Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 9/29/2006

**GAIN Report Number:** TU6042

TU6042

**Turkey**

**Fresh Deciduous Fruit**

**Annual**

**2006**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Ralph Gifford, Agricultural Counselor

Ankara

**Prepared by:**

Unal Sarigedik, Agricultural Specialist

**Report Highlights:**

Turkey\'s 2006 fresh deciduous fruit production suffered from
unfavorable weather conditions. Late frosts in spring and very hot and
dry weather in summer reduced yields, especially for apples. Production
decreases are expected to be about 20 percent for apples, 10 percent for
pears, and five percent for grapes. Turkey consumes most of its
deciduous fruit production domestically and exports only small
quantities mostly to Middle Eastern and European countries. The import
duties remain unchanged since 2004 at 60.3 percent for fresh apples and
pears and 54.9 percent for fresh table grapes.

Includes PSD Changes: Yes

Includes Trade Matrix: Yes

Unscheduled Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

Table of Contents

[Executive Summary 3](#executive-summary)

[Production 4](#production)

[Apples 4](#apples)

[PS&D Table for Fresh Apples 4](#psd-table-for-fresh-apples)

[Pears 5](#pears)

[PS&D Table for Fresh Pears 6](#psd-table-for-fresh-pears)

[Grapes 6](#grapes)

[PS&D Table for Fresh Table Grapes 7](#psd-table-for-fresh-table-grapes)

[Consumption 7](#consumption)

[Apples 7](#apples-1)

[Pears 8](#pears-1)

[Grapes 8](#grapes-1)

[Trade 8](#trade)

[Export Trade Matrix for Fresh Apples
9](#export-trade-matrix-for-fresh-apples)

[Import Trade Matrix for Fresh Apples
9](#import-trade-matrix-for-fresh-apples)

[Export Trade Matrix Fresh Pears 10](#export-trade-matrix-fresh-pears)

[Import Trade Matrix Fresh Pears 10](#import-trade-matrix-fresh-pears)

[Export Trade Matrix Fresh Table Grapes
11](#export-trade-matrix-fresh-table-grapes)

[Import Trade Matrix Fresh Table Grapes
11](#import-trade-matrix-fresh-table-grapes)

[Stocks 11](#stocks)

[Policy 12](#policy)

[Table 1: Import Duties for Fresh Apples, Pears, and Table Grapes
12](#table-1-import-duties-for-fresh-apples-pears-and-table-grapes)

[Marketing 12](#marketing)

# Executive Summary

Turkey's MY 2006 deciduous fruit production suffered from unfavorable
weather conditions, during the growing season, specifically late frosts
in spring and very hot and dry weather in summer. Apple production,
which was most affected by the bad weather, is expected to be about 20
percent lower, pear production is expected to be about 10 percent lower,
and table grape production is expected to be about five percent lower
than they were a year ago.

Turkey consumes about 90 percent of its deciduous fruit production
domestically. Only a small proportion of the production is exported.
Middle Eastern and European markets are the primary destinations. Russia
is also a significant market especially for fresh table grapes. Turkey
could increase its exports if the quality of deciduous fruits were
higher. Despite some improvement in recent years due to better seedlings
and production techniques, quality still remains an important impediment
to increased trade.

To protect Turkish growers, a 60.3 percent duty is applied on fresh
apple and pear imports and a 54.9 percent import duty is applied on
fresh table grape imports from all origins. These rates have not been
changed since 2004.

The Turkish government does not subsidize the production or the exports
of apples, pears or grapes.

\[Note: The exchange rate for USD 1.00 is approximately YTL 1.50
compared to YTL 1.35 a year ago\]

# Production

Due to varying soil and climate conditions, Turkey grows a wide range of
fresh fruits, including deciduous fruits. Late frosts in spring and very
dry and hot weather in summer reduced the yields of most fresh fruits,
especially apples in MY 2006.

