**1999 NASA Code 614 Publications**

ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE

 

Arrigo, K.R., D.H. Robinson, **D.L. Worthen,** R.B. Dunbar, G.R.
DiTullio, M. VanWoert, and M.P. Lizotte, 1999: Phytoplankton community
structure and the drawdown of nutrients and CO~2~ in the Southern Ocean.
*Science*, **283** (5400), 365-367.

**Jasinski, M.F.,** and R.D. Crago, 1999: Estimation of vegetation
aerodynamic roughness of natural regions using frontal area density
determined from satellite imagery. *Agr. Forest Meteorol*., **94** (1),
65-77.

Leonard, C.L., **C.R. McClain, R. Murtugudde,** E.E. Hofmann, and L.W.
Harding, Jr., 1999: An iron-based ecosystem model of the central
Pacific. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C1), 1325-1341.

**McClain, C.R., R. Murtugudde,** and **S. Signorini**, 1999: A
simulation of biological processes in the equatorial Pacific warm pool
at 165^o^E. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C8), 18,305-18,322.

**Murtugudde, R.G., S.R. Signorini, J.R. Christian, A.J. Busalacchi, C.R
McClain,** and J. Picaut, 1999: Ocean color variability of the tropical
Indo-Pacific basin observed by SeaWiFS during 1997-1998. *J. Geophys.
Res*., **104** (C8), 18,351-18,366.

Pitman, A.J., A. Henderson-Selleres, C.E. Desborough, Z.-L. Yang, F.
Abramopoulos, A. Boone, R.E. Dickinson, N. Gedney, **R. Koster,** E.
Kowalczyk, D. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, J. Noilhan, J.
Polcher, W. Qu, A. Robock, C. Rosenzweig, C.A. Schlosser, A.B. Shmakin,
J. Smith, M. Suarez, D. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, E. Wood, and Y. Xue, 1999:
Key results and implications from phase 1(c) of the Project for
Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes. *Climate
Dyn*., **15**, 673-684.

**Signorini, S.R., C.R. McClain,** and Y. Dandonneau, 1999: Mixing and
phytoplankton bloom in the wake of the Marquesas Islands. *Geophys. Res.
Lett*., **26** (20), 3121-3124.

**Signorini, S.R., R.G. Murtugudde, C.R. McClain, J.R. Christian,** J.
Picaut, and **A.J. Busalacchi,** 1999: Biological and physical
signatures in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. *J. Geophys. Res*.,
**104** (C8), 18,367-18382.

**Wiggert, J.,** T.C. Granata, T.D. Dickey, and J. Marra, 1999: A
seasonal succession of physical/biological interaction mechanisms in the
Sargasso Sea. *J. Mar. Res*., **57** (6), 933-966.

 

GLOBAL WATER CYCLE

 

Alexander, G.D., **J.A. Weinman,** V.M. Karyampudi, W.S. Olson, and
A.C.L. Lee, 1999: The effect of assimilating rain rates derived from
satellites and lightning on forecasts of the 1993 superstorm. *Mon.
Weather Rev*., **127** (7), 1433-1457.

Bosilovich M.G., R. Yang, and **P.R. Houser,** 1999: River basin
hydrology in a global off-line land-surface model. *J. Geophys Res*.,
**104** (D16), 19,661-19,673.

Cahill, A.T., M.B. Parlange, T.J. Jackson, **P. O\'Neill,** and T.J.
Schmugge, 1999: Evaporation from nonvegetated surfaces: surface aridity
methods and passive microwave remote sensing. *J. Appl. Meteor*.,
**38**, 1346-1351.

**Chang, A.T.C.,** and **L.S. Chiu,** 1999: Nonsystemic errors of
monthly oceanic rainfall derived from SSM/I. *Mon. Wea. Rev*., **127**
(7), 1630-1638.

**Chang, A.T.C., L.S. Chiu,** C. Kummerow, **J. Meng,** and T.T.
Wilheit, 1999: First results of the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) monthly
oceanic rain rate: comparison with SSM/I. *Geophys. Res. Lett*., **26**
(15), 2379-2382.

**Choudhury, B.J.,** 1999: Evaluation of an empirical equation for
annual evaporation using field observations and results from a
biophysical model. *J. Hydrol*., **216** (1-2), 99-110.

**Ducharne, A., R.D. Koster,** M.J. Suarez, and P. Kumar, 1999: A
catchment-based land surface model for GCMs and the framework for its
evaluation. *Phys. Chem. Earth (B)*, **24** (7), 769-773.

Entekhabi, D., G.R. Asrar, A.K. Betts, K.J. Beven, R.L. Bras, C.J.
Duffy, T.Dunne, **R.D. Koster,** D.P. Lettenmaier, D.B. McLaughlin, W.J.
Shuttleworth, M.T. van Genuchten, M.-Y. Wei, and E.F. Wood, 1999: An
agenda for land surface hydrology research and a call for the Second
International Hydrological Decade. *Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc*., **80**
(10), 2043-2058.

**Entin, J.K.,** A. Robock, K.Y. Vinnikov, V. Zabelin, S. Liu, A.
Namkhai, and T. Adyasuren, 1999: Evaluation of global soil wetness
project soil moisture simulations. *J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan*, **77**
(1B), 183-198.

Famiglietti, J.S., J.A. Devereaux, C.A. Laymon, T. Tsegaye, **P.R.
Houser,** T.J. Jackson, S.T. Graham, M. Rodell, and P.J. van Oevelen,
1999: Ground-based investigation of soil moisture variability within
remote sensing footprints during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97)
Hydrology Experiment. *Water Resour. Res.*, **35** (6), 1839-1851.

