####### PERSONAL SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR THE AMERICAN BUSINESS TRAVELER OVERSEAS

######## Overseas Security Advisory Council

######### U.S. Department of State

[Personal Security Guidelines for the American Business Traveler
Overseas Introduction
1](#personal-security-guidelines-for-the-american-business-traveler-overseas-introduction)

[Chapter I. Introduction 2](#chapter-i.-introduction)

[Chapter II. Travel Preparation and Planning
3](#chapter-ii.-travel-preparation-and-planning)

[Travel Itinerary 3](#travel-itinerary)

[Passport 3](#passport)

[Visas 3](#visas)

[Medical 3](#medical)

[Miscellaneous 4](#miscellaneous)

[Local Import Restrictions 4](#local-import-restrictions)

[Luggage 4](#luggage)

[Luggage Locks 4](#luggage-locks)

[Airline Security and Seat Selection
5](#airline-security-and-seat-selection)

[Chapter III. At The Airport 6](#chapter-iii.-at-the-airport)

[Chapter IV. Selecting a Secure Hotel
8](#chapter-iv.-selecting-a-secure-hotel)

[Making Reservations 8](#making-reservations)

[Arriving at or Departing From the Hotel
8](#arriving-at-or-departing-from-the-hotel)

[Registration 9](#registration)

[Chapter V. In Your Hotel 11](#chapter-v.-in-your-hotel)

[Hotel Room Key 11](#hotel-room-key)

[Upon Arrival 11](#upon-arrival)

[Valuables 11](#valuables)

[Luggage 11](#luggage-1)

[Passport 12](#passport-1)

[Chapter VI. Guest Room as a \"Safe Haven\"
13](#chapter-vi.-guest-room-as-a-safe-haven)

[Chapter VII. Around The Hotel 14](#chapter-vii.-around-the-hotel)

[Chapter VIII. Fire Safety for the Traveler
15](#chapter-viii.-fire-safety-for-the-traveler)

[Your Hotel Room 15](#your-hotel-room)

[In Case of a Fire 15](#in-case-of-a-fire)

[Chapter IX. In The Work Place 17](#chapter-ix.-in-the-work-place)

[Chapter X. Traveling By Train 18](#chapter-x.-traveling-by-train)

[Security Risks 18](#security-risks)

[Some Precautionary Measures 18](#some-precautionary-measures)

[On Board the Train 20](#on-board-the-train)

[Upon Arrival 20](#upon-arrival-1)

[Chapter XI. Driving Abroad 21](#chapter-xi.-driving-abroad)

[Chapter XII. Personal Conduct Overseas
22](#chapter-xii.-personal-conduct-overseas)

[Chapter XIII. I\'ve Been Arrested! - What Do I Do Now?
23](#chapter-xiii.-ive-been-arrested---what-do-i-do-now)

[Chapter XIV. Targeting Recognition
24](#chapter-xiv.-targeting-recognition)

[Chapter XV. Surveillance Recognition
25](#chapter-xv.-surveillance-recognition)

[Response To Targeting 26](#response-to-targeting)

[Chapter XVI. Hostage Survival 27](#chapter-xvi.-hostage-survival)

[Hijacking Survival Guidelines 27](#hijacking-survival-guidelines)

[Chapter XVII. Kidnapping Survival Guidelines
30](#chapter-xvii.-kidnapping-survival-guidelines)

[Chapter XVIII. Conclusion 32](#chapter-xviii.-conclusion)

#  

## Personal Security Guidelines for the American Business Traveler Overseas Introduction

Effective security precautions require a continuous and conscious
awareness of your environment. This is especially true when visiting a
foreign country where it will be necessary to adapt to new cultures,
customs, and laws, which, in many instances, are very different from
those to which Americans are accustomed in the United States.

The implementation of security guidelines contained in this publication
should reduce the vulnerability of American private sector personnel
traveling abroad to criminal or terrorist acts. Individuals should
ensure, however, that any approach chosen is best suited for their
individual situation.

## Chapter I. Introduction

This booklet was developed to inform and make the American business
traveler aware of the potentially hostile overseas environment in which
they may be traveling or working. The information contained in this
booklet will familiarize the traveler with personal security guidelines
for traveling overseas. The potential hazards and vulnerabilities that
are inherent in protecting/carrying sensitive or proprietary information
while traveling are described, as are surveillance and/or targeting
recognition, personal conduct abroad, hostage/hijacking survival and
fire safety.

There are several scenarios to traveling abroad that are addressed:
first, the actual getting from point A to B; second, the airport; third,
the hotel or temporary quarters; fourth, traveling within a foreign
country; and, lastly, the office or workplace. Each of these five
situations presents different potential security problems.

The most effective means of protecting yourself and your property is the
liberal use of common sense reinforced with a high state of security
awareness. Do not give anyone the opportunity to exploit
vulnerabilities. Stay alert and exercise good judgment.

## Chapter II. Travel Preparation and Planning

### Travel Itinerary

DO NOT publicize your travel plans, but limit that knowledge to those
who need to know. Leave a full itinerary of your travel schedule, hotel
phone numbers and business appointments with your office and with a
family member or friend.

### Passport

Is it valid? Are the visas current for the country of destination? If
not, you and everything in your possession may be looked at in-depth by
host government authorities. If you are carrying documents that are
sensitive or proprietary, they will be examined in detail to see if
there is anything that would be of interest. If there is, you can bet
that copies will be made, and there is not much that you will be able to
do about it.

Make photocopies of your passport, visa and other important documents
that you will be traveling with. Put copies in both your carry on and
checked luggage. This makes it easier to replace your identification
documents should anything happen. (Also, it is a good idea to leave a
photocopy with someone at home.)

### Visas

Is a visa required for any of the countries that you are visiting and do
you have the appropriate visa(s)? Is the information on your visa
application true and correct? In some countries, falsifying information
on a visa application can result in an unexpected vacation in the local
bastilles.

Some countries are sensitive to which visa you obtain. If you are
traveling on business, a business visa should be obtained; otherwise a
tourist visa is acceptable.

### Medical

Take plenty of any prescription medication with you, as well as an extra
set of eyeglasses or contact lenses. Also, take a copy of your
prescription should you need to have glasses, contacts or medication
replaced. Keep an inoculation record and update it before each trip as
each country has different requirements.

-   Carry with you a list with your blood type, allergies, medical
    conditions and special requirements. It is a good idea to have a
    medical alert bracelet if you have a special medical condition.

-   Inoculations - Does the country to be visited require any specific
    inoculations? This information is available from the embassy or
    consulate. Be sure to carry your international shot record, just in
    case.

