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                                      [Planning and Evaluation
                                      Service]{.smallcaps}

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**State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 1998--99**

**Final Summary Report**

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2001

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| **[U.S. Department of             | [Office of the Deputy             |
| Education]{.smallcaps}**          | Secretary]{.smallcaps}            |
|                                   |                                   |
| [Doc \# 2001--22]{.smallcaps}     | [Office of Elementary and         |
|                                   | Secondary Education]{.smallcaps}  |
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**This is some**

**State ESEA Title I Participation**

**Information for 1998--99**

**Final Summary Report**

**Beth Sinclair, Westat**

**Rockville, Md.**

**Prepared for:**

**Office of the Deputy Secretary**

**Office of Elementary and Secondary Education**

**U.S. Department of Education**

**Contract No. 282-98-0015**

**2001**

This report was prepared for the U.S. Department of Education under
Contract No. 282-98-0015. The views expressed herein are those of the
contractors. No official endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education
is intended or should be inferred.

# U.S. Department of Education

Rod Paige

*Secretary*

## Office of the Deputy Secretary

William D. Hansen

*Deputy Secretary*

**Planning and Evaluation Service**

Alan L. Ginsburg

*Director*

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Susan Neuman

*Assistant Secretary*

**Compensatory Education Programs**

Joseph Johnson

*Director*

**October 2001**

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in
whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this
publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U. S. Department
of Education, Office of the Deputy Secretary, Planning and Evaluation
Service, *State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 1998--99:
Final Summary Report*, Washington, D.C., 2001.

To order copies of this report, write:

ED Pubs

Education Publications Center

U.S. Department of Education

P.O. Box 1398

Jessup, MD 20794-1398

Via fax, dial (301) 470-1244

Or via electronic mail, send your request to: edpubs@inet.ed.gov

You may also call toll-free: 1-877-433-7827 (1-877-4-ED-PUBS). If 877
service is not yet available in your area, call 1-800-872-5327
(1-800-USA-LEARN). Those who use a telecommunications device for the
deaf (TDD) or a teletypewriter (TTY) should call 1-800-437-0833.

To order online, point your Internet browser to:
www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html.

This report is available on the Department\'s Web site at:
www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/PES/ed_for_disadvantaged.html.

On request, this publication is also available in alternative formats,
such as Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette. For more
information, please contact the Department\'s Alternate Format Center at
(202) 260-9895 or (202) 205-8113.

**Acknowledgments**

We wish to thank the many individuals who contributed to the completion
of this report. Particularly helpful were several individuals in the
U.S. Department of Education. Daphne Hardcastle of the Planning and
Evaluation Service served as project officer for this study and provided
invaluable substantive guidance and support for both the 1998--99 data
collection and the production of this report. Grace Ross, Mary Moran,
and Kathy Manning of the Office of Compensatory Education Programs
worked with the Title I coordinators in the states to obtain all of the
necessary Consolidated Report data and provided us with useful comments
and suggestions as we developed this report.

We are also grateful to the Title I coordinators in each state for their
cooperation and assistance in verifying the information submitted on the
Consolidated Reports for 1998--99.

Several members of the Westat staff deserve special recognition,
including Julie Daft for contacting the state Title I Coordinators and
Saunders Freeland for her expert typing of this report.

**Contents**

[Page]{.underline}

Introduction to the Report 1

Overview of Title I of the ESEA 2

Title I School and Local Educational Agency Information 3

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools 4

> School and School District Improvement 5
>
> Schools Identified for Improvement 6
>
> School Districts Identified for Improvement 6

Title I Student Participation 7

> Overall Participation Patterns 7
>
> Grade-Level Participation 7
>
> Racial and Ethnic Classification 8

Special Populations Served by Title I 8

Services Supported by Title I 9

> Instructional Services 9
>
> Other Support Services 9
>
> Family Literacy Services 9
>
> Extended-Time Instructional Programs 10

Title I Staffing Patterns 10

Information on the Title I State Agency Program for Neglected or
Delinquent Children and Youth 11

> Participation by Type of Institution 11

**List of Tables**

[Page]{.underline}

Table 1a Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance (TAS) Schools, by
State, 1997--98

and 1998--99 12

Table 1b Number and Percentage of Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, by
State, 1997--98

and 1998--99 13

Table 2a Participating Title I Local Education Agencies (LEAs)
Identified for Improvement,\
by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99 14

Table 2b Participating Title I Schools Identified for School
Improvement, by State, 1997--98\
and 1998--99 15

Table 3a Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) in School Improvement, by
State, 1997--98 and\
1998--99 16

Table 3b Schoolwide (SWP) Schools in School Improvement, by State,
1997--98 and 1998--99 17

Table 4 Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Nonpublic, and Local
Neglected or Delinquent\
(N or D) Participants, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99 18

Table 5 Title I Participation, Public, Nonpublic, Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D), and\
Total, 1979--80 to 1998--99 20

Table 6 Title I Participants, by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance (TAS),
Schoolwide (SWP),\
Nonpublic, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and Total, 1997--98
and 1998--99 21

Table 7 Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP)\
Participants, by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State, 1997--98 and
1998--99 22

Table 8 Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial or
Ethnic Classification,

1979--80 through 1998--99 24

Table 9 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS)
and Schoolwide\
(SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State, 1997--98 and
1998--99 25

Table 10 Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with
Limited English Proficiency\
(LEP), by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99 26

Table 11 Number and Percentage of Homeless Children Participating in
Title I, by State,

1997--98 and 1998--99 27

Table 12 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS)
and Schoolwide\
(SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State, 1997--98 and
1998--99 28

**Tables** (continued)

[Page]{.underline}

Table 13 Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) Title I Participants, by
Service Area,\
1997--98 and 1998--99 29

Table 14 Number and Percentage of LEAs Providing Family Literacy
Services, by State,\
1997--98 and 1998--99 30

Table 15 Number of Extended Time Instructional Programs in Operation, by
State, 1997--98\
and 1998--99 31

Table 16 Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State,
1997--98 and 1998--99 32

Table 17 Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides,
1979--80 through\
1998--99 34

Table 18 Number of State Agency Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult
Correctional Title I Participants, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99 35

Table 19 Number of Institutions Participating in the State Agency
Neglected or Delinquent\
(N or D) Program, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99 36

**List of Figures**

[Page]{.underline}

Figure 1 Title I Grants to LEAs Appropriation Information, 1967--68 to
1998--99 3

Figure 2 Number of Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide Program
(SWP) Schools, 1992--93\
through 1998--99 4

Figure 3 Number and Percentage of Schools Identified for Improvement,
1997--98 and 1998--99 6

Figure 4 Number and Percentage of School Districts Identified for
Improvement, 1997--98\
and 1998--99 6

Figure 5 Title I Grants to LEAs Program -- Total Participation, 1979--80
through 1998--99 7

Figure 6 Title I Participation, by Grade Span, 1998--99 7

Figure 7 Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification,
1998--99 8

Figure 8 Percentage of Total Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic
Classification, 1979--80\
through 1997--98 8

Figure 9 Services Provided to Title I TAS Students, 1997--98 and
1998--99 9

Figure 10 Number and Percentage of School Districts Providing Family
Literacy Services,\
1997--98 and 1998--99 9

Figure 11 Title I FTE Staff in TAS Schools, by Classification, 1998--99
10

Figure 12 Title I FTE Teachers and Teacher Aides in TAS Schools,
1979--80 through 1998--99 10

Figure 13 State N or D Participants and Institutions, 1998--99 11

**Introduction to the Report**

The *State ESEA Title I Participation Summary Report for 1998--99*
summarizes data for two components of the Title I program---Title I
Grants to Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) and the State Agency Program
for Neglected or Delinquent Children and Youth (State N or D). The Title
I Grants to LEAs program provides federal financial assistance to
eligible school districts and schools to assist them in providing
opportunities for children most at risk, helping them acquire knowledge
and skills to meet challenging state content and performance standards.
The Part A program can serve children as young as preschool and as old
as the high school level and provides supplemental services to many
special populations including children with disabilities, students with
limited English proficiency (LEP), and homeless and migrant children.
This program also provides services outside of the traditional public
school setting to eligible children in nonpublic schools and local
institutions for local neglected or delinquent students, as well as
family literacy services. The State N or D program provides financial
assistance for compensatory education to state agencies directly
responsible for providing free public education to children in
institutions for neglected or delinquent children and juveniles in adult
correctional institutions. Juveniles in adult correctional institutions
are eligible for Title I assistance until their twenty-second birthday.

The following sections present important program management data
regarding several aspects of the Title I program for 1998--99 including:
districts, schools and students served, the range of instructional and
support services provided, Title I staffing patterns, and schools'
progress toward meeting performance standards, as reported by states on
Title I State Performance Reports. State-by-state tables follow the text
that amplify the participation data and offer readers a more detailed
look at several aspects of the Title I program.

For 1998--99, data were submitted beginning in December 1999 and
continuing through 2000. Data collection is a challenge for states for
many reasons, including incomplete final assessment systems, frequent
turnover of directors, staff and technology personnel, increased work
responsibilities, and additional reports required by the federal
government. Indeed, as noted in *High Standards for All Children: A
Report from the National Assessment of Title I on Progress and
Challenges Since the 1994 Reauthorization,* "the missing data ... are
indicative of problems with the timeliness and accuracy of
state-reported data on the number of schools identified for improvement
and other basic program information. ... These data are often submitted
well after the due date and are often incomplete. As of mid-January
2001, one-fifth of the states had not yet submitted data on the number
of schools that were identified for improvement in 1998--99, more than
18 months after the end of that school year and over a year after the
reports were due."[^1] To improve the quality of data collection and
reporting, ED is working with the states under the Government
Performance and Results Act (GPRA). ED's Office of Inspector General is
also currently conducting a joint audit with the Government Accounting
Office to examine data quality in Title I performance report data
submitted for the GPRA Title I performance indicators.

As part of the verification process, states can and do revise
information submitted for 1998--99 as well as information submitted for
earlier years. As a result of these revisions, the information shown in
this report differs from previously published figures.

The 1998--99 achievement results will be reported separately in *State
Education Indicators with a Focus on Title I.* Refer to the Department's
Web site at: www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/PES/ed_for_disadvantaged.html.

### Overview of Title I of the ESEA

Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) initiated
federal aid to the nation's elementary and secondary schools to provide
supplemental resources to school programs because educational needs are
particularly great for low-achieving children in high-poverty schools.
Research---then and now---has shown a high correlation between high
poverty and low achievement.

The 1994 reauthorization of Title I of ESEA introduced a new federal
approach built around a framework of standards-driven reform. The goal
was to couple flexibility in the use of resources with attention to
accountability for results. Specifically, under the reauthorized Title
I, services are to be linked to the same rigorous state content and
performance standards[^2] that are expected of all children, and aligned
assessments are to be used to measure students' progress toward meeting
these standards. In addition, states must put in place a system of
accountability designed to identify and assist schools that do not make
adequate progress towards meeting the standards. Finally, the statute
encourages high-poverty schools to develop schoolwide approaches to
improving student performance and overall provides more opportunities
for flexibility when implementing the Title I program. Each of these
four areas is described in greater detail below.

*Standards and Assessments*. By the 1997--98 school year, each state was
to have adopted challenging *content* standards in at least reading and
math that specify what all children are expected to know and be able to
do. In addition, states were required to develop challenging
*performance* standards that describe students' mastery of the content
standards. The performance standards must include advanced, proficient,
and partially proficient levels and must apply equally to all students.
Upon completing the development of standards, each state is required to
submit to the Department evidence that standards are in place and that a
rigorous process was used to adopt the standards. Final assessments,
aligned to state content standards and used to measure the progress of
schools in enabling students to meet the standards, were to be in place
in the 2000--2001 school year.

## *Accountability and Improvement*. Using a definition of adequate yearly progress developed by the state in consultation with local educational agencies, teachers, pupil services personnel, administrators, other staff, and parents, districts must annually review the progress of each Title I school to determine whether the school is making adequate yearly progress toward enabling its students to meet state content standards. Schools that do not make adequate yearly progress for two consecutive years are to be identified for improvement. Corrective actions are to be taken in schools that continue to be low performing for three years after being identified for improvement. The improvement designation can be removed for schools that meet adequate yearly progress targets for two of the three years following the initial designation.

State definitions of adequate yearly progress are to link progress to
performance on the state's final assessment and may include additional
measures such as dropout, retention, and/or attendance rates. Adequate
yearly progress is to be defined in a manner that results in continuous
and substantial yearly improvement of each Tile I school and district.
This improvement should be sufficient to achieve the goal of all
children served under Title I, particularly economically disadvantaged
and limited English proficient children, meeting the state's proficient
and advanced levels of performance. Until such time as states have their
final assessments in place, states are to devise a procedure for
identifying schools and districts in need of improvement that relies on
accurate information about the continuous and substantial yearly
academic progress of each school and school district.

Because the process for identifying schools and districts does not start
from scratch when new assessments are implemented, schools and districts
may be identified for improvement under different
criteria---transitional accountability criteria and an adequate yearly
progress definition linked to the final assessment. States must identify
for improvement any school or school district that has not made adequate
yearly progress for two consecutive school years. Changes in the
definition also can result in changes in the number of schools
identified, in both positive and negative directions.

*Schoolwide Programs*. High-poverty schools---those with at least 50
percent of their students from low-income families---are encouraged to
develop schoolwide approaches to improving student performance. The
rationale is that achievement in high-poverty schools can be increased
best by investing in strategies that will improve the quality of
instruction throughout the school, rather than by providing additional
services to a fraction of the student body. Schoolwide program
approaches are those that are comprehensive in nature, upgrade the
entire educational program for all students in the school, provide
additional flexibility in the use of federal resources, and focus on
results for low-performing students.

*Program Flexibility*. The 1994 reauthorization put in place provisions
designed to provide schools and school districts with greater
flexibility in their use of Title I funds. These provisions included
schoolwide programs as well as waiver authority.

The Title I program is part of a broader standards-based reform strategy
in which the ESEA programs focus together on improving schools' capacity
to help all students reach challenging standards.

![](media/image2.wmf)

**Title I School and Local Educational Agency Information**

Title I represents the single largest investment in elementary and
secondary education by the federal government. It was funded in 1997--98
at approximately \$7.8 billion and in 1998--99 at almost \$7.9 billion.
This single program represents almost half (48 percent) of funds
appropriated to support elementary and secondary education. The vast
majority of Title I funds (93 percent) was distributed to school
districts under the Title I Grants to LEAs---Part A program. When shown
in constant dollars, funding for the Title I Grants to LEAs program
increased in the late 1980s and leveled off again in the 1990s. (See
Figure 1.)

Title I funds are currently allocated through two funding
formulas---Basic Grants and Concentration Grants. At \$6.2 billion for
1998--99, Basic Grants are the larger of the two funding streams. Basic
Grants provide funds for school districts with at least 10 federal
formula-eligible children, ages 5-17, who make up more than 2 percent of
the overall enrollment count in that district. Concentration Grants go
to districts in which the number of formula-eligible children exceeds
6,500 or exceeds 15 percent of the district enrollment. Funds devoted to
Concentration Grants amounted to \$1.1 billion in the 1998-99 school
year. More than 90 percent of districts nationwide receive Title I
funding. See Table 2a for state-by-state counts of participating school
districts (LEAs).

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools

The Title I Grants to LEAs program provides services to students in
schools under two basic program models. The first, targeted assistance,
provides instructional and support services to specific students who are
at the greatest risk of not meeting performance standards. TAS programs
assist children identified as having the greatest need for special
assistance.

The TAS model is implemented in Title I-eligible schools that are not
eligible to conduct schoolwide programs, or choose not to operate such a
schoolwide program. Schools are eligible for Title I assistance if their
poverty rate is at least equal to the districtwide average or is at
least 35 percent. Within TAS schools, students are identified to receive
services based on individual academic need. In these schools,
supplemental services to children may be delivered in the classroom or
in a pull-out setting. They may also be offered after school, in the
summer, or on weekends.

![](media/image2.wmf)

In 1998--99 TAS represented almost 60 percent of the schools served by
Title I. As Figure 2 illustrates, however, the number of schools
conducting targeted assistance models is declining while the number of
schools conducting schoolwide programs is steadily increasing. See Table
1a for state-by-state counts of participating targeted assistance
schools in 1997--98 and 1998--99.

Under the schoolwide approach, Title I funds are used, in combination
with other federal, state, and local funds, to upgrade the entire
educational program in a school. In order to qualify to conduct a
schoolwide program, at least 50 percent of a school's students must be
from low-income families, unless the state or ED has approved a waiver
request to lower the poverty threshold. While the statute provides
several options for poverty data sources, student eligibility for free
or reduced-price lunches under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's
Child Nutrition Programs is the most frequently used measure.

In 1998--99, states reported that over 45,000 schools participated in
the Title I program. Of those, more than 19,000, or 42 percent, operated
schoolwide programs. This figure represents an increase of 11 percent
more than the number of schoolwide programs reported for 1997--98. The
large increase in the number of schoolwide programs from 1994--95 to
1996--97 was due primarily to a change in the statute. Prior to
1994--95, the threshold for participation as a schoolwide school was
higher---75 percent of students in a school had to be from low-income
families. This threshold was reduced to 60 percent for 1995--96 and 50
percent for 1996--97 and subsequent years. (See Figure 2 and Tables 1a
and 1b.)

