Forest Stand Improvement

***Vermont Conservation Practice Job Sheet 666***

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="2.933333333333333in"
height="3.1277777777777778in"}

Definition

Forest Stand Improvement is the manipulation of species composition,
stand structure, and stocking by cutting or killing selected trees and
understory vegetation. Generally it may include weeding, releasing, and
thinning of a young (between 5 and 25 years old) forest stand over time.
Thinning can be either pre-commercial or commercial.

Purpose

The purpose of this practice is to increase the quantity and quality of
forest products and reduce the potential of damage from wildfire, pests,
and moisture stress. At the same time, forest stand improvement may also
be used to initiate stand regeneration and restore natural plant
communities, including a desired understory plant community. Other
purposes include improving recreation, aesthetic and open space values,
wildlife habitat, water conservation, yield and harvest forest products,
and renewable energy production at the same time. Crop tree and carbon
storage management are also purposes of this practice.

Where used

This practice is used on forest land where improvement of forest
resources is needed. For example a forest stand that has a severe pest
problem or is overstocked may need forest stand improvement.

Operation and maintenance

Periodic inspections during treatment activities are necessary to ensure
that objectives are achieved and resource damage is minimized. Follow-up
and ongoing management activities will be needed to obtain desired
results.

Considerations

Silvicultural objectives and harvest-regeneration strategies may change
over time and may be limited by prior management. Successful
regeneration of desirable species is usually dependent upon timely
application of forest stand improvement.

Adjust the extent, timing, size of treatment area, or the intensity of
the practice to minimize the cumulative effects (on-site and off-site),
e.g., habitat fragmentation, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and visual
resources. This adjustment is especially true for endangered and
threatened species. Time the practice so it minimally affects seasonal
wildlife activities and retains essential wildlife habitat requirements
such as large dead standing and downed trees. Also consider releasing
apple trees for wildlife.

Comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations
during the installation, operation and maintenance of this practice,
including the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), VT Pesticide
application regulations, and "*Acceptable Management Practices for
Maintaining Water Quality on Logging Jobs in Vermont".*

***[Please Note]{.underline}***: A current Forest Management Plan,
completed by a Registered NRCS Forestry/Agroforestry Technical Service
Provider (TSP) is required for this practice. When implementing this
practice use a Registered NRCS Forestry/Agroforestry TSP for technical
assistance.

Specifications

Site-specific requirements are listed on the specifications sheet.
Inventory information is listed on the Inventory Worksheet. Additional
provisions are entered on the job sketch sheet. Specifications are
prepared in accordance with the VT NRCS Field Office Technical Guide.
See practice standard and supplemental specifications for Forest Stand
Improvement, Code 666 for specific requirements.

**Forest Stand Improvement -- Job Sheet**

If needed, an aerial view of the practice location can be shown below.
Other relevant information, complementary practices and measures, and
additional specifications may be included.

Scale 1\"=\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ft. (NA indicates sketch not to scale: grid
size=1/2\" by 1/2\") ↑N

  ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          
  ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Additional Specifications and Notes:**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs and marital or
familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)
Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for
communication program information (Braille, large print, audiotape,
etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications (202) 720-2791.**

**To file a complaint of discrimination write USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence
Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or
TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.**

**Forest Stand Improvement -- Job Sheet -- Inventory Worksheet**

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *For:*                            | *Farm #:*                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Field(s):*                       | *Tract #:*                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Designed By Reg. #:*             | *Approved By:*                    |
|                                   |                                   |
| *Drawing No(s).:*                 | *Signature: Reg. #:*              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Date:*                           | *Date:*                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| * |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
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| ) |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
| . |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| F | A | Plant Species     | S | Si | Av | B  | Trees    | Avg.    |
| i | c | (common name)     | u | ze | e. | as | per acre | Spac    |
| e |   |                   | i | C  |    | al |          | ing^2^: |
| l |   |                   | t | la | DB | Ar |          |         |
| d |   |                   | . | ss | H^ | ea |          | Ft X Ft |
| / |   |                   | ^ | ^3 | 1^ |    |          |         |
| S |   |                   | 4 | ^: |    |    |          |         |
| t |   |                   | ^ |    |    |    |          |         |
| a |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
| n |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
| d |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| # | # | #                 | # | #  |    |    |          |         |
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| # | # | #                 | # | #  |    |    |          |         |
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| # | # | #                 | # | #  |    |    |          |         |
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
| # | # | #                 | # | #  |    |    |          |         |
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   |                   |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   | Total             |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+
|   |   | Average           |   |    |    |    |          |         |
+---+---+-------------------+---+----+----+----+----------+---------+

^1^DBH = Diameter at Breast Height. ^2^Spacing in between plants to
achieve trees/acre. Trees/acre = 43,560 (ft^2^/ac) ÷ \[Between-Row
Spacing (ft) X In-Row Spacing (ft)}. ^3^Size Class = sapling/seedling,
pole, sawlog. ^4^ 1 = Preferred, 2 = Acceptable, 3 = Weed species.

