#####  CURRICULUM VITAE

[Name]{.underline}: David M. Segal, Ph.D.

[Address and Telephone Number]{.underline}

Building 10 Room 4B36

National Institutes of Health

Bethesda, MD 20892

\(301\) 496-3109

[Citizenship]{.underline}: United States

[Education]{.underline}:

June 1961 ‑ B.A., Oberlin College

June 1966 ‑ Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University

[Brief Chronology of Employment]{.underline}:

1966‑1968 ‑ Postdoctoral Fellow, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel

1968‑1970 ‑ Staff Fellow, National Institutes of Health, National

Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases,

Bethesda, Maryland

1970‑1973 ‑ Senior Staff Fellow, NIH, National Institute of Arthritis,

Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland

1973‑1974 ‑ Research Chemist, National Institutes of Health, National

Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

1974‑1988 ‑ Senior Investigator, Immunology Branch, National Cancer

Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

1988‑1991 ‑ Senior Investigator, Experimental Immunology Branch,
National

Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1989 ‑ Varon Visiting Professor, Weizmann Institute of Science,

Rehovot, Israel

1991‑ ‑ Chief, Immune Targeting Section, Experimental Immunology

Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of

Health, Bethesda, Maryland

[Military Service]{.underline}: None

[Societies]{.underline}:

American Association of Immunologists

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

[Honors and Other Special Scientific Recognition]{.underline}:

Training Grant, National Institutes of Health, 1961‑1966

Postdoctoral Fellowship, National Institutes of Health, 1966‑1968

Advisory Editor, [Molecular Immunology]{.underline}, 1978‑

Associate Editor, [Journal of Immunology]{.underline}, 1979‑1984;
2007-current time

Recipient of Varon Visiting Professorship, Weizmann Institute, 1989

Organizer, First International Conference on Targeted Cellular

Cytotoxicity and Bispecific Antibodies, Annapolis, MD,

October 22‑25, 1989

Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Medarex, Inc. 1990-1995

Organizer, Second International Conference on Bispecific Antibodies and

Targeted Cellular Cytotoxicity, Seillac, France,

October 9‑13, 1990

Recipient of 1997 Centeon Award for Innovative Breakthroughs in
Immunology

Organizer, Sixth International Conference on Bispecific Antibodies

Asilomar, CA July 28-Aug 1, 1999

Editor of Journal of Immunological Methods Special Issue on Bispecific
Antibodies

Volume 248 (1-2) 2001.

Organizer, Seventh International Antibody Conference on Targeted
Cellular Cytotoxicity

Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, U.K. July 31-Aug 3, 2001.

Recipient of NIAID Intramural Biodefense Research Award, 2003-2005.

[Patents]{.underline}

U.S. Patent 4‑676‑980: \"Target Specific Cross‑linked
Heteroantibodies\",

David M. Segal and Pilar Perez (1987)

> U.S. Patent 5861156 \"Method of delivering agents to target cells,\"
> A.J.T. George, D. M. Segal, and J. S. Huston issued 1/19/99
>
> U.S. Patent 5,888,773 AMethods of producing single-chain Fv
> molecules.@ Carolina R. Jost and David M. Segal Issued 3/30/99

BIBLIOGRAPY

1\. Harrington, W. F., Josephs, R., and Segal, D. M.: Physical chemical

studies on proteins and polypeptides. [Ann. Rev. Biochem]{.underline}.
35:599, 1966.

2\. Hauschka, P. V. and Segal, D. M.: A modification of space‑filling
atomic

models. [Biopolymers]{.underline} 4:1051, 1966.

3\. Segal, D. M. and Harrington, W. F.: The tritium‑hydrogen exchange of

myosin and its proteolytic fragments. [Biochem]{.underline}. 6:768,
1967.

4\. Segal, D. M., Himmelfarb, S., and Harrington, W. F.: Composition and
mass

of peptides released during tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysis of
myosin.

[J. Biol. Chem]{.underline}. 242:1241, 1967.

5\. Traub, W., Yonath, A., and Segal, D. M.: On the molecular structure
of

collagen. [Nature]{.underline} 221:914, 1969.

6\. Segal, D. M., and Traub, W.: Polymers of tripeptides as collagen
models.

VI\. Synthesis and structural investigation of poly (L‑alanyl‑L‑prolyl‑

glycine). [J. Mol. Biol]{.underline}. 43:487, 1969.

7\. Segal, D. M.: Polymers of tripeptides as collagen models. VII.
Synthesis

and solutioin properties of four collagen‑like polyhexapeptides.

[J. Mol. Biol]{.underline}. 43:519, 1969.

8\. Segal, D. M., Traub, W., and Yonath, A.: Polymers of tripeptides as

collagen models. VIII. X‑ray studies of four polyhexapeptides. [J.
Mol.]{.underline}

[Biol]{.underline}. 43:519, 1969.

9\. Segal, D. M., Powers, J. C., Cohen, G. H., Davies, D. R., and
Wilcox, P.

E.: The substrate binding site in bovine chymotrypsis A. A crystallo‑

graphic study using peptide chloromethyl ketones as site specific

inhibitors. [Biochemistry]{.underline} 10:3728, 1971.

10\. Segal, D. M., Cohen, G. H., Davies, D. R., Powers, J. C., and
Wilcox, P.

E.: The stereochemistry of substrate binding to chymotrypsin A.
[Cold]{.underline}

[Spring Harbor Symp. of Quant. Biol]{.underline}. 26:85, 1971.

11\. Davies, D. R., and Segal, D. M.: Protein crystallization: Micro

techniques involving vapor diffusion. [Methods in
Enzymology]{.underline} Vol. 22, p.

266\. W. B. Jakoby (ed.), Academic Press, New York and London, 1971.

12\. Davies, D. R., Sarma, R., Labaw, L. W., Silverton, E. W., Segal,
D., and

Terry, W. D.: X‑ray diffraction and electron microscope studies on a

crystalline human immunoglobulin. [Ann. New York Acad. Sci]{.underline}.
190:122,

1971\.

13\. Segal, D. M.: A kinetic investigation of the crystallographically

deduced binding subsites of bovine chymotrypsin A.
[Biochemistry]{.underline} 11:349,

1972\.

14\. Rudikoff, S., Potter, M., Segal, D. M., Padlan, E. A. and Davies,
D. R.:

Crystals of phosphorycholine‑binding mouse myeloma Fab fragments: Pre‑

paration and x‑ray analysis. [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci]{.underline}.
69:3689, 1972.

15\. Padlan, E. A., Segal, D. M., Spande, T. F., Davies, D. R.,
Rudikoff, S.,

and Potter, M.: Structure at 4.5 A resolution of a phosphorylcholine‑

binding Fab. [Nature New Biology]{.underline} 245:165, 1973.

