Appendix C

**General Tables of Units of Measurement**

These tables have been prepared for the benefit of those requiring
tables of units for occasional ready reference.  In Section 4 of this
Appendix, the tables are carried out to a large number of decimal places
and exact values are indi­cated by underlining.  In most of the other
tables, only a limited number of decimal places are given, therefore
making the tables better adopted to the average user.

1.  TABLES OF METRIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

In the metric system of measurement, designations of multiples and
sub­divisions of any unit may be arrived at by combining with the name of
the unit the prefixes [deka]{.underline}, [hecto]{.underline}, and
[kilo]{.underline} meaning, respectively, 10, 100, and 1 000, and
[deci]{.underline}, [centi]{.underline}, and [milli]{.underline},
meaning, respectively, one‑tenth, one‑hundredth, and one-­ thousandth. In
some of the following metric tables, some such multiples and
sub­divisions have not been included for the reason that these have
little, if any currency in actual usage.

In certain cases, particularly in scientific usage, it becomes
convenient to provide for multiples larger than 1 000 and for
subdivisions smaller than one‑thousandth.  Accordingly, the following
prefixes have been introduced and these are now generally recognized:

yotta, (Y) meaning 10^24^ deci, (d), meaning 10^-1^

zetta, (Z), meaning 10^21^ centi, (c), mean­ing 10^‑2^

exa, (E), meaning 10^18^ milli, (m), meaning 10^-3^

peta, (P), meaning 10^15^ micro, (µ), meaning 10^-6^

tera, (T), meaning 10^12^ nano, (n), meaning 10^‑9^

giga, (G), meaning 10^9^ pico, (p), meaning 10^-12^

mega, (M), meaning 10^6^ femto, (f), meaning 10^‑15^

kilo, (k), meaning 10^3^ atto, (a), meaning 10^‑18^

hecto, (h), meaning 10^2^ zepto, (z), meaning 10^‑21^

deka, (da), meaning 10^1^ yocto, (y), meaning 10^‑24^

Thus a kilometer is 1000 meters and a millimeter is 0.001 meter.

# Units of Length

10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)

10 centimeters = 1 decimeter (dm) = 100 millimeters

10 decimeters = 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters

10 meters = 1 dekameter (dam)

10 dekameters = 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 meters

10 hectometers = 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters­

Units of Area

100 square millimeters (mm^2^) = 1 square cen­timeter (cm^2^)

100 square centimeters = 1 square decimeter (dm^2^)

100 square decimeters = 1 square meter (m^2^)

100 square meters = 1 square dekameter (dam^2^) = 1 are

100 square dekameters = 1 square hectometer (hm^2^) = 1 hectare (ha)

100 square hectometers = 1 square kilometer (km^2^)

# Units of Liquid Volume

10 milliliters (mL) = 1 centiliter (cL)

10 centiliters = 1 deciliter (dL) = 100 milliliters

10 deciliters = 1 liter[^1] = 1000 milliliters

10 liters = 1 dekaliter (daL)

10 dekaliters = 1 hectoliter (hL) = 100 liters

10 hectoliters = 1 kiloliter (kL) = 1000 liters

# Units of Volume

1000 cubic millimeters (mm^3^) = 1 cubic centimeter (cm^3^)

1000 cubic centimeters = 1 cubic decimeter (dm^3^)

= 1 000 000 cubic millimeters

1000 cubic decimeters = 1 cubic meter (m^3^)

= 1 000 000 cubic centimeters

= 1 000 000 000 cubic mil­limeters

# Units of Mass

10 milligrams (mg) = 1 centigram (cg)

10 centigrams = 1 decigram (dg) = 100 milligrams

10 decigrams = 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams

10 grams = 1 dekagram (dag)

10 dekagrams = 1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams

10 hectograms = 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams

1000 kilograms = 1 megagram (Mg) or 1 metric ton(t)

2\. TABLES OF U.S. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT[^2]

In these tables where [foot]{.underline} or [mile]{.underline} is
underlined, it is survey foot or U.S. statute mile rather than
international foot or mile that is meant.

# Units of Length

12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft)

3 feet = 1 yard (yd)

16‑1/2 [feet]{.underline} = 1 rod (rd), pole, or perch

40 rods = 1 furlong (fur) = 660 [feet]{.underline}

8 furlongs = 1 U.S. statute mile (mi) = 5280 [feet]{.underline}

1852 meters = 6076.115 49 feet (approximately)

= 1 international nautical mile

Units of Area[^3]

144 square inches (in^2^) = 1 square foot (ft^2^)

9 square feet = 1 square yard (yd^2^)

= 1296 square inches

272‑1/4 square [feet]{.underline} = 1 square rod (sq rd)

160 square rods = 1 acre = 43 560 square [feet]{.underline}

640 acres = 1 square [mile]{.underline} (mi^2^)

1 [mile]{.underline} square = 1 section of land

6 [miles]{.underline} square = 1 township

= 36 sections = 36 square [miles]{.underline}

Units of Volume^3^

1728 cubic inches (in^3^) = 1 cubic foot (ft^3^)

27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard (yd^3^)

# Gunter\'s or Surveyors Chain Units of Measurement

0.66 [foot]{.underline} (ft) = 1 link (li)

100 links = 1 chain (ch)

= 4 rods = 66 [feet]{.underline}

80 chains = 1 U.S. statute mile (mi)

= 320 rods = 5280 [feet]{.underline}

Units of Liquid Volume[^4]

4 gills (gi) = 1 pint (pt)= 28.875 cubic inches

2 pints = 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic inches

4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic inches

= 8 pints = 32 gills

# Apothecaries Units of Liquid Volume

60 minims = 1 fluid dram (fl dr or ʒ)

= 0.225 6 cubic inch )

8 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounce (fl oz or ℥)

= 1.804 7 cubic inches

16 fluid ounces = 1 pint (pt)

= 28.875 cubic inches

= 128 fluid drams

2 pints = 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic inches

= 32 fluid ounces = 256 fluid drams

4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic inches

= 128 fluid ounces = 1024 fluid drams

Units of Dry Volume[^5]

