General Statistical Office of Viet Nam

Country Report

Results of The Field Test On Washington Group Disability Questions

Ha Noi-2006

REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE FIELD TEST FOR WASHINGTON GROUP'S QUESTION
SET

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942307 .anchor}I. Objectives.

The field test of WG question set on disability conducted after the
cognitive test. The objective of the field test is to test questions to
find how they run and what are possible problems may be happened in
context of the disability sample survey or the Census 2009.

After the cognitive test and the field test, we will decide a set of
questions will be use in VLSS2006, we will design a disability module
which will be integrated in VLSS2006. The results and experiences from
the field test and the VLSS2006 with disability module, suitable steps
will be carried out to mobilize for Population Census 2009 (fieldwork
activities will be conducted on 1 April 2009).

Another objective of the test is to provide the data on disability in
the scale of a VHLSS's province, how is it if we extend to collect
disability data in the whole country from Viet Nam Household Living
Standard Survey VHLSS.

This document presents results and experiences of General Statistical
Office from the field test conducted in Thai Binh province.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942308 .anchor}II. Methodology:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942309 .anchor}1. Sample:

Sample of the filed test based on the VLSS2004 sample which conducted in
2004 of Thai Binh Province. (See the appendix 1f for more details). The
sample size for VLSS2004 was of 1020 households selected from 68
villages of 68 communes of Thai Binh province. There were 1003
households with 3549 household members from 5 yrs old and over which
were actually participated in the field test.

Of the sample, there were 73 households belong to urban area.

By using the sample of VLSS, the data of the field test could merge with
the VLSS2004 data for analyzing and we could find possible problems in
context of VLSS2006 with a disability module.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942310 .anchor}1. Question set to be used for
the field test:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942311 .anchor}(a). Washington question set:

1.  Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?

2.  Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

3.  Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?

4.  Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?

5.  Do you have difficulty (with self-care such as) washing all over or
    dressing?

6.  Because of a physical, mental of emotional health condition, do you
    have difficulty communicating, (for example understanding others or
    others understanding you)?

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942312 .anchor}(b). Extension set of questions:

See the questionnaire for the field test for the details of extension
question set (Appendix 2f).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942313 .anchor}(c). County specific questions:

A set of questions on causes of difficulty.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942314 .anchor}2. Questionnaire

The Appendix 2f shows the contents and structure of the questionnaire
for test in Thai Binh.

> []{#__RefHeading___Toc139942315 .anchor}(a). Cover page
>
> []{#__RefHeading___Toc139942316 .anchor}(b). Section A: Household
> roster and general information.
>
> []{#__RefHeading___Toc139942317 .anchor}(c). Section B: Disability
> question section

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942318 .anchor}4. Interviewers and supervisors
of the field test:

The training manual was revised from the materials provided by WG and
experiences from the cognitive test. The contributions of stakeholders
on disability were very significant to the last version of questionnaire
and training manual for field test.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942319 .anchor}5. Interviewers and supervisors
of the field test:

Most interviewers and supervisors of the cognitive test participated the
field test in Thai Binh province. Total of the interviewers for the test
were 35 persons, there were eight supervisors from GSO (of them, there
was Tran Van Hai -- mobility disable person who was interviewer for
cognitive test) and two independent supervisors from MCNV who carried
out the translation and cognitive test (Mr. Dung and Mrs Thanh).

Criteria for selecting interviewers were experience and professional
competence. Most of interviewers are experiences in household living
standard survey/census, in sociological surveys or in researching with
health/disability area. They had bachelor/college degree, trainings in
statistics area or social science. GSO was priority for selecting
persons who were interviewers of the cognitive test.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942320 .anchor}5. Training interviewers:

All interviewers participated the three-day training course conducted in
Ha Noi from 26 April to 28 April 2006 (Cognitive: 25/02/2006 to
26/02/2006). Contents of the training course were:

(a) Introducing with interviewers purposes and methods of testing,
    methods of interviewing for every questions (two days).

(b) Introducing methods of working with PWD/CWD (on the last second
    day): Problems related to PWD/CWD and methods of working with
    PWD/CWD introduced by representatives from The disability forum Viet
    Nam and Save the Children Sweden Viet Nam.

(c) Practicing interviews section (One day): On the last day of the
    training, there were 20 persons with disability were mobilized to
    the course for the practical interviews.