Jackson, T.J., **D.M. Le Vine, A.Y. Hsu,** A. Oldak, P.J. Starks, C.T.
Swift, J.D. Isham, and **M. Haken,** 1999: Soil moisture mapping at
regional scales using microwave radiometry: the Southern Great Plains
Hydrology Experiment. *IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens*., **37** (5),
2136-2151.

**Koster, R.D.,** and M.J. Suarez, 1999: A simple framework for
examining the interannual variability of land surface moisture fluxes.
*J. Clim*., **12** (7) 1911-1917.

**Koster, R.D.,** T. Oki, and M.J. Suarez, 1999: The offline validation
of land surface models: assessing success at the annual timescale. *J.
Meteor. Soc. Japan*, **77** (1B), 257-263.

Laymon, C.A., W.L. Crosson, V.V. Soman, W.R. Belisle, T.L. Coleman, A.
Fahsi, A. Manu, Z.N. Senwo, T.D. Tsegaye, **P.E. O\'Neill,** and T.J.
Jackson, 1999: Huntsville \'96: an experiment in ground-based remote
sensing of soil moisture. *Int. J. Remote Sens*., **20** (4), 823-828.

**Owe, M.,** A.A. Van de Griend, R. de Jeu, J.J. de Vries, E. Seyhan,
**E.T. Engman,** 1999: Estimating soil moisture from satellite microwave
observations: past and ongoing projects, and relevance to GCIP. *J.
Geophys. Res*., **104** (D16), 19,735-19742.

Saraf, A.K., **J.L. Foster,** P. Singh, and S. Tarafdar, 1999: Passive
microwave data for snow-depth and snow-extent estimations in the
Himalayan mountains. *Int. J. Remote Sens*., **20** (1), 83-95.

Schols, J.L., **J.A. Weinman,** G.D. Alexander, R.E. Stewart, L.J.
Angus, and A.C.L. Lee, 1999: Microwave properties of frozen
precipitation around a North Atlantic cyclone. *J. Appl. Meteorol*.,
**38** (1), 29-43.

**Tait, A.B.,** E.C. Barrett, M.J. Beaumont, P.A. Brown, M.J. Taberner,
and M.C. Todd, 1999: Interpretation of an atlas of passive
microwave-derived rainfall over the eastern north Atlantic Ocean and
North Sea. *Int. J. Climatol*., **19** (3), 231-252.

Vinnikov, K.Y., A. Robock, S.Qiu, and **J.K. Entin,** 1999: Optimal
design of surface networks for observation of soil moisture. *J. Geophys
Res*., **104** (D16), 19,743-19,749.

Winther, J.-G., and **D.K. Hall,** 1999: Satellite-derived snow coverage
related to hydropower production in Norway: present and future. *Int. J.
Remote Sens*., **20** (15-16), 2991-3008.

\-[[top]{.underline}](http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/publications_1999.php#top)-

 

CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND PREDICTION

 

**Abdalati, W.,** and **W.B.Krabill,** 1999: Calculation of ice
velocities in the Jakobshavn Isbrae area using airborne laser altimetry.
*Remote Sens. Environ*., **67** (2), 194-204.

**Cavalieri, D.J., C.L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, J.C. Comiso,** and
**H.J. Zwally,** 1999: Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover
from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets. *J. Geophys.
Res*., **104** (C7), 15,803-15,814.

Dinniman, M.S. and **M.M. Rienecker,** 1999: Frontogenesis in the North
Pacific oceanic frontal zones - A numerical simulation. *J. Phys.
Oceanogr*., **29**, 537-559.

**Gloersen, P.,** **C.L. Parkinson, D.J. Cavalieri, J.C. Comiso,** and
**H.J. Zwally,** 1999: Spatial distribution of trends and seasonality in
the hemispheric sea ice covers: 1978-1996. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104**
(C9), 20,827-20,835.

**Häkkinen, S.**, 1999: A simulation of thermohaline effects of a great
salinity anomaly. *J. Climate*, **12** (6), 1781-1795.

**Häkkinen, S.**, 1999: Variability of the simulated meridonal heat
transport in the North Atlantic for the period 1951-1993. *J. Geophys.
Res*., **104** (C5), 10,991-11,007.

**Howden S.D.,** and D.R. Watts, 1999: Jet streaks in the Gulf Stream.
*J. Phys. Oceanogr*., **29** (8), 1910-1924.

**Hulbe, C.L.,** and D.R. MacAyeal, 1999: A new numerical model of
coupled inland ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf flow and its
application to the West Antarctic ice sheet. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104**
(B11), 25,349-25,366.

Joughin, I., **M. Fahnestock,** R. Kwok, P. Gogineni, and C. Allen,
1999: Ice flow of Humboldt, Petermann and Ryder Gletscher, northern
Greenland. *J. Glaciol*., **45** (150), 231-241.

Joughin, I., L. Gray, **R. Bindschadler, S. Price,** D. Morse, **C.
Hulbe,** K. Mattar, and C. Werner, 1999: Tributaries of West Antarctic
ice streams revealed by RADARSAT interferometry. *Science*, **286**
(5438), 283-286.

Keckhut, P., **F.J. Schmidlin,** A. Hauchecorne, and M.L. Chanin, 1999:
Stratospheric and mesospheric cooling trend estimates from U. S.
rocketsonds at low latitude stations (8�S-34�N), taking into account
instrumental changes and natural variability. *J. Atmos. Sol-Terr.
Phy*., **61** (6), 447-459.