2 pints (pt) = 1 quart (qt) = 67.200 6 cubic inches

8 quarts = 1 peck (pk) = 537.605 cubic inches

= 16 pints

4 pecks = 1 bushel (bu) = 2150.42 cubic inches

= 32 quarts

Avoirdupois Units of Mass[^6]

\[The \"grain\" (gr) is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries
units of mass.\]

27‑11/32 grains = 1 dram (dr)

16 drams = 1 ounce (oz)

= 437‑1/2 grains

16 ounces = 1 pound (lb)

= 256 drams

= 7000 grains

100 pounds = 1 hundredweight (cwt)[^7]

20 hundredweights = 1 ton

= 2000 pounds^7^

In \"gross\" or \"long\" measure, the following values are recognized:

112 pounds = 1 gross or long hundredweight ^7^

20 gross or long hundredweights = 1 gross or long ton

= 2240 pounds^7^

# 

# Troy Units of Mass

\[The \"grain\" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries units
of mass.\]

24 grains = 1 pennyweight (dwt)

20 pennyweights = 1 ounce troy (oz t)= 480 grains

12 ounces troy = 1 pound troy (lb t)

= 240 pen­nyweights = 5760 grains

# 

# Apothecaries Units of Mass

\[The \"grain\" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries units
of mass.\]

20 grains = 1 scruple (s ap or ℈ )

> 3 scruples = 1 dram apothe­caries (dr ap or ʒ)

= 60 grains

8 drams apothecaries = 1 ounce apothecaries (oz ap or ℥)

= 24 scruples = 480 grains

12 ounces apothecaries = 1 pound apothecaries (lb ap)

= 96 drams apothecaries

= 288 scruples = 5760 grains

3.  NOTES ON BRITISH UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

In Great Britain, the yard, the avoirdupois pound, the troy pound, and
the apothecaries pound are identical with the units of the same names
used in the United States.  The tables of British linear measure, troy
mass, and apothecaries mass are the same as the corresponding United
States tables, except for the British spelling \"drachm\" in the table
of apothecaries mass. The table of British avoirdupois mass is the same
as the United States table up to 1 pound; above that point the table
reads:

14 pounds = 1 stone

2 stones = 1 quarter = 28 pounds

4 quarters = 1 hundredweight = 112 pounds

20 hundredweight = 1 ton = 2240 pounds

The present British gallon and bushel\--known as the \"Imperial gallon\"
and \"Im­perial bushel\"\--are, respectively, about 20 percent and 3
percent larger than the United States gallon and bushel.  The Imperial
gallon is defined as the volume of 10 avoirdupois pounds of water under
specified conditions, and the Imperial bushel is defined as 8 Imperial
gallons.  Also, the subdivision of the Imperial gallon as presented in
the table of British apothecaries fluid measure differs in two important
respects from the corresponding United States subdivision, in that the
Imperial gallon is divided into 160 fluid ounces (whereas the United
States gallon is divided into 128 fluid ounces), and a \"fluid scruple\"
is included. The full table of British measures of capacity (which are
used alike for liquid and for dry commodities) is as follows:

4 gills = 1 pint

2 pints = 1 quart

4 quarts = 1 gallon

2 gallons = 1 peck

8 gallons (4 pecks) = 1 bushel

8 bushels = 1 quarter

The full table of British apothecaries measure is as follows:

20 minims = 1 fluid scruple

3 fluid scruples = 1 fluid drachm

= 60 minims

8 fluid drachms = 1 fluid ounce

20 fluid ounces = 1 pint

8 pints = 1 gallon (160 fluid ounces)

4\. TABLES OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

(all underlined figures are exact)

Units of Length - International Measure[^8]

  ------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- --------------------- ------------------------
  Units        Inches             Feet               Yards              Miles             Centimeters           Meters

  1 inch =     [1]{.underline}    0.083 333 33       0.027 777 78       0.000 015 782 83  [2.54]{.underline}    [0.025 4]{.underline}

  1 foot =     12                 1                  0.333 333 3        0.000 189 393 9   [30.48]{.underline}   [0.304 8]{.underline}

  1 yard =     36                 3                  1                  0.000 568 181 8   [91.44]{.underline}   [0.914 4]{.underline}

  1 mile =     [63                [5                 [1                 [1]{.underline}   [160                  [1609.344]{.underline}
               360]{.underline}   280]{.underline}   760]{.underline}                     934.4]{.underline}    

  1 centimeter 0.393 700 8        0.032 808 40       0.010 936 13       0.000 006 213 712 [1]{.underline}       [0.01]{.underline}
  =                                                                                                             

  1 meter =    39.370 08          3.280 840          1.093 613          0.000 621 371 2   [100]{.underline}     [1]{.underline}
  ------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- --------------------- ------------------------

Units of Length - Survey Measure^8^

  -------- ------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------- -----------------
  Units    Links               Feet                 Rods                 Chains               Miles                  Meters

  1 link = [1]{.underline}     [0.66]{.underline}   [0.04]{.underline}   [0.01]{.underline}   [0.000                 0.201 168 4
                                                                                              125]{.underline}       

  1 foot = 1.515 152           [1]{.underline}      0.060 606 06         0.015 151 52         0.000 189 393 9        0.304 800 6

  1 rod =  [25]{.underline}    [16.5]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}      [0.25]{.underline}   [0.003                 5.029 210
                                                                                              125]{.underline}       

  1 chain  [100]{.underline}   [66]{.underline}     [4]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}      [0.0125]{.underline}   20.116 84
  =                                                                                                                  

  1 mile = [8 000]{.underline} [5 280]{.underline}  [320]{.underline}    [80]{.underline}     [1]{.underline}        1609.347

  1 meter  4.970 960           3.280 833            0.198 838 4          0.049 709 60         0.000 621 369 9        [1]{.underline}
  =                                                                                                                  
  -------- ------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------- -----------------

Units of Area - International Measure[^9]

(all underlined figures are exact)

  ----------------- -------------------- ------------------ ------------------
  Units             Square Inches        Square Feet        Square Yards