(d) Discussing and concluding

(e) Evaluating the training.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942321 .anchor}A. Questions and answers at the
training:

> Q1. Why not start from the screening question such as: "Are there any
> people with disability in your household?"
>
> A. We have to ask every household members aged from 5 years old and
> over for every questions on functioning.
>
> Q2. Do we need to replace a household from the list of VLSS04
> households by other household if the VLSS04 household if we cannot
> find it?
>
> A2. Do not need to replace by another HH if we cannot find/meet them
> at duration that the team staying at the village.
>
> Q3. Question 9d is not suitable with children. The example about
> important thing is not suitable.
>
> A3. With children 5 to 15 yrs old can give an example such as: lock
> the door when get out of home.
>
> Q4. When ask the questions related to health status (question 29) I
> found that it is very sensitive, please do not this question.
>
> A4. We will change the question to: "29. Does \[...NAME\] have any
> disease or health problems? If yes: "What's disease?" and "Any else?".
>
> Q5. About the causes of disability, there is some inconsistencies with
> what you said before, Why do you ask "Disability"?
>
> A6. Have no inconsistency with what we said from start that we ask
> about functioning or disability without ask directly about disability.
> If there are any person said that "Oh, I am difficulty with hearing
> because I am disability", will fill the code 1. It is different with
> asking that "Are you difficult because of disability?".
>
> Q7. Question 17d, It is very difficult with the question about
> "sitting about 2 hours"? My son 8 years old, he cannot sit 2 hours in
> the same place, He is very actively, but you cannot say he is
> disability.
>
> Q8. "Can your child sit and learn in the class?". You say "Yes", so
> your child is able to sit about two hours from start of the class and
> up to short break in mid-morning. You can probe by give the example.
>
> Q9. Each of the core questions is followed by a set of extended
> questions. If we ask extended questions and find that there are some
> different results between core question and extended questions, May I
> come back to change the core question's results for fitting with the
> extended questions.
>
> A9. Please interview from question by question with exact order in the
> questionnaire and exact questions printed in the questionnaire. You
> can ask probe questions, but not "suggest"/"assist" for the answers.
> And then, write the option answered by interviewee. Don't change or
> "revise" in any way for "logical" by your owned ideas.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942322 .anchor}III. Implementing of the field
work:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942323 .anchor}1. Interview's teams of the
test:

Interviewers were split into teams. There were 7 teams, 5 persons for
each (4 interviewers and 1 team leader). Each team was responsibility
about 9-10 communes. There were 15 households per a VLSS cluster, so
that a team was responsibility for interviewing about 145 households in
average.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942324 .anchor}2. Duration of the test:

Fieldwork started from 1 May 2006 to 17 May 2006.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942325 .anchor}3. Length of an interview.

The length of an interview was about 1 hour. There was no significant
difference between urban and rural.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942326 .anchor}4. Problems found from fieldwork
and comments from the meeting with interviewers, supervisors and
stakeholders

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942327 .anchor}(a). Problems found from
supervising and solutions:

-   Problem 1: Some interviewers were confused to specify household
    members. So they did ask questions for disability for household
    members who were out of their home for a duration of time.

-   Solution 1: Need to train more details at the training course, the
    problem will be solve in context of VLSS training.

-   Problem 2: Some interviewers took too much proxy-interview even if
    the object of interviewing were at home.

-   Solution: Need to regulate details which case will use proxy-report
    in the training manual and supervising the interviewers

-   Problem 3: Some interviewers did not pay enough time to explain for
    interviewee about objectives and content of the field test. Some
    other interviewers explain for only some first household members and
    not introduce for the others.

-   Solution 3: We did not to introduce for all household members one by
    one if they were all at home and heard about interviewer's
    introduction, but we should do if some ones were new comers. Sending
    letter to households before the day of interviewing was a good way.

-   Problem 4: Some differences between the interview and re-interview.
    All the differences were belonging to proxy-respondents.

-   Solution 4: Training course, trainer evaluation, survey manual
    guidebooks\...

-   Problem 5: Some interviewers made mistakes from transferring codes
    of answers from disability questions to the causes of disability
    part.

-   Solution 5: Simple mistakes caused by Interviewers. It was needed to
    reinforce fieldwork supervising activities

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942328 .anchor}(c). Comments from supervisors,
interviewers and stakeholders.