16\. Padlan, E. A., Segal, D. M., Cohen, G. H., and Davies, D. R.: The
three‑

dimensional structure of the antigen binding site of McPC 603 protein.

[In]{.underline} Sercarz, E. A., Williamson, A. R., Cox, C. F. (eds.)
[The Immune]{.underline}

[System]{.underline}, New York, Academic Press, 1974, pp. 7‑14.

17\. Segal, D. M., Padlan, E. A., Cohen, G. H., Rudikoff, S., Potter, M.
D.,

and Davies, D. R.: The three‑dimensional structure of a

phosphorylcholine‑binding mouse immunoglobulin Fab and the nature of the

antigen binding site. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.]{.underline} 71:4298‑4302,
1974.

18\. Segal, D. M., Padlan, E. A., Cohen, G. H., Silverton, E. W.,
Davies, D.

R., Rudikoff, S., and Potter, M.: The structure of McPC 603 Fab and its

hapten complex. [In]{.underline} Brent, L. and Holborrow, J. (eds.)
[Progress in]{.underline}

[Immunology II]{.underline} Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co.,
1974, Vol. 1, pp.

93‑102.

19\. Davies, D. R., Padlan, E. A., and Segal, D. M.: Three‑dimensional

structure of immunoglobulins. [Ann. Rev. Biochem]{.underline}.
44:639‑667, 1975.

20\. Labaw, L. W., Padlan, E. A., Segal, D. M., and Davies, D. R.: An E.
M.

study of phosphorylcholine‑binding Fab\' immunoglobulin fragment
crystals.

[J. Ultrastructure Res]{.underline}. 51:326, 1975.

21\. Davies, D. R., Padlan, E. A., and Segal, D. M.: Immunoglobulin

structures at high resolution. [In]{.underline} Inman, F. P. and Mandy,
W. J., (eds.)

[Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology]{.underline}, New York,
Plenum Press 1975,

pp. 127‑155.

22\. Segal, D. M., and Hurwitz, E.: Dimers and trimers of Immunoglobulin
G

covalently cross‑linked with a bivalent affinity label.
[Biochemistry]{.underline} 15:

5235‑5257, 1976.

23\. Segal, D. M., and Hurwitz, E.: Binding of affinity cross‑linked

oligomers of IgG to cells bearing Fc receptors. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 118:1338‑

1147, 1977.

24\. Hurwitz, E., Zatz, M. M., and Segal, D. M.: The biological activity
of

affinity cross‑linked oligomers of rabbit Immunoglobulin G as tested by

antibody dependent cell‑mediated cytolysi (ADCC). [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 118:1348‑

1353, 1977.

25\. Segal, D. M., Taurog, J. D., and Metzger, H.: Dimeric
immunoglobulin E

serves as a unit signal for mast cell degranulation. [Proc. Natl.
Acad.]{.underline}

[Sci.(USA)]{.underline} 74:2993‑2997, 1977.

26\. Segal, D. M. and Titus, J.: The subclass specificity for the
binding of

murine myeloma proteins to macrophage and lymphocyte cell lines and to

normal spleen cells. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 120:1395‑1403, 1978.

27\. Alexander, E. L., Titus, J. A., and Segal, D. M.: Quantitation of
Fc

receptors and surface immunoglobulins is affected by cell isolation

procedures. [J. Immunol. Meth]{.underline}. 22:263‑272, 1978.

28\. Alexander, E., Titus, J., and Segal, D. M.: Human leukocyte Fc(IgG)

receptors: Quantitation and affinity using radiolabeled affinity cross‑

linked rabbit IgG. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 123:295‑302, 1979.

29\. Jones, J. F., Plotz, P. H., and Segal, D. M.: Complement and cell‑

mediated lysis of haptenated erythrocytes sensitized with oligomers of

rabbit IgG antibody. [Molecular Immunology]{.underline} 16:889‑897,
1979.

30\. Segal, D. M., Titus, J. A., and Jones, J. F.: Cell surface
receptors for

immunoglobulin G. In DeLisi, C. and Blumenthal, R. P. (eds.):
[Physical]{.underline}

[and Chemical Aspects of Cell Surface Events in Cellular
Regulation]{.underline}.

Elsevier North‑Holland, Inc., New York, pp. 307‑323, 1979.

31\. Segal, D. M., Guyer, R. L. and Plotz, P. H.: Complement fixation by

model immune complexes free in solution and bound onto cell surfaces.

[Biochemistry]{.underline} 18:1830‑1835, 1979.

32\. Plotz, P. H., Kimberly, R. P., Guyer, R. L., and Segal, D. M.:
Stable

model immune complexes produced by bivalent affinity labeling haptens:

In vivo survival. [Mol. Immunol]{.underline}. 16:721‑729, 1979.

33\. Navia, M. A., Segal, D. M., Padlan, E. A., Davies, D. R., Rao, N.,

Rudikoff, S., and Potter, M.: Crystal structure of galactan‑binding
mouse

immunoglobulin J539 Fab at 4.5‑A resolution. [Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci.]{.underline}

[(USA)]{.underline} 76:4071‑4074, 1979.

34\. Jones, J. F. and Segal, D. M.: Antibody‑dependent, cell‑mediated

cytolysis (ADCC) using antibody‑coated effectors: New methods for

enhancing antibody‑binding and cytolysis. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
125:926‑933, 1980.

35\. Segal, D. M., Dower, S. K., Jones, J. F. and Titus, J.: The role of

antibody multivalency in immune effector processes. Proceedings in

clinical and Biological Research, Vol. 40. In [Biological Recognition
and]{.underline}

[Assembly]{.underline}. D. S. Eisenberg, J. M. Lake and L. F. Fox (eds.)
Alan R. Liss,

N. Y., 1980. pp. 319‑326.

36\. Segal, D. M., Sharrow, S. O., Jones, J. F. and Siraganian, R. P.:
Fc

(IgG) receptors on rat basophilic leukemia cells. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 126:138‑

145, 1981.

37\. Jones, J. F., Titus, J. A., and Segal, D. M.: Antibody‑dependent
cell‑

mediated cytolysis (ADCC) with antibody‑coated effectors: rat and human

effectors versus tumor targets. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 126:2457‑2460,
1981.

38\. Dower, S. K., and Segal, D. M.: Clq binding to antibody‑coated
cells:

Predictions from a simple multivalent binding model. [Mol.
Immunol]{.underline}. 18:

823‑829, 1981.

39\. Titus, J. A., Sharrow, S. D., Connolly, J. M., and Segal, D. M.:
Fc(IgG)

receptor distributions in homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations

by flow microfluorometry. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline}
78:519‑523, 1981.