  1 square inch =   [1]{.underline}      0.006 944 444      0.000 771 604 9

  1 square foot =   [144]{.underline}    [1]{.underline}    0.111 111 1

  1 square yard =   [1296]{.underline}   [9]{.underline}    [1]{.underline}

  1 square mile =   [4 014 489           [27 878            [3 097
                    600]{.underline}     400]{.underline}   600]{.underline}

  1 square          0.155 000 3          0.001 076 391      0.000 119 599 0
  centimeter =                                              

  1 square meter =  1550.003             10.763 91          1.195 990
  ----------------- -------------------- ------------------ ------------------

  ----------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ----------------------
  Units             Square Miles            Square Centimeters    Square Meters

  1 square inch =   0.000 000 000 249 097 7 [6.451 6]{.underline} [0.000 645
                                                                  16]{.underline}

  1 square foot =   0.000 000 035 870 06    [929.030              [0.092 903
                                            4]{.underline}        04]{.underline}

  1 square yard =   0.000 000 322 830 6     [8361.273             [0.836 127
                                            6]{.underline}        36]{.underline}

  1 square mile =   [1]{.underline}         [25 899 881           [2 589 988.110
                                            103.36]{.underline}   336]{.underline}

  1 square          0.000 000 000 038 610   [1]{.underline}       [0.0001]{.underline}
  centimeter =      22                                            

  1 square meter =  0.000 000 386 102 2     [10 000]{.underline}  [1]{.underline}
  ----------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ----------------------

Units of Area - Survey Measure^9^

  -------------- ---------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------------------
  Units          Square Feet            Square Rods         Square Chains        Acres

  1 square foot  [1]{.underline}        0.003 673 095       0.000 229 568 4      0.000 022 956 84
  =                                                                              

  1 square rod = [272.25]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}     [0.062               [0.006
                                                            5]{.underline}       25]{.underline}

  1 square chain [4356]{.underline}     [16]{.underline}    [1]{.underline}      [0.1]{.underline}
  =                                                                              

  1 acre =       [43 560]{.underline}   [160]{.underline}   [10]{.underline}     [1]{.underline}

  1 square mile  [27 878                [102                [6400]{.underline}   [640]{.underline}
  =              400]{.underline}       400]{.underline}                         

  1 square meter 10.763 87              0.039 536 70        0.002 471 044        0.000 247 104 4
  =                                                                              

  1 hectare =    107 638.7              395.367 0           24.710 44            2.471 044
  -------------- ---------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------------------

  ------------------ --------------------- ------------------ -----------------
  Units              Square Miles          Square Meters      Hectares

  1 square foot =    0.000 000 035 870 06  0.092 903 41       0.000 009 290 341

  1 square rod =     [0.000 009 765        25.292 95          0.002 529 295
                     625]{.underline}                         

  1 square chain =   [0.000 156            404.687 3          0.040 468 73
                     25]{.underline}                          

  1 acre =           [0.001 562            4 046.873          0.404 687 3
                     5]{.underline}                           

  1 square mile =    [1]{.underline}       2 589 998          258.999 8

  1 square meter =   0.000 000 386 100 6   [1]{.underline}    [0.000
                                                              1]{.underline}

  1 hectare =        0.003 861 006         [10                [1]{.underline}
                                           000]{.underline}   
  ------------------ --------------------- ------------------ -----------------

Units of Volume

(all underlined figures are exact)

  ----------------- -------------------- ------------------ -----------------
  Units             Cubic Inches         Cubic Feet         Cubic Yards

  1 cubic inch =    [1]{.underline}      0.000 578 703 7    0.000 021 433 47

  1 cubic foot =    [1728]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}    0.037 037 04

  1 cubic yard =    [46 656]{.underline} [27]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}

  1 cubic           0.061 023 74         0.000 035 314 67   0.000 001 307 951
  centimeter =                                              

  1 cubic decimeter 61.023 74            0.035 314 67       0.001 307 951
  =                                                         

  1 cubic meter =   61 023.74            35.314 67          1.307 951
  ----------------- -------------------- ------------------ -----------------

+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Units           | Milliliters     | Liters          | Cubic Meters    |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|                 | (Cubic          | (Cubic          |                 |
|                 | Centimeters)    | Decimeters)     |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic inch =  | [16.387         | [0.016 387      | [0.000 016 387  |
|                 | 0               | 0               | 0               |
|                 | 64]{.underline} | 64]{.underline} | 64]{.underline} |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic foot =  | [28 316.846     | [28.316 846     | [0.028 316 846  |
|                 | 5               | 5               | 5               |
|                 | 92]{.underline} | 92]{.underline} | 92]{.underline} |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic yard =  | [764 554.857    | [764.554 857    | [0.764 554 857  |
|                 | 9               | 9               | 9               |
|                 | 84]{.underline} | 84]{.underline} | 84]{.underline} |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic         | [1]{.underline} | [0.0            | [0.000          |
| centimeter =    |                 | 01]{.underline} | 0               |
|                 |                 |                 | 01]{.underline} |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic         | [10             | [1]{.underline} | [0.0            |
| decimeter =     | 00]{.underline} |                 | 01]{.underline} |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 cubic meter = | [1 000          | [10             | [1]{.underline} |
|                 | 0               | 00]{.underline} |                 |
|                 | 00]{.underline} |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

Units of Capacity or Volume - Dry Volume Measure

  -------------- ------------------ ------------------- --------------------- --------------------
  Units          Dry Pints          Dry Quarts          Pecks                 Bushels

  1 dry pint =   [1]{.underline}    [0.5]{.underline}   [0.062 5]{.underline} [0.015
                                                                              625]{.underline}

  1 dry quart =  [2]{.underline}    [1]{.underline}     [0.125]{.underline}   [0.031
                                                                              25]{.underline}

  1 peck =       [16]{.underline}   [8]{.underline}     [1]{.underline}       [0.25]{.underline}

  1 bushel =     [64]{.underline}   [32]{.underline}    [4]{.underline}       [1]{.underline}

  1 cubic inch = 0.029 761 6        0.014 880 8         0.001 860 10          0.000 465 025