> Some questions should be discussed more details and suitable with
> culture of Vietnamese people, education levels. If we try to keep some
> questions, we may have problems with data quality. Here are some
> questions:

1.  [Original question]{.underline}: Do you have **difficulty seeing
    and** recognizing a person you know from 7 meters?

> [Changed to]{.underline}: Do you have **difficulty seeing and**
> recognizing a person from 7 meters in normal daylight?

-   Reasons: It is difficulty seeing and recognizing at the time of
    nightfall/twilight, but not enough lights for the rural area so that
    people are difficulty seeing and recognizing a person from 7 meters.

2.  [Original question]{.underline}: By yourself and not using aid, do
    you have any difficulty standing or being on your feet for about 2
    hours?

> By yourself and not using aid, do you have any difficulty sitting for
> about 2 hours?
>
> [Changed to:]{.underline} Don't use these two questions.
>
> [Reasons:]{.underline} It is very difficult to have the true answers
> because people are rarely standing or sitting for 2 hours in
> day-to-day life activities. People answer "difficulty" even if they
> are healthy.

3.  [Original question]{.underline}: Do you have difficulty finding a
    solution to problems in a day to day life?

> [Changed to:]{.underline} Don't use these two questions.

-   [Reasons:]{.underline} Persons who have "difficulty finding a
    solution to problems" because they are not disability, but also from
    their low education, poor skill.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942329 .anchor}IV. Data entry and processing
data:

> \(a\) Data entry program designed in EPINFO.
>
> \(b\) Using Duplicated data entry to measure non-sampling errors
> caused by operators.
>
> \(c\) EPINFO data was exported to Stata software for analyzing.
>
> \(d\) The field test data was merged with VHLSS2004 for deeply
> analyzing.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942330 .anchor}V. Characteristics of the
respondent sample:

Of the 3540 household members, there were 3400 (96%) persons aged from 5
and over, 271 household members (7.66%) were belonging to urban area.
Household size was 3.5persons/HH. Of the 1003 households, there were
only 19% female head.

Table 01: Distribution of household members by age\'s groups and gender

  ------------ ------------------- --------------------- ------------------
               Sex                                       Total

               Male                Female                

  0-4          3.76                4.14                  3.95

  5-10         8.45                6.46                  7.43

  11-15        11.86               10.6                  11.21

  16-20        11.17               9.77                  10.45

  21-30        10.36               10.54                 10.45

  31-40        11.75               14.9                  13.36

  41-50        18.92               18.16                 18.53

  51-60        11.23               10.71                 10.96

  61+          12.5                14.74                 13.64

                                                         

  Total        100                 100                   100
  ------------ ------------------- --------------------- ------------------

Number of Observations: 3540

![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.385416666666667in"
height="3.8333333333333335in"}

Of the persons aged from 16 and over, 23.34% were never married; the
highest rate is for the age groups from 16 to 30 years old.

> **Table 2: Marital status of persons aged 16 and over**

  --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
            Married    Widow     Divorce    Separate   Never      Total
                                                       Married    

  16-20     0.54       0         0.54       0          98.92      100

  21-30     43.67      0.27      0.54       0.27       55.26      100

  31-40     89.24      2.32      1.48       0.63       6.33       100

  41-50     93.15      2.59      0.76       0.3        3.2        100

  51-60     91.21      4.91      0.52       0.52       2.84       100

  61-98     66.05      31.88     0.21       0.41       1.45       100

                                                                  

  Total     68.23      7.37      0.69       0.36       23.34      100
  --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

> **Table 3: Education level of household member aged 7 yrs old & over**

  ------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ------------ -------
          Illiterate   Under     Primary   Lower       Upper       High school,   College,     Total
                       primary   school    Secondary   Secondary   professional   University   
                       school              school      school      training                    

                                                                                               

  7-10    0.6          97.8      1.1       0.6         0.0         0.0            0.0          100

  11-15   1.3          20.8      74.4      3.5         0.0         0.0            0.0          100

  16-20   0.0          0.3       3.8       75.2        19.1        1.1            0.5          100

  21-30   2.4          2.7       11.1      41.7        26.3        8.9            6.8          100

  31-40   0.6          3.0       15.8      53.4        20.3        4.2            2.7          100

