System Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan

(SSEPP)

\[Transit Agency Name\]

Date:

Revision:

SSEPP Program Plan Revision History

  ---------- --------------- --------------------------------------------
  **Date**   **Revision**    **Description of Change**

  4-18-02    0               Initial SSEPP

                             

                             

                             

                             
  ---------- --------------- --------------------------------------------

Reference Documents

The following are resources used to develop the policies and procedures
documented in this SSEP Program Plan:

Title: **Transit System Security Program Planning Guide**

Author(s): John Balog and Anne Schwarz

Year: 1994

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-01

DOT Number: FTA-MA-90-7001-94-1

NTIS Number: PB94-161973

Available:
[http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov](http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov/)

Title: **Transit Security Handbook**

Author(s): Annabelle Boyd and James Caton

Year: 1998

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-98-03

DOT Number: FTA-MA-90-9007-98-1

NTIS Number: PB98-157761

Available:
[http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov](http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov/)

Title: **Critical Incident Management Guidelines**

Authors: Annabelle Boyd and James Caton

Year: 1998

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-98-05

DOT Number: FTA-MA-26-7009-98-1

Available:
[http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov](http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov/)

Title: **Transit Security Procedures Guide**

Author(s): John Balog and Anne Schwarz

Year: 1996

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-08

DOT Number: FTA-MA-90-7001-94-2 9

Available:
[http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov](http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov/)

Title: **Emergency Preparedness for Transit Terrorism**

Authors: Annabelle Boyd and John P. Sullivan

Year: 1997

Sponsoring Agency: Transportation Research Board

Report Number Transit Cooperative Research Program Synthesis Number 27

Web site: http://nationalacademies.org/trb/publications/tcrp/tsyn27.pdf

Title: **Perspectives on Transit Security in the 1990s: Strategies for
Success**

Author(s): Annabelle Boyd and Patricia Maier

Year: 1996

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-96-02

DOT Number: FTA-MA-90-7006-96-01

NTIS Number: PB96-185871

Available: http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov

Title: **Transit Security in the 90\'s**

Author(s): Kathryn Powell and Annabelle Boyd

Year: 1996

Sponsoring Agency: Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Keywords: Local transit-Security measures

Volpe Report #: DOT-VNTSC-FTA-96-11

DOT Number: FTA-MA-26-9009-97-01

NTIS Number: PB97-146989

Available: http://www.transit-safety.dot.gov

Title: **Protecting Surface Transportation Systems and Patrons from
Terrorist Activities -- Volume One**

Author: Brian Michael Jenkins

Year: January 1997

Sponsoring Agency: San Jose University, Mineta International Institute
for Surface Transportation Policy Studies

Report Number: IISTPS 97-4

Full text available at:
http://www.transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/terrorism/Protect.htm

Title: **Protecting Surface Transportation Systems Against Terrorism and
Serious Crime -- 2001 Update**

Author: Brian Michael Jenkins

Year: October 2001

Sponsoring Agency: San Jose University, Mineta International Institute
for Surface Transportation Policy Studies

Report Number: IISTPS 01-7

Full text available at:
http://www.transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/terrorism/Protect.htm

Title: **Improving Transit Security**

Authors: Jerome A. Needle and Renee M. Cobb, J.D,

Year: 1997

Sponsoring Agency: Transportation Research Board

Report Number Transit Cooperative Research Program Synthesis Number 21

Web site:
<http://nationalacademies.org/trb/publications/tcrp/tsyn21.pdf>

Glossary of Terms

Emergency: A situation which is life threatening to passengers,
employees, or other interested citizens or which causes damage to any
transit vehicle or facility or results in the significant theft of
services and reduces the ability of the system to fulfill its mission.

Fatality: A transit-caused death that occurs within 30 days of the
transit incident.

Injury: Any physical damage or harm to a person that requires immediate
medical attention and hospitalization.

Safety: Freedom from danger.

Security: Freedom from intentional danger

Security breach: An unforeseen event or occurrence that endangers life
or property and may result in the loss of services or system equipment.

Security incident: An unforeseen event or occurrence that does not
necessarily result in death, injury, or significant property damage but
may result in minor loss of revenue.

Security threat: Any source that may result in a security breach, such
as vandal or disgruntled employee; or an activity, such as an assault,
intrusion, fire, etc.

System: A composite of people (employees, passengers, others), property
(facilities and equipment), environment (physical, social,
institutional), and procedures (standard operating, emergency operating,
and training) which are integrated to perform a specific operational
function in a specific environment.

System security: The application of operating, technical, and management
techniques and principles to the security aspects of a system throughout
its life to reduce threats and vulnerabilities to the most practical
level through the most effective use of available resources.

System security

management: An element of management that defines the system security
requirements and ensures the planning, implementation, and
accomplishments of system security tasks and activities.

System security

program: The combined tasks and activities of system security management
and system security analysis that enhance operational effectiveness by
satisfying the security requirements in a timely and cost-effective
manner through all phases of a system life cycle.

Threat: Any real or potential condition that can cause injury or death
to passengers or employees or damage to or loss of transit equipment,
property, and/or facilities.

Threat analysis: A systematic analysis of a system operation performed
to identify threats and make recommendations for their elimination or
mitigation during all revenue and non revenue operation.

Threat probability: The probability a threat will occur during the
plan\'s life. Threat probability may be expressed in quantitative or
qualitative terms. An example of a threat-probability ranking system is
as follows: (a)frequent, (b) probable, (c) occasional, (d) remote, (e)
improbable, and (f) impossible.

Threat resolution: The analysis and subsequent action taken to reduce
the risks associated with an identified threat to the lowest practical
level.

Threat severity: A qualitative measure of the worst possible
consequences of a specific threat:

-   **Category 1 - Catastrophic**. May cause death or loss of a
    significant component of the transit system, or significant
    financial loss.

-   **Category 2 - Critical.** May cause severe injury, severe illness,
    major transit system damage, or major financial loss.

-   **Category 3 - Marginal**. May cause minor injury or transit system
    damage, or financial loss.

-   **Category 4 - Negligible**. Will not result in injury, system
    damage, or financial loss.

Unsafe condition

or act: Any condition or act that endangers life or property.

Vulnerability: Characteristics of passengers, employees, vehicles,
and/or facilities that increase the probability of a security breach.

Table of Contents

[Section 1: Introduction to System Security and Emergency Preparedness
1](#__RefHeading___Toc5953777)

[1.1 Background 2](#background)

[1.2 Authority 2](#authority)

[1.3 Purpose, Goals and Objectives of SSEP Program
3](#purpose-goals-and-objectives-of-ssep-program)

[1.3.1 Purpose 4](#purpose)

[1.3.2 Goals 4](#goals)

[1.3.3 Objectives 4](#objectives)

[1.4 Scope 5](#scope)

[Section 2: Transit System Description 6](#__RefHeading___Toc5953785)

[2.1 Organizational Structure 7](#organizational-structure)

[2.2 Operating Characteristics and Service
8](#operating-characteristics-and-service)

[2.2.1 Service Area 8](#service-area)

[2.2.2 Service Design 8](#service-design)

[2.3 Vehicles and Facilities 9](#vehicles-and-facilities)

[2.4 Measures of Service 10](#measures-of-service)

[Section 3: SSEP Program Roles and Responsibilities
11](#__RefHeading___Toc5953792)

[3.1 Philosophy 12](#philosophy)

[3.2 Division of Responsibilities 12](#division-of-responsibilities)

[3.2.1 All Personnel 12](#all-personnel)

[3.2.2 Executive Director 13](#executive-director)

[3.2.3 SSEP Program Point of Contact (POC)
13](#ssep-program-point-of-contact-poc)

[3.2.4 Vehicle Accident Prevention Committee (VAP)
14](#vehicle-accident-prevention-committee-vap)

[3.2.5 Supervisors 15](#supervisors)

[3.2.6 Drivers 16](#drivers)

[3.2.7 Other Personnel 16](#other-personnel)

[3.3 Responsibility Matrices 17](#responsibility-matrices)

[3.3.1 System Security Matrix 19](#system-security-matrix)

[3.3.2 Emergency Preparedness Matrix 20](#emergency-preparedness-matrix)

[3.4 Existing SSEP Capabilities and Practices
21](#existing-ssep-capabilities-and-practices)

[3.5 Training and Exercising 22](#training-and-exercising)

[3.6 Coordination with Local Public Safety Agencies
22](#coordination-with-local-public-safety-agencies)

[3.7 Coordination with Other Transit Agencies
22](#coordination-with-other-transit-agencies)

[Section 4: Threat and Vulnerability Resolution Process
23](#__RefHeading___Toc5953809)

[4.1 Threat and Vulnerability Identification
24](#threat-and-vulnerability-identification)

[4.2 Threat and Vulnerability Assessment
25](#threat-and-vulnerability-assessment)

[Section 5: Evaluation and Modification of the SSEPP
28](#__RefHeading___Toc5953812)

[5.1 Evaluation 29](#evaluation)

[5.1.1 Internal 29](#internal)

[5.1.2 External 29](#external)

[5.2 Modification and Update 29](#modification-and-update)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc5953777 .anchor}Section 1: Introduction to System
Security and Emergency Preparedness

1.1 Background

1.2 Authority

1.3 Purpose, Goals, Objectives

1.4 Scope

## 1.1 Background

The terrible tragedy of September 11, combined with nation's continuing
war on terrorism, has created a heightened threat environment for public
transportation. In this new environment, the vulnerabilities of public
agencies and the communities they serve to acts of terrorism and extreme
violence have greatly increased. Threat assessments issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have consistently placed public
transportation at the top of the *critical infrastructure protection
agenda*, along with airports, nuclear power plants, and major utility
exchanges on the national power grid.

 

To establish the importance of security and emergency preparedness in
all aspects of our organization, \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] has
developed this System Security and Emergency Preparedness (SSEP) Program
Plan. This SSEP Program Plan outlines the process to be used by \[NAME
OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] to make informed decisions that are appropriate for
our operations, passengers, employees and communities regarding the
development and implementation of a comprehensive security and emergency
preparedness program.

 

As a result of this program, \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] hopes to achieve
not only an effective physical security program, but also to enhance our
coordination with the local public safety agencies in our service area.
Improved communication will increase their awareness of our resources
and capabilities, and improve our readiness to support their efforts to
manage community-wide emergencies.

 

In order to be effective, the activities documented in this SSEP Program
Plan focus on establishing responsibilities for security and emergency
preparedness, identifying our methodology for documenting and analyzing
potential security and emergency preparedness issues, and developing the
management system through which we can track monitor our progress in
resolving these issues.