-   If you do not have comprehensive medical coverage, consider
    enrolling in an international health program. Hospitals in foreign
    countries do not take credit cards and most will not honor U.S.
    based medical insurance plans.

### Miscellaneous

Keep your personal affairs up to date. If possible, leave a power of
attorney with a family member or friend should anything happen to you.

-   Do research on the country you will be traveling to before you go.
    Talk with friends, family or business associates who have visited
    the country. They can usually give you some good tips for your trip.
    Also, for any travel warnings or other conditions that you should be
    aware of, check with the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Consular
    Affairs.

-   Travelers should discuss with their travel agents, which airlines,
    hotels and car rental companies are recommended.

-   Carry in your wallet/pocketbook only the documents you will need.
    Take only the credit cards you plan to use on your trip.

-   If you plan to rent a car, check to see if you must obtain an
    international drivers permit for the country you plan to visit.

-   Obtain information from U.S. Customs regarding any special
    requirements for the country you are visiting.

### Local Import Restrictions

Request from the embassy of the country you plan to visit a copy of any
list or pamphlet describing customs restrictions or banned materials.
This is a hint designed to minimize the possibility of an encounter with
the local authorities.

Leave all expensive and heirloom jewelry at home.

### Luggage

DO NOT pack sensitive or proprietary information in your checked
luggage. Double envelope the material and hand carry it. Be sure that
your luggage is tagged with covered tags that protect your address from
open observation. Put your name and address inside each piece of luggage
and be sure that all luggage is locked or secured in some fashion.

### Luggage Locks

The locks on your luggage are not that secure when it comes to the
professional thief or manipulator and are really no more than a
deterrent. But, if time is of the essence to the perpetrator, and it
usually is when a crime is involved, there are a couple of suggestions
that might deter surreptitious entry and/or theft.

-   For added security on all luggage, run a strip of nylon filament
    tape around the suitcase to preclude its opening accidentally if
    dropped or mistreated by baggage handlers.

-   For luggage and briefcases with two combination locks, reset the
    combination locks from the factory combination (000) to different
    combinations on each of the right and left locks.

-   For luggage with single locks, set the lock on each piece of luggage
    with a different combination.

-   DO NOT pack extra glasses or necessary daily medication in your
    luggage. Carry it in your briefcase, purse or pocket. If you are the
    victim of a hijacking you may need these items - if they are in your
    luggage, you probably will not be able to get to them.

-   On your luggage use your business address and telephone number. If
    possible, use a closed name tag with a cover. Do not use a laminated
    business card on your luggage, and avoid putting the company name or
    any logos on your luggage.

-   Check with the airline and/or your personal insurance company
    regarding any lost luggage coverage.

-   Make sure you use sturdy luggage. Do not over pack as the luggage
    could open if dropped. Bind the luggage with strapping so that it
    will remain intact.

-   Never place your valuables (jewelry, money and travelers checks) in
    your checked luggage. Never leave your bags unattended.

-   Consider obtaining a modest amount of foreign currency before you
    leave your home country. Criminals often watch for and target
    international travelers purchasing large amounts of foreign currency
    at airport banks and currency exchange windows.

### Airline Security and Seat Selection

-   Try to book a non-stop flight, as these have fewer takeoffs and
    landings.

-   Choose an airline with a good safety and on-time record.

-   Try to make your stopovers in airports that have a high security
    standard and good security screening.

-   Try to fly wide body planes. Hijackers tend to avoid these as having
    too many passengers.

-   Most travelers prefer an aisle seat. Choose a window or center seat.
    This will keep you away from the hijackers and any action that may
    be happening in the aisle.

## Chapter III. At The Airport

To diminish the risks of becoming an innocent bystander victim of a
terrorist attack and reduce your exposure to the criminal threat, there
are a number of things that you should remember when checking into an
airport.

-   In the event of a disturbance of any kind, go in the opposite
    direction. DO NOT GET INVOLVED!

-   Plan to check in early for your flight to avoid long lines at the
    ticket counter.

-   Go directly to the gate or secure area after checking your luggage.
    (Secure Zone - Area between security/immigration and the departure
    gate.) Avoid waiting rooms and shopping areas outside the secure
    areas.

-   Stay away from glass wall areas and airport coffee shops which are
    open to the concourse or public waiting areas.

-   From the time you pack your luggage until you check it with the
    carrier at the airport maintain positive control of all items, both
    hand carried and checked.

-   At many airports security personnel, following FAA protocol, will
    ask you questions about control of your luggage. Know what items you
    are carrying and be able to describe any/all electrical items.

-   When going through the pre-board screening process cooperate with
    security personnel and remember that they are there to help ensure
    that your travel is safe.

-   When arriving at or departing from an airport it is a good idea not
    to be exchanging items between bags while waiting in line for
    security screening or immigration/customs processing. Complete all
    packing before entering such areas.

-   If a conflict should arise while undergoing the screening process,
    cooperate. Obtain the names of the screeners involved, and then
    discuss the matter with a supervisor from the appropriate air
    carrier.

-   Remember that x-ray will not damage film, videos or computer
    equipment. Many times such items can be cleared using x-ray which
    means that they will not have to be handled by the screener.

-   Consider being transported to/from the airport by a hotel vehicle.
    Generally the cost is not prohibitive, and arrangements can be made
    in advance by your travel agent.

-   Declare all currency and negotiable instruments as required by law.

-   NEVER leave your luggage or briefcase unattended, even while
    checking in or once in the secure zone. In some countries, the
    police or security forces assume that an unattended bag is a bomb,
    and your luggage could be forcefully opened or even destroyed.

-   Always be aware of where you are in conjunction with where you are
    going. If an incident occurs, you need to know how to avoid it and
    either get out of the area or to your boarding area.

-   Dress casually when traveling, as this will keep any undue attention
    from you. Once aboard the flight, remove your shoes for better
    circulation. Walk around the flight cabin to keep your blood
    circulating and swelling down.

-   Avoid last minute dashes to the airport.

-   Eat moderately, avoid alcoholic beverages and drink plenty of water
    as this will help to avoid dehydration.

-   If possible, before you leave make an effort to adjust your sleep
    patterns.

-   Sleep as much as possible during the flight.

-   Carry airsickness medication with you. Even the best traveler
    sometimes experiences airsickness.

-   Avoid a demanding schedule upon arrival. Give yourself a chance to
    adjust to your surroundings.

