanced
meters have the capability to communicate the interval data via sneaker
reads, hard-wired systems (RS-485), wireless systems (licensed and
unlicensed), power-line communications, or an ethernet ~2~. Sub-meters
are simple or advanced meters placed on the user\'s side of the utility
revenue meter for the purpose of distinguishing between loads, such as
buildings, zones, floors, or laboratories.

**[Costs of Advanced Metering]{.smallcaps}**

Costs can be easy to underestimate, so care must be taken when
developing a metering project. Costs include the up front costs of
system components and installation and continuing costs of data
communication, maintenance, updates and upgrades, additional
installations, and labor. System components include the meters,
communications hardware, analysis software, and data storage. Table 1
gives typical costs for the installation of one advanced meter ~3~.

**Table 1: Cost Estimates for the Installation of an Energy Meter**

> **[Item]{.underline} [Low]{.underline} [High]{.underline}**
>
> Electrical sub-meter 400 600
>
> Data acquisition and 600 1000
>
> communications
>
> Wiring 100 200
>
> Miscellaneous [100]{.underline} [200]{.underline}
>
> **Totals** \$1200 \$2000

Data communication may impose significant operational costs, depending
on communication pathways (monthly hard line or internet service)
employed. Analysis software varies widely in price and sophistication,
depending on the size and complexity of the metering system. Data
storage and system management require additional personnel, which may be
in-house IT staff or contracted work through and Application Service
Provider ~4~. Personnel training is necessary if the system management
is done in-house.

**[Benefits of Advanced Metering]{.smallcaps}**

The benefits of advanced metering are numerous, but depend on the
investment in capital and personnel. Utilities may use advanced metering
for the purposes of time-of-use billing, demand response, automated
meter reading, or distribution load management. A Facilities Manager may
use advanced metering to monitor power quality, to issue emergency or
condition alerts, for maintenance diagnostics, or in order to combine
multiple building management systems ~4~.

Advanced metering can offer significant improvements in O&M efficiency.
Buildings are often not designed for optimal energy performance, nor are
they always used in the same manner as their designers assumed.
Commissioning, the diagnosis of a building\'s energy usage and the
subsequent addition of equipment or measures to increase efficiency,
rarely take place under current practices. Advanced metering allows
Energy Managers to benchmark and analyze loads, gain insight into how to
improve efficiency and set efficiency targets, manage peak demand, and
meet measurement & verification protocols ~4,\ 5~.

Metering strategies are differentiated according to the extent to which
information from the meters is utilized. Four such strategies are
discussed below; increased activity and information utilization results
in increased savings ~3~. The increased savings come at the cost of
increased investment in equipment, personnel, or both:

1)  Install meters only with software for collecting data

2)  Metering with cost allocation software

3)  Metering with cost allocation and operational analysis and
    fine-tuning (Building Tune Up)

4)  Metering with cost allocation, intensive monitoring of major energy
    consuming equipment using specialized software and outside review of
    operations and verification of savings (Continuous commissioning)

Strategy 1 entails only the installation of sub-meters in individual
buildings and the storage of energy data. No reporting, cost allocation,
or ongoing activities are performed under this strategy. No savings are
expected under Strategy 1, for meters in and of themselves do not save
energy. The information that meters provide must be used in order to
realize savings.

Strategy 2 entails the installation of sub-meters and monitoring
software. Reporting and cost allocation is performed monthly with the
issuing of bills and accountability reports. Savings of 2.5% to 5% are
expected under Strategy 2.

Strategy 3 entails the installation of sub-meters and software in all
buildings that monitor electricity, gas, water, and steam usage.
Reporting and cost allocation is performed monthly with the issuing of
bills and accountability reports. Monthly reviews of the data with
operations staff are performed. Savings of 5% to 15% are expected under
Strategy 3.

Strategy 4 entails the installation of sub-meters and software in all
buildings that monitor electricity, gas, water, and steam usage.
Reporting and cost allocation is performed monthly with the issuing of
bills and accountability reports along with verification of energy
savings. Savings of 15% to 45% are expected under Strategy 4.