## 1.2 Authority

The authority for implementing the SSEP Program Plan resides with the
\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] Executive Director and the \[NAME OF COUNTY
TRANSIT BOARD\] OR \[INSERT OTHER ORGANIZATION\].

 

This SSEP Program Plan has been developed in cooperation with the Ohio
Department of Transportation (ODOT), Office of Transit's *System
Security and Emergency Preparedness Training and Technical Assistance
Program*. This Program supports our efforts to address requests from the
Governor of the State of Ohio and the Administrator of the Federal
Transit Administration (FTA) to review our current levels of protection
and to integrate security and emergency preparedness more fully into our
operations.

## 1.3 Purpose, Goals and Objectives of SSEP Program

This Program demonstrates our process for addressing *system security
and emergency preparedness*:

**System Security --** The application of operating, technical, and
management techniques and principles to the security aspects of a system
throughout its life to reduce threats and vulnerabilities to the most
practical level through the most effective use of available resources.

**Emergency Preparedness --** A uniform basis for operating policies and
procedures for mobilizing transit agency and other public safety
resources to assure rapid, controlled, and predictable responses to
various types of transit and community emergencies.

The SSEP Program will support \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s efforts to
address and resolve critical incidents on our property and within our
community.

**Critical Incidents --** may include accidents, natural disasters,
crimes, terrorism, sabotage, civil unrest, hazardous materials spills
and other events that require emergency response. Critical incidents
require swift, decisive action from multiple organizations, often under
stressful conditions. Critical incidents must be stabilized prior to the
resumption of regular service or activities.

Critical incidents often result from emergencies and disasters, but can
be caused by any number of circumstances or events. Successful
resolution of critical incidents requires the cooperative efforts of
both public transportation and community emergency planning and public
safety agencies.

\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] has established criteria for a critical
incident:

+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Element of Definition**       | **Agency Threshold**               |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Service Interruption            | Inability to provide service       |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Duration of Interruption        | 2 hours (system-wide)              |
|                                 |                                    |
|                                 | 24 hours (single route)            |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Injuries and Fatalities         | 2 or more injuries requiring       |
|                                 | hospitalization                    |
|                                 |                                    |
|                                 | 1 or more fatalities               |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Dollar Amount of Property       | \> \$10,000                        |
| Damage                          |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+

## 1.3.1 Purpose {#purpose .Heading-three}

The overall purpose of \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s SSEP Program is to
optimize \-- within the constraints of time, cost, and operational
effectiveness \-- the level of protection afforded to \[NAME OF TRANSIT
AGENCY\]'s passengers, employees, volunteers and contractors, and any
other individuals who come into contact with the system, both during
normal operations and under emergency conditions.

## 1.3.2 Goals {#goals .Heading-three}

The SSEP Program provides \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] with a security and
emergency preparedness capability that will:

1.  Ensure that security and emergency preparedness are addressed during
    all phases of system operation, including the hiring and training of
    agency personnel; the procurement and maintenance of agency
    equipment; the development agency policies, rules, and procedures;
    and coordination with local public safety and community emergency
    planning agencies

2.  Promote analysis tools and methodologies to encourage safe system
    operation through the identification, evaluation and resolution of
    threats and vulnerabilities, and the on-going assessment of agency
    capabilities and readiness

3.  Create a culture that supports employee safety and security and safe
    system operation (during normal and emergency conditions) through
    motivated compliance with agency rules and procedures and the
    appropriate use and operation of equipment

## 1.3.3 Objectives  {#objectives .Heading-three}

In this new environment, every threat cannot be identified and resolved,
but \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] can take steps to be more aware, to
better protect passengers, employees, facilities and equipment, and to
stand ready to support community needs in response to a major event. To
this end, our SSEP Program has five objectives:

 

1.  Achieve a level of security performance and emergency readiness that
    meets or exceeds the operating experience of similarly-sized
    agencies around the nation

2.  Increase and strengthen community involvement and participation in
    the safety and security of our system

3.  Develop and implement a vulnerability assessment program, and based
    on the results of this program, establish a course of action for
    improving physical security measures and emergency response
    capabilities

4.  Expand our training program for employees, volunteers and
    contractors to address security awareness and emergency management
    issues

5.  Enhance our coordination with ODOT's Office of Transit regarding
    security and emergency preparedness issues

## 1.4 Sco**p**e

\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s SSEP Program Plan is applicable to all
aspects of our current service, ensuring that our operations, training,
coordination with local public safety agencies, and general security and
emergency preparedness planning address concerns resulting from
heightened threat levels. Key elements of the SCOPE of our SSEP Program
Plan include:

1.  An evaluation of our current capabilities to identify and prevent
    security incidents that may occur on our property

2.  Development of a Vulnerability Assessment Program to identify our
    weaknesses and guide planning activities

3.  Improved Physical Security

4.  Review and expansion of our training program for security and
    emergency response

5.  Enhanced emergency planning and procedures development

6.  Improved coordination with the Public Safety Agencies in our service
    area

7.  Improved coordination with ODOT, Office of Transit

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc5953785 .anchor}Section 2: Transit System
Description

2.1 Organizational Structure

2.2 Operating Characteristics and Service

2.3 Vehicles and Facilities

2.4 Measures of Service

## 2.1 Organizational Structure

\[Insert org chart if available\]

\[Identify Name(s), Title(s) and placement within the organization for
management and other personnel and identify the structure of the agency,
including employees, volunteers, and contractors\]

## 2.2 Operating Characteristics and Service

## 2.2.1 Service Area {#service-area .Heading-three}

\[Describe service area, including geographic boundaries and unique
features\]

## 2.2.2 Service Design {#service-design .Heading-three}

\[Identify type(s) of service\* provided\]

\*for example:

-   Fixed Route

-   Demand Response

-   Route Deviation

-   Checkpoint Service

-   Zone Service

-   Vanpooling

-   Carpooling/Rideshare

-   Taxi Service

-   Other

## 2.3 Vehicles and Facilities

\[Identify and describe vehicles and facilities (system elements) used
by transit agency to provide service\]

\[In addition to the description of service vehicles and facilities,
provide information regarding internal and external security attributes
of the identified system elements (e.g., silent alarm buttons, fencing,
lighting, burglar and intrusion detection systems, CCTV, etc.)

## 2.4 Measures of Service

\[Identify key measures\* of service for agency\]

\*for example:

-   Mode of Service: Demand Response

-   Total Vehicles: 6

-   Total Trips: 30,693

-   Total Expenses: \$150,929

-   Revenue Vehicle Miles: 92,021

-   Revenue Vehicle Hours: 7,119

-   Cost per Trip: \$6.09

-   Cost per Mile: \$2.36

-   Cost per Hour: \$25.80

-   Passengers per Revenue Mile: 0.49

-   Passengers per Revenue Hour: 5.02

  --------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  **Measure of Service**            **Indicator**

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    

                                    
  --------------------------------- -------------------------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc5953792 .anchor}Section 3: SSEP Program Roles and
Responsibilities

3.1 Philosophy

3.2 Roles and Responsibilities

3.3 Responsibility Matrices

3.4 Existing SSEP Capabilities and Practices

3.5 Training and Exercising

3.6 Local Public Safety Agencies

3.7 Other Transit Agencies

## 3.1 Philosophy

\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] hopes to ensure that, if confronted with a
security event or major emergency, \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] personnel
will respond effectively, using good judgment, ensuring due diligence,
and building on best practices, identified in drills, training, rules
and procedures.

This level of proficiency requires the establishment of formal
mechanisms to be used by all \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] personnel to
identify security threats and vulnerabilities associated with \[NAME OF
TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s operations, and to develop controls to eliminate or
minimize them. The SSEP Program also requires \[NAME OF TRANSIT
AGENCY\]'s process for:

1.  Coordinating with local law enforcement and other public safety
    agencies to manage response to an incident that occurs on a transit
    vehicle or affects transit operations, and

2.  Identifying a process for integrating \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s
    resources and capabilities into the community response effort to
    support management of a major event affecting the community.

\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] management expects all employees, volunteers
and contractors, especially those working directly with passengers, to
support the SSEP Program.

## 3.2 Division of Responsibilities

## 3.2.1 All Personnel {#all-personnel .Heading-three}

\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] personnel must understand and adopt their
specific roles and responsibilities, as identified in the SSEP Program,
thereby increasing their own personal safety and the safety of their
passengers, during normal operations and in emergency conditions.

To ensure the success of the SSEP Program, the following functions must
be performed by \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] personnel:

1.  Immediately reporting all suspicious activity, no matter how
    insignificant it may seem, to the Executive Director or his/her
    designee;

2.  Immediately reporting all security incidents

3.  Using proper judgment when managing disruptive passengers and
    potentially volatile situations

4.  Participation in all security and emergency preparedness training,
    including drills and exercises

5.  Becoming familiar with, and operating within, all security and
    emergency preparedness procedures for the assigned work activity

6.  Notifying the Executive Director or his/her designee when a physical
    or mental condition, or required medications or therapies, may
    impair the ability to perform security or emergency preparedness
    functions

7.  Accurately completing "Employee Statements" on appropriate reports

## 3.2.2 Executive Director {#executive-director .Heading-three}

Under the authority of the \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]'s Board of
Directors, the Executive Director has the overall authority to develop
and execute the agency's SSEP Program. Ultimate accountability for
implementation of the SSEP Program rests with the \[NAME OF AGENCY\]
Executive Director. In addition, the Executive Director is responsible
for the following specific activities:

1.  Ensuring that sufficient resources and attention are devoted to the
    SSEP Program, including:

    -   Development of standard operating procedures related to employee
        security duties

    -   Development and enforcement of safety and security regulations;

    -   Development emergency operating procedures to maximize transit
        system response effectiveness and minimizing system
        interruptions during emergencies and security incidents;

    -   Provision of proper training and equipment to employees to allow
        an effective response to security incidents and emergencies

2.  Development of an effective notification and reporting system for
    security incidents and emergencies

3.  Designating a Point of Contact (POC) to manage the SSEP Program

4.  Communicating security and emergency preparedness as top priorities
    to all employees

5.  Developing relations with outside organizations that contribute to
    the SEPP Program, including local public safety and emergency
    planning agencies

## 3.2.3 SSEP Program Point of Contact (POC) {#ssep-program-point-of-contact-poc .Heading-three}

To ensure coordinated development and implementation of the SSEP
Program, the Executive Director has designated \[INSERT TITLE\] as the
Security and Emergency Preparedness Point of Contact (POC) for
development and implementation of the SSEP Program. The POC, who reports
directly to the Executive Director, has been granted the authority to
utilize \[NAME OF AGENCY\] resources to develop the SSEP Program and
Plan, to monitor its implementation, and to ensure attainment of
security and emergency preparedness goals and objectives.