## Apples

Apples are grown in most parts of the country, but concentrated mostly
in the South Central Anatolia and Northern Mediterranean Regions. Major
commercial apple growing provinces are Isparta, Karaman, Nigde, Antalya,
Eregli, Denizli, Yalova, and Amasya Provinces. About half of the apples
grown in Turkey are Red Delicious (Starking) and about a third are
Golden Delicious. Amasya variety is the primary local variety, which
constitutes about ten percent of total production. Granny Smith, Fuji,
Gala, Jonagold, and Braeburn varieties are quickly developing in Turkey.
In addition to a few large commercial farms, smaller farms (about 10
hectares) are also being established in recent years. All of these farms
are using better quality seedlings and newer technology including
intensive plantings on dwarfing and intermediate vigor rootstocks.

### PS&D Table for Fresh Apples

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><p>Turkey</p>
<p>Apples, Fresh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
<td><strong>Revised</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2005</strong></td>
<td><strong>Estimate</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2006</strong></td>
<td><strong>Forecast</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>UOM</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Market Year Begin</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2004</td>
<td>07/2004</td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2005</td>
<td>07/2005</td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2006</td>
<td>07/2006</td>
<td>MM/YYYY</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Area Planted</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Area Harvested</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Bearing Trees</strong></td>
<td>35000</td>
<td>32700</td>
<td>35500</td>
<td>35000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>36300</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>36500</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Non-Bearing Trees</strong></td>
<td>7000</td>
<td>6300</td>
<td>6900</td>
<td>7000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>7000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>7000</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total Trees</strong></td>
<td>42000</td>
<td>39000</td>
<td>42400</td>
<td>42000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>43300</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>43500</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Commercial Production</strong></td>
<td>2100000</td>
<td>2300000</td>
<td>2100000</td>
<td>2500000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2570000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Non-Comm. Production</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Production</strong></td>
<td>2100000</td>
<td>2300000</td>
<td>2100000</td>
<td>2500000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2570000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Imports</strong></td>
<td>3600</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>3685</td>
<td>3000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3057</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Total Supply</strong></td>
<td>2103600</td>
<td>2303000</td>
<td>2103685</td>
<td>2503000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2573057</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2005000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Fresh Dom. Consumption</strong></td>
<td>1977500</td>
<td>2178000</td>
<td>1976985</td>
<td>2353000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2409057</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1880000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Exports, Fresh</strong></td>
<td>21100</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>21700</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>35500</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>25000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>For Processing</strong></td>
<td>105000</td>
<td>110000</td>
<td>105000</td>
<td>125000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>128500</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Withdrawal From Market</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total Distribution</strong></td>
<td>2103600</td>
<td>2303000</td>
<td>2103685</td>
<td>2503000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2573057</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2005000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Apple production in MY 2006 will be significantly lower, about 20
percent, than MY 2005 levels due to unfavorable weather conditions
during the growing season in major growing areas. Late frosts in spring
and very hot and dry weather in summer reduced the yields. Karaman
Province, which is one of the major apple growing provinces and is
located in South Central Anatolia, had the lowest yields, by a reduction
of about 50 -- 60 percent. Isparta Province located in the North
Mediterranean Region and Nigde Province in the Central Anatolia Region
were other provinces whose apple yields were also adversely affected
from the unfavorable weather conditions.

Production in MY 2005 and tree numbers in MY 2004 and MY 2005 were all
revised slightly according to the Turkish Statistical Corporation (TUIK)
\[formerly known as State Institute of Statistics (SIS)\] data.

## Pears

Turkey grows many different varieties of pears, which are harvested and
marketed in both summer and winter. The most common varieties, however,
are Santa Maria, Cassia, Williams, Ankara, and Deveci. Similar to
apples, pears are also grown throughout the country, but more are
concentrated in the Southern Marmara, Northern Mediterranean, and
Central Anatolia Regions, including Bursa, Yalova, Antalya, Ankara,
Konya, and Burdur Provinces.

MY 2006 production is expected to be lower, similar to apples, due to
unfavorable weather conditions during the growing season. Production in
MY 2005 and fruit bearing and nonbearing tree numbers in MY 2004 and MY
2005 were all revised slightly according to the TUIK data.