Table 2 summarizes the expected savings due to implementation of the
above strategies ~5~.

**Table 2: Metering Action and Observed Savings**

**[Action]{.underline}**

Installation of meters

Bill allocation only

Building tune-up

Continuous Commissioning

**[Observed Savings]{.underline}**

0-2% (the "Hawthorne Effect")

2 ½% to 5% (improved awareness)

5% to 15% (improved awareness, and identification of simple O&M
improvement)

15% to 45% (improved awareness, ID simple O&M improvements, project
accomplishment, and continuing mgmt. attention)

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the initial improvement in a process of
production caused by the obtrusive observation of that process. The
effect was first noticed in the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric.
Production increased not as a consequence of actual changes in working
conditions introduced by the plant\'s management but because *management
demonstrated interest* in such improvements ~5~.

**[Government Case Studies]{.smallcaps}**

**Los Angeles Air Force Base**

There were four primary goals of the advanced metering project at the LA
Air Force Base, including the identification of energy savings
opportunities, energy costs allocation, compliance with reduced energy
consumption mandate, and verification of energy savings. The project
involved the installation of over 50 E-MON / D-MON sub-meters, 21 I-MON
data accumulators, and CE-MON analysis software. The project cost was
estimated at around \$50,000, while the system was used to verify over
\$1 million in savings ~3~.

**Washington International Airport**

The Washington International Airport covers over 1 million square feet
and uses approximately \$6.5 million in electricity annually. The space
is divided among 65 tenants and staffed by about 11,00 employees. Over
200 locations in the airport are now metered at an installation cost in
the range of \$300,000. Energy managers estimate savings of 10% from
more accurate tenant billing, 5% from improved cost allocation, and a
potential of 10% savings from conservation measures. In addition to the
costs and energy savings, the installation of the meters has minimized
disputes between the tenants and the landlord since the actual tenant
energy consumption can be measured and verified ~3~.

[**Facilitated Discussion: Initial** **Questions to be
Answered**]{.smallcaps}

A series of questions were posed to the AHMC in order to form an initial
consensus of what the Guidance should include ~1~. The AHMC was urged to
focus on the purpose of advanced metering first and foremost. Saving
energy is not the only goal; cost allocation and equitable billing are
also goals. The abilities and capabilities of the meters must be
considered. A summary of the questions and the subsequent brainstorming
follows:

1.  How specific should the guidance be?

-   The Guidance should not be overly prescriptive

-   May be in form of \> \$X KW per month or \>X kWh per month

-   Different levels of metering may be needed for different
    size/classifications of buildings; some might make sense to meter
    with a \$200 meter, others would require a \$2000 meter

-   Guidance should require data use

-   State the purpose regarding saving energy; include natural gas,
    steam, water, etc.

-   Phased program -- 2005- 2010 -- should be a phased program. Start
    small. Look at ROI.

-   Could be prescriptive parts to require billing based on metered
    data, not square foot allocation.

-   A Model RFP was suggest, but it must be customized- beware of one
    size fits all.

2.  Meter electricity only?

-   Water, compressed air, steam, gas, emissions, etc.

3.  What costs of metering use should be included?

-   Meter cost

-   Correct installation

-   Data acquisition

-   Communication

-   Software licensing

-   Wiring

-   In-house or contracted analysis

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-   What happens if agencies don't have the resources and don't have the
    dollars to contract? Perhaps analyze the experience of Resource
    Energy Managers. Review publications on REM experience.

-   Two types of guidance- policy and implementation (hire a REM off of
    the GSA Schedule).

4.  How will estimates of O&M and energy savings from metering be made?

-   Should it even be in the guidance?

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-   Could we simply state that agencies should not forget the O&M?

-   Problem is quantifying the data- give people a range of data that
    you could expect from different building types. Even if you take the
    low end of each range, you get a good payback.

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-   Tap into the private sector's experience, and even better - look for
    benchmark points from government buildings.