  1 cubic foot = 51.428 09          25.714 05           3.214 256             0.803 563 95

  1 liter =      1.816 166          0.908 083 0         0.113 510 4           0.028 377 59

  1 cubic meter  1 816.166          908.083 0           113.510 4             28.377 59
  =                                                                           
  -------------- ------------------ ------------------- --------------------- --------------------

  -------------- ----------------------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------
  Units          Cubic Inches            Cubic Feet        Liters               Cubic Meters

  1 dry pint =   [33.600 312             0.019 444 63      0.550 610 5          0.000 550 610 5
                 5]{.underline}                                                 

  1 dry quart =  [67.200                 0.038 889 25      1.101 221            0.001 101 221
                 625]{.underline}                                               

  1 peck =       [537.605]{.underline}   0.311 114         8.809 768            0.008 809 768

  1 bushel =     [2 150.42]{.underline}  1.244 456         35.239 07            0.035 239 07

  1 cubic inch = [1]{.underline}         0.000 578 703 7   0.016 387 06         0.000 016 387 06

  1 cubic foot = [1728]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}   28.316 85            0.028 316 85

  1 liter =      61.023 74               0.035 314 67      [1]{.underline}      [0.001]{.underline}

  1 cubic meter  61 023.74               35.314 67         [1000]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}
  =                                                                             
  -------------- ----------------------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------

Units of Capacity or Volume - Liquid Volume Measure

(All underlined figures are exact)

  -------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------
  Units          Minims               Fluid Drams          Fluid Ounces          Gills

  1 minim =      [1]{.underline}      [0.016 666           [0.002 083            [0.000 520 833
                                      67]{.underline}      333]{.underline}      3]{.underline}

  1 fluid dram = [60]{.underline}     [1]{.underline}      [0.125]{.underline}   [0.031
                                                                                 25]{.underline}

  1 fluid ounce  [480]{.underline}    [8]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}       [0.25]{.underline}
  =                                                                              

  1 gill =       [1920]{.underline}   [32]{.underline}     [4]{.underline}       [1]{.underline}

  1 liquid pint  [7680]{.underline}   [128]{.underline}    [16]{.underline}      [4]{.underline}
  =                                                                              

  1 liquid quart [15 360]{.underline} [256]{.underline}    [32]{.underline}      [8]{.underline}
  =                                                                              

  1 gallon =     [61 440]{.underline} [1024]{.underline}   [128]{.underline}     [32]{.underline}

  1 cubic inch = 265.974 0            4.432 900            0.554 112 6           0.138 528 1

  1 cubic foot = 459 603.1            7660.052             957.506 5             239.376 6

  1 milliliter = 16.230 73            0.270 512 2          0.033 814 02          0.008 453 506

  1 liter =      16 230.73            270.512 2            33.814 02             8.453 506
  -------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------

  -------------- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ----------------------
  Units          Liquid Pints         Liquid Quarts         Gallons               Cubic Inches

  1 minim =      0.000 130 208 3      0.000 065 104 17      0.000 016 276 04      0.003 759 766

  1 fluid dram = [0.007 812           [0.003 906            [0.000 976 562        [0.225 585
                 5]{.underline}       25]{.underline}       5]{.underline}        94]{.underline}

  1 fluid ounce  [0.062               [0.031                [0.007 812            [1.804 687
  =              5]{.underline}       25]{.underline}       5]{.underline}        5]{.underline}

  1 gill =       [0.25]{.underline}   [0.125]{.underline}   [0.031                [7.218 75]{.underline}
                                                            25]{.underline}       

  1 liquid pint  [1]{.underline}      [0.5]{.underline}     [0.125]{.underline}   [28.875]{.underline}
  =                                                                               

  1 liquid quart [2]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}       [0.25]{.underline}    [57.75]{.underline}
  =                                                                               

  1 gallon =     [8]{.underline}      [4]{.underline}       [1]{.underline}       [231]{.underline}

  1 cubic inch = 0.034 632 03         0.017 316 02          0.004 329 004         1

  1 cubic foot = 59.844 16            29.922 08             7.480 519             1728

  1 milliliter = 0.002 113 376        0.001 056 688         0.000 264 172 1       0.061 023 74

  1 liter =      2.113 376            1.056 688             0.264 172 1           61.023 74
  -------------- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ----------------------

  ----------------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------
  Units             Cubic Feet        Milliliters          Liters

  1 minim =         0.000 002 175 790 0.061 611 52         0.000 061 611 52

  1 fluid dram =    0.000 130 547 4   3.696 691            0.003 696 691

  1 fluid ounce =   0.001 044 379     29.573 53            0.029 573 53

  1 gill =          0.004 177 517     118.294 1            0.118 294 1

  1 liquid pint =   0.016 710 07      473.176 5            0.473 176 5

  1 liquid quart =  0.033 420 14      946.352 9            0.946 352 9

  1 gallon =        0.133 680 6       3785.412             3.785 412

  1 cubic inch =    0.000 578 703 7   16.387 06            0.016 387 06

  1 cubic foot =    [1]{.underline}   28 316.85            28.316 85

  1 milliliter =    0.000 035 314 67  [1]{.underline}      [0.001]{.underline}

  1 liter =         0.035 314 67      [1000]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}
  ----------------- ----------------- -------------------- ---------------------

Units of Mass Not Less Than Avoirdupois Ounces

(all underlined figures are exact)

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Units       | Avoirdupois | Avoirdupois | Short       | Short tons  |
|             |             |             | Hund        |             |
|             | Ounces      | Pounds      | red-weights |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1           | [1]{        | [0.0625]{   | [0.000      | [0.000 031  |
| avoirdupois | .underline} | .underline} | 625]{       | 25]{        |
| ounce =     |             |             | .underline} | .underline} |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1           | [16]{       | [1]{        | [0.01]{     | [0.000      |
| avoirdupois | .underline} | .underline} | .underline} | 5]{         |
| pound =     |             |             |             | .underline} |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1 short     | [1600]{     | [100]{      | [1]{        | [0.05]{     |
|             | .underline} | .underline} | .underline} | .underline} |
| hu          |             |             |             |             |
| ndredweight |             |             |             |             |
| =           |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1 short ton | [32         | [2000]{     | [20]{       | [1]{        |
| =           | 000]{       | .underline} | .underline} | .underline} |
|             | .underline} |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1 long ton  | [35         | [2240]{     | [22.4]{     | [1.12]{     |
| =           | 840]{       | .underline} | .underline} | .underline} |
|             | .underline} |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1 kilogram  | 35.273 96   | 2.204 623   | 0.022 046   | 0.001 102   |
| =           |             |             | 23          | 311         |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1 metric    | 35 273.96   | 2204.623    | 22.046 23   | 1.102 311   |
| ton =       |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

