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| # DIVISION 150                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **PROJECT REQUIREMENTS**                                              |
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## Section 151. --- MOBILIZATION

Description

**151.01** This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material,
and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before
beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the obtaining
of permits, insurance, and bonds.

Measurement

**151.02** Measure mobilization according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**151.03** The accepted quantity, measured as provided in Subsection
109.02, will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for
the Section 151 pay item shown in the bid schedule. Payment will be full
compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection
109.05.

Progress payments for mobilization lump sum will be paid as follows:

**(a)** Bond premiums will be reimbursed according to FAR Clause
52.232-5 Payments Under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts, after
receipt of the evidence of payment.

**(b)** When 5 percent of the original contract amount is earned from
other bid items, 50 percent of the mobilization item, or 5 percent of
the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

**(c)** When 10 percent of the original contract amount is earned from
other bid items, 100 percent of the mobilization item, or 10 percent of
the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

**(d)** Any portion of the mobilization item in excess of 10 percent of
the original contract amount will be paid after final acceptance.

## Section 152. --- CONSTRUCTION SURVEY AND STAKING

Description

**152.01** This work consists of furnishing qualified personnel and
necessary equipment and material to survey, stake, calculate, and record
data for the control of work. See FAR Clause 52.236-17 Layout of Work.

Personnel, equipment, and material shall conform to the following:

**(a) Personnel.** Furnish technically qualified survey crews
experienced in highway construction survey and staking. Provide
personnel capable of performing in a timely and accurate manner. An
acceptable crew supervisor shall be on the project whenever
surveying/staking is in progress.

**(b) Equipment.** Furnish survey instruments and supporting equipment
capable of achieving the specified tolerances.

**(c) Material.** Furnish acceptable tools, supplies, and stakes of the
type and quality normally used in highway survey work and suitable for
the intended use. Furnish stakes and hubs of sufficient length to
provide a solid set in the ground with sufficient surface area above
ground for necessary legible markings.

Construction Requirements

**152.02 General.** Include staking activities in the construction
schedule submitted according to Section 155. Include the dates and
sequence of each staking activity. The Government will set initial
reference lines, will set horizontal and vertical control points, and
will furnish the data for use in establishing control for completion of
each element of the work. Data relating to horizontal and vertical
alignment, theoretical slope stake catch points, and other design data
will be furnished.

Before beginning construction, notify the CO of any missing initial
reference lines, control points, or stakes. The Government will
reestablish initial reference lines, control points, and stakes missing
before the beginning of construction.

Perform additional calculations for convenient use of
Government-furnished data. Provide immediate notification of apparent
errors in the initial staking or in the furnished data.

Preserve all initial reference and control points. After beginning
construction, replace all destroyed or disturbed initial reference or
control points necessary to the work.

Before surveying or staking, discuss and coordinate the following with
the CO:

**(a)** Surveying and staking methods;

**(b)** Stake marking;

**(c)** Grade control for courses of material;

**(d)** Referencing;

**(e)** Structure control; and

**(f)** Any other procedures and controls necessary for the work.

Survey and establish controls within the tolerances shown in Table
152-1.

Prepare field notes in an approved format. Furnish all survey notes at
least weekly. All field notes and supporting documentation become the
property of the Government upon completion of the work.

Start work only after staking for the affected work is accepted.

The construction survey and staking work may be spot-checked for
accuracy, and unacceptable portions of work may be rejected. Resurvey
rejected work, and correct work that is not within the tolerances
specified in Table 152-1. Acceptance of the construction staking does
not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for correcting errors
discovered during the work and for bearing all additional costs
associated with the error.

Remove and dispose of all flagging, lath, stakes, and other staking
material after the project is complete.

**152.03 Survey and Staking Requirements.** Perform all survey, staking,
recording of data, and calculations as necessary to construct the
project from the initial layout to final completion. Reset stakes as
many times as necessary to construct the work.

**(a) Control points.** Relocate initial horizontal and vertical control
points in conflict with construction to areas that will not be disturbed
by construction operations. Furnish the coordinates and elevations for
the relocated points before the initial points are disturbed.

**(b) Roadway cross-sections.** Take roadway cross-sections normal to
centerline. When the centerline curve radius is less than or equal to
150 meters, take cross-sections at a maximum centerline spacing of 10
meters. When the centerline curve radius is greater than 150 meters,
take cross-sections at a maximum centerline spacing of 20 meters. Take
additional cross-sections at significant breaks in topography and at
changes in the typical section. Along each cross-section, measure and
record points at breaks in topography, but no further apart than 5
meters. Measure and record points to at least the anticipated slope
stake and reference locations. Reduce all cross-section distances to
horizontal distances from centerline.

