Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 8/16/2007

**GAIN Report Number:** GM7039

GM7039

**Germany**

**Exporter Guide**

**Road Map to the German Market**

**2007**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Bobby Richey, Jr.

U.S. Embassy Berlin

**Prepared by:**

Rey Santella and Christel Wagner

**Report Highlights:**

With a population of more than 82 million people, Germany has the
world\'s third largest economy after the United States and Japan, and it
is the leading market for food and beverages in the European Union. In
Calendar Year (CY) 2006, tree nuts accounted for the largest segment of
U.S. agricultural exports to Germany. In addition, U.S. seafood exports
to Germany continued to increase in popularity. In CY 2006, the United
States exported more than \$178 million worth of seafood products to
Germany, 7 percent higher than 2005.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Berlin \[GM1\]

\[GM\]

Table of Contents

[**SECTION I. MARKET OVERVIEW 3**](#section-i.-market-overview)

[Macro Economic Situation 3](#macro-economic-situation)

[Key Demographic Trends 3](#key-demographic-trends)

[Consumer-Ready Food Market Overview
4](#consumer-ready-food-market-overview)

[Imports versus Exports 5](#imports-versus-exports)

[Advantages/Opportunities and Challenges Facing U.S. Products in Germany
5](#advantagesopportunities-and-challenges-facing-u.s.-products-in-germany)

[SECTION II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS
6](#section-ii.-exporter-business-tips)

[Competition/Promotion 7](#competitionpromotion)

[SECTION III. MARKET SECTOR, STRUCTURE AND TRENDS
8](#section-iii.-market-sector-structure-and-trends)

[Food Retail 8](#food-retail)

[Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional (HRI) Foodservice
9](#hotel-restaurant-and-institutional-hri-foodservice)

[SECTION IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS
9](#section-iv.-best-high-value-product-prospects)

[SECTION V. KEY CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION
11](#section-v.-key-contacts-and-further-information)

[German Trade Shows for Consumer-Oriented Products
11](#german-trade-shows-for-consumer-oriented-products)

[Additional Market Information 13](#additional-market-information)

[Internet Home Pages 13](#internet-home-pages)

[Currency Conversion Rates 14](#currency-conversion-rates)

[APPENDIX/ STATISTICS 15](#appendix-statistics)

[TABLE A: KEY GERMAN TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
15](#table-a-key-german-trade-demographic-information)

[TABLE B: CONSUMER FOOD AND EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCT IMPORTS
16](#table-b-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-product-imports)

[TABLE C: CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL
17](#table-c-consumer-oriented-agricultural-total)

[TABLE D: FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS
18](#table-d-fish-and-seafood-products)

# SECTION I. MARKET OVERVIEW

## Macro Economic Situation

Germany has the world\'s third largest economy after the U.S. and Japan,
a population of more than 82 million people, and is the leading market
for food and beverages in the European Union.[^1] After years of
stagnant growth, its economy is finally showing signs of revival. In
2006, Germany's real GDP grew by 2.7 percent, mainly fueled by exports.
In 2007, Germany's economic recovery is expected to continue, albeit at
a slower rate. This is due primarily to a 3-percent increase in the
value added tax to 19% from 16%.[^2]

Germany's improving economy is having a positive impact on its domestic
situation. The average unemployment rate in 2006 was 10.8 percent, an
improvement from 2005 when more than 12 percent of the German population
(5 million people) was out of work.[^3] Nonetheless, the unemployment
rates continue to vary according to region, with western Germany
experiencing lower unemployment levels and regions in eastern Germany
facing more than 20 percent. The budget deficit, on the other hand, was
markedly lower compared to the last four years. In 2006, the budget
deficit decreased from 73 billion to 40 billion euros. As a result, the
public debt ratio dropped to 1.7 percent enabling Germany to go below
its maximum spending limits as fixed in the Treaty of Maastricht.[^4]
Conversely, consumers have gradually increased their savings rate from
9.7 percent in 2000 to an estimated 10.6 percent in 2006.[^5]

The euro has become the currency of choice for some international
traders and currency reserves in Europe. Its value, vis-à-vis the
dollar, has appreciated significantly since it was first introduced as
an accounting currency in 1999.[^6] Market experts believe the euro's
appreciation is likely to increase the cost of German exports and could
hamper economic expansion. Currently the euro/dollar exchange rate is
1.36/1.00. Conversely, the dollar's depreciation is expected to continue
to have a positive impact on U.S. exports to Germany.

## Key Demographic Trends

-   Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, with only
    1.3 babies born per woman of childbearing age. This development is
    not expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. Currently, of
    Germany's 82.4 million inhabitants, 37.4 million, or almost 45
    percent, are 45 years of age or older.[^7]

-   The number of women in the workplace is growing; currently 68
    percent of women in the 15-65 age group work outside the home.[^8]

-   The high share of single-person households and the rising number of
    women in the workforce have led to strong growth in the demand for
    convenient foods and beverages such as frozen foods and snacks.
    Germans are increasingly eating on the run and skipping at least one
    meal a day, having snacks instead.

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-   More than a decade after reunification, an income gap still exists
    between the 67 million people living in the western German states
    and the 15 million in the former East Germany. Average incomes in
    the eastern states are still markedly lower than in the west and the
    unemployment rate in the east is more than twice as high as in the
    west.

