Explorer of the Seas METADATA - 2006

Class of Data: Surface ocean carbon dioxide concentrations

Dataset Identifier: AOML_Explorer

Two Files: Explorer_2006_NS

Explorer_2006_EW

Statement of how to cite dataset:

Explorer website:
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/explorer_cruisetracks.php

These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific
community

in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater
understanding

and new scientific insights. The availability of these data does not

constitute publication of the data. We rely on the ethics and integrity
of

the user to assure that AOML receives fair credit for our work. Please
send

manuscripts using this data to AOML for review before they are submitted

for publication so we can insure that the quality and limitations of the
data

are accurately represented.

Measurement platform identifier: Explorer of the Seas

Cruise Information:

Weekly cruises to Bermuda or through the Caribbean departing from Miami,

Florida or Bayonne, New Jersey.

Project Information:

This project represents a collaboration between Royal Caribbean

International, the University of Miami\'s Rosenstiel School of Marine

and Atmospheric Science, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Office of

Naval Research, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Scientist responsible for technical quality of dataset:

Rik Wanninkhof

NOAA/AOML/Ocean Chemistry Division

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami, Florida 33149

Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov

Contact person for this dataset:

Betty Huss

NOAA/AOML/Ocean Chemistry Division

4301 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami, Florida 33149

Betty.Huss@noaa.gov

Timestamp for initial submission of dataset: 8/03/07

Timestamp for the most recent update of dataset: 8/03/07

Timestamp period the dataset refers to: 1/16/2006 - 12/24/2006

Geographic area the dataset refers to:

16 N to 44 N

62 W to 90 W

Eastern Cruise Track:

Day 1 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Day 3 - San Juan, Puerto Rico (18.5 N/66.1 W)

Day 4 - Philipsburg, St. Maarten (18.0 N/63.0 W)

Day 5 - Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas (18.3 N/64.9 W)

Day 7 - Nassau, Bahamas (25.1 N/77.3 W)

Day 8 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Western Cruise Track:

Day 1 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Day 3 - Belize City, Belize (17.4 N/88.1 W)

Day 4 - Costa Maya, Mexico (18.7 N/87.7 W)

Day 5 - Cozumel, Mexico (20.5 N/87.0 W)

Day 6 - George Town, Grand Cayman (19.3 N/81.4 W)

Day 8 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Change in Western Cruise Track for EX0651W:

Day 1 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Day 3 - Cozumel, Mexico (20.5 N/87.0 W)

Day 5 - Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands (19.3 N/81.4 W)

Day 6 - Montego Bay, Jamaica (18.5 N/77.9 W)

Day 8 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.2 W)

Northern Cruise Track:

Day 1 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Day 3 - Kings Wharf, Bermuda (32.3 N/64.8 W)

Day 6 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Change in Northern Cruise Track for EX0620W:

Day 1 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.7 W)

Day 3 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Day 5 - Kings Wharf, Bermuda (32.3 N/64.8 W)

Day 8 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Southern Cruise Track:

Day 1 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Day 4 - Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas (18.3 N/64.9 W)

Day 5 - Philipsburg, St. Maarten (18.0 N/63.0 W)

Day 6 - San Juan, Puerto Rico (18.5 N/66.1 W)

Day 7 - Labadee, Hispaniola (19.8 N/72.3 W)

Day 10 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

List of variables included in this dataset:

COLUMN HEADER EXPLANATION

1\. Group_Ship: AOML_Explorer for all Explorer of the Seas data.

2\. Cruise: Cruise Name (For example, EX0546W: EX = Explorer

of the Seas, 05 = 2006, 46 = 46th weekly cruise, and

W = western track).

3\. JD_GMT: Decimal year day.

4\. Date_DDMMYYYY: The date format has been changed to comply with the
IOCCP

recommendations.

5\. TIME_HH:MM:SS: GMT time.

NOTE: local time = GMT - 4 hr or GMT - 5 hr.

6\. Lat_dec_degree: Latitude in decimal degrees (negative values are in
the

southern hemisphere).

7\. Long_dec_degree: Longitude in decimal degrees (negative values are
in the

western latitudes).

8\. xCO2eq_ppm: Mole fraction of CO2 (dry) in the headspace equilibrator

at equilibrator temperature (Teq) in parts per million.

9\. xCO2a_ppm: Mole fraction of CO2 in air in parts per million.

