**National Climatic Data Center**

**DATA DOCUMENTATION**

**FOR**

**DATASET 3510 (DSI-3510)**

**Hourly Solar, Meteorological, and Precipitation Data**

**December 8, 2003**

National Climatic Data Center

151 Patton Ave.

Asheville, NC 28801-5001 USA

**Table of Contents**

[Topic Page Number]{.underline}

1\.
Abstract\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...
2

2\. Element Names and Definitions**:**
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3\. Start
Date\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 8

4\. Stop
Date\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 8

5\.
Coverage\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...
8

6\. How to order
data\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... 8

7\. Archiving Data Center.
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8\. Technical
Contact\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... 8

9\. Known Uncorrected
Problems\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... 9

10\. Quality
Statement\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 9

11\. Essential Companion Data Sets\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....
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12\.
References\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...
9

**1. [Abstract]{.underline}:** This historical dataset (TD3510) was
built by 'merging' the National Solar Radiation (TD3282) database with
Hourly Precipitation Data (TD3240) for the same stations. The
observations of hourly precipitation were taken by observers at
principle (primary) stations, secondary stations and cooperative
observer stations operated by the National Weather Service (NWS) and the
Federal Aviation Agency (FAA).

Approximately 240 stations have recorded precipitation data through the
period of record. NCDC only has data from 1961 to 1990. There are 8,760
or 8,784 (for leap years) hourly data records in each station-year.

Several recording (weighing) rain gauge instruments were used in
measuring hourly precipitation, but by September 1963 many Fischer
Porter precipitation gauge instruments with automated readout, recorded
on paper tape, were phased in. By early 1965, about 200 of these were in
operation and they became the primary recording instrument. Currently,
there are approximately 2,000 Fischer Porter gauges in operation. The
Universal Rain Gauge is the other primary instrument used to create the
data. It has an automated readout recorded on paper charts. Station and
dates of commissioning of weighing rain gauges are in the Station
History Listings available at the NCDC in Asheville, NC.