As a result of these large increases, the overall number of students
served by Title I has also increased significantly because schoolwide
program participant counts include *all* students in the school.

### School and School District Improvement

As noted earlier, the Title I statute requires districts to annually
review the progress of each Title I school to determine whether the
school is making adequate yearly progress toward enabling its students
to meet state content standards. Schools that do not make adequate
yearly progress for two consecutive years are to be identified for
improvement. A school that is identified for improvement must (1)
develop or revise its school plan in ways that have the greatest
likelihood of improving student performance; (2) submit the new or
revised plan to the district for approval; and (3) devote, over two
consecutive years, an amount equivalent to 10 percent of its annual
Title I allocation to professional development, or otherwise demonstrate
that the school is effectively carrying out professional development
activities.

Districts are to provide technical and other assistance to schools
identified for improvement as they develop or implement their new or
revised plans. States are to establish statewide systems of support to
assist schools, including those identified for improvement. The system
is to include school support teams consisting of persons with expertise
in a variety of areas related to school improvement, distinguished
schools, and distinguished educators. Upon request, states are to use
this statewide system of support to provide technical assistance to
schools furthest from meeting the state's challenging student
performance standards.

Districts may take corrective actions in schools at any point after
providing technical assistance and other remedies. However, districts
must take corrective actions in schools that continue to be low
performing (i.e. do not meet adequate yearly progress) for three
additional years after being identified for improvement. Corrective
actions may take many forms, consistent with state and local law. For
example, an LEA could implement a new research-based curriculum, along
with appropriate professional development, that offers substantial
promise of improving educational achievement for low-performing
students. Or, an LEA could require a school to implement a comprehensive
school reform model. Other corrective actions available to LEAs include
withholding funds or specifying their use; otherwise decreasing
school-level decision-making authority; reconstituting the school staff;
making alternative governance arrangements such as the creation of a
public charter school; or authorizing students to transfer to other
public schools served by the LEA.

In the same manner that districts review the progress of schools, states
are to annually review the progress of districts in enabling students to
meet state academic content standards. Districts that do not meet
adequate yearly progress targets for two consecutive years are to be
identified for improvement. States may take corrective action in
districts identified for improvement at any time after providing
technical assistance and other remedies. Corrective action must be taken
in districts that continue to be low performing (i.e., do not meet
adequate yearly progress targets) for four years after being identified
for improvement.

**Schools Identified for Improvement**

![](media/image2.wmf)States reported that, overall, 20 percent of
schools participating in the Title I program in 1998--99 were identified
for improvement, an increase over the 17 percent reported for 1997--98.
This increase was due primarily to increases in the number of schoolwide
schools identified for improvement. This percentage increased from 23 to
27 percent. When viewed separately, 27 percent of schoolwide schools and
15 percent of targeted assistance schools were identified for
improvement. Tables 2b, 3a, and 3b provide a state-by-state illustration
of the two years of data, as well as footnotes to assist in the
interpretation of the data. There is wide fluctuation in these data for
both years.

Due to the varying identification standards and procedures among the
states, caution should be used in drawing any national conclusions based
on state totals of low-performing schools. Possible explanations for
significant increases include implementation of a new, more rigorous
assessment and insufficient time for most schools identified in prior
years to exit improvement because they must show improvement in two of
three years to exit school improvement. ED is proposing changes in data
collection relating to schools identified for improvement to increase
knowledge about this topic. (See Figure 3 and Tables 2b, 3a, and 3b.)

### School Districts Identified for Improvement

![](media/image2.wmf)In 1998--99, states reported that 13,081 school
districts participated in the Title I Grants to LEAs program, an
increase of approximately 2 percent from the previous year. Among these
districts, 2,759 were identified for improvement based on state-level
criteria. This figure represents 21 percent of all Title I school
districts. However, the 1997--98 and 1998--99 figures should be
interpreted with caution. The large increase in the number of school
districts identified for improvement between the two years does not
necessarily indicate that greater numbers of school districts are
failing to meet student needs. The criteria used to identify school
districts for improvement are developed within each state; therefore,
they are not consistent from state to state. In addition, in both
1997--98 and 1998--99, six states failed to provide this information.
(See Figure 4 and Table 2a.)

**Title I Student Participation**

**Overall Participation Patterns**

![](media/image2.wmf)After earlier declines in the number of students
participating in Title I (1980--1983), participation has steadily
increased. This increase was particularly dramatic recently, due to
increases in the number of schoolwide programs in which all students are
program beneficiaries. The overall number of Title I participants
increased to 13,446,717 in 1998--99. This represents an increase of 7
percent over the 1997--98 participation level of 12,538,283 students.
Within this increase, participation of nonpublic school students
exceeded the highest numbers served since the 1981--82 school year. (See
Figure 5 and Tables 4 and 5.)

### Grade-Level Participation

![](media/image2.wmf)Despite the significant increase in the number of
participants in the Title I Grants to LEAs program, the participation
rate by grade level was virtually unchanged from past years. Both public
and nonpublic student participation was concentrated in the elementary
grades, where literacy and numeracy assistance in the early grades is a
common strategy. The largest concentration of pre-kindergarten and
kindergarten students was in schools with schoolwide programs.

Part A--Neglected[^3] participation was primarily in the secondary
grades. (See Figure 6 and Table 6.)

### Racial and Ethnic Classification

![](media/image2.wmf)In 1998--99, 36 percent of Title I participants
were non-Hispanic whites and 28 percent were black non-Hispanic. Since
1979--80, the percentage of Hispanic Title I participants increased from
16 to 30 percent while the percentage of non-Hispanic white participants
decreased from 53 to 36 percent and the percentage of black non-Hispanic
participants decreased from 31 to 28 percent. The percentage of
participants from other racial and ethnic groups, including American
Indian/Alaskan Natives and Asian/Pacific Islanders, remained unchanged
during this period. Caution in interpreting these demographics is
necessary, however, because Arizona was unable to provide 1996--97
racial and ethnic classification data. (See Figures 7 and 8 and Tables 7
and 8.)

### 

### 

### Special Populations Served by Title I

A significant proportion of Title I participants are students from
special populations who are at risk of not meeting student performance
standards. These special needs children include **students with
disabilities** who represented 10 percent of the Title I participants,
the same percentage reported for 1997--98. Eighteen percent of Title I
participants were classified as **students with limited English
proficiency**, an increase over the 17 percent reported in 1997--98. One
percent of Title I students in 1998--99 were identified as having been
**homeless** at some time, and 4 percent of Title I participants were
children of **migratory** workers. Refer to Tables 9-12 for
state-by-state participation information for these special populations.

Caution in interpreting year-to-year changes, however, is advised. In
addition to the large number of states that failed to report information
for these items for 1998--99, states also reported large fluctuations
from one year to the next. For example, one state reported a 1997--98
rate of 8 percent and a 1998--99 rate of 29 percent for Title I
participants with disabilities.

**Services Supported by Title I**

**Instructional Services**

![](media/image2.wmf)

The two years of instructional services data from the states indicate a
slight shift in the proportion of students participating in three
instructional areas. While the percentage of TAS students receiving
reading/language arts assistance increased from 81 percent in 1997--98
to 89 percent in 1998--99, the percentage of students receiving
mathematics assistance decreased. The reader is advised that
instructional services are reported *only* for participants in TAS
schools, because schoolwide programs serve all students and upgrade the
entire instructional program in those high-poverty schools.
Additionally, the increase in the overall percentage of students
receiving reading services was due primarily to an increase in the
reported number of participants receiving this service in California.
(See Figure 9 and Table 13.)

#### Other Support Services

As in past years, small percentages of TAS students received other Title
I-funded support services. In 1998--99 4 percent of students received
Title I-supported guidance/counseling/social work, 8 percent received
health/dental services, and 3 percent received support services
classified as "other" such as transportation, home visits, nutrition and
clothing, and speech therapy. (See Figure 9 and Table 13.)

**Family Literacy Services**

![](media/image2.wmf)

The Title I legislation provides authority for school districts to
conduct literacy programs for parents of Title I students in a
collaborative attempt with adult education program providers to reach
more adults with low literacy rates. Research continues to show a link
between the education level of mothers and the achievement levels of
their children.

Overall, in 1998--99, data from 45 states and the District of Columbia
show that 15 percent of school districts provided Title I-supported
family literacy services. (See Figure 10 and Table 14.)

### Extended-Time Instructional Programs

A key variable in the ability of districts, schools and students to
achieve high performance standards is time. Research has shown that
extended-time instructional activities, such as before- and after-school
programs and summer programs that are of high quality and are linked to
standards-based curricula have the promise of increasing student
achievement. In 1998--99, 44 states and the District of Columbia
reported that there were 9,972 Title I extended-time instructional
programs in operation---a decrease of 37 percent over the number of
programs reported in operation during the 1997--98 school year. Refer to
Table 15 for by-state figures and note that several states did not
report counts of extended-time programs during one or both of the two
years.

**Title I Staffing Patterns**

![](media/image2.wmf) As part of the revised data collection instrument,
states were asked to provide full-time equivalent (FTE) staffing
information for targeted assistance schools only. The reasoning for this
change was that, in schoolwide schools, the LEAs are not required to
track Title I dollars to particular activities.

Almost one-half (49 percent) of the staff funded by Title I in 1998--99
were teachers. This represents a small increase in the proportion of FTE
staff classified as teachers from 1997--98 and continues the increases
seen in this proportion from 1996--97.

![](media/image2.wmf)Thirty-seven percent of the staff funded by Title I
in 1998--99 were teacher aides. Teachers and teacher aides account for
86 percent of the total staff funded by Title I dollars. While this
proportion has remained unchanged since 1981--82, there has been a shift
over the past 3 years between teachers and aides. The percentage of
total staff classified as teachers has increased (from 45 to 49 percent)
while the percentage of staff classified as teacher aides has decreased.
The FTE number of local administrators comprised a small proportion of
staff (3 percent). (See Figures 11 and 12 and Tables 16 and 17.)

**Information on the Title I State Agency Program for Neglected or
Delinquent Children and Youth**

**Participation by Type of Institution**

![](media/image2.wmf)Data providers were asked to report the number of
State Agency Neglected (N) or Delinquent (D) participants receiving
Title I services through each of three types of institutions: Neglected,
Delinquent, and Adult Correctional. In 1998--99, 30 percent of State
Agency N or D participants were classified as neglected, 48 percent were
classified as delinquent, and 22 percent were classified as adult
correctional.

The figures reported for the State Agency Neglected or Delinquent
program should, however, be viewed with caution. The participation
figures reported by California make up more than half of all program
participants, and these figures shift significantly from one year to the
next. (See Figure 13 and Tables 18 and 19.)

########   {#section-3 .unnumbered}

######## Table 1a

**Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance (TAS) Schools, by State,
1997**--**98**

**and 1998**--**99**

  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------
                   **1997--98**                            **1998--99**                

  **State**        **Number of    **Number TAS **Percent   **Number of    **Number TAS **Percent
                   Title I        Schools**    TAS         Title I        Schools**    TAS
                   Schools**                   Schools**   Schools**                   Schools**

  Alabama          788            303          38          812            282          35

  Alaska           231            137          59          361            281          78

  Arizona          737            386          52          841            419          50

  Arkansas         789            431          55          783            402          51

  California       4,492          3,629        81          4,543          3,555        78

  Colorado         585            479          82          597            451          76

  Connecticut      420            335          80          422            332          79

  Delaware         108            96           89          101            89           88

  District of      101            12           12          125            25           20
  Columbia                                                                             

  Florida          972            124          13          977            122          12

  Georgia          1,024          570          56          1,020          456          45

  Hawaii           129            27           21          138            20           14

  Idaho            397            329          83          397            321          81

  Illinois         2,710          2,140        79          2,259          1,517        67

  Indiana          830            716          86          826            689          83

  Iowa             776            689          89          878            772          88

  Kansas           698            536          77          687            497          72

  Kentucky         872            246          28          872            213          24

  Louisiana        867            153          18          873            152          17

  Maine            425            379          89          462            411          89

  Maryland         406            167          41          300            74           25

  Massachusetts    904            575          64          933            542          58

  Michigan         1,849          1,296        70          2,011          1,417        70

  Minnesota        833            681          82          922            736          80

  Mississippi      670            158          24          680            108          16

  Missouri         --             --           --          --             --           --

  Montana          620            539          87          619            526          85

  Nebraska         494            424          86          496            413          83

  Nevada           90             52           58          98             29           30

  New Hampshire    220            207          94          185            172          93

  New Jersey       1,344          1,199        89          1,285          1,117        87

  New Mexico       440            293          67          450            258          57

  New York         2,779          2,047        74          2,512          1,847        74

  North Carolina   1,021          449          44          1,030          407          40

  North Dakota     283            264          93          285            259          91

  Ohio             2,067          1,444        70          2,020          1,256        62

  Oklahoma         1,122          565          50          1,146          526          46

  Oregon           624            453          73          584            408          70

  Pennsylvania     1,734          1,373        79          1,731          1,340        77

  Rhode Island     134            86           64          136            82           60

  South Carolina   495            96           19          499            80           16

  South Dakota     372            301          81          396            314          79

  Tennessee        743            337          45          770            296          38

  Texas            4,017          807          20          4,141          663          16

  Utah             242            166          69          232            142          61

  Vermont          220            198          90          212            154          73

  Virginia         729            574          79          741            549          74

  Washington       885            613          69          853            556          65

  West Virginia    459            201          44          456            133          29

  Wisconsin        1,706          1,520        89          1,036          849          82

  Wyoming          136            106          78          144            104          72

  Bureau of Indian 173            0            0           173            0            0
  Affairs                                                                              

  Puerto Rico      1,376          913          66          1,406          721          51

  **Total**        **47,138**     **29,821**   **63**      **46,456**     **27,084**   **58**
  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------

**Note:** For both 1997--98 and 1998--99, **Missouri** was unable to
provide information on the number of schools broken out by TAS and SWP.
This table, therefore, does not show data for this state.

**Table 1b**

**Number and Percentage of Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, by State,
1997--98**

**and 1998--99**

  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------
                   **1997--98**                            **1998--99**                

  **State**        **Number of    **Number SWP **Percent   **Number of    **Number SWP **Percent
                   Title I        Schools**    SWP         Title I        Schools**    SWP
                   Schools**                   Schools**   Schools**                   Schools**

  Alabama          788            485          62          812            530          65

  Alaska           231            94           41          361            80           22

  Arizona          737            351          48          841            422          50

  Arkansas         789            358          45          783            381          49

  California       4,492          863          19          4,543          988          22

  Colorado         585            106          18          597            146          24

  Connecticut      420            85           20          422            90           21

  Delaware         108            12           11          101            12           12

  District of      101            89           88          125            100          80
  Columbia                                                                             

  Florida          972            848          87          977            855          88

  Georgia          1,024          454          44          1,020          564          55

  Hawaii           129            102          79          138            118          86

  Idaho            397            68           17          397            76           19

  Illinois         2,710          570          21          2,259          742          33

  Indiana          830            114          14          826            137          17

  Iowa             776            87           11          878            106          12

  Kansas           698            162          23          687            190          28

  Kentucky         872            626          72          872            659          76

  Louisiana        867            714          82          873            721          83

  Maine            425            46           11          462            51           11

  Maryland         406            239          59          300            226          75

  Massachusetts    904            329          36          933            391          42

  Michigan         1,849          553          30          2,011          594          30

  Minnesota        833            152          18          922            186          20

  Mississippi      670            512          76          680            572          84

  Missouri         --             --           --          --             --           --

  Montana          620            81           13          619            93           15

  Nebraska         494            70           14          496            83           17

  Nevada           90             38           42          98             69           70

  New Hampshire    220            13           6           185            13           7

  New Jersey       1,344          145          11          1,285          168          13

  New Mexico       440            147          33          450            192          43

  New York         2,779          732          26          2,512          665          26

  North Carolina   1,021          572          56          1,030          623          60

  North Dakota     283            19           7           285            26           9

  Ohio             2,067          623          30          2,020          764          38

  Oklahoma         1,122          557          50          1,146          620          54

  Oregon           624            171          27          584            176          30

  Pennsylvania     1,734          361          21          1,731          391          23

  Rhode Island     134            48           36          136            54           40

  South Carolina   495            399          81          499            419          84

  South Dakota     372            71           19          396            82           21

  Tennessee        743            406          55          770            474          62

  Texas            4,017          3,210        80          4,141          3,478        84

  Utah             242            76           31          232            90           39

  Vermont          220            22           10          212            58           27

  Virginia         729            155          21          741            192          26

  Washington       885            272          31          853            297          35

  West Virginia    459            258          56          456            323          71

  Wisconsin        1,706          186          11          1,036          187          18

  Wyoming          136            30           22          144            40           28

  Bureau of Indian 173            173          100         173            173          100
  Affairs                                                                              

  Puerto Rico      1,376          463          34          1,406          685          49

  **Total**        **47,138**     **17,317**   **37**      **46,456**     **19,372**   **42**
  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------

**Note:** For both 1997--98 and 1998--99, **Missouri** was unable to
provide information on the number of schools broken out by TAS and SWP.
This table, therefore, does not show data for this state.