40\. Dower, S. K., DeLisi, C., Titus, J. A. and Segal, D. M.: The
mechanism

of binding of multivalent immune complexes to Fc receptors: I. Equili‑

brium binding. [Biochemistry]{.underline} 20:6326‑6234, 1981.

41\. Dower, S. K., Titus, J. A., DeLisi, C. and Segal, D. M.: The
mechanism

of binding of multivalent immune complexes to Fc receptors: II. Kinetics

of binding. [Biochemistry]{.underline} 20:6335‑6340, 1981.

42\. Otani, I., Conrad, D. H., Carlo, J. R., Segal, D. M. and Ruddy, S.:

Phagocytosis by rat peritoneal mast cells: Independence of IgG Fc‑

mediated and C3‑mediated signals. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
129:2109‑2112, 1982.

43\. Titus, J. A., Haugland, R., Sharrow, S. O. and Segal, D. M.: Texas
Red,

a hydrophilic, red‑emitting fluorophore for use with fluorescein in dual

parameter flow microfluorometric and fluorescence microscopic studies.

[J. Immunol. Meth]{.underline}. 50:193‑204, 1982.

44\. Titus, J. A., Haynes, B. F., Thomas, C. A., Fauci, A. S. and Segal,
D.

M.: Analysis of Fc (IgG) receptors on human peripheral blood leukocytes

by flow microfluorometry. I. Receptor distributions on monocytes, T

cells and cells labeled with the 3A1 anti‑T cell monoclonal antibody.

[Eur. J. Immunol]{.underline}. 12:474‑479, 1982.

45\. Segal, D. M., Dower, S. K. and Titus, J. A.: The FcR‑mediated

endocytosis of model immune complexes by cells from the P388D1 mouse

macrophage line. I. Internalization of small, non‑aggregating oligomers

of IgG. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 130:130‑137, 1983.

46\. Segal, D. M., Titus, J. A., and Dower, S. K.: The FcR‑mediated

endocytosis of model immune complexes by cells from the P388D1 mouse

macrophage line. II. The role of ligand‑induced self‑aggregation in

promoting internalization. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 130:138‑144, 1983.

47\. Titus, J. A., Sharrow, S. O., and Segal, D. M.: Analysis of Fc
(IgG)

receptors on human peripheral blood leukocytes by dual fluorescence flow

microfluorometry. II. Quantitation of receptors on cells which express

the OKM1, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 antigens. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
130:1152‑1157,

1983\.

48\. Isersky, C., Rivera, J., Segal, D. M. and Triche, T.: The fate of
IgE

bound to rat basophilic leukemia cells. II. Endocytosis of IgE

oligomers and effect on receptor turnover. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
131:388‑391,

1983\.

49\. Segal, D. M., Dower, S. K., Titus, J. A., and Jones, J. F.:
Requirements

for multivalent interactions between antibody and Fc receptors in
binding

and lysis during ADCC. In Koren, H. S. (Ed.): [Macrophage Mediated
ADCC]{.underline},

Marcel Dekker, New York, 1983, pp. 169‑183.

50\. Jones, J. F. and Segal, D. M.: Antibody‑dependent cell‑mediated
cyto‑

lysis (ADCC) using franked effector cells. In Koren, H. S. (ed.):

[Macrophage Mediated ADCC]{.underline}, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1983,
pp. 85‑95.

51\. Koren, H. S., Fischer, D. G., Titus, J. A. and Segal, D. M.:
Activation

of U937 cells results in increased ADCC activity and FcR expression.

Submitted to [Macrophage Mediated ADCC]{.underline}, Koren, H. S. (Ed.),
Marcel Dekker,

New York, 1983, pp 43‑51.

52\. Segal, D. M., Dower, S. K. and Titus, J. A.: The role of non‑immune
IgG

in controlling IgG‑mediated effector functions. [Mol.
Immunol]{.underline}. 20:1177‑

1189, 1983.

53\. Dower, S. K., Ozato, K. and Segal, D. M.: The interaction of
monoclonal

antibodies with MHC Class I antigens on mouse spleen cells. I. Analysis

of the mechanism of binding. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 132:751‑758,
1984.

54\. Segal, D. M. and Stephany, D. A.: The measurement of specific
cell:cell

interactions by dual parameter flow cytometry. The Fc receptor‑mediated

aggregation of P388D1 cells with antibody‑coated spleen cells.
[Cytometry]{.underline}

5:169‑181, 1984.

55\. Segal, D. M. and Stephany, D. A.: The mechanism of intercellular

aggregation. I. The kinetics of the Fcτ receptor‑mediated aggregation

of P388D1 cells with antibody‑coated lymphocytes at 4C. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 132:

1924‑1930, 1984.

56\. Dower, S. K., Titus, J. A. and Segal, D. M.: \"The Binding of
Multivalent

Ligands to Cell Surface Receptors\" in [Cell Surface
Dynamics]{.underline}, A. S.

Perelson, C. DeLisi, and F. W. Wiegel. (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York,

1984, pp 277‑328.

57\. Levy, R. B., Dower, S. K., Shearer, G. M. and Segal, D. M.:
Trinitro‑

phenyl modification of H‑2^k^ and H‑2^b^ spleen cells results in
enhanced

serological detection of K^k^‑like determinants. [J. Exp.
Med]{.underline}. 159:1464‑

1472, 1984.

58\. Katona, I. M., Urban, J. F., Titus, J. M., Stephany, D. A., Segal,
D. M.

and Finkelman, F. D.: Characterization of murine lymphocyte IgE

receptors by flow microfluorometry. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
133:1521‑1528, 1984.

59\. Titus, J. A., Finkelman, F. D., Stephany, D. A., Jones, J. F. and
Segal,

D. M.: Quantitative analysis of Fcτ receptors on murine spleen cell

populations using dual parameter flow cytometry. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 133:556‑

561, 1984.

60\. Karpovsky, B., Titus, J. A., Stephany, D. A., and Segal, D. M.: The

production of target specific effector cells using hetero‑crosslinked

aggregates containing anti‑target cell and anti‑Fcτ receptor antibodies.

[J. Exp. Med]{.underline}. 160:1686‑1701, 1984.

61\. Dower, S. K. and Segal, D. M.: Interaction of monoclonal antibodies
with

MHC class I antigens on mouse spleen cells. II. Levels of expression of

H‑2K, H‑2D, and H‑2L in different mouse strains. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 134:431‑435,

1985\.

62\. Perez, P., Bluestone, J. A., Stephany, D. A., and Segal, D. M.:
Quantita‑

tive measurements of the specificity and kinetics of conjugate formation

betwen cloned cytotoxic T‑lymphocytes and splenic targets cells by dual

parameter flow cytometry. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 134:478‑485, 1985.