**(c) Slope stakes and references.** Set slope stakes and references on
both sides of centerline at the cross-section locations. Establish slope
stakes in the field as the actual point of intersection of the design
roadway slope with the natural ground line. Set slope stake references
outside the clearing limits. Include all reference point and slope stake
information on the reference stakes. When initial references are
provided, slope stakes may be set from these points with verification of
the slope stake location with field measurements. Recatch slope stakes
on any section that does not match the staking report within the
tolerances established in Table 152-1. Take roadway cross-section data
between centerline and the new slope stake location. Set additional
references even when initial references are provided.

**(d) Clearing and grubbing limits.** Set clearing and grubbing limits
on both sides of centerline at roadway cross-section locations.

**(e) Centerline reestablishment.** Reestablish centerline from
instrument control points. The maximum spacing between centerline points
is 10 meters when the centerline curve radius is less than or equal to
150 meters. When the centerline curve radius is greater than 150 meters,
the maximum distance between centerline points is 20 meters.

**(f) Grade finishing stakes.** Set grade finishing stakes, for grade
elevations and horizontal alignment, on centerline and on each shoulder
at roadway cross-section locations. Set stakes at the top of subgrade
and the top of each aggregate course.

Where turnouts are constructed, set stakes on centerline, on each normal
shoulder, and on the shoulder of the turnout. In parking areas, set hubs
at the center and along the edges of the parking area. Set stakes in all
ditches to be paved.

The maximum longitudinal spacing between stakes is 10 meters when the
centerline curve radius is less than or equal to 150 meters. When the
centerline curve radius is greater than 150 meters, the maximum
longitudinal spacing between stakes is 20 meters. The maximum transverse
spacing between stakes is 5 meters. Use brushes or guard stakes at each
stake.

**(g) Culverts.** Stake culverts to fit field conditions. The location
of culverts may differ from the plans. Perform the following:

**(1)** Survey and record the ground profile along the culvert
centerline.

**(2)** Determine the slope catch points at the inlet and outlet.

**(3)** Set reference points and record information necessary to
determine culvert length and end treatments.

**(4)** Plot-to-scale the profile along the culvert centerline. Show the
natural ground, the flow line, the roadway section, and the culvert
including end treatments and other appurtenances. Show elevations,
grade, culvert length, and degree of elbow.

**(5)** Submit the plotted field-design cross-section for approval of
final culvert length and alignment.

**(6)** When the field design has been approved, set drainage structure
survey stakes, reference stakes, and stake inlet and outlet ditches to
make the structure functional.

**(7)** Stake or grade ditches to make the culvert functional.

**(h) Bridges.** Set adequate horizontal and vertical control and
reference points for all bridge substructure and superstructure
components. Establish and reference the bridge chord or the bridge
tangent. Also establish and reference the centerline of each pier, bent,
and abutment.

**(i) Retaining walls.** Survey and record profile measurements along
the face of the proposed wall and 2 meters in front of the wall face.
Every 5 meters along the length of the wall and at all major breaks in
terrain take cross-sections within the limits designated by the CO. For
each cross-section, measure and record points every 5 meters and at all
major breaks in terrain. Set adequate references and horizontal and
vertical control points.

**(j) Borrow and waste sites.** Perform the work essential for initial
layout and measurement of the borrow or waste site. Establish a
referenced baseline, site limits, and clearing limits. Survey and record
initial and final cross-sections.

**(k) Permanent monuments and markers.** Perform all survey and staking
necessary to establish permanent monuments and markers. Set permanent
monuments according to Section 621.

**(l) Miscellaneous survey and staking.** Perform all surveying,
staking, and recording of data essential for establishing the layout and
control of the following, as applicable:

**(1)** Approach roads and trails;

**(2)** Curb and gutter;

**(3)** Guardrail;

**(4)** Parking areas;

**(5)** Paved waterways;

**(6)** Special ditches;

**(7)** Turf establishment;

**(8)** Utilities;

**(9)** Signs, delineators, and object markers; and

**(10)** Pavement markings.

Table 152-1

Construction Survey and Staking Tolerances^(1)^

  -------------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------
  **Staking Phase**                            **Horizontal**   **Vertical**

  Existing Government network control points   ±20 mm           ±8
                                                                mm\*$\sqrt{K}$
                                                                ^(2)^

  Local supplemental control points set from   ±10 mm           ±3
  existing Government network points                            mm\*$\sqrt{N}$
                                                                ^(3)^

  Centerline points ^(4)^ --- (PC), (PT),      ±10 mm           ±10 mm
  (POT), and (POC) including references                         

  Other centerline points                      ±50 mm           ±50 mm

  Cross-section points and slope stakes ^(5)^  ±50 mm           ±50 mm

  Slope stake references ^(5)^                 ±50 mm           ±50 mm

  Culverts, ditches, and minor drainage        ±50 mm           ±20 mm
  structures                                                    

  Retaining walls and curb and gutter          ±20 mm           ±10 mm

  Bridge substructures                         ±10 mm ^(6)^     ±10 mm

  Bridge superstructures                       ±10 mm ^(6)^     ±10 mm

  Clearing and grubbing limits                 ±500 mm          ---

  Roadway subgrade finish stakes ^(7)^         ±50 mm           ±10 mm

  Roadway finish grade stakes ^(7)^            ±50 mm           ±10 mm
  -------------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------

\(1\) At 95% confidence level. Tolerances are relative to existing
Government network control points.