## 

### PS&D Table for Fresh Pears

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><p>Turkey</p>
<p>Pears, Fresh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
<td><strong>Revised</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2005</strong></td>
<td><strong>Estimate</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2006</strong></td>
<td><strong>Forecast</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>UOM</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Market Year Begin</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2004</td>
<td>07/2004</td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2005</td>
<td>07/2005</td>
<td></td>
<td>07/2006</td>
<td>07/2006</td>
<td>MM/YYYY</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Area Planted</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Area Harvested</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Bearing Trees</strong></td>
<td>10500</td>
<td>10500</td>
<td>10420</td>
<td>10450</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>10400</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>10400</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Non-Bearing Trees</strong></td>
<td>1850</td>
<td>2000</td>
<td>1760</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1740</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1700</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total Trees</strong></td>
<td>12350</td>
<td>12500</td>
<td>12180</td>
<td>12250</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>12140</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>12100</td>
<td>1000 TREES</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Commercial Production</strong></td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>330000</td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>350000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>360000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Non-Comm. Production</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Production</strong></td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>330000</td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>350000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>360000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>320000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Imports</strong></td>
<td>160</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>218</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>318</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Total Supply</strong></td>
<td>320160</td>
<td>330250</td>
<td>320218</td>
<td>350200</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>360318</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>320500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Fresh Dom. Consumption</strong></td>
<td>302060</td>
<td>300250</td>
<td>301977</td>
<td>324700</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>332952</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>295500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Exports, Fresh</strong></td>
<td>8100</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>8241</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>16866</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>For Processing</strong></td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>15000</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>10500</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>10500</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>10000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Withdrawal From Market</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total Distribution</strong></td>
<td>320160</td>
<td>330250</td>
<td>320218</td>
<td>350200</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>360318</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>320500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Grapes

Similar to other deciduous fruits, Turkey grows many different varieties
of grapes throughout the country. Grapes are a very important commercial
crop for Turkey. This report, however, provides data only for fresh
table grapes. Almost every local region has its own variety. Sultana
grapes, which are used primarily to produce raisins, are also being
consumed as fresh table grapes (now estimated to be about 20 or 25
percent of total sultana production). In recent years, the production of
higher quality table grapes through the use of improved production
techniques in orchards has been increasing.

The only area data available is total orchard area and total grape
production. The area covered specifically by table grapes orchards and
production data on fresh table grapes are not available in Turkey. Some
unpublished TUIK data, however, provides some provisional statistics on
table grape production. Table grape production is assumed to be about
one half of the total grape production per industry sources.

Total grape production is estimated to be slightly lower in most regions
in MY 2006 due to lower yields as a result of unfavorable weather
conditions during the growing season. Orchard area and production in MY
2004 and MY 2005 all were revised according to the official TUIK data.

### PS&D Table for Fresh Table Grapes

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><p>Turkey</p>
<p>Grapes, Table, Fresh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
<td><strong>Revised</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2005</strong></td>
<td><strong>Estimate</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>2006</strong></td>
<td><strong>Forecast</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>UOM</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td><strong>USDA<br />
Official</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate</strong></td>
<td><strong>Post<br />
Estimate<br />
New</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Market Year Begin</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>01/2005</td>
<td>01/2005</td>
<td></td>
<td>01/2006</td>
<td>01/2006</td>
<td></td>
<td>01/2007</td>
<td>01/2007</td>
<td>MM/YYYY</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Area Planted</strong></td>
<td>265000</td>
<td>260000</td>
<td>260000</td>
<td>270000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>258000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>258000</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Area Harvested</strong></td>
<td>265000</td>
<td>260000</td>
<td>260000</td>
<td>270000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>258000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>258000</td>
<td>HA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Commercial Production</strong></td>
<td>1800000</td>
<td>1750000</td>
<td>1900000</td>
<td>1800000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1900000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Non-Comm. Production</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Production</strong></td>
<td>1800000</td>
<td>1750000</td>
<td>1900000</td>
<td>1800000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1900000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Imports</strong></td>
<td>150</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>162</td>
<td>150</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>328</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total Supply</strong></td>
<td>1800150</td>
<td>1750100</td>
<td>1900162</td>
<td>1800150</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000328</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1900500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fresh Dom. Consumption</strong></td>
<td>1640150</td>
<td>1562600</td>
<td>1744559</td>
<td>1640150</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1850328</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1750500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Exports, Fresh</strong></td>
<td>160000</td>
<td>100000</td>
<td>155603</td>
<td>160000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>150000</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>150000</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>For Processing</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>87500</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Withdrawal From Market</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Total Distribution</strong></td>
<td>1800150</td>
<td>1750100</td>
<td>1900162</td>
<td>1800150</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2000328</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1900500</td>
<td>MT</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# Consumption