63\. Perez, P., Hoffman, R. W., Shaw, S., Bluestone, J. A., and Segal,
D. M.:

Specific targeting of cytotoxic T cells by anti‑T3 linked to anti‑target

cell antibody. [Nature]{.underline} 316:354‑356, 1985.

64\. Bluestone, J. A., Foo, M., Allen, H., Segal, D.M., and Flavell, R.
A.:

Allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes recognize conformational

determinants on hybrid mouse transplantation antigens. [J. Exp.
Med.]{.underline}

162:268‑281, 1985.

65\. Perez, P., Hoffman, R. W., Titus, J. A., and Segal, D. M.: Specific

targeting of human peripheral blood T cells by heteroaggregates

containing anti‑T3 cross linked to anti‑target cell antibodies. [J.
Exp.]{.underline}

[Med.]{.underline} 163:166‑178, 1986.

66\. Segal, D. M., Karpovsky, B., Stephany, D. A., Perez, P., Titus, J.
A.,

and Covell, D. G.: The role of Fcτ receptors in mediating conjugate

formation and target cell lysis. In:[Dynamics of Biochemical
Systems]{.underline}. S.

Damjanovich, T. Keletic and L. Tron (eds.) Akademiai Kiado, Budapest,

1986, pp. 341‑356.

67\. Perez, P., Titus, J. A., Lotze, M. T., Cuttitta, F. , Longo, D. L.,

Groves, E. S., Rabin, H., Durda, P. J., and Segal, D. M.: Specific lysis

of human tumor cells by T cells coated with anti‑T3 crosslinked to anti‑

tumor antibody. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 137:2069‑2072, 1986.

68\. Segal, D. M., Perez, P., Karpovsky, B., and Titus, J. A.: Targeting
of

cytotoxic cells with cross linked antibody heteroaggregates.
[Mol.]{.underline}

[Immunol]{.underline}. 23:1211‑1214, 1986.

69\. Segal, D. M., Karpovsky, B., Stephany, D. A., Perez, P., Titus, J.
A.,

and Covell, D. G.: The role of Fcγ receptors in mediating conjugate

formation and target cell lysis. In: [Dynamics of Biochemical
Systems]{.underline}, S.

Damjanovick, T. Keletic, and L. Tron (eds.), Akademias Kiado, Budapest,

1986, pp. 341‑358.

71\. Segal, D. M., Titus, J. A., and Stephany, D. A.: The use of
fluorescence

flow cytometry for the study of lymphoid cell receptors. [Methods
in]{.underline}

[Enzymol]{.underline}. 150:478‑492, 1987.

72\. Leo, O., Foo, M., Segal, D. M., Shevach, E., and Bluestone, J. A.:

Activation of murine T lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies: Detection

in Lyt2^+^ cells of an antigen not associated with the T cell receptor

complex but involved in T cell activation. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
139:1214‑1222,

1987\.

73\. Titus, J. A., Garrido, M. A., Hecht, T. T., Winkler, D. F.,
Wunderlich,

J. R., and Segal, D. M.: Human T cells targeted with anti‑T3 crosslinked

to anti‑tumor antibody prevent tumor growth in nude mice. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}.

138:4018‑4022, 1987.

74\. Snider, D. P., and Segal, D. M.: Targeted antigen presentation
using

crosslinked antibody heteroaggregates. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
139:1609‑1616, 1987.

75\. Titus, J. A., Perez, P., Kaubisch, A., Garrido, M. A., and Segal,
D. M.:

Human K/natural killer cells targeted with hetero‑cross‑linked
antibodies

specifically lyse tumor cells in vitro and prevent tumor growth in vivo.

[J. Immunol]{.underline}. 139:3153‑3158, 1987.

76\. Leo, O., Foo, M., Henkart, P. A., Perez, P., Shinohara, N., Segal,
D. M.,

and Bluestone, J. A.: Role of accessory molecules in signal transduction

of CTL by anti‑T cell receptor and anti‑Ly‑6.2C monoclonal antibodies.

[J. Immunol]{.underline}. 139:3556‑3563, 1987.

77\. Segal, D. M.: The use of flow cytometry in the study of
intercellular

aggregation. In: [The Physical Basis for Cell:Cell
Adhesions]{.underline}, P.

Bongrand (ed.). CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1988, pp. 157‑172.

78\. Segal, D. M. and Wunderlich, J. R.: Targeting of cytotoxic cells
with

heterocrosslinked antibodies. [Cancer Invest]{.underline}. 6:83‑92,
1988.

79\. Segal, D. M., Garrido, M. A., Perez, P., Titus, J. A., Winkler, D.
A.,

and Ring, D. B.: Targeted cytotoxic cells as a novel form of cancer

immunotherapy. [Mol. Immunol]{.underline}. 25:1099‑1103, 1988.

80\. Paya, C. V., McKean, D. J., Segal, D. M., Schoan, R. A., Showalter,
S.

D., and Leibson, P. J.: Heteroconjugate antibodies enhance cell‑mediated

anti‑herpes simplex virus immunity. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
142:666‑671, 1989.

81\. Goedegebuure, P. S., Segal, D. M., Braakman, E., Vreugdenhill, R.
J.,

Van Krimpen, B. A., Van de Griend, R. J., and Bolhuis, R. L. J.:

Induction of lysis by T cell receptor τδ+/CD4+ T lymphocytes via CD2

requires triggering via the T11.1 epitope only. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 142:1797‑

1802, 1989.

82\. Hathcock, K. S., Segal, D. M., and Hodes, R. J.: Activation of
Lyt2^+^

(CD8^+^) and L3T4^+^ (CD4^+^) T cell sublets by anti‑receptor antibody.
[J.]{.underline}

[Immunol]{.underline}. 142:2181‑2186, 1989.

83\. Quinones, R. R., Segal, D. M., Henkart, P., Perez, P., and Gress,
R. E.:

Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell lysis by anti‑CD8 monoclonal antibodies.

Studies with CD3‑targeted cytolysis of nominal antigen‑negative targets.

[J. Immunol]{.underline}. 142:2200‑2206, 1989.

84\. Segal, D. M., Snider, D. P., Perez, P., Qian, J‑H., Titus, J. A.,

Garrido, M. A., Winkler, D. A., Wunderlich, J. R.: The use of hetero‑

crosslinked monoclonal antibodies in targeting cytotoxic cells and

in facilitating antigen presentation. [Actua Sandoz]{.underline}.
14:58‑70, 1989.

85\. Snider, D. P., and Segal, D. M.: Efficiency of antigen presentation

following antigen targeting to surface IgD, IgM, MHC, FC RII, and B220

molecules of murine splenic B cells. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
143:59‑65, 1989.