Korotaev, G.K., O.A. Saenko, **C.J. Koblinsky,** and V.V. Knysh, 1999:
\"Satellite altimetry observations of the Black Sea.\" In: Environmental
Degradation of the Black Sea: Challenges and Remedies, S. Besiktepe et
al. Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 225-244.

**Krabill, W., E. Frederick, S. Manizade, C. Martin, J. Sonntag, R.
Swift, R. Thomas, W. Wright,** and **J. Yungel,** 1999: Rapid thinning
of parts of the southern Greenland ice sheet. *Science*, **283**,
1522-1524.

Ledley, T.S., E.T. Sundquist, S.E. Schwartz, **D.K. Hall,** J.D.
Fellows, and T.L. Killeen, 1999: Climate change and greenhouse gases.
*Eos, Trans, AGU*, **80** (39), 453-454, 457-458.

**Liu, A.K., Y. Zhao,** and **S.Y. Wu,** 1999: Arctic sea ice drift from
wavelet analysis of NSCAT and special sensor microwave imager data. *J.
Geophys. Res*., **104** (C5), 11,529-11,538.

**Markus, T.,** 1999: Results from an ECMWF-SSM/I forced mixed layer
model of the Southern Ocean*. J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C7),
15,603-15,620.

Mauritzen, C., and **S. Häkkinen,** 1999: On the relationship between
dense water formation and the \"Meridional Overturning Cell\" in the
North Atlantic Ocean. *Deep-Sea Res. I*, **46**, 877-894.

**Murtugudde, R.**, and **A.J. Busalacchi,** 1999: Interannual
variability of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the tropical Indian
Ocean. *J. Climate*, **12** (8), 2300-2326.

**Parkinson, C.L.,** **D.J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, H.J. Zwally,** and
**J.C. Comiso,** 1999: Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends,
1978-1996. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C9), 20,837-20,856.

Steffen, K., **W. Abdalati,** and I. Sherjal, 1999: Faceted crystal
formation in the northeast Greenland low-accumulation region. *J.
Glaciol*., **45** (149), 63-68.

Verron, J., L. Gourdeau, D.T. Pham, **R. Murtugudde,** and **A.J.
Busalacchi,** 1999: An extended Kalman filter to assimilate satellite
altimeter data into a nonlinear numerical model of the tropical Pacific
Ocean: method and validation. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C3),
5441-5458.

Vianna, M.L., J.M. Servain, **A.J. Busalacchi,** 1999: The PIRATA
Program: monitoring tropical Atlantic waters. *Sea Technol*., **40**
(10), 10-15.

Vinnikov, K.Y., A. Robock, R.J. Stouffer, J.E. Walsh, **C.L. Parkinson,
D.J. Cavalieri,** J.F.B. Mitchell, D.Garrett, and V.F. Zakharov, 1999:
Global warming and northern hemisphere sea ice extent. *Science*,
**286** (5446), 1934-1937.

**Vintzileos, A.,** P. Delecluse, and R. Sadourny, 1999: On the
mechanisms in a tropical ocean-global atmosphere coupled general
circulation model. Part I: mean state and the seasonal cycle. *Clim.
Dynam.*, **15** (1), 43-62.

**Vintzileos, A.,** P. Delecluse, and R. Sadourny, 1999: On the
mechanisms in a tropical ocean-global atmosphere coupled general
circulation model. Part II: interannual variability and its relation to
the seasonal cycle. *Clim. Dynam.*, **15** (1), 63-80.

Wadhams, P., and **J.C. Comiso,** 1999: Two modes of appearance of the
Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea. *Geophys. Res. Lett*., 26
(**16**), 2497-2500.

**Wang, L.,** and **C. Koblinsky,** 1999: Large change of mesoscale
variability in the Kuroshio extension region during the first 5 years of
the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. *Geophys. Res. Lett*., **26** (15),
2243-2246.

**Wang, L., C. Koblinsky, S. Howden,** and **N. Huang,** 1999:
Interannual variability in the South China Sea from expendable
bathythermograph data. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C10), 23,509-23,523.

Wu, M.L.C., S. Schubert, and **N.E. Huang,** 1999: The development of
the South Asian summer monsoon and the intraseasonal oscillation. *J.
Clim*. **12** (7), 2054-2075.

Yu, L., and **M.M. Rienecker,** 1999: Mechanisms for the Indian Ocean
warming during the 1997-98 El-Nino. *Geophys Res. Lett*., **26** (6),
735-738.

Zhang, R.-H., and **A.J. Busalacchi,** 1999: A possible link between
off-equatorial warm anomalies propagating along the NECC path and the
onset of the 1997-98 El Niño. *Geophys. Res. Lett*., **26** (18),
2873-2876.

Zhang, R.-H., L.M. Rothstein, **A.J. Busalacchi,** 1999: Interannual and
decadal variability of the subsurface thermal structure in the Pacific
Ocean: 1961-90. *Clim. Dynam*., **15** (10), 703-717.

Zhang, R.-H., L.M. Rothstein, **A.J. Busalacchi,** and X.-Z. Liang,
1999: The onset of the 1991-92 El Niño event in the tropical Pacific
Ocean: the NECC subsurface pathway. *Geophys. Res. Lett*., **26** (7),
847-850.

 

AEROSALS AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY

 

Logan, J.A., I.A. Megretskaia, A.J. Miller, G.C. Tiao, D. Choi, L.
Zhang, R.S. Stolarski, G.J. Labow, S.M. Hollandsworth, G.E. Bodeker, H.
Claude, D. DeMuer, J.B. Kerr, D.W. Tarasick, S.J. Oltmans, B. Johnson,
**F. Schmidlin,** J. Staehelin, P. Viatte, and O. Uchino, 1999: Trends
in the vertical distribution of ozone: a comparison of two analyses of
ozonesonde data. *J. Geophys Res-Atmos* **104** (D21), 26,373-26,399.