## Apples

Turkey consumes about 90 percent of apple production as fresh. It
processes about five percent for juice, canned products, vinegar or
dried, and exports about one or two percent. The remainder is losses,
which is added into domestic consumption. The apple harvest starts in
early September and prices vary a lot due to the supply and location.
Temperature fluctuations between day and night during the summer were
extremely high in some areas, especially in parts of Nigde Province,
which delayed the harvest in those regions by a couple of weeks. Newly
harvested apples have recently begun to enter the market.

Apple prices currently are between YTL 1.25 (about USD 0.80) per
kilogram and YTL 2.50 (about USD 1.60) per kilogram depending upon the
quality and location in the weekly open markets and local grocery stores
in Ankara. Prices ranged from YTL 1.00 (or about USD 0.75) per kilogram
to YTL 2.00 (or about USD 1.50) per kilogram a year ago. These prices
are expected to get higher around the New Year because the cost of
keeping apples in cold storage will be added. All apples sold in early
autumn are marketed directly from orchards.

Turkish people prefer medium-sized apples weighing approximately one
kilo for 6 pieces. Turkish people usually prefer Red Delicious at the
beginning of the season, but have a preference for Golden Delicious
after the New Year. This is because Red Delicious apples become softer
in a few months after they are harvested unless they are kept in the
cold stores properly. Cold storage facilities, however, allow apples to
be marketed during most parts of the year. Amasya apples can be marketed
longer without being stored in the cold storage facilities. Per capita
apple consumption is very high and is estimated at approximately 30
kilograms/year depending upon the overall supply.

## Pears

Turkey also consumes about 90 percent of pears as fresh. It processes
about two to three percent, primarily for canning, three to five percent
is exported and the remainder is losses, which is added in to the
domestic consumption.

Pear prices are currently around YTL 2.00 (about USD 1.30) per kilogram
and YTL 4.00 (about USD 2.60) per kilogram depending upon the quality
and location of the weekly open markets or grocery stores. These prices
are about twice as much as last year's prices, which ranged from YTL
1.00 (or about USD 0.75) per kilogram and YTL 2.00 (or about USD 1.50).
Per capita pear consumption is estimated about 4 or 5 kilograms
primarily depending upon the supply.

## Grapes

The majority of grapes grown in Turkey are consumed fresh. Industry
sources estimate that about one half of Turkey's grape production is
consumed as fresh table grapes, about 35 percent is dried (including
seedless sultana primarily for export markets and all other grapes), and
about 15 percent is processed, primarily for wine production which is
growing rapidly in recent years (about 10 to 12 percent annually).
Grapes are also processed for producing raki (a locally-consumed
distilled alcoholic drink), juice, and vinegar in much smaller
quantities. Of the one half which is consumed as table grapes, about 85
to 90 percent is consumed domestically as fresh, about 8 - 10 percent is
exported and the remainder is estimated as losses, which is added in to
the domestic consumption.

Currently, retail fresh table grape prices vary from YTL 1.00 (about USD
0.65) per kilogram to YTL 4.00 (about USD 2.60) per kilogram depending
upon the variety and location of the weekly open markets or grocery
stores in Ankara. These prices ranged from YTL 1.00 (about USD 0.75) per
kilogram to YTL 2.00 (about USD 1.50) per kilogram a year ago.