\(2\) K is the distance in kilometers.

\(3\) N is the number of instrument setups.

\(4\) Centerline points: PC - point of curve, PT - point of tangent,
POT - point on tangent, POC - point on curve.

\(5\) Take the cross-sections normal to the centerline ±1 degree.

\(6\) Bridge control is established as a local network and the
tolerances are relative to that network.

\(7\) Includes paved ditches.

**152.04 Acceptance.** Construction survey and staking will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**152.05** Measure the Section 152 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure grade finishing stakes one time for the subgrade and one time
for each aggregate course.

Do not measure resetting stakes.

For miscellaneous survey and staking paid by the hour, the minimum
survey crew size is 2 persons. Do not measure time spent in making
preparations, traveling to and from the project site, performing
calculations, plotting cross-sections and other data, processing
computer data, and other efforts necessary to successfully accomplish
construction survey and staking.

Payment

**152.06** The accepted quantities, as provided above, will be paid at
the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 152 pay items
listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the
work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Payment for lump sum items will be prorated based on the total work
completed.

## Section 153. --- CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL

Description

**153.01** This work consists of obtaining samples for Contractor
quality control testing, performing tests for Contractor quality
control, providing inspection, and exercising management control to
ensure that work conforms to the contract requirements. See FAR Clause
52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

Construction Requirements

**153.02 Contractor Quality Control Plan.** Before the start of the
work, submit a written quality control plan for acceptance. With prior
approval, submission of a quality control plan for items of work not
immediately scheduled to begin may be deferred.

Submit the following with the quality control plan:

**(a) Process control testing.** List the material to be tested by pay
item, tests to be conducted, the location of sampling, and the frequency
of testing.

**(b) Inspection/control procedures.** Address each of the following
subjects in each phase of construction:

**(1)** **Preparatory phase.**

*(a)* Review all contract requirements.

*(b)* Ensure compliance of component material to the contract
requirements.

*(c)* Coordinate all submittals including certifications.

*(d)* Ensure capability of equipment and personnel to comply with the
contract requirements.

*(e)* Ensure preliminary testing is accomplished.

*(f)* Coordinate surveying and staking of the work.

**(2)** **Start-up phase.**

*(a)* Review the contract requirements with personnel performing the
work.

*(b)* Inspect start-up of work.

*(c)* Establish standards of workmanship.

*(d)* Provide training as necessary.

*(e)* Establish detailed testing schedule based on the production
schedule.

**(3)** **Production phase.**

*(a)* Conduct intermittent or continuous inspection during construction
to identify and correct deficiencies.

*(b)* Inspect completed work before requesting Government inspection
acceptance.

*(c)* Provide feedback and system changes to prevent repeated
deficiencies.

**(c) Description of records.** List the records to be maintained.

**(d) Personnel qualifications.**

**(1)** Document the name, authority, relevant experience, and
qualifications of person with overall responsibility for the inspection
system.

**(2)** Document the names, authority, and relevant experience of all
personnel directly responsible for inspection and testing.

**(e) Subcontractors.** Include the work of all subcontractors. If a
subcontractor is to perform work under this Section, detail how that
subcontractor will interface with the Contractor\'s and other
subcontractor\'s organizations.

Modifications or additions may be required to any part of the plan that
is not adequately covered. Acceptance of the quality control plan will
be based on the inclusion of the required information. Acceptance does
not imply any warranty by the Government that the plan will result in
consistent contract compliance. It remains the responsibility of the
Contractor to demonstrate such compliance.

Do not begin the work until the quality control plan covering that work
is accepted.

Supplement the plan as work progresses and whenever quality control or
quality control personnel changes are made.

**153.03 Testing.** Perform testing according to the accepted quality
control plan. Keep laboratory facilities clean and maintain all
equipment in proper working condition. Allow unrestricted access for
inspection and review of the facility.

**153.04 Records.** Maintain complete testing and inspection records by
pay item number and make them accessible to the CO.

For each day of work, prepare an *\"Inspector\'s Daily Record of
Construction Operations\"* (Form FHWA 1413) or an approved alternate
form. Detail inspection results including deficiencies observed and
corrective actions taken. Include the following certification signed by
the person with overall responsibility for the inspection system:

\"It is hereby certified that the information contained in this record
is accurate and that all work documented herein complies with the
requirements of the contract. Any exceptions to this certification are
documented as a part of this record.\"

Submit the record and certification within one working day of the work
being performed. If the record is incomplete, in error, or otherwise
misleading, a copy of the record will be returned with corrections
noted. When chronic errors or omissions occur, correct the procedures by
which the records are produced.

