Intelligent Transportation Systems/

Commercial Vehicle Operations

(ITS/CVO)

> **Commercial Vehicle Information\
> Systems and Networks\
> (CVISN)**
>
> **Glossary**

Baseline Version

POR-96-6997 V2.0

December 2000

  --------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  Prepared for:                                                   Prepared by:

  ![](media/image1.png){width="1.925in"                           ![](media/image2.wmf){width="0.8284722222222223in"
  height="0.9666666666666667in"}                                  height="1.0638888888888889in"}

  Federal Motor Carrier Safety                                    The Johns Hopkins University\
  Administration                                                  Applied Physics Laboratory
  --------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

**This is a Baseline Issue**

This document has completed internal and external reviews of previously
published drafts and preliminary versions. All comments received to date
have been incorporated or addressed.

**Note:** This document and other CVISN-related documentation are
available for review and downloading by the ITS/CVO community from the
JHU/APL CVISN site on the World Wide Web. The electronic version of the
glossary features hypertext links to the definitions. All updates to
this glossary will be maintained and published on that site; hardcopies
of future versions will not be distributed. The URL for the CVISN site
is:

> **http://www.jhuapl.edu/cvisn/**

The specific URL for the CVISN Glossary is:

> **http://www.jhuapl.edu/cvisn/introcvisn/glossv20.shtml**

Additional review and comments to this document are welcome. The last
page is a feedback form to support that process. Please send updates to:

> Ms. Theresa G. Nester
>
> The Johns Hopkins University
>
> Applied Physics Laboratory
>
> 11100 Johns Hopkins Road
>
> Laurel, MD 20723-6099
>
> Phone: 443-778-8760
>
> Fax: 443-778-6149
>
> E-Mail: theresa.nester@jhuapl.edu

Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN)

Glossary

**Table of Contents**

1\. Introduction [1](#introduction)

1.1 Purpose [1](#purpose)

1.2 Document Scope [1](#document-scope)

1.3 Document Organization [1](#document-organization)

1.4 Document References [1](#document-references)

2\. List of Acronyms [5](#list-of-acronyms)

3\. Glossary [29](#glossary)

This Page Intentionally Blank

# Introduction

## Purpose

This document defines terms and acronyms used in current Commercial
Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) documents and used in
activities relevant to development of a national Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS) system architecture for commercial vehicle
operations (CVO). This document may serve as a basic reference for
anyone who is interested or involved in CVO systems.

## Document Scope

This document contains acronyms and definitions about operational tests
and projects related to CVO, and nonprofit organizations that serve CVO.
Not included in this document are data dictionary terms relating to
entities, processes, and data elements in electronic data interchange.

## Document Organization

This document is organized into three sections:

-   Section 1 contains an introduction to the document. It describes the
    purpose, scope, organization, and references for the document.

-   Section 2 contains a list of acronyms.

-   Section 3 contains the glossary definitions.

## Document References

The definitions contained in Section 3 of this document were taken from
a variety of sources, including informal papers, standards, and existing
ITS and CVO documentation. Sometimes, the reference for the term is a
published document. In other cases, the definition is taken from
information that APL received informally from conversations or during
meetings. If a reference is known, a reference number is listed after
the term's definition. The following references were used in generating
the definitions.

\[1\] Report to Congress, Base State Working Group on Uniform Motor
Carrier Programs, December 17, 1993.

\[2\] Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

\[3\] Urban Public Transportation Glossary, Transportation Research
Board, 1989.

\[4\] ATA Policy Brochure.

\[5\] Advantage I-75 Final Report, JHK & Associates, May 1992.

\[6\] AAMVAnet 1992--1993 Annual Report, AAMVAnet Inc.

\[7\] Cost/Benefit Analysis of a Rural ATIS, Transportation Research
Board, January 1994.

\[8\] An Introduction to Electronic Data Interchange, Data Interchange
Standards Association (DISA), September 1, 1991.

\[9\] Handling Hazardous Materials, Department of Safety, American
Trucking Associations 1994 Edition.

\[10\] NLETS General Report, NLETS Inc., June 1994.

\[11\] 1993 Annual Report, Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society of
America.

\[12\] CVISN Statement of Direction, JHU/APL, March 10, 1997.

\[13\] Maine, New Hampshire & Vermont Motor Carrier Administration
Overview, CSI Inc., April 1994.

\[14\] IVHS Strategic Plan Report to Congress, DOT, December 18, 1992.

\[15\] Finding From Five Years of Operating Oregon's Automated Woodburn
Port of Entry, TRB, January 1994.

\[16\] Western States Transparent Borders Project, Description of
Current State Practices for Idaho, Washington State Transportation
Center (TRAC), May 1993.

\[17\] Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology Program
Highlight, 1993.

\[18\] Improved SCE Selection Process for Ranking Potentially High Risk
Carriers, FHWA, October 1994.

\[19\] The MCMIS Motor Carrier Safety Profile Documentation FHWA/OMC,
August 1992.

\[20\] Proposed Standard for Dedicated, Shortrange, Two-Way Vehicle to
Roadside Communications, ASTM, December 1993.

\[21\] ANSI D-20.1 Data Element Dictionary, AAMVA, October 1993.

\[22\] International Registration Plan, AAMVA, August 22, 1994.

\[23\] CDLIS Detailed Design Document 3.2, AAMVAnet, November 1992.

\[24\] Premier Carrier Pilot Project Program Design and Evaluation
Criteria, Volpe, September 1994.

\[25\] The Commercial Vehicle Information System Interim Report to
Congress (DRAFT), January 1995, FHWA.

\[26\] Encyclopedia of Associations, 29^th^ Edition, 1995.

\[27\] North American Free Trade Agreement, Department of Commerce,
1994.

\[28\] Western States Transparent Borders, Description of Current State
Practices, Washington, WA-RD 309.1, April 1993.

\[29\] Systems Planning for Automated Commercial Vehicle Licensing and
Permitting Systems, Cambridge Systematics, Inc., October 1993.

\[30\] Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance Petition for Rule Change,
CVSA, July 1994.

\[31\] CVIS Definitions and Abbreviations, November 22, 1994.

\[32\] Information Engineering, Planning and Analysis (Book II), James
Martin, 1990.

\[33\] A Comparison of IVHS Progress in the United States, Europe, and
Japan, R. L. French and Associates, December 31, 1993.

\[34\] Heavy Vehicle Use Tax Return, Form 2290, Rev. July 1993.

\[35\] Commercial Vehicle Information Systems Network Operational
Concept Document, JHU/APL, POR-96-6989 P.2, June 1996.

\[36\] Commercial Vehicle Information Systems Network Architecture
Specification, JHU/APL, POR-96-6985, 29 February 1996.

\[37\] EDI TS286, IFTA Credentials Implementation Guide, Volume III,
JHU/APL, POR‑97‑6996, 31 March 1997.

\[38\] Balancing Growth and Diversity, AAMVAnet, Inc. 1992--1993 Annual
Report.

\[39\] Design of the Roadside Operations Computer, JHU/APL, February 17,
1998.

\[40\] Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations
Program Plan, JHU/APL, D.2, January 1998.

\[41\] Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window Project Plan,
JHU/APL, POR‑98‑7077, February 1998.

\[42\] Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks
Interoperability Test Plan, JHU/APL, POR-97-7072, October 31, 1997.

\[43\] Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology, IEEE Std
610.12-1990, 1999.

\[44\] <http://www.x12.org/x12org/about/index.html?whatis.html>

\[45\] World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), <http://www.w3.org/XML/>. This
copyright notice applies to all documents from the reference: Copyright
© World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Keio
University). All Rights Reserved. W3C® is a registered trademark of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology on behalf of the World Wide Web
Consortium <http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/>.

\[46\] Bosak, Jon, *XML, Java, and the future of the Web*, March 1997,

<http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/sun-info/standards/xml/why/xmlapps.htm>.

\[47\] Bryan, Martin, *An Introduction to the Extensible Markup Language
(XML)*, 1997,

<http://www.personal.u-net.com/~sgml/xmlintro.htm>.

\[48\] The HTML Writer's Guild, *CSS Frequently Asked Questions*, 1998,

<http://www.hwg.org/resources/faqs/ccsFAQ.html>.

# List of Acronyms

This section provides acronyms, listed in alphabetical order, and their
expanded name. Definitions of many of these terms are given in the
glossary under the expanded name.

AAMVA\
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

AASHTO\
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACCB\
Architecture Configuration Control Board

ACRP\
Automated Compliance Review Pilot

ADC\
Annapolis Data Center

ADUS\
Archived Data User Service

ADVANCE\
Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept

AFF\
Application File Format

AHS\
Automated Highway System

AMASCOT\
Automated Mileage and Stateline Crossing Operational Test

ANSI\
American National Standards Institute

API\
Application Processing Interface

APL\
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

APPN\
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking

APTS\
Advanced Public Transportation Systems

A&S\
Architecture & Standards

ASAP\
Automated Safety Assurance Program

ASC\
Accredited Standards Committee

ASN\
Abstract Syntax Notation

ASPEN\
(Not an acronym)

ASTM\
American Society for Testing and Materials

ATA\
American Trucking Associations

ATIPE\
Advanced Technologies for International and Intermodal Ports of Entry

ATIS\
Advanced Traveler Information Systems

ATM\
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATMS\
Advanced Traffic/Management Systems

Avalanche\
(Not an acronym)

AVC\
Automatic Vehicle Classification

AVCS\
Advanced Vehicle Control Systems

AVI\
Automatic Vehicle Identification

AVL\
Automatic Vehicle Location

BPR\
Business Process Re-engineering

BSWG\
Base State Working Group

CA\
Credentials Administration

CAP\
Conformance Assurance Performance

CAPRI\
Carrier Automated Performance Review Information

CARS\
Credentials Administration Requirements Specifications

CASE\
Computer Aided Software Engineering

CAT\
Carrier Automated Transaction

CCB\
Configuration Control Board

CD\
Compact Disk

CDL\
Commercial Driver's License

CDLIS\
Commercial Driver's License Information System

CDM\
CVIEW Data Mailbox

CDPD\
Cellular Digital Packet Data

CD-ROM\
Compact Disk -- Read Only Memory

CEN\
Comite´ Europe´en de Normalisation

CFR\
Code of Federal Regulations

CH\
Clearinghouse

CI\
Credentialing Interface

CIA\
Custom Interface Agreement

CIS\
Credential Input System; Central Information Site

CM\
Configuration Management

CMM\
Capability Maturity Model

CMV\
Commercial Motor Vehicle

CMVSA\
Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act

COACH\
CVISN Operational and Architectural Compatibility Handbook

COAT\
Conformance Assessment Team

CORBA\
Common Object Request Broker Architecture

COTS\
Commercial-off-the-shelf

COVE\
COmmercial VEhicle

CPM\
Critical Path Method

CR\
Compliance Review\
Change Request

CRF\
Change Request Form

CSA\
CVISN State Advisor

CSFR\
Carrier Safety Fitness Rating

CSI\
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.

