**Polycose Article References:**

[Bergus GR, Murphy
NJ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1580171&dopt=Abstract).
Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: comparison of a glucose
polymer and a glucose monomer test beverage. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1992
May-Jun;5(3):241-7.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1580171&dopt=Abstract>

[Boyd KL, Ross EK, Sherman
SJ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8610782&dopt=Abstract).
Jelly beans as an alternative to a cola beverage containing fifty grams
of glucose. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995 Dec;173(6):1889-92 (Level II-2)

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8610782&dopt=Abstract>

[Colley
CM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Colley+CM"%5BAuthor%5D)
Modify the oral glucose tolerance test? [Clin
Chem.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Clin Chem.');) 1990
Sep;36(9):1704-5.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2208726>

[Colley
CM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Colley+CM"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Larner
JR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Larner+JR"%5BAuthor%5D)
The use of Fortical in glucose tolerance tests. [Ann Clin
Biochem.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Ann Clin Biochem.');) 1990
Sep;27 ( Pt 5):496-8.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2281932>

[Court
DJ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Court+DJ"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Stone
PR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Stone+PR"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Killip
M](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Killip+M"%5BAuthor%5D).
Comparison of glucose and a glucose polymer for testing oral
carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy. [Obstet
Gynecol.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Obstet Gynecol.');) 1984
Aug;64(2):251-5.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6377152>

[Court
DJ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Court+DJ"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Mann
SL](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Mann+SL"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Stone
PR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Stone+PR"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Goldsbury
SM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Goldsbury+SM"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Dixon-McIvor
D](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Dixon-McIvor+D"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Baker
JR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Baker+JR"%5BAuthor%5D).
Comparison of glucose polymer and glucose for screening and tolerance
tests in pregnancy. [Obstet
Gynecol.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Obstet Gynecol.');) 1985
Oct;66(4):491-9.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4047540>

[Coustan DR, Widness JA, Carpenter MW, Rotondo L, Pratt
DC](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3688066&dopt=Abstract).
The \"breakfast tolerance test\": screening for gestational diabetes
with a standardized mixed nutrient meal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987
Nov;157(5):1113-7 (Level II-2)\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3688066&dopt=Abstract>

Davidson MB. Diabetes mellitus: Diagnosis and treatment Vol. 1, John
Wiley and Sons, New York. 1981 (Chapter 1, reference #12, page 7)

[De Leacy
EA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="De+Leacy+EA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Cowley
DM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Cowley+DM"%5BAuthor%5D).
Variability of glucose tolerance test in pregnancy diminished by use of
a glucose polymer. [Clin
Chem.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Clin Chem.');) 1992
Jul;38(7):1388-9.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1623616>

[Dornhorst A, Frost
G](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10703798&dopt=Abstract).
Jelly-beans, only a colorful distraction from gestational
glucose-challenge tests. Lancet 2000 Feb 26;355(9205):674 (Level III)

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10703798&dopt=Abstract>

[Genuth
SM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Genuth+SM"%5BAuthor%5D).
Plasma insulin response to an oral carbohydrate solution.
[Diabetes.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Diabetes.');) 1969
Jun;18(6):434-6.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4892444>

Kent GT, Leonards JR Mass screening for diabetes in a metropolitan area
using finger blood glucose after a carbohydrate load. Diabetes 1965 May
14(5):295-99

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14280371>

[Lamar ME, Kuehl TJ, Cooney AT, Gayle LJ, Holleman S, Allen
SR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10561636&dopt=Abstract).
Jelly beans as an alternative to a fifty-gram glucose beverage for
gestational diabetes screening. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 Nov;181(5 Pt
1):1154-7 (Level III)

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10561636&dopt=Abstract>

[Landy HJ, Gomez-Marin O, O\'Sullivan
MJ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8598962&dopt=Abstract).
Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: use of a glucose screen
without administering the glucose tolerance test. Obstet Gynecol 1996
Mar;87(3):395-400 (Level III)

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8598962&dopt=Abstract>

Leonards JR, McCullagh EP, Christopher TC A new carbohydrate solution
for testing glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1965 14(2):96-99

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14256059>

[Merkatz
IR](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Merkatz+IR"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Duchon
MA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Duchon+MA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Yamashita
TS](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Yamashita+TS"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Houser
HB](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Houser+HB"%5BAuthor%5D).
A pilot community-based screening program for gestational diabetes.
[Diabetes Care.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Diabetes Care.');)
1980 May-Jun;3(3):453-7.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7389562>

Miller M, Bennett PH, Burch TA Hyperglycemia in Pima Indians: A
preliminary appraisal of its significance. *In* Biomedical Challenges
Presented by the American Indians Scientific Publication No. 165: 89 --
103, 1968.