**Table 2a**

**Participating Title I Local Education Agencies (LEAs) Identified for
Improvement,**

**by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|               | **1997 |       |        | **1998 |       |        |
|               | --98** |       |        | --99** |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **State**     | *      | **N   | **% in | *      | **N   | **% in |
|               | *Total | umber | Imp    | *Total | umber | Imp    |
|               | Nu     | in    | rove-- | Nu     | in    | rove-- |
|               | mber** | I     | ment** | mber** | I     | ment** |
|               |        | mprov |        |        | mprov |        |
|               |        | e--** |        |        | e--** |        |
|               |        |       |        |        |       |        |
|               |        | **m   |        |        | **m   |        |
|               |        | ent** |        |        | ent** |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Alabama       | 127    | 0     | 0      | 128    | 128   | 100    |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Alaska        | 50     | --    | --     | 51     | 2     | 4      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Arizona       | 261    | 26    | 10     | 294    | 34    | 12     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Arkansas      | 312    | 27    | 9      | 304    | 239   | 79     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| California    | 744    | 154   | 21     | 744    | 154   | 21     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Colorado      | 167    | 2     | 1      | 166    | 17    | 10     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Connecticut   | 122    | 7     | 6      | 123    | 7     | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Delaware      | 22     | 0     | 0      | 22     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| District of   | 1      | --    | --     | 1      | --    | --     |
| Columbia      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Florida       | 67     | 0     | 0      | 67     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Georgia       | 180    | 59    | 33     | 180    | 103   | 57     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Hawaii        | 1      | --    | --     | 1      | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Idaho         | 108    | 31    | 29     | 110    | 8     | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Illinois      | 808    | 13    | 2      | 752    | 125   | 17     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Indiana       | 285    | --    | --     | 285    | 21    | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Iowa          | 377    | 0     | 0      | 375    | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Kansas        | 302    | 63    | 21     | 302    | 81    | 27     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Kentucky      | 174    | 141   | 81     | 174    | 140   | 80     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Louisiana     | 66     | 0     | 0      | 66     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Maine         | 189    | 48    | 25     | 189    | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Maryland      | 24     | 7     | 29     | 24     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Massachusetts | 267    | 101   | 38     | 267    | 100   | 37     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Michigan      | 525    | 385   | 73     | 566    | 430   | 76     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Minnesota     | 350    | 36    | 10     | 336    | 36    | 11     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Mississippi   | 152    | 41    | 27     | 152    | 33    | 22     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Missouri      | 520    | 436   | 84     | 504    | 366   | 73     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Montana       | 306    | 29    | 9      | 307    | 14    | 3      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Nebraska      | 307    | 47    | 15     | 304    | 73    | 24     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Nevada        | 17     | 13    | 76     | 19     | 7     | 37     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Hampshire | 130    | 2     | 2      | 145    | 4     | 3      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Jersey    | 460    | --    | --     | 477    | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Mexico    | 88     | 68    | 77     | 88     | 53    | 60     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New York      | 650    | 49    | 8      | 684    | 13    | 2      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| North         | 117    | 0     | 0      | 117    | 0     | 0      |
| Carolina      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| North Dakota  | 204    | 0     | 0      | 202    | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Ohio          | 590    | 237   | 40     | 607    | 200   | 33     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oklahoma      | 534    | 81    | 15     | 542    | 31    | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oregon        | 170    | 3     | 2      | 169    | 9     | 5      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Pennsylvania  | 486    | 21    | 4      | 492    | 30    | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Rhode Island  | 36     | 36    | 100    | 36     | 2     | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| South         | 86     | 11    | 13     | 86     | 11    | 13     |
| Carolina      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| South Dakota  | 176    | 8     | 5      | 176    | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Tennessee     | 138    | 17    | 12     | 138    | 3     | 2      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Texas         | 1,004  | 5     | \*     | 1,031  | 13    | 1      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Utah          | 40     | 0     | 0      | 40     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Vermont       | 59     | 0     | 0      | 59     | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Virginia      | 132    | 46    | 35     | 132    | 19    | 14     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Washington    | 276    | 93    | 34     | 286    | 71    | 25     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| West Virginia | 55     | 10    | 18     | 55     | 4     | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Wisconsin     | 388    | 14    | 4      | 388    | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Wyoming       | 136    | 36    | 26     | 144    | 31    | 22     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Bureau of     | 173    | 148   | 86     | 173    | 147   | 85     |
| Indian        |        |       |        |        |       |        |
| Affairs       |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Puerto Rico   | 1      | --    | --     | 1      | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Total**     | **12   | **2,  | **20** | **13   | **2,  | **21** |
|               | ,960** | 551** |        | ,081** | 759** |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+

**Note:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. In
1997--98 and 1998--99, **six states** did not submit information
regarding the number of LEAs identified for improvement.

**Table 2b**

**Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement,**

**by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|               | **1997 |       |        | **1998 |       |        |
|               | --98** |       |        | --99** |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **State**     | *      | **N   | **% in | *      | **N   | **% in |
|               | *Total | umber | Imp    | *Total | umber | Imp    |
|               | Nu     | in    | rove-- | Nu     | in    | rove-- |
|               | mber** | I     | ment** | mber** | I     | ment** |
|               |        | mprov |        |        | mprov |        |
|               |        | e--** |        |        | e--** |        |
|               |        |       |        |        |       |        |
|               |        | **m   |        |        | **m   |        |
|               |        | ent** |        |        | ent** |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Alabama       | 788    | 26    | 3      | 812    | 60    | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Alaska        | 231    | 11    | 5      | 361    | 8     | 2      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Arizona       | 737    | 107   | 15     | 841    | 181   | 22     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Arkansas      | 789    | 53    | 7      | 783    | 499   | 64     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| California    | 4,492  | 487   | 11     | 4,543  | 210   | 5      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Colorado      | 585    | 13    | 2      | 597    | 91    | 15     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Connecticut   | 420    | 102   | 24     | 422    | 26    | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Delaware      | 108    | 39    | 36     | 101    | 32    | 32     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| District of   | 101    | 60    | 59     | 125    | 100   | 80     |
| Columbia      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Florida       | 972    | 3     | \*     | 977    | 73    | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Georgia       | 1,024  | 537   | 52     | 1,020  | 603   | 59     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Hawaii        | 129    | 77    | 60     | 138    | 91    | 66     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Idaho         | 397    | 44    | 11     | 397    | 14    | 4      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Illinois      | 2,710  | 62    | 2      | 2,259  | 727   | 32     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Indiana       | 830    | 257   | 31     | 826    | 98    | 12     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Iowa          | 776    | 28    | 4      | 878    | 148   | 17     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Kansas        | 698    | 144   | 21     | 687    | 154   | 22     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Kentucky      | 872    | 634   | 73     | 872    | 615   | 71     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Louisiana     | 867    | 162   | 19     | 873    | 162   | 19     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Maine         | 425    | 134   | 32     | --     | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Maryland      | 406    | 31    | 8      | 300    | 18    | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Massachusetts | 904    | 422   | 47     | 933    | 399   | 43     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Michigan      | 1,849  | 1,048 | 57     | 2,011  | 1,523 | 76     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Minnesota     | 833    | 103   | 12     | --     | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Mississippi   | 670    | 108   | 16     | 680    | 100   | 15     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Missouri      | --     | --    | --     | --     | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Montana       | 620    | 63    | 10     | 619    | 62    | 10     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Nebraska      | 494    | 80    | 16     | 496    | 204   | 41     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Nevada        | 90     | 62    | 69     | 98     | 35    | 36     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Hampshire | 220    | 2     | 1      | 185    | 4     | 2      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Jersey    | --     | --    | --     | --     | --    | --     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New Mexico    | 440    | 182   | 41     | 450    | 149   | 33     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| New York      | 2,779  | 410   | 15     | 2,581  | 492   | 20     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| North         | 1,021  | 76    | 7      | 1,030  | 46    | 4      |
| Carolina      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| North Dakota  | 283    | 16    | 6      | 285    | 20    | 7      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Ohio          | 2,067  | 450   | 22     | 2,020  | 508   | 25     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oklahoma      | 1,122  | 81    | 7      | 1,146  | 31    | 3      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oregon        | 624    | 9     | 1      | 584    | 28    | 5      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1,734  | 204   | 12     | 1,731  | 215   | 12     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Rhode Island  | 134    | 1     | 1      | 136    | 34    | 25     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| South         | 495    | 97    | 20     | 499    | 75    | 15     |
| Carolina      |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| South Dakota  | 372    | 8     | 2      | 396    | 0     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Tennessee     | 743    | 118   | 16     | 770    | 17    | 2      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Texas         | 4,017  | 55    | 1      | 4,141  | 61    | 1      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Utah          | 242    | 20    | 8      | 232    | 20    | 9      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Vermont       | 220    | 10    | 5      | 212    | 27    | 13     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Virginia      | 729    | 152   | 21     | 741    | 150   | 20     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Washington    | 885    | 172   | 19     | 853    | 71    | 8      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| West Virginia | 459    | 146   | 32     | 456    | 130   | 29     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Wisconsin     | 1,706  | 211   | 12     | 1,036  | 66    | 6      |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Wyoming       | 136    | 36    | 26     | 144    | 31    | 22     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Bureau of     | 173    | 148   | 86     | 173    | 147   | 85     |
| Indian        |        |       |        |        |       |        |
| Affairs       |        |       |        |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Puerto Rico   | 1,376  | 150   | 11     | 1,406  | 200   | 14     |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Total**     | **45   | **7,  | **17** | **43   | **8,  | **20** |
|               | ,794** | 651** |        | ,787** | 755** |        |
+---------------+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+

**Note:** For both 1997--98 and 1998--99, **Missouri** was unable to
provide information on the number of schools broken out by TAS and SWP.
Additionally, this state was unable to provide counts of the number of
schools identified for improvement. This table, therefore does not show
data for this state. For 1997--98 and 1998--99, **New Jersey** was
unable to provide information on the number of schools identified for
improvement. **Maine** and **Minnesota** were unable to provide this
information for 1998--99.

**Table 3a**

**Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) in School Improvement, by State,
1997--98 and 1998--99**

+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|               | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|               | 7--98** |         |      | 8--99** |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**     | *       | *       | **%  | *       | *       | **%  |
|               | *Number | *Number | in   | *Number | *Number | in   |
|               | of      | in      | Imp  | of      | in      | Imp  |
|               | Sc      | Impr    | rove | Sc      | Impr    | rove |
|               | hools** | ove--** | --me | hools** | ove--** | --me |
|               |         |         | nt** |         |         | nt** |
|               |         | *       |      |         | *       |      |
|               |         | *ment** |      |         | *ment** |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama       | 303     | 2       | 1    | 282     | 5       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska        | 137     | 7       | 5    | 281     | 4       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona       | 386     | 42      | 11   | 419     | 66      | 16   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas      | 431     | 19      | 4    | 402     | 245     | 61   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California    | 3,629   | 350     | 10   | 3,555   | 65      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado      | 479     | 11      | 2    | 451     | 58      | 13   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut   | 335     | 57      | 17   | 332     | 3       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware      | 96      | 35      | 36   | 89      | 30      | 34   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of   | 12      | 7       | 58   | 25      | 21      | 84   |
| Columbia      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida       | 124     | 0       | 0    | 122     | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia       | 570     | 313     | 55   | 456     | 208     | 46   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii        | 27      | 6       | 22   | 20      | 4       | 20   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho         | 329     | 41      | 12   | 321     | 12      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois      | 2,140   | 16      | 1    | 1,517   | 217     | 14   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana       | 716     | 188     | 26   | 689     | 61      | 9    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa          | 689     | 8       | 1    | 772     | 115     | 15   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas        | 536     | 103     | 19   | 497     | 94      | 19   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky      | 246     | 161     | 65   | 213     | 119     | 56   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana     | 153     | 4       | 3    | 152     | 6       | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine         | 379     | 116     | 31   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland      | 167     | 4       | 2    | 74      | 3       | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Massachusetts | 575     | 152     | 26   | 542     | 121     | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan      | 1,296   | 715     | 55   | 1,417   | 1026    | 72   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota     | 681     | 60      | 9    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi   | 158     | 1       | 1    | 108     | 3       | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri      | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana       | 539     | 27      | 5    | 526     | 22      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska      | 424     | 65      | 15   | 413     | 161     | 39   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada        | 52      | 34      | 65   | 29      | 5       | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Hampshire | 207     | 2       | 1    | 172     | 4       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey    | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico    | 293     | 123     | 42   | 258     | 74      | 29   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York      | 2,047   | 226     | 11   | 1,847   | 242     | 13   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North         | 449     | 7       | 2    | 407     | 1       | \*   |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota  | 264     | 5       | 2    | 259     | 5       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio          | 1,444   | 314     | 22   | 1,256   | 292     | 23   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 565     | 22      | 4    | 526     | 6       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon        | 453     | 4       | 1    | 408     | 14      | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1,373   | 26      | 2    | 1,340   | 32      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 86      | 1       | 1    | 82      | 2       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South         | 96      | 2       | 2    | 80      | 1       | 1    |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota  | 301     | 7       | 2    | 314     | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee     | 337     | 22      | 7    | 296     | 4       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas         | 807     | 4       | \*   | 663     | 5       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah          | 166     | 5       | 3    | 142     | 5       | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont       | 198     | 9       | 5    | 154     | 20      | 13   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia      | 574     | 96      | 17   | 549     | 92      | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington    | 613     | 90      | 15   | 556     | 40      | 7    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West Virginia | 201     | 44      | 22   | 133     | 17      | 13   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 1,520   | 54      | 4    | 849     | 17      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming       | 106     | 30      | 28   | 104     | 21      | 20   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of     | 0       | --      | --   | 0       | --      | --   |
| Indian        |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 913     | 115     | 13   | 721     | 107     | 15   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**     | **2     | **      | **   | **2     | **      | **   |
|               | 8,622** | 3,752** | 13** | 4,820** | 3,675** | 15** |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent

**Note:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. The
**Bureau of Indian Affairs** does not have TAS schools. For 1997--98 and
1998--99, **Missouri** was unable to provide the information on the
total number of schools and schools identified for improvement broken
out by TAS and SWP and therefore is excluded from this table. **New
Jersey** was unable to provide information on the number of schools
identified for improvement both for 1997--98 and 1998--99. For 1998--99,
two additional states (**Maine** and **Minnesota** were unable to
provide information on the number of TAS schools in improvement.

**Table 3b**

**Schoolwide (SWP) Schools in School Improvement, by State, 1997--98 and
1998--99**

+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|               | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|               | 7--98** |         |      | 8--99** |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**     | *       | *       | **%  | *       | *       | **%  |
|               | *Number | *Number | in   | *Number | *Number | in   |
|               | of      | in      | Imp  | of      | in      | Imp  |
|               | Sc      | Impr    | rove | Sc      | Impr    | rove |
|               | hools** | ove--** | --me | hools** | ove--** | --me |
|               |         |         | nt** |         |         | nt** |
|               |         | *       |      |         | *       |      |
|               |         | *ment** |      |         | *ment** |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama       | 485     | 24      | 5    | 530     | 55      | 10   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska        | 94      | 4       | 4    | 80      | 4       | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona       | 351     | 65      | 19   | 422     | 115     | 27   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas      | 358     | 34      | 9    | 381     | 254     | 67   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California    | 863     | 137     | 16   | 988     | 145     | 15   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado      | 106     | 2       | 2    | 146     | 33      | 23   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut   | 85      | 45      | 53   | 90      | 23      | 26   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware      | 12      | 4       | 33   | 12      | 2       | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of   | 89      | 53      | 60   | 100     | 79      | 79   |
| Columbia      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida       | 848     | 3       | \*   | 855     | 73      | 9    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia       | 454     | 224     | 49   | 564     | 395     | 70   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii        | 102     | 71      | 70   | 118     | 87      | 74   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho         | 68      | 3       | 4    | 76      | 2       | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois      | 570     | 46      | 8    | 742     | 510     | 69   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana       | 114     | 69      | 61   | 137     | 37      | 27   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa          | 87      | 20      | 23   | 106     | 33      | 31   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas        | 162     | 41      | 25   | 190     | 60      | 32   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky      | 626     | 473     | 76   | 659     | 496     | 75   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana     | 714     | 158     | 22   | 721     | 156     | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine         | 46      | 18      | 39   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland      | 239     | 27      | 11   | 226     | 15      | 7    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Massachusetts | 329     | 270     | 82   | 391     | 278     | 71   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan      | 553     | 333     | 60   | 594     | 497     | 84   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota     | 152     | 43      | 28   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi   | 512     | 107     | 21   | 572     | 97      | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri      | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana       | 81      | 36      | 44   | 93      | 40      | 43   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska      | 70      | 15      | 21   | 83      | 43      | 52   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada        | 38      | 28      | 74   | 69      | 30      | 43   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Hampshire | 13      | 0       | 0    | 13      | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey    | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico    | 147     | 59      | 40   | 192     | 75      | 39   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York      | 732     | 184     | 25   | 665     | 250     | 38   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North         | 572     | 69      | 12   | 623     | 45      | 7    |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota  | 19      | 11      | 58   | 26      | 15      | 58   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio          | 623     | 136     | 22   | 764     | 216     | 28   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 557     | 59      | 11   | 620     | 25      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon        | 171     | 5       | 3    | 176     | 14      | 8    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 361     | 178     | 49   | 391     | 183     | 47   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 48      | 0       | 0    | 54      | 32      | 59   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South         | 399     | 95      | 24   | 419     | 74      | 18   |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota  | 71      | 1       | 1    | 82      | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee     | 406     | 96      | 24   | 474     | 13      | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas         | 3,210   | 51      | 2    | 3,478   | 56      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah          | 76      | 15      | 20   | 90      | 15      | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont       | 22      | 1       | 5    | 58      | 7       | 12   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia      | 155     | 56      | 36   | 192     | 58      | 30   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington    | 272     | 82      | 30   | 297     | 31      | 10   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West Virginia | 258     | 102     | 40   | 323     | 113     | 35   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 186     | 157     | 84   | 187     | 49      | 26   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming       | 30      | 6       | 20   | 40      | 10      | 25   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of     | 173     | 148     | 86   | 173     | 147     | 85   |
| Indian        |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 463     | 35      | 8    | 685     | 93      | 14   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**     | **1     | **      | **   | **1     | **      | **   |
|               | 7,172** | 3,899** | 23** | 8,967** | 5,080** | 27** |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent

**Note:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. The
**Bureau of Indian Affairs** does not have TAS schools. For 1997--98 and
1998--99, **Missouri** was unable to provide the information on the
total number of schools and schools identified for improvement broken
out by TAS and SWP and therefore is excluded from this table. **New
Jersey** was unable to provide information on the number of schools
identified for improvement for both 1997--98 and 1998--99. For 1998--99,
two additional states (**Maine** and **Minnesota**) were unable to
provide information on the number of SWP schools in improvement.