-   An estimated 7 million foreigners without German passports live in
    Germany, the majority of whom have been in Germany more than 10
    years. These foreign populations (i.e. Turkish, Lebanese, Chinese,
    Polish, etc.), with their special products and cuisines, have
    exerted considerable influence on the consumption patterns of the
    entire nation. The large immigrant population and the penchant by
    Germans to travel abroad have led to increased consumer preferences
    for certain foreign foods.

-   German consumers are adopting "healthier" eating habits and are
    increasing their purchases of natural and organically produced
    items. These habits include:

    -   High consumption of fruits and vegetables, although it has
        leveled off during the past several years;

    -   Increasing consumption of organic products. The estimated total
        value of the German organic market is approximately € 4.5
        billion. The organic market has an estimated 2.8% market share
        of the total German food market;

    -   Increased interest in functional foods;

    -   Flat level of consumption of most alcoholic beverages; and,

    -   High interest in fruit juices, and an increasing interest in
        lighter fruit-based beverages.

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-   Consumer concerns about the environment, obesity, and the safety of
    the food supply have led many to look for alternative or organic
    product sources, which they view as perhaps better for the
    environment, safer, and more nutritious.

## Consumer-Ready Food Market Overview

Germany represents the biggest market for consumer-oriented foods and
beverages in the EU. Germany's consumers spent more than
[€](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_sign)188 billion (approximately
\$224 billion) in 2005 on food and beverages or about 15 percent of
total national expenditures. Of this amount, about 5 percent was spent
in restaurants, canteens, and other places where food and beverages were
served on-premise. The remaining amount was spent in retail food and
beverage outlets.

Changing lifestyles have fueled a sharp rise in the consumption of
processed, snack, and other consumer-ready foods in Germany. These
products primarily come from neighboring EU member countries. U.S.-style
snack and processed foods are also favorably viewed in Germany,
particularly by the younger generation and by Germans who have visited
the United States. Relatively slow growth in overall food and beverage
sales and fierce competition among retailers has encouraged buyouts and
consolidation in the sector. The competition in the market has also led
to increased spending by governments, quasi-governmental organizations,
and companies on promotional activities. Fierce competition has also
resulted in a handful of giant retailing companies now dominating the
food and beverage sales in Germany and throughout Western Europe.

The domestic market for consumer-oriented food products shows diverging
trends. Staple foods are often sold by retailers at, or occasionally
even below, cost. Meanwhile, the market for specialty foods
(convenience, ethnic, snack foods, etc.), which usually command premium
prices, is steadily growing.

## Imports versus Exports

Despite improved market access as part of the Uruguay Round, many U.S.
agricultural products still face tariff rate quotas and high tariffs
when entering the EU. Particularly high tariffs are assessed on EU
imports of American consumer-oriented products such as animal-based
products, fruit and fruit-based products, and processed food products
containing added sugar, flour, starch, or milk.

In 2004, the EU passed [Council Regulation
1830/2003](http://europa.eu/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_268/l_26820031018en00240028.pdf),
which requires all products, including processed foods produced with
approved biotech ingredients of more than 0.9 percent, be labeled as
"containing genetically modified organisms (GMO)".

34 percent of Germanys agricultural imports from the United States were
comprised of consumer-oriented products. In 2006, Germany's imports of
U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to more than \$550 million, a
13.5-percent increase from the previous year.[^9] The increase in
imported consumer products from the United States occurred mainly in
wine and tree nut products. German imports of 2-liter-bottle wines
soared to nearly \$28 million in 2006 compared to a little more than \$9
million in 2005, an increase of approximately 200 percent. U.S. exports
of walnuts in 2006 also rose significantly to nearly \$36 million, an
increase of 69-percent from the year before. German imports of U.S. fish
and fish products also continued their upward trend totaling
approximately \$179 million. Frozen Alaskan pollocks and Pacific salmon
accounted for most of the U.S. fish exports.

The depreciation of the dollar appears to be having a positive impact on
US exports to Germany. Overall agricultural imports from the United
States in 2006 totaled more than \$1.6 billion, increasing more than 23
percent from the year before.[^10]

## Advantages/Opportunities and Challenges Facing U.S. Products in Germany

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Advantages/Opportunities**        **Challenges**

  Germany's 82.4 million inhabitants  Germany has a very competitive
  have one of the highest average     market, particularly in retail
  income levels in the world.         operations.

  Germany is among the largest        German (EU) import tariffs on
  food/beverage importing nations in  certain products are high. EU
  the world.                          enlargement has given preferential
                                      access to products from accession
                                      countries.

  There is a growing market for       German buyers demand quality, but
  organic products. Private label     also low prices; discounters are
  products are popular.               the fastest growing segment of
                                      retail market.

  Germany has many well-established   Retailers often charge high listing
  importers. The distribution system  fees for products.
  is well developed.                  

  The "American-Way-of-Life" and      Retailers seldom import products
  U.S.-style foods are popular,       into Germany (EU) on their own,
  principally among the affluent      preferring to purchase from central
  younger generation.                 buyers.
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  A large non-German population and   Margins on food at the retail level
  Germans' penchant to travel abroad  are among the lowest in Europe.
  help fuel demand for a variety of   
  foreign products.                   

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

# SECTION II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS

The German market offers good opportunities for U.S. exporters of
consumer-oriented agricultural products. U.S. suppliers of
consumer-ready foods and beverages interested in developing a market for
their products in Germany must be prepared to:

-   Offer a product that meets German/EU food law, packaging, and
    labeling requirements;

-   Invest time and money to develop the market (e.g. provide samples to
    test the market);

-   Start with smaller shipments (pallets instead of container loads);
    and

-   Assist the German importer with sales promotion support, especially
    when such products are not well known to German consumers.