-   Life-cycle costs

5.  How will estimates of aggregation savings be made?

-   Don't neglect this step

# 

# How will follow-up efforts (analysis, implementation, "fine-tuning," continuous commissioning) be accomplished?

-   In-house, existing contractors, contract.

-   Not to be specified in the guidance, but put it in as a reminder not
    to forget about these elements.

-   Ensure proper/adequate use of data.

-   Identify some options through a decision tree on how to decide among
    these options:

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-   In-house staff with appropriated budget

-   Contractor

-   Applications Service Provider to provide analysis

-   Utility Contracting

-   REM

6.  How can we make sure this will happen?

-   Modify the scorecard that requires reporting on metering progress

7.  Should exclusion criteria be included in the guidance?

-   Metering requirement may be used to help with other management
    goals.

-   Better project identification.

-   Improved operation and maintenance, and

-   Continuous commissioning

-   

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-   Should existing exempted buildings continue to be excluded?
    (Energy-intensive is now exempt, but this is where the opportunities
    reside)

-   Critically sensitive (security) buildings are excluded

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-   There could be demand shift opportunities identified, make it part
    of the plan.

-   Justify reasons for not metering.

8.  How should existing reporting requirements be incorporated in new
    guidance?

-   Meet the current reporting requirements, and how they fit in, e.g.
    VA has web-based their master meters and submits reports
    electronically to HQ.

9.  What level of metering should be recommended?

-   It all depends. Guidance needs to be clear, but not so strong that
    it represents one big hurdle. Break it down into steps. Stop
    thinking about metering in terms of something that you have to do;
    turn it into something that is positively reinforced through
    experience.

-   Do plans with the greatest opportunities

-   We need to be aware that we don't set the bar be too low, as well.

-   The financial issue of retaining savings needs to be linked with the
    guidance; a reward/incentive structure should be designed

-   How can we make the 1992 EPACT incentive language finally be
    workable? NASA and DOE were the two that did it. In contrast, when
    the Coast Guard received rebates from the utilities, they were
    required to give some of it to the Treasury.

10. How should buildings be prioritized -- demand opportunities,
    electric cost \>x cents/kWh?

11. ESPC/UESC contracts?

-   Can we revise existing alternative finance guidance? Place metering
    in the bona fide list of Energy Conservation Measures. But how could
    an ESCO guarantee savings from metering? Can we stipulate metering?
    If the ESCO does the evaluation, and makes the recommendation for
    installing metering, then that negotiated share would work. Metering
    may not show up initially in the bundle of ECMs, but could they?
    Perhaps if an agency does a project over a certain dollar amount,
    perhaps that should trigger metering. ESCO experience in
    cogeneration has already migrated over to metering.

12. Should new and existing facility guidance be the same?

-   Even a building that is using only a small amount of energy now, may
    be requiring meters later, perhaps when using a lot more energy.

13. Other concerns/points raised

-   Beware of overwhelming people- they'll freeze up and not do
    anything. It should be done on a phased basis- guidelines must be
    realistic- must be able to be implemented.

-   Scalability- low hanging fruit; important way to sell the effort-
    start small, early successes, build on the successes. Can't push it
    away just because they don't have the budget. Show direction towards
    meeting the goal, "where practicable."

-   How about changing the incentive structure in the government
    budgeting- allow for agencies to keep the savings? Agencies must
    learn how to use the already existing incentives. The meter might be
    the cash register to prove the savings, allowing for more use of the
    existing incentive.

-   Follow-on guidelines might address financial aspects, as the
    physical deployment.

-   Recognize the different agency constraints in the budget processes.

-   As a companion piece, we might provide recommendations for
    legislative remedies to overcome the disincentives.

-   Should there be a requirement on the utilities that they should
    harmonize metering? In the guidance we could recommend this.
    Utilities could be a very big player in this. Each state has
    different requirements and different line of business restrictions
    regarding utilities and metering. Be careful about being too
    specific regarding requirements for utilities. The more specific you
    are with the utilities, you increase the likelihood of push-back.