Polissar, A.V., P.K. Hopke, P. Paatero, Y.J. Kaufmann, **D.K. Hall,**
B.A. Bodhaine, E.G. Dutton, and J.M. Harris, 1999. The aerosol at
Barrow, Alaska: long-term trends and source locations. *Atmos.
Environ*., **33** (16), 2441-2458.

 

SOLID EARTH SCIENCE AND NATURAL HAZARDS

 

**Birkett, C., R. Murtugudde,** and T. Allan, 1999: Indian Ocean climate
event brings floods to East Africa\'s lakes and the Sudd Marsh.
*Geophys. Res. Lett.*, **26** (8), 1031-1034.

**Huang, N.E.,** Z. Shen, **S.R. Long,** and M.-J. Huang, 1999: \"A new
method for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis\". In:
*Stochastic Structural Dynamics*, B.F. Spencer, Jr., and E.A. Johnson,
Eds., A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 559-564.

Sallenger, Jr., A.H., **W. Krabill,** J. Brock, **R. Swift,** M. Jansen,
**S. Manizade,** B. Richmond, M. Hampton, and D. Eslinger, 1999:
Airborne laser study quantifies El Niño-induced coastal changes. *Eos,
Trans., AGU*, **80** (8), 89, 92-93.

Smith, D.E., M.T. Zuber, S.C. Solomon, R.J. Phillips, J.W. Head, J.B.
Garvin, W.B. Banerdt, D.O. Muhleman, G.H. Pettengill, G.A. Neumann, F.G.
Lemoine, J.B. Abshire, O. Aharonson, C.D. Brown, S.A. Hauck, A.B.
Ivanov, P.J. McGovern, **H.J. Zwally,** and T.C. Duxbury, 1999: The
global topography of Mars and implications for surface evolution.
*Science*, **284** (5419), 1495-1503.

 

SENSOR/ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT

 

Banner, M.L., W. Chen, **E.J. Walsh,** J.B., Jensen, S. Lee, and C.
Fandry, 1999: The Southern Ocean Waves Experiment. Part I: overview and
mean results. *J. Phys. Oceanogr*., **29** (9), 2130-2145.

**Barnes, R.A.,** **R. E. Eplee, Jr., F. S. Patt,** and **C. McClain,**
1999: Changes in the radiometric sensitivity of SeaWiFS determined from
lunar and solar-based measurements. *Appl. Opt.,* **38** (21),
4649-4664.

**Bindschadler, R., M. Fahnestock,** and A. Sigmund, 1999: Comparison of
Greenland ice sheet topography measured by TOPSAR and airborne laser
altimetry. *IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens*., **37** (5), 2530-2535.

Carswell, J.R., W.J. Donnelly, R.E. McIntosh, M.A. Donelan, and **D.C.
Vandemark,** 1999: Analysis of C and Ku band ocean backscatter
measurements under low-wind conditions. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104**
(C9), 20,687-20,701.

Elfouhaily, T., D.R. Thompson, **D.Vandemark,** and B. Chapron, 1999: A
new bistatic model for electromagnetic scattering from perfectly
conducting random surfaces. *Waves Random Media*, **9** (3) 281-294.

Elfouhaily, T., D. Thompson, **D.Vandemark,** and B. Chapron, 1999:
Weakly nonlinear theory and sea state bias estimations. *J. Geophys.
Res*., **104** (C4), 7641-7647.

**Foster, J.L., D.K. Hall, A.T.C. Chang,** A. Rango, W. Wergin, and E.
Erbe, 1999: Effects of snow crystal shape on the scattering of passive
microwave radiation. *IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens*., **37** (2),
1165-1168.

**Gloersen, P.,** and **N.E. Huang,** 1999: In search of an elusive
Antarctic circumpolar wave in sea ice extents: 1978-1996. *Polar Res*.
**18** (2), 167-173.

Goyal, S.K., M.S. Seyfried, and **P.E. O\'Neill,** 1999: Correction of
surface roughness and topographic effects on airborne SAR in mountainous
rangeland areas. *Remote Sens. Environ*., **67** (2), 124-136.

**Gregg, W.W.,** 1999: Initial analysis of ocean color data from the
ocean color and temperature scanner. I. Imagery analysis. *Appl. Opt*.,
**38** (3), 476-485.

**Gregg, W.W., F.S. Patt,** and **W.E. Esaias,** 1999: Initial analysis
of ocean color data from the ocean color and temperature scanner. II.
Geometric and radiometric analysis. *Appl. Opt*., **38** (27),
5692-5702.

**Hoge, F.E.,** and **P.E. Lyon,** 1999: Spectral parameters of inherent
optical property models: method for satellite retrieval by matrix
inversion of an oceanic radiance model. *Appl. Opt.*, **38** (9),
1657-1662.

**Hoge, F.E., C.W. Wright,** **P.E. Lyon,** **R.N. Swift,** and **J.K.
Yungel,** 1999: Satellite retrieval of inherent optical properties by
inversion of an oceanic radiance model: a preliminary algorithm. *Appl.
Opt.*, **38** (3), 495-504.

**Huang, N.E.,** Z. Shen, and **S.R. Long,** 1999: A new view of
nonlinear water waves: the Hilbert spectrum. *Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech*.,
**31,** 417-457.

Huang, W., Z. Shen, **N.E. Huang,** and Y.C. Fung, 1999: Nonlinear
indicial response of complex nonstationary oscillations as pulmonary
hypertension responding to step hypoxia. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA*,
**96**, 1834-1839.