  41-50   1.5          3.5       14.5      60.4        13.4        3.4            3.4          100

  51-60   3.6          5.9       17.7      51.2        9.0         7.5            5.1          100

  61+     12.9         38.9      18.9      16.2        3.5         5.0            4.6          100

                                                                                               

  Total   3.1          15.6      20.5      41.4        12.2        4.0            3.1          100
  ------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ------------ -------

Table 4 and chart 2 shows the main work of household members. Thai Binh
province was an agricultural one, that's why there was 45% sample
population who were doing the self-employed work. The rate of unemployed
for health reasons is 6.9%, 5.5% and 8.2% for male and female
respectively.

> Table 4: The main work taking the most time of household members

  -------------------------- -------------- -------------- ---------------
                             Male           Female         Total

  Paid work (n)              251            142            393

  \%                         15.0           8.1            11.5

  Self employed (n)          664            875            1,539

  \%                         39.6           50.0           44.9

  Students (n)               540            458            998

  \%                         32.2           26.2           29.1

  Homemaker (n)              7              55             62

  \%                         0.4            3.1            1.8

  Retired (n)                82             35             117

  \%                         4.9            2.0            3.4

  Unemployed (health         93             144            237
  reasons)                                                 

  \%                         5.5            8.2            6.9

  Unemployed (Other reasons) 7              6              13

  \%                         0.4            0.3            0.4

  Others (n)                 32             35             67

  \%                         1.9            2.0            2.0

  Total                      1676           1750           3426

                             100            100            100
  -------------------------- -------------- -------------- ---------------

![](media/image2.wmf)

There were 68% households said that they were belonging to average group
(self-measured by household heads). 20.23% households said that they
were poor or very poor. The rate of poor and very poor was different
between male and female household heads (17% and 33% respectively).

# Chart 3: Distribution of households by economics status

![](media/image3.wmf)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942331 .anchor}V. Results:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942332 .anchor}1. Proxy-respondents.

The Proxy-respondents impact the results of any survey/census in two
opposite directions. With the too old, too young, persons with
communication/hearing problems, we need to have proxy-respondents. In
context of VLSS survey and Census, we do not have enough sign languages
to interpret for the deaf-and-dump people. In addition, interviewers
could not wait for a long time when household members out of their home
in context of our survey or Census.

We regulated that if a under-twelve person out of home, interviewers
could select a most suitable proxy-respondent from his/her household.

64.4% of surveyed persons provided information/answers by
proxy-respondents. The rate was highest with the age groups 16-30 and
the old persons (around 80%).

Table 5: Type of providing information by age of surveyed people.

  ------------------ -------------------- ------------------ -------------
                     Types of providing                      Total
                     information                             

                     Proxy-respondent     Self-respondents   

  5-10               54.1                 45.9               100

  11-15              61.2                 38.8               100

  16-20              78.9                 21.1               100

  21-30              82.2                 17.8               100

  31-40              51.0                 49.1               100

  41-50              50.8                 49.2               100

  51-60              57.0                 43.0               100

  61+                85.0                 15.0               100

                                                             

  Total              64.36                35.64              100
  ------------------ -------------------- ------------------ -------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942333 .anchor}2. The functional difficulty of
six core questions designed by Washington Group.

The percent of people with "cannot do at all" were under 1%. Self-care
and communication were highest (more than 90%) with "no difficulty".

**Table 5: Number of observations and percentage of people by levels of
difficulty**

+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
|                                 | Observations    | Percent          |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W1. Difficulty with seeing      |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 2,390           | 70.29            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 803             | 23.62            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 184             | 5.41             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 23              | 0.68             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W2. Difficulty hearing          |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 2,924           | 86               |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 368             | 10.82            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 84              | 2.47             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 24              | 0.71             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W3. Difficulty remembering or   |                 |                  |
| concentrating                   |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 2,743           | 80.68            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 524             | 15.41            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 103             | 3.03             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 30              | 0.88             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W4. Difficulty walking or       |                 |                  |
| climbing steps                  |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 2,637           | 77.56            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 564             | 16.59            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 176             | 5.18             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 23              | 0.68             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W5. Difficulty with self-care   |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 3122            | 91.82            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 197             | 5.79             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 49              | 1.44             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 32              | 0.94             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| W6. Communication               |                 |                  |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 0- No difficulty              | 3070            | 90.29            |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 1- Some difficulty            | 235             | 6.91             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 2- A lot of difficulty        | 60              | 1.76             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| > 3- Unable                     | 35              | 1.03             |
+---------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+