**Table 4**

**Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Nonpublic, and Local
Neglected or Delinquent**

**(N or D) Participants, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------
                  **Public TAS**                                      **Public SWP**                            

  **State**       **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**    **% of
                                  Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**

  Alabama         38,088          15        34,470          13        222,340         85        230,519         87

  Alaska          5,606           29        9,832           39        13,662          70        15,600          61

  Arizona         49,480          19        39,138          17        201,897         79        195,007         83

  Arkansas        44,050          28        40,354          24        111,142         71        124,481         75

  California      818,098         39        1,357,469       61        1,235,577       59        795,019         36

  Colorado        30,869          41        27,189          30        43,623          58        61,940          69

  Connecticut     26,816          34        27,704          35        49,376          62        49,476          63

  Delaware        --              --        9,446           52        --              --        7,155           39

  District of     4,056           8         12,598          21        45,143          86        46,431          77
  Columbia                                                                                                      

  Florida         13,259          2         17,883          2         598,649         97        697,484         97

  Georgia         73,925          22        50,543          13        255,760         77        336,701         87

  Hawaii          3,817           6         1,658           2         64,063          94        75,626          98

  Idaho           21,073          52        36,932          63        18,436          46        21,559          37

  Illinois        120,190         24        107,461         23        362,812         73        337,190         74

  Indiana         60,330          56        55,924          49        43,708          40        54,182          47

  Iowa            29,959          61        27,886          51        15,963          33        22,913          42

  Kansas          23,639          30        19,977          25        52,084          65        55,653          70

  Kentucky        31,826          11        25,196          9         247,207         88        266,546         91

  Louisiana       19,476          6         68,693          17        311,773         91        331,302         81

  Maine           16,921          71        18,488          71        6,715           28        7,446           29

  Maryland        13,139          11        10,086          8         107,668         88        121,495         91

  Massachusetts   37,984          17        35,204          16        174,931         78        183,439         82

  Michigan        206,494         43        210,682         42        263,998         55        278,898         56

  Minnesota       62,775          53        66,726          45        50,708          42        76,139          52

  Mississippi     20,946          7         13,174          5         261,025         92        256,807         94

  Missouri        --              --        --              --        --              --        --              --

  Montana         17,994          55        17,851          50        13,687          42        16,540          47

  Nebraska        15,233          36        14,828          32        24,690          58        27,527          60

  Nevada          8,950           28        1,704           3         22,078          68        49,216          96

  New Hampshire   10,644          72        9,815           67        3,927           27        4,737           32

  New Jersey      94,572          60        106,240         53        53,684          34        87,860          43

  New Mexico      28,335          30        23,239          22        62,359          65        80,966          75

  New York        266,529         37        273,135         37        416,067         58        425,043         58

  North Carolina  34,190          12        33,197          11        256,525         88        279,438         89

  North Dakota    11,994          59        11,567          60        7,760           38        7,442           38

  Ohio            90,442          27        83,939          23        233,594         70        277,854         75

  Oklahoma        48,336          25        35,221          16        144,583         75        179,405         83

  Oregon          38,756          37        35,626          33        65,079          62        70,248          66

  Pennsylvania    118,260         33        119,184         32        213,894         60        227,686         61

  Rhode Island    4,158           26        5,441           23        10,585          65        16,802          71

  South Carolina  7,442           4         7,308           3         199,418         96        205,556         96

  South Dakota    10,348          47        9,466           44        11,154          51        11,310          53

  Tennessee       36,039          16        32,485          13        188,542         81        219,832         85

  Texas           65,487          4         52,026          3         1,711,993       96        1,833,083       97

  Utah            20,710          38        16,331          26        33,795          62        46,935          74

  Vermont         7,999           48        7,187           43        8,448           50        9,174           54

  Virginia        40,432          35        36,549          29        72,471          63        84,604          68

  Washington      52,362          31        48,759          25        117,180         68        139,169         73

  West Virginia   17,575          21        11,443          12        65,290          78        81,108          87

  Wisconsin       50,729          30        46,108          29        112,201         67        112,165         70

  Wyoming         5,687           45        4,965           34        6,682           53        9,578           65

  Bureau of       0               0         0               0         50,241          100       50,360          100
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                

  Puerto Rico     152,956         42        96,689          24        196,129         54        291,056         72

  **Total**       **3,028,975**   **26**    **3,465,016**   **27**    **9,060,316**   **72**    **9,493,702**   **71**
  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------

**Table 4 (continued)**

**Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Nonpublic, and Local
Neglected or Delinquent**

**(N or D) Participants, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  --------------- --------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
                  **Nonpublic**                                      **Local N or                                      **Total**                         
                                                                     D**                                                                                 

  **State**       **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**   **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1998--99**   **% of    **1997--98**     **1998--99**     **%
                                  Total**                  Total**                  Total**                  Total**                                     Change**

  Alabama         417             \*        719            \*        1,390          1         --             --        262,235          265,708          1

  Alaska          1               \*        3              \*        177            1         --             --        19,446           25,435           31

  Arizona         2,110           1         736            \*        2,799          1         1,200          1         256,286          236,081          \*

  Arkansas        611             \*        515            \*        340            \*        364            \*        156,143          165,714          6

  California      29,453          1         34,758         2         8,434          \*        38,209         2         2,091,562        2,225,455        6

  Colorado        454             1         510            1         589            1         549            1         75,535           90,188           19

  Connecticut     1,565           2         1,748          2         1,519          2         --             --        79,276           78,928           \*

  Delaware        --              --        1,583          9         --             --        0              \*        8,656            18,184           110

  District of     3,181           6         1,192          2         225            \*        --             --        52,605           60,221           14
  Columbia                                                                                                                                               

  Florida         2,727           \*        3,000          \*        2,213          \*        --             --        616,848          718,367          16

  Georgia         469             \*        454            \*        986            \*        1,392          \*        331,140          389,090          18

  Hawaii          121             \*        202            \*        0              \*        --             --        68,001           77,486           14

  Idaho           162             \*        297            1         483            1         239            \*        40,154           59,027           47

  Illinois        10,079          2         10,282         2         2,406          \*        2,498          1         495,487          457,431          \*

  Indiana         2,239           2         2,347          2         1,720          2         1,834          2         107,997          114,287          6

  Iowa            1,847           4         1,879          3         1,315          3         2,064          4         49,084           54,742           12

  Kansas          1,412           2         1,339          2         2,540          3         2,461          3         79,675           79,430           \*

  Kentucky        1,471           1         1,698          1         941            \*        --             --        281,445          293,440          4

  Louisiana       5,316           2         3,302          1         5,836          2         4,317          1         342,401          407,614          19

  Maine           161             1         163            1         8              \*        --             --        23,805           26,097           10

  Maryland        1,221           1         1,390          1         744            1         749            1         122,772          133,720          9

  Massachusetts   9,149           4         4,656          2         1,468          1         1,186          1         223,532          224,485          \*

  Michigan        4,464           1         4,751          1         1,648          \*        3,742          1         476,604          498,073          5

  Minnesota       3,940           3         4,032          3         2,069          2         372            \*        119,492          147,269          23

  Mississippi     2,087           1         1,699          1         486            \*        396            \*        284,544          272,076          \*

  Missouri        4,079           2         3,775          2         2,202          1         --             --        167,807          196,852          17

  Montana         353             1         453            1         498            2         574            2         32,532           35,418           9

  Nebraska        1,346           3         1,436          3         1,476          3         1,880          4         42,745           45,671           7

  Nevada          79              \*        70             \*        1,400          4         54             \*        32,507           51,044           57

  New Hampshire   120             1         124            1         90             1         --             --        14,781           14,676           \*

  New Jersey      6,444           4         8,118          4         2,131          1         --             --        156,831          202,218          29

  New Mexico      1,164           1         1,109          1         3,982          4         2,016          2         95,840           107,330          12

  New York        30,639          4         31,077         4         6,587          1         7,265          1         719,822          736,520          2

  North Carolina  164             \*        90             \*        254            \*        794            \*        291,133          313,519          8

  North Dakota    406             2         415            2         114            1         --             --        20,274           19,424           \*

  Ohio            7,375           2         8,250          2         3,144          1         1,246          \*        334,555          371,289          11

  Oklahoma        329             \*        286            \*        771            \*        712            \*        194,019          215,624          11

  Oregon          751             1         843            1         173            \*        208            \*        104,759          106,925          2

  Pennsylvania    22,245          6         23,710         6         3,997          1         3,422                    358,396          374,002          3

  Rhode Island    1,448           9         1,414          6         84             1         73             \*        16,275           23,730           46

  South Carolina  121             \*        532            \*        694            \*        891            \*        207,675          214,287          3

  South Dakota    295             1         379            2         104            \*        279            1         21,901           21,434           \*

  Tennessee       394             \*        419            \*        6,950          3         6,098          2         231,925          258,834          12

  Texas           7,294           \*        7,186          \*        6,549          \*        6,031          \*        1,791,323        1,898,326        6

  Utah            123             \*        110            \*        --             --        --             --        54,628           63,376           16

  Vermont         247             1         267            2         54             \*        221            1         16,748           16,849           1

  Virginia        644             1         690            1         2,063          2         2,548          2         115,610          124,391          8

  Washington      622             \*        573            \*        1,109          1         1,560          1         171,273          190,061          12

  West Virginia   303             \*        360            \*        366            \*        105            \*        83,534           93,016           11

  Wisconsin       4,595           3         3,042          2         77             \*        17             \*        167,602          161,332          \*

  Wyoming         127             1         95             1         45             \*        --             --        12,541           14,638           17

  Bureau of       0               0         0              0         0              0         0              0         50,241           50,360           \*
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                         

  Puerto Rico     16,707          5         19,278         5         489            \*        --             --        366,281          407,023          11

  **Total**       **193,071**     **2**     **197,356**    **1**     **85,739**     **1**     **97,566**     **1**     **12,538,283**   **13,446,717**   **7**
  --------------- --------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. For
1997--98 two states **(Delaware** and **Missouri)** were unable to
provide participation broken out by TAS and SWP. **Missouri** was the
only state that failed to provide this breakout for 1998--99. For these
states, all of their participants are reported in the overall totals but
not in the Public TAS and SWP breakouts. Additionally, sixteen states
were unable to provide information on the total number of Local N or D
participants.

**Table 5**

**Title I Participation, Public, Nonpublic, Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D),**

**and Total, 1979--80 to 1998--99**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Year</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Public</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><strong>Nonpublic</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Local</strong></p>
<p><strong>N or D</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1979–80</td>
<td colspan="4">4,973,708</td>
<td></td>
<td>189,114</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5,162,822</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1980–81</td>
<td colspan="4">4,862,308</td>
<td>–2</td>
<td>213,499</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5,075,807</td>
<td>–2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1981–82</td>
<td colspan="4">4,434,447</td>
<td>–9</td>
<td>184,084</td>
<td>–14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,618,531</td>
<td>–9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1982–83</td>
<td colspan="4">4,270,424</td>
<td>–4</td>
<td>177,210</td>
<td>–4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,447,634</td>
<td>–4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1983–84</td>
<td colspan="4">4,381,975</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>190,660</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,572,635</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1984–85</td>
<td colspan="4">4,528,177</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>184,532</td>
<td>–3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,712,709</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1985–86</td>
<td colspan="4">4,611,948</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>127,922</td>
<td>–31</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,739,870</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1986–87</td>
<td colspan="4">4,594,761</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>137,900</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,732,661</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1987–88</td>
<td colspan="4">4,808,030</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>136,618</td>
<td>–1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,944,648</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1988–89</td>
<td colspan="4">4,777,643</td>
<td>––</td>
<td>137,656</td>
<td>––</td>
<td>131,574</td>
<td></td>
<td>5,046,873</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1989–90</td>
<td colspan="4">5,014,617</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>151,948</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>161,255</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>5,327,820</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1990–91</td>
<td colspan="4">5,252,141</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>157,360</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>138,069</td>
<td>–14</td>
<td>5,547,570</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1991–92</td>
<td colspan="4">5,594,718</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>163,329</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>145,572</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5,903,619</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1992–93</td>
<td colspan="4">6,042,849</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>171,239</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>182,398</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>6,396,486</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1993–94</td>
<td colspan="4">6,198,095</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>177,243</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>178,942</td>
<td>–2</td>
<td>6,554,280</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1994–95</td>
<td colspan="4">6,392,372</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>172,982</td>
<td>–2</td>
<td>106,467</td>
<td>–41</td>
<td>6,671,821</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1995–96+</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Public TAS</td>
<td>% Diff</td>
<td>Public SWP</td>
<td>% Diff</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>3,520,622</td>
<td></td>
<td>7,529,762</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>167,590</td>
<td>–3</td>
<td>76,719</td>
<td>–28</td>
<td>11,294,693</td>
<td>69</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>3,028,975</td>
<td>–14</td>
<td>9,060,316</td>
<td>20</td>
<td></td>
<td>193,071</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>85,739</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12,538,283</td>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1998–99</td>
<td>3,465,016</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>9,493,702</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td>197,356</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>97,566</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>13,446,717</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the
1995--96 school year.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. For
1997--98 two states **(Delaware** and **Missouri)** were unable to
provide participation broken out by TAS and SWP. **Missouri** was the
only state that failed to provide this breakout for 1998--99. For these
states, all of their participants are reported in the overall totals but
not in the Public TAS and SWP breakouts.