86\. Segal, D. M., Qian, J‑H, Garrido, M. A., Perez, P., Winkler, D. F.,

Wunderlich, J. R., Snider, D. P., Valdayo, M. J., and Titus, J. A.:

Targeting of cytotoxic cells against tumors with heterocrosslinked

bispecific antibodies. In: [Immune System and Cancer]{.underline}, T.
Hamaoka, R. J.

Hodes, G. Klein, T. Sugimum, S. Takayama, and Y. Yamamura (eds.). Japan

Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1989, pp. 323‑331.

87\. Segal, D. M., and Snider, D. P.: Targeting and activation of
cytotoxic

lymphocytes. [Chem. Immunol]{.underline}. 47:179‑213, 1989.

88\. van Dijk, J., Tsuruo, T., Segal, D. M., Bolhuis, R. L. H.,
Colognola, R.,

van de Griend, R. J., Fleuren, G. J., and Warnaar, S. O.: Bispecific

antibodies reactive with the multidrug‑resistance‑related glycoprotein

and CD3 induce lysis of multidrug‑resistant tumor cells. [Int. J.
Cancer]{.underline}

44:738‑743, 1989.

89\. Garrido, M. A., Valdayo, M. J., Winkler, D. F., Titus, J. A.,
Hecht, T.

T., Perez, P., Segal, D. M., and Wunderlich, J. R.: Targeting human T

lymphocytes with bispecific antibodies to react against human ovarian

carcinoma cells growing in nu/nu mice. [Cancer Res.]{.underline}
50:4227‑4232, 1990.

90\. Garrido, M. A., Perez, P., Titus, J. A., Valdayo, M. J., Winkler,
D. F.,

Barbieri, S. A., Wunderlich, J. R., and Segal, D. M.: Targeted cytotoxic

cells in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
144:2891‑2898,

1990

91\. Snider, D. P., Kaubisch, A., and Segal, D. M.: Enhanced antigen

immunogenicity induced by bispecific antibodies. [J. Exp.
Med]{.underline}. 171:1957‑

1963, 1990.

92\. Segal, D. M.: Antibody mediated killing by leukocytes. In:
[Fc]{.underline}

[Receptors and the Action of Antibodies]{.underline}, H. Metzger (ed.),
American Society

for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.,1990 pp291‑301.

93\. Braakman,E., Goedegebuure,P.S., Vreugdenhil,R.J., Segal,D.M.
Shaw,S., and

Bolhuis,R.L.H. ICAM‑ melanoma cells are relatively resistant to CD3‑

mediated T‑cell lysis targeting. [Int.J.Cancer]{.underline} 46:475‑480,
1990

94\. Donohue, J.H., Ramsey, P.S., Kerr, L.A., Segal, D.M. and McKean,
D.J.

Enhanced in vitro lysis of human ovarian carcinomas with activated

peripheral blood lymphocytes and bifunctional immune heteroaggregates.

[Cancer Research]{.underline} 50:6508‑6514, 1990.

95\. Garrido, M. A., Valdayo, M. J., Winkler, D. F., Titus, J. A.,
Hecht, T.

T., Perez, P., Segal, D. M., and Wunderlich, J. R.: Refocussing the

immune system to react with human tumors by targeting human lymphocytes

with bispecific antibodies. [Develop. biol. Standard.]{.underline}
71:33‑42, 1990.

96\. Segal, D.M., Garrido, M.A., Qian, J‑h., Mezzanzanica, D., Andrew,
S.M.,

Perez, P., Kurucz, I., Valdayo, M.J., Titus, J.A., Winkler, D.F., and

Wunderlich, J.R.: Effectors of targeted cellular cytotoxicity.

[Mol. Immunol.]{.underline} 27:1339‑1342, 1990.

97\. Fanger,M.W., Segal,D.M., Romet‑Lemonne,J.‑L.: Bispecific antibodies
and

targeted cellular cytotoxicity. [Immunol.Today]{.underline} 12:51‑54,
1991

98\. Segal, D. M.: The use of flow cytometry to measure cell‑cell

interactions and conjugate formation. in [Current Protocols In
Immunology]{.underline}.

[Vol. 1]{.underline}, Coligan, J. E., Kruisbeek, A. M., Margulies, D.
H., Shevach,

E. M., and Strober, W. eds. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chapter 5,

pp 5.6.1‑5.6.8. (1991)

99\. Goedegebuure, P. S., Braakman, E., Segal, D. M., Vreugdenhill, R.
J., and

Bolhuis, R. L. H.: Lymphocyte leukocyte function‑associated antigen 1

interacting with target cell intercellular adhesion molecule 1 co‑

activates cytolysis triggered via CD16 or the receptor involved in

major histocompatibility antigen‑unrestricted lysis.
[International]{.underline}

[Immunol]{.underline}. 2:1213‑1220 (1990).

100.Qian, J‑H., Titus, J.A., Andrew, S.M., Mezzanzanica, D., Garrido,
M.A.,

Wunderlich, J.R. and Segal, D.M.: Human PBL targeted with bispecific

antibodies release cytokines that are essential for inhibiting tumor

growth. [J.Immunol.]{.underline} 146:3250‑3256 (1991).

101.Snider, D.P., Uppenkamp, I.K., Titus, J.A., and Segal, D.M.:
Processing

fate of protein antigen attached to IgD or MHC molecules on normal

B lymphocytes using heterocrosslinked bispecific antibodies.
[Mol]{.underline}.

[Immunol.]{.underline} 28:779‑788 (1991).

102.Weil‑Hillman, G., Schell, K., Segal, D.M., Hank, J.A., Sosman, J.A.,
and

Sondel, P.M.: Activation of human T cells obtained pre‑ and post‑

interleukin‑2 (IL‑2) therapy by anti‑CD3 monoclonal antibody plus

IL‑2: Implications for combined in vivo treatment. [J.
Immunotherapy]{.underline} 10:

267‑277 (1991).

103.Mezzanzanica, D., Garrido, M.A., Neblock, D.S., Dadonna, P.E.,
Andrew

S.M., Zurawski, V.R. Jr., Segal, D.M., and Wunderlich, J.R.: Human T‑

lymphocytes targeted against an established ovarian carcinoma with a

bispecific F(ab\')~2~ antibody prolong host survival in a murine
xenograft

model. [Cancer Research]{.underline} 51:5716‑5721 (1991).

104.Segal, D.M., Qian, J‑h., Andrew, S.M., Titus, J.A., Mezzanzanica,
D.,

Garrido, M.A., and Wunderlich, J.R.: Cytokine release by PBL targeted

with bispecific anti­bodies, and its role in blocking tumor growth.
[Annal]{.underline}

[N.Y. Acad. Sci.]{.underline} 636:288‑294 (1991).