By law, the German importer has legal liability for imported products
marketed in Germany and, therefore, has a strong interest in working
with the foreign supplier to ensure that the product meets all food law
and marketing requirements. Finding the right partner is the key to
success in the German market.

Because of transportation costs, duties, and other costs associated with
importing, many U.S. products sold in Germany become relatively
high-priced specialty items and may only be sold in smaller quantities.
This also pertains to products that are almost considered "staple" foods
in the United States, such as pre-mixes and pancake syrup. Once a U.S.
processed food product is sold in large quantities or meets a current
trend in the market, production is often relocated to somewhere within
the EU.

All imported food products must comply with German/EU food law
regulations with regard to ingredients, packaging and labeling, as well
as with applicable veterinary or phytosanitary requirements. In Germany,
no official agency is responsible for food label registration, review,
clearance, and approval. Private registered food laboratories are
available, however, to provide these types of services.

With the exception of dried aromatic herbs and spices, irradiated foods
are prohibited in Germany, although such imports are allowed in other EU
countries.

Meat and seafood products (including game) from the United States can
only be imported into Germany from plants approved by EU veterinarians.
An EU-wide ban on growth-promoting hormones used for beef production has
sharply reduced U.S. access to the EU beef market. Despite a favorable
ruling by the World Trade Organization (WTO) the EU has yet to lift the
ban.

For more comprehensive information regarding German/EU food importing
regulations and standards please refer to the [Food and Agricultural
Import Regulations & Standards (FAIRS)]{.underline} report on the FAS
home page at [http://www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/). Visit
<http://useu.usmission.gov/agri/usda.html> for further US/EU
agricultural trade information.

**Import and Distribution**

In Germany, specialized importers usually handle the import and
distribution of food and beverage products from countries outside of the
EU. German retail organizations rarely import directly from countries
outside the EU, except for items that they purchase in large quantities.

Traditional importers normally specialize in products or product groups.
Due to regular intensive contact with their customers, they usually have
an in-depth knowledge of the requirements of individual retailers and of
the market conditions in Germany. For example, they source products,
handle import (customs) formalities, logistics, supply maintenance and
often even pricing and labeling. They also typically advise foreign
exporters and ensure that imported products meet food, labeling,
packaging, packaging material disposal (including \"Green Dot\" licenses
and fees), and other market requirements.

Importers can also arrange for consolidated shipments of products, such
as specialty foods to test the market and gain access to distribution
channels. Importers normally distribute nation-wide, either through
their own sales force or through a network of independent sales agents.

Direct sales to the central purchasing organizations of food retailers
may be the most desirable product-entry system for a foreign supplier.
Due to their wide range of distribution, central buyers are generally
flooded with offers from competing suppliers. Purchasing organizations
often have only a limited interest in working with new suppliers, unless
particular advantages in quality, price, or promotional support are
offered.

New products on the German market may require up to 12 to 18 months of
testing to obtain market acceptance. Listing (slotting) fees in the
equivalent of several thousand dollars or more per product are common
and do not assure shelf space if a profitable turnover is not achieved
rather quickly. The exception may be a retailer\'s desire to maintain a
competitive edge with a full-service assortment.

## Competition/Promotion

The German food retail market is highly diversified and extremely price
competitive, with domestic and foreign suppliers competing fiercely for
shelf space. Food promotions under a national banner have a solid
foundation within the trade and retail sectors and, when appropriately
designed and stocked, can yield effective results for the exporter and
the domestic sales partner.

Third-country promotions for food products in Germany strongly focus on
generic aspects. Examples are: in-store promotions, special combined
editorial and advertising sections in trade magazines, and national
exhibits at trade and consumer fairs. In department stores, a country
may be featured with a full line of food and non-food products as well
as other economic segments, such as tourism.

Well over half of Germany's agricultural imports, including
consumer-oriented products, are sourced from other EU-member countries,
principally France, the Netherlands and Italy. Germany's major
consumer-oriented agricultural imports from other EU-member countries
are: meat and products, dairy products, fresh and processed fruit and
vegetables, wine, flowers and nursery products, and processed food.

In addition to the United States, Germany also imports significant
quantities of agricultural products from non-EU countries such as
Turkey, Japan, Malaysia, Brazil, Argentina, and South Africa. Germany's
major consumer-oriented product imports from these countries include:
fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, oilseeds, nuts and dried
fruit, and meat and meat products.

EU import restrictions and food law requirements effectively serve to
limit the range of products imported from third countries. Large
promotion campaigns typically concentrate on products unavailable in the
EU or on products that are in limited supply due to the changes in
seasons or climatic reasons, for example, Chilean fresh fruits or New
Zealand lamb and game meats.

During special promotions, original U.S. products may be featured which
do not meet German labeling laws. However, any U.S. supplier seriously
interested in marketing products in Germany must comply with German
regulations. Also, marketing and promotional support to retailers are
normally expected from foreign (U.S.) suppliers.

# SECTION III. MARKET SECTOR, STRUCTURE AND TRENDS

## Food Retail 

Germany's improving economy and the weakness of the dollar vis-à-vis the
Euro (€) should bode well for U.S. exports to Germany. In 2005,
Germany's food and beverage retailers registered annual sales turnover
of nearly €128 billion (or about \$152 billion).[^11] Since 2001,
overall food and beverage sales have increased by 8 percent.[^12]

Small local shops and supermarkets still comprise the bulk of outlets,
but they are increasingly being replaced by large hypermarkets and
discount food stores. Hypermarkets and discounters now account for about
66.5 percent of all retail food and beverage sales, despite accounting
for less than one-quarter of all the outlets. Metro AG is Germany's
largest operator of hypermarkets. Aldi is the leading operator of
discount markets followed closely by the Schwarz Group (Lidl).