CSS\
Cascading Style Sheets

CUSCAR\
Customs Cargo Report Message

CUSDEC\
Customs Declaration

CUSREP\
Customs Conveyance Report Message

CUSRES\
Customs Response Message

CV\
Commercial Vehicle

CVIE\
(Obsolete; see CVIEW)

CVIEW\
Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window

CVIS\
Commercial Vehicle Information System

CVISN\
Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks

CVL\
Commercial Vehicle Licensing

CVO\
Commercial Vehicle Operations

CVSA\
Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance

CVSP\
Commercial Vehicle Safety Plan

CY\
Calendar Year

DARPA\
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DB\
Database

DBA\
Doing Business As

DHCP\
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DL\
Drivers License

DM\
Data Mailbox

DMV\
Department of Motor Vehicles

DNA\
Digital Network Architecture

DOB\
Date of Birth

DOL\
Department of Licensing

DOM\
Document Object Model

DOT\
Department of Transportation

DPIU\
Data Processing Interface Unit

DSRC\
Dedicated Short Range Communication

DSSSL\
Document Style Semantics and Specification Language

DTD\
Document Type Definition

DTSW\
Dynamic Downhill Truck Speed Warning System

DUNS\
Data Universal Numbering System

DVIS\
Driver/Vehicle Inspection System

EDI\
Electronic Data Interchange

EDIFACT\
EDI For Administration, Commerce, and Transport

EDL\
Electronic Data Library

EEOS\
Electronic One-Stop Shopping

EFT\
Electronic Funds Transfer

EIA\
Electronics Industry Association

EPIC\
Expected Processing and International Crossing

ESAL\
Equivalent Single Axle Loads

ESE\
Electronic Screening (E-Screening) Enrollment

ETC\
Electronic Toll Collection

ETTM\
Electronic Toll and Traffic Management

FAQ\
Frequently Asked Questions

FARS\
Fatal Accident Reporting System

FDDI\
Fiber Distributed Data Interface

FEAF\
Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework

FEIN\
Federal Employer Identification Number

FFE\
Flat File Equivalent

FHVUT\
Federal Heavy Vehicle Use Tax

FHWA\
Federal Highway Administration

FIPS\
Federal Information Processing Standards

FMCSA\
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

FMCSR\
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations

FMMS\
HazMat Fleet Management and Data Monitoring System

FMS\
Fleet Management System

FNC\
Federal Networking Council

FSG\
Field Systems Group

FSR\
Feasibility Study Report

FTA\
Federation of Tax Administrators; Federal Transit Administration

FTP\
File Transfer Protocol

FTS\
Federal Telecommunications System

FTS2000\
Federal Telecommunications System 2000

GCWR\
Gross Combination Weight Rating

GIS\
Geographical Information System

GMT\
Greenwich Meridian/Mean Time

GPS\
Global Positioning System

GSN\
Global Services Network

GUI\
Graphical User Interface

GVW\
Gross Vehicle Weight

GVWR\
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

HAZMAT\
Hazardous Material

HDDV\
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle

HELP\
Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate Program

HM\
Hazardous Material

HMTA\
Hazardous Material Transportation Act

HMTUSA\
Hazardous Material Transportation Uniform Safety Act

HOS\
Hours of service

HOV\
High Occupancy Vehicle

HSWIM\
High Speed Weigh-In-Motion

HTML\
HyperText Markup Language

HTTP\
Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HVUT\
Heavy Vehicle Use Tax

IACP\
International Association of Chiefs of Police

IANA\
Intermodal Association of North America

IBC\
International Border Clearance

IBEX\
International Border Electronic Crossing

IBM\
International Business Machine

IBTTA\
International Bridge, Tunnel, and Turnpike Association

ICA\
Intelligent Console Architecture

ICC\
Interstate Commerce Commission

ICD\
Interface Control Document

ICDN\
ITS Cooperative Deployment Network

ICN\
In Cab Notification

ID/IQ\
Indefinite Delivery / Indefinite Quantity

IDT\
Intelligent Decision Technologies

IEEE\
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEN\
Information Exchange Network

IES\
Information Exchange System

I/F\
Interface

IFTA\
International Fuel Tax Agreement

IG\
Implementation Guide

IMS\
Information Management Systems

INCOSE\
International Council on Systems Engineering

INS\
Immigration and Naturalization Service

I/O\
Input/Output

IOU\
Idaho, Oregon, Utah

IP\
Internet Protocol

IPSec\
Internet Protocol Security

IR\
Inter-regional; Infrared

IRP\
International Registration Plan

IS\
Information System(s)

ISA\
Information Systems Architecture

ISDN\
Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO\
International Standards Organization

ISP\
Internet Service Provider

ISS\
Inspection Selection System

ISTEA\
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

IT\
Information Technology

ITDS\
International Trade Data System

ITE\
Institute of Transportation Engineers

ITOP\
Information Technology Omnibus Procurement

ITS\
Intelligent Transportation Systems (formerly IVHS)

ITS-A\
Intelligent Transportation Systems - America

IVHS\
Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System

IVI\
Intelligent Vehicle Initiative

JAD\
Joint Application Development

JHU/APL\
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

JPO\
Joint Program Office

KB\
Kilobyte

L&I\
Licensing and Insurance

LAMP\
Licensing Application Migration Project

LAN\
Local Area Network

LCL\
Less-Than-Carload

LIMS\
Lockheed Martin Information Management Systems

LM\
Legacy Modification

LPR\
License Plate Reader

LSI\
Legacy System Interface

LTL\
Less-Than-Truckload

MACS\
Mainline Automated Clearance System

MAPS\
Multi-Jurisdictional Automated Preclearance System

MCDC\
Motor Carrier Data Collection

MCMIS\
Motor Carrier Management Information System

MCSAP\
Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program

MCSIP\
Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Process

MDI\
Model Deployment Initiative

MDT\
Mobile Data Terminal

MEOSS\
Mid-West Electronic One-Stop Shopping

MOA\
Memorandum of Agreement

MOE\
Measure Of Effectiveness

MONY\
Michigan/Ontario/New York

MOOO\
Multi-Jurisdictional Oversize and Overweight Organization

MPO\
Metropolitan Planning Organization

MVA\
Motor Vehicle Administration

NA\
Not Applicable (also N/A)

NAFTA\
North American Free Trade Agreement

NATAP\
North American Trade Automation Prototype

NCHRP\
National Cooperative Highway Research Program

NCIC\
National Crime Information Center

NCP\
Network Control Program

NDR\
National Driver Register

NEMA\
National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NETC\
New England Transportation Consortium

NGA\
National Governors' Association

NHTSA\
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

NIER\
National Institute for Environmental Renewal

NIMC\
National Incident Management Coalition

NLETS\
National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System

NMVTIS\
National Motor Vehicle Title Information System

NOI\
Notice Of Investigation

NORPASS\
North American Preclearance and Safety System

NPRM\
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

NPTC\
National Private Truck Council

NSF\
National Science Foundation

NT\
New Technology (Microsoft Operating System)

NTSB\
National Transportation Safety Board

NYRPC\
New York Regional Processing Center

OASIS\
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

OBC\
On-Board Computer

OCD\
Operational Concept Document

OIC\
Office in Charge

O&M\
Operations & Maintenance

OMC\
Office of Motor Carriers

OMCHS\
Office of Motor Carrier and Highway Safety

OOIDA\
Owner-Operator Independent Driver Association

OOS\
Out of Service

OOSD\
Out of Service Driver

OOSV\
Out of Service Vehicle

OS/OW\
Oversize/Overweight

OSI\
Open System Interconnection

OST\
Office of the Secretary of Transportation

PASS\
Port of Entry Advanced Sorting System

PC\
Personal Computer

PDA\
Personal Data Assistant

PDPS\
Problem Driver Pointer System

PER\
Packing Encoding Rules

PERT\
Program Evaluation Review Technique

PIQ\
Past Inspection Query

PMI\
Project Management Institute

POE\
Port of Entry

POP\
Post Office Protocol

PPTP\
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

PR\
Proposed Recommendation

PRISM\
Performance and Registration Information Systems Management

PS\
Provisional Standard

PSC\
Public Service Commission

PSTN\
Public Service Telephone Network

PUC\
Public Utility Commission

RAPP\
Regional Automated Permit Processing

RDF\
Resource Description Format

REC\
W3C Recommendation

RES\
Roadside Electronic Screening

RFP\
Request for Proposal

RFQ\
Request for Quote

RFTA\
Regional Fuel Tax Agreement

ROC\
Roadside Operations Computer

ROVER\
CVO ROving VERification Van

RPC\
Regional Processing Center; Remote Procedure Call

RSIS\
RS Information Systems, Inc.