105.Frey, J.L., Bino, T., Kantor R.R., Segal, D.M., Giardina, S.L.,
Roder, J., Anderson, S., Ortaldo, J.R. Mechanism of target cell
recognition by natural killer cells: characterization of a novel
triggering molecule restricted to CD3^‑^ large granular

lymphocytes. [J. Exp. Med.]{.underline} 174:1527‑36(1991).

106.Wunderlich, J.R., Mezzanzanica, D., Garrido, M.A., Neblock, D.S.,
Daddona, P.E., Andr ew, S.M., Zurawski, V.R., Canevari, S., Colnaghi,
M.I., Segal, D.M.,. Bispecific

antibodies and retargeted cellular cytotoxicity: novel approaches to
cancer therapy.

[Int J Clin Lab Res]{.underline} 22:17‑20(1992).

107.Segal, D.M., Urch, C.E., George, A.J.T., and Jost, C.R.: Bispecific

antibodies in cancer treatment. in [Biologic Therapy of Cancer
Updates]{.underline},

vol 2. V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, eds. J. B.
Lippincott

Co., Philadelphia. 1992 pp. 1‑12.

108.Segal, D.M., Qian, J‑h., Mezzanzanica, D., Garrido, M.A., Titus,
J.A.,

Andrew, S.M., George, A.J.T., Jost, C.R., Perez, P. and John R.
Wunderlich:

Targeting of anti‑tumor responses with bispecific antibodies.
[Immunobiol.]{.underline}

185:390-402 (1992).

109.Segal, D.M., Qian, J-h.,Titus, J. A., Moreno, M.B., George, A.J.T.,
Jost,

C.R., Kurucz, I., El-Gamil, M., and Wunderlich, J.R.: Targeted cytokine

production. [Int. J. Cancer]{.underline} (Supl. 7) 36-38 (1992).

110.Kurucz, I., Jost, C.R., George, A.J.T., Andrew, S.M., and Segal,
D.M.:

A bacterially-expressed single chain Fv construct from the 2B4 T cell

receptor. [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA.]{.underline} 90:3830-3834 (1993).

111.Segal, D.M., Jost, C.R., and George, A.J.T.: Targeted cellular

cytotoxicity. in Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector

Function, Generation and Methods, M. Sitkovsky and P.A. Henkart, eds.

Burkhauser, Boston, pp 96-110, 1993

112.George, A.J.T., Titus, J.A., Jost, C.R., Kurucz, I., Perez, P.,
Andrew, S.M.,

Nicholls, P.J., Huston, J.S., and Segal, D.M., Redirection of T
cell-mediated

cytotoxicity by a recombinant single-chain Fv molecule. [J.
Immunol.]{.underline} 152

1802-1811 (1994)

113.Daeron, M., Malbec, O., Latour, S., Bonnerot, C., Segal, D.M., and
Fridman,

W.H.,Distinct intracytoplasmic sequences are required for endocytosis
and

phagocytosis via murine Fc~γ~RII in mast cells. [International
Immunol.]{.underline} 5:1393-

1401(1993).

114.Daeron M., Malbec O., Bonnerot C., Latour S., Segal D.M., Fridman
W.H.,

Tyrosine‑containing activation motif‑dependent phagocytosis in mast
cells.

[J. Immunol.]{.underline} 152:783‑92(1994).

115.Jost, C.R., Kurucz, I., Jacobus, C.M., Titus, J.A., George, A.J.T.,

and David M.Segal. Mammalian expression and secretion of functional

single-chain Fv molecules. [J.Biol.Chem.]{.underline}
269:26267-26273(1994).

116.Sconocchia, G., Titus, J.A., and Segal, D.M. CD44 is a cytotoxic
triggering molecule in human peripheral blood NK and T cells.
[J.Immunol.]{.underline} 153:5473-5481(1994).

117.Segal, D.M., Bakacs, T., Jost, C.R., Kurucz,I., Sconocchia, G., and
Titus, J.A.,

T cell targeted cytotoxicity. in [Bispecific Antibodies]{.underline}, M.
Fanger, ed. R.G. Landes

Co. Austin, Texas, 1995, pp 27-42.

118.Reiter, Y., Kurucz, I., Brinkmann, U., Jung, S. Lee, B., Segal,
D.M., and

Pastan, I. Construction of a functional disulfide-stabilized TCR Fv
indicates

that antibody and TCR Fv frameworks are very similar in structure.
[Immunity]{.underline}

2:281-287(1995).

119.Huston, J.S., George, A.J.T., Tai,M., McCartney, J.E., Jin, D.,
Segal, D.M.,

Keck, P., and Oppermann, H. Single-chain Fv design and production by
preparative

folding. in [Antibody Engineering, 2nd ed.]{.underline} C.A.K.
Borrebaeck, ed., Oxford

Univ. Press, Oxford. 1995, pp 185-227.

120.Kurucz, I., Titus, J.A., Jost, C.R., Jacobus, C. M., and Segal, D.M.
Retargeting

of CTL by an efficiently refolded bispecific single-chain Fv dimer
produced in

bacteria. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 154:4576-4582 (1995).

121.Moreno, M.B., Titus, J.A., Cole, M.S., Tso, J.Y., Le,N., Paik, C.H.,

Bakacs, T., Zacharchuk, C.M., Segal, D.M., and Wunderlich, J.R.
Bispecific

antibodies retarget murine T cell cytotoxicity against syngeneic breast

cancer in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Immunol. Immunother.]{.underline}
40:182-190 (1995).

122\. Segal, D.M., and Bast, B.J.E.G., Production of bispecific
antibodies.

in [Current Protocols In Immunology]{.underline}. [Vol. 1]{.underline},
Coligan, J. E., Kruisbeek,

A. M., Margulies, D. H., Shevach, E. M., and Strober, W. eds. John Wiley

& Sons, New York. Pp 2.13.1-2.13.16.

123.Bakács, T., Lee, J., Moreno, M.B., Zacharchuk, C.M., Cole, M.S.,
Tso, J.Y.,

Paik, C.H., Ward, J.M., and Segal, D.M. A bispecific antibody prolongs
survival

in mice bearing lung metastases of syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma.
[International]{.underline}

[Immunol.]{.underline} 7:947-955 (1995).

124.George, A.J.T., Titus, J.A., Jost, C.R., Kurucz, I. Perez, P.,
Andrew, S.M., Nicholls, P.J., Huston, J.S., and Segal, D.M. Redirection
of cellular cytotoxicity. [Cell Biophysics]{.underline} 26:153-165
(1995).

125.Segal, D.M. Magic Cells (Commentary). [Tumor Targeting]{.underline}
1:183-184 (1995).