**2. [Element Names and Definitions]{.underline}:**

**Header Elements in the TD3510 Format**

+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| *      | **Element**      | **Val | **Definition**                  |
| *Field |                  | ues** |                                 |
| Posi   |                  |       |                                 |
| tion** |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | WBAN Number      |       | Stations Weather Bureau Army    |
| 02-006 |                  |       | Navy number.                    |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | City             |       | City where the station is       |
| 08-029 |                  |       | located (maximum of 22          |
|        |                  |       | characters)                     |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | State            |       | State where the station is      |
| 31-032 |                  |       | located (abbreviated to two     |
|        |                  |       | letters).                       |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Time Zone        |       | Time zone is the number of      |
| 34-036 |                  |       | hours by which the local        |
|        |                  |       | standard time lags of leads     |
|        |                  |       | Universal Time. For example,    |
|        |                  |       | Mountain Standard Time is       |
|        |                  |       | designated -7 because it lags   |
|        |                  |       | Universal Time by 7 hours.      |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | latitude         |       | Latitude of the station         |
| 39-044 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 039    |                  |       | N=North of equator              |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      |                  |       | Degrees                         |
| 40-041 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      |                  |       | Minutes                         |
| 43-044 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Longitude        |       | Longitude of the station        |
| 47-053 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 047    |                  |       | W=West, E=East                  |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      |                  |       | Degrees                         |
| 48-050 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      |                  |       | Minutes                         |
| 52-053 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Elevation        |       | Elevation of station in meters  |
| 56-059 |                  |       | above sea level.                |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| **Data |                  |       |                                 |
| El     |                  |       |                                 |
| ements |                  |       |                                 |
| in the |                  |       |                                 |
| TD3510 |                  |       |                                 |
| Fo     |                  |       |                                 |
| rmat** |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| Time   | Local Standard   |       |                                 |
|        | Time             |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Year             | 61-90 | Year of observation             |
| 02-003 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Month            | 1-12  | Month of observation            |
| 05-006 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Day              | 1-31  | Day of month                    |
| 08-009 |                  |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Hour             | 1-24  | Hour of day in local standard   |
| 11-012 |                  |       | time                            |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Extraterrestrial | 0     | Amount of solar radiation in    |
| 14-017 | Horizontal       | -1415 | Wh/m2 horizontal surface at the |
|        | Radiation        |       | top of the atmosphere during    |
|        |                  |       | the 60 minutes preceding the    |
|        |                  |       | hour indicated.                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Extraterrestrial | 0     | Amount of solar radiation in    |
| 19-022 | Direct Normal    | -1415 | Wh/m2 received on a surface     |
|        | Radiation        |       | normal to the sun at the top of |
|        |                  |       | the atmosphere during the 60    |
|        |                  |       | minutes proceeding the hour     |
|        |                  |       | indicated.                      |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Global           | 0     | Total amount of direct and      |
| 24-027 | Horizontal       | -1415 | diffuse solar radiation in      |
|        | Radiation Data   |       | Wh/m2 on a horizontal surface   |
|        | Value            |       | during the 60 minutes preceding |
|        |                  |       | the hour indicated.             |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Flag for Data    | A-H,  |                                 |
| 29-029 | Source           | ?     |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Flag for Data    | 0-9   | 9999 = missing data.            |
| 30-030 | uncertainty      |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | See table below for Source Flag |
|        |                  |       | and Uncertainty Flag.           |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Direct Normal    | 0     | Amount of solar radiation in    |
| 32-035 | Radiation Data   | -1415 | Wh/m2 received within a 5.7     |
|        | Value            |       | deg. Field of view centered on  |
|        |                  |       | the sun, during the 60 minutes  |
|        |                  |       | preceding the hour indicated.   |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Flag for Data    | 0-9   | 9999 = missing data.            |
| 38-038 | Uncertainty      |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | See table below for Source Flag |
|        |                  |       | and Uncertainty Flag.           |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Data Value       | 0     | Amount of solar radiation in    |
| 40-043 |                  | -1415 | Wh/m2 received from the sky     |
|        |                  |       | (excluding the solar disk) on a |