This field is not measured on the Explorer of the Seas -

all data initialized to -9.

10\. Pres_Equil_hPa: Barometric pressure in the lab in hectopascals (1

hectopascal = 1 millibar).

11\. Pres_sealevel_hPa: Barometric pressure from ship\'s barometer,
corrected to

sea level in hectopascals (1 hectopascal = 1 millibar).

12\. EqTemp_C: Temperature in equilibrator water in degrees centigade.

Temperature in equilibrator measured with a calibrated

thermistor.

13\. SST(TSG)\_C: Temperature from the ship\'s thermosalinograph in
degrees

centigrade.

14\. Sal(TSG)\_Permil: Salinity from the ship\'s thermosalinograph on
the Practical

Salinity Scale.

15\. Water_flow_l/min: Water flow through equilibrator in liters per
minute.

16\. Gasflow_IR_ml/min: Gas flow through the Licor infrared analyzer
before the

flow is stopped in milliliters per minute.

17\. Temp_IR_C: Temperature of the Licor infrared analyzer sample cell
in

degrees centigrade.

18\. Pres_IR_hPa: Pressure in the Licor infrared analyzer in
hectopascals.

NOTE: There is no pressure sensor in the Licor but since

it is vented to atmosphere prior to measurement, this

value is the same as the pressure in the lab (number 10

above). (1 hectopascal = 1 millibar).

19\. Ship_heading_true_degree: Ship\'s heading from ship\'s navigation
system in

degrees with 0 = North and 90 = East.

20\. Ship_speed_knot: Ship\'s speed from ship\'s navigation system in
knots.

21\. Wind_dir_rel_degree: Wind direction relative to the ship from
ship\'s navigation

system in degrees with 0 = from the bow and 90 = from

starboard.

22\. Wind_speed_rel_m/s: Wind speed relative to the ship from ship\'s
navigation

system in meters per second.

23\. fCO2W@SST_uatm: Fugacity of CO2 in sea water in microatmospheres
calculated

as outlined below.

24\. Qcflag_water: Quality control flag for sea water xCO2 and fCO2
values

with 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value,

and 9 = no measurement taken.

25\. fCO2a_uatm: Fugacity of CO2 in air in microatmospheres. This field
is

not measured on the Explorer of the Seas - all data

initialized to -9.

26\. Qcflag_air: Quality control flag for air xCO2 and fCO2. Since no

air values were taken, all values are initialized to 9.

27\. dfCO2_uatm: Sea water fCO2 - air fCO2 in microatmospheres. This
uses

the average air value for the current hour. This field is

not measured on the Explorer of the Seas - all data

initialized to -9.

28\. Fluoro_ug/l: Reading from the fluorometer in micrograms per liter.

29\. Wind_speed_true_m/s: True wind speed in meters per second.

30\. Wind_dir_true_degree: True wind direction in degrees were 0 = North
and

90 = East.

31\. Air_Temp_C: Outside air temperature from ship\'s computer system

in degrees centigrade.

32\. Oxygen: Units not known at this time.

The following fields have been QC\'ed by the CO2 group:

Group_Ship

Cruise

JD_GMT

DATE_DDMMYYYY

TIME_HH:MM:SS

Lat_dec_degree

Long_dec_degree

xCO2eq_ppm

Pres_Equil_hPa

EqTemp_C

Water_flow_l/min

Gasflow_IR_ml/min

Temp_IR_C

Pres_IR_hPa

fCO2W@SST_uatm

QCflag_water

The following fields are from the ship\'s onboard systems and the
quality of this

data cannot be verified:

Pres_sealevel_hPa

SST(TSG)\_C

Sal(TSG)\_Permil

Ship­\_heading_true_degree

Ship_speed_knot

Wind_dir_rel_degree

Wind_speed_rel_m/s

Fluoro_ug/l

Wind_speed_true_m/s

Wind_dir_true_degree

Air_Temp_C

Oxygen

Narrative description of system design:

CO2 ANALYTICAL SYSTEM:

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in surface ocean water is
determined

by measuring the concentration of CO2 in gas that is in contact with the
water.

Surface water is pumped over 200 m through 7/8\" Teflon tubing from an
inlet

in the ship\'s bow to the equilibration chamber. Water comes from the
bow

intake 2 m below the water line and the TSG is located close to the
inlet.