  ------------------ ------------------ -------------------- ---------------------
  Units              Long Tons          Kilograms            Metric Tons

  1 avoirdupois      0.000 027 901 79   [0.028 349 523       [0.000 028 349 523
  ounce =                               125]{.underline}     125]{.underline}

  1 avoirdupois      0.000 446 428 6    [0.453 592           [0.000 453 592
  pound =                               37]{.underline}      37]{.underline}

  1 short            0.044 642 86       [45.359              [0.045 359
  hundredweight =                       237]{.underline}     237]{.underline}

  1 short ton =      0.892 857 1        [907.184             [0.907 184
                                        74]{.underline}      74]{.underline}

  1 long ton =       [1]{.underline}    [1016.046 908        [1.016 046 908
                                        8]{.underline}       8]{.underline}

  1 kilogram =       0.000 984 206 5    [1]{.underline}      [0.001]{.underline}

  1 metric ton =     0.984 206 5        [1000]{.underline}   [1]{.underline}
  ------------------ ------------------ -------------------- ---------------------

Units of Mass Not Greater Than Pounds and Kilograms

(all underlined figures are exact)

  -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------- -------------------
  Units          Grains                Apothecaries Scruples  Pennyweights        Avoirdupois Drams

  1 grain =      [1]{.underline}       [0.05]{.underline}     0.041 666 67        0.036 571 43

  1 apoth.       [20]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}        0.833 333 3         0.731 428 6
  scruple =                                                                       

  1 pennyweight  [24]{.underline}      [1.2]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}     0.877 714 3
  =                                                                               

  1 avdp. dram = [27.343               [1.367 187             1.139 323           [1]{.underline}
                 75]{.underline}       5]{.underline}                             

  1 apoth. dram  [60]{.underline}      [3]{.underline}        [2.5]{.underline}   2.194 286
  =                                                                               

  1 avdp. ounce  [437.5]{.underline}   [21.875]{.underline}   18.229 17           [16]{.underline}
  =                                                                               

  1 apoth. or    [480]{.underline}     [24]{.underline}       [20]{.underline}    17.554 29
  troy oz. =                                                                      

  1 apoth. or    [5760]{.underline}    [288]{.underline}      [240]{.underline}   210.651 4
  troy pound =                                                                    

  1 avdp. pound  [7000]{.underline}    [350]{.underline}      291.666 7           [256]{.underline}
  =                                                                               

  1 milligram =  0.015 432 36          0.000 771 617 9        0.000 643 014 9     0.000 564 383 4

  1 gram =       15.432 36             0.771 617 9            0.643 014 9         0.564 383 4

  1 kilogram =   15432.36              771.617 9              643.014 9           564.383 4
  -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------- -------------------

  -------------- ------------------- ------------------ --------------------- -----------------
  Units          Apothecaries Drams  Avoirdupois Ounces Apothecaries or Troy  Apothecaries or
                                                        Ounces                Troy Pounds

  1 grain =      0.016 666 67        0.002 285 714      0.002 083 333         0.000 173 611 1

  1 apoth.       0.333 333 3         0.045 714 29       0.041 666 67          0.003 472 222
  scruple =                                                                   

  1 pennyweight  [0.4]{.underline}   0.054 857 14       [0.05]{.underline}    0.004 166 667
  =                                                                           

  1 avdp. dram = 0.455 729 2         [0.062             0.56 966 15           0.004 747 179
                                     5]{.underline}                           

  1 apoth. dram  [1]{.underline}     0.137 142 9        [0.125]{.underline}   0.010 416 67
  =                                                                           

  1 avdp. ounce  7.291 667           [1]{.underline}    0.911 458 3           0.075 954 86
  =                                                                           

  1 apoth. or    [8]{.underline}     1.097 143          [1]{.underline}       0.083 333 333
  troy ounce =                                                                

  1 apoth. or    [96]{.underline}    13.165 71          [12]{.underline}      [1]{.underline}
  troy pound =                                                                

  1 avdp. pound  116.666 7           [16]{.underline}   14.583 33             1.215 278
  =                                                                           

  1 milligram =  0.000 257 206 0     0.000 035 273 96   0.000 032 150 75      0.000 002 679 229

  1 gram =       0.257 206 0         0.035 273 96       0.032 150 75          0.002 679 229

  1 kilogram =   257.206 0           35.273 96          32.150 75             2.679 229
  -------------- ------------------- ------------------ --------------------- -----------------