Maintain linear control charts that identify the project number, pay
item number, test number, each test parameter, the upper and lower
specification limit applicable to each test parameter, and the test
results. Use the control charts as part of the quality control system to
document the variability of the process, to identify production and
equipment problems, and to identify potential pay factor adjustments.

Post control charts in an accessible location and keep them up-to-date.
Cease production and make corrections to the process when problems are
evident.

**153.05 Acceptance.** The Contractor\'s quality control system will be
evaluated under Subsection 106.02 based on the demonstrated ability of
the quality control system to result in work meeting the contract
requirements.

If the Government\'s testing and inspection indicate that the
Contractor\'s quality control system is ineffective, make immediate
improvements to the system to correct these inadequacies. Furnish
notification in writing of improvements and modifications to the system.

Measurement and Payment

**153.06** Do not measure Contractor quality control for payment.

## Section 154. --- CONTRACTOR SAMPLING AND TESTING

Description

**154.01** This work consists of obtaining samples for testing. When
there is a contract pay item for Contractor testing included in the bid
schedule, it also consists of testing and reporting required test
results. It does not include Contractor quality control testing required
under Section 153. However, include the work required under this Section
in the Section 153 quality control plan.

Construction Requirements

**154.02 Sampling.** Sample material to be tested according to the
Sampling and Testing Requirements tables included at the end of each
section. The sampling schedules and times will be provided by the CO
using a random number system. In addition, sample any material that
appears defective or inconsistent with similar material being produced
unless such material is voluntarily removed and replaced or corrected.

Sample and split samples according to AASHTO or other acceptable
procedures. Allow the CO the opportunity to witness all sampling.
Immediately perform splits when required. Deliver the Government's
portion of the sample or split sample in an acceptable container
suitable for shipment. Label all samples with the following information:

**(a)** Project number;

**(b)** Source of material;

**(c)** Pay item number;

**(d)** Sample number;

**(e)** Date sampled;

**(f)** Time sampled;

**(g)** Location sample taken;

**(h)** Name of person sampling;

**(i)** Name of person witnessing sampling; and

**(j)** Type of test required on sample.

**154.03 Testing.** When there is a contract pay item for Contractor
testing included in the bid schedule, perform all tests required by the
Sampling and Testing Requirements tables at the end of each section.
Allow the CO the opportunity to witness all testing. Testing of trial
samples may be required to demonstrate testing competence.

**154.04 Records.** Report test results on forms containing all sample
information required by Subsection 154.02. Label clearly all interim
measurements used to determine the results. Attach work sheets used to
determine test values to the test result forms when submitted. When
tests are on material being incorporated in the work, report test
results within 24 hours except as specified in the Sampling and Testing
Requirements tables. Payment for work may be delayed or the work
suspended until test results are provided.

**154.05 Acceptance.** Contractor sampling and testing will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04 based on Government verification
testing.

Measurement

**154.06** Measure the Section 154 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**154.07** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 154 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for Contractor testing will be paid as follows:

**(a)** 25 percent of the item amount, not to exceed 0.5 percent of the
original contract amount, will be paid after all the testing facilities
are in place, qualified sampling and testing personnel are identified,
and the work being tested has started.

**(b)** Payment for the remaining portion of the item amount will be
prorated based on the total work completed.

Payment for all or part of this item may be retained if Government
verification testing invalidates the Contractor testing.

## Section 155. --- SCHEDULES FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS

Description

**155.01** This work consists of scheduling and monitoring all
construction activities. See FAR Clause 52.236-15 Schedules for
Construction Contracts.

Construction Requirements

**155.02 General.** Submit 3 copies of a preliminary construction
schedule at least 7 days before the preconstruction conference.

A preliminary construction schedule is a written narrative with a
detailed breakdown of all contract activities for the first 45 days
after the notice to proceed is issued. Within 7 days after the
preconstruction conference, the preliminary construction schedule will
be accepted or rejected. If rejected, submit a revised schedule within 3
days. Do not begin work, except mobilization, traffic control, and
Section 637 work, without an accepted preliminary construction schedule.

Use either the Bar Chart Method (BCM) or the Critical Path Method (CPM)
described below to develop the construction schedule for the total
contract work. Preface each construction schedule as follows:

**(a)** Project name;

**(b)** Contract number;

**(c)** Contractor;

**(d)** Original contract time allowed or completion date;

**(e)** Type of construction schedule (initial or update);

**(f)** Effective date of the schedule;

**(g)** Percent work complete; and

**(h)** Percent time used.

Submit 3 copies of the construction schedule within 30 days after the
notice to proceed is issued. Allow 14 days for acceptance or rejection
of the construction schedule or a revised schedule. If rejected, submit
a revised schedule within 7 days. No progress payment will be made for
any work until a construction schedule is submitted to the CO and
accepted by the CO.