![](media/image4.wmf){width="5.073611111111111in"
height="2.6465277777777776in"}

![](media/image5.wmf){width="5.083333333333333in"
height="2.6569444444444446in"}

![](media/image6.wmf){width="5.09375in" height="2.6666666666666665in"}

![](media/image7.wmf){width="5.104861111111111in"
height="2.6770833333333335in"}

![](media/image8.wmf){width="5.115277777777778in"
height="2.6881944444444446in"}

> ![](media/image9.wmf){width="5.125in" height="2.698611111111111in"}

Table 6 and chart 10 show the total functional difficulty prevalence
calculated from six core questions by most functional difficulty. There
were about 12.6% people with a lot of difficulty or unable. People with
some difficulty, a lot of difficulty and unable were high at the age
group 5-10, then decrease for gage group 11-15 and increase again from
21-30. The unable prevalent rate for age groups from 5 to 60 years old
were around 0.27%-2.3%, and increase fastly to 10.1% for people more
than 60 years old.

**Table 6: Functional difficulty prevalance by age groups and levels**

  ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
  Age groups       0          1          2          3          Total

  5-10             61.98      30.42      5.70       1.90       100.00

  11-15            81.61      15.87      1.01       1.51       100.00

  16-20            82.16      15.68      1.89       0.27       100.00

  21-30            80.81      14.86      2.70       1.62       100.00

  31-40            71.25      23.89      4.02       0.85       100.00

  41-50            49.39      41.92      7.62       1.07       100.00

  51-60            28.09      54.12      15.46      2.32       100.00

  61+              8.07       45.34      36.44      10.14      100.00

  Total            55.85      31.56      10.03      2.56       100.00
  ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942334 .anchor}*Number of observations: 3400*

![](media/image10.wmf){width="5.163194444444445in"
height="2.9902777777777776in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942336 .anchor}3. Sensitivity and specificity
test.

The cut of point to define a person with disability is "a lot of
difficulty" or "unable".

The following tables from 7 to 12 show the cross tab of six core
Washington group questions for Census with some extended questions.

Table 7: Cross tab of W1\* Difficulty seeing and recognizing a person
from 7 metter

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| W1. Difficulty  | 4b. Difficulty |                | Total           |
|                 | seeing and     |                |                 |
| seeing          | recognizing a  |                |                 |
|                 | known person   |                |                 |
|                 | from 7 metter. |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Yes             | 106            | 101            | 207             |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 51.21          | 48.79          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| No              | 22             | 3,171          | 3,193           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 0.69           | 99.31          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Total           | 128            | 3,272          | 3,400           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 3.76           | 96.24          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 8: W2\* difficulty hearing what said in a conversation in a crowed
room

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| W2. Difficulty  | 7a. In a       |                | Total           |
|                 | crowded room   |                |                 |
| hearing         |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Yes             | 94             | 14             | 108             |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 87.04          | 12.96          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| No              | 57             | 3,235          | 3,292           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 1.73           | 98.27          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Total           | 151            | 3,249          | 3,400           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 4.44           | 95.56          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 9: W2\* difficulty hearing what said in a conversation in a quiet
room

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| W2. Difficulty  | 7b. In a quiet |                | Total           |
|                 | room           |                |                 |
| hearing         |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Yes             | 51             | 57             | 108             |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 47.22          | 52.78          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| No              | 3              | 3,289          | 3,292           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 0.09           | 99.91          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Total           | 54             | 3,346          | 3,400           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 1.59           | 98.41          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 10: W3\* in remembering the name of people or place

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| W3. Difficulty  | 9a. Difficulty |                | Total           |
|                 | in remembering |                |                 |
| remembering or  | the name of    |                |                 |
|                 | people or      |                |                 |
| concentrating   | place          |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 |                |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Yes             | 87             | 46             | 133             |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 65.41          | 34.59          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| No              | 4              | 3,263          | 3,267           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 0.12           | 99.88          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Total           | 91             | 3,309          | 3,400           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 2.68           | 97.32          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 11: Cross tab of W3\* Difficulty in Remembering how to get to
familiar places