Since the sea surface temperature is high and the ship is well
air-conditioned,

the Teq is on average about 0.4 °C lower than SST. The equilibration
chamber

has an enclosed volume of gas, or headspace, and a pool of seawater that

continuously overflows to a drain. As the water flows through the
chamber,

the dissolved gases (like CO2) partition between the water and the
headspace.

At equilibrium, the ratio of CO2 in the water and in the headspace is

influenced most by temperature, and that relationship is known. By
measuring

the concentration of CO2 in the headspace and the temperature in the
chamber,

the partial pressure (or fugacity) of CO2 in the surface water can be
calculated.

INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

The general principle of instrumental design can be found in Wanninkhof
and Thoning

(1993), Ho et al. (1995), and Feely et al. (1998). The concentration of
CO2 in the

headspace gas is measured using the adsorption of infrared (IR)
radiation, which

results from changes in the rotational and vibrational energy state of
the CO2

molecule. The LI-COR detector passes IR radiation through two 6\" cells.
The

reference cell is flushed with a gas of known CO2 concentration. The
sample cell

is flushed with the headspace gas. A vacuum-sealed, heated filament is
the

broadband IR source. The IR radiation alternates between the two cells
via a

chopping shutter disc. An optical filter selects an adsorption band
specific

for CO2 (4.26 micron) to reach the detector. The solid state (lead
selenide)

detector is kept at -12 degrees °C for excellent stability and low
signal

noise (less than 0.2 ppm).

Several steps are taken to reduce interferences and to increase the
accuracy

of the measurements. After the equilibration chamber, the headspace
travels

through a drying trap to remove water vapor. During each analysis, the

headspace gas is compared to a reference gas of known concentration. To

improve the accuracy of the measurements, three different gaseous
standards

for CO2 are analyzed once an hour instead of the headspace gas.

Analyzer: LI-COR 6252 (analog output) infrared (IR) analyzer.

Method of Analysis: Differential analyses relative to a reference gas
which is

close to the CO2 concentration of the middle standard. Measures dried
equilibrator

headspace gas. Gas flow is stopped prior to IR readings.

Drying Method: The equilibrator headspace sample gas first goes through
an air

filter and a thermoelectric refrigerator (\~6-10 °C). The sample and
standard

gases pass through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer and a short column of
magnesium

perchlorate before reaching the analyzer. The counter flow in the Perma
Pure

tube is the reference gas.

Equilibrator (setup, size, flows): The equilibrator was fabricated using
a filter

housing (ColeParmer, U-010509-00) with \~0.5 L water reservoir and \~0.8
L gaseous

headspace. Water flow rate is \~1.5 L/min. Headspace recirculation rate
is

\~80 ml/min.

Narrative statement identifying measurement method for each required
parameter:

CALCULATIONS:

The mixing ratios of ambient air and equilibrated headspace air are
calculated

by fitting a second-order polynomial through the hourly averaged
millivolt

response of the detector versus mixing ratios of the standards. Mixing
ratios

of dried equilibrated headspace and air are converted to fugacity of CO2
in

surface seawater and water saturated air in order to determine the fCO2.

For ambient air and equilibrator headspace, the fCO2a (or fCO2eq) is
calculated

assuming 100% water vapor content:

fCO2eq = xCO2eq(P-pH2O)exp(B11+2d12)P/RT

where fCO2eq is the fugacity in the equilibrator, pH2O is the water
vapor

pressure at the sea surface temperature, P is the atmospheric pressure
(in atm),

T is the SST or equilibrator temperature (in K) and R is the ideal gas
constant

(82.057 cm\^3·atm·deg\^-1·mol\^-1). The exponential term is the fugacity
correction

where B11 is the second virial coefficient of pure CO2

B11 = -1636.75 + 12.0408T - 0.032795T\^2 + 3.16528E-5 T\^3

and d12 = 57.7 - 0.118 T is the correction for an air-CO2 mixture in
units of

cm\^3·mol\^-1 (Weiss, 1974).

The calculation for the fugacity at SST involves a temperature
correction term

for the increase of fCO2 due to heating of the water from passing
through the

pump and through 5 cm ID PVC tubing within the ship. The water in the
equilibrator

is typically 0.4 °C cooler than sea surface temperature. The empirical
temperature

correction from equilibrator temperature to SST is:

fCO2(SST) = fCO2(eq) Exp (-0.0423 (Teq-SST))

where SST is sea surface temperature and Teq is the equilibrator
temperature in

in degrees °C.