Do not show conflicts with any scheduled activities, limits on
operations, order of work requirements, interim or final completion
dates, or other contract restrictions.

Show completion of the work within the contract time.

**155.03 Bar Chart Method (BCM).** The BCM construction schedule
consists of a progress bar chart and a written narrative.

**(a) Progress bar chart.** The following applies to the initial
submission and all updates:

**(1)** Use a time scale to graphically show the percentage of work
scheduled for completion during the contract time.

**(2)** Define and relate activities to the contract pay items.

**(3)** Show all activities in the order the work is to be performed
including submittals, submittal reviews, fabrication, and delivery.

**(4)** Show all critical (major) activities that are controlling
factors in the completion of the work.

**(5)** Show the time needed to perform each activity and its
relationship in time to other activities.

**(6)** Show the total expected time to complete all work.

**(7)** Provide enough space for each activity to permit 2 additional
plots parallel to the original time span plot. Use one space for
revision of the planned time span, and one for showing actual time span
achieved.

**(b) Written narrative.** Furnish a written narrative of the activities
displayed in the progress bar chart.

**155.04 Critical Path Method (CPM).** The CPM construction schedule
consists of a diagram, a tabulated schedule, and a written narrative.

**(a) Diagram.** Use the *\"activity-on-arrow\"* format for the arrow
diagrams or the *\"activity-on-node\"* format for precedence diagrams.
The following applies to the initial submission and all updates:

**(1)** Use a time scale to graphically show the percent of work
scheduled for completion by any given date during the contract time.

**(2)** Define and relate activities to the contract pay items.

**(3)** Show the sequence and interdependence of all activities
including submittals, submittal reviews, fabrication, and deliveries.

**(4)** Show all activity nodes, activity descriptions, and durations.

**(5)** Show all network dummies (for arrow diagrams only).

**(6)** Identify the critical path.

**(b) Tabulated schedule.** The following requirements apply to the
tabulated schedule:

**(1)** For arrow diagrams, show activity beginning and ending node
numbers. For precedence diagrams, list activities and show lead or lag
times.

**(2)** Show activity durations.

**(3)** Show activity descriptions.

**(4)** Show early start and finish dates.

**(5)** Show late start and finish dates.

**(6)** Show status (critical or not).

**(7)** Show total float.

**(c) Written narrative.** Furnish a written narrative of the activities
displayed in the schedule diagram.

**155.05 Written Narrative.** The following applies to the written
narrative:

**(a)** Estimate starting and completion dates of each activity.

**(b)** Describe work to be done within each activity including the type
and quantity of equipment, labor, and material to be used.

**(c)** Describe the location on the project where each activity occurs.

**(d)** Describe planned production rates by pay item quantities (e.g.,
cubic meters of excavation per day/week).

**(e)** Describe work days per week, holidays, number of shifts per day,
and number of hours per shift.

**(f)** Estimate any periods during which an activity is idle or
partially idle. Show the beginning and end dates for reduced production
or idle time.

**(g)** Describe expected and critical delivery dates for equipment or
material that can affect timely completion of the project.

**(h)** Describe critical completion dates for maintaining the
construction schedule.

**(i)** Identify the vendor, supplier, or subcontractor to perform the
activity. State all assumptions made in the scheduling of the
subcontractor\'s or supplier\'s work.

**155.06 Schedule Updates.** Review the construction schedule to verify
finish dates of completed activities, remaining duration of uncompleted
activities, any proposed logic, and time estimate revisions. Keep the CO
informed of the current construction schedule and all logic changes.

Submit 3 copies of an updated construction schedule for acceptance at
least every 8 weeks or when:

**(a)** A delay occurs in the completion of a critical (major) activity;

**(b)** A delay occurs which causes a change in the critical path for
CPM schedules or a change in a critical activity for BCM schedules;

**(c)** The actual prosecution of the work is different from that
represented on the current construction schedule;

**(d)** There is an addition, deletion, or revision of activities caused
by a contract modification; or

**(e)** There is a change in the schedule logic.

Allow 7 days after receipt for acceptance of the updated construction
schedule or a return for revisions.

No progress payment will be made for any work until an updated
construction schedule has been submitted to, and accepted by, the CO.

**155.07 Acceptance.** Construction schedules will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**155.08** Measure the Section 155 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**155.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 155 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for construction schedule will be paid as follows:

**(a)** 25 percent of the item amount, not to exceed one percent of the
original contract amount, will be paid after the construction schedule
is accepted.

**(b)** Payment of the remaining portion of the lump sum will be
prorated based on the total work completed.

## Section 156. --- PUBLIC TRAFFIC

Description

**156.01** This work consists of controlling and protecting public
traffic adjacent to and within the project. See FAR Clause 52.236-13
Accident Prevention.