Kerman, B., P. Wadhams, N. Davis, and **J. Comiso,** 1999: Informational
equivalence between synthetic aperture radar imagery and the thickness
of Arctic pack ice. *J. Geophys. Res*., **104** (C12), 29,721-29,731.

**Le Vine, D.M.,** 1999: Synthetic aperture radiometer systems. *IEEE
Trans. Microw. Theory Tech*., **47** (12), 2228-2236.

Massom, R.A., **J.C. Comiso,** A.P. Worby, V.I. Lytle, and **L. Stock,**
1999: Regional classes of sea ice cover in the East Antarctic pack
observed from satellite and *in situ* data during a winter time period.
*Remote Sens. Environ.,* **68** (1), 61-76.

Quilfen, Y., B. Chapron, A. Bentamy, J, Gourrion, T. El Fouhaily, and
**D. Vandemark,** 1999: Global ERS 1 and 2 and NSCAT observations:
upwind/crosswind and upwind/downwind measurements*. J. Geophys. Res*.,
**104** (C5), 11,459-11,469.

**Riggs, G.A., D.K. Hall,** and S.A. Ackerman, 1999: Sea ice extent and
classification mapping with the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator. *Remote Sens. Environ*., **68**
(2), 152-163.

Scambos, T.A., G. Kvaran, **M.A. Fahnestock,** 1999: Improving AVHRR
resolution through data cumulation for mapping polar ice sheets. *Remote
Sens. Environ.,* **69** (1) 56-66.

Sicard, M., P.R. Spyak, G. Brogniez, M. Legrand, N.K. Abuhassan, **C.
Pietras,** and J.-P. Buis, 1999: Thermal-infrared field radiometer for
vicarious cross-calibration: characterization and comparisons with other
field instruments. *Opt. Eng*., **38** (2), 345-356.

**Tait, A.B., D.K. Hall, J.L. Foster,** and **A.T.C. Chang,** 1999: High
frequency passive microwave radiometry over a snow-covered surface in
Alaska. *Photogram. Engr. Remote Sens*., **65** (6), 689-695.

**Tait, A., D. Hall, J. Foster**, **A. Chang,** and A. Klein, 1999:
Detection of snow cover using millimeter-wave imaging radiometer (MIR)
data. *Remote Sens. Environ*., **68** (1), 53-60.

Toudal, L., K.Q. Hansen, H. Valeur, P. Wadhams, E. Aldworth, and **J.C.
Comiso,** 1999: Mapping of ice in the Odden by satellite and airborne
remote sensing. *Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II*, **46** (6-7), 1255-1274.

Vinnikov, K.Y., A. Robock, A. Qiu, **J.K. Entin, M. Owe, B.J.
Choudhury,** S.E. Hollinger, and E.G. Njoku, 1999: Satellite remote
sensing of soil moisture in Illinois, United States. *J. Geophys. Res*.,
**104** (D4), 4145-4168.

**Wang, M.,** 1999: A sensitivity study of the SeaWiFS atmospheric
correction algorithm: effects of spectral band variations. *Remote Sens.
Environ*., **67**, 348-359.

**Wang, M.,** 1999: Atmospheric correction of ocean color sensors:
computing atmospheric diffuse transmittance. *Appl. Opt*., **38** (6),
451-455.

**Wang, M.,** 1999: Validation study of the SeaWiFS oxygen A-band
absorption correction: comparing the retrieved cloud optical thicknesses
from SeaWiFS measurements. *Appl. Opt*., **38** (6), 937-944.

Zibordi, G., J.P. Doyle, **S.B. Hooker,** 1999: Offshore tower shading
effects on in-water optical measurements. *J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech*.,
**16** (11), 1767-1779, Part 2.

 

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

 

**Abdalati, W.,** (Ed.), 1999: Program for Arctic Regional Climate
Assessment (PARCA)*. NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209205*, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, April 1999, 94 pp.

**Abdalati, W.,** J. Box, and K. Steffen, 1999: Interpreting
aircraft-derived ice sheet elevation changes using climate station data.
*NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209205*, **W. Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, April 1999, 71-73.

**Barnes, R.A., R.E. Eplee, Jr.,** S.F. Biggar, K.J. Thome, E.F.
Zalewski, P.N. Slater, and A.W. Holmes, 1999: The SeaWiFS solar
radiation-based calibration and the transfer-to-orbit experiment*. NASA
Tech. Memo. 1999-206892, Vol 5*, **S.B. Hooker** and **E.R. Firestone,**
Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, June 1999,
28 pp.

Bosilovich, M.G., **P.R. Houser,** A. Molod, and S. Nebuda, 1999: A
comparison of FIFE observations with GEOS assimilation data including a
heterogeneous land-surface model. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American
Meteroological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 283-284.

Chang, D.-E., **J.A. Weinman,** and **C.A.Morales,** 1999: Precipitation
distribution from microwave and sferics data and a mesoscale weather
prediction model. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **4**, Hamburg, Germany, June
28-July 2, 1999, 2072-2074.

**Chauhan, N.,** **D. Le Vine,** and R. Lang, 1999: Passive and active
microwave remote sensing of soil moisture under a forest canopy. *Proc.
IGARSS \'99*, **4**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 1914-1916.

Chen, C.-T., L. Tsang, **A.T.C. Chang,** and K.-H. Ding, 1999:
Scattering by densely distributed moderate size particles with size
distribution and applications to snow. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **5**,
Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 2431-2433.

Craeye, C., P.W. Sobieski, **L.F. Bliven,** 1999: Radar signature of the
sea surface perturbed by rain. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **1**, Hamburg,
Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 206-208.