The \[INSERT TITLE\] has the responsibility for overseeing the SEPP
Program on a daily basis. The \[INSERT TITLE\] will be the direct
liaison with the agency's operators and dispatchers, regarding the
Program. The \[INSERT TITLE\] will also serve at the \[NAME OF
AGENCY\]'s primary contact with public agencies. To the extent that
liaison is necessary with state and federal agencies, the \[INSERT
TITLE\] will serve as the lead liaison for the agency. The \[INSERT
TITLE\] will also be responsible for the security-related agenda items
for Safety/Vehicle Accident Prevention Committee meetings and actions.

In managing this Program, the POC will:

1.  Be responsible for successfully administering the SSEP Program and
    establishing, monitoring, and reporting on the system's security and
    emergency preparedness objectives

2.  Review current agency safety, security and emergency policies,
    procedures, and plans, and identifying needed improvements

3.  Develop and implement plans for addressing identified improvements

4.  Coordinate with local public safety agencies, local community
    emergency planning agencies, and local human services agencies to
    address security and emergency preparedness; including participation
    in formal meetings and committees

5.  Develop, publish, and enforce reasonable procedures pertinent to
    agency activities for security and emergency preparedness

6.  Provide adequate driver training and continuing instruction for all
    employees (and volunteers and contractors) regarding security and
    emergency preparedness

7.  Review new agency purchases to identify security related impacts

8.  Ensure performance of at least one emergency exercise annually

\[The following list of sample procedures and plans to support the
implementation of the SSEPP Sample procedures can be found in the
corresponding appendices of this document\]

*Appendix A Vehicle Safety Program Implications*

*Appendix B Security and Emergency Capabilities Checklist and Points of
Emphasis*

*Appendix C Security and Emergency Considerations*

*Appendix D Bomb Threat Checklist & Procedures*

*Appendix E Sample Emergency Telephone Directory*

*Appendix F Sample Types of Preparation Exercises*

*Appendix G Tips on Reporting Criminal Activity*

*Appendix H Sample Emergency Action Plan*

##  3.2.4 Vehicle Accident Prevention Committee (VAP)  {#vehicle-accident-prevention-committee-vap .Heading-three}

Given the nature and scope of \[NAME OF AGENCY\] operations, it has been
determined that a separate Security Committee is unnecessary. As a
continuing responsibility of the Vehicle Accident Prevention
(VAP)/Safety Committee, there will be a permanent agenda oriented toward
security and emergency preparedness matters, ranging from comments on
the management of the SSEP Program Plan to liaison with public agencies
and feedback from employees. It will also be an ongoing part of the
security agenda to determine the level of compliance with agency
policies, rules, regulations, standards, codes, procedures, and to
identify changes or new challenges as a result of incidents or other
operating experience.

The \[SSEP PROGRAM POC\] will be responsible for MANAGING the security
agenda during the VAP Committee meetings. When appropriate, members of
local fire and police departments will be invited to participate in the
security portion of the VAP Committee meetings.

The VAP Committee provides the primary mechanism through which the
agency:

1.  Identifies security conditions and problems at the agency

2.  Organizes incident investigations and develops and evaluates
    corrective actions to address findings

3.  Obtains data on agency security performance

4.  Develops strategies for addressing agency security problems

5.  Coordinates the sharing of security responsibilities and information

6.  Manages the integration of security initiatives and policies in
    agency operations

7.  Evaluates the effectiveness of the security program

8.  Ensures document reviews and configuration management

9.  Manages the development and revising of agency policies, procedures,
    and rulebook

10. Coordinates interaction with external agencies

The Committee also ensures that all agency employees, volunteers and
contractors:

1.  Have a full knowledge of the security program and emergency
    preparedness programs

2.  Make security and emergency preparedness a primary concern while on
    the job

3.  Cooperate fully with the agency regarding any incident investigation

4.  Raise security and emergency preparedness concerns

## 3.2.5 Super**v**isors {#supervisors .Heading-three}

Supervisors are responsible for communicating the transit agency\'s
security policies to all employees, volunteers and contractors. For this
reason, supervisors must have full knowledge of all security rules and
policies. Supervisors must communicate those policies to \[NAME OF
TRANSIT AGENCY\] operations personnel in a manner that encourages them
to incorporate SSEP practices into their everyday work. The specific
responsibilities of supervisors include the following.

 

1.  Having full knowledge of all standard and emergency operating
    procedures.

2.  Ensuring that drivers make security and emergency preparedness a
    primary concern when on the job.

3.  Cooperating fully with the SSEP Program regarding any accident
    investigations as well as listening and acting upon any security
    concerns raised by the drivers.

4.  Immediately reporting security concerns to the \[INSERT TITLE\].

 

In addition, when supporting response to an incident, supervisors are
expected to:

1.  Provide leadership and direction to employees during security
    incidents;

2.  Handle minor non-threatening rule violations;

3.  Defuse minor arguments;

4.  Determine when to call for assistance;

5.  Make decisions regarding the continuance of operations;

6.  Respond to fare disputes and service complaints;

7.  Respond to security related calls with police officers when
    required, rendering assistance with crowd control, victim/witness
    information gathering, and general on-scene assistance;

8.  Complete necessary security related reports;

9.  Take photographs of damage and injuries;

10. Coordinate with all outside agencies at incident scenes

## 3.2.6 Drivers {#drivers .Heading-three}

In addition to the general responsibilities identified for ALL
PERSONNEL, drivers (including volunteers and contractors) are
responsible for exercising maximum care and good judgment in identifying
and reporting suspicious activities, in managing security incidents, and
in responding to emergencies. Each driver will:

 

1.  Take charge of a security incident scene until the arrival of
    supervisory or emergency personnel

2.  Collect fares in accordance with agency policy (if applicable)

3.  Attempt to handle minor non-threatening rule violations

4.  Respond verbally to complaints

5.  Attempt to defuse minor arguments

6.  Determine when to call for assistance

7.  Maintain control of the vehicle

8.  Report all security incidents to agency dispatch

9.  Complete all necessary security related reports

10. Support community emergency response activities as directed by
    \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] policies ands procedures

## 3.2.7 Other Personnel {#other-personnel .Heading-three}

Other personnel who support \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] also have
responsibilities for the SSEP Program.

 

Dispatchers are expected to:

-   Receive calls for assistance

-   Dispatch supervisors and emergency response personnel

-   Coordinate with law enforcement and emergency medical service
    communications centers

-   Notify supervisory and management staff of serious incidents

-   Establish on-scene communication

-   Complete any required security related reports

-   Provide direction to on-scene personnel

 

Mechanics (including volunteers and contractors) are expected to:

-   Report vandalism

-   Report threats and vulnerabilities of vehicle storage facilities

-   Provide priority response to safety and security critical items such
    as lighting

-   Maintain facility alarm systems

Human Resources personnel are responsible for:

-   Ensuring all pre-employment screening processes are carried out
    effectively

-   Notifying the Executive Director of employee disciplinary action
    that may result in the affected employee becoming a risk to \[NAME
    OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] facilities, systems, passengers, employees or
    other assets

-   Educating employees on employee ID policy and procedure

 

Communications (Marketing-Customer Service-Community Relations) are
responsible for:

-   Requesting assistance from transit public safety resources as needed
    for special events

-   Providing insight into potential threats and vulnerabilities through
    feedback from customer focus groups and other information sources

-   Designating a Public Information Officer (PIO) for media contact
    regarding security incidents and issues

-   Coordinating community oriented policing efforts and programs with
    officers assigned to community oriented policing duties by the
    Public Safety and Security Administrator

## 3.3 Responsibility Matrices

The operation and maintenance of \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] requires a
continual emphasis on security, from the procurement of new systems and
equipment, through the hiring and training of employees, to the
management of the agency and the provision of service, to the
rehabilitation and disposal of existing equipment and facilities. The
security function must be supported by an effective capability for
emergency response, both to support resolution of those incidents which
occur on transit property and those events which affect the surrounding
community served by \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\].

 

Tasks have been identified to provide direction in implementation of
this SSEP Program. These tasks are on-going and are considered minimum
requirements. Tasks are identified in the matrices below. .Also
identified are the organizational/participant responsibilities for each
task, as designated by the following code:

 

**P** ***Primary Task Responsibility***. The identified participant(s)
is (are) responsible for the preparation of the specified
documentation. 

**S** ***Secondary or Support Responsibility***. The identified
participant(s) is (are) to provide the necessary support to accomplish
and document the task. 

**R** ***Review/Comment Responsibility***. The identified participant(s)
is (are) to review and provide comment on the task or requirement. 

**A** ***Approval Responsibility***. The identified participant is to
review, comment and subsequently approve the task or requirement.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  System Security Tasks         Exec   POC    VAP   Ops &   Hum   Finance   Frequency
                                Dir                 Maint   Res             
  ----------------------------- ------ ------ ----- ------- ----- --------- -----------
  *Conduct criminal background  *R*    *S*    *S*           *P*             *AR*
  investigations of employment                                              
  applicants*                                                               

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

## 3.3.1 System Security Matrix {#system-security-matrix .Heading-three}

\[A security task matrix should be presented showing interfaces with
other units and the key activities required, including the frequency of
those activities\]

Frequency: Daily (D); Monthly (M); Quarterly (Q); Yearly (Y); As
Required (AR)

## 3.3.2 Emergency Preparedness Matrix {#emergency-preparedness-matrix .Heading-three}

\[An emergency preparedness task matrix should be presented showing
interfaces with other units and the key activities required, including
the frequency of those activities\]

Frequency: Daily (D); Monthly (M); Quarterly (Q); Yearly (Y); As
Required (AR)

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Emergency Preparedness Tasks  Exec   POC    VAP   Ops &   Hum   Finance   Frequency
                                Dir                 Maint   Res             
  ----------------------------- ------ ------ ----- ------- ----- --------- -----------
                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                                                            
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

## 3.4 Existing SSEP Capabilities and Practices

\[Summarize methods and procedures, devices, and systems utilized by the
transit agency to minimize and respond to security incidents and
emergencies\*\]

\*A summary of the existing proactive methods, procedures, and actions
to prevent, deter, or minimize security incidents includes:

-   Emphasis on agency personnel awareness

-   Participation in ODOT training

-   Review of ODOT materials

-   Analysis of security incidences and suspicious activity to determine
    a proper course of action including:

    -   Identifying potential and existing problem areas

    -   Developing action plans

    -   Implementing the plans

    -   Measuring results

-   Hosting an annual meeting with local law enforcement

-   Annual meeting with local emergency management agency

-   Review of local and transit agency emergency plans

-   Review of FTA documentation on system security and emergency
    preparedness

A summary of other existing proactive actions and systems to prevent,
deter or minimize security incidences includes\*:

-   Conducting security surveys with local law enforcement as a formal
    threat and vulnerability analysis process

-   Local police notification/participation in employee discharge and/or
    discipline process as needed

-   Evaluation of security/emergency response procedures for
    completeness and accuracy

-   Participation by local law enforcement in training of new drivers as
    requested to increase awareness in security matters

-   Presentations by local police and transit agency personnel to
    employees, the public or other groups interested in transit security
    matters

-   Development and distribution of crime prevention information on
    agency brochure for passengers and the public

## 3.5 Training and Exercising

\[Transit agency should formulate SSEP Program training and exercising
plan taking into account the considerations identified below\]

1.  This section should describe basic and refresher security- and
    emergency-related training programs for personnel with associated
    responsibilities

2.  Description of all security-related training including refresher for
    non-security staff provided, including content, duration, grading
    standards, and maintaining course content for each training class.