Material

**156.02** Conform to the following Section:

Temporary traffic control 635

Construction Requirements

**156.03 Accommodating Traffic During Work.** Accommodate traffic
according to the contract traffic control plan, MUTCD, Section 635, and
this Section. The Contractor may submit an alternate traffic control
proposal. Submit alternate traffic control proposals according to
Subsection 104.03 for acceptance at least 30 days before intended use.

Perform work in a manner that ensures the safety and convenience of the
public and protects the residents and property adjacent to the project.
Accommodate public traffic on roads adjacent to and within the project
until the project is accepted according to Subsection 106.07(b).

**156.04 Maintaining Roadways During Work.** Perform roadway maintenance
as follows:

**(a)** Construct and remove diversion roads and bridges as required by
the traffic control plan.

**(b)** Maintain intersections with trails, roads, streets, businesses,
parking lots, residences, garages, farms, and other features.

**(c)** Snow removal to facilitate the work is the Contractor's
responsibility. Snow removal to provide public access is the
responsibility of the maintaining agency and will be performed at the
maintaining agency's discretion. Allow the maintaining agency access to
perform snow removal.

**(d)** Maintain a dust-free traveled way such that visibility and air
quality are not affected and a hazardous condition is not created.

**(e)** Remove accumulations of soil and other material from traveled
way.

**(f)** Maintain the roadway, detours, and diversions in a safe and
acceptable condition. If corrective action is requested and the
corrective action is not taken immediately, the condition may be
corrected and the cost of the corrective action deducted from monies due
the Contractor.

**156.05 Maintaining Roadways During Non-Work Periods.** Maintain
roadways and traffic control for public traffic during all periods when
work is not in progress. Snow removal to provide public access is the
responsibility of the maintaining agency.

**156.06 Limitations on Construction Operations.** When the roadway is
open to public traffic, restrict operations as follows:

**(a)** Operate equipment in the direction of traffic, where practical.

**(b)** For shoulder drop-offs in excess of 50 millimeters, provide
*\"Low Shoulder\"* warning signs. For shoulder drop-offs in excess of
100 millimeters, provide a 1:3 fillet with *\"Low Shoulder\"* warning
signs. Complete the construction of shoulders adjacent to traffic lanes
to the same elevation within 14 days.

**(c)** Provide minimum lane widths of 3.0 meters. Use barricades,
drums, or other acceptable devices to delineate traffic lanes through
areas where the edge of pavement or intended path has been obliterated
by construction operations.

**(d)** Locate staging areas at least 10 meters from the traveled way or
behind acceptable traffic barriers. Obtain approval of the location and
access to staging areas. Store unused traffic control devices at staging
areas.

**(e)** Park equipment at least 10 meters from the traveled way or
behind acceptable traffic barriers.

**(f)** Provide parking areas for employees\' personal vehicles in
approved areas.

**(g)** Provide two-way radio communications between flaggers and also
between flaggers and pilot cars unless flaggers are able to see each
other and communicate. Citizen band radios are not acceptable. Make
radio equipment available to the CO as necessary.

**(h)** Where switching traffic to a completed lane, provide adequate
personnel and equipment to set or relocate traffic control devices.

**(i)** Limit construction-caused delays to public traffic to a maximum
of 30 minutes per passage through the project.

**(j)** Maintain existing guardrails, barriers, and bridge railings
until removal is necessary for construction. Use a temporary barrier or
appropriate channelizing devices while the guardrails and bridge rails
are absent. Install permanent barriers, guardrails, and bridge rails as
soon as possible to minimize risk to the public.

**156.07 Nighttime Operations.** Perform construction operations during
the hours of daylight (½ hour after sunrise to ½ hour before sunset).

Where night operations are permitted, submit a night lighting system for
approval. Include the light types, locations, and the manner in which
the lights will be moved. Submit the proposed system at least 14 days
before use. Use an independent source other than vehicle headlights. Do
not use incandescent lights. Furnish and install the approved system to
illuminate the entire work area. Position the lights so they do not
shine directly at motorists traveling from any direction. If the
operation is moving, move the lighting with the operation. Provide
lighting at each flagger location. Equip all vehicles with an exterior
flashing yellow dome light.

**156.08 Traffic and Safety Supervisor.** Provide a traffic and safety
supervisor who is certified by a State highway agency or other
acceptable certification program. Do not designate the superintendent as
the traffic safety supervisor. Furnish the traffic safety supervisor\'s
name, address, and 24-hour telephone number(s) at the preconstruction
conference. At all times during the contract, including periods of
suspensions and work stoppages, perform all of the following:

**(a)** Implement the traffic control plans.

**(b)** Coordinate traffic control operations, including those of
subcontractors and suppliers.

**(c)** Ensure the condition, position, and applicability of traffic
control devices in use.

**(d)** Immediately correct traffic control deficiencies.

**(e)** Coordinate traffic control maintenance operations with the CO.

**(f)** Ensure unused traffic control devices are properly handled and
stored.

**(g)** Conduct weekly traffic safety meetings for construction workers,
and invite the CO to these weekly meetings.

**(h)** Furnish a weekly certification that inspections and reviews were
conducted and that the traffic control devices meet contract
requirements. Include the number and types of devices in use. Report
with the weekly certification, all changes or corrective actions taken
to ensure the safe passage of public traffic through the project.