[Murphy NJ, Meyer BA, O\'Kell RT, Hogard
ME](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7884757&dopt=Abstract)
Carbohydrate sources for gestational diabetes mellitus screening. A
comparison. J Reprod Med 1994 Dec;39(12):977-81 (Level I)

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7884757&dopt=Abstract>

[Philipson
EH](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Philipson+EH"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Rossi
KQ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Rossi+KQ"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Isaac
RM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Isaac+RM"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Kalhan
SC](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Kalhan+SC"%5BAuthor%5D).
Glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and pancreatic
polypeptide responses to polycose during pregnancy. [Obstet
Gynecol.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Obstet Gynecol.');) 1992
Apr;79(4):592-6.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=1553183&dopt=Abstract>

[Reece
EA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Reece+EA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Holford
T](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Holford+T"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Tuck
S](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Tuck+S"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Bargar
M](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Bargar+M"%5BAuthor%5D),
[O\'Connor
T](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="O'Connor+T"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Hobbins
JC](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Hobbins+JC"%5BAuthor%5D).
Screening for gestational diabetes: one-hour carbohydrate tolerance test
performed by a virtually tasteless polymer of glucose. [Am J Obstet
Gynecol.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Am J Obstet Gynecol.');) 1987
Jan;156(1):132-4.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3799747>

[Reece
EA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Reece+EA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Gabrielli
S](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Gabrielli+S"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Abdalla
M](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Abdalla+M"%5BAuthor%5D),
[O\'Connor
T](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="O'Connor+T"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Bargar
M](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Bargar+M"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Hobbins
JC](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Hobbins+JC"%5BAuthor%5D).
Diagnosis of gestational diabetes by use of a glucose polymer. [Am J
Obstet
Gynecol.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Am J Obstet Gynecol.');) 1989
Feb;160(2):383-4.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2916622>

[Reece
EA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="Reece+EA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Assimakopoulos
E](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="Assimakopoulos+E"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Hagay
Z](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="Hagay+Z"%5BAuthor%5D),
[DeGennaro
N](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="DeGennaro+N"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Zheng
XZ](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="Zheng+XZ"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Hobbins
JC](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&itool=PubMed_Abstract&term="Hobbins+JC"%5BAuthor%5D).
Assessment of carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy. [Obstet Gynecol
Surv.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Obstet Gynecol Surv.');) 1991
Jan;46(1):1-14.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2000201&dopt=Abstract>

Reece A, Homko C. How, when, and why to test for gestational diabetes
mellitus. Contemporary OB/GYN, Aug 1, 2005

<http://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/obgyn/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=172524&sk=&date=&pageID=4>

[Wahlqvist
ML](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Wahlqvist+ML"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Wilmshurst
EG](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Wilmshurst+EG"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Richardson
EN](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Richardson+EN"%5BAuthor%5D).
The effect of chain length on glucose absorption and the related
metabolic response. [Am J Clin
Nutr.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Am J Clin Nutr.');) 1978
Nov;31(11):1998-2001.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=717261>

Diabetes mellitus: Report of a WHO Study Group. Geneva: WHO; 1985.
(Technical Report Series 727) (see Annex 1, page 99)

<http://www.who.int/en/>

World Health Organization Laboratory and Monitoring of Diabetes
Mellitus, 2002

(Solutions containing oligosaccharides, page 16)

<http://www.who.int/en/>

**Increased Gastric Emptying with polymer / Delayed Gastric Emptying
with glucose**

[Costalos
C](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Costalos+C"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Russell
G](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Russell+G"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Al Rahim
Q](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Al+Rahim+Q"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Blumenthal
I](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Blumenthal+I"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Hanlin
S](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Hanlin+S"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Ross
I](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Ross+I"%5BAuthor%5D).
Gastric emptying of Caloreen meals in the newborn. [Arch Dis
Child.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Arch Dis Child.');) 1980
Nov;55(11):883-5.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7436461>

Foster C, Costill DL, Fink WJ. Gastric emptying characteristics of
glucose and glucose polymer solutions. [Res Q Exerc
Sport.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Res Q Exerc Sport.');) 1980
May;51(2):299-305.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7394294>

Hunt JN. The duodenal regulation of gastric emptying Gastroenterology
1963;August 45(2):149-156.

Leonard JR, Free AH. A note on gastric retention in one hour, two dose
glucose tolerance tests. J Lab Clin Med 1945; 30:1070-1071

Lind T, Hytten FE. Blood glucose following oral loads of glucose,
maltose, and starch during pregnancy. [Proc Nutr
Soc.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Proc Nutr Soc.');) 1969
Sep;28(2):64A.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=5353351>

[Seiple
RS](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Seiple+RS"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Vivian
VM](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Vivian+VM"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Fox
EL](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Fox+EL"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Bartels
RL](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term="Bartels+RL"%5BAuthor%5D).
Gastric-emptying characteristics of two glucose polymer-electrolyte
solutions. [Med Sci Sports
Exerc.](javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Med Sci Sports Exerc.');)
1983;15(5):366-9.\
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6645863>