## Chapter IV. Selecting a Secure Hotel

Many U.S. corporations have hotels abroad that are owned by local
businessmen and staffed by local workers but managed by first class U.S.
hoteliers. You usually can expect levels of safety and security that are
consistent with U.S. standards.

-   Ask the corporate travel agent for a list of recommended hotels.

-   Check with the Regional Security Officer at the U.S. Embassy for a
    list of hotels utilized by officials visiting the area.

### Making Reservations

Make your own reservations when practical and consistent with company
policies. The fewer people that become involved in your travel and
lodging arrangements, the better.

-   If traveling abroad, especially in politically sensitive areas,
    consider making reservations using your employer\'s street address,
    without identifying the company, and using your personal credit
    card. Again, the less known about your travel itinerary, and whom
    you represent, the better.

-   If arriving after 6:00 P.M., ensure that reservations are
    guaranteed.

-   Request information about parking arrangements if anticipating
    renting an automobile.

-   Be aware that credit card information has been compromised in the
    past. Always audit monthly credit card statements to ensure that
    unauthorized use has not been made of your account.

-   It is advisable to join frequent travelers\' programs available with
    many lodging companies. These programs enable upgrades to executive
    or concierge floors where available. Be sure to advise the person
    taking reservations that you are a member and request an upgrade.

### Arriving at or Departing From the Hotel

The most vulnerable part of your journey is traveling between the point
of debarkation/embarkation and the hotel. Do not linger or wander
unnecessarily in the parking lot, indoor garage or public space around
the hotel - be alert for suspicious persons and behavior. Watch for
distractions that are intentionally staged to setup a pickpocket,
luggage theft or purse snatch.

-   Stay with your luggage until it is brought into the lobby, or placed
    into the taxi or limo.

-   Consider using the bellman. Luggage in the \"care, custody and
    control\" of the hotel causes the hotel to be liable for your
    property. Protect claim checks; they are your evidence!

-   Keep in mind though that there are limits of liability created by
    states and countries to protect hoteliers. Personal travel
    documents, lap tops, jewelry, and other valuables and sensitive
    documents in excess of \$l,000 in value should be hand carried and
    personally protected.

-   If you arrive by auto, park as close to a hotel access point as
    possible, and park in a lighted area. Remove all property from the
    car interior and place it in the trunk. Avoid leaving valuables or
    personal documents in the glove compartment. Prior to leaving the
    security of the vehicle, note any suspicious persons or behavior.

-   If using valet service, leave only the ignition key, and take trunk,
    house, or office keys with you. Often, valets are not employees of
    the hotel and work for contract firms.

-   Parking garages are difficult to secure. Avoid dimly lit garages
    that are not patrolled and do not have security telephones or
    intercoms.

-   Female travelers should consider asking for an escort to their
    vehicles whether parked in the lot or garage.

### Registration

In some countries, your passport may be temporarily held by the hotel
for review by the police or other authorities, obtain its return at the
earliest possible time.

-   Be aware of persons in the hotel lobby who may have unusual interest
    in your arrival.

-   If carrying your luggage, keep it within view or touch. One
    recommendation is to position luggage against your leg during
    registration but place a briefcase or a purse on the desk or counter
    in front of you.

-   Ground floor rooms, which open to a pool area or beach with sliding
    glass doors and window access, are considered vulnerable. Depending
    upon the situation, area, and security coverage, exercise a higher
    level of security if assigned a first floor room.

-   It is suggested that female travelers request rooms that are away
    from the elevator landing and stairwells. This is to avoid being
    caught by surprise by persons exiting the elevator with you or
    hiding in the stairwell.

-   Always accept bellman assistance upon check-in. Allow the bellman to
    open the room, turn lights on, and check the room to ensure that it
    is vacant and ready for your stay. Before dismissing the bellman,
    always inspect the door lock, locks on sliding glass doors, optical
    viewer, privacy latch or chain, guest room safes, dead bolt lock on
    interconnecting suite door, and telephone. If a discrepancy is
    found, request a room change.

-   Ask where the nearest fire stairwell is located. Make a mental note
    which direction you must turn and approximately how many steps there
    are to the closest fire stairwell. In the event of a fire, there is
    frequently dense smoke and no lighting.

-   Also observe where the nearest house telephone is located in case of
    an emergency. Determine if the telephone is configured in such a
    manner that anyone can dial a guest room directly, or whether the
    phone is connected to the switchboard. Most security-conscious
    hotels require a caller to identify whom they are attempting to
    telephone rather than providing a room number.

-   Note how hotel staff are uniformed and identified. Many \"pretext\"
    crimes occur by persons misrepresenting themselves as hotel
    employees on house telephones to gain access to guest rooms. Avoid
    permitting a person into the guest room unless you have confirmed
    that the person is authorized to enter. This can be verified by
    using the optical viewer and by calling the front desk.

## Chapter V. In Your Hotel

All hotel rooms abroad are bugged for audio and visual surveillance.
This statement, of course, is NOT TRUE, but that is the premise under
which you must operate to maintain an adequate level of security
awareness while conducting business abroad. Many hotel rooms overseas
are under surveillance. In those countries where the intelligence
services are very active, if you are a business person working for an
American company of interest to the government or government sponsored
competitor, everything that you do in that hotel room may be recorded
and analyzed for possible vulnerabilities or for any useful information
that can be derived from your conversation.

With the basic premise established above, here are some security tips
that will minimize the potential risks.

### Hotel Room Key

Keep it with you at all times. The two most common ways that thieves and
others use to determine if a person is in their hotel room is to look at
the hotel room mail slot or key board or call the room on the house
phone. If you do not answer the phone that is one thing, but, if your
room key is there, you are obviously out and the coast is clear for a
thief or anyone else who is interested in searching your room and
luggage.

### Upon Arrival

Invest in a good map of the city. Mark significant points on a map such
as your hotel, embassies and police stations. Study the map and make a
mental note of alternative routes to your hotel or local office should
your map become lost or stolen.

-   Be aware of your surroundings. Look up and down the street before
    exiting a building.

-   Learn how to place a telephone call and how to use the coin
    telephones. Make sure you always have extra coins for the telephone.

-   Avoid jogging or walking in cities you are not familiar with. If you
    must jog, be aware of the traffic patterns when crossing public
    streets. (Joggers have been seriously injured by failing to
    understand local traffic conditions.)

### Valuables

Valuables should normally be left at home. The rule of thumb is, if you
neither want nor can afford to lose them, DO NOT TAKE THEM! However, if
you must carry valuables, the best way to protect them is to secure them
in your local offices. If that is not possible, the next best course of
action is to seal any valuables by double enveloping, initialing across
seams and taping all edges and seams before depositing them in the
hotel\'s safe deposit box or safe.