3.  Description of the process used to identify security-related
    training needs, to develop and present training classes, and to
    determine qualifications for instructors.

4.  This section should explain how the transit agency determines what
    training to offer and ensures that all individuals are trained
    appropriately. This should include a discussion of the required
    qualifications for instructors

## 3.6 Coordination with Local Public Safety Agencies {#coordination-with-local-public-safety-agencies .unnumbered}

\[Identify (by name and contact number) the local law enforcement, fire
services, emergency medical services, and emergency planning agencies
within the transit agency's service area\]

To support improved emergency and incident preparedness and response,
\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] will participate in, at a minimum, one
exercise or drill with local public safety organizations in order to:

-   Review current plans and policies

-   Identify current security and emergency considerations\*

-   Develop procedures (if necessary)

-   Establish and maintain ongoing communication

## 3.7 Coordination with Other Transit Agencies {#coordination-with-other-transit-agencies .unnumbered}

\[Identify (by name and contact number) transit agencies within your
county or neighboring counties that may need to be contacted in the
event of a critical incident\]

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc5953809 .anchor}Section 4: Threat and
Vulnerability Resolution Process

4.1 Threat and Vulnerability Identification

4.2 Threat and Vulnerability Assessment

Threat and vulnerability assessment offers \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]
the ability to identify critical assets and their vulnerabilities to
threats, to develop and implement countermeasures, and to monitor and
improve program effectiveness. This analysis is guided by clear
investigation of three critical questions:

1.  Which assets can we least afford to lose?

2.  What is our responsibility to protect these assets?

3.  Where do we assume total liability for risk, and where to we
    transfer risk to local public responders, technical specialists,
    insurance companies, and the Federal government?

## 4.1 Threat and Vulnerability Identification {#threat-and-vulnerability-identification .unnumbered}

The primary method used by \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] to identify the
threats to the transit system and the vulnerabilities of the system is
the collection of incident reports submitted by drivers and supervisors
and information provided by local law enforcement and contractors.

Information resources include the following:

-   Operator incident reports

-   Risk management reports

-   Bus maintenance reports

-   Marketing surveys

-   Passengers\' letters and telephone calls

-   Management\'s written concerns

-   Staff meeting notes

-   Statistical reports

-   Special requests

-   Type of incidents

    -   Crimes against persons

    -   Crimes against property

    -   General incidents

-   Disposition of incidents (same as disposition of call for service)

The VAP Committee will review security information resources and
determine if additional methods should be used to identify system
threats and vulnerabilities such as a formal evaluation program to
ensure that security procedures are maintained and that security systems
are operable.

Security testing and inspections may be conducted to assess the
vulnerability of the transit system. Testing and inspection includes the
following three-phase approach:

-   Equipment preparedness - to ensure that security equipment is
    operable and in the location where it belongs

-   Employee proficiency - To ensure that employees know how and when to
    use security equipment

-   System effectiveness - To evaluate security by employing security
    system exercises.

## 4.2 Threat and Vulnerability Assessment {#threat-and-vulnerability-assessment .unnumbered}

The threats which are most likely to occur include the following
disruptive incidents:

-   Drunkenness

-   Disorderly conduct

-   Disputes

-   Minor assaults

Other potential occurrences include:

-   Fare evasion

-   Loud radios/behavior

-   Smoking

-   Littering

-   Eating/drinking

In the table below, the VAP Committee has mad an assessment concerning
how susceptible each system element of \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] is to
each listed threat.

The VAP Committee uses a scale of 1 to 4 for ranking each system
element's vulnerability, one being the lowest (or not vulnerable), to
four being the most vulnerable.

**Threats**

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **System Elements**                                                 
  ---------------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      

                                                                      
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

\[note: the list should be detailed , for example each bus route or each
garage. The 'Threats' heading should list all crimes that have occurred
or may occur on the system\]

Threat and vulnerability resolution, and prevention of incidents: The
VAP Committee will review current methods of threat resolution to
determine if additional means can be identified to address security
risks through three possible alternative approaches:

1.  Eliminate

2.  Mitigate

3.  Accept

Each approach will be investigated by the VAP Committee to determine and
develop a course of action acceptable by \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\]
management.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc5953812 .anchor}Section 5: Evaluation and
Modification of the SSEPP

5.1 Evaluation

5.2 Modification & Update

## 5.1 Evaluation {#evaluation .unnumbered}

## 5.1.1 Internal {#internal .Heading-three .unnumbered}

The SSEPP is a "living document" and needs to address issues associated
with system security and emergency preparedness on a timely and
proactive basis. It is incumbent upon all appropriate personnel of the
\[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] to constantly evaluate the effectiveness of
the SSEPP as well as implementation. The SSEPP POC \[ENTER TITLE\] will
work with the VAP to ensure that the SSEPP is evaluated for
effectiveness \[ENTER TIME FRAME\].

## 5.1.2 External {#external .Heading-three .unnumbered}

The SSEPP POC \[ENTER TITLE\] will also serve as the agency liaison with
external agencies involved in the auditing of existing procedures
associated with the SSEPP. \[liability insurers may want to audit the
implementation of the SSEPP\]

## 5.2 Modification and Update {#modification-and-update .unnumbered}

If during the internal or external evaluations, or based upon SSEP
Program findings and activities, the \[NAME OF TRANSIT AGENCY\] will
revise its SSEPP and supporting documentation and training to reflect
new practices, policies, and procedures. The VAP is responsible for
screening changes and modifications to facilitate ongoing revisions to
keep the SSEPP current.