RSPA\
Research and Special Program Administration

RTVDM\
Registration, Title, Vehicle Dealers and Manufacturers

RWIS\
Road Weather Information System

RYG\
Red, Yellow, Green

SAE\
Society of Automotive Engineers

SAFER\
Safety and Fitness Electronic Records

SafeStat\
Safety Status

SAFETYNET\
(Not an acronym)

SafeVUE\
SAFER and CVIEW Visual User Environment

SASHTO\
Southern Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

SAX\
Simple API for XML

SCAC\
Standard Carrier Alpha Code

SCAPI\
SAFER CVIEW Application Programming Interface

SCE\
Selective Compliance Enforcement

SDM\
SAFER Data Mailbox

SDO\
Standard Development Organization

SDS\
Safety Data Systems

SE\
Southeastern States

SEA\
Safety Evaluation Area

SEB\
State Entry Beacon

SENTRI\
Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection

SGML\
Standard Generalized Markup Language

SHRP\
Strategic Highway Research Program

SMDS\
Switched Multimegabit Data Service

SMTP\
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNA\
Systems Network Architecture

SNET\
SAFETYNET

SOD\
Statement of Direction

SPO\
Special Project Office

SQL\
Structured Query Language

SSD\
JHU/APL Strategic Systems Department

SSE\
State-Specific Enhancement

SSN\
Social Security Number

SSRS\
Single State Registration System

STCC\
Standard Transportation Commodity Code

STIP\
Statewide Transportation Improvement Program

STOLEN\
State On-line Enforcement System

SVC\
Service

TBD\
To Be Determined

TCAM\
Telecommunications Access Method

TCC\
Transportation (US DOT) Computer Center

TCP/IP\
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TEA\
Transportation Equity Act

TEA-21\
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century

TIA\
Telecommunications Industry Association

TIN\
Tax Identification Number

TIP\
Transportation Improvement Program

TOCM\
Transportation Operation Coordination Committee

TPM\
Technical Performance Measure

TRALA\
Truck Rental And Leasing Association

TRANSCOM\
Transportation Operations Coordination Committee

TRB\
Transportation Research Board

TS\
Transaction Set

UCR\
Unified Carrier Register

UML\
Unified Modeling Language

UDP\
User Datagram Protocol

URI\
Uniform Resource Identifier

URL\
Universal Resource Locator

USDOT\
United States Department of Transportation

V&V\
Verification and Validation

VAN\
Value-Added Network

VIN\
Vehicle Identification Number

VISTA\
Vehicle Information System for Tax Apportionment

VISTA/RS\
VISTA Registration System

VISTA/TS\
VISTA Tax System

VMS\
Variable Message Sign

VRC\
Vehicle to Roadside Communication

VRTC\
Vehicle Research Testing Center

VTAM\
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method

VTIE\
Vehicle Title Information Exchange

WAN\
Wide Area Network

WD\
Working Draft

WASHTO\
Western Association of State Highway Officials

WBS\
Work Breakdown Structure

WECI\
Web-Enabled Credentialing Interface

WIM\
Weigh-In-Motion

WMI\
World Manufacturer Identifier

WRA\
Western Regional Agreement

WSDOT\
Washington State Department of Transportation

WTA\
Washington Trucking Associations

WWW\
World Wide Web

W3C\
World Wide Web Consortium

XHTML\
eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language

XML\
eXtensible Markup Language

XQL\
XML Query Language

XSL\
eXtensible Stylesheet Language

XSLT\
eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations

X12\
(Not an acronym)

Y2K\
Year 2000

# Glossary

Section 3 contains the glossary terms and their definitions. It is not
the intent of JHU/APL to establish norms or standards for the terms. In
many cases, there are several definitions for a term. Instead, the
objective is to provide a compilation of common usage. The presence of a
definition in the glossary does not preclude other equally correct
definitions. The definitions in this glossary are organized
alphabetically by term.

AAMVAnet\
A national electronic telecommunications network developed by IBM and
operated by AAMVAnet Inc., that connects the NDR, the CDLIS central
site, other users and the on‑line states. [\[23\]](#%5B23%5D)

AAMVAnet, Inc.\
A nonprofit organization created by AAMVA, to deliver cost effective
information system solutions. [\[6\]](#%5B6%5D)

AASHTO Value‑Added Network\
An AAMVAnet based network used to provide AASHTO members with access to
Federal Highway Administration applications such as fiscal management
information systems and a federal aid billing system[. \[6\]](#%5B6%5D)

Abatement\
To discontinue regulatory violations by refraining from or taking
actions identified in a notice to correct noncompliance.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Accident\
An unstabilized situation that includes at least one harmful event.
[\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

Additional Fleet Vehicles\
Vehicles acquired by the registrant after the commencement of the
registration year and added to the proportionally registered fleet.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept (ADVANCE)\
A cooperative effort to evaluate the performance of the first
large-scale dynamic route guidance system in the U.S.

Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)\
One of six user services areas defined by the original ITS National
Program Plan. (Recent updates to the plan have reorganized the user
services into different categories.)

Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)\
Information systems designed to provide roadway users with accurate and
timely information on travel conditions. [\[7\]](#%5B7%5D)

Advantage CVO (formerly Advantage I‑75)\
A CVO operational test along Interstate 75. This project represents a
partnership of public and private sector interests along the I‑75
corridor. (See also Mainline Automated Clearance System.)

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA)\
A national organization of state agencies responsible for motor vehicle
registration. [\[6\]](#%5B6%5D)

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO)\
An organization to develop and support guidelines for the construction,
maintenance, and operation of surface transportation facilities.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)\
A clearinghouse for many nationally coordinated voluntary industry
standards. [\[8\]](#%5B8%5D)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)\
An organization to establish test standards for materials, products,
systems, and services for a wide range of industries.

American Trucking Associations (ATA)\
A national trade association of the trucking industry. Its mission is to
educate public officials about the trucking industry and to supply
current, accurate information to ensure compliance with federal, state,
and local laws. [\[4\]](#%5B4%5D)

Apportionable Fee\
Any periodic recurring fee required for licensing or registering
vehicles, such as, but not limited to, registration, license or weight
fees. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Apportionable Fleet\
One or more vehicles identified as a fleet, except recreational
vehicles, vehicles displaying restricted plates, city pick‑up and
delivery vehicles, buses used in transportation of chartered parties,
and government‑owned vehicles, used in two or more member jurisdictions
that allocate or proportionally register vehicles and is used for the
transportation of persons for‑hire or designed, used or maintained
primarily for the transportation of property.  [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Apportionable Vehicle\
Vehicle operating in two or more member jurisdictions and used for the
transportation of persons or property may apply for apportioned
registration. Apportionable vehicles include:

-   a power unit having two axles and a gross vehicle weight in excess
    of 26,000 pounds, or;

-   a power unit having three or more axles, regardless of weight; or

-   used in combination, when the weight of such combination exceeds
    26,000 pounds gross weight.

Vehicles or combinations thereof, having a gross vehicle weight of
26,000 pounds or less and two‑axle vehicles and buses used in
transportation of chartered parties may be proportionally registered at
the option of the registrant. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Architecture\
The overall structure and unifying design characteristics of a system.

Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC)\
Classifies trucks by vehicle length, number of axles, and axle spacing.

Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)\
Identifies vehicles using light, microwave, or radio frequencies.
Combines roadside receivers with on‑board transponders to automatically
identify vehicles. This includes license plate readers.

Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)\
Calculates the location of a truck or trailer. There are several types
of AVL:  Dead Reckoning AVL and Radio determination AVL.
[\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Avalanche\
Serves as a communications handler and preprocessor for inbound vehicle
inspection reports coming form the ASPEN inspection software.

Base Jurisdiction\
In a base state agreement, the jurisdiction where operators or owners
have an established place of business, where mileage is accrued by a
fleet, and where operational records of a fleet are maintained or can be
made available. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Base Plate\
Under IRP, a license plate issued by the Base Jurisdiction. It is the
only registration identification plate issued for a vehicle by any
member jurisdiction. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Base State System\
A cooperative agreement under which an interstate carrier traveling in
more than one jurisdiction will choose one state as a Base Jurisdiction.
Thereafter the Base Jurisdiction is responsible for all interactions
with the carrier. (See also Base Jurisdiction.)

Base State Working Group on Uniform Motor Carrier Programs\
A working group composed of state officials to facilitate state
responses in meeting the mandate established in Section 4008 of the
Motor Carrier Act of 1991. [\[1\]](#%5B1%5D)

Bingo Stamps\
Stamps used by states as a revenue mechanism to cover costs associated
with administration of motor carrier insurance requirements and the
issuance of operating authority credentials. [\[37\]](#%5B37%5D)\
\
The program will disappear by 1994, when the ISTEA mandated base‑state
programs are implemented. [\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Bus\
A motor vehicle consisting primarily of a transport device designed for
carrying more than ten persons. [\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)\
\
Any motor vehicle designed, constructed, and/or used for the
transportation of passengers, including taxicabs. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Cab Card\
Under IRP, a registration card (vehicle or fuel) issued by the Base
Jurisdiction for a vehicle of an apportioned fleet which identifies the
vehicle, base plate, registered weight by jurisdictions and shows the
jurisdictions where the vehicle is properly registered.
[\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Carrier Safety Fitness Rating (CSFR)\
The safety rating of the carrier based on an official approved safety
algorithm.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)\
"CSS is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML
elements. Every element type as well as every occurrence of a specific
element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g., margins,
positioning, color or size." (In reference to XML.) [\[48\]](#%5B48%5D)

Citation\
A legal action against a person, indicating that a law may have been
broken.

Clearinghouse (CH)\
An organization that processes information received electronically from
states to compute fees due/owed each jurisdiction, and facilitates
periodic transfers of funds.

COACH\
A JHU/APL document providing CVISN pilot state agencies, motor carriers,
and developers of CVISN Core Infrastructure systems with a comprehensive
checklist of what is required to be compatible with CVISN operational
concepts and architecture.