### Luggage

Keep it locked whenever you are out of the room. It will not stop the
professional thief or intelligence agent but it will keep the curious
maid honest.

### Passport

Keep your passport with you at all times. The only time that you should
relinquish it is:

-   To the hotel if required by law when registering.

-   If you are required to identify yourself to local authorities for
    any reason.

At night, lock your passport and your other valuables in your luggage.
This eliminates their mysterious disappearance while you are asleep or
in the shower.

Utilize a portable or improvised burglar alarm while asleep. Two ash
trays and a water glass are quite effective as an alarm when placed on
the floor in front of the entry door into your room. Place a water glass
in one ashtray and put the second ashtray on top of the glass. If a
straight chair is available, place it next to the door and put the ash
tray/water glass alarm on the edge of the chair where it will fall with
enough racket to wake you.

## Chapter VI. Guest Room as a \"Safe Haven\"

Hotels are required to provide reasonable care to ensure that guests
have a safe and secure stay. Hotels are not required to guarantee guest
security. You are responsible for your personal security and property.

-   While in the room, keep the door closed and engage the dead bolt and
    privacy latch or chain. A limited number of hotel emergency keys can
    override the dead bolt locks. To ensure privacy use the latch or
    chain!

-   Hoteliers provide guest room \"safes\" for the convenience of
    guests. However, these containers are not as durable as bank safes
    and can be breached. Furthermore, the Housekeepers Liability Laws
    provide that if guest property is not in the \"care, custody and
    control of the hotel,\" the hotel is not liable. Guests should
    always place money or valuables in the safe deposit box at the front
    desk of the hotel.

-   When leaving the guest room, ensure that the door properly closes
    and is secured. Make a mental note of how your property was left;
    avoid leaving valuables in plain view or in an unorganized manner. A
    number of hotel employees enter the room each day to clean, repair
    and restock the room. Although most hotel employees are honest and
    hardworking, a few succumb to the temptation of cash or jewelry left
    unprotected.

-   If you determine that an item is missing, conduct a thorough search
    prior to reporting the incident to hotel security. Do not expect to
    receive a copy of the security report, as it is an internal
    document. The incident should be reported to the local police, the
    Regional Security and Consular Officers at the U.S. Embassy, and
    your insurance carrier. Hotel security can provide a letter
    verifying that you reported property missing.

-   Prior to traveling, it is recommended that you copy all credit
    cards, passport, air tickets and other documents to facilitate
    reporting loss and replacing them. While traveling abroad, secure
    these documents in the room safe deposit box and carry copies of
    your passport and visa.

-   Request housekeeping make up your room while you are at breakfast,
    rather than leave a \"Please Service This Room\" sign on the door
    knob. This sign is a signal to criminals that the room is
    unoccupied.

-   If you are required to use parking stickers in your auto, be sure
    that it does not indicate your name or room number.

## Chapter VII. Around The Hotel

Most first class international hotels have spent a considerable sum to
ensure your safety and security. Fire safety equipment, CCTVs, and
security patrols are often part of the hotel\'s security plan.
Regardless of the level of security provided by the hotel, you need to
become familiar with certain aspects of the security profile of the
hotel. This will take on increased significance when you may be forced
to stay at the only hotel at a particular location.

-   Vary the time and route by which you leave and return to the hotel.
    Be alert for persons watching your movements.

-   Note if hotel security locks certain access points after dark. Plan
    to use the main entrance upon return to the property.

-   Speak with the bellman, concierge and front desk regarding safe
    areas around the city in which to jog, dine or sightsee. Ask about
    local customs and which taxi companies to use or avoid.

-   Do not take valuables to the spa or work out room. Note if there are
    house phones available in the event of a confrontation or emergency.

-   Be cautious when entering rest rooms in the hotel. On occasion,
    unauthorized persons use these facilities to deal drugs or engage in
    prostitution or theft. Female travelers should be alert to placing
    purses on hangers on the inside of the lavatory doors, or on the
    floor in stalls - two frequent locations for grab and run thefts.

-   Criminals often use areas around public telephones to stage
    pickpocket activity or theft. Keep briefcases and purses in view or
    \"in touch\" while using phones. Caution is urged in safeguarding
    telephone credit card numbers. Criminals wait for callers to
    announce credit card numbers on public phones and then sell the
    numbers for unauthorized use.

-   Purse snatchers and briefcase thieves are known to work hotel bars
    and restaurants waiting for unknowing guests to drape these items on
    chairs or under tables only to discover them missing as they are
    departing. Keep items in view or \"in touch\". Be alert to scams
    involving an unknown person spilling a drink or food on your
    clothing. An accomplice may be preparing to steal your wallet,
    briefcase or purse.

-   The pool or beach area is a fertile area for thieves to take
    advantage of guests enjoying recreation. Leave valuables in the
    hotel. Safeguard your room key and camera. Sign for food and
    beverages on your room bill rather than carry cash.

-   Prostitutes take advantage of travelers around the world through
    various ploys, use of \"knock out\" drugs, and theft from the
    victim\'s room. Avoid engaging persons who you do not know and
    refrain from inviting them to your guest room.

## Chapter VIII. Fire Safety for the Traveler

Fire safety at home and abroad is a matter of thinking ahead, knowing
what to do, and keeping your fear under control. Panic and smoke are the
most dangerous threats in the case of a fire. To minimize the risk of a
fire, the traveler should remember the precautions listed below and
where feasible:

-   Stay only at hotels, which have smoke detectors and/or sprinklers
    installed in all rooms and provide information about fire/safety
    procedures.

-   Request a room between the second and seventh floor. Most fire
    departments do not have the capability to rescue people above the
    seventh floor level with external rescue equipment (i.e., ladders).

-   Inquire as to how guests are notified if there is an emergency.

### Your Hotel Room

-   Note the location of the fire exits (stairs) on your floor. Count
    the number of doors between your room and the exit. If there is a
    fire, you may have to crawl there in the dark.

-   Check exit doors to be sure that they are unlocked and that
    stairwells are clear of obstructions.

-   Note the location of fire alarms, extinguishers and hoses and read
    any fire safety information available in your room.

-   Check outside your room window to ascertain if there is a possible
    escape route that would be feasible in an extreme emergency.

### In Case of a Fire

-   KEEP CALM - DO NOT PANIC.

-   Call the front desk and notify them of the location of the fire.

-   Check your door by placing your palm on the door and then on the
    doorknob. If either feels hot, DO NOT OPEN THE DOOR.