-   Determine the distinction between DoD and the Executive agencies,
    and the other civilian agencies

##   {#section-2 .unnumbered}

## [Appendix I: WORKSHOP Agenda]{.smallcaps}

**Table Mountain Inn**

**Golden, CO**

**September 25, 2003**

**7:30 -- 9:00** Continental Breakfast

**9:00 -- 10:15** Welcome and Updates:

> Around the room - introductions
>
> Sharon Gill, Department of Energy Denver Regional Office
>
> Ab Ream, Federal Energy Management Program O&M Program
>
> Morey Wolfson, NREL FEMP Team
>
> Review of the Workshop's objectives
>
> Review of previous Federal Advanced Metering meetings:

-   Alison Tribble, Alliance to Save Energy, reporting on the highlights
    of the ASE's Seminar on Advanced Metering for Federal Officials
    July, 2002 at the Edison Electric Institute

-   Andy Walker reporting on the highlights of FEMP\'s August, 2002
    Metering Workshop

-   Morey Wolfson reporting on the highlights of the Advanced Metering
    meetings at the Energy 2003 Workshop in Orlando, August, 2003

**10:15 -- 10:45** Update on Federal metering legislation, and an
introduction of a framework for meeting our objectives:

> Millard Carr, President, Energy Management Solutions

**10:45 -- 11:00** Networking break

**11:00 -- 12:15** Presentations and discussion:

> Gene Foley, E-MON

Cody Graves, Automated Energy Inc.

Jim Lewis, Obvius, Inc.

**12:15 -- 1:00** Lunch at the Table Mountain Inn

> Kathleen Burns, Director, E Source Energy Information and
> Communication Service at Platts Research and Consulting

**1:00 -- 1:30** After lunch break

**1:30 -- 2:45** Presentations and discussion:

John Gosslee, Viterra

Carter Ward, Energy Information Systems

> Greg Sullivan, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
>
> Nat DiDonato, ConEd Solutions

**2:45 -- 3:00** Networking break

**3:00 -- 4:00** Facilitated discussion, focus on the next steps

## 4:00 Adjourn

##   {#section-3 .unnumbered}

## [Appendix II: Workshop Participants]{.smallcaps}

**Barley, Dennis**

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7592

Fax: (303) 384-7540

dennis_barley@nrel.gov

**Beattie, Deb**

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd, MS 2723

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7548

Fax: (303) 384-7411

deb_beattie@nrel.gov

**Bovankovich, David**

VP, Engineering: E-Mon

One Oxford Valley, Suite 418

Langhorne, PA 19047

Phone: (215) 752-0601

Fax: (215) 752-3094

dbovank@emon.com

**Brown, Merwin**

**Burns, Kathleen**

Director, EI&C

Platts Research and Consulting

3333 Walnut Street

Boulder, CO 80301

Phone: (720) 548-5711

Fax: (720) 548-5001

kathleen_burns@platts.com

**Carlisle, Nancy**

Senior Program Leader

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7509

Fax: (303) 384-7411

nancy_carlisle@nrel.gov

**Carr, Millard**

President

Energy Management Solutions

65 Pierce Court

Fredericksburg, VA 22406

Phone: (540) 752-6803

Fax: (540) 752-6804

nrgmgtsl@erols.com

**Carruth, Charlie**

General Services Administration

Denver, Colorado

charlie.carruth@gsa.gov

**Clark, Scott**

Energy Manager

Army -- Env. Compliance & Mgmt.