|        |                  |       | horizontal surface, during the  |
|        |                  |       | 60 minutes preceding the hour   |
|        |                  |       | indicated.                      |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Flag for Data    | A-H,  |                                 |
| 45-045 | Source           | ?     |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Flag for Data    | 0-9   | 9999 = missing data.            |
| 46-046 | Uncertainty      |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Total Sky Cover  | 0-10  | Amount of sky dome (in tenths)  |
| 48-049 |                  |       | covered by clouds.              |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 99 = missing data.              |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Opaque Sky Cover | 0-10  | Amount of sky dome (in tenths)  |
| 51-052 |                  |       | covered by clouds that prevent  |
|        |                  |       | observing the sky or higher     |
|        |                  |       | cloud layers.                   |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 99 = missing data.              |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Dry Bulb Temp    | -70.0 | Dry bulb temperature in degrees |
| 54-058 |                  | to    | C.                              |
|        |                  | 60.0  |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 9999 = missing data.            |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Dew Point Temp   | -70.0 | Dew point temperature in        |
| 60-064 |                  | to    | degrees C.                      |
|        |                  | 60.0  |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 9999 = missing data.            |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Relative         | 0 --  | Relative humidity in percent.   |
| 66-068 | Humidity         | 100   |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 999 = missing data.             |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Station Pressure | 700   | Station pressure in millibars.  |
| 70-073 |                  | --    |                                 |
|        |                  | 1100  | 9999 = missing data.            |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Wind Direction   | 0 --  | Wind direction in degrees.      |
| 75-077 |                  | 360   |                                 |
|        |                  |       | (N = 0 or 360, E = 90, S = 180, |
|        |                  |       | W = 270)                        |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 999 = missing data              |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 07     | Wind Speed       | 0.0   | Wind speed in m/s.              |
| 8--082 |                  | --    |                                 |
|        |                  | 99.0  | 9999 or 99.0 = missing data.    |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Visibility       | 0.0   | Horizontal visibility in        |
| 83-088 |                  | --    | kilometers. 777.7 = unlimited   |
|        |                  | 160.9 | visibility.                     |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 99999 = missing data.           |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Ceiling Height   | 0-    | Ceiling height in meters.       |
| 89-094 |                  | 30450 |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 77777 = unlimited ceiling       |
|        |                  |       | height.                         |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 88888 = cirroform.              |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 999999 = missing data.          |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Observation      | 0 or  | 0 = Weather observation made.   |
| 96-096 | Indicator        | 9     |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 9 = Weather observation not     |
|        |                  |       | made or missing.                |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | If this field = 9 or if field   |
|        |                  |       | 13 (wind speed) = missing (9999 |
|        |                  |       | or 99.0), then fields 6, 7, 8,  |
|        |                  |       | 10, 11, 17, and 18 were all     |
|        |                  |       | modeled and not actually        |
|        |                  |       | observed.                       |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 0      | Present Weather  | See   | Present weather conditions      |
| 97-105 |                  | Table | denoted by 9 indicators. See    |
|        |                  | Below | present weather table below.    |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Precipitable     | 0-100 | Precipitable water in           |
| 06-109 | Water            |       | millimeters.                    |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 9999 = missing data.            |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Broadband        | 0.0-  | Broadband aerosol optical depth |
| 10-115 | Aerosol Optical  | 0.900 | (broadband turbidity) on the    |
|        | Depth            |       | day indicated.                  |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 99999 = missing data.           |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Snow Depth       | 0-100 | Snow depth in centimeters on    |
| 16-119 |                  |       | the day indicated.              |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 999 = missing data.             |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Days Since Last  | 0-88  | Number of days since last       |
| 20-122 | Snowfall         |       | snowfall.                       |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 88 = 88 or greater days.        |
|        |                  |       |                                 |
|        |                  |       | 999 = missing data.             |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Hourly           | 000   | In inches and hundredths (see   |
| 24-129 | Precipitation    | 000-0 | information below)              |
|        |                  | 99999 |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1      | Hourly           |       |                                 |
| 30-130 | Precipitation    |       |                                 |
|        | Flag             |       |                                 |
+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------+

