# DESIGN PARAMETERS 

This section summarizes the design parameters of the NuMI.

#  Extraction and Primary beam 

# Proton Beam from Main Injector 

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Proton beam energy        | 120 GeV                                  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Spill cycle time          | 1.87 sec                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Bunch length              | 3-8 nsec                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Batch length              | 84 bunches                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Bunch spacing             | 18.8 nsec (53 MHz)                       |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Emittance                 | 40 mm-mr expected                        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | 500 mm-mr max                            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Momentum spread           | 2 x 10^-4^ p/p 2 expected                |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | 23 x 10^-3^ p/p 2 max                    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| NuMI spill (pbar          | 5 batches x 84 + 4x3 = 432 bunches =     |
| operation)                | 8.14 sec                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| NuMI spill (no pbar       | 6 batches x 84 + 5x3 = 519 bunches =     |
| operation)                | 9.78 sec                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Maximum intensity         | 4 x 10^13^ ppp (protons/spill)           |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Total beam power          | 404 kW at maximum intensity              |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

# Extraction Method and Parameters 

  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------
  Extraction                         Single turn

  Method                             3 traveling wave kicker magnets

                                     

  Position stability (transport)     1 mm max

  Beam size @ target                 1 mm H x 1 mm V ()

  Position stability @ target        250

  Angular stability @ target         60 -radian max

                                     

  Max DC beam loss (MI region)       10^-4^ at maximum intensity

  Max DC beam loss (Carrier pipe)    10^-6^ at maximum intensity

  Max DC beam loss (Pre-target)      10^-4^ at maximum intensity

  Max beam loss - accident           5 spills at maximum intensity
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------

# Instrumentation 

+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Dynamic range               | 100 (= 4x10^13^/4x10^11^               |
|                             | protons/spill)                         |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|                             |                                        |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Profile monitors            | Multi-wire SEM                         |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Number of wires/plane       | 48 of 0.003" gold plated tungsten      |
|                             | wires                                  |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Transport region            | 3 H + 3 V 1 mm wire spacing,           |
|                             | motor-driven                           |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Pre-Target                  | 2 H + 2 V 0.5 mm wire                  |
|                             | spacing,motor-driven                   |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Position reproducibility    | \< 50                                  |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Intensity range             | 2.5x10^11^ ppp to 4x10^13^ ppp         |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Channel signal/noise        | 100x over intensity range              |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Material in beam            | \<10^-4^ loss                          |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|                             |                                        |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Beam position monitors      | Cylindrical plate BPM                  |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Transport region            | 6 H + 6 V                              |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Position resolution         | 0.2 mm rms within 20 mm for 3x10^10^   |
|                             | to 9.5x10^10^ protons/bunch            |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Intensity resolution        | 3%                                     |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Sampling                    | One sample per batch                   |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Calibration                 | Electronics charge injection           |
|                             | inter-spill                            |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Pre-target                  | 2 H + 2 V                              |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Position resolution         | 0.05 mm rms within 6 mm for 3x10^10^   |
|                             | to 9.5x10^10^ protons/bunch            |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Intensity resolution        | 3%                                     |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Sampling                    | One sample per batch                   |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Calibration                 | Electronics charge injection           |
|                             | inter-spill                            |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Position stability @ target | 250                                    |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Toroid intensity monitor    |                                        |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Intensity resolution        | 3% absolute for \> 1x10^13^ppp         |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | 30% for \> 3x10^11^ppp                 |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Stability                   | \< 3% at \> 1x10^13^ppp                |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Beam loss monitors          | 35 Sealed gas ionization chambers      |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Accuracy                    | 30% at 2x10^8^ppp                      |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Dynamic range               | 2x10^8^ to 4x10^13^ppp                 |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Monitoring                  | High voltage status                    |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Function                    | Sensitive to small localized losses    |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
|                             |                                        |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Total Loss Monitors         | 4 coax hose ionization, Ar-CO2 purged  |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Carrier pipe region         | 1 of 430\' long, 2 of 215\' long       |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Pre-target region           | 1 spanning the entire region           |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Accuracy                    | 30% at 2x10^8^ppp                      |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Dynamic range               | 2x10^8^ to 4x10^13^ppp                 |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Monitoring                  | Radioactive source current inter-spill |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Function                    | Sensitive to large losses              |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+

# Neutrino Beam Devices 

[Low Energy Beam]{.underline} Peak at 3 GeV

[Baffle/Target Module]{.underline}

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Module motion control         

                                

  Baffle                        

  composition                   Graphite

  aperture                      5.4 mm H x 12 mm V

  length                        2 m

  motion control                \~10 cm H (manual drive)

  cooling                       Air or RAW under consideration

                                