1638 Elwell Street, Building 6236

Fort Carson, CO 80913

Phone: (719) 526-1739

Fax: (719) 526-1705

scott.clark@carson.army.mil

**Colvin, Mary**

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

mary_colvin@nrel.gov

**Croy, Don**

Current-C Energy Systems

51 West 84^th^ Avenue, Suite 120

Denver, CO 82016

Phone: (720) 977-9333

Fax: (720) 977-9334

dcroy@currentc.com

**Dahle, Doug**

Senior Project Engineer

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7513

Fax: (303) 384-7411

doug_dahle@nrel.gov

**Denning, Hugh**

Executive Sales

Square D/Schneider Electric

950 S Cherry Street, Suite 1010

Denver, CO 80246

Phone: (303) 639-6624

Fax: (859) 817-4660

denningh@squared.com

**DiDonato, Natale**

Manager

ConEdison Solutions

701 Westchester Ave

Suite 301E

White Plains, NY 10604

Phone: (914) 286-7013

Fax: (212) 387-2129

didonaton@conedsolutions.com

**Dominick, Jeff**

Senior Project Leader

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7307

Fax: (303) 384-7411

jeffrey_dominick@nrel.gov

**Dunnivant, Steve**

Project Facilitator

EMP2, Inc.

219 Greenview Drive

Richland, WA 99352

Phone: (509) 783-5176

Fax: (509) 783-5204

steved@emp2.com

**Eggink, John**

Business Development

Power Measurement

9462 Waterfall Road

Brentwood, TN 37027

Phone: (615) 250-3766

Fax: (615) 250-3782

john.eggink@pwrm.com

**Fenlon, Noel**

Energy Program Manager

Bureau of Prisons

Facilities Management Branch

500 1st Street NW, Suite 800

Washington, DC 20534

Phone: (202) 514-6652

Fax: (202) 514-8848

nfenlon@bop.gov

**Foley, Eugene**

Marketing Manager

E-Mon

11620 Happy Choice Lane

Gaithersburg, MD 20878

Phone: (301) 502-6597

Fax: (301) 762-1162

gfoley@emon.com

**Giardino, John**

Intern

University of Colorado

2985 E College Avenue, #13

Boulder, CO 80303

Phone: (303) 492-5860

giardino@colorado.edu

# Gill, Sharon

US Department of Energy

Denver Regional Office

**Golden, Dan**

Industrial Engineer Tech

US Army

805 Tevis Street

Fort Carson, CO 80913

Phone: (719) 526-5245

Fax: (719) 526-5245

dan.golden@carson.army.mil

# Gosslee, John

Viterra Energy Services

7406 Fullerton, #300

Jacksonville, FL 32256

Phone: (972) 867-0892

Fax: (310) 388-5642

jgosslee@viterrausa.com

**Graves, Cody**

CEO/President

Automated Energy, Inc

211 N. Robinson, 7th Floor

Oklahoma City, OK 73102

Phone: (405) 601-7500

Fax: (405) 601-7503

cgraves@automatedenergy.com

**Grobler, John**

Resource Efficiency Manager

US Navy

Navy Region Northwest (N44A7)

1103 Hunley Road

Silverdate, WA 98315

Phone: (360) 396-5488

Fax: (360) 396-5024

john.grobler@subase.nsb.navy.mil

**Held, Sharon**

Sr. Key Accounts Representative

City of Fort Collins Utilities

700 Wood Street, PO Box 580

Fort Collins, CO 80521

Phone: (970) 221-6706

Fax: (970) 221-6619

sheld@fcgov.com

**Holmes, David**

Electrical Engineer

US Navy

Naval Facilities Engineering Svc. Ctr.

1100 23rd Ave - Code ESC 22

Port Hueneme, CA 93043

Phone: (805) 982-1368

Fax: (805) 982-5388

dave.holmes@navy.mil

**Howard, David**

Senior Project Leader

National Renewable Energy Lab

901 D Street, SW, Suite 930

Washington, DC 20024

Phone: (202) 646-5221

Fax: (202) 646-7780

dave.howard@nrel.gov

**Jones, Keith**

Director of Sales

eMeter Corporation

7900 Hardwick Drive

Raleigh, NC 27615

Phone: (919) 866-1141

keith@emeter.com

**King, Paul**

US Department of Energy - EERE

Boston Regional Office

Boston, MA

paul.king@ee.doe.gov

**Lesch, Bob**

Vice President, Marketing

Measuring and Monitoring Services, Inc.