**156.09 Acceptance.** Public traffic work will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Traffic control devices and services will be evaluated under Section
635.

Measurement and Payment

**156.10** See Subsection 109.05.

Measure traffic control under Section 635.

Measure dust abatement under Section 158 or 306.

Measure diversion construction, required by the contract, under the
applicable Sections.

## Section 157. --- SOIL EROSION CONTROL

Description

**157.01** This work consists of furnishing, constructing, and
maintaining permanent and temporary erosion and sediment control
measures.

Material

**157.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03

Erosion control bales, wattles, logs, and rolls 713.13

Erosion control culvert pipe 713.15

Fertilizer 713.03

Geotextile 714.01

Mulch 713.05

Plastic lining 725.19

Riprap 251.02

Sandbags 713.14

Seed 713.04

Silt fence 713.16

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**157.03 General.** Provide permanent and temporary erosion control
measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after
construction according to the contract erosion control plan, contract
permits, Section 107, and this Section. Contract permits amend the
requirements of this Section. Do not modify the type, size, or location
of any control or practice without approval.

The contract erosion control plan reflects special concerns and measures
to protect resources. An alternate erosion control proposal, with all
necessary permits, may be submitted for acceptance according to
Subsection 104.03. Submit alternate erosion control proposals at least
30 days before their intended use.

When erosion control measures are not functioning as intended,
immediately take corrective action.

**157.04 Controls and Limitations on Work.** Before grubbing and
grading, construct all erosion controls around the perimeter of the
project including filter barriers, diversion, and settling structures.

Limit the combined grubbing and grading operations area to 30,000 square
meters of exposed soil at one time.

Construct erosion control and sediment control measures as follows:

**(a)** Construct temporary erosion controls in incremental stages as
construction proceeds.

**(b)** Construct temporary slope drains, diversion channels, and earth
berms to protect disturbed areas and slopes.

**(c)** Unless a specific seeding season is identified in the contract,
apply permanent turf establishment to the finished slopes and ditches
within 14 days according to Sections 624 and 625.

**(d)** Apply temporary turf establishment, mulch, or other approved
measures on disturbed areas within 14 days after the last disturbance
except where:

**(1)** The area will be disturbed within 21 days after last
disturbance.

**(2)** When initial stabilization is precluded by snow cover or by
seasonal arid conditions in arid or semi-arid areas (average annual
rainfall of 500 millimeters or less).

**(e)** Construct outlet protection as soon as culverts or other
structures are complete.

**(f)** Construct permanent erosion controls including waterway linings
and slope treatments as soon as practical or upon completion of the
roadbed.

**(g)** Construct and maintain erosion controls on and around soil
stockpiles to prevent soil loss.

**(h)** Following each day\'s grading operations, shape earthwork to
minimize and control erosion from storm runoff.

**157.05 Filter Barriers.** Construct silt fence, bales, wattles, logs,
rolls, and brush barriers for filtering sediment from runoff and
reducing the velocity of sheet flow. Conserve brush from clearing
operations to construct brush barriers.

**157.06 Sediment Retention Structures.** Construct sediment retention
structures of the following types:

**(a) Temporary sediment traps.** Construct temporary sediment traps to
detain runoff from disturbed areas and settle out sediment. Provide
outlet protection.

**(b) Sediment basins.** Construct sediment basins to store runoff and
settle out sediment for large drainage areas. Excavate and construct
sediment basins according to Section 204. Construct riser pipes
according to Section 602. Provide outlet protection.

**157.07 Outlet Protection.** Construct riprap aprons or basins to
reduce water velocity and prevent scour at the outlet of permanent and
temporary erosion control measures. Construct riprap according to
Section 251.

**157.08 Water Crossings.** Construct temporary culvert pipe at
temporary crossings where construction vehicles cross a live waterway.

**157.09 Diversions.** Construct temporary channels, temporary culverts,
earth berms, or sandbags to divert water around disturbed areas and
slopes. Use temporary channels, temporary culverts, pumps, sandbags, or
other methods to divert the flow of live streams for permanent culvert
installations and other work. Stabilize channels according to Subsection
157.10. Provide outlet protection.