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)\
A codification of the general rules published in the Federal Register by
executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. An annual
publication that contains all federal regulations in effect, which
govern motor carrier safety. Title 49 deals with motor carrier safety
regulations. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Collision Accident\
A road vehicle accident other than an overturning accident in which the
first harmful event is a collision of a road vehicle in transport with
another road vehicle, other property or pedestrians.

Combination Vehicle\
Any combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating of
26,001 or more pounds provided the GVWR of the vehicle being towed is in
excess of 10,000 pounds.  [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Combined Gross Weight\
The total unladen weight of a combination of vehicles plus the weight of
the load carried on that combination of vehicles. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Commercial Driver's License (CDL)\
A license issued to an individual by a state or other jurisdiction,
according to the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 383, which
authorizes the individual to operate a designated class of motor
vehicles. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Commercial Driver's License Information System (CDLIS)\
A software system that serves as a pointer to the complete record kept
by the state issuing the license. The system is intended to provide
states with the ability to check a nationwide information system for
possible duplicates or for a suspended license before issuing a
commercial driver's license to an applicant. It was established by FHWA
according to section 12007 of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Act of 1986.
[\[23\]](#%5B23%5D)

Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV)\
Any self-propelled or towed vehicle used on highways in intrastate or
interstate commerce to transport passengers or property:

-   if it has a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 or more pounds; or

-   if it is designed to transport more than 16 passengers, including
    the driver; or

-   if it is used to transport hazardous materials (as defined in 49
    U.S.C. App. 1801 et seq.) in quantity requiring placarding under
    federal regulation [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act (CMVSA)\
Requires all states to meet the same minimum standards for testing and
licensing drivers of commercial motor vehicles. The act also mandates
uniform penalties and a central reporting system. [\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Commercial Trailer\
A trailer used to handle freight in the transportation of goods for
others; excludes house trailers, light farm trailers, and car trailers.

Commercial Vehicle Information Exchange Window (CVIEW)\
A state-based electronic data exchange system that provides carrier,
vehicle, and driver safety and credential information to fixed and
mobile roadside inspection stations, state agencies, and other third
party users. [\[41\]](#%5B41%5D)

Commercial Vehicle Information System (CVIS)\
An information system being used to determine the feasibility of linking
safety fitness to vehicle registration. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN)\
CVISN is the collection of state, federal and private sector information
systems and communications networks that support commercial vehicle
operations (CVO).

Many improvement initiatives are currently underway to develop new
systems and upgrade existing systems to add new capabilities and allow
electronic exchange of information using open interface standards. This
will enable delivery of new electronic services to states and carriers
in the broad areas of safety, credentials, and electronic clearance.
Specific examples of new services include:

-   providing timely safety information to inspectors at the roadside

-   providing operating credentials to motor carriers electronically

-   allowing states to exchange registration and fuel tax information
    electronically

-   conducting electronic screening of commercial vehicles at fixed and
    mobile sites while vehicles travel at highway speeds

In summary, CVISN components apply emerging technologies to improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of state and private CVO stakeholders in
the three broad functional areas of safety, credentials, and electronic
screening. [\[40\]](#%5B40%5D)

Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)\
Includes all the operations associated with moving goods and passengers
via commercial vehicles over the North American highway system and the
activities necessary to regulate these operations. [\[12\]](#%5B12%5D)

Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA)\
An international organization of states, Canadian provinces and
territories and Mexico, with the primary objectives of enhancing
commercial vehicle safety, providing uniformity, consistency and
reciprocity among its member jurisdictions that regulate commercial
motor vehicle safety. [\[30\]](#%5B30%5D)

Compliance Order\
A written direction to a respondent requiring the performance of certain
acts which, based upon the findings in the proceeding, are considered
necessary to bring a respondent into compliance with regulations found
to have been violated. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Compliance Review (CR)\
An on‑site examination of motor carrier operations, such as drivers'
hours of service, maintenance and inspection records, driver
qualifications, commercial driver's license requirements, financial
responsibility, accidents, hazardous materials, and other safety and
transportation records to determine whether a motor carrier meets the
safety fitness standard. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Configuration Control Board (CCB)\
A group of people responsible for evaluating and approving or
disapproving proposed changes to configuration items, and for ensuring
implementation of approved changes. [\[43\]](#%5B43%5D)

Conviction\
An unvacated adjudication of guilt or a determination that a person has
violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original
jurisdiction or by an authorized administrative tribunal, an unvacated
forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the person's
appearance in court, a plea of guilty or nolo contendere accepted by the
court, the payment of a fine or court cost, or violation of a condition
of release without bail, regardless of whether or not the penalty is
rebated, suspended, or probated. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

COVE\
COmmercial VEhicle, a state project for Electronic Data Sharing of
information on CV safety, credentials, and oversize/overweight
information.

Crescent\
A HELP demonstration project whose goals were to assess the viability of
new technology (e.g., WIM, AVI) in the highway environment, improve
institutional arrangements; measure the improvements to efficiency and
productivity made by the HELP system and identify other applications for
the technology developed under the HELP program.

Data Dictionary\
A catalog of all data types, giving their names, structure, and
information about data usage. Advanced data dictionaries have a direct
function that enables them to represent and report on the
cross‑references between components of data and business models.
[\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Data Element\
The smallest unit of data that has meaning in describing information;
the smallest unit of named data. A data element has a specified size and
format. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Data Model\
A logical map of data that represents the inherent properties of the
data independently of software, hardware, or machine performance
considerations. The model shows data items grouped into
third‑normal‑form records, and shows the associations among those
records. The term model may be contrasted with the term schema. A schema
also shows a logical representation of data, but it is usually related
to a type of software representation. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Data Type\
The size and type of a data element. An interpretation applied to a
string of bits, such as integer, real, or character.

Database\
A collection of interrelated data stored with controlled redundancy to
serve one or more applications; the data is stored so that it is
independent of programs that use the data; a common and controlled
approach is used in adding new data, and in modifying and retrieving
existing data within a database. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS)\
Dun and Bradstreet's Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS Number). The
DUNS Number is an internationally recognized nine-digit company
identifier used for EDI and electronic commerce.

Dead Reckoning AVL\
Dead reckoning AVL uses a magnetic compass and odometers to track
distance and direction of travel from a known starting point. Vehicle
tracking must be continuous. With recalibration every 20 miles, dead
reckoning AVL is accurate within 100 feet. The newest map matching
systems use expert systems software to reconcile the truck's path and
current location against an electronic roadmap displayed on a video
screen in the truck cab. Location information can be stored onboard or
transmitted to the fleet office.  [\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Demographic Data\
Under the IFTA, states collect and submit "demographic" information to
the IFTA Clearinghouse. The demographic information is basic census
information from the IFTA registration application and includes name,
address, and identifiers.

Department of Transportation (DOT)\
A municipal, county, state, or federal agency responsible for
transportation. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Document Type Definition (DTD)\
A formal model that defines the role of each element of text. The DTD
declares each of the permitted entities, elements and attributes, and
the relationships between them. Used in reference to XML.
[\[47\]](#%5B47%5D)

Document Object Module (DOM)\
The Document Object Model is "a platform-and language-neutral interface
that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the
content, structure and style of documents. The Document Object Model
provides a standard set of objects for representing HTML and XML
documents, a standard model of how these objects can be combined, and a
standard interface for accessing and manipulating them. Vendors can
support the DOM as an interface to their proprietary data structures and
APIs, and content authors can write to the standard DOM interfaces
rather than product-specific APIs, thus increasing interoperability on
the Web." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

Dolly\
An auxiliary axle assembly having a fifth wheel used for converting a
semitrailer to a full trailer.

Domestic Intercity Trucking\
Trucking operations within the territory of the United States, including
intra‑Hawaiian and intra‑Alaskan, which carry freight beyond the local
areas and commercial zones.

Double\
A combination of two trailers pulled by a power unit. Usually refers to
a power unit pulling two 28' trailers.

Driver\
An occupant, who is in actual physical control of a transport vehicle;
or, for an out‑of‑control vehicle, an occupant who was in control until
control was lost. [\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

Driver's License (DL)\
A license issued by a state or other jurisdiction, to an individual
which authorizes the individual to operate a motor vehicle on the
highways. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Driver/Vehicle Inspection System (DVIS)\
Proposed system which will contain key data on drivers and vehicles from
recent inspections. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Driving Time\
The time spent at the driving controls while operating a motor vehicle.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Educational Contact\
A non‑regulatory on‑site review of carrier/shipper safety operations. It
is advisory in nature and is conducted by state enforcement officials in
states that do not have a state level CR program in force. This program
is still being developed. [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Electronic Clearance\
The process that allows commercial vehicles, whether operating
intrastate or interstate, to pass a check point (e.g., weigh station) at
mainline speeds without stopping to be checked for proper credentials,
weight, and safety status. [\[35\]](#%5B35%5D)

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)\
The exchange of routine business transactions in a computer‑processable
format, covering such traditional applications as inquiries, planning,
purchasing, acknowledgements, pricing, order status, scheduling, test
results, shipping and receiving, invoices, payments and financial
reporting. [\[8\]](#%5B8%5D)

Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)\
Any transfer of funds, other than a transaction originated by check
draft, or other similar paper instrument, that is initiated through a
computer terminal, telephonic instrument, computer, or magnetic tape to
order, instruct, or authorize a financial institution to debit or credit
an account. [\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)\
The process that allows a driver to pay tolls electronically.

Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM)\
The use of AVI to electronically collect tolls, enabling vehicles to pay
tolls without stopping at toll booths.

Electronics Industry Association (EIA)\
Concerned with standards relating to electronic components and systems
for a variety of users.