The discount segment has been the most dynamic retail segment in
Germany. Discounters have prospered in recent years, as German consumers
have become increasingly price conscious. In addition, discount stores,
which generally tend to be small in size, have benefited from German
laws favoring small retailers. In terms of sales, discount stores
comprise 40.6 percent of the retail food market sales, up 3 percent from
CY 2004. From CY 2000 to CY 2005, the number of discounter outlets grew
from 12,970 to 14,610, whereas the total number of German food retail
outlets decreased from 70,463 to 61,460 during the same time frame. On a
sales basis, Aldi is the largest discounter with about 41.5 percent of
the discount market; however, in 2005, Lidl recorded stronger sales
growth than Aldi.[^13]

German retailers, including buying associations such as Markant,
normally source most, if not all, of their imported products from
specialized importers. Most U.S. companies interested in exporting to
Germany and in developing a position in the German market are advised to
work with an importer(s) or with an agent/broker that services these
sectors.

For more information on the retail market, please see the report
entitled Germany's Retail Food Sector on the FAS home page at
[http://www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/).

## Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional (HRI) Foodservice

The German food service sector is large and highly fragmented, but can
be divided into the commercial and institutional food service markets.
The German commercial food service market includes hotels, restaurants,
fast food and take-out outlets, bars, cafeterias, coffee shops, and
similar channels. The institutional food service market is comprised of
hospitals, universities, nursing homes, and cafeterias.

Only 5 percent of German food and beverage expenditures are in the food
service sector. Total sales turnover of the German food service market
amounted to €66 billion in 2005 (\$79 billion).

The traditional full-service gastronomy includes restaurants, pubs, and
cafes. The bigger players include McDonalds and Autobahn Tank & Rast.
Industry sources predict that the largest growth opportunities in the
German consumer foodservice sector over the next 2-3 years will be in
coffee bars/shops, gas station snacks, home-delivery, and leisure snack
shops.

German food service operators rarely import products directly from third
(non-EU) countries, because of:

-   The relatively small quantities needed;

-   Complex import procedures;

-   Language barriers;

-   Time differences; and,

-   Unavailability of specialized importers willing to take potential
    risks.

To ensure that the imported products meet all sanitary and health
requirements, major operators from the institutional catering sector
often buy through central buying offices. Large caterers may
occasionally import directly or ask their importers or brokers to obtain
products they are especially interested in. The two major distribution
channels for the German food service trade are Cash & Carry Wholesalers
and Specialized Distributor/Wholesalers.

All food products imported must comply with German/EU food law
requirements. For details see the EU Food and Agricultural Import
Regulations & Standards (FAIRS) report on the FAS Homepage -
<http://useu.usmission.gov/agri/fairs.html> and for more information
about the German gastronomy sector please see the HRI report for
Germany.

# SECTION IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS

Despite the existence of a "single" EU market, consumer demand and the
structure of the food and beverage market vary substantially between the
individual EU member-countries, as well as differing among the different
regions of Germany. Generally, those U.S. products with the best export
opportunities in the German market meet one or more of the following
criteria:

-   The basic product is not produced in Europe in sufficient quantities
    or the American quality is superior;

-   The product (usually fresh) is available on a counter-seasonal
    basis; and,

-   The product is unique to the United States.

The following products from the United States may have good potential
for market niches in Germany:

-   **Specialty Items**: Specialty food items and products, particularly
    those with little or no competition from European production, have
    good sales potential in Germany. These products include:
    delicatessen and snack foods, novelty products, food products
    germane to the United States, spices, dried vegetables, wild rice,
    and nutritional foods and supplements.

-   **Ethnic Foods**: One of the fastest growing segments of the German
    food service sector is ethnic food. European ethnic foods, for
    example Italian, Greek, and Spanish foods, have been popular in
    Germany for years. Recently, Asian, Mexican or Tex-Mex, and
    Middle-Eastern foods have experienced increasing popularity due in
    part to the extensive international travel by Germans and a growing
    immigrant population. These ethnic products have become so popular,
    and sold in sufficient quantities, that they are now being produced
    by the German/European food industry and adapted to local tastes.
    Such domestically produced products can often be sold at lower
    prices than imports, which require higher mark-ups due to
    transportation costs and import duties.

-   **Nuts**: Germany imports significant quantities of a wide
    assortment of tree nuts, as well as peanuts and sunflower seeds. In
    Germany, most tree nuts are used as ingredients by the food
    processing sector, for ice cream, confectionery, breakfast cereals,
    and baked goods. Sunflower seeds are also used mostly as a food
    ingredient, particularly in very popular sunflower seed bread and
    bread rolls. The German food service industry offers good
    opportunities for U.S. exporters of almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts,
    pecans, pistachios, as well as peanuts and confectionery quality
    sunflower seeds.

-   **Dried Fruit**: Like nuts, Germany imports a significant quantity
    and a wide assortment of dried fruits. Dried fruit is mostly used as
    an ingredient by the food-processing sector in breakfast cereals,
    baked goods, etc. Dried fruit is also popular as a snack, often in
    combination with nuts.