+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Units     | Av        | Milligrams   | Grams        | Kilograms     |
|           | oirdupois |              |              |               |
|           | Pounds    |              |              |               |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 grain = | 0.000 142 | [64.798      | [0.064 798   | [0.000 064    |
|           | 857 1     | 91]          | 91]          | 798           |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 91            |
|           |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 apoth.  | 0.002 857 | [1295.978    | [1.295 978   | [0.001 295    |
| scruple = | 143       | 2]           | 2]           | 978           |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 2             |
|           |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1         | 0.003 428 | [1555.173    | [1.555 173   | [0.001 555    |
| pe        | 571       | 84]          | 84]          | 173           |
| nnyweight |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 84            |
| =         |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 avdp.   | 0.003 906 | [1771.845    | [1.771 845   | [0.001 771    |
| dram =    | 25        | 195 312      | 195 312      | 845 195 312   |
|           |           | 5]           | 5]           | 5             |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 apoth.  | 0.008 571 | [3887.934    | [3.887 934   | [0.003 887    |
| dram =    | 429       | 6]           | 6]           | 934           |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 6             |
|           |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 avdp.   | [0.062    | [28 349.523  | [28.349 523  | [0.028 349    |
| ounce =   | 5]{.u     | 125]         | 125]         | 523           |
|           | nderline} | {.underline} | {.underline} | 125           |
|           |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 apoth.  | 0.068 571 | [31 103.476  | [31.103 476  | [0.031 103    |
| or troy   | 43        | 8]           | 8]           | 476           |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 8             |
| ounce =   |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 apoth.  | 0.822 857 | [373 241.721 | [373.241 721 | [0.373 241    |
| or troy   | 1         | 6]           | 6]           | 721           |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | 6             |
| pound =   |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 avdp.   | [1]{.u    | [453         | [453.592     | [0.453 592    |
| pound =   | nderline} | 592.37.37]   | 37]          | 37            |
|           |           | {.underline} | {.underline} | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1         | 0.000 002 | [1]          | [0.001]      | [0.000        |
| milligram | 204 623   | {.underline} | {.underline} | 001           |
| =         |           |              |              | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1 gram =  | 0.002 204 | [1000]       | [1]          | [0.001        |
|           | 623       | {.underline} | {.underline} | ]{.underline} |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| 1         | 2.204 623 | [1 000       | [1000]       | [1            |
| kilogram  |           | 000]         | {.underline} | ]{.underline} |
| =         |           | {.underline} |              |               |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------------+

5.  TABLES OF EQUIVALENTS

In these tables it is necessary to differentiate between the
\"international foot\" and the \"survey foot\" the survey foot is
underlined.

When the name of a unit is enclosed in brackets (thus, \[1 hand\] . . .
), this indicates (1) that the unit is not in general current use in the
United States, or (2) that the unit is believed to be based on \"custom
and usage\" rather than on formal authoritative definition.

Equivalents involving decimals are, in most instances, rounded off to
the third decimal place except where they are exact, in which cases
these exact equivalents are so designated.  The equivalents of the
imprecise units \"tablespoon\" and \"teaspoon\" are rounded to the
nearest milliliter.

# 

# UNITS OF LENGTH

0.1 nanometer (exactly).

0.000 1 micrometer (exactly).

angstrom ()[^10]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.000 000
1 millimeter (exactly).

0.000 000 004 inch.

120 fathoms (exactly).

1 cable\'s length\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 720
[feet]{.underline} (exactly).

219 meters.

1 centimeter (cm)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.393 7
inch.

> 1 chain (ch)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 66
> [feet]{.underline} (exactly). 

(Gunter\'s or surveyors) 20.116 8 meters.

1 decimeter (dm)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 3.937
inches.

1 dekameter (dam)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 32.808
feet.

6 [feet]{.underline} (exactly).

1 fathom\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
1.828 8 meters.

1 foot (ft)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.304
8 meter (exactly).

> 10 chains (surveyors) (exactly).

1 furlong (fur)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 660
[feet]{.underline} (exactly).

1/8 U.S. statute mile (exactly).

201.168 meters.

\[1 hand\]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
4 inches.

1 inch (in)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 2.54
centimeters (exa­ctly).

1 kilometer (km)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.621
mile.

1 league (land)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 3 U.S.
statute miles (exactly).

4.828 kilometers.

0.66 [foot]{.underline} (exactly).

1 link (li) (Gunter\'s or surveyors)\-\-\-- 0.201 168 meter.

1 meter (m)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 39.37
inches.

1.094 yards.

1 micrometer\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.001
millimeter (exactly).

0.000 039 37 inch.

0.001 inch (exactly).

1 mil\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
0.025 4 millimeter (exactly).

1 mile (mi) (U.S. statute)[^11] \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 5280
[feet]{.underline} survey (exactly).

1.609 kilometers.

1 mile (mi) (international)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 5280
[feet]{.underline} international (exactly).

1 mile (mi) (international nautical)[^12] 1.852 kilometers (exactly).

1.151 survey miles.

> 1 millimeter (mm)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.039 37
> inch.
>
> 0.001 micrometer (exactly).
>
> 1 nanometer (nm)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.000
> 000 039 37 inch.
>
> 0.013 837 inch (exactly).
>
> 1 Point (typography)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1/72 inch
> (approximate­ly).
>
> 0.351 millimeter.
>
> 1 rod (rd), pole, or perch\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 16 1/2
> [feet]{.underline} (exactly).
>
> 5.029 2 meters.
>
> 1 yard (yd)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 0.914 4 meter (exactly).

# UNITS OF AREA

> 43 560 square feet (exactly).
>
> 1 acre[^13]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 0.405 hectare.
>
> 1 are\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 119.599 square yards. 
>
> 0.025 acre.
>
> 1 hectare\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 2.471
> acres.
>
> \[1 square (building)\]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 100 square feet.
>
> 1 square centimeter (cm^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.155 square inch. 
>
> 1 square decimeter (dm^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 15.500 square
> inches. 
>
> 1 square foot (ft^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 929.030 square
> cen­timeters.
>
> 1 square inch (in^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 6.451 6 square
> cen­timeters (exactly).
>
> 1 square kilometer (km^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 247.104 acres.
>
> 0.386 square mile.
>
> 1 square meter (m^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.196 square
> yards. 
>
> 10.764 square feet.
>
> 1 square mile (mi^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 258.999
> hectares. 
>
> 1 square millimeter (mm^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.002 square inch. 
>
> 1 square rod (rd^2^), sq pole,
>
> or sq perch\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 25.293 square
> meters. 
>
> 1 square yard (yd^2^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.836 square
> meter.