En route Transit Information\
Provides travelers with real‑time, accurate, transit and ride sharing
information while en route to their destination. [\[11\]](#%5B11%5D)

Encyclopedia\
A repository of knowledge about an enterprise, its goals, entities,
records, organizational units, functions, processes, procedures, and
application and information systems. It is populated progressively
during each stage of information engineering.  [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Endorsement\
An authorization to an individual's CDL required to permit the
individual to operate certain types of commercial motor vehicles.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Enterprise Model\
A description of the entity types, functions, and processes that define
an enterprise and its interrelationships. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Entity\
A person, place, thing, or concept that has characteristics of interest
to an enterprise.  [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Entity‑Relationship Diagram\
A diagram representing entity types and the relationships between them,
and certain properties of the relationship, especially its cardinality
and name. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Event State\
State where a safety event occurred (inspection, citation, accident or
any other safety event). [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Examination\
An investigation to determine whether a person is qualified to be
licensed to drive. It may include written, oral, and skills tests.

Exempt Motor Carrier\
A person engaged in transportation exempt from economic regulation by
the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) under 49 U.S.C. 10526.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Fatal Accident\
Any accident that results in one or more fatalities.

Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS)\
A database containing information related to fatal collisions.

Fatal Injury\
Any injury that results in death.

Fatality\
Any injury which results in the death of a person at the time of the
motor vehicle accident or within 30 days of the accident.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Federal Bridge Formula\
A formula specifying axle weights and axle spacing configurations that
can be accommodated by a given bridge. It was developed to prevent
overstressing of highway bridges, the element of highway infrastructure
most sensitive to structural damage.  [\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Federal Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (FHVUT)\
A federal tax assessed by the Federal Internal Revenue Service for all
vehicles over 55,000 pounds gross weight or combined gross weight. Proof
of payment is required for vehicle registration, except new vehicles
registered within 60 days. [\[34\]](#%5B34%5D)

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)\
An agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)\
The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act was signed into law on December
9, 1999. This act established a new FMCSA within the US DOT, effective
January 1, 2000. Prior to that, the motor carrier and highway safety
program was administered under the Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA).

The FMCSA's mission is to improve truck and commercial passenger carrier
safety on our nation's highways through information technology, targeted
enforcement, research and technology, outreach, and partnerships. The
FMCSA manages the ITS/CVO program, a voluntary effort involving public
and private partnerships that uses information systems, innovative
technologies, and business practice reengineering to improve safety,
simplify government administrative systems, and provide savings to
states and motor carriers. The FMCSA works closely with the FHWA's ITS
JPO to ensure the integration and interoperability of ITS/CVO systems
with the national ITS program.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR)\
Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, parts 325,383, 385, 387,
390‑399, deals with motor carrier safety regulations, including noise
emission standards, CDL, and safety regulations. These federal
regulations attempt to improve the safety of commercial vehicle
operations by reducing the incidence of mechanical defects and use of
unqualified drivers. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Federal Register\
The official public notice of government actions. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Federal Telecommunication System 2000 (FTS 2000)\
GSA initiative to create a new and improved private telecommunication
network capable of handling the new technological demands of the
upcoming century.

Federation of Tax Administrators (FTA)\
An organization representing and addressing issues of concern to state
tax administrators.

Felony\
An offense under state or federal law that is punishable by death or
imprisonment for a term exceeding one year. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Fifth Wheel\
A device mounted on a truck tractor or similar towing vehicle that
interfaces with and couples to the upper coupler assembly of a
semitrailer. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Fleet\
Under IRP, one or more apportionable vehicles. [\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

For Hire Motor Carrier\
A person engaged in the transportation of goods or passengers for
compensation. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

For Hire Vehicle\
A vehicle used to transport goods or passengers for compensation.

Freight\
Any commodity being transported.

Freight Forwarder\
An individual or company that accepts less‑than‑truckload (LTL) or
less‑than‑carload (LCL) shipments from shippers and combines them into
carload or truckload lots. Designated as a common carrier under the
Interstate Commerce Act.

Frontage Road\
A roadway generally paralleling an expressway, freeway, parkway, or
through street designed to intercept, collect and distribute traffic
desiring to cross, enter, or leave such facility and to furnish access
to property which otherwise would be isolated as a result of
controlled‑access features. The frontage road may be within the same
traffic way as the main roadway or in a separate traffic way.

Full Trailer\
A trailer, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying property and
so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon or is carried by
the towing road vehicle. An auxiliary undercarriage assembly -- commonly
known as a converted dolly and consisting of a chassis, fifth wheel, and
one or more tow bars -- is sometimes used to convert a semitrailer to a
full trailer.

Function\
A logical collection of processes within a business segment.
[\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

General Freight Carrier\
A carrier which handles a variety of commodities, typically in LTL
quantities and generally involves the use of terminal facilities to
break and consolidate shipments.

Geographical Information System (GIS)\
A computerized data management system designed to capture, store,
retrieve, analyze, and report geographic and demographic information.
[\[33\]](#%5B33%5D)

Global Positioning System (GPS)\
A government‑owned system of 24 earth orbiting satellites that transmit
data to ground‑based receivers. GPS provides extremely accurate latitude
and longitude ground positions in WGS‑84 coordinates.
[\[33\]](#%5B33%5D)

Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR)\
The value specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a
combination (articulated) vehicle. In the absence of a value specified
by the manufacturer, GCWR will be determined by adding the GVWR of the
power unit and the total weight of the towed unit and any load thereon.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)\
The maximum allowable fully laden weight of the vehicle and its payload.
The most common classification scheme used by manufacturers and by
states, often for both trucks and tractors. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)\
A value specified by the manufacturer for a single‑unit truck, track
tractor, or trailer, or gross combined weight rating the sum of such
values for the units which make up a truck combination. In the absence
of a gross vehicle weight rating, an estimate of the gross weight of a
fully loaded unit may be substituted for such a rating. The gross
vehicle weight rating of a truck combination may be called the gross
combination weight rating. [\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

Harmful Event\
Occurrence of injury or damage.

Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT or HM)\
A material or substance which has been determined by the Secretary of
Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health,
safety, and property when transported in commerce and has been so
designated. This includes radioactive material, explosives, and
poisonous materials. [\[9\]](#%5B9%5D)

Hazardous Material Transportation Act (HMTA)\
This act mandated 13 federal rule makings and studies to deal with areas
of concern, including routing of hazardous materials, changes in
placarding, training for hazardous material employees, motor carrier
registration and permitting and electronic data
interchange.  [\[9\]](#%5B9%5D)

Hazardous Material Transportation Uniform Safety Act (HMTUSA)\
An act, passed in 1990, which requires that certain carriers and
shippers engaged in the transportation of hazardous materials register
with the Secretary of Transportation. The Hazardous Material
Transportation Act (1974) extends the DOT's authority to regulate
hazardous materials. [\[9\]](#%5B9%5D)

Heavy Duty Truck\
Truck with a gross vehicle weight generally more than 19,500 pounds
(class 6‑8). Other minimum weights are used by various laws or
government agencies.

Heavy Straight Vehicle\
Any single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 or more pounds, or any such
vehicle towing a vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds GVWR.

Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate (HELP)\
A multi‑state, multi‑national program which was established to develop
and test the technologies for an integrated heavy vehicle monitoring and
management system.

Hours of Service (HOS)\
The hours of service that a driver has operated a vehicle.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)\
HTML is a simple language based on SGML suited for hypertext,
multimedia, and the display of small and reasonably simple documents.
SGML lets document makers describe their own grammar, and specify both
the tag set used in the document and the structural relationships those
tags represent. HTML applications are applications using a small set of
tags that conform to a single SGML specification thus limiting
extensibility, structure, and validation. [\[46\]](#%5B46%5D)

IFTA Audit\
A review of a carrier's records to verify fuel usage claims and other
data supplied on IFTA tax forms.

IFTA, Inc.\
A nonprofit corporation chartered for the purpose of providing
information, support, and training to carriers and public administrators
in implementing and operating under the provisions of the International
Fuel Tax Agreement for payment of fuel taxes by commercial motor
vehicles. [\[37\]](#%5B37%5D)

Internet\
The Internet is a world-wide network of computers, comprised of
thousands of smaller regional networks scattered across the globe. It is
now a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to
tens of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a
portion of the total resources of the currently existing public
telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet
is its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).

IRP Audit\
A review of a carrier's records to verify mileage figures and other data
supplied by the carrier as a basis for determining registration fees and
fee apportionment by IRP.

IRP, Inc.\
A nonprofit corporation chartered for the purpose of providing
information, support, and training to carriers and public administrators
in implementing and operating under the provisions of the International
Registration Plan for commercial motor vehicles. [\[37\]](#%5B37%5D)

Imminent Hazard\
Any condition of vehicle, employee or commercial motor vehicle operation
which is likely to result in serious injury or death if not discontinued
immediately. [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Incapacitating Injury\
Any injury, other than a fatal injury, which prevents the injured person
from walking, driving or normally continuing the activities the person
was capable of performing before the injury occurred.

Indicia\
Items issued by the Registration Agency which indicate\" registration
information has been gathered and appropriate fees paid. Indicia include
license plates, fuel stickers, cab cards, etc.  [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Injury\
Bodily harm to a person. This definition does not include effects of
diseases such as stroke, heart attack, diabetic coma, epileptic seizure,
and others.

Injury Accident\
Any road vehicle accident that results in one or more injuries.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)\
IEEE fosters development of standards within the full range of
electronics and electrical engineering areas.

Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)\
Maintains references on a variety of standards and guidelines affecting
the surface transportation industry.

Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITSA)\
A Federal Advisory Committee to advise the U.S. Department of
Transportation on the ITS program.

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)\
This act requires all states to participate in IFTA and IRP by September
30, 1996. Provides primary federal funding for highway programs in the
U.S. Contains IVHS Act of 1991 (Title VI, Part B).

International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA)\
A base state agreement among states for collecting and disbursing fuel
use tax.

International Registration Plan (IRP)\
A base state agreement, mandated by ISTEA, that provides for vehicle
registration reciprocity among member jurisdictions. Current members
include most states and Canada. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Interoperability\
The quality that describes different types of products or systems
cooperating to accomplish a shared function. For example, DSRC readers
and transponders are products that must interoperate to support various
roadside -- vehicle interactions. [\[42\]](#%5B42%5D)

Interstate Commerce\
Trade, traffic or transportation in the U.S. which is between a place in
a state and a place outside of such state or is between two places in a
state through another state.  [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)\
A commission with the authority to regulate the interstate motor carrier
industry by the Motor Carrier Act of 1935. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Interstate Highway\
A trafficway on the Interstate System.