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| W3. Difficulty  | 9c.            |                | Total           |
|                 | Remembering    |                |                 |
| remembering or  | how to get to  |                |                 |
|                 | familiar       |                |                 |
| concentrating   | places         |                |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                 |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Yes             | 63             | 70             | 133             |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 47.37          | 52.63          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| No              | 3              | 3,264          | 3,267           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 0.09           | 99.91          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Total           | 66             | 3,334          | 3,400           |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+
|                 | 1.94           | 98.06          | 100.00          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 12: Cross tab of W3\* Difficulty remembering important tasks

+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| W3. Difficulty   | 9d.            |                | Total          |
|                  | Remembering    |                |                |
| remembering or   | important      |                |                |
|                  | tasks..        |                |                |
| concentrating    |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  |                |                |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  | Yes            | No             |                |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Yes              | 85             | 48             | 133            |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  | 63.91          | 36.09          | 100.00         |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| No               | 11             | 3,256          | 3,267          |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  | 0.34           | 99.66          | 100.00         |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Total            | 96             | 3,304          | 3,400          |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                  | 2.82           | 97.18          | 100.00         |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

Table 13: Cross tab of W3\* Difficulty concentrating on doing smt for
ten minutes

  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W3.Difficulty      10\. Difficulty                     Total
  remembering or     concentrating on                    
  concentrating      doing smt for ten                   
                     minutes                             

                     Yes               No                

  Yes                69                64                133

                     51.88             48.12             100.00

  No                 15                3,252             3,267

                     0.46              99.54             100.00

  Total              84                3,316             3,400

                     2.47              97.53             100.00
  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Table 14: Cross tab of W3\* Difficulty learning new tasks

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| W3.Difficulty   | 11\.           |                | Total          |
| remembering or  | Difficulty     |                |                |
|                 | learning a new |                |                |
| concentrating   | task\...       |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 |                |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 |                |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 |                |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 |                |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Yes             | 82             | 51             | 133            |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 61.65          | 38.35          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| No              | 28             | 3,239          | 3,267          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 0.86           | 99.14          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Total           | 110            | 3,290          | 3,400          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 3.24           | 96.76          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

Table 15: Cross tab of W3\* Difficulty finding solutions to problems in
a day to day life

+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| W3.Difficulty   | 12\.           |                | Total          |
| remembering or  | Difficulty     |                |                |
|                 | finding        |                |                |
| concentrating   | solutions to   |                |                |
|                 | problems\...   |                |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | Yes            | No             |                |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Yes             | 82             | 51             | 133            |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 61.65          | 38.35          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| No              | 34             | 3,233          | 3,267          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 1.04           | 98.96          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Total           | 116            | 3,284          | 3,400          |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|                 | 3.41           | 96.59          | 100.00         |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

Table 16: Cross tab of W4\* Difficulty walking in a long distance 1
kilometer

  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W4.Difficulty      16\. Walking a                      Total
  walking or         long distance 1                     
  climbing steps     km                                  

                                                         

                                                         

                                                         

                     Yes               No                

  Yes                171               28                199

                     85.93             14.07             100.00

  No                 75                3,126             3,201

                     2.34              97.66             100.00

  Total              246               3,154             3,400

                     7.24              92.76             100.00
  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Table 17: Cross tab of W4\* Walking 400 meter

  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W4.Difficulty      17a. Walking 400m                   Total
  walking or                                             
  climbing steps                                         

                                                         

                                                         

                                                         

                     Yes               No                

  Yes                116               83                199

                     58.29             41.71             100.00

  No                 11                3,190             3,201

                     0.34              99.66             100.00

  Total              127               3,273             3,400

                     3.74              96.26             100.00
  ------------------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table 18: Cross tab of W4\* Standing or being on your feet for about 2
hours**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W4. Difficulty    17c. Standing or                    Total
  walking or        being on your                       
  climbing steps    feet for about 2                    
                    hours                               

                    Yes               No                

  Yes               170               29                199

                    85.43             14.57             100.00

  No                147               3,054             3,201

                    4.59              95.41             100.00

  Total             317               3,083             3,400

                    9.32              90.68             100.00
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table 19: Cross tab of W4\* Sitting for about 2 hours**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W4. Difficulty    17d. Sitting for                    Total
  walking or        about 2 hours                       
  climbing steps                                        