Csathó, B., C. Kim, J. Bolzan, and **R. Thomas,** 1999: Development of
Greenland GIS Database System (GGDS). *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209205*,
**W. Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, April 1999, 80-84.

Dirmeyer, P.A., F.J. Zeng, A. Ducharne, **R.D. Koster,** and J.C.
Morrill, 1999: Sensitivity of surface fluxes to soil water content in
three land surface schemes. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, Aerican
Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 225-227.

Dobosy, R.J., T.L. Crawford, **D.C. Vandemark,** and C.A. Vogel, 1999:
\"Measurement of ocean surface in shoaling zones by laser array and
Ka-band radar.\" In*: Proc. Fourth Inter. Airborne Remote Sens. Conf.
and Exhibition*, Ottawa, Canada, 21-24 June 1999, **1**, 66-73.

Elfouhaily, T., D. Thompson, **D. Vandemark,** and B. Chapron**,** 1999:
Short waves in the electromagnetic bias theories. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*,
**2**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 989-901.

Elliott, R.L., **P.R. Houser,** and B.P. Mohanty, 1999: Inter-comparison
of three methods for measuring soil moisture during SGP97. *Proc. 14^th^
Conf. Hydrol.*, American Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January
10-15, 1999, 178-181.

**Fargion, G.S.,** 1999: \"SIMBIOS Program and Project goals.\" In:
SIMBIOS Project 1998 Annual Report, *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-208645,*
**C.R. McClain and G.S. Fargion,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, March 1999, 4-6.

**Fargion, G.S.,** 1999: \"SIMBIOS: NRA contracts.\" In: SIMBIOS Project
1998 Annual Report, *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-208645,* **C.R. McClain and
G.S. Fargion,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, March 1999, 7-10.

Graham, S., **C. Parkinson,** and M. Comberiate, 1999: NASA\'s Resolute
Bay/North Pole 1999 expedition: communications, science, and cultural
exchanges*.* In: *The Earth Observer*, M. King, Ed., NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, **11** (2), March/April 1999, 20-23.

**Gregg, W.W.,** 1999: \"Merging ocean color data from multiple
missions.\" In: SIMBIOS Project 1998 Annual Report, *NASA Tech. Memo.
1999-208645,* **C.R. McClain and G.S. Fargion**, Eds., NASA, Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, March 1999, 61-62.

**Hall, D.K**., S. Li, A.W. Nolin, and J.C. Shi, 1999: Pre-launch
validation activities for the MODIS snow and sea ice algorithms*.* In:
*The Earth Observer*, M. King, Ed., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Maryland, **11** (4), July/August 1999, 31-35.

**Hancock, D.W., III**, 1999: ICESat (GLAS) science processing software
document series: science software management plan. *NASA Tech. Memo.
1999-208641/Ver3/Vol.1*, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, February 1999, 125 pp.

**Hooker, S.B.,** G.Zibordi, G. Lazin, and S. McLean, 1999: The
SeaBOARR-98 field campaign. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-206892, Vol. 3*,
**S.B. Hooker** and **E.R. Firestone,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, March 1999, 40 pp.

**Houser, P.R.,** and B.P. Mohanty, 1999: The spatial-temporal structure
of U.S. southern Great Plains soil moisture: an analysis of in-situ
profile observations. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American
Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 153-156.

**Houser, P.R.,** R. Yang, M. Bosilovich, A. Molod, and S. Nebuda, 1999:
Spin-up time scales of the Off-line Land Surface GEOS Assimilation
(OLGA) System. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American Meteorological
Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 281-282.

**Hsu, A.Y.,** and T.J. Jackson, 1999: Comparison of surface soil
moisture derived from sensors with different spatial resolutions. *Proc.
14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas,
January 10-15, 1999, 147-148.

**Hsu, A.Y.,** T.J. Jackson, and **O\'Neill, P.E.,** 1999: Comparison of
ESTAR and SSM/I derived soil moisture. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **4**,
Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 1911-1913.

Hsu, M.-K. and **A.K. Liu,** 1999: Nonlinear internal waves in the South
China Sea. *Proc. 9^th^ Inter. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf.*, *Vol.
III*, J.S. Chung, M. Olagnon, C.H. Kim, and A. Francescutto, Eds.,
Brest, France, May 30-June 4, 1999, 175-180.

Hwang, P.A., **E.J. Walsh, W.B. Krabill, W. Wright,** and **R.N.
Swift,** 1999: Spatial distribution of breaking waves: an airborne
measurement technique. *Proc. 9^th^ Inter. Offshore and Polar Eng.
Conf.*, *Vol. III*, J.S. Chung, M. Olagnon, C.H. Kim, and
A.Francescutto, Eds., Brest, France, May 30-June 4, 1999, 213-216.

**Jester, P.L.,** and **D.W. Hancock, III,** 1999: ICESat (GLAS) science
processing software document series: science data management plan. *NASA
Tech. Memo. 1999-208641/Ver4/Vol. 2*, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Maryland, July 1999, 62 pp.

Johnson, B.C., E.E. Early, **R.E. Eplee, Jr., R.A. Barnes,** and
R.T.Caffrey, 1999: The 1997 prelaunch radiometric calibration of
SeaWiFS. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-206892, Vol. 4*, **S.B. Hooker** and
**E.R. Firestone,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, April 1999, 51 pp.

Johnson, B.C., H.W. Yoon, S.S. Bruce, P.-S. Shaw, A. Thompson**, S.B.
Hooker, R.A. Barnes, R.E. Eplee, Jr., S. Maritorena,** and J.L. Mueller,
1999: The Fifth SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment
(SIRREX-5), July 1996. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-206892, Vol. 7*, **S.B.
Hooker** and **E.R. Firestone,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, October 1999, 75 pp.