Appendix A Vehicle Safety Program Implications

**Guidelines for Rural and Small Urban Vehicles Safety Program Plans**

+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  |          | **COVERED POLICIES AND | **ADDITIONAL ISSUES IN     |
| *V |          | PROCEDURES**           | SSEP PROGRAM**             |
| EH |          |                        |                            |
| IC |          |                        |                            |
| LE |          |                        |                            |
| SA |          |                        |                            |
| FE |          |                        |                            |
| TY |          |                        |                            |
| P  |          |                        |                            |
| RO |          |                        |                            |
| GR |          |                        |                            |
| AM |          |                        |                            |
| PL |          |                        |                            |
| AN |          |                        |                            |
| ** |          |                        |                            |
+====+==========+========================+============================+
| *  | *        |                        |                            |
| *S | *TITLE** |                        |                            |
| EC |          |                        |                            |
| TI |          |                        |                            |
| ON |          |                        |                            |
| ** |          |                        |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **MA     | -   Safety Policy      | -   MEMORANDUM AUTHORIZING |
| *1 | NAGEMENT |     Statement          |     SYSTEM SAECURITY AND   |
| ** | COMM     |                        |     EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS |
|    | ITMENT** |                        |     (SSEP) PROGRAM         |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **CO     | -   Executive Director | -   EXPANDED TO ADDRESS    |
| *2 | MPLIANCE |                        |     SSEP PROGRAM           |
| ** | RE       | -   Drivers, mechanics |                            |
|    | SPONSIBI |     and others         | -   CREATION OF SSEP       |
|    | LITIES** |     operating agency   |     PROGRAM POINT OF       |
|    |          |     vehicles (and      |     CONTACT (POC)          |
|    |          |     volunteers)        |                            |
|    |          |                        | -   NEW RESPONSIBLITIES    |
|    |          | -   Vehicle Accident   |     FOR VAP COMMITTEE      |
|    |          |     Prevention (VAP)   |                            |
|    |          |     Committee          | -   SSEP PROGRAM AGENDA    |
|    |          |                        |     FOR QUARTERLY VAP      |
|    |          | -   Safety incentive   |     COMMITTEE MEETINGS     |
|    |          |     program(s)         |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | *        | -   Qualifications     | -   COMMITMENT TO ADDRESS  |
| *3 | *DRIVERS |                        |     SSEP ISSUES IN HIRING  |
| ** | --       | -   Initial Training   |                            |
|    | INITIAL  |                        |                            |
|    | HIRE**   |                        |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
|    | **       | -   Application        | -   EXPANSION OF NEW HIRE  |
|    | QUALIFIC |                        |     BACKGROUND CHECK       |
|    | ATIONS** | -   Interviews         |                            |
|    |          |                        | -   EXPANSION OF NEW HIRE  |
|    |          | -   Physical           |     APPLICATION PROCESS TO |
|    |          |     Requirements       |     EMPHASIZE IMPORTANCE   |
|    |          |                        |     OF SAFETY, SECURITY    |
|    |          | -   Age                |     AND EMERGENCY          |
|    |          |                        |     PROCEDURES             |
|    |          | -   Knowledge of       |                            |
|    |          |     English            |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Driver Licensing   |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Operating Skills   |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Criminal Record    |                            |
|    |          |     Checks             |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Ability to perform |                            |
|    |          |     simple math        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Reasonable         |                            |
|    |          |     knowledge of the   |                            |
|    |          |     service area and   |                            |
|    |          |     ability to read    |                            |
|    |          |     basic maps         |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   A road test given  |                            |
|    |          |     by a designated    |                            |
|    |          |     Agency Supervisor  |                            |
|    |          |     is required        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   A written driving  |                            |
|    |          |     skills test is     |                            |
|    |          |     required           |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
|    | **       | -   Agency Policies    | -   ADDITIONAL TRAINING TO |
|    | INITITAL |     and Procedures     |     ADDRESS SECURITY       |
|    | TR       |                        |     AWARENESS, REPORTING   |
|    | AINING** | -   Federal and State  |     SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY,   |
|    |          |     Guidelines and     |     REPORTS AND            |
|    |          |     Regulations        |     DOCUMENTATION, AND PRE |
|    |          |                        |     AND POST TRIP          |
|    |          | -   Pre and Post Trip  |     INSPECTIONS            |
|    |          |     Inspections        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle            |                            |
|    |          |     Familiarization    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Basic Operations   |                            |
|    |          |     and Maneuvering    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Special Driving    |                            |
|    |          |     Conditions         |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Backing            |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Bad Weather        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Boarding and       |                            |
|    |          |     Alighting          |                            |
|    |          |     Passengers         |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Defensive Driving  |                            |
|    |          |     Course (DDC)       |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Passenger          |                            |
|    |          |     Assistance         |                            |
|    |          |     Training -- DRIVE  |                            |
|    |          |     Training           |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   On Road            |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | *        | -   Training -         | -   ADDITIONAL REFERSHER   |
| *4 | *DRIVERS |                        |     TRAINING AND           |
| ** | --       |   refresher/retraining |     "PROFICIENCY TESTS"    |
|    | ONGOING  |                        |     FOR KNOWLEDGE OF       |
|    | SUP      | -   Evaluation and     |     EMERGENCY PROCEDURES   |
|    | ERVISION |     supervision        |                            |
|    | AND      |                        | -   ADDITIONAL             |
|    | TR       | -   Motor vehicle      |     RESPONSIBLITIES FOR    |
|    | AINING** |     record checks      |     SUPERVISION            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Annual physical    |                            |
|    |          |     examination        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Safety meetings    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Seat-belt usage    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -                      |                            |
|    |          | Discipline/recognition |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Preventable        |                            |
|    |          |     accidents/injuries |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **E      | -   Emergency driving  | -   EXPANSION OF EMERGENCY |
| *5 | MERGENCY |     procedures         |     PROCEDURES TO INCLUDE  |
| ** | DRIVING  |                        |     ADDITIONAL SECURITY    |
|    | PROC     | -   Accident causes    |     AND EMERGENCY          |
|    | EDURES** |                        |     CONDITIONS             |
|    |          |     -   Slippery road  |                            |
|    |          |         surfaces       | -   EXPANSION OF EMERGENCY |
|    |          |                        |     PROCEDURES TO INCLUDE  |
|    |          |     -   Driving at     |     SUPPORT OF COMMUNITY   |
|    |          |         night          |     RESPONSE TO A MAJOR    |
|    |          |                        |     EVENT OR EMERGENCY     |
|    |          |     -   Driving        |                            |
|    |          |         through water  | -   EMERGENCY TRAINING AND |
|    |          |                        |     EXERCISING             |
|    |          |     -   Winter driving |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Driving in     |                            |
|    |          |         very hot       |                            |
|    |          |         weather        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | ```{=html}             |                            |
|    |          | <!-- -->               |                            |
|    |          | ```                    |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle breakdowns |                            |
|    |          |     and unavoidable    |                            |
|    |          |     stops              |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle            |                            |
|    |          |     fire/evacuation    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Hold up/robbery    |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Natural disasters  |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Tornado        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Flood          |                            |
|    |          |         procedures -   |                            |
|    |          |         vehicle        |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **P      | -   General guidelines | -   EXPANSION OF           |
| *6 | ASSENGER |                        |     PROCEDURES FOR         |
| ** | SAFETY** | -   Seat-belts         |     MANAGING DIFFICULT     |
|    |          |                        |     PASSENGERS             |
|    |          | -   Child safety seats |                            |
|    |          |                        | -   CLARIFICATIONS         |
|    |          | -   Mobility device    |     REGARDING FIRST AID    |
|    |          |     securement and     |     AND BLOODBORNE         |
|    |          |     passenger          |     PATHOGENS/INFECTION    |
|    |          |     restraint systems  |     CONTROL                |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Difficult          |                            |
|    |          |     passengers         |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Medical condition  |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   First aid          |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Bloodborne         |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |    pathogens/infection |                            |
|    |          |     control            |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **       | -   Vehicles &         | -   EXPANSION OF VEHICLE   |
| *7 | VEHICLES |     equipment          |     SECURITY PROCEDURES    |
| ** | &        |                        |                            |
|    | EQU      | -   Preventive         | -   EXPANSION OF           |
|    | IPMENT** |     maintenance        |     MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES |
|    |          |                        |     FOR IDENTIFYING AND    |
|    |          | -   Program            |     REPORTING VANDALISM,   |
|    |          |     development        |     SUSPICIOUS SUBSTANCES, |
|    |          |                        |     OR VEHICLE TAMPERING   |
|    |          | -   Preventive         |                            |
|    |          |     maintenance needs  | -   EXPANSION OF VEHICLE   |
|    |          |                        |     PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES |
|    |          | -   Preventive         |     TO ADDRESS SECURITY    |
|    |          |     maintenance        |     TECHNOLOGY             |
|    |          |     program            |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Format for         |                            |
|    |          |     preventive         |                            |
|    |          |     maintenance        |                            |
|    |          |     program for        |                            |
|    |          |     transit vehicles   |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Master vehicle     |                            |
|    |          |     service and repair |                            |
|    |          |     record --          |                            |
|    |          |     maintenance        |                            |
|    |          |     history            |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Preventive         |                            |
|    |          |     maintenance        |                            |
|    |          |     intervals          |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   A Level        |                            |
|    |          |         Inspection     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   B Level        |                            |
|    |          |         Inspection     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   C Level        |                            |
|    |          |         Inspection     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | ```{=html}             |                            |
|    |          | <!-- -->               |                            |
|    |          | ```                    |                            |
|    |          | -   Pre & post trip    |                            |
|    |          |     inspections        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Emergency          |                            |
|    |          |     equipment on       |                            |
|    |          |     vehicles and usage |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Use of emergency   |                            |
|    |          |     equipment on       |                            |
|    |          |     vehicles           |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle            |                            |
|    |          |     procurement        |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Exterior       |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Visibility     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          |     -   Interior       |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | ```{=html}             |                            |
|    |          | <!-- -->               |                            |
|    |          | ```                    |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle security   |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Vehicle safety in  |                            |
|    |          |     and around the     |                            |
|    |          |     shop or yard       |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **       | -   Accident           | -   ADDITIONAL TOOLS FOR   |
| *8 | ACCIDENT |     documentation      |     ACCIDENT DOCUMENT      |
| ** | MANA     |     packet             |     PACKET TO ADDRESS      |
|    | GEMENT** |                        |     SECURITY               |
|    |          | -   Accident           |                            |
|    |          |     notification       | -   ADDITIONAL TOOLS FOR   |
|    |          |     procedures --      |     MEDIA RELATIONS        |
|    |          |     driver             |                            |
|    |          |     responsibility     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Accident           |                            |
|    |          |     investigation --   |                            |
|    |          |     management         |                            |
|    |          |     responsibility     |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Accident           |                            |
|    |          |     investigation kit  |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Reconstruction &   |                            |
|    |          |     analysis           |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Drug and alcohol   |                            |
|    |          |     tests              |                            |
|    |          |                        |                            |
|    |          | -   Media relations    |                            |
|    |          |     and crises         |                            |
|    |          |     communication      |                            |
|    |          |     after an accident  |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| *  | **I      | -   Dealing with       | -   ADDITIONAL             |
| *9 | NSURANCE |     adjusters          |     CONSIDERATIONS FOR     |
| ** | CLAIMS   |                        |     COVERAGE               |
|    | AND      | -   Dealing with       |                            |
|    | LI       |     attorneys --       |                            |
|    | TIGATION |     ours/theirs        |                            |
|    | MANA     |                        |                            |
|    | GEMENT** |                        |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+
| ** | **DAY TO | -   Record keeping     | -   ADDITIONAL REPORTS FOR |
| 10 | DAY      |                        |     SECURITY-RELATED       |
| ** | OP       | -   Keeping informed   |     INCIDENTS              |
|    | ERATIONS |                        |                            |
|    | --       |     -   Websites       |                            |
|    | MO       |                        |                            |
|    | NITORING |     -   Publications   |                            |
|    | FOR      |                        |                            |
|    | SAFETY** |                        |                            |
+----+----------+------------------------+----------------------------+

Appendix B

+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| **SECURITY BASELINE**                             | *  | * | **N    |
|                                                   | *Y | * | otes** |
| **PLANNING WORKSHEET**                            | es | N |        |
|                                                   | ** | o |        |
|                                                   |    | * |        |
|                                                   |    | * |        |
+===================================================+====+===+========+
|                                                   |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Has Executive Management accepted responsibility  |    |   |        |
| for the management of security vulnerabilities    |    |   |        |
| during the design, engineering, construction,     |    |   |        |
| testing, start-up and operation of the transit    |    |   |        |
| system?                                           |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Has Executive Management endorsed a policy to     |    |   |        |
| ensure that security vulnerabilities are          |    |   |        |
| identified, communicated, and resolved (or        |    |   |        |
| accepted) through a process that promotes         |    |   |        |
| accountability for decision-making?               |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Does your agency have clear and unambiguous lines |    |   |        |
| of authority and responsibility for ensuring that |    |   |        |
| security is addressed at all organizational       |    |   |        |
| levels within the operation (including            |    |   |        |
| contractors)?                                     |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Does your agency have access to personnel with    |    |   |        |
| security management experience, knowledge,        |    |   |        |
| skills, and abilities?                            |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Does your agency ensure that resources are        |    |   |        |
| effectively allocated to address security         |    |   |        |
| considerations?                                   |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Is the protection of passengers, employees,       |    |   |        |
| contractors, emergency responders and the general |    |   |        |
| public a priority whenever activities are planned |    |   |        |
| and performed at the agency?                      |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Wherever possible, does your agency guide design, |    |   |        |
| engineering, and procurement activity with an     |    |   |        |
| agreed-upon set of security standards and         |    |   |        |
| requirements (including design criteria manuals,  |    |   |        |
| vehicle specifications, and contracting           |    |   |        |
| guidelines)?                                      |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Does your agency routinely evaluate its           |    |   |        |
| capabilities to provide adequate assurance that   |    |   |        |
| the public, and employees are protected from      |    |   |        |
| adverse consequences?                             |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Has your agency committed to developing security  |    |   |        |
| mitigation measures to prevent and manage         |    |   |        |
| security vulnerabilities?                         |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Has your agency appropriately documented its      |    |   |        |
| security measures in plans, procedures, training, |    |   |        |
| and in project requirements, specifications and   |    |   |        |
| contracts?                                        |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| Do your agency have a formal System Security      |    |   |        |
| Program, documented in a System Security Program  |    |   |        |
| Plan (Security Plan) ?                            |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| If "yes," is the Security Plan current,           |    |   |        |
| reflecting current security operations and system |    |   |        |
| configuration?                                    |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| If "no," does your agency have plans in place to  |    |   |        |
| develop a Security Plan?                          |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+
| If "no," prepare a brief list of all activities   |    |   | ATTACH |
| performed at your agency that address security    |    |   | LIST   |
| concerns (for example, include facility access    |    |   |        |
| control; procedures for handling difficult        |    |   |        |
| people; workplace violence program; bomb threat   |    |   |        |
| management plan; procedures for identifying and   |    |   |        |
| reporting suspicious activity; facility and       |    |   |        |
| vehicle evacuation and search procedures;         |    |   |        |
| coordination with local law enforcement, etc.)    |    |   |        |
+---------------------------------------------------+----+---+--------+

  ------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------
  **GENERAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITIES**             **Yes**   **No**   **Notes**

  Does your agency have an Emergency Plan?                                   