Interstate Motor Carrier\
A motor carrier engaged in interstate commerce whose vehicle(s)
transports property or passengers between or through two or more states
or other jurisdictions (see "Jurisdiction"). [\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Interstate Operation\
Vehicle movement between or through two or more jurisdictions.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Intrastate Commerce\
Any trade, traffic or transportation in any state which is not in
interstate commerce.  [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Intrastate Motor Carrier\
A motor carrier whose vehicle(s) transports property or passengers from
one point within a jurisdiction to another point within the same
jurisdiction, excluding interstate movements.

Intrastate Operation\
Vehicle movement from one point within a jurisdiction to another point
within the same jurisdiction. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Junction\
Either an intersection or the connection between a driveway access and a
roadway other than a driveway access. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Jurisdiction\
Jurisdiction means a state territory, or possession of the United
States, the District of Columbia, or a state, province, or territory of
a country. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Lease\
A written document vesting exclusive possession, control of and
responsibility for the operation of a vehicle to a lessee for a specific
period of time. [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Less Than Truckload (LTL)\
A quantity of freight less than that required for the application of a
truckload rate. Usually less than 10,000 pounds.

Lessee\
A person, firm, or corporation which has the legal possession and
control of a vehicle owned by another under terms of a lease agreement.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Lessor\
A person, firm, or corporation which, under the terms of a lease, grants
the legal right of possession, control of, and responsibility for the
operations of the vehicle to another person, firm, or corporation.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Licensing Application Migration Project (LAMP)\
Combines vehicle database and driver's license database.
[\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Light Trucks\
Trucks under 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (e.g., pickups,
vans, truck‑based station wagons, and multi‑purpose vehicles).

Long-Term Lease\
A lease written for a period exceeding 29 consecutive days.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Mainline Automated Clearance System (MACS)\
A demonstration project that allows transponder‑equipped trucks to
travel the entire length of I‑75 and Highway 401 at mainline speeds with
no more than one stop at an inspection station and still verifying
weight compliance and credential status. It is part of Advantage I‑75.
[\[5\]](#%5B5%5D)

Median\
The portion of a divided highway or guideway that separates the opposing
flows of traffic. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Medium and Heavy Trucks\
Trucks over 10,000 pounds GVWR, including single‑unit trucks,
tractor‑trailer combinations, trucks with cargo trailer(s), and
truck‑tractors pulling no trailer.

Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)\
The organization designated by the governor and local elected officials
as responsible, together with the state, for transportation planning in
an urbanized area. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Motor Carrier\
A person (an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business
trust, or any other organized group of individuals) who is responsible
for the safety fitness of a commercial motor vehicle engaged in commerce
on roads and highways. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS)\
A central repository of comprehensive safety data on interstate motor
carriers maintained by the FHWA OMC.

Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP)\
A program established to get potentially unsafe drivers and imminently
hazardous vehicles off the road by increasing the level of safety
enforcement activity.

Motor Vehicle\
Any vehicle, machine, tractor, trailer, or semitrailer propelled or
drawn by mechanical power and used upon the highways in the
transportation of passengers or property.

Motorist\
Any occupant of a motor vehicle in transport.

Multi‑Jurisdictional Oversize and Overweight Organization\
An organization of 10 states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) that promotes
standard oversize weight permitting and enforcement. [\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Namespaces\
"XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying element and
attribute names used in Extensible Markup Language documents by
associating them with namespaces identified by URI references."
[\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)\
A program established by AASHTO to provide a mechanism for a national
coordination program of cooperative research employing modern scientific
techniques.  [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

National Driver Register (NDR)\
A national repository of state submitted data about adverse actions
applied to a driver's record. Updated information is returned to the
states.

National Governors' Association (NGA)\
An organization whose members are the governors of each state in the
United States of America. It serves as a vehicle through which governors
influence the development and implementation of national transportation
policy. [\[26\]](#%5B26%5D)

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)\
A branch of the U.S. Department of Transportation responsible for
overseeing and improving safety and standards in the United States.

National Incident Management Coalition (NIMC)\
A program created to serve as a focus for consensus building, and for
promotion and wider implementation of incident management programs.

National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS)\
A store and forward computer controlled message switching system which
links together state, local and federal law enforcement and criminal
justice agencies for the purposes of information exchange.
[\[10\]](#%5B10%5D)

National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS)\
An information system allowing users to check the validity, and status
of title documents, check vehicles titled in other jurisdictions, check
salvage and junk vehicles, review odometer readings and review
information reported by salvage yards and insurance companies. The
system is being developed to support the requirements of the Anti‑Car
Theft Act of 1992 and must be operational by 1 January 1996.
[\[38\]](#%5B38%5D)

National Private Truck Council (NPTC)\
An association of corporations that operate their own trucking fleets.
 \[28\]

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)\
An independent agency of the Federal Government whose responsibilities
include investigating transportation accidents and conducting studies,
and making recommendations on transportation safety measures and
practices to government agencies, the transportation industry, and
others. [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

New England Transportation Consortium (NETC)\
A consortium of New England States including Maine, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Vermont which enables carriers moving
oversize and overweight vehicles to obtain one permit for travel in all
states participating in the NETC. [\[13\]](#%5B13%5D)

Non‑Regulated Trucking\
A carrier that is exempt from economic regulation, e.g., exempt
agricultural shipments.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)\
An agreement establishing a free trade area between Canada, Mexico, and
the United States, which provides for the phase out of restrictions on
cross‑border land transportation services.  [\[27\]](#%5B27%5D)

Notice Of Investigation (NOI)\
Notice to a respondent (motor carrier) that the FHWA has discovered
safety regulation violations that may require a compliance order and/or
a monetary penalty. [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Occupant\
Any person who is part of a transport vehicle.

Office of Motor Carriers (OMC)\
A division of the U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT) Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA) responsible for issues concerning the
nation's motor carrier industry and is organized as follows:

-   *Headquarters* -- OMC's main office is at the USDOT building in
    Washington, D.C.

-   *Regional* -- There are nine OMC regions in the United States.
    Regional offices report to headquarters.

-   *Division* -- Each State has a division office that works closely
    with state motor carrier safety and registration officials. Division
    offices report to the Regional offices. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST)\
An agency responsible for providing policy development and program
oversight as well as coordination among various DOT agencies. OST is
also responsible for reviewing proposed budgets, evaluation, legal
issues, and initiating research. [\[14\]](#%5B14%5D)

On‑Board Computer (OBC)\
Special purpose microcomputers that are attached to sensors that record
vehicle and driver attributes.

On‑Board Safety Monitoring\
The systems that provide for sensing the safety status of a vehicle,
cargo, and driver at mainline speeds.

On‑Duty Time\
On‑duty time starts when the driver begins work or must be ready for
work and ends when the driver is relieved of all responsibility. On‑duty
time includes all time spent driving, loading and unloading, preparing
accident reports and attending to the operation of a vehicle. It also
includes meals and coffee breaks. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

One‑Stop Shopping\
Refers to the ability to obtain all required tax and regulatory
credentials from a single source.

Operating Authority\
Specifies the products a carrier may haul and where it may haul them.
The legal permission required by a carrier to haul goods from one point
to another. [\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Operating Expenses\
The costs of handling traffic, including both direct costs, e.g., driver
wages and fuel, and indirect costs, e.g., computer expenses and
advertising, but excluding the interest expense.

Operations Out of Service Order\
The official document or declaration used by FHWA or state enforcement
officials to order a motor carrier, driver or vehicle to cease
operations for imminent hazard conditions. [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Operator\
With respect to motor vehicles, every person, other than a chauffeur,
who is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a highway.

Other U.S. Route Numbered Highway\
A traffic way numbered by the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), but not an interstate highway.

Out of Service Driver (OOSD)\
A driver who can no longer operate a vehicle because of being on duty
over the maximum periods permitted by the Code of Federal Regulations.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Out of Service Vehicle (OOSV)\
A vehicle which cannot be operated because the vehicle is in such a
condition as to likely cause an accident or breakdown. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Out of Service Violation\
Any violation of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations which
results in a vehicle out of service condition. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Oversize/Overweight Permit\
A special permit that is issued for vehicles operating outside the
statutory limits set for size and weight.

Overturning Accident\
A road vehicle accident in which the first harmful event is the
overturning of a road vehicle.

Owner\
The entity listed as the owner of a vehicle. [\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

Owner‑Operator Independent Driver Association (OOIDA)\
A national trades association that serves the interest of independent
owner/operators.  [\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Owner/Operator\
An equipment lessor who leases his vehicular equipment with driver to a
carrier.  [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Passenger\
Any occupant of a road vehicle other than its driver.

Piggyback\
The transportation of highway trailers or removable trailer bodies on
rail cars specifically equipped for the service. It is essentially a
joint carrier movement in which the motor carrier forms a pickup and
delivery operation to a rail terminal, as well as a delivery operation
at the terminating railhead.

Port of Entry (POE)\
A roadside site used to monitor and regulate trucks using state highways
with respect to weight, size, safety and possibly weight distance
taxation. [\[15\]](#%5B15%5D)

Port of Entry Advanced Sorting System (PASS)\
An operational test of WIM, AVI, AVC, OBC, and two way communication
systems to pre‑clear trucks on mainline I‑5 at Ashland (Oregon) port of
entry.

Possible Injury\
Any injury reported or claimed which is not a fatal injury,
incapacitating injury or nonincapacitating evident injury.

Power Unit\
The control and pulling vehicle for trailers or semitrailers.

Pre‑Trip Travel Information\
A user service that will provide travelers with information before their
departure and before the mode choice is made.