-   If it is safe to exit from your room, head for the stairs. TAKE YOUR
    ROOM KEY WITH YOU; YOU MAY HAVE TO RETURN TO YOUR ROOM.

-   If the corridor is full of smoke, crawl to the exit and again check
    the doorbefore opening it to see if it is hot. The fire could be in
    the stairwell.

-   DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR!

-   If you can not leave your room or the stairwells are unsafe and you
    must return to your room:

-   Notify the front desk that you are in your room awaiting rescue.

-   Open a window for fresh air. Do not break the window as you may need
    to close it again if smoke starts to enter from the outside.

-   Fill the tub and sink with water. Soak towels and blankets as
    necessary to block vents and openings around doors to keep the smoke
    and fumes out.

-   Attempt to keep the walls, doors and towels covering vents and
    cracks cool and wet.

-   A wet towel swung around the room will help clear the room of smoke.

-   Cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth.

-   Stay low, but alert to any signs of rescue from the street or the
    halls. Let the firemen know where you are by waving a towel or sheet
    out the window.

## Chapter IX. In The Work Place

The work place, your home away from home. Here you are safe and secure
in the one place where you no longer have to worry about what you do or
say. WRONG! You can be just as vulnerable here as anywhere else in the
country. You probably are safer, but there are still some precautions
that should be taken.

-   Safeguard all sensitive or proprietary papers and documents; do not
    leave them lying around in the office or on top of a desk.

-   Guard your conversations so that unauthorized personnel are not able
    to eavesdrop on discussions pertaining to proprietary information,
    personnel issues or management planning or problems. In many
    countries, employees are debriefed by the local intelligence or
    security services in an effort to learn as much as possible about
    activities of American companies and their personnel.

-   Be careful of all communications. Be aware that the monitoring of
    telephone, telegraph and international mail is not uncommon in some
    countries.

## Chapter X. Traveling By Train

In many countries, railroads continue to offer a safe, reliable and
comfortable means of travel between major metropolitan areas. Other
countries, however, operate rail systems that use antiquated equipment,
are often over crowded and seldom run on time. As a general rule, the
more advanced (socially and economically) a country is, the more modern
and reliable will be its rail service. Frequently, rail travel provides
a more economical method of travel than other modes of transportation,
and frequently it is the only available transportation to smaller cities
and towns. However, rail travel can present some security risks to the
traveler, just like other means of travel.

Railroads are \"soft\" targets for several types of criminal or
terrorist attacks. They operate over open ground and are easily
accessible to the public. The tracks on which the trains operate are in
the open for most of the distance they cover. This easy accessibility
provides an inviting target for bombings and other forms of sabotage.

The railroad terminals and stations are like self-contained cities, open
to the public, frequently for 24 hours a day. They provide a fertile
ground for pickpockets, purse snatchers, baggage thieves, bombers and
other criminals to operate.

Likewise, trains themselves offer similar opportunities to criminals and
terrorists. A train is like a hotel on wheels, offering temporary
accommodations, such as restaurants, sleeping space, bars and lounges.
All of these can be, and often times are, subject to criminal activities
including robbery, thievery, bombing and even, albeit rarely, hostage
taking.

### Security Risks

Generally, railroad terminals and trains are easy targets for the
following types of attacks:

-   Bombing and other forms of sabotage to railroad tracks, terminals
    and trains;

-   Robberies and burglaries;

-   Theft of unattended baggage on board trains and in rail terminals;
    and

-   Thefts from sleeping compartments.

-   Just as air travel calls for planning and preparation to lessen the
    risks of unfortunate experiences while traveling, rail travel also
    requires certain preventive measures in order to lessen the
    likelihood of the traveler becoming a victim. Some of these simple,
    yet effective, precautions can help make a rail trip a comfortable
    and convenient means of moving between or within many countries of
    the world.

### Some Precautionary Measures

Prior to Departure:

-   It should be noted that many cities have more than one railroad
    station. Travelers should confirm in advance from which station your
    train will depart. Make certain that you use the right one.

-   Make reservations in advance so that you do not have to stand in the
    frequently long lines at the rail station ticket counters. This is
    where pickpockets, baggage thieves and purse-snatchers like to
    operate. Your hotel concierge can assist in making your reservations
    and picking up your ticket.

-   Travel light and always keep your luggage under your control. In the
    time it takes to set down your luggage to check a timetable, a
    baggage thief can make off with it.

-   Watch your tickets. Keep them in an inside pocket or purse to lessen
    the chance that they can be stolen.

-   Do not discard your train ticket until completion of your trip and
    you have left the arrival area. In some countries you will be
    required to show your ticket at the exit of the arrival station. If
    you do not have it, you may be required to purchase another one.
    Hold on to your ticket, whether or not a conductor checks it.

-   Make certain that you board the right car and that it is going to
    your intended destination.

-   Find out in advance if your car will have to be switched to another
    train en route, when and where this will occur, and the name of the
    stop just prior to the switching point; be prepared accordingly.

-   If you have to transfer to another train to reach your destination,
    determine this in advance and know where you will make the transfer,
    the time of transfer, and the train number and departure time of
    your connecting train (and the track number if possible).

-   Learn how to tell if you are in the correct car and if it goes to
    your destination. Name boards on the side of the car will tell you
    this.

For example, a name board that appears like this:

VENEZIA

Bologna - Firenze

ROMA

shows that the car began in Venice, stops in Bologna and Florence, and
terminates in Rome. Next to the steps leading into the car you should
see the numeral \"1\" or \"2\", or both. The \"1\" indicates First
Class; the \"2\" indicates Second Class; and \"1\" at one end of the car
and \"2\" at the other indicates one part of the car is First Class and
the other is Second Class.

-   Make certain you know how to spell and pronounce the name of your
    destination city so you can recognize it when announced.

-   Be alert to train splitting. This occurs when part of the train is
    split off and attached to another train while the remainder of the
    original train then continues on its way. Check with the ticket
    agent or on-board conductor to determine this.

-   Try not to schedule a late night or early morning arrival. You might
    find yourself stranded at a rail station with no public
    transportation.

-   Arrange to be met at your arrival point whenever possible.

### On Board the Train

-   If possible, check unneeded luggage into the baggage car.

-   Keep your luggage with you at all times. If you must leave your
    seat, either take the luggage with you or secure it to your seat or
    the baggage rack with a strong cable-lock.

-   Try to get a window seat. This provides a quick means of escape in
    the event of an accident.