## UNITS OF CAPACITY OR VOLUME

> 1 barrel (bbl), liquid\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 31 to 42
> gallons.[^14]
>
> 1 barrel (bbl), standard for fruits, 7056 cubic inches.
>
> vegetables, and other dry\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 105 dry quarts.
>
> commodities, except cranberries 3.281 bushels, struck measure.
>
> 5 826 cubic inches.
>
> 1 barrel (bbl), standard, cranberry‑‑\-- 86 45/64 dry quarts.
>
> 2.709 bushels, struck measure.
>
> 2150.42 cubic inches (exactly).
>
> 1 bushel (bu) (U.S.) struck measure‑‑\-- 35.238 liters.
>
> 2 747.715 cubic inches.
>
> \[1 bushel, heaped (U.S.)\]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.278 bushels,
> struck measure.[^15]
>
> \[1 bushel (bu) (British Imperial) 1.032 U.S. bushels, struck measure
>
> (struck measure)\]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 2219.36
> cubic inches.
>
> 1 cord (cd) (firewood)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 128 cubic feet
> (exactly).
>
> 1 cubic centimeter (cm^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.061 cubic
> inch.
>
> 1 cubic decimeter (dm^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 61.024 cubic
> inches.
>
> 1 cubic foot (ft^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 7.481
> gallons.
>
> 28.316 cubic decimeters.
>
> 0.554 fluid ounce.
>
> 1 cubic inch (in^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 4.433 fluid drams. 
>
> 16.387 cubic centimeters.
>
> 1 cubic meter (m^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.308
> cubic yards.
>
> 1 cubic yard (yd^3^)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.765
> cubic meter.
>
> 8 fluid ounces (exactly).
>
> 1 cup, measuring\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 237
> milliliters.
>
> 1/2 liquid pint (exactly).
>
> 1 dekaliter (daL)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 2.642
> gallons.
>
> 1.135 pecks.
>
> 1/8 fluid ounce (exactly).
>
> 1 dram, fluid (or liquid) (fl dr 0.226 cubic inch.
>
> or ʒ) (U.S.)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 3.697
> milliliters.
>
> 1.041 British fluid drachms.
>
> 0.961 U.S. fluid dram.
>
> \[1 drachm, fluid (fl dr) (British)\]\-\-\-- 0.217 cubic inch. 
>
> 3.552 milliliters.
>
> 231 cubic inches (exactly).
>
> 3.785 liters.
>
> 1 gallon (gal) (U.S.)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.833 British
> gallon. 
>
> 128 U.S. fluid ounces (exact­ly).
>
> 277.42 cubic inches. 
>
> 1.201 U.S. gallons.
>
> \[1 gallon (gal) (British Imperial)\]\-\-\-- 4.546 liters. 
>
> 160 British fluid ounces (exactly).
>
> 7.219 cubic inches.
>
> 1 gill (gi)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 4
> fluid ounces (exactly). 
>
> 0.118 liter.
>
> 1 hectoliter (hL)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 26.418
> gallons.
>
> 2.838 bushels.
>
> 1.057 liquid quarts.
>
> 1 liter (1 cubic decimeter exactly)\-\-\-- 0.908 dry quart. 
>
> 61.025 cubic inches
>
> 0.271 fluid dram.
>
> 1 milliliter (mL)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 16.231
> minims. 
>
> 0.061 cubic inch.
>
> 1 ounce, fluid (or liquid) (fl oz 1.805 cubic inches.
>
> or ℥)(U.S.)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 29.573
> milliliters.
>
> 1.041 British fluid ounces.­
>
> 0.961 U.S. fluid ounce.
>
> \[1 ounce, fluid (fl oz) (British)\]\-\-\-\-- 1.734 cubic inches. 
>
> 28.412 milliliters.
>
> 1 peck (pk)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 8.810 liters. 
>
> 33.600 cubic inches.
>
> 1 pint (pt), dry\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.551
> liter.
>
> 28.875 cubic inches exactly.
>
> 1 pint (pt), liquid\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.473
> liter.
>
> 67.201 cubic inches.
>
> 1 quart (qt), dry (U.S.)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.101 liters.
>
> 0.969 British quart.
>
> 57.75 cubic inches (exactly).
>
> 1 quart (qt), liquid (U.S.)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.946 liter.
>
> 0.833 British quart.
>
> 69.354 cubic inches.
>
> \[1 quart (qt) (British)\]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.032 U.S. dry
> quarts.
>
> 1.201 U.S. liquid quarts. 
>
> 3 teaspoons (exactly).
>
> 1 tablespoon, measuring\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 15 milliliters.
>
> 4 fluid drams.
>
> 1/2 fluid ounce (exactly).
>
> 1/3 tablespoon (exactly).
>
> 1 teaspoon, measuring\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 5
> milliliters.
>
> 1-1/3 fluid drams.[^16]
>
> 270.91 U.S. gallons.
>
> 1 water ton (English)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 224 British
> Imperial gallons.
>
> (exact­ly).

## UNITS OF MASS

> 1 assay ton[^17] (AT)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 29.167
> grams.
>
> 200 milligrams (exactly).
>
> 1 carat (c)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 3.086 grains.
>
> 1 dram apothecaries (dr ap or ʒ)\-\-\-\-- 60 grains (exactly).
>
> 3.888 grams.
>
> 1 dram avoirdupois (dr avdp)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 27-11/32 (= 27.344)
> grains.
>
> 1.772 grams.
>
> 1 gamma (γ)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1
> microgram (exactly).
>
> 1 grain\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 64.798 91 milligrams (exactly).
>
> 1 gram (g)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 15.432 grains.
>
> 0.035 ounce, avoirdupois.
>
> 1 hundredweight, gross or long[^18] 112 pounds (exactly).
>
> (gross cwt)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 50.802
> kilograms.
>
> 1 hundredweight, gross or short 100 pounds (exactly).
>
> (cwt or net cwt)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 45.359
> kilograms.
>
> 1 kilogram (kg)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 2.205
> pounds.
>
> 1 microgram (µg) \[the Greek letter mu
>
> in combination with the letter g\]\-\-- 0.000 001 gram (exactly).
>
> 1 milligram (mg)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.015
> grain.
>
> 437.5 grains (exactly).
>
> 1 ounce, avoirdupois (oz avdp)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.911 troy or
> apothecaries ounce.
>
> 28.350 grams.
>
> 1 ounce, troy or apothecaries 480 grains (exactly).
>
> (oz t or oz ap or ℥)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.097 avoirdupois
> ounces.
>
> 31.103 grams.
>
> 1 pennyweight (dwt)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.555
> grams.
>
> 1 point\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
> 0.01 carat.
>
> 2 milligrams.
>
> 7000 grains (exactly).
>
> 1 pound, avoirdupois (lb avdp)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.215 troy or
> apothecaries pounds.
>
> 453.592 37 grams (exactly).
>
> 1 pound, troy or apothecaries 5760 grains (exactly).
>
> (lb t or lb ap)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.823
> avoirdupois pound.
>
> 373.242 grams.
>
> 1 scruple (s ap or ℈)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 20 grains
> (exactly).
>
> 1.296 grams.
>
> 2240 pounds (exactly).
>
> 1 ton, gross or long[^19]\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 1.12 net
> tons (exactly).
>
> 1.016 metric tons.
>
> 2204.623 pounds.
>
> 1 ton, metric (t)\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.984
> gross ton.
>
> 1.102 net tons.
>
> 2000 pounds (exactly).
>
> 1 ton, net or short\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- 0.893 gross
> ton.
>
> 0.907 metric ton.