**Table 6**

**Title I Participants, by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance (TAS),
Schoolwide (SWP), Nonpublic, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and
Total, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  ------------------ ------------ -------- --------- ------------ -------- --------- --------------- -------------- --------- ------------ ------- --------- ------------ -----------
                     **Public                        **Public                        **Nonpublic**                            **Local N or                   **Total**    
                     TAS**                           SWP**                                                                    D**                                         

  **Grade Level**    **Number**   **% of   **% of    **Number**   **% of   **% of    **Number**      **% of         **% of    **Number**   **% of  **% of    **Number**   **%
                                  Public   Total**                Public   Total**                   Non-public**   Total**                Local N Total**                Overall**
                                  TAS**                           SWP**                                                                    or D**                         

  **1997--98**                                                                                                                                                            

  **Pre--K**         50,762       2        17        250,350      3        83        1,074           1              \*        234          \*      \*        302,420      2

  **Kindergarten**   248,297      8        20        966,542      11       79        15,061          8              1         1,025        1       \*        1,260,925    10

  **Grades 1--3**    1,266,763    42       27        3,258,758    36       71        84,231          44             2         5,631        7       \*        4,615,383    37

  **Grades 4--6**    823,425      27       24        2,581,081    28       74        59,349          31             2         9,069        11      \*        3,472,924    28

  **Grades 7--9**    475,359      16       25        1,382,334    15       72        26,795          14             1         36,982       43      2         1,921,470    16

  **Grades 10--12**  168,381      6        23        539,827      6        73        5,232           3              1         26,382       31      4         739,822      6

  **Ungraded**       4,564        \*       7         54,863       1        82        1,329           1              2         6,139        7       9         66,885       1

  **Total**          3,037,551    100      25        9,063,755    100      73        193,071         100            2         85,462       100     1         12,379,829   100

  **1998--99**                                                                                                                                                            

  **Pre--K**         38,611       1        14        245,455      3        85        991             1              \*        309          \*      \*        285,366      2

  **Kindergarten**   310,063      9        24        942,927      10       74        15,362          8              1         1,243        1       \*        1,269,559    10

  **Grades 1--3**    1,386,763    40       28        3,426,379    36       70        81,103          41             2         6,078        7       \*        4,899,989    37

  **Grades 4--6**    960,639      28       25        2,737,466    29       73        60,963          31             2         9,463        10      \*        3,768,369    28

  **Grades 7--9**    533,753      15       26        1,458,110    15       71        28,854          15             1         34,301       37      2         2,054,977    15

  **Grades 10--12**  194,070      6        24        554,695      6        70        8,412           4              1         37,070       40      5         794,247      6

  **Ungraded**       41,076       1        25        121,420      1        73        518             \*             \*        3,841        4       2         166,855      1

  **Total**          3,464,975    100      27        9,486,452    100      71        196,203         100            1         92,305       100     1         13,239,362   100
  ------------------ ------------ -------- --------- ------------ -------- --------- --------------- -------------- --------- ------------ ------- --------- ------------ -----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent

**Note**: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

**Table 7**

**Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP)**

**Participants, by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State, 1997--98
and 1998--99**

  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------
                  **Black, not                                        **Hispanic**                                        **White**                                 
                  Hispanic**                                                                                                                                        

  **State**       **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1998--99**    **% of
                                  Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**

  Alabama         152,537         59        149,628         56        2,187           1         2,735           1         101,970         39        109,493         41

  Alaska          1,523           8         1,373           5         664             3         967             4         5,744           29        6,111           24

  Arizona         13,771          9         17,731          7         31,073          21        138,031         55        64,547          43        62,514          25

  Arkansas        58,368          38        60,805          37        4,282           3         5,930           4         91,006          59        96,260          58

  California      311,014         14        328,892         14        1,253,421       58        1,383,001       59        381,840         18        404,474         17

  Colorado        6,182           8         7,206           8         34,280          45        38,360          43        32,367          43        41,226          46

  Connecticut     25,449          33        28,651          37        27,292          36        26,816          35        21,563          28        19,705          25

  Delaware        5,187           39        164             1         987             7         1,148           7         6,967           52        9,362           56

  District of     44,604          91        52,634          89        3,901           8         5,010           8         135             \*        365             1
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                          

  Florida         244,078         40        272,534         38        116,476         19        149,750         21        239,126         39        275,476         39

  Georgia         204,030         62        235,867         61        14,220          4         18,451          5         104,538         32        124,541         32

  Hawaii          1,516           2         2,019           3         1,697           3         2,139           3         10,326          16        12,155          16

  Idaho           257             \*        537             1         7,975           11        13,229          25        28,179          38        37,552          70

  Illinois        265,821         55        211,357         48        109,864         23        107,729         24        101,784         21        118,087         27

  Indiana         27,203          26        31,572          29        6,246           6         4,483           4         68,424          66        69,823          65

  Iowa            3,583           7         4,872           9         2,865           6         3,598           6         41,713          84        46,511          82

  Kansas          13,228          17        15,090          20        12,157          16        12,946          17        44,554          59        44,103          58

  Kentucky        35,857          13        35,600          12        1,825           1         2,273           1         238,312         85        250,083         86

  Louisiana       194,621         59        232,685         58        15,881          5         4,051           1         115,037         35        156,405         39

  Maine           160             1         401             2         387             2         194             1         22,721          95        24,903          96

  Maryland        78,029          65        85,870          65        6,776           6         9,413           7         33,503          28        33,096          25

  Massachusetts   49,731          23        50,440          23        62,931          29        65,409          29        77,698          36        83,022          37

  Michigan        225,779         47        228,754         47        19,780          4         21,438          4         225,164         47        216,420         44

  Minnesota       19,863          19        30,224          21        5,403           5         8,923           6         62,319          60        81,463          57

  Mississippi     183,987         65        160,107         59        1,044           \*        1,270           \*        95,240          34        109,589         40

  Missouri        13,770          8         3,676           2         2,614           2         15,186          7         142,968         87        180,448         88

  Montana         216             1         875             3         823             3         253             1         21,245          67        23,301          68

  Nebraska        7,028           18        6,684           16        4,998           13        6,238           15        25,731          64        26,872          63

  Nevada          5,917           19        8,936           18        14,080          45        23,918          47        9,210           30        15,121          30

  New Hampshire   331             2         360             3         576             4         672             5         13,929          93        13,150          91

  New Jersey      47,073          32        78,841          41        53,280          36        59,094          30        43,661          29        50,412          26

  New Mexico      1,987           2         2,180           2         53,614          59        61,727          59        17,463          19        20,021          19

  New York        229,360         34        227,177         33        228,386         33        236,153         34        173,900         25        185,318         27

  North Carolina  134,395         46        138,572         44        12,110          4         16,015          5         127,576         44        139,464         45

  North Dakota    297             1         424             2         400             2         362             2         14,602          72        14,716          76

  Ohio            119,438         37        114,676         31        10,109          3         9,103           2         188,367         58        237,456         64

  Oklahoma        30,753          16        33,550          16        12,220          6         14,758          7         106,417         55        118,999         55

  Oregon          6,406           6         6,411           6         17,469          17        17,387          16        72,082          69        74,525          70

  Pennsylvania    137,566         41        144,303         42        36,628          11        40,162          12        141,856         43        153,159         44

  Rhode Island    2,413           16        4,099           18        4,463           29        6,799           30        6,398           42        9,322           41

  South Carolina  125,635         61        128,554         60        2,443           1         3,496           2         77,394          37        79,038          37

  South Dakota    197             1         252             1         236             1         337             2         12,881          60        13,510          61

  Tennessee       93,169          41        103,482         41        2,523           1         3,529           1         127,480         57        143,519         57

  Texas           294,180         17        301,442         16        1,011,893       57        1,063,588       56        445,957         25        489,133         26

  Utah            1,101           2         14,136          22        10,499          19        1,427           2         37,003          68        41,003          65

  Vermont         392             2         411             2         111             1         116             1         15,203          95        16,292          94

  Virginia        63,389          56        67,893          56        5,713           5         5,985           5         42,320          37        45,304          37

  Washington      14,297          8         17,158          9         39,627          23        44,349          24        95,892          56        104,862         56

  West Virginia   4,243           5         9,941           11        206             \*        1,499           2         78,002          94        80,442          87

  Wisconsin       67,235          41        64,938          40        17,462          11        15,697          10        69,260          43        68,497          42

  Wyoming         234             2         211             2         1,438           12        1,434           11        9,198           77        9,040           72

  Bureau of       0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                    

  Puerto Rico     0               \*        0               \*        349,085         100       387,745         100       0               \*        0               \*

  **Total**       **3,567,400**   **29**    **3,724,195**   **28**    **3,636,620**   **30**    **4,064,323**   **30**    **4,330,772**   **35**    **4,785,663**   **36**
  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------

**Table 7 (continued)**

**Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP)**

**Participants, by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State, 1997--98
and 1998--99**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Asian/Pacific Islander</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Am. Indian/Alaskan Native</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Other</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>State</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1998–99</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1998–99</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1998–99</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>1998–99</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Alabama</td>
<td>1,106</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,012</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>2,551</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,307</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>260,434</td>
<td>265,241</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Alaska</td>
<td>801</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,303</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>10,721</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>15,678</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>19,493</td>
<td>25,432</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arizona</td>
<td>2,362</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3,304</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>38,236</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>30,894</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>476</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>150,465</td>
<td>252,505</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arkansas</td>
<td>944</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,107</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>558</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>155,192</td>
<td>164,835</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>California</td>
<td>167,225</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>172,619</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>19,969</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>24,880</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>38,025</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>45,059</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2,171,494</td>
<td>2,358,925</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Colorado</td>
<td>1,113</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,511</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,593</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,885</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>75,535</td>
<td>90,188</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Connecticut</td>
<td>1,056</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,416</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>133</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>214</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>699</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>76,192</td>
<td>77,313</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Delaware</td>
<td>153</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5,906</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>13,323</td>
<td>16,615</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>District of Columbia</td>
<td>542</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>997</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>49,199</td>
<td>59,029</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Florida</td>
<td>6,756</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>8,612</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,549</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,925</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,923</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>7,070</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>611,908</td>
<td>715,367</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Georgia</td>
<td>3,390</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4,493</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>433</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>337</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,074</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,555</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>329,685</td>
<td>387,244</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hawaii</td>
<td>43,493</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>52,870</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>282</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>344</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>6,432</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>7,757</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>63,746</td>
<td>77,284</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Idaho</td>
<td>344</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>812</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>779</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,679</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>37,534</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>75,068</td>
<td>53,809</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Illinois</td>
<td>4,142</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5,951</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,029</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>556</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>362</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>971</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>483,002</td>
<td>444,651</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Indiana</td>
<td>357</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>428</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>798</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>213</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,010</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,587</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>104,038</td>
<td>108,106</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Iowa</td>
<td>668</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>824</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>652</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>705</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>276</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>289</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>49,757</td>
<td>56,799</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kansas</td>
<td>4,060</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2,042</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,570</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,304</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>154</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>145</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>75,723</td>
<td>75,630</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kentucky</td>
<td>1,146</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,282</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>225</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,693</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,279</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>279,033</td>
<td>291,742</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Louisiana</td>
<td>3,550</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4,011</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,509</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,843</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>331,613</td>
<td>399,995</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maine</td>
<td>278</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>239</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>23,805</td>
<td>25,934</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Maryland</td>
<td>2,012</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2,687</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>487</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>518</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>120,807</td>
<td>131,584</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Massachusetts</td>
<td>15,111</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>16,021</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>552</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>631</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>7,553</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>7,452</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>213,576</td>
<td>222,975</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Michigan</td>
<td>6,128</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5,667</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4,820</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5,779</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,273</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>10,676</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>483,944</td>
<td>488,734</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minnesota</td>
<td>9,768</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>13,223</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6,018</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>9,352</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>103,371</td>
<td>143,185</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Mississippi</td>
<td>1,136</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,041</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>368</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>356</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>196</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>281,971</td>
<td>272,409</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Missouri</td>
<td>2,168</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,506</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,532</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,774</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,004</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,032</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>165,056</td>
<td>205,622</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Montana</td>
<td>247</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>225</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>9,094</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>9,705</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>31,681</td>
<td>34,388</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nebraska</td>
<td>552</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>547</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,614</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2,014</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>39,923</td>
<td>42,355</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nevada</td>
<td>862</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,621</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>950</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,322</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>31,028</td>
<td>50,920</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Hampshire</td>
<td>184</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>183</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>15,039</td>
<td>14,394</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Jersey</td>
<td>3,539</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>5,130</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>337</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>361</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>366</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>262</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>148,256</td>
<td>194,100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Mexico</td>
<td>443</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>474</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>16,804</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>19,418</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>383</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>437</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>90,694</td>
<td>104,257</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New York</td>
<td>41,466</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>37,335</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,493</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,071</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>5,991</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>9,124</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>682,596</td>
<td>698,178</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>North Carolina</td>
<td>2,899</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,382</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>11,058</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>11,391</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2,677</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,811</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>290,715</td>
<td>312,635</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>North Dakota</td>
<td>179</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>208</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4,682</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>3,718</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>20,160</td>
<td>19,428</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ohio</td>
<td>2,170</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,812</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>454</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,498</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5,959</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>324,036</td>
<td>370,043</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oklahoma</td>
<td>1,215</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,540</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>40,755</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>45,777</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>564</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>288</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>191,924</td>
<td>214,912</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon</td>
<td>3,159</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3,235</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3,453</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3,292</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,266</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,024</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>103,835</td>
<td>105,874</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pennsylvania</td>
<td>7,002</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>7,466</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>304</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>300</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>8,798</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,480</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>332,154</td>
<td>346,870</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rhode Island</td>
<td>2,034</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>2,405</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>15,361</td>
<td>22,780</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>South Carolina</td>
<td>875</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>987</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>461</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>206,821</td>
<td>212,604</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>South Dakota</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>7,846</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>7,799</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>21,308</td>
<td>22,025</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tennessee</td>
<td>1,206</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,410</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>158</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>246</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>224,782</td>
<td>252,317</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Texas</td>
<td>21,312</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>25,492</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4,138</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>5,454</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,777,525</td>
<td>1,885,109</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Utah</td>
<td>2,586</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,150</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,316</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>3,518</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>54,505</td>
<td>63,266</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Vermont</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>15,952</td>
<td>17,241</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Virginia</td>
<td>1,705</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2,013</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>183</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>144</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>462</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>113,454</td>
<td>121,843</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Washington</td>
<td>11,322</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>12,947</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8,404</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>8,612</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>237</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>169,779</td>
<td>187,928</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West Virginia</td>
<td>179</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>231</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>82,695</td>
<td>92,551</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wisconsin</td>
<td>5,562</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>8,409</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,361</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3,774</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>162,899</td>
<td>161,315</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wyoming</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>868</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1,699</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>11,886</td>
<td>12,524</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Bureau of Indian Affairs</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>50,241</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>50,360</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>50,261</td>
<td>50,360</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>349,085</td>
<td>387,745</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h6 id="total">Total</h6></td>
<td><strong>390,901</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>433,532</strong></td>
<td><strong>3</strong></td>
<td><strong>269,734</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>288,178</strong></td>
<td><strong>2</strong></td>
<td><strong>130,357</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>113,224</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>12,325,784</strong></td>
<td><strong>13,409,115</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

> The number of participants shown in this table does not equal the
> figure reported in Table 5 because that table summarizes
> state--reported by--grade information. (The totals shown in Table 5
> are based on data reported in the by--grade section of the
> consolidated performance report.) In some states, the total number of
> participants reported by racial or ethnic classification differs from
> the total number reported by grade.

**Table 8**

**Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial or Ethnic
Classification,**

**1979--80 through 1998--99**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Year</td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Native American/</p>
<p>Asian/Other</p></td>
<td colspan="3">% of Total</td>
<td>Black, not Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>White, not Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>Total Racial/ Ethnic</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1979–80</td>
<td colspan="3">173,685</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,371,304</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>702,940</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>2,324,433</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>4,398,677</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1980–81</td>
<td colspan="3">186,120</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,299,725</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>859,108</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2,049,795</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>4,208,628</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1981–82</td>
<td colspan="3">131,789</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,002,116</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>582,408</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>1,699,030</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>3,283,554</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1982–83</td>
<td colspan="3">138,721</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,040,510</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>730,699</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>1,558,123</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>3,329,332</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1983–84</td>
<td colspan="3">188,138</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,122,407</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>924,517</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>1,747,691</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>3,794,615</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1984–85</td>
<td colspan="3">174,870</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,252,817</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>898,994</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>1,962,436</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>4,114,247</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1985–86</td>
<td colspan="3">192,984</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,319,907</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,106,902</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,089,988</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>4,516,797</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1986–87</td>
<td colspan="3">199,585</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,301,106</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,144,865</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,054,588</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>4,500,559</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1987–88</td>
<td colspan="3">226,491</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,367,197</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,231,874</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>2,121,428</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>4,720,499</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1988–89</td>
<td colspan="3">227,938</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,368,893</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,275,526</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,165,591</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>4,810,010</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1989–90</td>
<td colspan="3">244,177</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,445,326</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,359,025</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,162,953</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>4,967,304</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1990–91</td>
<td colspan="3">256,746</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,487,977</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,439,549</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>2,183,894</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>5,111,420</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1991–92</td>
<td colspan="3">288,353</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,590,927</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,608,146</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>2,316,446</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>5,515,519</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1992–93</td>
<td colspan="3">314,162</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,682,765</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,823,057</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>2,412,572</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>5,918,394</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1993–94</td>
<td colspan="3">300,640</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,705,518</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,923,354</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>2,464,649</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>6,093,521</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1994–95</td>
<td colspan="3">312,665</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,712,631</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,103,346</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>2,466,949</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>6,282,926</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1995–96+</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td rowspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td rowspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">Native Am/ Alaskan Native</td>
<td colspan="2">Asian/ Pacific Islander</td>
<td>Other</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>201,166</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>363,930</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>32,708</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,091,184</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>3,315,709</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>3,954,210</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>10,958,907</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>269,734</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>390,901</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>130,357</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,567,400</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>3,636,620</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>4,330,772</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>12,325,784</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1998–99</td>
<td>288,178</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>433,532</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>113,224</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,724,195</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>4,064,323</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>4,785,663</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>13,409,115</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the
1995--96 school year.

**Note:** The number of participants shown in this table does not equal
the figure reported in Table 5 because that table summarizes
state--reported by--grade information. (The totals shown in Table 5 are
based on data reported in the by--grade section of the consolidated
performance report.) In some states, the total number of participants
reported by racial or ethnic classification differs from the total
number reported by grade.