Sampling Cycle:

The system runs on an hourly cycle during which 3 standard gases, a
reference gas

and 20 surface water samples (from the equilibrator head space) are
analyzed on

the following schedule:

Mins. after hour Sample

================ ======

0:00 Low Standard

2:10 Mid Standard

4:25 High Standard

6:40 Reference

8:55 Water

11:28 Water

14:01 Water

16:34 Water

19:07 Water

21:40 Water

24:13 Water

26:46 Water

29:19 Water

31:52 Water

34:25 Water

36:58 Water

39:31 Water

42:04 Water

44:37 Water

47:10 Water

49:43 Water

52:16 Water

54:49 Water

57:22 Water

NOTES ON DATA:

Columns have a default value of -9 in case of instrument malfunction,
erroneous

readings or missing data. Furthermore, if a suspicious xCO2 value,
pressure or

temperature value is encountered, the fCO2 is not calculated.

Analytical Instrument Manufacturer/Model:

The Explorer of the Seas system was built by Dave Chipman in 2000. The

analyzer is a LI-COR 6252 (analog output) infrared analyzer.

Standard Gases and Reference Gas: The three standard gases come from
CMDL

in Boulder and are directly traceable to the WMO scale. The reference
gas

is a non-calibrated gas from a commercial company. While individual data

points above 420 or below 300 may not be accurate, the general trends
should

be indicative of the seawater chemistry.

Description of any additional environmental control:

The system is located in the ocean laboratory of the Explorer of the

Seas. The room is air-conditioned with little temperature fluctuation.

Resolution of measurement:

The resolution of the instrument is better than 0.1 ppm.

Estimated overall uncertainty of measurement:

The xCO2eq measurements are believed accurate to 0.1 ppm. The

fCO2@SST measurements are believed to be precise to 0.2 ppm.

List of calibration gases used:

The standards used on the cruise are:

STANDARD TANK \# CONCENTRATION VENDOR

STD1 CA02040 319.82 CMDL

STD2 CA02030 377.14 CMDL

STD3 CA02020 458.04 CMDL

Traceability to an internationally recognized scale (including
date/place

of last calibration made):

All standards are obtained from NOAA/CMDL, now called the Global

Monitoring Division of the Earth Research Laboratory and are directly

traceable to WHO scale.

Uncertainty of assigned value of each calibration gas:

The uncertainty based on pre and post cruise calibrations is less

than 0.05 ppm.

Pressure/Temperature/Salinity:

Thermosalinograph information can be found at
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/

rccl/facilities.html.

Units:

All xCO2 values are reported in parts per million (ppm) and fCO2 values

are reported in microatmospheres (uatm) assuming 100% humidity at the

equilibrator temperature.

Bibliography:

DOE (1994). Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various
parameters

of the carbon dioxide system in sea water; version 2. DOE.

Feely, R. A., R. Wanninkhof, H. B. Milburn, C. E. Cosca, M. Stapp

and P. P. Murphy (1998). A new automated underway system for making

high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships. Analytica

Chim. Acta 377: 185-191.

Ho, D. T., R. Wanninkhof, J. Masters, R. A. Feely and C. E. Cosca
(1997).

Measurement of underway fCO2 in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific on

NOAA ships BALDRIGE and DISCOVERER, NOAA data report ERL AOML-30,

52 pp., NTIS Springfield.

Wanninkhof, R. and K. Thoning (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in

Surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Mar.

Chem. 44(2-4): 189-205.

Weiss, R. F. (1970). The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in
water

and seawater. Deep-Sea Research 17: 721-735.

Weiss, R. F. (1974). Carbon dioxide in seawater: the solubility of a

non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2: 203-215.

Takahashi, T., J. Olafsson, J. G. Goddard, D. W. Chipman, and S. C.

Sutherland (1993), Seasonal variation of CO2 and nutrients in the

high-latitude surface oceans: a comparative study, Global Biogeochem.

Cycles, 7, 843-878.

Comments related to the individual legs:

Explorer of the Seas Naming Convention: EX06NNT where EX is the ship

abbreviation, 06 is the year, NN is the number of the cruise which will

be a number between 1 and 52, and T is the cruise track which will be
either

W for the west track, E for the east track, N for the north track or

S for the south track.