-   **Wine**: Wine consumption in Germany has been growing during recent
    years. In particular, the demand for red wine is strong. Good
    prospects exist for "new world" wines, including those from the
    United States. Germany is the world's largest importer of wine, with
    imports accounting for about one-half of domestic consumption.

-   **Fresh Fruits and Vegetables**: Opportunities are greatest for
    products that are not grown in Europe, or are grown in only limited
    quantities. Potential also exists for fresh products that can be
    supplied when EU product is off-season, which may be a period of
    several weeks prior to or after the local crop is marketed. Apples,
    green asparagus, grapefruit, pears, certain soft fruits, and berries
    offer the best opportunities.

-   **Fruit Juices**: Germany has one of the highest rates of per capita
    juice consumption in the world. The most popular juices are apple
    and orange, and these two items also account for most imports. The
    best opportunities for U.S. products in the German market are citrus
    (orange and grapefruit) and specialty (cranberry and prune) juices.

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-   **Dairy Products:** Opportunities in this sector are mostly limited
    to niche products, because the EU is a net exporter of dairy
    products. EU import tariffs typically increase the price for
    imported dairy products well beyond that of domestic product, which
    leaves only limited potential for specialty products at relatively
    high prices.

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-   **Pet Food:** The German market for pet food and pet-related
    products is large, reflecting a large pet population and German's
    affinity for their pets \-- particularly dogs, cats, birds, and
    horses. Several large German companies dominate the prepared pet
    food market, however, U.S. pet food and ingredients still face good
    prospects in the German market.\
    \
    EU regulation 1774/2002 introduced certain restrictions related to
    pet food production. It requires that animal by-products used in the
    production of feeds and pet food be derived from the carcasses of
    animal declared fit for human consumption following veterinary
    inspection. Provisions include a ban on intra-species recycling and
    fallen stock and restrictions on yellow grease. Certain categories
    of pet food have to be denatured with specified substances. Pet food
    plants have to be dedicated to production of product fit for human
    consumption. For further details please see the website of the U.S.
    Mission to the EU: <http://useu.usmission.gov/agri/by-products.html>

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-   **Fish and Seafood**: Fish consumption in Germany is growing as
    consumers associate fishery products with a modern healthy diet.
    Product innovation by the fish industry, which provides a larger
    variation in fish dishes, adds to the popularity of seafood. Best
    prospects for U.S. seafood exports to Germany are Alaska pollock,
    salmon, caviar substitutes, hake, cod, and lobster.

-   **High Quality Beef and Game Products**: Limited opportunities exist
    for hormone-free, high quality beef, game, and exotic meat products.
    Although these products are normally very expensive, they have found
    a market in German gourmet restaurants. All meat must originate from
    plants certified and approved by EU authorities before it can be
    shipped to or sold in the German market.

# SECTION V. KEY CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION

## German Trade Shows for Consumer-Oriented Products

Participating or simply attending a trade show can be a very
cost-effective way to test the German market, to introduce a product, or
to expand sales. Germany offers a wide variety of trade show venues for
food and beverage products. The following table provides details on
major trade shows for food, beverages, and other agricultural and
related industries taking place in Germany.