**Table 9**

**Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP)**

**Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State, 1997--98 and
1998--99**

  --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- -----------
                  **1997--98**                                 **1998--99**                     

  **State**       **Total Public   **Total         **Percent   **Total Public   **Total         **Percent
                  SWP + TAS        Students with   of Total**  SWP + TAS        Students with   of Total**
                  Participants**   Disabilities,               Participants**   Disabilities,   
                                   TAS + SWP**                                  TAS + SWP**     

  Alabama         260,428          33,114          13          264,989          29,779          11

  Alaska          19,268           3,505           18          25,432           2,953           12

  Arizona         251,377          23,100          9           234,145          21,029          9

  Arkansas        155,192          12,428          8           164,835          13,672          8

  California      2,053,675        137,804         7           2,152,488        149,266         7

  Colorado        74,492           6,971           9           89,129           8,394           9

  Connecticut     76,192           7,573           10          77,180           7,320           9

  Delaware        8,656            1,897           22          16,601           2,109           13

  District of     49,199           3,392           7           59,029           7,655           13
  Columbia                                                                                      

  Florida         611,908          132,045         22          715,367          85,548          12

  Georgia         329,685          17,903          5           387,244          22,671          6

  Hawaii          67,880           5,461           8           77,284           8,455           11

  Idaho           39,509           2,398           6           58,491           5,400           9

  Illinois        483,002          40,125          8           444,651          48,041          11

  Indiana         104,038          15,292          15          110,106          15,924          14

  Iowa            45,922           4,291           9           50,799           4,858           10

  Kansas          75,723           6,319           8           75,630           6,431           9

  Kentucky        279,033          38,459          14          291,742          43,455          15

  Louisiana       331,249          27,665          8           399,995          54,601          14

  Maine           23,636           2,187           9           25,934           2,038           8

  Maryland        120,807          8,434           7           131,581          6,040           5

  Massachusetts   212,915          34,276          16          218,643          36,207          17

  Michigan        470,492          55,025          12          489,580          36,509          7

  Minnesota       113,483          9,554           8           142,865          41,205          29

  Mississippi     281,971          22,340          8           269,981          17,718          7

  Missouri        161,526          13,906          9           193,077          12,615          7

  Montana         31,681           3,469           11          34,391           3,665           11

  Nebraska        39,923           5,238           13          42,355           5,770           14

  Nevada          31,028           3,279           11          50,920           5,689           11

  New Hampshire   14,571           1,427           10          14,552           1,413           10

  New Jersey      148,256          4,012           3           194,100          7,017           4

  New Mexico      90,694           8,547           9           104,205          11,786          11

  New York        682,596          47,303          7           698,178          52,740          8

  North Carolina  290,715          37,317          13          312,635          41,267          13

  North Dakota    19,754           2,989           15          19,009           3,049           16

  Ohio            324,036          13,344          4           361,793          12,292          3

  Oklahoma        192,919          18,649          10          214,626          25,573          12

  Oregon          103,835          14,411          14          105,874          15,064          14

  Pennsylvania    332,154          21,616          7           346,870          23,263          7

  Rhode Island    14,743           1,545           10          --               --              --

  South Carolina  206,860          31,630          15          212,864          34,842          16

  South Dakota    21,502           1,578           7           20,776           2,210           11

  Tennessee       224,581          33,892          15          252,317          38,000          15

  Texas           1,777,480        200,857         11          1,885,109        215,456         11

  Utah            54,505           6,576           12          63,266           6,347           10

  Vermont         16,447           724             4           16,361           1,965           12

  Virginia        112,903          9,900           9           121,153          10,033          8

  Washington      169,542          18,383          11          187,928          18,788          10

  West Virginia   82,865           10,514          13          92,551           14,479          16

  Wisconsin       162,930          13,524          8           158,273          14,112          9

  Wyoming         12,369           1,414           11          14,543           1,439           10

  Bureau of       50,241           7,923           16          50,360           7,973           16
  Indian Affairs                                                                                

  Puerto Rico     349,085          20,710          6           387,745          16,267          4

  **Total**       **12,259,473**   **1,206,235**   **10**      **13,129,552**   **1,280,392**   **10**
  --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- -----------

**Note:** The total number of students shown in this table is taken from
the by--grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the figures
for TAS and SWP are combined, as a small number of states were unable to
provide this information separately. For 1998--99, **Rhode Island** was
unable to provide information for this data item. Therefore, this table
does not include participants from this state in the calculation for
1998--99.

**Table 10**

**Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with Limited
English Proficiency (LEP), by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|              | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|              | 7--98** |         |      | 8--99** |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**    | **Total | **Total | *    | **Total | **Total | *    |
|              | Title I | Title I | *Per | Title I | Title I | *Per |
|              | P       | S       | cent | P       | S       | cent |
|              | articip | tudents | of   | articip | tudents | of   |
|              | ants+** | with    | Tot  | ants+** | with    | Tot  |
|              |         | LEP**   | al** |         | LEP**   | al** |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama      | 262,235 | 1,754   | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska       | 19,446  | 5,708   | 29   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona      | 256,286 | 77,613  | 30   | 236,081 | 56,170  | 24   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas     | 156,143 | 3,017   | 2    | 165,714 | 4,127   | 2    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California   | 2,      | 901,693 | 43   | 2,      | 1,      | 51   |
|              | 091,562 |         |      | 225,455 | 137,052 |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado     | 75,535  | 12,957  | 17   | 90,188  | 11,637  | 13   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut  | 79,276  | 10,368  | 13   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware     | --      | --      | --   | 18,184  | 457     | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of  | 52,605  | 4,458   | 8    | 60,221  | 4,548   | 8    |
| Columbia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida      | 616,848 | 74,673  | 12   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia      | 331,140 | 16,485  | 5    | 389,090 | 10,241  | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii       | 68,001  | 6,448   | 9    | 77,486  | 6,719   | 9    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho        | 40,154  | 3,966   | 10   | 59,027  | 5,761   | 10   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois     | 495,487 | 55,590  | 11   | 457,431 | 50,326  | 11   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana      | 107,997 | 2,210   | 2    | 114,287 | 3,358   | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa         | 49,084  | 1,988   | 4    | 54,742  | 2,057   | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas       | 79,675  | 13,796  | 17   | 79,430  | 11,926  | 15   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky     | 281,445 | 1,425   | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana    | 342,401 | 2,925   | 1    | 407,614 | 2,249   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine        | 23,805  | 229     | 1    | 26,097  | 134     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland     | 122,772 | 3,909   | 3    | 133,720 | 4,798   | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| M            | 223,532 | 38,604  | 17   | 224,485 | 42,993  | 19   |
| assachusetts |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan     | 476,604 | 24,956  | 5    | 498,073 | 24,956  | 5    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota    | 119,492 | 12,154  | 10   | 147,269 | 17,298  | 12   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi  | 284,544 | 898     | \*   | 272,076 | 333     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri     | 167,807 | 1,435   | 1    | 196,852 | 2,429   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana      | 32,532  | 3,281   | 10   | 35,418  | 4,892   | 14   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska     | 42,745  | 1,890   | 4    | 45,671  | 3,076   | 7    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada       | 32,507  | 9,253   | 28   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New          | 14,781  | 258     | 2    | --      | --      | --   |
| Hampshire    |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey   | 156,831 | 15,068  | 10   | 202,218 | 18,186  | 9    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico   | 95,840  | 32,652  | 34   | 107,330 | 35,113  | 33   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York     | 719,822 | 91,530  | 13   | 736,520 | 83,944  | 11   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North        | 291,133 | 10,253  | 4    | 313,519 | 12,453  | 4    |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota | 20,274  | 734     | 4    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio         | 334,555 | 4,793   | 1    | 371,289 | 555     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma     | 194,019 | 8,444   | 4    | 215,624 | 17,446  | 8    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon       | 104,759 | 12,883  | 12   | 106,925 | 12,107  | 11   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania | 358,396 | 11,720  | 3    | 374,002 | 12,518  | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island | 16,275  | 3,588   | 22   | 23,730  | 4,394   | 19   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South        | 207,675 | 1,407   | 1    | 214,287 | 1,710   | 1    |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota | 21,901  | 1,596   | 7    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee    | 231,925 | 2,670   | 1    | 258,834 | 3,625   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas        | 1,      | 418,759 | 23   | 1,      | 432,652 | 23   |
|              | 791,323 |         |      | 898,326 |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah         | 54,628  | 10,039  | 18   | 63,376  | 10,708  | 17   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont      | 16,748  | 212     | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia     | 115,610 | 2,831   | 2    | 124,391 | 975     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington   | 171,273 | 2,270   | 1    | 191,657 | 30,022  | 16   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West         | 83,534  | 36      | \*   | 93,016  | 638     | 1    |
| Virginia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin    | 167,602 | 8,826   | 5    | 161,332 | 9,343   | 6    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming      | 12,541  | 1,316   | 10   | 14,638  | 1,610   | 11   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of    | 50,241  | 26,729  | 53   | --      | --      | --   |
| Indian       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico  | 366,281 | 113,621 | 31   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| ###### Tota  | **12,52 | **2,07  | **   | **11,48 | **2,09  | **   |
| l {#total-1} | 9,627** | 5,918** | 17** | 4,029** | 5,536** | 18** |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ The Total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures
reported for TAS, SWP, Nonpublic, and Local N or D combined.

**Notes**: For 1997--98, one state **(Delaware)** was unable to provide
information for this data item. This figure increased to 12 states
(**Alabama**, **Alaska**, **Connecticut**, **Florida**, **Kentucky**,
**Nevada**, **New Hampshire**, **North Dakota**, **South Dakota**,
**Vermont**, **BIA**, and **Puerto Rico**) for 1998--99. Therefore this
table does not include participants from these states in the
calculations for those years. In some states, the counts of limited
English proficient students may include Nonpublic and Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D) students.

**Table 11**

**Number and Percentage of Homeless Children Participating in Title I,
by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  --------------- ----------------- ------------- ----------- ----------------- ------------- -----------
                  **1997--98**                                **1998--99**                    

  **State**       **Total Title I   **Number of   **Percent   **Total Title I   **Number of   **Percent
                  Participants+**   Homeless      of Total**  Participants+**   Homeless      of Total**
                                    Children**                                  Children**    

  Alabama         262,235           3,425         1           265,708           7,400         3

  Alaska          19,446            1,345         7           --                --            --

  Arizona         256,286           518           \*          236,081           10,709        5

  Arkansas        156,143           1,877         1           165,714           5,719         3

  California      2,091,562         19,809        1           --                --            --

  Colorado        75,535            1,127         1           90,188            1,243         1

  Connecticut     79,276            1,096         1           --                --            --

  Delaware        8,656             19            \*          18,184            401           2

  District of     52,605            192           \*          60,221            227           \*
  Columbia                                                                                    

  Florida         616,848           4,587         1           718,367           15,022        2

  Georgia         331,140           592           \*          389,090           990           \*

  Hawaii          68,001            374           1           77,486            369           \*

  Idaho           40,154            949           2           59,027            1,200         2

  Illinois        --                --            --          457,431           4,996         1

  Indiana         107,997           438           \*          114,287           391           \*

  Iowa            49,084            509           1           54,742            691           1

  Kansas          79,675            710           1           79,430            1,324         2

  Kentucky        281,445           2,916         1           293,440           7,270         2

  Louisiana       342,401           9,914         3           407,614           12,050        3

  Maine           23,805            52            \*          --                --            --

  Maryland        122,772           922           1           133,720           979           1

  Massachusetts   223,532           1,518         1           224,485           1,151         1

  Michigan        476,604           2,818         1           498,073           2,697         1

  Minnesota       119,492           8,258         7           147,269           8,095         5

  Mississippi     284,544           3,553         1           272,076           1,678         1

  Missouri        167,807           490           \*          196,852           529           \*

  Montana         32,532            150           \*          35,418            174           \*

  Nebraska        42,745            1,872         4           45,671            1,092         2

  Nevada          32,507            1,556         5           51,044            1,949         4

  New Hampshire   14,781            54            \*          --                --            --

  New Jersey      156,831           684           \*          202,218           666           \*

  New Mexico      95,840            1,315         1           107,330           2,594         2

  New York        719,822           477           \*          736,520           377           \*

  North Carolina  291,133           301           \*          313,519           323           \*

  North Dakota    20,274            56            \*          --                --            --

  Ohio            334,555           103           \*          371,289           9,747         3

  Oklahoma        194,019           336           \*          215,624           1,141         1

  Oregon          104,759           5,265         5           106,925           5,283         5

  Pennsylvania    358,396           2,381         1           370,580           3,105         1

  Rhode Island    16,275            76            \*          --                --            --

  South Carolina  207,675           835           \*          214,287           402           \*

  South Dakota    21,901            207           1           21,434            487           2

  Tennessee       231,925           894           \*          258,834           101           \*

  Texas           1,791,323         7,303         \*          1,898,326         8,508         \*

  Utah            54,628            2,130         4           63,376            3,018         5

  Vermont         16,748            26            \*          --                --            --

  Virginia        115,610           317           \*          124,391           277           \*

  Washington      171,273           1,081         1           191,657           1,561         1

  West Virginia   83,534            145           \*          --                --            --

  Wisconsin       167,602           526           \*          161,332           591           \*

  Wyoming         12,541            25            \*          14,638            221           2

  Bureau of       50,241            353           1           50,360            501           1
  Indian Affairs                                                                              

  Puerto Rico     366,281           6,422         2           --                --            --

  **Total**       **12,042,796**    **102,898**   **1**       **10,516,084**    **127,249**   **1**
  --------------- ----------------- ------------- ----------- ----------------- ------------- -----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ The Total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures
reported for TAS, SWP, Nonpublic, and Local N or D combined.

**Notes:** The total number of children shown is taken from the
by--grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the figures
include Targeted Assistance (TAS), Schoolwide (SWP), Nonpublic and Local
Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) students, as Homeless participants are
not just TAS and SWP. The totals shown here do not reflect data from all
states. In 1997--98, **Illinois** was unable to provide information for
this data item and 10 states (**Alaska, California, Connecticut,**
**Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Rhode Island,
Vermont, West Virginia**, and **Puerto Rico**) were unable to provide
this information for 1998--99.

**Table 12**

**Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP)**

**Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State, 1997--98 and
1998--99**

+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|               | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|               | 7--98** |         |      | 8--99** |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**     | **Total | *       | *    | **Total | *       | *    |
|               | Public  | *Number | *Per | Public  | *Number | *Per |
|               | Partici | of**    | cent | Partici | of**    | cent |
|               | pants** |         | of   | pants** |         | of   |
|               |         | **Mi    | Tot  |         | **Mi    | Tot  |
|               |         | grant** | al** |         | grant** | al** |
|               |         |         |      |         |         |      |
|               |         | **stu   |      |         | **stu   |      |
|               |         | dents** |      |         | dents** |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama       | 260,428 | 3,647   | 1    | 264,989 | 6,221   | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska        | 19,268  | 4,758   | 25   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona       | 251,377 | 8,708   | 3    | 234,145 | 7,566   | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas      | 155,192 | 3,332   | 2    | 164,835 | 3,346   | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California    | 2,      | 79,900  | 4    | 2,      | 203,841 | 9    |
|               | 053,675 |         |      | 152,488 |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado      | 74,492  | 1,654   | 2    | 89,129  | 2,306   | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut   | 76,192  | 1,813   | 2    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware      | --      | --      | --   | 16,601  | 118     | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of   | 49,199  | 417     | 1    | 59,029  | 734     | 1    |
| Columbia      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida       | 611,908 | 25,322  | 4    | 715,367 | 32,005  | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia       | 329,685 | 1,443   | \*   | 387,244 | 3,472   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii        | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho         | 39,509  | 4,186   | 11   | 58,491  | 6,367   | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois      | 483,002 | 12,481  | 3    | 444,651 | 7,357   | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana       | 104,038 | 680     | 1    | 110,106 | 824     | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa          | 45,922  | 497     | 1    | 50,799  | 493     | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas        | 75,723  | 5,139   | 7    | 75,630  | 5,743   | 8    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky      | 279,033 | 9,651   | 3    | 291,742 | 9,758   | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana     | 331,249 | 3,780   | 1    | 399,995 | 3,779   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine         | 23,636  | 1,237   | 5    | 25,934  | 2,905   | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland      | 120,807 | 81      | \*   | 131,581 | 13      | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Massachusetts | 212,915 | 1,184   | 1    | 218,643 | 641     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan      | 470,492 | 3,975   | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota     | 113,483 | 449     | \*   | 142,865 | 2,122   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi   | 281,971 | 1,012   | \*   | 269,981 | 1,377   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri      | 161,526 | 1,298   | 1    | 193,077 | 1,931   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana       | 31,681  | 91      | \*   | 34,391  | 60      | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska      | 39,923  | 1,326   | 3    | 42,355  | 1,351   | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada        | 31,028  | 296     | 1    | 50,920  | 363     | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Hampshire | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey    | 148,256 | 281     | \*   | 194,100 | 418     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico    | 90,694  | 1,229   | 1    | 104,205 | 1,666   | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York      | 682,596 | 527     | \*   | 698,178 | 377     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North         | 290,715 | 5,002   | 2    | 312,635 | 5,126   | 2    |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota  | 19,754  | 78      | \*   | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio          | 324,036 | 2,945   | 1    | 361,793 | 4,296   | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 192,919 | 1,366   | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon        | 103,835 | 8,785   | 8    | 105,874 | 7,159   | 7    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 332,154 | 1,114   | \*   | --      |         | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 14,743  | 90      | 1    | 22,243  | 176     | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South         | 206,860 | 478     | \*   | 212,864 | 721     | \*   |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota  | 21,502  | 101     | \*   | 20,776  | 378     | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee     | 224,581 | 164     | \*   | 252,317 | 166     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas         | 1,      | 60,973  | 3    | 1,      | 65,151  | 3    |
|               | 777,480 |         |      | 885,109 |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah          | 54,505  | 1,099   | 2    | 63,266  | 978     | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont       | 16,447  | 154     | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia      | 112,903 | 160     | \*   | 121,153 | 188     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington    | 169,542 | 7,564   | 4    | 187,928 | 18,342  | 10   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West Virginia | 82,865  | 10      | \*   | 92,551  | 42      | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 162,930 | 188     | \*   | 158,273 | 372     | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming       | 12,369  | 28      | \*   | 14,543  | 48      | \*   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of     | --      | --      | --   | --      | --      | --   |
| Indian        |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 349,085 | 16,452  | 5    | --      | --      | --   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**     | **12,11 | **28    | *    | **11,43 | **41    | *    |
|               | 8,125** | 7,145** | *3** | 2,796** | 0,297** | *4** |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** The total number of children shown in this table is taken
from the by--grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the
figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a number of states were unable
to provide this information separately. The totals shown here do not
reflect data from all states. In 1997--98, **Delaware, Hawaii, New
Hampshire,** and the **Bureau of Indian Affairs** to provide data for
this item. **Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, Kentucky, Michigan, New
Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Bureau of
Indian Affairs**, and **Puerto Rico** were unable to provide this
information for 1998--99. For both years, the total number of public
participants shown on this table does not include public participants
from these states.