                                                        

                                                        

                                                        

                    Yes               No                

  Yes               106               93                199

                    53.27             46.73             100.00

  No                77                3,124             3,201

                    2.41              97.59             100.00

  Total             183               3,217             3,400

                    5.38              94.62             100.00
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table 20: Cross tab of W4\* Stooping, couching or kneeling**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W4. Difficulty    17e. Stooping,                      Total
  walking or        couching or                         
  climbing steps    kneeling                            

                                                        

                                                        

                                                        

                    Yes               No                

  Yes               132               67                199

                    66.33             33.67             100.00

  No                63                3,138             3,201

                    1.97              98.03             100.00

  Total             195               3,205             3,400

                    5.74              94.26             100.00
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table 21: Cross tab of W5\* feeding yourself**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W5. Difficulty    19g. Feeding                        Total
  with self-care.   yourself                            

                                                        

                                                        

                                                        

                    Yes               No                

  Yes               28                53                81

                    34.57             65.43             100.00

  No                2                 3,317             3,319

                    0.06              99.94             100.00

  Total             30                3,370             3,400

                    0.88              99.12             100.00
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table 22: Cross tab of W5\* 24. Difficulty in generally understanding
what people say**

  ------------------- ------------------- --------------------- ------------
  W6. Difficulty      24\. Difficulty in                        Total
  communicating\...   generally                                 
                      understanding\...                         

                                                                

                                                                

                      Yes                 No                    

  Yes                 75                  20                    95

                      78.95               21.05                 100.00

  No                  4                   3,301                 3,305

                      0.12                99.88                 100.00

  Total               79                  3,321                 3,400

                      2.32                97.68                 100.00
  ------------------- ------------------- --------------------- ------------

**Table 23: Cross tab of W5\* difficulty making new friends**

  ------------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  W6. Difficulty      26\. Difficulty                     Total
  communicating\...   making new                          
                      friends                             

                                                          

                                                          

                      Yes               No                

  Yes                 70                25                95

                      73.68             26.32             100.00

  No                  12                3,293             3,305

                      0.36              99.64             100.00

  Total               82                3,318             3,400

                      2.41              97.59             100.00
  ------------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942337 .anchor}VI. Recommendations:

The results from the field test of Thai Binh were introduced to
Ministries and the other stakeholders (see appendix 3f). The results
provided information as basic for GSO to decide to integrate a
disability module in VLSS2006. VLSS2006 data will provide plentiful
information for analyzing PWD in Viet Nam. From the results of VLSS2006,
We can believe a possibility for the Census 2009 with a disability
module.

There some comments were mentioned in the cognitive test. Here are some
recommendations from experiences of the field test:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942338 .anchor}1. Questionnaire:

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942339 .anchor}(a) Introduction:

The sentence: "*The next questions ask about difficulties you may have
doing certain activities because of a HEALTH PROBLEM*" should be added a
short paragraph to explain about "health problem" and some examples to
illustrate "health problem".

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942340 .anchor}(b) The questions:

The W1 is good enough. But the extension question: "Seeing the print in
a map, newspaper or book?" may have a problem with the illiterate, they
cannot read, they are usually misunderstanding by answering: "No, I
cannot read". Can change to: "Seeing or distinguish the print in a map,
newspaper or book?"

The W2 is good enough. However, but there a problem with the extension
question: "Do you have difficulty hearing what is said in a conversation
with one other person in a crowded room?" that we don't have "a
threshold" for a "crowded room".

The W3 need to be revised. The meaning of "concentrating" is unclear.
Interviewees usually asked for clarification or qualify their answer for
this question. We should break the questions to ask separately and
should put a specific example for "concentrating".

The W4 is good enough. But should change "climbing steps" to "climbing
steps of stare or steps of house". In Vietnamese language, we cannot use
the "steps" alone.

The W5 becomes better if put words to emphasize on "ability", other than
"fact". Also, need to emphasize these ones in the training manual.