Joughin, I., R. Kwok, **M. Fahnestock,** and D. MacAyeal**,** 1999: Ice
flow in the north east Greenland ice stream*. NASA Tech. Memo.
1999-209205*, **W. Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Maryland, 16-19, April 1999, 16-19.

Judge, J., A.W. England, W. Crosson, C. Laymon, **P.E. O\'Neill,** B.K.
Hornbuckle, D.L. Boprie, C. O\'Kray, and **E.J. Kim,** 1999: A
point-scale LSP/R model for winter wheat stubble within the region of
SGP \'97. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American Meteorological Society,
Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 153-156.

Klein, A.G., **D.K. Hall,** and K. Seidel, 1999: Algorithm
intercomparison for accuracy assessment of the MODIS snow-mapping
algorithm. 55*^th^ Eastern Snow Conf.,* Jackson, New Hampshire, June
2-3, 1998, 37-45.

**Koblinsky, C.J.,** R.D. Ray, **B.D. Beckley,** **A. Brenner,** L.S.
Tsaoussi, and Y.-M. Wang, 1999: NASA ocean altimeter pathfinder project
report 2: data set validation. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209230*, NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, June 1999, 63 pp.

**Koblinsky, C.J.,** R. Ray, **B.D. Beckley,** Y.-M. Wang, L. Tsaoussi,
**A. Brenner,** and R. Williamson, 1999: NASA ocean altimeter Pathfinder
project report 1: Data processing handbook. *NASA Tech. Memo.
1998-208605*, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,
April 1999, 55 pp.

**Krabill, W.B., E. Frederick, S. Manizade, C. Martin, J. Sonntag, R.
Swift, R. Thomas, W. Wright,** and **J. Yungel,** 1999. Airborne
resurveys of the Southern Greenland Ice Sheet. *NASA Tech. Memo.
1999-209205*, **W. Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Maryland, April 1999, 22-24.

Kurekin, A.A., V.V. Lukin, A.A. Zelensky, O.V. Tsymbal, G.P. Kulemin,
and **E.T. Engman,** 1999: Processing multichannel radar images by
modified vector sigma filter for soil erosion degree determination.
*Proc. SPIE 3868*, The Int. Soc. for Opt. Eng., Florence, Italy,
September 20-24, 1999, 412-423.

**Liu, A.K.,** **S.Y. Wu,** G.H. Leonard, and M.-K. Hsu, 1999:
Applications of satellite data for coast monitoring. *Proc. 9^th^ Inter.
Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf.*, *Vol. I*, J.S. Chung, M. Olagnon, C.H.
Kim, and A. Francescutto, Eds., Brest, France, May 30-June 4, 1999,
434-440.

**McClain, C.R.,** 1999: \"SIMBIOS background.\" In: SIMBIOS Project
1998 Annual Report*, NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-208645*, **C.R. McClain** and
**G.S. Fargion,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, March 1999, 1-3.

**McClain, C.R.,** and **G.S. Fargion,** 1999: SIMBIOS Project 1998
Annual Report. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-208645*, **C.R. McClain** and
**G.S. Fargion,** Eds., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Maryland, March 1999, 105 pp.

Mohanty, B.P., **P.R. Houser,** P.J. Shouse, and M. T. van Genuchten,
1999: Soil moisture content at deeper depths-SGP97, Oklahoma. *Proc.
14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas,
January 10-15, 1999, 141-141.

Molod, A., S. Nebuda, M.G. Bosilovich, **P.R. Houser,** and R. Yang,
1999: The impact of the Mosaic Land Surface Model on the climate of the
GEOS Data Assimilation System. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American
Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 280.

Nebuda, S., A. Molod, M. Bosilovich, **P. Houser,** and R. Yang, 1999:
Interaction of predicted soil moisture with the GEOS data assimilation
system moist physics parameterizations. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*,
American Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999,
277-279.

**O\'Neill, P.E., A.Y. Hsu,** and T.J. Jackson, 1999: Comparison between
SLMR and ESTAR soil moisture retrieval in SGP97. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*,
**4**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 1908-1910.

**Owe, M.,** R. de Jeu, and A. Van de Griend, 1999: Estimates of long
term surface soil moisture in the midwestern U.S. derived from satellite
microwave observations*,* In: Remote Sensing for Earth Science, Ocean,
and Sea Ice Applications, G. Cecchi, **E.T. Engman,** and E. Zilioli,
Eds., Proc. SPIE, **3868**, Florence, Italy, September 20-24, 1999,
16-23.

**Owe, M.,** and A.A. Van de Griend, 1999: Surface moisture monitoring
by passive microwave techniques in semi-arid environments. In:
*Monitoring for groundwater management in (semi-) arid regions*, Dr.
H.A.J. van Lanen, Ed., UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France, 201-224.

Palm, S.P., G.K. Schwemmer, **D. Vandemark,** K. Evans, and D.O. Miller,
1999: \"The estimation of surface latent heat flux over the ocean and
its relationship to Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL)
structure.\" In: Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics III,
A.J. Sedlacek and K.W. Fischer, Eds., *Proc. SPIE* **3757**, 22 July
1999, Denver, Colorado, 178-189.

**Parkinson, C.L.,** and D.D. Herring, 1999: EOS PM Science Working
Group meeting minutes*.* In: *The Earth Observer*, M. King, Ed., NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, September/October
1999, 3-7.