**Table 13**

**Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) Title I Participants, by
Service Area**

**1997--98 and 1998--99**

  ---------------------------- -------------- --- -------------- -------------- --- --------------
                               **1997--98**                      **1998--99**       

                               Number             Percent of all Number             Percent of all
                                                  Public TAS                        Public TAS
                                                  Title I                           Title I
                                                  Participants                      Participants
                                                  Served                            Served

  **Instructional Services**                                                        

  Reading/Language Arts        2,586,850          81             3,249,861          89

  Mathematics                  1,629,168          51             1,588,402          43

  Science                      153,049            5              242,974            7

  Social Studies               120,963            4              193,047            5

  Other Instructional          276,655            9              199,524            5
  Services\*                                                                        

  **Total Instructional        4,766,685                         5,473,808          
  Services (Duplicated                                                              
  Count)**                                                                          

                                                                                    

  **Supporting Services**                                                           

  Guidance/Counseling/Social   487,808            15             132,876            4
  Work                                                                              

  Health/Dental                298,374            9              286,181            8

  Other Supporting             181,412            6              121,151            3
  Services\*\*                                                                      

  **Total Supporting Services  967,594                           540,208            
  (Duplicated Count)**                                                              

                                                                                    

  **Unduplicated Public TAS    3,199,157                         3,658,093          
  Participant Count**                                                               
  ---------------------------- -------------- --- -------------- -------------- --- --------------

\* Other instructional services include preschool/early childhood,
tutoring, basic skills, readiness, English as a Second Language
(ESL)/bilingual, arts/recreational/living, practical living, technology,
and Spanish, among others.

\*\* Other supporting services include transportation, nutrition, speech
therapy, clothing, media, field trips, home visits, job preparation,
physical education, and nurse, among others.

**Table 14**

**Number and Percentage of LEAs Providing Family Literacy Services, by
State,**

**1997--98 and 1998--99**

+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|              | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|              | 7--98** |         |      | 8--99** |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**    | **Total | *       | *    | **Total | *       | *    |
|              | Number  | *Number | *Per | Number  | *Number | *Per |
|              | of      | of**    | cent | of      | of**    | cent |
|              | Title I |         | of   | Title I |         | of   |
|              | LEAs**  | **LEAs  | Tot  | LEAs**  | **LEAs  | Tot  |
|              |         | Prov    | al** |         | Prov    | al** |
|              |         | iding** |      |         | iding** |      |
|              |         |         |      |         |         |      |
|              |         | *       |      |         | *       |      |
|              |         | *Family |      |         | *Family |      |
|              |         | Lit     |      |         | Lit     |      |
|              |         | eracy** |      |         | eracy** |      |
|              |         |         |      |         |         |      |
|              |         | **Ser   |      |         | **Ser   |      |
|              |         | vices** |      |         | vices** |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama      | 127     | 15      | 12   | 128     | 15      | 12   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska       | 50      | 9       | 18   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona      | 261     | 40      | 15   | 294     | 110     | 37   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas     | 312     | 26      | 8    | 304     | 31      | 10   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California   | 744     | 67      | 9    |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado     | 167     | 17      | 10   | 166     | 18      | 11   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut  | 122     | 5       | 4    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware     | 22      | 0       | 0    | 22      | 0       | 0    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of  | 1       | 1       | 100  | 1       | 1       | 100  |
| Columbia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida      | 67      | 30      | 45   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia      | 180     | 6       | 3    | 180     | 7       | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii       | 1       | 1       | 100  | 1       | 1       | 100  |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho        | 108     | 24      | 22   | 110     | 38      | 35   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois     | 808     | 289     | 36   | 752     | 272     | 36   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana      | 285     | 11      | 4    | 285     | 11      | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa         | 377     | 22      | 6    | 375     | 14      | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas       | 302     | 32      | 11   | 302     | 38      | 13   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky     | 174     | 66      | 38   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana    | 66      | 36      | 55   | 66      | 6       | 9    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine        | 189     | 1       | 1    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland     | 24      | 7       | 29   | 24      | 24      | 100  |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| M            | 267     | 47      | 18   | 267     | 45      | 17   |
| assachusetts |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan     | 525     | 161     | 31   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota    | 350     | 9       | 3    | 336     | 9       | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi  | 152     | 14      | 9    | 152     | 45      | 30   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri     | 520     | 7       | 1    | 504     | 0       | 0    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana      | 306     | 15      | 5    | 307     | 16      | 5    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska     | 307     | 1       | \*   | 304     | 2       | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada       | 17      | 4       | 24   | 19      | 5       | 26   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New          | 130     | 51      | 39   | --      | --      | --   |
| Hampshire    |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey   | 460     | 6       | 1    | 477     | 9       | 2    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico   | 88      | 15      | 17   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York     | 650     | 45      | 7    | 650     | 45      | 7    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North        | 117     | 146     | 125  | 117     | 27      | 23   |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota | 204     | 6       | 3    | 202     | 0       | 0    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio         | 590     | 14      | 2    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma     | 534     | 9       | 2    | 542     | 2       | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon       | 170     | 40      | 24   | 169     | 34      | 20   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania | 486     | 13      | 3    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island | 36      | 10      | 28   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South        | 86      | 27      | 31   | 86      | 44      | 51   |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota | 176     | 0       | 0    | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee    | 138     | 9       | 7    | 138     | 8       | 6    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas        | 1,004   | 137     | 14   | 1,031   | 175     | 17   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah         | 40      | 9       | 23   | 40      | 64      | 160  |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont      | 59      | 67      | 114  | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia     | 132     | 30      | 23   | 132     | 41      | 31   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington   | 276     | 30      | 11   | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West         | 55      | 21      | 38   | 55      | 14      | 25   |
| Virginia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin    | 388     | 12      | 3    | 388     | 20      | 5    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming      | 136     | 66      | 49   | 144     | 67      | 47   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of    | 173     | 92      | 53   | 173     | 102     | 59   |
| Indian       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico  | 1       | 1       | 100  | --      | --      | --   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**    | **1     | **      | **   | **      | **      | **   |
|              | 2,960** | 1,819** | 14** | 9,243** | 1,360** | 15** |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: Fifteen states (**Alaska, California, Connecticut, Florida,
Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont,** and
**Washington**), and **Puerto Rico** were unable to provide this
information for 1998--99.

**Table 15**

**Number of Extended--Time Instructional Programs in Operation,**

**by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  ------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
  **State**                 **1997--98**           **1998--99**

  Alabama                   154                    59

  Alaska                    182                    34

  Arizona                   399                    367

  Arkansas                  159                    171

  California                --                     --

  Colorado                  142                    182

  Connecticut               65                     --

  Delaware                  --                     7

  District of Columbia      5                      139

  Florida                   94                     --

  Georgia                   178                    140

  Hawaii                    6                      20

  Idaho                     123                    119

  Illinois                  385                    630

  Indiana                   521                    373

  Iowa                      167                    1

  Kansas                    248                    89

  Kentucky                  107                    61

  Louisiana                 3                      274

  Maine                     149                    42

  Maryland                  151                    23

  Massachusetts             741                    314

  Michigan                  1,323                  301

  Minnesota                 505                    265

  Mississippi               279                    151

  Missouri                  244                    231

  Montana                   168                    145

  Nebraska                  35                     0

  Nevada                    33                     29

  New Hampshire             141                    71

  New Jersey                168                    226

  New Mexico                76                     82

  New York                  1,891                  694

  North Carolina            128                    120

  North Dakota              64                     34

  Ohio                      421                    483

  Oklahoma                  370                    297

  Oregon                    280                    95

  Pennsylvania              641                    391

  Rhode Island              19                     --

  South Carolina            187                    53

  South Dakota              95                     82

  Tennessee                 329                    390

  Texas                     2,565                  1,461

  Utah                      88                     213

  Vermont                   67                     85

  Virginia                  396                    313

  Washington                52                     --

  West Virginia             414                    414

  Wisconsin                 285                    70

  Wyoming                   116                    75

  Bureau of Indian Affairs  153                    156

  Puerto Rico               224                    --

  **Total**                 **15,736**             **9,972**
  ------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

**Note:** The total shown here does not reflect data from all states. In
1997--98 two states **(California** and **Delaware)** were unable to
provide information for this data item. This figure increased to five
states (**California, Connecticut, Florida, Rhode Island,** and
**Washington**) and **Puerto Rico** in 1998--99.

**Table 16**

**Title I--Funded Full--Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State, 1997--98
and 1998--99**

  --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ----------
                  **Data                        **Teachers**                             **Teacher                     
                  includes                                                               Aides**                       
                  information                                                                                          
                  for:**                                                                                               

  **State**       **1997--98**   **1998--99**   **1997--98**   **1998--99**   **%        **1997--98**   **1998--99**   **%
                                                                              Change**                                 Change**

  Alabama         TAS            TAS            1,233          443            -64        463            505            9

  Alaska          TAS            TAS            35             48             39         184            137            -26

  Arizona         TAS            TAS            394            631            60         650            1,028          58

  Arkansas        TAS/SWP        TAS            475            460            -3         857            768            -10
                  Combined                                                                                             

  California      TAS            TAS            8,615          1,719          -80        12,786         2,027          -84

  Colorado        TAS/SWP        TAS            1,186          1,097          -7         611            458            -25
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Connecticut     TAS            TAS            362            348            -4         360            321            -11

  Delaware        TAS            TAS            126            96             -24        179            197            10

  District of     TAS/SWP        TAS            15             18             17         39             78             99
  Columbia        Combined                                                                                             

  Florida         TAS            TAS            1,304          297            -77        1,269          384            -70

  Georgia         TAS/SWP        TAS            2,477          326            -87        1,299          179            -86
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Hawaii          TAS            TAS            75             37             -50        44             14             -69

  Idaho           TAS            TAS            233            220            -5         467            390            -17

  Illinois        TAS            TAS            5,667          3,504          -38        1,612          1,401          -13

  Indiana         TAS/SWP        TAS            990            1,053          6          2,309          2,204          -5
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Iowa            TAS/SWP        TAS            1,079          1,005          -7         152            150            -1
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Kansas          TAS/SWP        TAS            1,710          582            -66        696            392            -44
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Kentucky        TAS            TAS            496            343            -31        718            577            -20

  Louisiana       TAS            TAS            428            568            33         725            545            -25

  Maine           TAS            TAS            286            333            17         645            744            15

  Maryland        TAS/SWP        TAS            677            694            3          893            983            10
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Massachusetts   TAS/SWP        TAS            792            968            22         405            410            1
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Michigan        TAS            TAS            1,250          1,344          8          2,949          3,280          11

  Minnesota       TAS/SWP        TAS            969            906            -6         1,839          1,776          -3
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Mississippi     TAS            TAS            238            498            110        291            506            74

  Missouri        TAS            TAS            2,199          1,856          -16        1,049          812            -23

  Montana         TAS            TAS            425            354            -17        296            378            28

  Nebraska        TAS            TAS            374            356            -5         189            179            -5

  Nevada          TAS/SWP        TAS            84             27             -68        72             25             -66
                  Combined                                                                                             

  New Hampshire   TAS            TAS            236            194            -18        291            225            -23

  New Jersey      TAS            TAS            2,524          2,106          -17        1,007          572            -43

  New Mexico      TAS            TAS            443            353            -20        545            366            -33

  New York        TAS            TAS            4,227          3,229          -24        2,734          468            -83

  North Carolina  TAS            TAS            958            715            -25        441            373            -15

  North Dakota    TAS/SWP        TAS            342            318            -7         307            274            -11
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Ohio            TAS/SWP        TAS            4,247          3,755          -12        1,210          681            -44
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Oklahoma        TAS            TAS            1,063          840            -21        510            291            -43

  Oregon          TAS            TAS            416            402            -3         696            722            4

  Pennsylvania    TAS/SWP        TAS            2,567          2,322          -10        1,082          1,167          8
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Rhode Island    TAS/SWP        TAS            145            141            -3         383            394            3
                  Combined                                                                                             

  South Carolina  TAS/SWP        TAS            141            131            -7         110            110            1
                  Combined                                                                                             

  South Dakota    TAS            TAS            289            284            -2         206            201            -2

  Tennessee       TAS/SWP        TAS            604            534            -12        574            563            -2
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Texas           TAS            TAS            1,220          766            -37        928            712            -23

  Utah            TAS/SWP        TAS            169            204            21         927            765            -17
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Vermont         TAS            TAS            234            236            1          195            184            -6

  Virginia        TAS            TAS            1,251          1,287          3          673            587            -13

  Washington      TAS            TAS            654            597            -9         25             860            3354

  West Virginia   TAS            TAS            432            374            -14        95             62             -35

  Wisconsin       TAS            TAS            1,025          1,021          \*         488            421            -14

  Wyoming         TAS            TAS            153            151            -2         192            167            -13

  Bureau of       TAS            TAS            --             --             --         --             --             --
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                       

  Puerto Rico     TAS            TAS            3,403          1,972          -42        92             71             -23

  **Total**                                     **60,935**     **42,062**     **-31**    **47,757**     **31,086**     **--35**
  --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ----------

**Table 16 (continued)**

**Title I--Funded Full--Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State, 1997--98
and 1998--99**

  --------------- -------------------- ----- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------
                  **Administrators**                                   **Support                                **Other                                  **Total**      
                                                                       Staff**                                  Staff**                                                 

  **State**       **1997--98**               **1998--99**   **%        **1997--98**   **1998--99**   **%        **1997--98**   **1998--99**   **%        **1997--98**   **1998--99**
                                                            Change**                                 Change**                                 Change**                  

  Alabama         41                         44             6          50             91             80         30             25             -15        1,817          1,108

  Alaska          5                          0              -100       7              11             49         4              4              11         235            200

  Arizona         25                         46             85         60             273            354        27             26             -2         1,156          2,005

  Arkansas        41                         45             10         31             35             14         83             50             -40        1,487          1,358

  California      766                        279            -64        2,562          685            -73        2,034          788            -61        26,763         5,497

  Colorado        35                         27             -23        23             31             34         67             72             8          1,921          1,685

  Connecticut     13                         19             48         15             20             39         27             104            281        776            811

  Delaware        11                         11             4          9              10             21         7              11             53         331            325

  District of     0                          0              0          1              3              200        2              11             450        57             110
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                              

  Florida         55                         15             -73        161            16             -90        162            66             -59        2,951          778

  Georgia         125                        19             -85        245            58             -76        166            --             -100       4,312          582

  Hawaii          0                          0              0          0              0              0          2              0              -100       121            51

  Idaho           25                         14             -44        24             16             -31        13             11             -17        762            651

  Illinois        391                        234            -40        635            121            -81        250            370            48         8,554          5,631

  Indiana         72                         86             20         260            356            37         143                           -100       3,774          3,699

  Iowa            0                          0              0          39             30             -22        0              0              0          1,270          1,186