+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Important German Trade      |           |                          |
| Shows --**                    |           |                          |
+===============================+===========+==========================+
| **Heimtextil (International   | January 9 | Show Organizer:          |
| Fabrics Show)**               | -- 12,    |                          |
|                               | 2008      | Messe Frankfurt GmbH     |
| Frankfurt, Main, Germany      |           |                          |
|                               |           | Ludwig-Erhard-Anlage 1   |
| (Interval: yearly)            |           |                          |
|                               |           | 60327 Frankfurt/Main     |
| Target market: Germany/Europe |           |                          |
|                               |           | Ph: (+49-69) 7575-0      |
| The world's biggest trade     |           |                          |
| fair for home and             |           | Fax: (+49-69) 7575-6433  |
| commercially used textiles.   |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.mes                 |
|                               |           | sefrankfurt.com](http:// |
|                               |           | www.messefrankfurt.com/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <                        |
|                               |           | info@messefrankfurt.com> |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **IPM (International Plant    | February  | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
| Show)**                       | 24 -- 27, |                          |
|                               | 2008      | Essen fairground's U.S.  |
| Essen, Germany (Interval:     |           | office: Tel: (212)       |
| yearly)                       |           | 356-0406                 |
|                               |           |                          |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |           | Fax: (212) 356-0404      |
|                               |           |                          |
| European trade fair for the   |           | [www.messe-essen.de](htt |
| horticultural and nursery     |           | p://www.messe-essen.de/) |
| industry.                     |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.ipm-messe.de](h     |
|                               |           | ttp://www.ipm-messe.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <info@messe-essen.de>    |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **ISM (International Sweets   | January   | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
| and Biscuit Show)**           | 27 -- 30, | National Confectioners   |
|                               | 2008      | Association (NCA)        |
| Cologne, Germany (Interval:   |           |                          |
| yearly)                       |           | Tel: (703) 790‑5750      |
|                               |           |                          |
| Target Market:                |           | Fax: (703) 790‑5752      |
| Europe/International          |           |                          |
|                               |           | <http                    |
| World's largest show for      |           | ://www.ism-cologne.com/> |
| snacks and confectionery      |           |                          |
| products.                     |           | <http://w                |
|                               |           | ww.koelnmessenafta.com/> |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Fruit Logistica**           | February  | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
|                               | 7 -- 9,   |                          |
| Berlin, Germany (Interval:    | 2008      | B\*FOR International:    |
| yearly)                       |           |                          |
|                               |           | Tel: (540) 373-9935      |
| Target Market:                |           |                          |
| Germany/Central & Eastern     |           | Fax: (540) 372-1411      |
| Europe                        |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.fru                 |
| Good venue for exhibiting     |           | itlogistica.com](http:// |
| fresh and dried fruit, nuts   |           | www.fruitlogistica.com/) |
| and related products.         |           |                          |
|                               |           | <h                       |
|                               |           | ttp://www.exhibitpro.com |
|                               |           | /services/pavilion.aspx> |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Bio Fach**                  | February  | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
|                               | 21 -- 24, |                          |
| Nuremberg, Germany (Interval: | 2008      | B\*FOR International:    |
| yearly)                       |           |                          |
|                               |           | Tel: (540) 373-9935      |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |           |                          |
|                               |           | Fax: (540) 372-1411      |
| The leading European          |           |                          |
| tradeshow for organic food    |           | [www.biofach.de]         |
| and non-food products.        |           | (http://www.biofach.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <h                       |
|                               |           | ttp://www.exhibitpro.com |
|                               |           | /services/pavilion.aspx> |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Equitana**                  | March 14  | Show Organizer:          |
|                               | -- 22,    |                          |
| Essen, Germany (Interval: 2   | 2009      | Messe Essen GmbH         |
| years)                        |           |                          |
|                               |           | Tel: (+49-201) 7244-0    |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |           |                          |
|                               |           | Fax: (+49-201) 7244-513  |
| The leading European          |           |                          |
| tradeshow for the equestrian  |           | [www.messe-essen.de](htt |
| market.                       |           | p://www.messe-essen.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.equitana.de](       |
|                               |           | http://www.equitana.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <info@equitana.de>       |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Internorga**                | March 7   | Show Organizer:          |
|                               | -- 12,    |                          |
| Hamburg, Germany, (Interval:  | 2008      | Hamburg fair             |
| yearly)                       |           | authorities,             |
|                               |           |                          |
| Target Market: Northern       |           | Tel: (49-40) 35 69 0     |
| Germany                       |           |                          |
|                               |           | Fax: (49-40) 36 69 21 80 |
| Show for the hotel,           |           |                          |
| restaurant, catering, baking  |           | [www.internorga.de](ht   |
| and confectionery trades.     |           | tp://www.internorga.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <info@hamburg-messe.de>  |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **ProWein**                   | March 16  | Show Organizer:          |
|                               | -- 18,    |                          |
| Duesseldorf, Germany,         | 2008      | Duesseldorf Messe        |
| (Interval: yearly)            |           | Authorities              |
|                               |           |                          |
| Target Market: International  |           | Tel: (49-211) 4560 01    |
|                               |           |                          |
| International Trade Show for  |           | Fax: (49-211) 4560 668   |
| wine and spirits.             |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.prowein.de]         |
|                               |           | (http://www.prowein.de/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | <in                      |
|                               |           | fo@messe-duesseldorf.de> |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **Interzoo**                  | May       | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
|                               | 22-25,    | Nuremberg fairground's   |
| Nuernberg, Germany,           | 2008      | U.S. representative,     |
| (Interval: 2 years)           |           |                          |
|                               |           | Tel: (208) 265-1714      |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |           |                          |
|                               |           | Fax: (208) 265-1713      |
| Leading trade show for pet    |           |                          |
| food and supplies.            |           | [www.interzoo.com](h     |
|                               |           | ttp://www.interzoo.com/) |
|                               |           |                          |
|                               |           | [www.concord             |
|                               |           | expogroup.com](http://ww |
|                               |           | w.concordexpogroup.com/) |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+
| **ANUGA**                     | October   | U.S. Pavilion Organizer: |
|                               | 13 -- 17, |                          |
| Cologne, Germany, (Interval:  | 2007      | Koelnmesse, Inc. Chicago |
| 2 years)                      |           |                          |
|                               | October   | Tel: (773) 326-9920      |
| Target Market:                | 10 -- 14, |                          |
| Europe/International          | 2009      | Fax: (773) 714-0063      |
|                               |           |                          |
| One of the leading            |           | [www.koeln               |
| international trade shows for |           | messenafta.com](http://w |
| food and beverages, and the   |           | ww.koelnmessenafta.com/) |
| premier show of its kind held |           |                          |
| in Germany. Traditionally     |           | [www.anuga.com           |
| there is a large U.S.         |           | ](http://www.anuga.com/) |
| Pavilion at this show         |           |                          |
| featuring about 150-200 U.S.  |           |                          |
| companies and associations.   |           |                          |
| USDA-endorsed show.           |           |                          |
+-------------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+

More information about these and other German exhibitions and trade
shows can be found under the following Internet address:
[www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/)

## Additional Market Information

## Internet Home Pages

Internet home pages of potential interest to U.S. food and beverage
exporters are listed below:

U.S. Mission to the European Union
<http://useu.usmission.gov/agri/usda.html>

FAS/Washington [www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

European Importer Directory
[www.american-foods.org](http://www.american-foods.org/)

FAS/Berlin <http://germany.usembassy.gov/germany/fas/index.html>

Ausstellungs und Messe-Ausschuss (AUMA)
[www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/)

If you have questions or comments regarding this report, or need
assistance exporting to Germany, please contact the U.S. Agricultural
Affairs Office in Berlin at the following address:

Foreign Agricultural Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Embassy of United States of America

Clayallee 170

14195 Berlin, Germany

Tel: (49) (30) 8305 - 1150

Fax: (49) (30) 8431 - 1935

Email: <AgBerlin@usda.gov>

Home Page: <http://germany.usembassy.gov/germany/fas/index.html>

Please view our Home Page for more information on exporting U.S. food
and beverage products to Germany, including market and product "briefs"
available on specific topics of interest to U.S. exporters.