  Target                        

  composition                   Graphite segments (Poco ZXF-5Q)

  length                        47 of 20 mm long segments, 0.3mm spacing

  density                       1.686 0.025 gm/cm^3^

  width                         6.4 mm

  height                        18 mm

  cooling                       RAW cooling tubes top/bottom of fin

  distance from horn 1          35 cm to Monte Carlo upstream end

  motion control                \~1 m Z insertion into Horn 1 (manual
                                drive)
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

[Neutrino Horn 1 Module]{.underline}

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Horn shape                    Double Parabolic

  Construction                  Nickel plated aluminum inner conductor
                                Anodized aluminum outer conductor

  Minimum aperture field-free   9 mm radius
  neck                          

  Inner conductor thickness     2 mm (min) -- 4.5 mm (max at neck)

  Outer conductor               11.75 inch I.D. 13.75 inch O.D.

  Horn Length                   300 cm focus region, 132 inches overall

  Current                       200 kA

  Motion control                1 cm H x 1 cm V each end (motor drive)

  Horn cooling                  RAW spray, 30 gal/min
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

[Neutrino Horn 2 Module]{.underline}

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Horn shape                    Double Parabolic

  Construction                  Nickel plated aluminum inner conductor
                                Anodized aluminum outer conductor

  Minimum aperture field-free   3.9 cm radius
  neck                          

  Inner conductor thickness     3 mm (min) - 5 mm (max)

  Outer conductor               29.134 inch I.D. 31.134 inch O.D.

  Horn Length                   300 cm focus region, 143 inches overall

  Current                       200 kA

  Motion control                None

  Distance from Horn 1          10 m (upstream end H1 to upstream end H2)

  Horn cooling                  RAW spray, 30 gal/min
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

# Power Supply Systems 

[Kicker Power Supply :]{.underline} Single pulse forming network, drives
2 magnets in parallel

[Conventional Power Supplies Regulation requirements]{.underline}

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Lam60                         200 ppm

  V100                          400 ppm

  HV101                         65 ppm

  V104                          200 ppm

  V105                          60 ppm

  V109                          200 ppm

  V110                          55 ppm

  Trims                         0.1%

  Quadrupoles                   400 ppm
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

[Horn Power Supply, current, voltage, Flat top regulation, Pulse
width]{.underline}

The design criteria for the horn power supply and stripline are the
current, current regulation, and pulse width. Horn 1 and horn 2 are
connected in series with the power supply. The voltage is given at the
output of the power supply. It is determined by the resistance and
inductance of the strip line and horns. When we switched to single turn
extraction, the power supply design was modified to give a pulse width
of 2.6 msec. The section of stripline to the high energy horn 2 position
was later eliminated, shortening the pulse length to 1.7 msec. The
\"flat-top\" regulation is the allowed pulse to pulse variation.

[Horn Power Supply]{.underline} : Series connection to Horn 1 and Horn 2

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Peak current                  240k A

  Operating current             200k A average 2.5%

  Current monitoring            0.4%

  Operating voltage             800 V

  Repeatability                 1% pulse to pulse

  Pulse width                   \~half-sine 1.7 ms @ base

  Pulse period                  1.9 sec
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

Horn Stripline

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Construction                  30 cm x 10 cm Aluminum strips, 1 cm
                                spacing

  Resistance                    10 /m

  Inductance                    16 nH/m
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

# Hadron Decay Pipe 

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Size                          1.98 m inner dia x 677.1 m long

  Vacuum                        \<1 Torr

  Upstream vacuum window        4.76 mm thick steel

  Downstream vacuum window      6.35 mm thick steel
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

# Hadron Absorber 

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Primary beam size at      | 5.4 cm H x 7.9 cm V (1 )                 |
| Absorber                  |                                          |
|                           |                                          |
| (target out)              |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Primary beam size at      | 29 cm (rms)                              |
| Absorber                  |                                          |
|                           |                                          |
| (target in)               |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Beam power - normal       | 64 kW                                    |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | (82% primary protons, 18% secondaries)   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Beam power - accident     | 404 kW                                   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Accident condition        | 1 hour (1900 pulses) mis-targeted        |
|                           | primary proton                           |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Absorber core             | 8 aluminum modules + 10 steel CCSS       |
|                           | layers                                   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Aluminum modules          | 1.29 m H x 1.29 m V x 30 cm Z            |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | RAW cooled                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Steel CCSS layers         | 1.29 m H x 1.29 m V x 23 cm Z            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Max temperature - normal  | 60 ^o^C in aluminum modules 3 and 4      |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | 270 ^o^C in steel module 1               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Max temperature -         | 160 ^o^C in aluminum modules 3 and 4     |
| accident                  |                                          |
|                           | 800 ^o^C in steel module 1               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