  Kansas          55                         20             -63        69             9              -87        2              9              309        2,531          1,012

  Kentucky        --                         12             --         20             23             18         21             11             -50        1,254          966

  Louisiana       52                         61             17         65             78             20         179            12             -93        1,450          1,264

  Maine           18                         17             -2         23             13             -46        0              5              --         972            1,113

  Maryland        48                         19             -60        239            165            -31        225            196            -13        2,082          2,057

  Massachusetts   58                         45             -23        88             95             7          94             78             -18        1,438          1,596

  Michigan        115                        116            1          246            190            -23        148            67             -55        4,708          4,997

  Minnesota       42                         37             -2         389            46             -88                       145                       3,240          2,910

  Mississippi     17                         41             138        29             310            972        22             37             64         597            1,392

  Missouri        51                         54             6          65             62             -5         5              7              44         3,369          2,792

  Montana         16                         15             -4         30             19             -34        19             8              -57        785            775

  Nebraska        14                         14             -1         13             25             87         15                            -100       605            573

  Nevada          1                          1              25         0              0              0          1              0              -85        158            53

  New Hampshire   23                         34             51         17             29             73         40             17             -57        606            499

  New Jersey      77                         65             -15        129            59             -54        91             47             -49        3,828          2,849

  New Mexico      21                         26             22         56             67             20         25             1              -96        1,090          814

  New York        152                        105            -31        259            178            -31        289            2,291          692        7,661          6,270

  North Carolina  47                         25             -47        43             33             -25        50             27             -46        1,539          1,173

  North Dakota    35                         19             -46        0              9              --         0              0              0          684            620

  Ohio            117                        101            -14        148            125            -15        111            203            82         5,834          4,865

  Oklahoma        81                         56             -31        91             36             -61        22             66             202        1,767          1,288

  Oregon          24                         18             -24        1,703          48             -97        21             19             -7         2,860          1,211

  Pennsylvania    104                        110            6          134            118            -12        266            50             -81        4,153          3,767

  Rhode Island    6                          10             65         7              10             33         25             17             -31        566            573

  South Carolina  14                         29             112        6              25             332        10             7              -32        280            301

  South Dakota    2                          19             889        19             15             -25        0              0              0          516            519

  Tennessee       94                         40             -58        85             4              -95        256            66             -74        1,612          1,207

  Texas           26                         23             -13        53             45             -16        77             0              --         2,304          1,544

  Utah            22                         22             -2         34             30             -12        146            124            -15        1,298          1,145

  Vermont         12                         14             17         7              9              25         8              1              -87        457            444

  Virginia        70                         98             40         49             39             -21        91             133            46         2,133          2,143

  Washington      29                         34             17         876            27             -97        38             0              --         1,622          1,518

  West Virginia   25                         18             -30        19             12             -36        22             16             -24        593            482

  Wisconsin       25                         45             80         32             25             -22        38             50             31         1,607          1,562

  Wyoming         16                         18             15         14             2              -85        6              7              27         380            345

  Bureau of                            --    --             --         --             --             --         --             --             --         --             --
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                        

  Puerto Rico     41                         49             20         441            298            -32        3              378            12,500     3,980          2,768

  **Total**       **3,153**                  **2,267**      **-28**    **9,619**      **4,031**      **-58**    **5,383**      **5,633**      **5**      **126,847**    **85,080**
  --------------- -------------------- ----- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------

\* Less than 0.5%

The figures in the total column include the FTE staff reported by the
states in all 5 staffing categories: Teachers, Teacher Aides,
Administrators, Support Staff, and Other.

**Note:** Other staff include clerical, parent coordinator/liaisons, bus
drivers, truant officers, health coordinators, and secretaries. The
totals shown here for 1996--97 do not reflect data from all states.
**Bureau of Indian Affairs** does not have any TAS participants.

**Table 17**

**Title I Full--Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides,**

**1979--80 through 1998--99**

  -------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------
                 **Teachers**               **Teacher                
                                            Aides**                  

  **Year**       **Number**     **Percent   **Number**   **Percent   **Number of
                                of Total                 of Total    Total
                                Staff**                  Staff**     Staff**

  1979--80       77,782         40          86,826       45          194,403

  1980--81       80,078         43          80,938       44          185,925

  1981--82       74,786         45          67,536       40          167,748

  1982--83       68,590         46          58,093       39          149,220

  1983--84       68,627         46          57,479       38          150,277

  1984--85       72,797         46          61,380       39          158,967

  1985--86       69,014         45          59,058       39          151,936

  1986--87       64,143         46          55,530       39          140,691

  1987--88       65,668         46          56,078       39          143,675

  1988--89       68,149         45          60,544       40          150,816

  1989--90       68,554         46          61,282       41          149,275

  1990--91       71,109         45          65,232       41          158,270

  1991--92       77,344         45          69,806       41          171,830

  1992--93       82,294         45          74,342       41          182,496

  1993--94       85,565         45          77,811       40          192,165

  1994--95       85,288         45          77,811       41          189,528

  1995--96+                                                          

                                                                     

  1996--97\*\*   61,253         46          52,715       40          133,148

  1997--98       60,935         48          47,757       38          126,847

  1998--99       42,062         49          31,086       37          85,080
  -------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the
1995--96 school year.

\*\* Starting with this reporting year, states were asked to report
information for only Targeted Assistance (TAS) schools. In 1996--97, the
information submitted by the states was nearly equally divided between
those states which submitted information for TAS schools only and those
which submitted information for TAS and Schoolwide (SWP) combined. By
the 1998--99 reporting year, all states indicated that the reported data
was for TAS schools only.

**Table 18**

**Number of State Agency Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult Correctional**

**Title I Participants, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

  --------------- --------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- -------------- --------------
                  **Neglected**                                    **Delinquent**                                    **Adult                                           **Total**      
                                                                                                                     Correctional**                                                   

  **State**       **1997--98**    **%**    **1998--99**   **%**    **1997--98**     **%**    **1998--99**   **%**    **1997--98**     **%**    **1998--99**   **%**    **1997--98**   **1998--99**

  Alabama         0               0        814            33       3,130            80       1,633          67       762              20       0              0        3,892          2,447

  Alaska          0               0        0              0        316              100      316            100      0                0        0              0        316            316

  Arizona         949             24       663            11       2,419            62       4,777          82       507              13       369            6        3,875          5,809

  Arkansas        0               0        0              0        128              16       148            21       686              84       550            79       814            698

  California      37,673          37       30,481         88       62,213           62       0              0        926              1        4,100          12       100,812        34,581

  Colorado        0               0        0              0        275              67       432            100      138              33       0              0        413            432

  Connecticut     134             7        127            6        615              33       601            30       1,115            60       1,295          64       1,864          2,023

  Delaware        0               0        0              0        84               40       207            100      127              60       0              0        211            207

  District of     225             15       101            5        274              19       793            42       974              66       974            52       1,473          1,868
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                                            

  Florida         0               0        6,199          26       424              13       13,567         58       2,915            87       3,638          16       3,339          23,404

  Georgia         0               0        0              0        5,009            88       5,009          77       690              12       1,510          23       5,699          6,519

  Hawaii          0               0        0              0        219              68       147            60       103              32       98             40       322            245

  Idaho           255             35       239            31       410              56       432            57       66               9        90             12       731            761

  Illinois        2,406           44       2,498          43       1,963            36       2,081          36       1,101            20       1,179          20       5,470          5,758

  Indiana         162             12       232            16       1,222            88       1,202          84       0                0        0              0        1,384          1,434

  Iowa            0               0        2,064          16       152              35       10,348         80       284              65       468            4        436            12,880

  Kansas          432             28       173            13       988              65       1,106          81       103              7        83             6        1,523          1,362

  Kentucky        109             11       0              0        285              30       3,277          88       572              59       464            12       966            3,741

  Louisiana       44              3        42             3        1,726            93       1,535          87       91               5        183            5        1,861          1,760

  Maine           0               0        0              0        476              92       450            90       40               8        50             10       516            500

  Maryland        567             15       707            22       1,920            51       587            18       1,312            35       1,943          60       3,799          3,237

  Massachusetts   1,272           43       1,279          50       1,297            44       1,043          41       393              13       243            9        2,962          2,565

  Michigan        0               0        0              0        915              79       828            86       250              21       130            14       1,165          958

  Minnesota       0               0        467            26       0                0        1,270          70       678              100      79             4        678            1,816

  Mississippi     454             34       0              0        615              46       931            96       271              20       39             4        1,340          970

  Missouri        1,764           47       0              0        1,268            34       4,421          80       695              19       1,121          20       3,727          5,542

  Montana         0               0        0              0        242              81       221            78       56               19       63             22       298            284

  Nebraska        277             18       357            23       1,088            72       1,102          71       150              10       103            7        1,515          1,562

  Nevada          0               0        94             24       1,268            100      305            76       0                0        0              0        1,268          399

  New Hampshire   104             11       105            10       841              89       944            90       0                0        0              0        945            1,049

  New Jersey      569             19       552            17       1,650            57       1,531          46       700              24       1,215          37       2,919          3,298

  New Mexico      44              6        44             3        517              76       1,106          80       116              17       231            17       677            1,381

  New York        9,149           67       0              0        2,822            21       0              0        1,600            12       5,316          100      13,571         5,316

  North Carolina  0               0        0              0        964              28       287            20       2,471            72       1,160          80       3,435          1,447

  North Dakota    0               0        0              0        161              100      89             100      0                0        0              0        161            89

  Ohio            0               0        1,246          16       2,335            56       3,579          46       1,845            44       2,942          38       4,180          7,767

  Oklahoma        445             26       368            20       262              15       835            45       994              58       638            35       1,701          1,841

  Oregon          796             34       173            5        1,372            59       574            17       153              7        2,634          78       2,321          3,381

  Pennsylvania    351             22       628            44       747              48       358            25       474              30       432            30       1,572          1,418

  Rhode Island    37              5        --             --       352              46       --             --       380              49       --             --       769            --

  South Carolina  41              3        96             2        565              37       2,239          58       903              60       1,554          40       1,509          3,889

  South Dakota    194             13       103            18       779              54       485            82       467              32       0              0        1,440          588

  Tennessee       143             14       153            15       555              56       574            57       300              30       283            28       998            1,010

  Texas           0               0        0              0        3,709            87       3,887          85       538              13       682            15       4,247          4,569

  Utah            319             24       319            27       859              65       759            64       151              11       113            9        1,329          1,191

  Vermont         72              27       --             --       42               16       --             --       150              57       --             --       264            --

  Virginia        0               0        0              0        2,187            85       1,398          83       386              15       291            17       2,573          1,689

  Washington      0               0        0              0        1,787            99       819            79       11               1        224            21       1,798          1,043

  West Virginia   0               0        0              0        1,213            100      1,013          100      0                0        0              0        1,213          1,013

  Wisconsin       0               0        0              0        16               1        2,028          66       2,133            99       1,024          34       2,149          3,052

  Wyoming         0               0        34             6        192              100      468            88       0                0        31             6        192            533

  Bureau of       NA              --       NA             --       NA               --       NA             --       NA               --       NA             --       NA             NA
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                                      

  Puerto Rico     489             24       --             --       1,041            51       --             --       509              25       --             --       2,039          --

  **Total**       **59,476**      **29**   **50,358**     **30**   **115,909**      **57**   **81,472**     **48**   **29,286**       **14**   **37,444**     **22**   **204,671**    **169,642**
  --------------- --------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- -------------- --------------

**Notes:** The national figures for this portion of the program should
be viewed with caution, as participants in **California** account for
more than 50 percent of state N or D participants. Additionally,
year-to-year trends tend to be a reflection of trends in **California,**
rather than a reflection of trends in the nation as a whole. The
**Bureau of Indian Affairs** does not have state N or D participants and
**Rhode Island**, **Vermont,** and **Puerto Rico** were unable to
provide information for this item for 1998--99.

**Table 19**

**Number of Institutions Participating in the State Agency Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D)**

**Program, by State, 1997--98 and 1998--99**

+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|                  | **N   |       | **    |       | **    |       |
|                  | eglec |       | Delin |       | Adult |       |
|                  | ted** |       | quent |       | Corr  |       |
|                  |       |       | Inst  |       | ectio |       |
|                  | *     |       | ituti |       | nal** |       |
|                  | *Inst |       | ons** |       |       |       |
|                  | ituti |       |       |       |       |       |
|                  | ons** |       |       |       |       |       |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **State**        | **    | **    | **    | **    | **    | **    |
|                  | 1997- | 1998- | 1997- | 1998- | 1997- | 1998- |
|                  | -98** | -99** | -98** | -99** | -98** | -99** |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Alabama          | 0     | 38    | 1     | 16    | 6     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Alaska           | 0     | 0     | 6     | 7     | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Arizona          | 20    | 52    | 27    | 32    | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Arkansas         | 0     | 0     | 1     | 1     | 5     | 5     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| California       | --    | 78    | --    | 0     | --    | 2     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Colorado         | 0     | 0     | 3     | 5     | 1     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Connecticut      | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Delaware         | 0     | 0     | 1     | 3     | 3     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| District of      | 2     | 3     | 2     | 2     | 1     | 1     |
| Columbia         |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Florida          | 0     | 3     | 2     | 3     | 10    | 12    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Georgia          | 0     | 0     | 6     | 6     | 2     | 5     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Hawaii           | 0     | 0     | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Idaho            | 11    | 9     | 12    | 17    | 1     | 2     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Illinois         | 38    | 34    | 7     | 7     | 7     | 7     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Indiana          | 1     | 1     | 4     | 4     | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Iowa             | 0     | 29    | 2     | 24    | 4     | 6     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Kansas           | 6     | 4     | 4     | 4     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Kentucky         | 6     | 0     | 10    | 40    | 14    | 14    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Louisiana        | 1     | 1     | 3     | 3     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Maine            | 0     | 0     | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Maryland         | 24    | 19    | 12    | 16    | 13    | 13    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Massachusetts    | 55    | 65    | 71    | 49    | 10    | 9     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Michigan         | 0     | 0     | 9     | 8     | 6     | 5     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Minnesota        | 0     | 18    | 0     | 32    | 6     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Mississippi      | 32    | 0     | 2     | 2     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Missouri         | 71    | 0     | 46    | 40    | 15    | 3     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Montana          | 0     | 0     | 1     | 2     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Nebraska         | 1     | 1     | 2     | 2     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Nevada           | 0     | 2     | 2     | 5     | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Hampshire    | 5     | 8     | 10    | 14    | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Jersey       | 10    | 14    | 18    | 21    | 10    | 8     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Mexico       | 1     | 1     | 2     | 3     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New York         | 109   | 0     | 127   | 0     | 3     | 2     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| North Carolina   | 0     | 0     | 5     | 5     | 6     | 6     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| North Dakota     | 0     | 0     | 1     | 1     | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Ohio             | 0     | 52    | 8     | 74    | 7     | 14    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Oklahoma         | 12    | 12    | 11    | 17    | 3     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Oregon           | 45    | 24    | 14    | 59    | 1     | 50    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Pennsylvania     | 1     | 1     | 7     | 11    | 6     | 25    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Rhode Island     | 1     | --    | 3     | --    | 1     | --    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| South Carolina   | 1     | 1     | 2     | 4     | 5     | 5     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| South Dakota     | 5     | 2     | 10    | 4     | 4     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Tennessee        | 1     | 1     | 4     | 4     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Texas            | 0     | 0     | 1     | 1     | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Utah             | 5     | 5     | 20    | 20    | 3     | 3     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Vermont          | 2     | --    | 1     | --    | 1     | --    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Virginia         | 0     | 0     | 6     | 6     | 2     | 2     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Washington       | 0     | 0     | 15    | 21    | 1     | 1     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| West Virginia    | 0     | 0     | 6     | 6     | 0     | 0     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Wisconsin        | 0     | 0     | 4     | 4     | 4     | 6     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Wyoming          | 0     | 2     | 2     | 11    | 0     | 2     |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Bureau of Indian | NA    | NA    | NA    | NA    | NA    | NA    |
| Affairs          |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Puerto Rico      | 1     | --    | 1     | --    | 1     | --    |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **Total**        | **    | **    | **    | **    | **    | **    |
|                  | 468** | 481** | 520** | 619** | 174** | 222** |
+------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

**Note:** The **Bureau of Indian Affairs** does not have state N or D
participants and **Rhode Island**, **Vermont,** and **Puerto Rico** were
unable to provide information for this item for 1998--99. **California**
was unable to provide information for this item for 1997-98.

[^1]: U.S. Department of Education, Planning and Evaluation Service,
    *High Standards for All Students: A Report from the National
    Assessment of Title I on Progress and Challenges Since the 1994
    Reauthorization*, Washington, D.C.: 2001.

[^2]: Content standards broadly define what a student should know and be
    able to do in a given subject area. Performance standards go on to
    define how well a student should perform in those subject areas to
    be considered advanced, proficient, or partially proficient.

[^3]: The Part A--Neglected program provides funding for services for
    children living in local institutions for neglected children. These
    services are provided by the school district and are to be
    comparable to the services provided to the students enrolled in the
    elementary and secondary schools in the district.