-   Have necessary international documents, including your passport,
    handy and ready for inspection by immigration officials at each
    border crossing.

-   Always keep your camera and other valuables with you at all times.

-   If you have a private compartment, keep the door locked and identify
    anyone wishing to gain access. Know the names of your porters and
    ask them to identify themselves whenever entering your compartment.

-   When in your compartment, be aware that some train thieves will
    spray chemicals inside to render the occupant(s) unconscious in
    order to enter and steal valuables. A locked door will at least keep
    them out.

-   If you become suspicious of anyone, or someone bothers you, notify
    the conductor or other train personnel.

-   If you feel you must leave the train temporarily at a stop other
    than your destination, make certain that you are not left behind.

-   An understanding of military time (the so-called 24-hour clock) will
    make it easier for you to understand the train schedule.

-   Make certain you have currency from each of the countries through
    which you will be traveling. In some lesser-developed countries (and
    on some trains) it may be advisable to carry your own food and
    water.

### Upon Arrival

-   Make certain that you depart from the train at the correct location.

-   Use only authorized taxis for transportation to your hotel or other
    destination.

-   Be alert to criminals such as pickpockets, baggage thieves and/or
    unauthorized taxi drivers/guides.

-   If you do not have a hotel reservation, go to the in-station hotel
    services and reservations desk for help in obtaining a hotel room.

## Chapter XI. Driving Abroad

Obtain an International Drivers Permit (IDP). This can be purchased
through your AAA Club. Have your passport photos and a completed
application. There will be a fee involved. Carry both your IDP and your
state driver\'s license with you at all times.

-   Some countries have a minimum and maximum driving age. Check the
    laws before you drive in any country.

-   Always \"buckle up\". Some countries have penalties for people who
    violate this law.

-   If you rent a car, always purchase the liability insurance. If you
    do not, this could lead to financial disaster.

-   As many countries have different driving rules, obtain a copy of
    them before you begin driving in that country.

-   If the drivers in the country you are visiting drive on the opposite
    side of the road than in the U.S., practice driving in a less
    populated area before attempting to drive during the heavy traffic
    part of the day.

-   Be aware of the countryside you will be driving in. Many countries
    require you to honk your horn before going around a sharp corner or
    to flash your lights before passing.

-   Find out before you start your journey that has the right of way in
    a traffic circle.

-   Always know the route you will be traveling. Have a copy of a good
    road map, and chart your course before beginning.

-   Do not pick up hitchhikers or strangers.

-   When entering your vehicle, be aware of your surroundings.

## Chapter XII. Personal Conduct Overseas

A hostile or even friendly intelligence organization is always on the
lookout for sources who are vulnerable to coercion, addictions, greed or
emotional manipulation. To eliminate, or at least diminish, the
possibility of your doing something inadvertent that would bring your
activities to the special attention of one of these agencies, here are
some

DO NOT\'s to remember:

-   DO NOT do anything which might be misconstrued or reflect poorly on
    your personal judgment, professional demeanor, or embarrassing to
    you and/or your company.

-   DO NOT gossip about character flaws, financial problems, emotional
    relationships or marital difficulties of anyone working for the
    company, including yourself. This type of information is eagerly
    sought after by those who would like to exploit you or another
    employee.

-   DO NOT carry, use or purchase any narcotics, marijuana, or other
    abused drugs. Some countries have very stringent laws covering the
    import or use of medications and other substances. If you are using
    a prescribed medication that contains any narcotic substance or
    other medication that is subject to abuse, such as amphetamines or
    tranquilizers, carry a copy of the doctor\'s prescription for all
    medications and check your local restrictions and requirements prior
    to departure. Some countries may require additional
    documentation/certification from your doctor.

-   DO NOT let a friendly ambiance and alcohol override your good sense
    and capacity when it comes to social drinking. In some countries,
    heavy drinking in the form of toasting is quite common, and very few
    westerners can keep up with a local national when it comes to
    drinking the national brew. An intoxicated or hung over business
    negotiator could, if they are not careful, prove to be very
    embarrassing to themselves and expensive to the company. In these
    situations, prudence is essential.

-   DO NOT engage in \"Black Market\" activities such as the illegal
    exchange of currency, or the purchase of religious icons or other
    local antiquities.

-   DO NOT accept or deliver letters, packages or anything else from
    anyone unknown to you. You have no way of knowing what you are
    carrying and it could result in your being arrested for illegally
    exporting a prohibited item.

-   DO NOT engage in any type of political or religious activity, or
    carry any political or religious tracts or brochures, or
    publications likely to be offensive in the host country, such as
    pornography or mercenary/weapons.

-   DO NOT photograph anything that appears to be associated with the
    military or internal security of the country, including airports,
    ports, or restricted areas such as military installations. If in
    doubt, DO NOT.

-   DO NOT purchase items that are illegal to import such as endangered
    species or agricultural products.

## Chapter XIII. I\'ve Been Arrested! - What Do I Do Now?

Foreign police and intelligence agencies detain persons for a myriad of
reasons or for no other reason than suspicion or curiosity. The best
advice is to exercise good judgement, be professional in your demeanor
and remember the suggestions and hints that are listed in this booklet.
But, if you are detained or arrested for some reason, here are some
points to remember:

-   DO ask to contact the nearest embassy or consulate representing your
    country. As a citizen of another country, you have this right; but
    that does not mean that your hosts will allow you to exercise that
    right. If you are refused or just ignored, continue to make the
    request periodically until they accede and let you contact your
    embassy or consulate.

-   DO stay calm, maintain your dignity and do not do anything to
    provoke the arresting officer(s).

-   DO NOT admit anything or volunteer any information.

-   DO NOT sign anything. Often, part of the detention procedure is to
    ask or tell the detainee to sign a written report. Decline politely
    until such time as the document is examined by an attorney or an
    embassy/consulate representative.

-   DO NOT accept anyone on face value. When the representative from the
    embassy or consulate arrives, request some identification before
    discussing your situation.

-   DO NOT fall for the ruse of helping the ones who are detaining you
    in return for your release. They can be very imaginative in their
    proposals on how you can be of assistance to them. Do not sell
    yourself out by agreeing to anything. If they will not take no for
    an answer, do not make a firm commitment or sign anything. Tell them
    that you will think it over and let them know. Once out of their
    hands, contact the affiliate or your embassy for protection and
    assistance in getting out of the country.