126\. Kurucz, I., Titus, J.A., Jost, C.R., and Segal, D.M. Correct
disulfide pairing and

efficient refolding of detergent-solubilized single-chain Fv proteins
from bacterial

inclusion bodies. [Mol. Immunol.]{.underline} 32:1443-1452 (1995).

127\. Segal, D.M., Sconocchia, G., Titus, J.A., Jost, C.R. and Kurucz,
I. Alternative triggering molecules and single chain bispecific
antibodies. [J. Hematother.]{.underline} 4:377‑82 (1995)

128\. Jost, C.R., Titus, J.A., Kurucz, I., and Segal, D.M. A
single-chain bispecific Fv~2~molecule produced in mammalian cells
redirects lysis by activated CTL. [Mol. Immunol]{.underline}. 33:211-219
(1996).

129\. Wickham, T.J., Segal, D.M., Roelvink, P.W., Carrion, M.E.,
Lizonova, A., Lee,G.M., and Kovesdi, I. Targeted adenovirus gene
transfer to endothelial and smooth muscle cells using bispecific
antibodies. [J. Virol.]{.underline} 70:6831-6838 (1996)

130\. Pericle, F. Sconocchia, G., Titus, J.A., and Segal, D.M. CD44 is a
cytotoxic triggering molecule on human polymorphonuclear cells. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 157:4657-4663(1996).

131\. Vance, B.A., Zacharchuk, C.M., and Segal, D.M., Recombinant mouse
Bcl-2~(1-203)~: Two domains connected by a long proteases sensitive
linker. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 271:30811-30815(1996).

132\. Sconocchia, G., Titus, J.A., and Segal, D.M. Signaling pathways
regulating CD44-dependent cytolysis in NK cells. [Blood]{.underline}
90:716-725 (1997)

133\. Pericle, F., Kirken, R.A., Bronte, V., Sconocchia, G., DaSilva,
L., and Segal, D.M. Immunocompromised tumor-bearing mice show a
selective loss of STAT5a/b expression in T and B lymphocytes. [J.
Immunol.]{.underline} 159:2580-2585 (1997).

134\. Vance, B., Wu, W., Ribaudo, R.K., Segal, D.M., and Kearse, K.P.,
Multiple dimeric forms of human CD69 results from differential addition
of N-glycans to typical (asn-x-ser, thr) and atypical (asn-x-cys)
glycosylation motifs. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 272:23117-23122
(1997).

135\. Wickham, T.J., Lee, G.M., Titus J.A., Sconocchia, G., Bakacs, T.,
Kovesdi, I., and Segal, D.M. Targeted adenovirus-mediated gene delivery
to T cells via CD3. [J. Virol.]{.underline} 71:7663-7669 (1997).

136\. Pericle, F., Pinto, L.A., Kirken, R.A., Sconocchia, G., Hicks, S.,
Rusnak, J., Dolan, M.J., Shearer, G.M., and Segal, D.M. HIV-1 infection
induces a selective reduction in STAT5 protein expression. [J.Immunol.
(Cutting Edge)]{.underline} 160:28-31 (1998).

137\. Segal, D.M., Vance, B.A., and Sconocchia, G. Bispecific
Antibodies, in Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy: Technologies,
Mechanisms and Clinical Data, S. Matzku, and R. A. Stahel, eds. Harwood
Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1999 pp 49-80.

138\. Harari, O.A., Wickham, T.J., Stocker, C.J., Kovesdi, I., Segal,
D.M., Huehns, T.Y., Sarraf, C., and Haskard, D.O. Targeting an
adenoviral gene vector to cytokine-activated vascular endothelium via
E-selectin. [Gene Therapy]{.underline} 6:801-807 (1999).

139\. Segal, D.M., Weiner, G.J., and Weiner, L.M.. Bispecific Antibodies
in Cancer Therapy [Current]{.underline} [Opinion in
Immunology]{.underline} 11: 558-562 (1999).

140\. Segal, D.M., Hicks, S.W., Mazzoni, A., and Visintin, A. Redirected
Cellular Cytotoxicity, in Cytotoxic Cells: Basic Mechanisms and Medical
Applications, M.V. Sitkovsky and P.A. Henkart, editors. Lippincott,
Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia. 1999, pp 405-422.

141\. Sconocchia, G., Titus, J. A., Mazzoni, A., Visintin, A. Pericle,
F., Hicks, S.W., Malavasi, F., and Segal, D.M. CD38 triggers cytotoxic
responses in activated human natural killer cells. [BLOOD]{.underline}
94:3864-3871 (1999).

142\. Griffin, M.D., Hong, D.K., Holman, P.O., Lee, K.M., Whitters,
M.J., O\'Herrin, S.M., Fallarino, F., Collins, M., Segal, D.M.,
Gajewsk,i T.F., Kranz, D.M., Bluestone, J.A. Blockade of T cell
activation using a surface‑linked single‑chain antibody to CTLA‑4. [J
Immunol]{.underline} 164:4433‑42 (2000).

143\. Apolloni , E, Bronte, V, Mazzoni, A, Serafini, P, Cabrelle, A,.
Segal, D.M, Young, H.A, and Zanovello, P. Immortalized Myeloid
Suppressor Cells Trigger Apoptosis in Antigen-activated T Lymphocytes.
[J. Immunol.]{.underline} 165:6723-6730 (2000)

144\. Wyllie D.H., Smith S.C., Visintin, A., Kiss-Toth E., Boussouf, S.,
Segal, D.M., Duff, G.W. and Dower, S.K. Evidence for an accessory
protein function for TLR-1 in anti-bacterial responses. [J.
Immunol.]{.underline}165:7125-7132 (2000).

145.Visintin, A, Mazzoni,A, Spitzer, J.H., Wyllie,D.H., Dower, S.K. and
Segal,D.M. Regulation of Toll Like Receptors in human monocytes and
dendritic cells. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.166:249-255 (2001).

146\. Segal, D.M.., Weiner, G.J., and Weiner, L.M. Bispecific
Antibodies. [J. Immunol. Methods]{.underline} 248:1-6(2001)

147\. Israel, B.F., Pickles , R.J., Segal, D.M., Gerard, R.D., and
Kenney, S.C. Enhancement of adenovirus vector entry into CD70‑positive
B‑cell lines by using a bispecific CD70‑adenovirus fiber antibody. [J
Virol]{.underline} 75:5215‑21 (2001).

148\. Visintin, A., Mazzoni, A., Spitzer, J.H., and Segal, D.M. Secreted
MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers
lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4. [Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci]{.underline}. 98:12156-61 (2001).

149\. Mazzoni, A., Young, H. A., Spitzer, J.H., Visintin, A., and Segal,
D. M. Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic
cells resulting in altered T cell polarization.
[J.Clin.Invest]{.underline}. 108:1865-1873 (2001).