Notes: With the exception of solar radiation elements, broadband aerosol
optical depth, snow depth, and days since last snowfall, all values were
observed or modeled for the hour indicated. Daily values of broadband
aerosol optical depth were estimated.

**Present Weather Table**

+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Pos   | Element           | Va   | Remarks                         |
| ition |                   | lues |                                 |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| 1     | Occurrence of     | 0-   | 0 = Thunderstorm -- lightning   |
|       | Thunder-storm,    | 2,4, | and thunder+ wind gusts less    |
|       | Tornado or Squall | 6-9  | than 25.7 m/s, hail (if any) \< |
|       |                   |      | 1.9 cm diameter.                |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 1 = Heavy or severs             |
|       |                   |      | thunderstorm -- frequent        |
|       |                   |      | intense lightning and thunder,  |
|       |                   |      | wind gusts \> 25.7 m/s and      |
|       |                   |      | hail, if any, 1.9 cm or greater |
|       |                   |      | in diameter.                    |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Report of tornado or        |
|       |                   |      | waterspout.                     |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Moderate squall -- sudden   |
|       |                   |      | increase of wind speed by at    |
|       |                   |      | least 8.2 m/s, reaching 11.3    |
|       |                   |      | m/s or more and lasting for at  |
|       |                   |      | least one minute.               |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Water spout (beginning      |
|       |                   |      | January 1984).                  |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Funnel cloud (beginning     |
|       |                   |      | January 1984).                  |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 8 = Tornado (beginning January  |
|       |                   |      | 1984).                          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-9  | 0 = Light rain                  |
|       | Rain Showers or   |      |                                 |
|       | Freezing Rain     |      | 1 = Moderate rain               |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy rain                  |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Light rain showers          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Moderate rain showers       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Heavy rain showers          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Light freezing rain         |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Moderate freezing rain      |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 8 = Heavy freezing rain         |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: Light = up to 0.25 cm    |
|       |                   |      | per hour.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Moderate = 0.28 to 0.76 cm per  |
|       |                   |      | hour.                           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Heavy = greater than 0.76 cm    |
|       |                   |      | per hour.                       |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0,   | 0 = Light rain squalls          |
|       | Rain Squalls,     | 1,   |                                 |
|       | Drizzle or        | 3-9  | 1 = Moderate rain squalls       |
|       | freezing Drizzle. |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy rain squalls          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Light rain drizzle          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Moderate rain drizzle       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Heavy rain drizzle          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Light freezing drizzle      |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Moderate freezing drizzle   |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 8 = Heavy freezing drizzle      |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: When drizzle or freezing |
|       |                   |      | drizzle occurs with other       |
|       |                   |      | weather phenomena:              |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Light = up to 0.025 cm per      |
|       |                   |      | hour.                           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Moderate = 0.025 to 0.051 cm    |
|       |                   |      | per hour.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Heavy = greater than 0.051 cm   |
|       |                   |      | per hour.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | When drizzle or freezing        |
|       |                   |      | drizzle occurs alone: Light =   |
|       |                   |      | visibility 1 km or greater.     |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Moderate = visibility between   |
|       |                   |      | 0.5 and 1 km.                   |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Heavy = visibility 0.5 km or    |
|       |                   |      | less.                           |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-9  | 0 = Light snow                  |
|       | Snow, Snow        |      |                                 |
|       | pellets or Ice    |      | 1 = Moderate snow               |
|       | Crystals          |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy snow                  |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Light snow pellets          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Moderate snow pellets       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Heavy snow pellets          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Light ice crystals          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Moderate ice crystals       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 8 = heavy ice crystals          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: Beginning in April 1963, |
|       |                   |      | any occurrence of ice crystals  |
|       |                   |      | in recorded as a 7.             |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-5, | 0 = Light snow showers          |
|       | Snow Showers or   | 9    |                                 |
|       | Snow Squalls      |      | 1 = Moderate snow showers       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy snow showers          |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Light snow squall           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Moderate snow squall        |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Heavy snow squall           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-2, | 0 = Light ice pellet showers    |
|       | Sleet, Sleet      | 4, 9 |                                 |
|       | Showers or Hail   |      | 1 = Moderate ice pellet showers |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy ice pellet showers    |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Hail                        |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: Prior to April 1970, ice |
|       |                   |      | pellets were coded as sleet.    |
|       |                   |      | Beginning in April 1970, sleet  |
|       |                   |      | and small hail were redefined   |
|       |                   |      | as ice pellets and are coded as |
|       |                   |      | 0, 1 or 2.                      |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-9  | 0 = Fog                         |
|       | Fog, Blowing Dust |      |                                 |
|       | or Blowing Sand   |      | 1 = Ice fog                     |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Ground fog                  |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Blowing dist                |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Blowing sand                |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Heavy fog                   |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Glaze (beginning 1984)      |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Heavy ice fog (beginning    |
|       |                   |      | 1984)                           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 8 = heavy ground fog (beginning |
|       |                   |      | 1984)                           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: These values recorded    |
|       |                   |      | only when visibility is less    |
|       |                   |      | than 11 km.                     |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of     | 0-7, | 0 = Smoke                       |
|       | Smoke, Haze,      | 9    |                                 |
|       | Smoke and haze,   |      | 1 = Haze                        |
|       | Blowing Snow,     |      |                                 |
|       | Blowing Spray or  |      | 2 = Smoke and haze              |
|       | Dust              |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 3 = Dust                        |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 4 = Blowing snow                |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 5 = Blowing spray               |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 6 = Dust storm (beginning 1984) |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 7 = Volcanic ash                |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | Notes: These values recorded    |
|       |                   |      | only when visibility is less    |
|       |                   |      | than 11 km.                     |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+
|       | Occurrence of Ice | 0-2, | 0 = Light ice pellets           |
|       | Pellets           | 9    |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 1 = Moderate ice pellets        |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 2 = Heavy ice pellets           |
|       |                   |      |                                 |
|       |                   |      | 9 = None if observation         |
|       |                   |      | indicator element equals 0,     |
|       |                   |      | else unknown or missing if      |
|       |                   |      | observation indicator element   |
|       |                   |      | equals 9.                       |
+-------+-------------------+------+---------------------------------+

**3. [Start Date]{.underline}:** 19610101

**4. [Stop Date]{.underline}:** 19901231

**5. [Coverage]{.underline}:**

a\. Southernmost Latitude: 15.0S

b\. Northernmost Latitude: 72.0N

c\. Westernmost Longitude: 170.0W

d\. Easternmost Longitude: -60.0E

**6. [How to Order Data]{.underline}:**

Ask NCDC's Climate Services about the cost of obtaining this data set.

Phone: 828-271-4800

FAX: 828-271-4876

E-mail: [**NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov**](mailto:NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov)

**7. [Archiving Data Center]{.underline}:**

Archive Branch

National Climatic Data Center

151 Patton Avenue

Asheville, NC 28801

**8. [Technical Contact]{.underline}:**

National Climatic Data Center

151 Patton Avenue

Asheville, NC 28801

**9. [Known Uncorrected Problems]{.underline}:** None.

**10. [Quality Statement]{.underline}:**

**11. [Essential Companion Datasets]{.underline}:**

**12. [References]{.underline}:**