Principal Place of Business\
A single location designated by the motor carrier, normally its
headquarters, where records will be maintained. [\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Private Carrier\
A person, firm, or corporation which uses its own trucks to transport
its own freight.  [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Problem Driver Pointer System (PDPS)\
A central repository of information regarding problem drivers throughout
the country. Its primary function is to support the driving license
issuing process.

Process\
A repetitive, well‑defined set of logical tasks that support one
function, can be defined in terms of inputs and outputs, and have a
definable beginning and end. Processes can be decomposed into processes
and are triggered by an event and carried out by a business segment to
achieve a stated purpose. A low‑level process may be replicated across
the business segment. [\[32\]](#%5B32%5D)

Profile (see Report)

Public Service Commission (PSC)\
A state agency whose responsibilities include regulation of for‑hire
(public and private) carriers of passengers and goods within a state.
[\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Public Utility Commission (PUC)\
A state agency whose responsibilities include regulation of for‑hire
(public and private) carriers of passengers and goods within a state.
[\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Radio Determination AVL\
Radio determination AVL uses radio signals to measure the distance
between a truck and two or more known points; location is calculated by
triangulation. Government radio determination systems use one‑way radio
signals:  the Loran‑C system transmits from a network of ground
towers:  and the NavStar Global Positioning system (GPS) uses a network
of satellites. Trucks can be equipped with receivers and computers to
decode the signals and calculate location, or data can be transmitted to
a central computer for processing. Vehicle tracking can be continuous or
intermittent. Loran‑C is accurate within several thousand feet and GPS
within several hundred feet. Location information can be stored onboard
or transmitted to the fleet office. [\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Ramp\
An auxiliary roadway used for entering or exiting mainline highway
facilities.

Recap\
Under the IRP, states collect and submit "recap" information to the IRP
Clearinghouse. A recap provides information from IRP applications and
supplements including name, address, identifiers, miles registered by
the carrier for each jurisdiction, vehicle and registration specific
information, weight registered and fee collected for each vehicle for
each jurisdiction.

Reciprocity Agreements\
Agreements between states allowing for the reciprocal granting of
equivalent rights and/or privileges to properly credentialed vehicles.
[\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Regional Automated Permit Processing (RAPP)\
Pilot project which generated a central shared database enabling
participating states to track permits and check credentials.
[\[29\]](#%5B29%5D)

Regional Fuel Tax Agreement (RFTA)\
A base state agreement entered by Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire to
administer interstate fuel tax.

Registered Weight\
The weight for which a vehicle is licensed or registered within a
particular jurisdiction.  [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Registrant\
A person, firm, or corporation in whose name or names a vehicle is
properly registered.  [\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Registration Agency\
A governmental organization which gathers registration information,
collects registration fees and issues indicia (plates, stickers, cab
cards, etc.) for commercial motor vehicles.

Registration State\
A state in which a motor carrier has registered its vehicles for
operation. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Regulated Motor Carrier\
A carrier subject to economic regulation by the Interstate Commerce
Commission.

Reinstatement\
Restoration of driving privilege or credential following suspension or
upon renewal after expiration (within the grace period).

Remittance Netting\
Each month, the IRP Clearinghouse summarizes the recaps submitted to
determine fees collected on behalf of one jurisdiction for another. The
"remittance netting" report, prepared for each member jurisdiction,
shows to which jurisdictions the member owes fees and from which other
jurisdictions the member is due fees.

Report (formerly profile)\
A more detailed expansion of the information in a snapshot. A report
provides the same kind of information as in a snapshot, but at a more
detailed level (e.g., specific inspection data, accident records, and
events).

Research and Special Program Administration (RSPA)\
An agency responsible for developing and researching transportation
system approaches and technologies with intermodal impacts, including
the development and implementation of telecommunication and radio
navigation policy. [\[14\]](#%5B14%5D)

Resource Description Framework (RDF)\
"Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a foundation for processing
metadata; it provides interoperability between applications that
exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. RDF emphasizes
facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources... The RDF
integrates a variety of web-based metadata activities including
sitemaps, content ratings, stream channel definitions, search engine
data collection (web crawling), digital library collections, and
distributed authoring, using XML as an interchange
syntax."  [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

Revocation\
In most jurisdictions, revocation of a credential terminates the
privileges granted by that credential. At the end of a specified
revocation period, reapplication for the credential is usually allowed.

Road\
That part of a traffic way which includes both the roadway and any
shoulder alongside the roadway.

Roadside\
The part of the traffic way between the outer edge of the shoulder and
the edge of the traffic way; off the road, but inside the traffic way
and not part of the median.

Roadside Inspection\
An inspection of a commercial vehicle or driver that occurs at the
roadside.

Roadside Operations Computer (ROC)\
A computer system used to perform the functions of electronic screening
at either a fixed or mobile roadside station. [\[39\]](#%5B39%5D)

Roadway\
That part of a traffic way designed, improved, and ordinarily used for
motor vehicle travel or, where various classes of motor vehicles are
segregated, that part of a traffic way used by a particular class.
Separate roadways may be provided for northbound and southbound traffic
or for trucks and automobiles. Bridle paths and bicycle paths are not
included in this definition.  [\[3\]](#%5B3%5D)

Rocky Mountain Double\
A combination vehicle consisting of a tractor, a 45‑ to 48‑foot
semitrailer, and a shorter 28‑foot semitrailer.

Rural Area\
Any area not within urban areas.

SAFETYNET\
A distributed system for managing safety data on both interstate and
intrastate motor carriers and for the federal and state offices to
electronically exchange data on interstate carriers with MCMIS.

Safety State\
The state of the motor carrier's principal place of business for safety
as indicated on the MCS‑150 form. This is the place where safety records
are maintained. [\[25\]](#%5B25%5D)

Safety and Fitness Electronic Records (SAFER)\
An on‑line system that will be available to users over a nationwide data
network which will return a standard carrier safety fitness record to
the requester within a few seconds. [\[31\]](#%5B31%5D)

Safety Status (SafeStat)\
A summary measure of a motor carrier's safety performance and history.

Screening\
The process of using historical and sensor information to determine
whether to allow a vehicle to continue down the road.

Selective Compliance Enforcement (SCE)\
A program used by FHWA to prioritize carriers for participation in
compliance reviews based on commodity transported, annual carrier
mileage, months since last review, vehicle OOS rate, driver out of
service rate, preventable recordable accident rate, and general safety
fitness rating. [\[18\]](#%5B18%5D)

Semitrailer\
A trailer, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying property and
so constructed that part of its weight rests upon or is carried by the
towing road vehicle. A truck trailer equipped with one or more axles and
constructed so that the front end rests upon a truck tractor.

Shared Road\
Any bikeway that is part of a roadway, but not a bicycle lane.

Shoulder\
That part of a traffic way contiguous with the roadway for emergency
use, for accommodation of stopped road vehicles, and for lateral support
of the roadway structure.

Single State Registration System (SSRS)\
A base state agreement for administering operating authority.

Smart Card\
Plastic cards with an embedded integrated circuit chip containing memory
and microprocessor.

Snapshot (also see Report)\
A condensed collection of safety and summary level information
pertaining to:  who a carrier is, where the carrier is based, his basic
type of operation, and the carrier's safety rating and safety record.

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)\
A society which advances international standards pertaining to the
automotive manufacturing industry.

Southern Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(SASHTO)\
An organization started in 1993 to adopt a multi‑state
oversize/overweight agreement for its member states.

Specialized Carrier\
A trucking company franchised to transport articles that because of
size, shape, weight, or other inherent characteristics, require special
equipment for loading, unloading or transporting.

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)\
SGML is an international standard (ISO 8879) for defining descriptions
of the structure and content of different types of electronic documents.
XML is a simplified subset of SGML facilities designed to enable the use
of SGML on the World Wide Web.

State Entry Beacon (SEB)\
A fixed position controller, also called a reader, its associated
transmit and receive antennas, modulation/demodulation hardware and
software which are located at the state border. [\[20\]](#%5B20%5D)

State Route Numbered Highway\
A traffic way within a state traffic way system, but not an interstate
highway or other U.S. route numbered highway.

State of Domicile\
The state in which a carrier maintains its headquarters.

Straight Truck\
A vehicle with its cargo body and tractor mounted on the same chassis.

Tag Number\
A vehicle's license plate number, including state, of a vehicle.

Tank Vehicle\
Any commercial motor vehicle that is designed to transport any liquid or
gaseous materials within a tank that is either permanently or
temporarily attached to the vehicle or the chassis. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Technical Performance Measure\
A quantitative expressing some measurable, technical characteristic of a
system which is the key to the effectiveness of the system.

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)\
An industry organization that promotes telecommunications standards.

Temporary Trip Permit\
Temporary travel permits, valid for two to ten days, allowing a vehicle
to travel in a jurisdiction where a carrier does not have a permanent
registration permit.

Third Structure Tax\
Any tax on road users other than registration fees or fuel taxes. See,
for example, ton‑mile tax and weight‑distance tax.

Ton Mile Tax\
A per‑mile tax, calculated by determining the ratio of actual vehicle
gross weight to the sum of actual miles traveled at that weight. A
weight distance tax, which is similar, bases the tax on registered
(instead of actual) gross vehicle weight. [\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

Total Distance\
For IRP, the total number of miles operated by a fleet of proportionally
registered vehicles in all jurisdictions during the preceding year.
[\[22\]](#%5B22%5D)

Tractor\
A self‑propelled motor vehicle designed and/or used primarily for
drawing other vehicles. [\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Tractor Semitrailer\
A combination vehicle consisting of a power unit (tractor) and a
semitrailer.

Traffic Unit\
A road vehicle or a pedestrian.

Trailer\
A road vehicle designed to be drawn by another road vehicle.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Transmittals\
Carriers file quarterly IFTA tax returns. Member jurisdictions submit
"transmittals" to the IFTA Clearinghouse that report information from
the tax returns. Members can then review the tax return data applicable
to their jurisdiction.