[^1]: By action of the 12th General Conference on Weights and Measures
    (1964) the liter is a special name for the cubic decimeter.

[^2]: This section lists units of measurement that have traditionally
    been used in the United States. In keeping with the Omnibus Trade
    and Competitiveness Act of 1988, the ultimate objective is to make
    the International System of Units the primary measurement system
    used in the United States.

[^3]: Squares and cubes of customary but not of metric units are
    sometimes expressed by the use of abbreviations rather than symbols.
    For example, sq ft means square foot, and cu ft means cubic foot.

[^4]: When necessary to distinguish the [liquid]{.underline} pint or
    quart from the [dry]{.underline} pint or quart, the word \"liquid\"
    or the abbreviation \"liq\" should be used in combination with the
    name or abbreviation of the [liquid]{.underline} unit.

[^5]: When necessary to distinguish [dry]{.underline} pint or quart from
    the [liquid]{.underline} pint or quart, the word \"dry\" should be
    used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the dry unit.

[^6]: ^6^ When necessary to distinguish the [avoirdupois]{.underline}
    dram from the [apothecaries]{.underline} dram, or to distinguish the
    [avoirdupois]{.underline} dram or ounce from the [fluid]{.underline}
    dram or ounce, or to distinguish the avoirdupois ounce or pound from
    the [troy]{.underline} or [apothecaries]{.underline} ounce or pound,
    the word \"avoirdupois\" or the abbreviation \"avdp\" should be used
    in combina­tion with the name or abbreviation of the
    [avoirdupois]{.underline} unit.

[^7]: ^7^ When the terms \"hundredweight\" and \"ton\" are used
    unmodified, they are commonly understood to mean the 100-pound
    hundredweight and the 2000-pound ton, respectively; these units may
    be designated \"net\" or \"short\" when necessary to distinguish
    them from the corresponding units in [gross]{.underline} or
    [long]{.underline} measure.

[^8]: ^8^ One international foot = 0.999 998 survey foot (exactly)

    One international mile = 0.999 998 survey mile (exactly)

    Note: 1 survey foot = 1200/3937 meter (exactly)

    1 international foot = 12 x 0.0254 meter (exactly)

    1 international foot = 0.0254 x 39.37 survey foot (exactly)

[^9]: ^9^ One square survey foot = 1.000 004 square international feet

    One square survey mile = 1.000 004 square international miles

[^10]: The angstrom is basically defined as 10^-10^ meter.

[^11]: The term \"statute mile\" originated with Queen Elizabeth I who
    changed the definition of the mile from the Roman mile of 5000 feet
    to the statute mile of 5280 feet. The international mile and the
    U.S. statute mile differ by about 3 millimeters although both are
    defined as being equal to 5280 feet. The international mile is based
    on the international foot (0.3048 meter) whereas the U.S. statute
    mile is based on the survey foot (1200/3937 meter).

[^12]: The international nautical mile of 1 852 meters (6 076.115
    49\...feet) was adopted effective July 1, 1954, for use in the
    United States. The value formerly used in the United States was 6
    080.20 feet = 1 nautical (geographical or sea) mile.

[^13]: The question is often asked as to the length of a side of an acre
    of ground. An acre is a unit of area containing 43 560 square
    [feet]{.underline}. It is not necessarily square, or even
    rectangular. But, if it is square, then the length of a side is
    equal
    to$\sqrt{\text{43560}\text{ ft}^{2}} = \text{208}\text{.}\text{710}\text{ ft}$
    (not exact).

[^14]: There are a variety of \"barrels\" established by law or usage.
    For example, Federal taxes on fermented liquors are based on a
    barrel of 31 gallons; many State laws fix the \"barrel for liquids\"
    as 31-1/2 gallons; one State fixes a 36-gallon barrel for cistern
    measurement; Federal law recognizes a 40-gallon barrel for \"proof
    spirits\"; by custom, 42 gallons comprise a barrel of crude oil or
    petroleum products for statistical purposes, and this equivalent is
    recognized \"for liquids\" by four States.

[^15]: ^15^ Frequently recognized as 1-1/4 bushels, struck measure.

[^16]: ^16^ The equivalent \"1 teaspoon = 1-1/3 fluid drams\" has been
    found by the Bureau to correspond more closely with the actual
    capacities of \"measuring\" and silver teaspoons than the equivalent
    \"1 teaspoon = 1 fluid dram,\" which is given by a number of
    dictionaries.

[^17]: ^17^ Used in assaying. The assay ton bears the same relation to
    the milligram that a ton of 2000 pounds avoirdupois bears to the
    ounce troy; hence the mass in milligrams of precious metal obtained
    from one assay ton of ore gives directly the number of troy ounces
    to the net ton.

[^18]: ^18^ The gross or long ton and hundredweight are used
    commercially in the United States to only a very limited extent,
    usually in restricted industrial fields. The units are the same as
    the British \"ton\" and \"hundredweight.\"

[^19]: ^19^ The gross or long ton and hundredweight are used
    commercially in the United States to a limited extent only, usually
    in restricted industrial fields. These units are the same as the
    British \"ton\" and \"hundredweight.\"