  Does your agency have Emergency Operating Procedures?                      

  Does your agency have an Incident Response Plan for                        
  Terrorism, as an appendix to the Emergency Plan or as a                    
  separate plan?                                                             

  Does your agency coordinate with local public safety                       
  organizations on the development, implementation and                       
  review of the Emergency Plan and procedures?                               

  Does your Emergency Plan specify use of the Incident                       
  Command System?                                                            

  Have your employees been trained in the Emergency Plan                     
  and Procedures?                                                            

  Does your agency conduct routine drills, table-tops and                    
  refresher training?                                                        

  Does your agency coordinate its drilling and training                      
  for emergency response with local public safety                            
  organizations?                                                             

  Does your agency conduct briefings of after-action                         
  reports to assess performance during the dill or                           
  exercise and identify areas in need of improvement?                        

  Have members of your agency participated in Domestic                       
  Preparedness Training Programs sponsored by the Federal                    
  government (FEMA, FBI, DOD, etc.)?                                         

  **PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE**                                                    

  Has your agency experienced an emergency in the last 12                    
  months?                                                                    

  If" yes," were you satisfied with the agency's level of                    
  response?                                                                  

  Has your agency received a bomb threat in the last 12                      
  months?                                                                    

  Has your agency evacuated in its facilities in the last                    
  12 months as the result of a bomb threats?                                 

  Has your agency conducted a physical search of a                           
  facility in response to a bomb threat?                                     
  ------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- -----------

Points of Emphasis

1.  ***Awareness*** - Train all security and maintenance personnel to
    spot suspicious-looking or unfamiliar people or objects.

2.  ***Communication*** - Teach employees and/or tenants the importance
    of awareness; encourage them to identify and report anything that
    appears out-of-the-ordinary.

3.  ***Screening*** - Develop and implement systems for identifying and
    controlling visitor access to the building.

4.  ***Inspection*** - Establish strict procedures for the control and
    inspection of packages and materials delivered to the building,
    particularly those intended for critical areas.

5.  ***Procedures*** - Instruct all personnel, particularly telephone
    switchboard or reception personnel, on what to do if a bomb threat
    is received.

6.  ***Surveillance*** - Instruct security and maintenance personnel to
    routinely check unattended public or open areas, such as rest rooms,
    stairways, parking garages and elevators.

7.  ***Lighting*** - Make sure that all of the facility\'s access points
    are well-lit.

8.  ***Systems Awareness*** - Unexpected interruptions in the
    building\'s fire or security systems may not be coincidental; train
    personnel to identify and address them immediately.

9.  ***Local Authorities*** - Contact local government agencies to
    determine their procedures for dealing with bomb threats, search,
    removal and disposal.

10. ***Contingency*** - Assure adequate protection and off-site backup
    for classified documents, proprietary information, critical records
    and activities essential to the operation of your business.

Appendix C

**Emergency Response Planning, Coordination, and Training
Considerations**

1.  Emergency Response planning, coordination, and training is
    formalized and documented, and identifies responsibilities of
    employees by function

2.  Service continuation, restoration / recovery plan developed

3.  Emergency drills and table-top exercises scheduled on a regular
    basis

4.  Coordination and training with outside agencies, including:

    a.  Fire / rescue units; Hospitals; Police; Hazardous materials /
        Environmental agencies / Regional Office of Emergency Management

5.  Media relations / information control procedures and policies
    established (internal and external to agency)

6.  Documentation of drills maintained; drill critiques held;
    recommendations recorded with follow-up

7.  Emergency procedures reviewed by Management on a regular basis and
    updated as needed

8.  Procedure revisions and updates incorporated into evacuation
    procedures; SOPs developed for signature(s) and distribution

9.  Regular assessments of employee proficiency conducted

10. Emergency contacts list developed / current / and responsibility for
    call-outs identified

11. Emergency evacuation routing for transit vehicles developed

12. Employees issued quick reference guidelines for emergency situations

13. Support systems developed to provide post-incident support to
    customers and employees

14. Regular functional testing / inspection of emergency support
    equipment and systems

15. Pre-determination of factors that would require partial or full
    service shut-down

16. Contingency plans for loss of electrical power and radio or phone
    communications

**System Security Considerations**

1.  Security Plan established, which addresses all operations modes and
    contracted services

2.  System security responsibilities and duties established

3.  Personal safety awareness/education programs for passengers and
    employees and community outreach

4.  Security equipment regularly inspected, maintained and functionally
    tested; including personal equipment issued to security personnel

5.  Contingency SOPs developed; drills and table-top exercises conducted
    for extraordinary circumstances:

    a.  Terrorism (including chemical/ biological agents/ weapons of
        mass destruction); Riot / Domestic unrest; Catastrophic natural
        events; and System-wide communications failure

6.  Planning, coordination, training and mutual aid agreements with
    external agencies (state, local police, FBI and other federal
    agencies)

7.  Security SOPs reviewed on a regular basis and updates made as needed
    to Security Plan

8.  Security equipment installed, inspected, and maintained to monitor
    trespass activities

9.  Data collection established for all security issues / incidents;
    analysis performed and recommendations made; document control
    established, including follow-up

10. Security risk/vulnerability assessments conducted, documented and
    reviewed

11. Contingency plans for loss of electrical power and radio or phone
    communications

12. Standard Operating Procedures for critical incident command,
    control, and service continuation/ restoration

13. Security training provided to all staff levels (from front-line
    \"eyes and ears\" concept to professional level security training)

14. Background checks on employees and contractors (where applicable)

15. Regular assessments of employee security proficiencies conducted

16. Employees issued quick reference guidelines for security situations

17. Emergency contacts list developed / current / and responsibilities
    for call-outs identified

18. Visitor, deliveries and contractor facility access procedures
    developed / visible identification required

19. Concepts of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)
    applied in reviews of facilities and in new design and modifications

20. Security checklists developed and regularly used for verifying
    status of physical infrastructure and security procedures

21. Agency employees identifiable by visible identification and/or
    uniform

22. Policy and procedures in place for facilities key control

Appendix D Bomb Threat Checklist and Procedures

**Bomb Threat Checklist**

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  Exact time and date of  
  call:                   

  Exact words of caller:  

                          

                          
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

**Voice Accent Manner Background Noise**

Loud Local Calm Factory Machines

High Pitched Foreign Rational Bedlam

Raspy Race Coherent Music

Intoxicated Not Local Deliberate Office Machines

Soft Region Righteous Mixed

Deep Angry Street Traffic

Pleasant Local Irrational Trains

Other Foreign Incoherent Animals

Raspy Race Emotional Quiet

High Pitched Not Local Laughing Voices

Loud Region Airplanes

Party Atmosphere

**Language Speech Familiarity with Threatened Facility**

Excellent Fast Much

Fair Distinct Some

Foul Stutter None

Good Slurred

Poor Slow

Other Distorted

Pleasant Nasal

Other Lisp

Raspy Other

Questions to Ask the Caller

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  When is the bomb going to explode?

  Where is the bomb?

  What does it look like?

  What kind of bomb is it?

  What will cause it to explode?

  Did you place the bomb?

  Why did you place the bomb?

  Where are you calling from?

  What is your address?

  What is your name?

  **Observations**

  If the voice is familiar, whom did it sound like?

  Were there any background noises?

  Telephone number call received at:

  Person receiving call:

  Any additional remarks:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**Bomb Threat Procedures**

In recent years the use and threatened use of explosives in our society
has increased at an alarming rate. Organizations must prepare a plan of
action to respond effectively. This brief provides guidelines that will
assist transit agencies in developing a procedure specific to their
particular environment.

**Steps to Be Considered**

When faced with a bomb threat, the primary concern must always be the
safety of passengers, employees, and emergency responders. Many transit
agencies already have a disaster or emergency procedure for responding
to smoke, fire, or medical emergencies in stations, administrative
facilities, and shops/yards. Several aspects of these procedures remain
viable in a bomb threat procedure.

However, new problems must be addressed when a bomb threat is received.
For example, in the instance of a fire, effort is directed at evacuating
the occupants in a quick and orderly manner. In the case of a bomb
threat, if evacuation is initiated, the exit routes and assembly areas
should be searched prior to vacating the premises. The potential hazard
remains when a building is evacuated before a search has been made.
Personnel cannot safely re-occupy the building and resume normal
activities until a search has been conducted. Such problems require a
procedure with 7 logical steps:

-   Step 1: Threat Reception

-   Step 2: Threat Evaluation

-   Step 3: Search Procedure

-   Step 4: Locating Unidentified Suspicious Objects

-   Step 5: Evacuation Procedure

-   Step 6: Re-occupation of Building

-   Step 7: Training of Essential Personnel

Each of these steps is discussed below:

**Step 1: Threat Reception**

Threats are transmitted in several ways:

Telephone Threats (threat to detonate explosive is phoned into system)

-   Caller is the person who placed the device

-   Caller has knowledge of who placed the device

-   Caller wants to disrupt system operation

Written Threats (threat to detonate explosive is written into system)

-   May be more serious than phoned-in threats

-   Written threats are generally more difficult to trace than phoned-in
    threats

Letter and Package Threats (suspicious package or letter is delivered to
agency)

-   These threats serve a variety of purposes, but, generally, they are
    directed at specific system personnel rather than at the system as a
    whole.