150\. Mazzoni, A, Bronte, V, Apolloni, E, Serafini, P, Zanovello, P,
Visintin, A, Spitzer, J.H., Titus, J.A. and Segal, D.M. Myeloid
suppressor lines inhibit T cell responses by nitric oxide dependent and
independent mechanisms. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 168:689-695 (2002).

151\. Spitzer, J.H., Visintin, A., Mazzoni, A., and Segal, D. M. TLR1
abrogates the TLR4-mediated response to LPS in human endothelial cells.
[Eur. J. Immunol]{.underline}. 32:1182-1187 (2002).

152\. Biragyn, A., Ruffini, P.A., Leifer, C.A., Klyushnenkova, E.,
Shakhov, A., Chertov, O., Shirakawa, A., Farber, J., Segal, D.M.,
Oppenheim, J.J., and Kwak, L.W. Toll like receptor 4 activation of
dendritic cells mediated by the endogenous antimicrobial peptide
-defensin-2. [Science]{.underline} 298:1025-1029 (2002).

153\. Bronte, V., Serafini, P., De Santo, C., Marigo, I., Tosello, V.,
Mazzoni, A., Segal, D.M., Staib, C., Lowel, M., Sutter, G., Colombo,
M.P., and P. Zanovello. IL-4-induced arginase 1 suppresses alloreactive
T cells in tumor-bearing mice. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 170:270--278
(2003).

# 154. Mazzoni, A., Leifer, C.A., Mullen, G.E.D., Kennedy, M.N., Klinman, D.M., and Segal, D.M. Histamine inhibits IFN- release from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. [J.Immunol. (Cutting Edge)]{.underline} 170:2269-2273 (2003).

# 155. Mullen, G.E.D., Kennedy, M.N., Visintin, A., Mazzoni, A., Leifer, C.A., Davies, D.R., and Segal, D.M. The role of disulfide bonds in the assembly and function of MD-2. [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci]{.underline}. 100:3919-3924 (2003).

### 156. Bronte, V., Serafini, P., Mazzoni, A., Segal, D.M., and Zanovello. P. L-arginine metabolism in myeloid cells controls T-lymphocyte functions. [Trends Immunol]{.underline}. 24:301-5 (2003).

157\. Huang, L-H., Aliberti, J., Leifer, C.A., Segal, D.M., Sher, A.,
Golenbock, D.T., and Golding, B. Heat-Killed *Brucella abortus* Induces
TNF and IL-12p40 by Distinct MyD88-Dependent Pathways: TNF, Unlike
IL-12p40 Secretion, Is Toll-Like Receptor 2 Dependent. [J.
Immunol]{.underline}. 171:1441-6 (2003).

158\. Bell, J.K., Mullen, G.E.D., Leifer, C.A., Mazzoni, A., Davies,
D.R., and Segal, D.M. Leucine-rich repeats and pathogen recognition in
Toll-like receptors. [Trends Immunol.]{.underline} 24:528-533 (2003).

159\. Mazzoni, A., and Segal, D.M. Controlling the Toll road to
dendritic cell polarization[. J. Leuk. Biol.]{.underline} 75:721-730
(2004).

## 160. Leifer, C.A., Kennedy, M.N., Mazzoni, A., Lee, C., Kruhlak, M.J., and Segal, D.M. TLR9 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to stimulation. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 173:1179-1183 (2004).

161\. Kennedy, M.N., Mullen, G.E.D., Leifer, C.A., Lee, C., Mazzoni, A.,
and Segal, D.M. A complex of soluble MD-2 and lipopolysaccharide serves
as an activating ligand for toll-like receptor 4.
[J.Biol.Chem.]{.underline} 279:34698-34704 (2004).

162\. Bell, J.K., Botos, I., Hall, P.R., Askins, J., Shiloach,J., Segal,
D.M. and Davies, D.R. The molecular structure of the Toll-like Receptor
3 ligand binding domain. [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci]{.underline}.
102:10976-10980 (2005).

163\. Bell, J.K., Botos, I., Hall, P.R., Askins, J., Shiloach,J.,
Davies, D.R. and Segal, D.M. The molecular structure of the TLR3
extracellular domain. [J. Endotox. Res.]{.underline} 12:375-378 (2006).

164\. Bell, J.K., Askins, J., Hall, P.R., Davies, D.R., and Segal, D.M.
The dsRNA binding site of human Toll-like receptor 3. [Proc. Nat. Acad.
Sci]{.underline}. 103:8792-8797 (2006).

165\. Rallabhandi, P., Bell, J., Boukhvalova, M.S., Medvedev, A.,
Lorenz, E., Arditi, M., Hemming, V.G., Blanco, J.C.G., Segal, D.M., and
Vogel, S.N. **Analysis of TLR4 Polymorphic Variants: New Insights into
TLR4/MD-2/CD14 Stoichiometry, Structure, and Signaling**. [J.
Immunol.]{.underline} 177:322-332 (2006).

166\. Mazzoni, A., Siraganian, R.P., Leifer, C.A., and Segal, D.M.
Dendritic cell modulation by mast cells controls the Th1/Th2 balance in
responding T cells. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 177:3577-3581 (2006).

167\. Leifer, C.A., Brooks, J.C., Hoelzer, K., Lopez, J., Kennedy, M.N.,
Mazzoni, A., and Segal. D.M. Cytoplasmic targeting motifs control the
intracellular localization of TLR9. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline}
281:35585-35592 (2006).

168\. Talreja, J., Dileepan, K., Puri, S., Kabir, M.H., Segal, D.M.,
Stechschulte, D.J., and Dileepan K.N. Human conjunctival epithelial
cells lack lipopolysaccharide responsiveness due to deficient expression
of MD-2 but respond after interferon-gamma priming or soluble MD-2
supplementation. [Inflammation]{.underline} 29:170-181 (2005).

169\. Kocabas, C., Katsenelson, N., Kanswal, S., Kennedy, M.N., Cui, X.,
Blake, M.S., Segal, and D.M., Akkoyunlu, M. *Neisseria meningitidis*
type C capsular polysaccharide inhibits lipooligosaccharide-induced cell
activation by binding to CD14. Cellular Microbiology 9:1297--1310.
(2007).

170\. Wang, Z.W., Yang, D., Chen, Q., Leifer, C.A., Segal, D.M., Su,
S.B., Caspi, R.R, Howard, Z.O.M., and Oppenheim, J.J. Induction of
dendritic cell maturation by pertussis toxin and its B subunit
differentially initiate Toll-like receptor 4--dependent signal
transduction pathways.  Experimental Hematology, 34:1115-1124 (2006).

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