**157.10 Waterway and Slope Protection and Stabilization.** Use plastic
lining, riprap, check dams, erosion control blankets and mats, and
temporary slope drains as follows:

**(a) Plastic lining.** Use plastic lining to protect underlying soil
from erosion. Place the plastic lining loosely on a smooth soil surface
free of projections or depressions that may cause the liner to puncture
or tear. Lap transverse joints a minimum of 1 meter in the direction of
flow. Do not use longitudinal joints. Anchor the lining in place using
riprap.

**(b) Riprap.** Construct riprap for channel lining according to Section
251.

**(c) Check dams.** Construct riprap, sandbags, or earth berms for
temporary dams to reduce the velocity of runoff in ditches and swales.

**(d) Rolled erosion control products.** Use rolled erosion control
products to stabilize waterways and slopes before or after temporary or
permanent seeding. Install according to Section 629.

**(e) Temporary slope drains.** Use drainpipe, riprap, or plastic lined
waterway for temporary slope drains to channel runoff down slopes.
Channel water into the slope drain with an earth berm constructed at the
top of a cut or fill. Anchor slope drains to the slope. Provide outlet
protection.

**157.11 Temporary Turf Establishment.** Apply seed, fertilizer, and
mulch for soil erosion protection at the rates shown in Table 157-1.
Protect and care for seeded areas, including watering, until permanent
turf establishment is in place.

Table 157-1

Application Rates for Temporary Turf Establishment

+---------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| **Material**                          | **Application Rate**         |
|                                       |                              |
|                                       | **kg/ha**                    |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Seed                                  | 40                           |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Fertilizer                            | 375                          |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Mulch                                 | 1500                         |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------------+

**157.12 Inspection and Reporting.** Inspect all erosion control
facilities at least every 7 days, within 24 hours after more than 10
millimeters of rain in a 24-hour period, and as required by the contract
permits.

Within 24 hours, furnish inspection reports to the CO which include all
of the following:

**(a)** Summary of the inspection;

**(b)** Names of personnel making the inspection;

**(c)** Date and time of inspection;

**(d)** Observations made; and

**(e)** Corrective action necessary, action taken, and date and time of
action.

**157.13 Maintenance and Cleanup.** Maintain temporary erosion control
measures in working condition until the project is complete or the
measures are no longer needed. Clean erosion control measures when half
full of sediment. Use the sediment in the work, if acceptable, or
dispose of it according to Subsection 204.14.

Replace erosion control measures that cannot be maintained and those
that are damaged by construction operations.

Remove and dispose of temporary erosion control measures when the
vegetation is satisfactorily established and drainage ditches and
channels are lined and stabilized. Remove and dispose of erosion control
measures according to Subsection 203.05.

Restore the ground to its natural or intended condition and provide
permanent erosion control measures.

**157.14 Acceptance.** Material for soil erosion control measures will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Construction, maintenance, and removal of soil erosion control measures
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Geotextile will be evaluated under Section 207.

Measurement

**157.15** Measure the Section 157 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Do not measure replacement items.

Measure temporary turf establishment by the hectare on the ground
surface. When measurement is by the kilogram, weigh the seed in
kilograms.

Measure excavation for diversion channels and sediment basins under
Section 204.

Measure riprap under Section 251.

Measure permanent paved waterways under Section 608.

Measure permanent slope paving under Section 616.

Measure topsoil under Section 624.

Measure permanent turf establishment under Section 625.

Measure rolled erosion control products under Section 629.

Payment

**157.16** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 157 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for erosion control measures will be made as follows:

**(a)** 50 percent of the unit bid price will be paid upon installation.

**(b)** An additional 25 percent of the unit bid price will be paid
following completion of 50 percent of the contract amount.

**(c)** Payment of the remaining portion of the unit bid price will be
paid when the temporary erosion control measures are removed from the
project.

## Section 158. --- WATERING FOR DUST CONTROL

Description

**158.01** This work consists of furnishing and applying water for the
control of dust caused by the work and public travel.

Material

**158.02** Conform to the following Subsection:

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**158.03 General.** Provide an adequate water supply and apply water
needed at all hours (including nights, weekends, and periods of nonwork)
as necessary to control dust. Uniformly apply water using pressure‑type
distributors, pipelines equipped with spray systems, or hoses with
nozzles.

**(a) Project dust control for public benefit.** Control dust within the
construction limits at all hours when the project is open to public
traffic. When the project is not open to public traffic, control dust in
areas of the project which neighbor inhabited residences or places of
business. Control dust on approved, active detours established for the
project. Apply water at the locations, rates, and frequencies ordered by
the CO.

**(b) Other dust control.** Control dust on active haul roads, in pits
and staging areas, and on the project during all periods not covered in
(a) above.

**158.04 Acceptance.** Furnishing and placing water will be evaluated
under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**158.05** Measure the Section 158 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure water for dust control by the cubic meter in the hauling vehicle
or by metering.

Do not measure water for dust control applied according to Subsection
158.03(b).

Payment

**158.06** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 158 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.