## Chapter XIV. Targeting Recognition

Any person traveling abroad on business should be aware of the fact that
they could be targeted by an intelligence agency, security service or,
for that matter, a competitor if they are knowledgeable of, or carrying,
sensitive or proprietary information. In the course of doing business
abroad, there are certain indicators that may occur which should be
recognized as potential hazards and indicative of unwarranted interest
in your activities. These situations should be closely scrutinized and
avoided if at all possible. A few of the most common scenarios that have
been utilized by intelligence/security services and have led to
successful targeting and acquisition of information are listed below:

-   Repeated contacts with a local or third country national who is not
    involved in your business interests or the purpose of your visit,
    but as a result of invitations to social or business functions,
    appears at each function. This individual\'s demeanor may indicate
    more than just a passing interest in you and your business
    activities.

-   A close personal social relationship with a foreign national of a
    hostile host government is often unavoidable for business reasons.
    In these instances, be cautious and do not allow the relationship to
    develop any further than the strictly business level.

-   Be suspicious of the accidental encounter with an unknown local
    national who strikes up a conversation and wants to:

-   Practice English or other language.

-   Talk about your country of origin or your employment.

-   Buy you a drink because they have taken a liking to you.

-   Talk to you about politics.

-   Use a myriad of other excuses to begin a \"friendly\" relationship.

If any of the above or anything else occurs which just does not ring
true, BE SUSPICIOUS!! It may be innocent but, exercise prudence and good
judgment.

## Chapter XV. Surveillance Recognition

The subject of surveillance is extremely important to anyone conducting
business abroad. Surveillance could be indicative of targeting for
reasons other than interest by a foreign intelligence or security
service. Terrorists and criminals also use surveillance for operational
preparation prior to committing other terrorist or criminal acts. It
should be noted, however, that the normal business traveler, who only
spends a few days in each city and has a low profile, is not really a
viable target for terrorists and the risk is very low.

The real terrorist threat to a traveler is that of being at the wrong
place at the wrong time and becoming an inadvertent victim of a
terrorist act.

Surveillance is an assessment of vulnerabilities in an attempt to
determine any information available, from any source, about you or your
activities, such as lifestyle or behavior that can be used against you.
If the intended target recognizes the fact that he or she is under
surveillance, preventive measures can be taken that will hopefully deter
further interest. As an example, if the surveillant(s) realizes that he
or she has been spotted, then the assumption must be that the operation
has been compromised and that the police have been notified or other
preventive measures have been taken. On the other hand, if a traveler is
being scrutinized by a foreign intelligence or security agency, the
surveillance may well continue.

Surveillance takes many forms, from static, such as an observer
physically or electronically watching or monitoring your activities in
your hotel room or office, to mobile surveillance where the individual
being watched is actually followed either on foot or by vehicle.

How do you recognize surveillance? There is only one way: be ALERT to
your surroundings. As a traveler, you probably will not be at any one
location long enough to know what the norm is in your surroundings, and
this puts you at a disadvantage. You will not realize that the person
sitting in the car across the street is a stranger and should not be
there, whereas a resident would immediately become suspicious.

Be observant and pay attention to your sixth sense. If you get the funny
feeling that something is not right or that you are being watched, PAY
ATTENTION! That sixth sense is trying to tell you something, and more
often than not it will be right.

In any event, report your suspicions or any information to the general
manager of the local affiliate or your embassy or consulate just in case
something does occur. If there is any question about what actions should
be taken, and guidance is not available from the affiliate, contact your
embassy or consulate and they will advise you as to what you should do
and whether or not the information should be reported to the local
authorities. But, the most important thing you should do is making sure
that your demeanor is professional and everything you do is above board
and not subject to compromise.

If you have reason to believe that you are under surveillance, here is
what you should NOT do:

-   DO NOT try to slip away or lose the followers as this will probably
    alert them and belie the fact that you are just a businessperson or
    tourist going about your business.

-   In your hotel room, assume that the room and telephone are being
    monitored. DO NOT try to play investigator and start looking for
    electronic listening devices. This again could send the wrong
    signals to the surveillant. Just make sure that you do not say or do
    anything in your hotel room that you would not want to see printed
    on the front page of the New York Times.

### Response To Targeting

If you have any reason to believe that you are targeted by an
intelligence or security service, there is really only one course of
action to follow. Report your suspicions to the affiliate or embassy or
consulate and follow their guidance.

## Chapter XVI. Hostage Survival

Any traveler could become a hostage. The odds of that happening are
extremely low when the number of travelers is compared to the number of
people that have actually become a hostage. However, there is always
that slim chance that a traveler could end up being in the wrong place
at the wrong time. With this in mind, the traveler should make sure that
his/her affairs are in order before they travel abroad. Items of
particular importance to an individual in a hostage situation are the
currentness of an up-to-date will, insurance policy and a power of
attorney for the spouse. If these items have been taken care of before
departure, the employee will not have to worry about the family\'s
welfare and the hostage can focus all of his/her efforts on the one
thing of paramount importance and that is SURVIVAL!!

To survive, travelers should realize that there are certain dynamics
involved in a hijacking or a kidnapping, and, to increase their ability
to survive, they must understand how these interacting forces affect the
end result. Each individual involved in an incident of this type will
have an impact on the eventual outcome. One wrong move by either a
victim or a perpetrator could easily result in a disaster rather than a
peaceful conclusion to the incident.

The first thing that a traveler should remember is that he or she is not
the only one that is scared and nervous. Everyone involved is in the
same emotional state, including the perpetrators. Fear can trigger a
disaster, and it does not take much for some individuals to set off a
defensive spate of violence. Whether it is a demonstration of violence
to reinforce a demand or to incite fear in the minds of the hostages,
the violence will be motivated by fanaticism and/or fear and that
violence will be directed at the person(s) who are perceived to be a
threat or a nuisance to the hijackers.

To minimize the possibility of being selected for special attention by
the perpetrators and to maximize your ability to survive a hostage
situation, here are some guidelines to remember:

### Hijacking Survival Guidelines

The physical takeover of the aircraft by the hijackers may be
characterized by noise, commotion, and possibly shooting and yelling, or
it may be quiet and methodical with little more than an announcement by
a crew member. These first few minutes of the hijacking are crucial:

-   Stay calm, and encourage others around you to do the same.

-   Remember that the hijackers are extremely nervous and are possibly
    scared.

-   Comply with your captor(s) directions.

-   If shooting occurs, keep your head down or drop to the floor.

-   Remain alert.