Transparent Borders\
The ability of commercial vehicles to travel unimpeded across state
borders.

Transponder\
An electronic tag carried by a motor vehicle that has electronically
stored information that can be retrieved by a roadside reader.

Transportation Computer Center (TCC)\
Houses the mainframe computer system used by the Department of
Transportation. MCMIS resides on this mainframe. [\[19\]](#%5B19%5D)

Transportation Operation Coordination Committee (TOCM)\
A group of 15 transportation and public safety agencies that manages
regional traffic for heavily traveled New York/New Jersey/Connecticut
corridor.

Transportation Research Board (TRB)\
Under direction of National Academy of Science's National Research
council, it stimulates, correlates and makes known the findings of
transportation research.

Trip\
The period during which a vehicle is continuously travelling from its
point of origin to its destination. The vehicle may stop for short
periods during the trip without causing discontinuation of the trip if
no change occurs in the loaded weight.

Trip Ticket\
An electronic ticket stored on the transponder which contains trip
related information such as the carrier, vehicle, driver and transponder
IDs, commodity code, weight measurements, date/time/location and results
of last clearance event. The trip ticket is transmitted during DSRC
between vehicle and roadside reader equipment.

Truck\
A motor vehicle designed to carry an entire load. It may consist of a
chassis and body, a chassis, cab and body, or it may be of integral
construction so that the body and chassis form a single unit.

Truck Combination\
A truck consisting primarily of a transport device which is a
single‑unit truck or truck tractor with one or more attached trailers.

Truck Tonnage\
The weight of freight, measured in tons, transported by a truck.

Truck Tractor\
A motor vehicle consisting of a single motorized transport device
designed primarily for drawing trailers.

Truckload\
Quantity of freight required to fill a truck. When used in connection
with freight rates, the quantity of freight necessary to qualify a
shipment for a truckload rate, usually over 10,000 pounds.

Turnpike Double\
A combination vehicle consisting of a tractor and two trailers of 45 to
48 feet.

Twin Trailer\
A short semitrailer (under 29') designed to be operated as part of a
combination vehicle with a tandem trailer of similar length.

Unified Carrier Register\
A national system that will allow for registering carriers and issuing
US DOT numbers. It will maintain census information on carriers that are
authorized to operate in the United States. The concept for this system
is being developed. The UCR is intended to replace the current systems
used for assigning DOT numbers, assigning ICC numbers, implementing the
Single State Registration System (SSRS), and tracking financial
responsibility.

Unladen Vehicle Weight\
The weight of a vehicle fully equipped for service, not including the
weight of its payload.

Unrated Carrier\
A motor carrier without an assigned safety rating from the FHWA.
[\[2\]](#%5B2%5D)

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)\
A unique combination of alphanumeric characters affixed to one vehicle
in specific locations and formulated by the manufacturer.
[\[21\]](#%5B21%5D)

Vehicle Information System for Tax Apportionment (VISTA)\
A software system developed by Lockheed Information Management Systems
for calculating transactions among states based on reporting by
carriers.

Vehicle Title Information Exchange (VTIE)\
A system to enable the exchange of title information about specific
vehicles to verify that titles are valid and detect altered or
fraudulent documents. [\[6\]](#%5B6%5D)

Vehicle to Roadside Communication (VRC)\
A means to deliver messages between moving vehicles randomly entering a
communications zone and a fixed roadway infrastructure for both wide
area communication and large based applications. [\[20\]](#%5B20%5D)

Verification\
The process of checking the true, current status with the single,
designated authoritative source.

Vehicle‑Mile\
A measurement of the total miles traveled by all vehicles in an area.
Generally applied to intercity movements only.

Violation\
A violation of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations assigned to
a vehicle as part of an inspection.

Washington Trucking Association (WTA)\
A non‑profit trade association in existence since 1922. It consists of
fourteen hundred members from common carriers, private carriers, movers,
logging truckers, bulk carriers, heavy haul carriers, and suppliers.
[\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Weigh‑In‑Motion (WIM)\
Measures dynamic axle weight at highway or slower speeds.
Weigh‑In‑Motion refers to various technologies that enable vehicle
weights to be determined without the need for a vehicle to physically
stop on a scale.

Weight‑Distance Tax\
A tax based on a tax rate for the number of miles traveled and the
weight of the vehicle. Total tax liability is calculated by multiplying
the tax rate for the weight times miles traveled.

Western Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(WASHTO)\
A consortium of 17 states chartered primarily to provide uniform
formulation and administration of size and weight regulations.
[\[28\]](#%5B28%5D)

Western Regional Agreement (WRA)\
An agreement among several western states that allows a motor carrier to
purchase a single trip permit for a moderate oversize or overweight
load. This permit is valid in any of the participating states.
[\[16\]](#%5B16%5D)

World Wide Web (WWW)\
The World Wide Web is the most widely used part of the Internet. Its
outstanding feature is the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), a method
of instant cross-referencing. In most Web sites, certain words or
phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest; often this
text is also underlined -- clicking on these words/phrases transfers the
user to relevant sites. The Web refers to a body of information -- an
abstract space of "pages" and links to pages accessible via the
Internet, while the Internet refers to the physical side of the global
network.

X12\
The Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12 was chartered by ANSI in
1979 to develop uniform standards for interindustry electronic
interchange of business transactions -- electronic data interchange
(EDI). ASC X12 develops, maintains, interprets, publishes and promotes
the proper use of American National and UN/EDIFACT International EDI
Standards. The EDI standards streamline business transactions by
establishing a common, uniform business language for computers to
communicate across town or around the world. With more than 275
transactions sets, X12 standards can be used to electronically conduct
nearly every facet of business-to-business operations. The X12 standard
development process involves negotiation and consensus building,
resulting in approval and publication of Draft Standards for Trial Use
and American National Standards. The committee maintains current
standards, proposes new standards and embraces new ideas. The result of
the ASC X12 committee's efforts are the ANSI X12 standards.
[\[44\]](#%5B44%5D)

XML Base\
XML Base is "a facility, similar to that of HTML BASE, for defining base
URIs for parts of XML documents. One of the stated requirements on XLink
is to support HTML linking constructs in a generic way... XML Base is "a
mechanism for providing base URI services to XLink, but as a modular
specification so that other XML applications benefiting from additional
control over relative URIs but not built upon XLink can also make use of
it." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

XML Linking Language (Xlink)\
"The XML Linking Language (Xlink) allows elements to be inserted into
XML documents in order to create and describe links between resources.
It uses XML syntax to create structures that can describe the simple
unidirectional hyperlinks of today's HTML, as well as more sophisticated
links." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

XLM Pointer Language (XPointer)\
XML Pointer Language (XPointer) is "the language to be used as the basis
for a fragment identifier for any URI reference that locates a resource
of Internet media type text/xml or application/xml.

XPointer, which is based on the XML Path Language (XPath), supports
addressing into the internal structures of XML documents. It allows for
examination of a hierarchical document structure and choice of its
internal parts based on various properties, such as element types,
attribute values, character content, and relative position."
[\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

XML Query\
XML Query is a means "to provide flexible query facilities to extract
data from real and virtual documents on the Web, therefore finally
providing the needed interaction between the web world and the database
world. Ultimately, collections of XML files will be accessed like
databases." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

XML Schema\
"XML Schemas express shared vocabularies and allow machines to carry out
rules made by people. They provide a means for defining the structure,
content and semantics of XML documents."

"The purpose of a schema is to define and describe a class of XML
documents by using these constructs to constrain and document the
meaning, usage and relationships of their constituent parts:  datatypes,
elements and their content, attributes and their values, entities and
their contents and notations. Schema constructs may also provide for the
specification of implicit information such as default values. Schemas
document their own meaning, usage, and function. Thus, the XML schema
language can be used to define, describe and catalogue XML vocabularies
for classes of XML documents." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

XML Signature and Canonicalization\
"XML Signatures provide integrity, message authenication, and/or signer
authentication services for data of any type, whether located within the
XML that includes the signature or elsewhere... The XML Signature is a
method of associating a key with referenced data (octets); it does not
normatively specify how keys are associated with persons or
institutions, nor the meaning of the data being referenced and signed."
[\[45\]](#%5B45%5D) "Any XML document is part of a set of XML documents
that are logically equivalent within an application context, but which
vary in physical representation based on syntactic changes permitted by
XML 1.0 and Namespaces in XML. This specification describes a method for
generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML
document that accounts for the permissible changes. Except for
limitations regarding a few unusual cases, if two documents have the
same canonical form, then the two documents are logically equivalent
within the given application context. Note that two documents may have
differing canonical forms yet still be equivalent in a given context
based on application-specific equivalence rules for which no generalized
XML specification could account." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

Xpath\
"XPath is a language for addressing parts of an XML document, designed
to be used by both XSLT and XPointer." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

eXtensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML)\
"XHTML is a family of current and future document types and modules that
reproduce, subset, and extend HTML 4. XHTML family document types are
XML based and, ultimately, are designed to work in conjunction with
XML-based user agents." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)\
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML... Its goal is to
enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in
the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed for ease
of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML."
[\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)\
"XSL is a language for expressing stylesheets. It consists of two parts:

-   XSL Transformations (XSLT):  a language for transforming XML
    documents

-   An XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics (XSL
    Formatting Objects)

An XSL sylesheet specifies the presentation of a class of XML documents
by describing how an instance of the class is transformed into an XML
document that uses the formatting vocabulary." [\[45\]](#%5B45%5D)

This Page Intentionally Blank

**Document Comment and Evaluation Form (Optional)**

So that we may improve the usefulness of JHU/APL documents, you are
encouraged to comment on this report.

  ------------ -------------------------- ------------ -----------------------
                                                       

  Responding                              Applicable   
  Activity:                               Document:    

                                          Document\    
                                          Issue Date:  

                                          Date This\   
                                          Form         
                                          Prepared:    

                                                       
  ------------ -------------------------- ------------ -----------------------

This Page Intentionally Blank