For all legs, due to the slow response time of the system, the first

10 minutes of data for each hour for the entire leg was removed. This

slow response time is not fully understood. On certain legs the response

time was worse and up to 40 minutes of data was removed.

For all legs, the first hour of data after leaving port is removed.

EX0603W: Due to rough seas, no data logged January 18 starting at 11:00.

No water flow on January 19. Chip opened the pinch clamp but still

there wasn't any water flow. He ran fresh water thru the lines and the

flow rate returned to 2.68 l/m.

EX0604E: The pCO2 data is questionable due to water flow problems
throughout

the cruise. On January 24, the flow rate dropped. Don Cucchiara ran
fresh

water thru the system for about 10 minutes. After flushing the system,

there was a flow rate above 2.0 but when the system was returned to
seawater,

the flow rate completely dropped and the system shut off. When the ship

left port, the flow rate was around 1.2 l/m. There was still not much
flow

from the showerhead; however, there was water flow in the small
equilibrator

chamber. On January 28, there was no water flow thru the system at all.

Don flushed the system again with fresh water while the ship was in
port.

The flow reading was around 2.0 but there were leaks coming from the
small

equilibrator seals and the T clamp above the small equilibrator. Don

lowered the water flow and tightened the T clamp and the leaking
stopped.

However, when the system was switched back to seawater there was still
no

flow. Don flushed the system again with fresh water and this time the
system

worked when switched back to seawater. On January 29, Bob Castle took
apart

the shower head and found it partially blocked by small bits of marine

shells. He cleaned out the showerhead and tested the system with

fresh water. When the ship left port, the water flow was very good

with sufficient spray inside the large equilibrator.

EX0607W: Air temperature sensor was not working throughout the cruise.

Barometric pressure sensor was not working throughout the cruise.
Replaced

all zeros and unchanging barometric pressure values in Pres_sealevel_hPa

with -9.

EX0608E: There is no Air_Temp_C data for this cruise.

EX0609W: There is no Pres_sealevel_hPa and Air_Temp_C data for this
cruise.

EX0611W: System down on the following days: JD 73.543 to 73.875, JD
76.418

to 76.499 and JD 77.468 to 77.499. On March 15, 2006, Don replaced the

reference gas and flushed the system with fresh water.

EX0612E: Removed the following suspect data: 81.140 to 81.208 and 82.977

to 83.083.

EX0615W: Removed the following suspect data: JD 102.305 to 102.458.

EX0616E: An air compressor line from the electrical closet to the pCO2

instrument area was installed. Once the line is connected, the system
will

use compressed air with a dehumidifier instead of the drying gas from
the

CO2 cylinders and there will no longer be a reference gas.

Removed the following questionable data: JD 109.066 to 109.196 and

JD 110.937 to 110.957.

EX0618E: May 1, 2006 - no water flow thru the system Monday morning.

Chip flushed the system with fresh water and the flow returned to
normal.

He also replaced the CO2 tank.

Due to hardware system failure the following questionable data was
removed:

JD 123.876 to 123.916, 123.965 to 124.042, and 124.291 to 124.333.

Chip rebooted the system and restarted data collection.

EX0620N: May 14, 2006 - Water flow problems - After the pump came on
line

There was very little flow coming out of the showerhead. Don flushed the

line with fresh water for 20 minutes and the flow rate returned to
normal.

He switched the system back to seawater but after an hour the flow rate

was below the cutoff point and the system shut off.

May 15, 2006 - Monday morning Don flushed the system for 30 minutes with

fresh water. The flow rate returned to normal. He switched the system

back to seawater and the flow rate remained normal.

May 19, 2006 - Water flow problems - after flushing the system with

fresh water for 30 minutes, the flow rate returned to normal.

EX0623S: Removed the following suspect data: JD 161.806 to JD 161.833.

At the very beginning and end of the cruise, there is a larger than
normal

discrepancy between the SST and the equilibrator temperature (greater
than

1 degree). This discrepancy, which is not present in the Caribbean, is
most

likely due to the cool North Atlantic water being warmed in the water
line

before it reaches the equilibrator.

EX0625S: From JD 168.024 to JD 168.107, there is a larger than normal

discrepancy between the SST and the equilibrator temperature (greater
than

1 degree). This discrepancy, which is not present in the Caribbean, is
most

likely due to the cool North Atlantic water being warmed in the water
line

before it reaches the equilibrator.