# Neutrino Beam Monitoring 

The NuMI beam monitoring system consists of 1 plane of Hadron Monitors
(DHM) downstream of the decay pipe and upstream of the Hadron Absorber,
3 planes of Muon monitors located in the Hadron Absorber enclosure (Muon
Alcove 0) , Muon Alcove 1 and Muon Alcove 2. The peak charged particle
fluxes per spill in the various monitoring locations, assuming 4x10^13^
protons per spill**.**

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Station                             Maximum Flux/spill

  DHM                                 2.5x10^9^/cm^2^

  Alcove 0                            3.2 x10^7^/cm^2^

  Alcove 1                            1.7x10^7^/cm^2^

  Alcove 2                            0.22x10^7^/cm^2^
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

The following table gives the fluxes per spill, and the associated
radiation doses per year, expected in the monitoring locations, as a
function of particle type. Doses calculated by translating fluxes to
Sieverts and then to rads, taking into account spectral information

  ---------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------------
  Station          Particle            Flux              Dose/year(Rads)
                                       (/cm^2^/spill)    

  DHM              protons             1.3x10^9^         13Grad

  DHM              other charged       2.0x10^9^         0.3Grad
                   hadrons                               

  DHM              neutrons            3.5x10^9^         0.2Grad

  Alcove 0         neutrons            10.0x10^7^        10Mrad

  Alcove 0         muons               1.30x10^7^        5Mrad

  Alcove 1         muons               0.40x10^7^        1.8Mrad

  Alcove 1         neutrons            0.04x10^7^        0.1Mrad

  Alcove 2         muons               0.14x10^7^        0.6Mrad

  Alcove 2         neutrons            0.04x10^7^        0.04Mrad
  ---------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------------

# Alignment Systems 

Alignment tolerances for Low Energy beam

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Beam position at target       0.45 mm

  Beam angle at target          0.7 mrad

  Target position - each end    0.5 mm

  Horn 1 position - each end    0.5 mm

  Horn 2 position - each end    0.5 mm

  Decay pipe position           20 mm

  Downstream Hadron monitor     25 mm

  Muon Monitors                 25 mm

  Near Detector                 25 mm

  Far Detector                  12 mm
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

# Water, Vacuum & Gas Systems 

CUB = Central Utility Building

CW = Chilled Water

LCW = Low Conductivity Water

PW = Pond Water

RAW = Radioactive Water

SB = Service Building

Power dissipation

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Beam transport magnets        628 kW

                                

  MI-62 LCW system              700/1200 (kW nominal/max) to MI Pond G

  MINOS LCW system              108/200 (kW nominal/max) to MINOS SB CW

  Absorber RAW                  60/200 (kW nominal/max) to MINOS SB PW

  Decay pipe RAW                150/200 (kW nominal/max) to CUB CW (1/2)
                                and MINOS SB CW (1/2)

  Target RAW                    10/25 (kW nominal/max) to MI62 LCW

  Horn 1 RAW                    40/200 (kW nominal/max) to CUB CW

  Horn 2 RAW                    10/50 (kW nominal/max) to CUB CW
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

Vacuum

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Main Injector extraction      10^-8^ Torr
  region                        

  Primary beam transport vacuum 10^-6^ Torr

  Carrier pipe                  

  Diameter                      12"

  Vacuum maximum                10^-5^ Torr

  Vacuum expected               7 x 10^-7^ Torr maximum

  Hadron Decay Pipe vacuum      0.1 to 1 Torr
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------

[Carrier Pipe size, vacuum]{.underline}

The 430\' long carrier pipe diameter was determined by an informal
cost/benefit analysis. The pipe size is much larger than all magnet
apertures, however the consequence of a significant beam loss in the
carrier pipe region is severe. The maximum vacuum level is determined by
the ground water requirement during normal operation due to interactions
with the residual gas. The expected vacuum level is achieved in the
middle of the carrier pipe by 3 large ion pumps located at each end of
the carrier pipe.

#  Installation & Integration 

+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Controls                    | Power supplies, instrumentation,       |
|                             | vacuum, water, beam position &         |
|                             | intensity, beam permit, beam loss      |
|                             | budget monitor                         |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Beam permit System          | Power suppy current & voltage nominal  |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | Multi-wire fully inserted/extracted    |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | Loss monitors nominal                  |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | Vacuum valves open                     |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | Previous Main Injector spill transport |
|                             | nominal                                |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | BPM positions nominal                  |
|                             |                                        |
|                             | Target Budal monitor nominal           |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+

# Commissioning 

  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------
  Beam intensity                5 x 10^12^ ppp

  Near detector fiducial mass   0.015 kt (40 planes tgt region, 75 cm
                                radius)

  Near Detector exposure        2 x 10^-6^ kt-yr/day
  ----------------------------- -----------------------------------------