620 Shrewsbury Avenue

Tinton Fall, NJ 07701

Phone: (732) 530-3280

Fax: (732) 576-8067

rlesch@mmsinc.com

**Lewis, Jim**

CEO

Obvius

20827 NW Cornell Road, Suite 100

Hillsboro, OR 97124

Phone: (503) 601-2099

Fax: (503) 601-6878

lewisj@obvius.com

**McCoy, Mike**

Senior Engineer

Tri State Generation & Transmission Association

1100 W 116th Ave, PO Box 33695

Denver, CO 80233

Phone: (303) 452-6111

Fax: (303) 254-6067

mmccoy@tristategt.org

**Miller, Ron**

Meter Technician

City Utilities

1338 Rumsey Avenue

Cody, WY 82414

Phone: (307) 587-6803

electric@vcn.com

**Millstein, Don**

President

E-Mon

One Oxford Valley

Suite 418

Langhorne, PA 19047

Phone: (800) 334-3666

Fax: (215) 752-3094

dmillstein@emon.com

**Mitchell, Robert**

Energy Manager

NASA

PO Box 20

Las Cruces, NM 88004

Phone: (505) 524-5774

Fax: (505) 524-5798

robert.e.mitchell@nasa.gov

**Perez, Vincent**

Current-C Energy Systems

51 West 84^th^ Avenue, Suite 120

Denver, CO 82016

Phone: (720) 977-9333

Fax: (720) 977-9334

viperez@currentc.com

**Ream, Ab**

Energy Technology Program Spec

US Department of Energy - FEMP

1000 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, DC 20585

Phone: (202) 586-7230

Fax: (202) 586-7680

ab.ream@ee.doe.gov

**Rice, Bruce**

HHS/FDA/NCTR

3900 NCTR Road

Jefferson, AR 72079

Phone: (870) 543-7351

Fax: (870) 543-7345

brice@nctr.fda.gov

**Richardson, Jeff**

Account Executive

Elster Electricity

4215 Zurich Drive

Colorado Springs, CO

Phone: (719) 282-3981

Fax: (719) 282-8367

jeff.richardson@us.elster.com

**Robichaud, Robi**

FEMP Technical Assistance Team

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7553

Fax: (303) 384-7411

robi_robichaud@nrel.gov

**Sain, Steve**

President

Sain Engineering Associates

5545 Heath Row Drive

Birmingham, AL 35242

Phone: (205) 979-9966

Fax: (205) 979-9936

steve.sain@saineng.com

**Sferrazza, Sal**

Engineer

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7370

sal_sferrazza@nrel.gov

**Shah, Chandra**

Senior Project Leader

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7557

Fax: (303) 384-7411

chandra_shah@nrel.gov

**Shaw, Gilbert**

Director - Federal Sales

Itron, Inc.