## 

# Trade

Turkey exports only a small amount of its deciduous fruit production,
even though Europe, Russia, and Middle East are significant markets.
This may be attributed to the cost of production, insufficient
standardization of the fruits, and shortage of the varieties desired by
importing countries. Iraq has become the leading market for apples while
Saudi Arabia is the leading market for pears. Russia is the primary
market for fresh table grapes. Total revenues from apple exports were
about USD 9.4 million in MY 2004 and about USD 14.9 million in MY 2005.
Similarly in recent years, Turkey made revenues about USD 6.8 million
and about USD 10.2 million of pear exports, respectively. Revenues from
fresh table grape exports were totaled about USD 91.4 million in 2005.
Exports of fresh table grapes in 2006 have just started.

Turkey imports minimal quantities of deciduous fruits primarily during
the off-season. Turkey imports fresh apples, pears and table grapes
primarily from Chile during the off-season.

### Export Trade Matrix for Fresh Apples

+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Turkey          |                |                 |                |
|                 |                |                 |                |
| Apples, Fresh   |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Time Period     | July - June    | Units:          | Metric Tons    |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Exports for:    | 2004           |                 | **2005**       |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| U.S.            |                | U.S.            |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Others          |                | Others          |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Iraq            | 6945           | Iraq            | 12862          |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Saudi Arabia    | 6906           | Saudi Arabia    | 7407           |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Egypt           | 2592           | Jordan          | 4991           |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Northern Cyprus | 2367           | Egypt           | 3469           |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Romania         | 610            | Northern Cyprus | 2034           |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Jordan          | 526            | Russia          | 751            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Russia          | 307            | Kuwait          | 341            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| United Arab Em. | 219            | Libya           | 308            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Kuwait          | 185            | Sudan           | 193            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Oman            | 122            | Ukraine         | 158            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Total for       | 20779          |                 | 32514          |
| Others          |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Others not      | 898            |                 | 2920           |
| Listed          |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Grand Total     | 21677          |                 | 35434          |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+

### 

### Import Trade Matrix for Fresh Apples

# 

+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Turkey            |                |                |                |
|                   |                |                |                |
| Apples, Fresh     |                |                |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Time Period       | July - June    | Units:         | Metric Tons    |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Imports for:      | 2004           |                | **2005**       |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| U.S.              | 57             | U.S.           | 19             |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Others            |                | Others         |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Chile             | 2267           | Chile          | 1860           |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Italy             | 743            | Italy          | 756            |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| France            | 252            | France         | 291            |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Argentina         | 166            | China          | 40             |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| South Africa      | 54             | South Africa   | 38             |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Northern Cyprus   | 44             | Greece         | 31             |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| China             | 40             | Jordan         | 22             |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Greece            | 39             |                |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Netherlands       | 19             |                |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Saudi Arabia      | 4              |                |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Total for Others  | 3628           |                | 3038           |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Others not Listed |                |                |                |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Grand Total       | 3685           |                | 3057           |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

### Export Trade Matrix Fresh Pears

+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Turkey            |              |                   |              |
|                   |              |                   |              |
| Pears, Fresh      |              |                   |              |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Time Period       | July - June  | Units:            | Metric Tons  |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Exports for:      | 2004         |                   | **2005**     |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| U.S.              |              | U.S.              |              |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Others            |              | Others            |              |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Saudi Arabia      | 1882         | Saudi Arabia      | 4164         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Germany           | 1687         | Romania           | 3143         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Romania           | 786          | Germany           | 2920         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Netherlands       | 780          | Netherlands       | 1280         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Northern Cyprus   | 674          | Northern Cyprus   | 1085         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Greece            | 500          | Russia            | 764          |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Russia            | 346          | Serbia-BlackM.    | 558          |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Macedonia         | 344          | Albania           | 409          |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Austria           | 198          | Austria           | 357          |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| United Kingdom    | 174          | Greece            | 351          |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Total for Others  | 7371         |                   | 15031        |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Others not Listed | 870          |                   | 1835         |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+
| Grand Total       | 8241         |                   | 16866        |
+-------------------+--------------+-------------------+--------------+