On Monday, 6/19/06, Chip changed the CO2 cylinder.

Low water flow on Monday, 6/20/06 and Sunday, 6/25/06. Chip flushed the

system with fresh water both times and the flow rate returned to normal.

EX0626N: Monday, June 26, 2006, the water flow was very low. Chip
flushed

the system and the flow rate returned to normal.

EX0627S: Removed the following data due to low gas flow in the water
sample

phase: 186.024 to 187.999.

EX0631S: System down on 8/04/06 from 13:00 to 15:00 and on 8/05/06 from

21:00 to 22:00.

Removed the following data due to low gas flow: JD 211.079 to 211.083,

214.098 to 214.110, 214.232 to 214.249 and 217.515 to 217.541.

There was a change in itinerary due to tropical storm Chris - the ship

had a port stop in Nassau, Bahamas rather than port stops in San Juan,

Puerto Rico and Labadee, Hispaniola:

Day 1 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

Day 4 - Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas (18.3 N/64.9 W)

Day 5 - Philipsburg, St. Maarten (18.0 N/63.0 W)

Day 7 - Nassau, Bahamas (25.1 N/77.3 W)

Day 10 - Bayonne, New Jersey (40.7 N/74.1 W)

EX0632N: System down on 8/10/06 from 03:00 to 04:00 and from 10:00 to

17:00. Merged missing latitude and longitude for JD 222.861 (6/14/07).

No oxygen data.

EX0633S: There were problems with the system throughout the cruise. The

hardware failure light kept coming on and the system had to be restarted

several times.

EX0635S: The system was down on 8/26/06.

EX0636N: On 9/6/06, water flow was low; Chip flushed the system with
fresh

water. On 9/8/06, Bob Castle replaced the computer, reinstalled
PCAnywhere

and restarted the software.

EX0638N: Intermittent water flow problems throughout the cruise.

EX0643S: Water flow problems beginning on 10/28/06 at 13:11 and ending
on

10/29/06 at 6:59 - questionable data was removed.

EX0645S: Kevin Sullivan: Replaced the reference gas cylinder with
compressed,

dry gas generated from a PermaPure (HD-2000) pure gas generator . The

ship's compressed gas @ \~65 psi feeds the heatless drier . The
compressed gas

cylinder (CO2 in air for now) is the secondary gas in case the pure air
generator

malfunctions. An automated switch (Bioswitch) will switch to the backup
tank

if the pressure falls below 15 psi. The output of the flow controller

goes to the PermaPure drier and through the needle valve to "Reference"
gas

input to VIC1. The Licor was changed to absolute mode, with a soda lime

trap inline with chopper motor space and reference cell.

EX0646E: Sunday, November 19, 2006: No gas flow throughout the cruise.

The tube leading into the equilibrator was clogged with salt. There was

two inches of salt blocking the tube which Bob cleaned out with tab
water.

Bob also installed a second Aalborg flow meter set up to read only the

drying gas (ref) output. It was reading about 311 while he was

there. From now on, read the reference gas flow off the new flow meter

bypassing the switch that was used to switch between the ref and sample

gas readings. Sample and standard flows are read as usual.

EX0647W: Due to a leak in the system, the following questionable data
was

removed: JD 324.808 to JD 325.000 and JD 329.807 to JD 329.958.

Don adjusted the sample gas flow on November 21, 2006. He adjusted the

headspace pump valve to get the flow up to around 100.

EX0648E: Due to a leak in the system, the following questionable data

was removed: JD 331.870 to JD 331.917 and JD 335.890 to JD 335.917.

EX0649W: Due to a leak in the system, the following questionable data

was removed: JD 338.866 to 338.932.

EX0650E: December 10, 2006 - The sample gas flow was too high (over
200).

Don adjusted the black valve and got the flow back to around 100.

Due to a leak in the system, the following questionable data was
removed:

JD 349.890 - 349.917.

EX0651W: Due to a leak in the system, the following questionable data

was removed: JD 352.870 to JD 352.958.

December 17, 2006 - Due to a medical emergency, there was a change in

the cruise track:

Day 1 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.2 W)

Day 3 - Cozumel, Mexico (20.5 N/87.0 W)

Day 5 - Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands (19.3 N/81.4 W)

Day 6 - Montego Bay, Jamaica (18.5 N/77.9 W)

Day 8 - Miami, Florida (25.8 N/80.2 W)