**Forest Stand Improvement -- Job Sheet -- Specifications Sheet**

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *For:*                            | *Farm #:*                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Field(s):*                       | *Tract #:*                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Designed By Lic #::*             | *Approved By:*                    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | *Signature: Lic. #:*              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| *Date:*                           | *Date:*                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## Purpose (check all that apply) |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## To increase the quanti         | ## Harvest forest products        |
| ty and quality of forest products |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## Improve wildlife habitat       | ## Achieve a desired level        |
|                                   | of crop tree stocking and density |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## Imp                            | ## Increase carb                  |
| rove water conservation and yield | on storage in selected crop trees |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## Improve aesthetic,             | ##                                |
| recreation, and open space values | Restore natural plant communities |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## I                              | ## Achieve a d                    |
| nitiate forest stand regeneration | esired understory plant community |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ## Reduce                         | ## Renewable energy production    |
| the potential of damage from wild |                                   |
| fire, pests, and moisture stress. |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Project site general soil moisture regime is \_\_\_Dry \_\_\_Moist
\_\_\_Wet or poorly-drained (see Pg 666-4)

+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| **Harvest             |         |              |                    |
| Regeneration**        |         |              |                    |
| **Strategy** (check   |         |              |                    |
| one Mgt System on     |         |              |                    |
| first line and circle |         |              |                    |
| specific system on    |         |              |                    |
| second line)          |         |              |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| -   Uneven-aged       |         | -            |                    |
|     Management System |         |    Even-aged |                    |
|                       |         |              |                    |
|                       |         |   Management |                    |
|                       |         |     System   |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| -   Single-tree       |         | -            |                    |
|     selection, group  |         |   Clear-cut, |                    |
|     selection,        |         |              |                    |
|     coppice           |         |   seed-tree, |                    |
|                       |         |              |                    |
|                       |         | shelterwood, |                    |
|                       |         |     coppice  |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| **Type of Forest      |         |              |                    |
| Stand Improvement**   |         |              |                    |
| (check one and write  |         |              |                    |
| in type, i.e. hand,   |         |              |                    |
| chemical, mechanical, |         |              |                    |
| other-specify)        |         |              |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| -   Weeding (pg       | -   Re  |              | -   Pre-commercial |
|     666-3) Type:      | leasing |              |     thinning (pg   |
|                       |     (pg |              |     666-5) Type:   |
|                       |         |              |                    |
|                       |  666-5) |              |                    |
|                       |         |              |                    |
|                       |   Type: |              |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+
| -   Commercial        |         |              |                    |
|     thinning (pg      |         |              |                    |
|     666-5)            |         |              |                    |
+-----------------------+---------+--------------+--------------------+

Forest Stand Improvement will be done during the following time period
(specify
dates):\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_to\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

**NOTE**: This practice will comply with VT [Intent to Cut
Notification]{.underline} under the Heavy Cutting Legislation and the
standards required for the Use Value Appraisal Program.

Notification No. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Completed
by:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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| s |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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| n |   |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| a |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| s |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| t |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| e |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| r |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| i |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| s |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| k |   |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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| \ |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| * |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| ) |   |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| b |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| y |   |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| t |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| h |   |                |      |             |            |          |
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+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| F | A | Plant Species  | Size | D+X Spacing | Avg.       | Trees    |
| i | c | (common name)  | C    |             | Spacing    | per Acre |
| e |   |                | lass |             |            |          |
| l |   |                |      |             | Ft X Ft    |          |
| d |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| / |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| S |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| t |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| a |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| n |   |                |      |             |            |          |
| d |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # | # | ##             | ##   | ##          | ##         | ##       |
| # | # |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # | # | ##             | ##   | ##          | ##         | ##       |
| # | # |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # | # | ##             | ##   | ##          | ##         | ##       |
| # | # |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # | # | ##             | ##   | ##          | ##         | ##       |
| # | # |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+
| # | # | ##             | ##   | ##          | ##         | ##       |
| # | # |                |      |             |            |          |
|   |   |                |      |             |            |          |
+---+---+----------------+------+-------------+------------+----------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Additional Remarks (Include information on salable or usable products,
  other values and considerations):

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Installation shall be in accordance with the specified drawings,
specifications, and special requirements. **No changes are to be made in
the drawings or specifications without prior approval of {name of
technical specialist} at {phone number}.** Questions regarding the
forest stand improvement should be directed to \[name of technical
specialist\], at \[phone number\].