### Import Trade Matrix Fresh Pears

+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Turkey          |                |                 |                |
|                 |                |                 |                |
| Pears, Fresh    |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Time Period     | July -- June   | Units:          | Metric Tons    |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Imports for:    | 2004           |                 | **2005**       |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| U.S.            | 60             | U.S.            |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Others          |                | Others          |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Argentina       | 68             | Chile           | 266            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| South Africa    | 42             | Israel          | 32             |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Chile           | 30             | South Africa    | 14             |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Israel          | 16             | Argentina       | 6              |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Saudi Arabia    | 2              |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
|                 |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Total for       | 158            |                 | 318            |
| Others          |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Others not      |                |                 |                |
| Listed          |                |                 |                |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Grand Total     | 218            |                 | 318            |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------+

### 

### Export Trade Matrix Fresh Table Grapes

+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Turkey              |               |                |               |
|                     |               |                |               |
| Grapes, Table,      |               |                |               |
| Fresh               |               |                |               |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Time Period         | Jan. - Dec.   | Units:         | Metric Tons   |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Exports for:        | 2004          | January-May    | **2005**      |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| U.S.                |               | U.S.           |               |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Others              |               | Others         |               |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Russia              | 72337         | Russia         | 1070          |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Germany             | 23306         | Romania        | 306           |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Saudi Arabia        | 10664         | Ukraine        | 61            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Austria             | 10049         | Saudi Arabia   | 45            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Ukraine             | 9019          | Poland         | 37            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Romania             | 8167          | Latvia         | 36            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Netherlands         | 7327          | Albania        | 29            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Belarus             | 4258          | Lithuania      | 18            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Poland              | 2959          | Bulgaria       | 12            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Latvia              | 1707          | Serbia-BlackM. | 5             |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Total for Others    | 149793        |                | 1619          |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed   | 5810          |                | 15            |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| Grand Total         | 155603        |                | 1634          |
+---------------------+---------------+----------------+---------------+

### Import Trade Matrix Fresh Table Grapes

+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Turkey           |                |                |                |
|                  |                |                |                |
| Grapes, Table,   |                |                |                |
| Fresh            |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Time Period      | Jan. - Dec.    | Units:         | Metric Tons    |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Imports for:     | 2004           | Jan. - May     | **2005**       |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| U.S.             |                | U.S.           |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Others           |                | Others         |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Chile            | 85             | Chile          | 194            |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Russia           | 38             | South Africa   | 122            |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| South Africa     | 36             | Namibia        | 12             |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Argentina        | 3              |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Total for Others | 162            |                | 328            |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Others not       |                |                |                |
| Listed           |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Grand Total      | 162            |                | 328            |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

# Stocks

Almost all apples, pears, and grapes are stored in climate-controlled
storage facilities and sold throughout the year.

# Policy

The government has not provided any price support for apples, pears or
table grapes in recent years.

The duties, which were announced on January 1, 2004, for imports of
fresh apples, pears, and table grapes have not been changed since then.

### Table 1: Import Duties for Fresh Apples, Pears, and Table Grapes

+-------------------+-------------------------+------+----------------+
| **Product**       | **Tariff Code**         | #### | **Affective    |
|                   |                         | ###  | Date**         |
|                   |                         | Duty |                |
+-------------------+-------------------------+------+----------------+
| Fresh Apples      | 0808.10                 | 60.3 | January 1,     |
|                   |                         |      | 2004           |
+-------------------+-------------------------+------+----------------+
| Fresh Pears       | 0808.20.10 & 0808.20.50 | 60.3 | January 1,     |
|                   |                         |      | 2004           |
+-------------------+-------------------------+------+----------------+
| Fresh Table       | 0806.10                 | 54.9 | January 1,     |
| Grapes            |                         |      | 2004           |
+-------------------+-------------------------+------+----------------+

# Marketing

Fresh deciduous fruits are sold domestically or exported through private
traders and specialized marketing cooperatives.