-   The personal motivations of the criminal may be more important in
    these types of threats

Bomb threats are normally transmitted by phone. The person receiving the
call should be prepared to obtain precise information, including:

-   The time the call was received and on which telephone number or
    extension

-   The exact words of the person making the threat should be recorded

-   Indicate whether it was a male or female voice and an approximate
    age

-   Note any accent or speech impediment or slurring of speech which
    could indicate intoxication or an unbalanced condition

-   Listen for the presence of any background noises such as traffic,
    music, or other voices

-   Decide if the voice is familiar

-   The person receiving the threatening call should be prepared to ask
    the caller certain questions if the information has not been
    volunteered.

-   Where is the bomb?

-   When is it going to explode?

-   What does it look like?

-   What kind of bomb is it?

-   Why did you place the bomb?

-   What is your name?

The caller may provide specific information by answering these
questions. Often the type of person making a threat of this nature
becomes so involved that they will answer questions impulsively. Any
additional information obtained will be helpful to police and explosive
technicians. To assist the person receiving the call, it is suggested a
printed form be readily available. A sample is provided in Appendix A.
Typically, this checklist is kept readily available to the transit
dispatcher or administrative personnel most likely to receive such a
threat.

Written and Letter/Package Threats should be treated as "suspicious
objects" (see Step 4).

**Step 2: Threat Evaluation**

Two basic descriptions of threats can be identified:

-   Non-specific threat: This is the most common type of threat, usually
    with little information given other than, \"There is a bomb in your
    building.\"

-   

-   Specific threat: This threat is given in more detail. Reference is
    often made to the exact location of the device, or the time it will
    detonate.

Specific threats should be considered more serious in nature, requiring
a more concerted effort in the response. The non-specific threat,
however, cannot be ignored. A policy must be developed to respond
effectively to both threat levels.

Certain actions should be taken regardless of the threat category:

-   Notify law enforcement (whether internal transit police and/or
    security or local law enforcement)

-   Notify management personnel

-   Initiate the search procedure

-   Search before evacuation of personnel (employee search)

-   Search after evacuation of personnel (volunteer search)

Notification to internal and/or external law enforcement, security and
management personnel should be prompt, and include as much detail as
possible. The person who received the threatening call should be
available immediately for interviewing. Copies of the completed threat
checklist should be readily available to all who may need it.

The appropriate search procedure should be initiated. Searches in the
transit environment -- as in many other environments -- have two major
constraints:

-   Radio communication cannot be used (it may detonate the device)

-   The environment is specialized, therefore, it cannot be searched
    effectively by outsiders

To address these concerns, personnel who work in a particular area, or
who are responsible for an area, should be used. Not only will these
personnel provide a much more thorough search than outside responders,
but they are knowledgeable concerning station or facility emergency
communication systems, and can access "land line" telephones to manage
communications more effectively during the search. A system that
utilizes the employees -- after evacuations have been ordered \-- should
always and only use volunteers.

The following criteria help determine what immediate action to take:

Factors favoring a search before the movement of personnel (occupant
search):

-   There is a high incidence of hoax telephone threats

-   Effective security arrangements have been established

-   Information in the warning is imprecise or incorrect

-   The caller sounded intoxicated, amused, or very young

-   The prevailing threat of terrorist activity is low

Factors favoring movement of personnel before searching (volunteer
search):

-   The area is comparatively open

-   Information in the warning is precise as to the matters of location,
    a description of the device, the timing, and the motive for the
    attack

-   A prevailing threat of terrorist activity is high

**Step 3: Search Procedure**

Pre-planning and coordination of employees are essential in implementing
an effective search of transit premises, particularly for large stations
and facilities. A central control mechanism is necessary to ensure a
thorough and complete response. A printed station and/or facility
schematic should be identified for each major transit facility. Wherever
possible, stations should be divided into zones or sections (prior to
the actual conduct of the search), and volunteer personnel -- familiar
with the zone or section -- identified to support the search, by shift
or position. Back-ups and supporting volunteers should also be
identified for each zone or segment. A compendium of station/facility
schematics should be available to those responsible for managing bomb
threats and searches. Not only will these schematics support
identification and assembly of the volunteer search team, but also, as
the search is conducted, each area can be "crossed off" the plan as it
is searched.

Areas that are accessible to the public require special attention during
a search, and may be vitally important if an evacuation is to be
conducted. The level of the search should be commiserate with the
perceived threat level:

-   An occupant search is used when the threat\'s credibility is low.
    Occupants search their own areas. The search is completed quickly
    because occupants know their area and are most likely to notice
    anything unusual.

-   The volunteer team search is used when the threat\'s credibility is
    high. The search is very thorough and places the minimum number of
    personnel at risk. Evacuate the area completely, and ensure that it
    remains evacuated until the search is complete. Search teams will
    make a slow, thorough, systematic search of the area.

During the search procedure the question often arises, \"What am I
looking for?\" The basic rule is: Look for something that does not
belong, or is out of the ordinary, or out of place. Conduct the search
quickly, yet thoroughly, keeping the search time to a maximum of 15 to
20 minutes. Both the interior and exterior of the station or facility
should be searched.

Historically, the following areas have been used to conceal explosive or
hoax devices in the transit environment:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Outside Station Areas**         | **Inside Stations**               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   Trash cans                    | -   Ceilings with removable       |
|                                   |     panels                        |
| -   Dumpsters                     |                                   |
|                                   | -   Overhead nooks                |
| -   Mailboxes                     |                                   |
|                                   | -   Areas behind artwork,         |
| -   Bushes                        |     sculptures and benches        |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Street drainage systems       | -   Recently repaired/patched     |
|                                   |     segments of walls, floors, or |
| -   Storage areas                 |     ceilings                      |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Parked cars                   | -   Elevator shafts               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Shrubbery                     | -   Restrooms                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Newspaper Stands              | -   Behind access doors           |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   In crawl spaces               |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   Behind electrical fixtures    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   In storage areas and utility  |
|                                   |     rooms                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   Trash receptacles             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   Mail rooms                    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   Fire hose racks               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Depending on the nature of the threat, searches may expand to include
transit vehicles. In extremely rare instances, dispatchers have
instructed operators on certain bus routes or rail lines to immediately
bring their vehicles to a safe location, deboard passengers, and
walk-through the vehicle -- looking for unidentified packages. In other
instances, evacuated vehicles have been met by law enforcement officers,
who actually conduct the search, including the vehicle undercarriage and
rooftop areas.

**Step 4: Locating an Unidentified Suspicious Package**

If an unidentified or suspicious object is found, all personnel should
be instructed (1) not to move it and (2) to report it to central
dispatch or the search team leader immediately. The following
information is essential:

-   Location of the object

-   Reason(s) suspected

-   Description of the object

-   Any other useful information -- how difficult to secure area,
    evacuate, nearest emergency exits, etc.

Based on this information, decisions will be made regarding the
following:

-   Removal of persons at risk

-   Establishment of perimeter control of the area to ensure that no one
    approaches or attempts to move the object

-   Activities to establish ownership of the object. (In the event that
    legitimate property has been left behind in error prior to the bomb
    threat being received.)

-   Assignment of someone familiar with the building and the area where
    the object is located to meet the Explosives Disposal Unit personnel
    on their arrival (in the event that they have been called)

-   Continue implementation of search procedure until all areas have
    reported to the central control, as there may be more than one
    unidentified object

While volunteers and public safety personnel are conducting the search,
and particularly while they are managing response to a suspicious
package, they should keep in mind the following information:

-   Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and other types of bombs inflict
    casualties in a variety of ways, including the following:

-   Blast over pressure (a crushing action on vital components of the
    body; eardrums are the most vulnerable).

-   Falling structural material.

-   Flying debris (especially glass).

-   Asphyxiation (lack of oxygen).

-   Sudden body translation against rigid barriers or objects (being
    picked up and thrown by a pressure wave).

-   Bomb fragments.

-   Burns from incendiary devices or fires resulting from blast damage.

-   Inhalation of toxic fumes resulting from fires.

-   The following are four general rules to follow to avoid injury from
    an IED:

-   Move as far from a suspicious object as possible without being in
    further danger from other hazards such as traffic or secondary
    sources of explosion

-   Stay out of the object\'s line-of-sight, thereby reducing the hazard
    of injury because of direct fragmentation

-   Keep away from glass windows or other materials that could become
    flying debris

-   Remain alert for additional or secondary explosive devices in the
    immediate area, especially if the existence of a bomb-threat
    evacuation assembly area has been highly publicized

-   Historically, perpetrators of bombings in the transit environment
    (in foreign countries such as Israel, France, India, and England)
    have used two tactics that intensify the magnitude of casualties
    inflicted by detonation of an explosive device:

-   Perpetrators have detonated a small device to bring public safety
    personnel to the site; a larger, more deadly device has detonated
    some time after the first device, thereby inflicting a large number
    of casualties on the first responder community.

-   Perpetrators have used a real or simulated device to force the
    evacuation of a facility only to detonate a much more substantial
    device in identified bomb-threat evacuation assembly areas. These
    attacks are especially harmful because the evacuation assembly areas
    often concentrate transit personnel and passengers more densely than
    would otherwise be the case.

**Step 5: Evacuation Procedure**

If an unidentified object is found, a quiet and systematic evacuation
from the area should be conducted. Prior to evacuation, all areas used
in the evacuation route must be searched: stairwells, corridors,
elevators, and doorways. When these areas have been checked, volunteer
personnel should be assigned to direct other personnel along the
searched exit routes.

As a general guideline, evacuation should be to a minimum distance of
300 feet in all directions from the suspicious package, including the
area above and below the site, giving regard to the type of building
construction (thin walls, glass) and the size of the suspicious package.
Elevators should not be used to evacuate people under normal
circumstances. A power failure could leave them trapped in a hazardous
area. Attention should be paid to the need for special transportation
requirements of persons with disabilities.

The essential task in evacuation procedures is to direct people to
quietly leave the premises, using tact and power of suggestion, in an
effort to maintain control and avoid panic. Once a complete or partial
evacuation has taken place, there must be some form of accounting for
all personnel. This may be a difficult task, but a necessary one to
ensure the safety of all personnel.

Assembly areas should be pre-selected and well known to personnel.
Establish a clearly defined procedure for controlling, marshalling, and
checking personnel within the assembly area. If possible, for major
transit stations, assembly areas should be coordinated with local police
in advance. Assembly areas are selected using the following criteria:

-   Locate assembly areas at least 300 feet from the likely target or
    building (if possible).

-   Locate assembly areas in areas where there is little chance of an
    IED being hidden. Open spaces are best. Avoid parking areas because
    IEDs can be easily hidden in vehicles.