The W6 should separate into the two following questions:

**Do you have difficulty communicating, for example** understanding **or
being understood by others?**

*If say "Yes, Some difficulty or Yes, A lot of difficulty".* Interviewer
**asks: Is it because of because of a physical, mental or health
condition?**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942341 .anchor}(c) Design format:

Regulate a set of fonts using in the questionnaire (for example, italic,
bold, capital letter, lower-case letter,) so that interviewers can be
easy to follow the process of interviewing and also avoid mistakes.

Also, regulate skip patterns to guide interviewers and avoid mistakes
made by interviewers. Skip patterns help for interviewers from repeating
unnecessary questions which causing uncomfortable feeling for
respondents.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942342 .anchor}(d). Design flash card for
interviewer.

There are many questions that repeating the answer options: "**No,**
**No difficulty** (0)" "**Yes,** **Some difficulty** (1)" "**Yes,** **A
lot of** difficulty**" "Can not do at all". "N***o Answer/Don't Know*
(9)". In this case, should design a flash card look like this:

0 1 2 3

No, Yes, Yes,

No difficulty Some difficulty A lot of difficulty Can not do at all

It make easier for respondents to select the answer options, especially
the disable persons.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942343 .anchor}(e). Disability Module for
VLSS2006:

After the field test, GSO has designed a disability module integrated in
VLSS2006. The fieldwork of the survey has done for the first round and
the second round will be done in October 2006.

The disability module of VLSS2006 was revised from the questionnaire in
appendix 2f (the shading questions were the questions used in the filed
test, but removed for the disability module in VLSS2006).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942344 .anchor}2. About proxy-respondents:

Need to regulate the minimum age for proxy-respondents and research
impacts of proxy-report

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc139942345 .anchor}3. The training manual and
training:

The training manual should be put more and more specific examples and
should present more clearly.

[I. Objectives. 1](#__RefHeading___Toc139942307)

[II. Methodology: 1](#__RefHeading___Toc139942308)

[1. Sample: 1](#__RefHeading___Toc139942309)

[1. Question set to be used for the field test:
2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942310)

[(a). Washington question set: 2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942311)

[(b). Extension set of questions: 2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942312)

[(c). County specific questions: 2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942313)

[2. Questionnaire 2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942314)

[(a). Cover page 2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942315)

[(b). Section A: Household roster and general information.
2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942316)

[(c). Section B: Disability question section
2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942317)

[4. Interviewers and supervisors of the field test:
2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942318)

[5. Interviewers and supervisors of the field test:
2](#__RefHeading___Toc139942319)

[5. Training interviewers: 3](#__RefHeading___Toc139942320)

[A. Questions and answers at the training:
4](#__RefHeading___Toc139942321)

[III. Implementing of the field work: 5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942322)

[1. Interview's teams of the test: 5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942323)

[2. Duration of the test: 5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942324)

[3. Length of an interview. 5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942325)

[4. Problems found from fieldwork and comments from the meeting with
interviewers, supervisors and stakeholders
5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942326)

[A. Problems found from supervising and solutions:
5](#__RefHeading___Toc139942327)

[B. Comments from supervisors, interviewers and stakeholders.
6](#__RefHeading___Toc139942328)

[IV. Data entry and processing data: 7](#__RefHeading___Toc139942329)

[V. Characteristics of the respondent sample:
7](#__RefHeading___Toc139942330)

[V. Results: 11](#__RefHeading___Toc139942331)

[1. Proxy-respondents. 11](#__RefHeading___Toc139942332)

[2. The functional difficulty of six core questions designed by
Washington Group. 12](#__RefHeading___Toc139942333)

[*Number of observations: 3400* 16](#__RefHeading___Toc139942334)

[3. Sensitivity and specificity test. 16](#__RefHeading___Toc139942336)

[VI. Recommendations: 22](#__RefHeading___Toc139942337)

[1. Questionnaire: 23](#__RefHeading___Toc139942338)

[(a) Introduction: 23](#__RefHeading___Toc139942339)

[(b) The questions: 23](#__RefHeading___Toc139942340)

[(c) Design format: 23](#__RefHeading___Toc139942341)

[(d). Design flash card for interviewer.
24](#__RefHeading___Toc139942342)

[(e). Disability Module for VLSS2006: 24](#__RefHeading___Toc139942343)

[2. About proxy-respondents: 24](#__RefHeading___Toc139942344)

[3. The training manual and training: 24](#__RefHeading___Toc139942345)

> 4\. Appendix: 1f, 2f, 3f