Pichel, W., P. Clemente-Colon, K. Friedman, X. Li, C. Wackerman, R.
Beal, F. Monaldo, W. Tseng, **A. Liu,** and **S. Wu,** 1999: NOAA Coast
Watch RADARSAT SAR coastal monitoring applications demonstration. *Proc.
IGARSS \'99*, **5**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 2352-2354.

Rosenqvist, Å., **C.M. Birkett,** E. Bartholomé, G. De Grandi, 1999:
Using satellite altimetry and historical gauge data for validation of
the hydrological significance of the JERS-1 SAR (GRFM) mosaic in central
Africa. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **5**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2,
1999, 2754-2758.

**Schmidlin, F.J.,** 1999: Temperature variability associated with the
Middle Atmosphere Electrodynamics (MAE-1) Campaign. *Proc. 14^th^ ESA
Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related
Research*, Potsdam, Germany, (ESA SP-437), May 31-June 3, 1999, 269-274.

**Schmidlin, F.J.,** and R.A. Goldberg, 1999: Meteorological
measurements for the scientific study of the mesosphere during
MALTED/GUARA. *Proc. 14^th^ ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon
Programmes and Related Research*, Potsdam, Germany, (ESA SP-437), May
31-June 3, 1999, 405-410.

**Shuman, C.A.,** and **R.A. Bindschadler,** 1999: Interdisciplinary
determination of ice sheet accumulation patterns: combined atmospheric
modeling and field and remote sensing studies. *NASA Tech. Memo.
1999-209205*, **W. Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Maryland, April 1999, 60-62.

Sun, J., L. Mahrt, D. Vickers, J. Wong, T. Crawford, C. Vogel, E. Dumas,
P. Mourad, and **D. Vandemark,** 1999: Air-sea interaction in the
coastal shoaling zone. In: 13^th^ Symposium on Boundary Layers and
Turbulence, AMS, 10-15 January, 1999, Dallas, TX, 343-345.

**Takahashi, N.,** and **R. Meneghini,** 1999: Comparison of calculation
methods for drop size distribution with a ground based dual-wavelength
dual-polarization radar. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **1**, Hamburg, Germany,
June 28-July 2, 1999, 708-710.

**Thomas, R.,** 1999: Introduction to: Program for Arctic Regional
Climate Assessment (PARCA)*. NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209205*, **W.
Abdalati,** Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,
April 1999, 3-5.

**Thomas, R.,** and B. Csathó, 1999: Mass balance of the north and east
sides of the ice sheet. *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-209205*, **W. Abdalati,**
Ed., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, April 1999,
38-41.

**Toll, D.L., M. Owe, J. Foster,** and E. Levine, 1999: Monitoring
seasonally frozen soils using passive microwave satellite data and
simulation modeling. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **2**, Hamburg, Germany, June
28-July 2, 1999, 1149-1151.

Tsegaye, T.D., A. Fahsi, T.L. Coleman, **P.E. O\'Neill,** R.H. Lang, and
J.J. Petrella, 1999: The temporal pattern of radar backscatter and soil
moisture distribution under bare and vegetated plots. *Proc. ASPRS*,
Portland, Oregon, May 17-21, 1999, 766-773.

Tsegaye, T., R. Inguva, R.H. Lang**, P.E. O\'Neill,** A. Fahsi, T.L.
Coleman, W. Tadesse, N. Rajbhandari, S.A. Aburemie, and P. de Matthaeis,
1999: \"Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture with vegetation
effect,\" In: Remote sensing for Earth science, ocean, and sea ice
applications, G. Cecchi, **E.T. Engman,** and E. Zilioli, Eds., *Proc.
SPIE,* **3868**, Florence, Italy, September 20-24, 1999, 36-47.

**Vandemark, D.,** T. Crawford, R. Dobosy, T. Elfouhaily, and B.
Chapron, 1999: Sea surface slope statistics from a low-altitude
aircraft. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **1**, Hamburg, Germany, June 28-July 2,
1999, 381-383.

**Vandemark, D.,** P. Mourad, T. Crawford, C. Vogel, and J. Sun, 1999:
Measured correlation between roll-vortex signatures and radar-inferred
sea surface roughness. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **5**, Hamburg, Germany,
June 28-July 2, 1999, 2736-2738.

**Walsh, E.J., D. Vandemark, C.W. Wright, R.N. Swift, J.F. Scott,** and
**D.E. Hines,** 1999: Measuring directional wave spectra and wind speed
with a scanning radar altimeter. *Proc. IGARSS \'99*, **3**, Hamburg,
Germany, June 28-July 2, 1999, 1860-1862.

**Wang, M., B. Franz, A. Isaacman, C. Pietras,** B. Schieber**, P.
Smith,** T. Riley, **G. Feldman**, and **S. Bailey,** 1999: \"SIMBIOS
Project activities (1997-1998)\", In: SIMBIOS Project 1998 Annual
Report, *NASA Tech. Memo. 1999-208645,* **C.R. McClain and G.S.
Fargion,** NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, March
1999, 11-31.

**Weinman, J.A.,** **C.A. Morales,** J.S. Kriz, and S.J. Goodman, 1999:
Long range thunderstorm distributions continuously observed by means of
ground based sferics measurements. *Proc. 8^th^ Conf. Aviation, Range
and Aerospace Meteorology*, American Meteorological Society, Dallas,
Texas, January 10-15, 1999, P 8.16.

Yang, R., **P.R. Houser,** and J. Joiner, 1999: Comparisons of surface
ground temperature from satellite observations and the off-line land
surface GEOS Assimilation System. *Proc. 14^th^ Conf. Hydrol.*, American
Meteorological Society, Dallas, Texas, January 10-15, 1999, 55.