Importer listings are available from the Agricultural Affairs Office for
use by U.S. exporters of U.S. food and beverage products. Recent reports
of interests to U.S. exporters interested in the German Market include:

Report Title Report Number Month Report was written

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  FAIRS Report            GM 7031                 August 2007

  Wine Report             GM 7002                 January 2007

  Fish Products Report    GM 6037                 September 2006

  Kosher Market Report    GM 6036                 September 2006

  HRI Food Service Sector GM 6018                 April 2006
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

For more information on exporting U.S. agricultural products to other
countries, please visit the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page at
[www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

## Currency Conversion Rates

The value of the dollar has been decreasing against the Euro since 2002.
This report includes the dollar equivalents for the reader's
convenience, but they are based on annual exchange rates, not the
floating rate. All percentage changes mentioned in this report are based
on the € levels.

Average Annual Currency Conversion Rates:

2002 1 U.S. \$ = 1.0575 €

2003 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8840 €

2004 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8051 €

2005 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8078 €

2006 1 U.S. \$ = 0.7580 €

# APPENDIX/ STATISTICS

## TABLE A: KEY GERMAN TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION 

+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| **[Key Trade & Demographic Information -           | [U.S.   | [    |
| 2006]{.underline}**                                | \$      | Perc |
|                                                    | Million | ent] |
|                                                    | s]{.und | {.un |
|                                                    | erline} | derl |
|                                                    |         | ine} |
+====================================================+=========+======+
| [Agricultural Imports from World/U.S. Market Share | \       | 2%   |
| (%)]{.underline}[^14]                              | $66,344 |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Consumer‑Ready Food Product Imports from          | 39,936  | 1%   |
| World/U.S. Market Share (%)^1^]{.underline}        |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Edible Fishery Imports from World/U.S. Market     | \$3,502 | 5%   |
| Share (%)^1^]{.underline}                          |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Forest Product Imports from World/U.S. Market     | \$5,305 | 3%   |
| Share (%)^1^]{.underline}                          |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Urban Population (Millions)/Growth                | 88      | 0.5% |
| Rate]{.underline}[^15]                             |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Number of Major Metropolitan                      | 5       |      |
| Areas]{.underline}[^16]                            |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Unemployment Rate^3^]{.underline}                 | 10.8%   |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Size of Middle Class (Millions)]{.underline}      | N.A.    |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (U.S.           | \       |      |
| Dollars)]{.underline}[^17]                         | $29,210 |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Per Capita Food Expenditures (U.S.                | \$2,177 |      |
| Dollars)^3^]{.underline}                           |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Percent of Female Population                      | 66.8    |      |
| Employed^3^]{.underline}                           |         |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+
| [Exchange Rate (Average Annual for                 | U.S.    |      |
| 2006)]{.underline}[^18]                            | \$1 =   |      |
|                                                    |         |      |
|                                                    | 0.7580  |      |
|                                                    | Euro    |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------+------+