1010 Atlantic Avenue

Alameda, CA 94501

Phone: (510) 263-2740

gilbert.shaw@itron.co

**Stewart, Rhonda**

Energy Manager

US Navy

Puget Sound Naval Shipyard

1400 Farragut Ave, Bldg 290 3rd Flr

Bremerton, WA 98314

Phone: (360) 476-5216

Fax: (360) 476-0347

stewartr@psns.navy.mil

**Sullivan, Greg**

Senior Research Engineer

Pacific Northwest National Lab

PO Box 999, MSIN: K6-10

Richland, WA 99351

Phone: (509) 372-6212

Fax: (509) 372-4879

gp.sullivan@pnl.gov

**Thomas, John**

US Navy - Public Works Center

2730 McKean Street, Suite 1

Code 610 Utilities Department

San Diego, CA

Phone: (619) 556-7989

Fax: (619) 556-9745

thomasjw@pwcsd.navy.mil

**Tribble, Allison**

Program Manager

Alliance to Save Energy

1200 18th Street NW, Suite 900

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: (202) 530-2231

Fax: (202) 331-9588

atribble@ase.org

**Van Geet, Otto**

Engineer

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7369

Fax: (303) 384-7411

otto_vangeet@nrel.gov

**Voss, Phil**

National Renewable Energy Lab

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7544

Fax: (303) 384-7411

philip_voss@nrel.gov

**Walker, Andy**

Senior Engineer

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7531

Fax: (303) 384-7411

andy_walker@nrel.gov

**Ward, Carter**

Project Facilitator

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

11201 Wilshire Ave

Albuquerque, NM 87112

Phone: (505) 856-9226

Fax: (505) 856-9226

cward@eisresource.com

**Ward, David**

Project Facilitator

US Department of Energy

65 Main Street

Framingham, MA 01702

Phone: (508) 405-1946

Fax: (508) 405-4317

david.ward@rcn.com

**Wolf, Scott**

Alternative Financing Specialist

US Department of Energy - SRO

800 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3950

Seattle, WA 98104

Phone: (206) 553-2405

Fax: (206) 553-2200

scott.wolf@ee.doe.gov

**Wolfson, Morey**

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

1617 Cole Blvd

Golden, CO 80401

Phone: (303) 384-7449

Fax: (303) 384-7411

morey_wolfson@nrel.gov

**[Appendix III: Pending Legislation]{.smallcaps}**

**SEC. 912. ENERGY USE MEASUREMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY.**

Section 543 of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
8253) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

\(e\) Metering of Energy Use-

\(1\) DEADLINE- By October 1, 2010, all Federal buildings shall, for the
purposes of efficient use of energy and reduction in the cost of
electricity used in such buildings, be metered or sub-metered in
accordance with guidelines established by the Secretary under paragraph
(2).

Each agency shall use, to the maximum extent practicable, advanced
meters or advanced metering devices that provide data at least daily and
that measure at least hourly consumption of electricity in the Federal
buildings of the agency. Such data shall be incorporated into existing
Federal energy tracking systems and made available to Federal facility
energy managers.

\(2\) Guidelines-

\(A\) IN GENERAL- Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
this subsection**,** the Secretary, in consultation with the Department
of Defense, the General Services Administration and representatives from
the metering industry, utility industry, energy services industry,
energy efficiency industry, national laboratories, universities and
Federal facility energy managers, shall establish guidelines for
agencies to carry out paragraph (1).

\(B\) REQUIREMENTS FOR GUIDELINES- The guidelines shall---

\(i\) Take into consideration\--

(I) The cost of metering and sub-metering and the reduced cost of
    operation and maintenance expected to result from metering and
    sub-metering;

(II) The extent to which metering and sub-metering are expected to
     result in increased potential for energy management, increased
     potential for energy savings and energy efficiency improvement, and
     cost and energy savings due to utility contract aggregation; and

(III) The measurement and verification protocols of the Department of
      Energy;

\(ii\) Include recommendations concerning the amount of funds and the
number of trained personnel necessary to gather and use the metering
information to track and reduce energy use;

\(iii\) Establish one or more dates, not later than 1 year after the
date of issuance of the guidelines, on which the requirements specified
in paragraph (1) shall take effect; and

\(iv\) Establish exclusions from the requirements specified in paragraph
(1) based on the *de minimus* quantity of energy use of a Federal
building, industrial process, or structure.

\(3\) PLAN- No later than 6 months after the date guidelines are
established under paragraph (2), in a report submitted by the agency
under section 548(a), each agency shall submit to the Secretary a plan
describing how the agency will implement the requirements of paragraph
(1), including (A) how the agency will designate personnel primarily
responsible for achieving the requirements and (B) demonstration by the
agency, complete with documentation, of any finding that advanced meters
or advanced metering devices, as defined in paragraph (1), are not
practicable.

**[Appendix IV: Bibliography]{.smallcaps}**

1.  Millard Carr, \"Knowledge is Power\", 09-25-03

2.  Gene Foley: \"Sub-metering Technology and Case Histories\", 09-25-03

3.  Jim Lewis: \"Sample Sub-metering Strategies\", 09-25-03

4.  Kathleen Burns: \"Advanced Metering: Getting Down to Business\",
    09-25-03

5.  Ab Ream: "Metering -- FEMP's Perspective", 09-25-03