-   Select alternate assembly areas to reduce the likelihood of ambush
    with a second device or small-arms fire. If possible, search the
    assembly area before personnel occupy the space.

-   Avoid locating assembly areas near expanses of plate glass or
    windows. Blast effects can cause windows to be sucked outward rather
    than blown inward.

-   Select multiple assembly areas (if possible) to reduce the
    concentration of key personnel. Drill and exercise personnel to go
    to different assembly areas to avoid developing an evacuation and
    emergency pattern that can be used by perpetrators to attack
    identifiable key personnel.

**Step 6: Re-Occupation of Station/Facility**

Re-occupation of the building is a decision that must be made by an
appropriate transit agency or law enforcement official. If the
evacuation was made without a search, the premises should be searched
before re-occupation.

**Step 7: Training**

Any effective threat procedure must be accompanied with an adequate
training program. Training the essential personnel should encompass both
the preventative and operational aspects of the procedure. Prevention
can be accomplished through employee awareness, developing good
housekeeping habits, and being on the alert for suspicious items and
persons.

Operational training may include lectures by transit police and security
instructional staff or guest speakers, in-service training classes, and
practical training exercises. Evacuation and search drills should be
performed periodically under the supervision of transit police or local
law enforcement. Coordination with local law enforcement is particularly
important for those small agencies with no internal security.

**Conclusion**

Considering recent events, it is advisable to consider all threats
serious. A well-prepared and rehearsed plan will ensure an effective,
quick search with minimal disruption of normal operation. Panic and
possible tragedy can be avoided. Appropriate security, heightened
employee and passenger awareness, and good housekeeping controls will
identify many potential problems.

Appendix E Sample Emergency Telephone Directory

**[YUBA COUNTY:]{.underline}**

Emergency Services (OES): 741-6254/6255

Sheriff/Coroner: 911/741-6331

Marysville Police: 741-6621

Wheatland Police: 633-2821

Health Dept.: 741-6366

Animal Control: 741-6478

Mental Health Services 822-7200

Crisis Line: 673-8255

**[SUTTER COUNTY:]{.underline}**

Emergency Services (OES) 822-7370

Sheriff/Coroner: 911/822-7307

Yuba City Police: 822-4661

Health Dept.: 822-7225

Animal Shelter: 822-7375

Mental Health Services 822-7200

Crisis Line: 673-8255

**[MEDICAL CENTERS:]{.underline}**

Rideout Emergency: 749-4511/4300

Peachtree Clinic: 749-3242

Sutter Co. Med. Clinic: 822-7215

DelNorte Clinic: 743-4611

Mental Health Services: 822-7200

Crisis Line: 673-9255

Appendix F Sample Types of Exercises

Experience shows that exercises are the most practical, efficient, and
cost effective way to prepare for disasters and crises. The aim for any
transit agency should be to develop a progressive exercise program, a
long-term approach in which exercises are planned, conducted, and
evaluated as building blocks to competency in crisis management.

There are two principal benefits of such a program. First, people
practice their role and gain proficiency in crisis management. Second,
the coordination among transit providers and local emergency response
agencies is improved. These benefits arise not from exercising alone,
but from evaluating the exercise and acting upon those results. An
exercise has value only when it leads to individual and/or collective
improvement.

Key terms used in the development of exercises include the following:

-   Progressive Exercise Program: A commitment from the transit provider
    and community public safety agencies to plan and conduct
    increasingly more challenging exercises over a period of time, to
    achieve and maintain competency in executing the local crisis
    management plan.

-   Objective: A goal expressed in simple, clear, specific, and
    measurable terms. Serves as the foundation of all exercise planning.

-   Scenario: The overall outline of how an exercise will be conducted.
    Includes the narrative, major/detailed sequence of events, problems
    or messages, and expected actions. Often used interchangeably with
    the term narrative.

-   Narrative: A word "picture" that includes all essential elements of
    information concerning the incident used to initiate an exercise.

Types of exercises include the following:

-   Drill: Supervised activities that test, develop, or maintain skills
    in a single response procedure (such as: communications,
    notification, lockdown, fire) and the possible or probable
    interaction with local government agency functions (such as:
    incident command posts, rescue squad entry, police perimeter
    control) which will involve actual field response. Helps prepare for
    more complex exercises in which several functions are coordinated
    and tested.

-   Exercise An activity designed to: promote emergency preparedness;
    test or evaluate emergency operations, policies, plans, procedures
    or facilities, train personnel in emergency duties, and demonstrate
    operational capabilities.

-   

-   Full-Scale Exercise: Evaluates the operational capability of
    emergency response management systems in an interactive manner.
    Includes the mobilization of emergency personnel and resources
    required to demonstrate coordination and response capability. Tests
    total response capability as close to a real emergency as possible.

-   Functional Exercise: A fully simulated interactive exercise; tests
    one or more functions in a time-pressured realistic simulation;
    focuses on policies, procedures, roles, and responsibilities.

-   Orientation Seminar: An informal discussion designed to familiarize
    participants with roles, plans, procedures, and resolve questions of
    coordination and assignment of responsibilities.

-   Tabletop Exercise: Simulates an emergency situation in an informal,
    stress-free environment. Designed to elicit discussion as
    participants examine and resolve problems based on existing crisis
    management plans.

Appendix G Reporting Criminal Activity

If you observe a crime in progress or behavior that you suspect is
criminal, immediately notify \[dispatch or local police\]. Report as
much information as possible including:

[Activity]{.underline}: What is happening? (In plain language and with
as few assumptions as possible)

Description of Involved People: For each involved person, provide:

-   Height

-   Weight

-   Gender

-   Clothing

-   Weapons

-   Distinguishing characteristics

[Location]{.underline}: Describe exactly where the criminal activity is
occurring. If the activity is "moving," describe the direction of
travel.

[Vehicle]{.underline}: If a vehicle is involved, please provide the
following:

-   Color

-   Year

-   Make

-   Model

-   License

**DO NOT APPROACH OR ATTEMPT TO APPREHEND THE PERSON(S) INVOLVED**.

Stay on the telephone with the police dispatcher and provide additional
information as changes in the situation occur, until the first police
officer arrives at your location.

Appendix H Emergency Action Plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

**COMPANY:**

**ADDRESS:**

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **I. EMERGENCY PLAN COORDINATOR**

   

  NAME :

  TITLE:

  DEPARTMENT:

   

  TELEPHONE NO:

   

   

  **II. PREFERRED MEANS OF REPORTING FIRES AND OTHER EMERGENCIES**

  ** **

  Type of Emergency:

  Reported By:

  Fire

   

  Explosion

   

  Tornado/Weather

   

  Bomb Threat

   

  Chemical Spill/Leak

   

  Violence

  Medical

   

  Other

   

   
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**ELEMENTS**

 

**A. Emergency Escape Procedures and Routes**

Emergency escape procedures and route assignments have been posted in
each work area, and all employees have been trained by designated
supervisors in the correct procedures to follow. New employees are
trained when assigned to a work area. A sample escape procedure and
escape route sheet of the type posted in work areas should be developed.
(Identify and attach floor plan and escape route).

**B. Procedure for Employees Who Remain to Operate Critical Operations
Before They Evacuate:**

** **

A single procedure should be developed that describes operations,
procedures, and personnel required in order for critical operations to
be performed before the assigned personnel evacuate during emergency
situations. A description of the special training provided should also
be included.

 

**C. Employee Accountability Procedures after Evacuations**

Each supervisor is responsible for accounting for all assigned
employees, personally or through a designee, by having all such
employees report to a predetermined designated rally point and
conducting a head count. Each assigned employee must be accounted for by
name. All supervisors are required to report their head count (by name)
to the Emergency Evacuation Coordinator.

 

**D. Rescue and Medical Duties**

** **

Specific rescue and medical duties have been assigned to designated
individuals. These personnel have received special training and
instructions for properly carrying out these assignments.

 

**E. Alarm System**

Alarm systems for notifying all employees in case of an emergency are:

 

When so required by specific OSHA Standards, the organization will
comply with OSHA Standard 1910.165, Employee Alarm Systems.

 

**F. Training**

** **

The following personnel have been trained to assist in the safe and
orderly emergency evacuation of other employees. (See also Appendix
B-identify)

**Name Title Work Area Special Assignment**

** **

** **

** **

** **

1.  Training is provided for employees when:

2.  The plan was initiated

3.  Responsibilities change

4.  New employees are hired or transferred

 

**III. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES**

During some emergency situations, it will be necessary for some
specifically assigned and properly trained employees to remain in work
areas that are being evacuated long enough to perform critical
operations. These assignments are necessary to ensure proper emergency
control.

 

**Assignments**

** **

**Work Area Name Job Title Description of Assignment**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 

**IV. SPECIAL TRAINING**

** **

The preceding individuals have received special instructions and
training by their immediate supervisors to ensure their safety in
carrying out the designated assignments. A training record describing
the instructions provided and the detailed procedures to be followed

is maintained in the Emergency Plan and Fire Protection Plan
Coordinator's Office.

 

**Emergency and Fire Protection Plan Coordinator:**

** **

Name: Date:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 

**V.  EMPLOYEE ACCOUNTABILITY PROCEDURES FOLLOWING AN EMERGENCY
EVACUATION**

** **

Each supervisor is responsible for accounting for each assigned employee
following an emergency evacuation. This will be accomplished by
performing the procedures established for such an eventuality.

 

**VI. EMPLOYEE ACCOUNTABILITY**

** **

1.  Rally points have been established for all evacuation routes and
    procedures. These points are designated on each posted work area
    escape route.

2.  All work area supervisors and employees must report to their
    designated rally points immediately following an evacuation.

3.  Each employee is responsible for reporting to his or her supervisor
    so that an accurate head count can be made. Supervisors will check
    off the names of all those reporting and will report those not
    checked off as missing to the Emergency Evacuation Coordinator.

> 4\. The Emergency Evacuation Coordinator will be located at one of the
> following locations:
>
>  

A. Primary Location:

B. Secondary Location:

 

> 5\. The Emergency Evacuation Coordinator will determine the method to
> be utilized to locate missing personnel.

 

**VII. RESCUE AND MEDICAL DUTIES**

** **

It may become necessary in an emergency to rescue personnel and perform
some specified medical duties, including first-aid treatment. All
employees assigned to perform such duties will have been properly
trained and equipped to carry out their assigned responsibilities
properly and safely.

**Assignments**

** **

**Special Special**

**Name Location Assignment Training Provided**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

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**Special Instructions and Procedures**

** **

> All personnel performing emergency rescue and medical duties must
> follow these instructions:

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