Once the takeover of the aircraft has occurred, you may be separated by
citizenship, sex, race, etc. Your passport may be confiscated and your
carry-on luggage ransacked. The aircraft may be diverted to another
country. The hijackers may enter into a negotiation phase, which could
last indefinitely, and/or the crew may be forced to fly the aircraft to
yet another destination. During this phase passengers may be used as a
bargaining tool in negotiations, lives may be threatened, or a number of
passengers may be released in exchange for fuel, landing/departure
rights, food, etc. This will be the longest phase of the hijacking:

-   If you are told to keep your head down or maintain another body
    position, talk yourself into relaxing into the position; you may
    need to stay that way for some time.

-   Prepare yourself mentally and emotionally for a long ordeal.

-   Do not attempt to hide your passport or belongings.

-   If addressed by the hijackers, respond in a regulated tone of voice.

-   Use your time wisely by observing the characteristics and behavior
    of the hijackers, mentally attach nicknames to each one and notice
    their dress, facial features and temperaments.

-   If you or a nearby passenger are in need of assistance due to
    illness or discomfort, solicit the assistance of a crew member
    first - do not attempt to approach a hijacker unless similar
    assistance has been rendered by them for other passengers.

-   If the hijackers single you out, be responsive but do not volunteer
    information.

The last phase of the hijacking is resolution, be it by use of a hostage
rescue team or resolution through negotiation. In the latter instance,
the hijackers may simply surrender to authorities or abandon the
aircraft, crew and passengers. In the case of a hostage rescue operation
to resolve the hijacking:

-   The characteristics of a hostage rescue force introduction into the
    aircraft will be similar to the hijacker\'s takeover - noise, chaos,
    possibly shooting - the rescue force is re-taking control of the
    aircraft.

-   If you hear shots fired inside or outside the aircraft, immediately
    take a protective position - put your head down or drop to the
    floor.

-   If instructed by a rescue force to move, do so quickly, putting your
    hands up in the air or behind your head; make no sudden movements.

-   If fire or smoke appears, attempt to get emergency exits open, and
    use the inflatable slides or exit onto the wing.

-   Once you are on the tarmac, follow the instructions of the rescue
    force or local authorities; if neither are there to guide you, move
    as quickly as possible away from the aircraft and eventually move
    towards the terminal or control tower area.

-   Expect to be treated as a hijacker or co-conspirator by the rescue
    force; initially you will be treated roughly until it is determined
    by the rescue force that you are not part of the hijacking team.

-   Cooperate with local authorities and members of the U.S. Embassy,
    Consulate or other U.S. agencies in relating information about the
    hijacking.

-   Onward travel and contact with family members will be arranged by
    U.S. authorities as soon as possible.

## Chapter XVII. Kidnapping Survival Guidelines

Kidnapping can take place in public areas where someone may quietly
force you, by gunpoint, into a vehicle. They can also take place at a
hotel or residence, again by using a weapon to force your cooperation in
leaving the premises and entering a vehicle. The initial phase of
kidnapping is a critical one because it provides one of the best
opportunities to escape.

-   If you are in a public area at the time of abduction, make as much
    commotion as possible to draw attention to the situation.

-   If the abduction takes place at your hotel room, make noise, attempt
    to arouse the suspicion or concern of hotel employees or of those in
    neighboring rooms - minimally, the fact that an abduction has taken
    place will be brought to the attention of authorities and the
    process of notification and search can begin. Otherwise, it could be
    hours or days before your absence is reported.

-   Once you have been forced into a vehicle, you may be blindfolded,
    physically attacked (to cause unconsciousness), drugged, or forced
    to lie face down on the floor of the vehicle. In some instances,
    hostages have been forced into trunks or specially built
    compartments for transporting contraband.

-   Do not struggle in your confined state; calm yourself mentally,
    concentrate on surviving.

-   Employ your mind by attempting to visualize the route being taken,
    take note of turns, street noise, smells, etc. Try to keep track of
    the amount of time spent between points.

-   Once you have arrived at your destination, you may be placed in a
    temporary holding area before being moved again to a more permanent
    detention site. If you are interrogated:

-   Retain a sense of pride but be cooperative.

-   Divulge only information that cannot be used against you.

-   Do not antagonize your interrogator with obstinate behavior.

-   Concentrate on surviving; if you are to be used as a bargaining tool
    or to obtain ransom, you will be kept alive.

After reaching what you may presume to be your permanent detention site
(you may be moved several more times), quickly settle into the
situation:

-   Be observant - Notice the details of the room, the sounds of
    activity in the building and determine the layout of the building by
    studying what is visible to you. Listen for sounds through walls,
    windows or out in the streets, and try to distinguish between
    smells.

-   Stay mentally active by memorizing the aforementioned details.
    Exercise your memory and practice retention.

-   Keep track of time. Devise a way to track the day, date and the
    time, and use it to devise a daily schedule of activities for
    yourself.

-   Know your captors. Memorize their schedule, look for patterns of
    behavior to be used to your advantage, and identify weaknesses or
    vulnerabilities.

-   Use all of the above information to seek opportunities to escape.

-   Remain cooperative. Attempt to establish rapport with your captors
    or guards. Once a level of communication is achieved, try asking for
    items that will increase your personal comfort. Make them aware of
    your needs.

-   Stay physically active even if your movement is extremely limited.
    Use isometric and flexing exercises to keep your muscles toned.

-   If you detect the presence of other hostages in the same building,
    devise ways to communicate.

-   DO NOT be uncooperative, antagonistic, or hostile towards your
    captors. It is a fact that hostages who display this type of
    behavior are kept captive longer or are singled out for torture or
    punishment.

-   Watch for signs of Stockholm Syndrome, which occurs when the
    captive, due to the close proximity and the constant pressures
    involved, begins to relate to, and empathize with, the captors. In
    some cases, this relationship has resulted in the hostage become
    empathetic to the point that he/she actively participates in the
    activities of the group. You should attempt to establish a friendly
    rapport with your captors, but maintain your personal dignity and do
    not compromise your integrity.

-   If you are able to escape, attempt to get first to a U.S. Embassy or
    Consulate to seek protection. If you cannot reach either, go to a
    host government or friendly government entity.

## Chapter XVIII. Conclusion

It is no wonder that most U.S. business people consider business travel
hard work - and one of the most stressful aspects of their job. The
running, waiting, and anxiety associated with travel can take its toll
on the mind and body. Add an unfamiliar location, a foreign language,
and a different culture to the situation and you have the potential for
all sorts of problems.

As pointed out in this publication, the keys to safe travel are planning
and sound security practices. Proper planning ensures your logistical
plan is in place and you have the necessary background information to
support your itinerary. Incorporating sound security practices into your
travel routine will reduce the likelihood of problems. Together, these
keys allow you to get on with the real purpose of your trip.