## 

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 49%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><h2
id="table-b-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-product-imports">TABLE B:
CONSUMER FOOD AND EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCT IMPORTS</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10">German Imports of Agriculture, Fish &amp; Forestry
Products (in Millions of Dollars)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Germany Imports</td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the World</td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the U.S.</td>
<td colspan="3">U.S. Market Share</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>(In Millions of Dollars)</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>2006</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>2006</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>2005</td>
<td>2006</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>38969</td>
<td>40243</td>
<td>39935</td>
<td>442</td>
<td>484</td>
<td>550</td>
<td>1.13</td>
<td>1.21</td>
<td>1.38</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</td>
<td>2185</td>
<td>2080</td>
<td>2064</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</td>
<td>162</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>141</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.49</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Red Meats, Fresh/Chilled/Frozen</td>
<td>3331</td>
<td>3575</td>
<td>3618</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Red Meats, Prepared/Preserved</td>
<td>1164</td>
<td>1290</td>
<td>1258</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Poultry Meat</td>
<td>1085</td>
<td>1181</td>
<td>808</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</td>
<td>2246</td>
<td>2324</td>
<td>2505</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.06</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cheese</td>
<td>2781</td>
<td>2541</td>
<td>2641</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Eggs &amp; Products</td>
<td>565</td>
<td>556</td>
<td>527</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0.92</td>
<td>1.15</td>
<td>1.08</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fresh Fruit</td>
<td>4569</td>
<td>4590</td>
<td>4478</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fresh Vegetables</td>
<td>3493</td>
<td>3689</td>
<td>3623</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</td>
<td>3991</td>
<td>4106</td>
<td>4128</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>1.06</td>
<td>1.02</td>
<td>1.32</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</td>
<td>1094</td>
<td>1128</td>
<td>1289</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0.86</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tree Nuts</td>
<td>900</td>
<td>1164</td>
<td>1225</td>
<td>244</td>
<td>305</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wine &amp; Beer</td>
<td>2677</td>
<td>2722</td>
<td>2768</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>1.20</td>
<td>1.99</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</td>
<td>2460</td>
<td>2494</td>
<td>2168</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>0.84</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</td>
<td>720</td>
<td>752</td>
<td>734</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0.65</td>
<td>0.60</td>
<td>0.48</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</td>
<td>5537</td>
<td>5895</td>
<td>5770</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>1.26</td>
<td>0.86</td>
<td>0.97</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</strong></td>
<td>2828</td>
<td>3224</td>
<td>3503</td>
<td>154</td>
<td>167</td>
<td>179</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Salmon</td>
<td>359</td>
<td>477</td>
<td>508</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>3.37</td>
<td>3.18</td>
<td>3.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Surimi</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Crustaceans</td>
<td>348</td>
<td>404</td>
<td>412</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1.70</td>
<td>1.20</td>
<td>1.39</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Groundfish &amp; Flatfish</td>
<td>1159</td>
<td>1285</td>
<td>1518</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>128</td>
<td>132</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mollusks</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1.47</td>
<td>1.97</td>
<td>2.75</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Other Fishery Products</td>
<td>834</td>
<td>912</td>
<td>905</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>1.06</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>1.49</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>53898</td>
<td>55940</td>
<td>57110</td>
<td>994</td>
<td>991</td>
<td>1274</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>AGRICULTURAL, FISH &amp; FORESTRY TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>62114</td>
<td>64588</td>
<td>66345</td>
<td>1322</td>
<td>1324</td>
<td>1631</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Source: Global Trade Atlas</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| ## TABLE             |              |              |                |
|  C: CONSUMER-ORIENTE |              |              |                |
| D AGRICULTURAL TOTAL |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Reporting: Germany - | Import       |              |                |
| Top 15 Ranking       |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | 2004         | 2005         | 2006           |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | Value        | Value        | Value          |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | 1000\$       | 1000\$       | 1000\$         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Netherlands          | 9693827      | 9831388      | 9446193        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Italy                | 4267670      | 4484318      | 4318718        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| France               | 4622293      | 4397301      | 4241433        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Belgium              | 3383013      | 3484466      | 3506302        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Spain                | 3300968      | 3288225      | 3032900        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Austria              | 1583913      | 1745022      | 1825156        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Denmark              | 1830109      | 1794205      | 1770007        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Poland               | 1098170      | 1344332      | 1417298        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Turkey               | 784040       | 916103       | 971909         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Ireland              | 969298       | 962030       | 1102148        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Switzerland          | 748353       | 782771       | 856991         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| United Kingdom       | 641627       | 643243       | 596491         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Brazil               | 429141       | 493660       | 585092         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| United States        | 442270       | 484974       | 550459         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Greece               | 492936       | 570285       | 524173         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Other                | 4409303      | 5021309      | 5190690        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| World                | 38696931     | 40243632     | 39935960       |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Data: Harmonized     |              |              |                |
| Tariff Schedule (HS  |              |              |                |
| 6 Digit)             |              |              |                |
|                      |              |              |                |
| Source: Global Trade |              |              |                |
| Atlas                |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+

## TABLE D: FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS

+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| **FISH & SEAFOOD PRODUCTS**         |          |          |          |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Reporting: Germany - Top 15 Ranking | Import   |          |          |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
|                                     | 2004     | 2005     | 2006     |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
|                                     | Value    | Value    | Value    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
|                                     | 1000\$   | 1000\$   | 1000\$   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Denmark                             | 531395   | 493523   | 467276   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Netherlands                         | 392550   | 480562   | 439431   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| China (Peoples Republic of)         | 190128   | 236069   | 355992   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Poland                              | 168875   | 278568   | 324062   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Norway                              | 186890   | 240536   | 256441   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| United States                       | 154201   | 166675   | 178831   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Chile                               | 62734    | 100290   | 138765   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Russian Federation                  | 95607    | 95933    | 133975   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Thailand                            | 46783    | 75999    | 97574    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| France                              | 101108   | 113624   | 93982    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| United Kingdom                      | 81460    | 89796    | 91705    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Vietnam                             | 29771    | 52180    | 81131    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Iceland                             | 68456    | 75156    | 76866    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Sweden                              | 78808    | 66166    | 62399    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Spain                               | 63339    | 61030    | 61744    |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Other                               | 575830   | 598299   | 642728   |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| World                               | 2827935  | 3224406  | 3502902  |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
|                                     |          |          |          |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule    |          |          |          |
| (HS 6 Digit)                        |          |          |          |
|                                     |          |          |          |
| Source Global Trade Atlas           |          |          |          |
+-------------------------------------+----------+----------+----------+

# 

[^1]: Source: World Bank ranking of GDP, 2004.
    <http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GDP.pdf>

[^2]: Deutsche Welle und the Economist

[^3]: Germany\'s Federal Employment Office

[^4]: State Cable 00884. The European Union's Stability and Growth Pact
    requires member states to keep their public deficits to less than
    three percent of output.

[^5]: Forbes.com

[^6]: Wikipedia - The euro was introduced to world financial markets as
    an [accounting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting) currency in
    1999 and launched as physical
    [coins](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin) and
    [banknotes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote) in 2002.

[^7]: Federal Statistical Office Germany

[^8]: Federal Statistical Office Germany

[^9]: Global Trade Atlas

[^10]: Global Trade Atlas

[^11]: Exchange rate of 1.19

[^12]: EuroHandels Institute 2006/2007

[^13]: EuroHandels Institute 2006/2007

[^14]: ^1^ Source: Global Trade Atlas

[^15]: ^2^ Source: UNICEF Statistics by Country

[^16]: ^3^ Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany, Statistical
    Yearbook, based on latest available data.

[^17]: ^4^ ^3^ Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany, Statistical
    Yearbook, based on latest available data.

[^18]: ^5^ Source: US Internal Revenue Service