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| # Jordan: Borders & Port Security                                     |
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| Fareedon Hartoqa                                                      |
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| Date (07/2006)                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| ID: 139184                                                            |
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####### Summary

Jordan plays a pivotal political and geographic role in the Middle East.
Strategically located, surrounded by Iraq, Syria, Israel, the West Bank
and Saudi Arabia, Jordan's neighbors present it with a variety of
challenges in terms of border security. Geographically, Jordan acts as a
land bridge for passage both east to west and north to south. This
position places Jordan among larger and stronger states than itself,
both demographically and in terms of military power.

The 1994 Peace Agreement between Jordan and Israel has added some
stability to the Arab-Israeli conflict. However, other disputes in the
region may cause conflicts that may have direct and indirect effects on
Jordan such as the movement of refugees, disrupted trade and travel, and
illegal transit by terrorists and smugglers through Jordan.

Different applicable technology and methodology for the detection,
identification, and response to various threats can be used. For
detection, a variety of sensors may be used, such as seismic,
break-wire, magnetic, and pressure-sensing sensors. Identification of
intruders typically relies on vision, either by direct observer or
camera systems. Combining unattended sensors with cameras could reduce
manpower requirements by sending images to a monitoring center for human
evaluation. A cooperative system has the potential to improve
effectiveness while reducing the cost and administrative burden for the
Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF).

The Port of Aqaba plays a vital role for Jordan because it is the only
seaport and most of the imported and exported goods transit this port.
The Port of Aqaba is also an important seaport for goods being
transshipped to or from Iraq. The security of the Port of Aqaba,
particularly the container port, is very important to insure that
incoming and outgoing containers don't contain dangerous items such as
weapons, drugs, explosives, biological and chemical elements. Thus the
Jordanian authorities require different scanning and detection equipment
to insure the safety of their port.

The Jordanian government is keen to implement the needed procedures to
insure its borders and port security against any threat. This opens
several opportunities for American companies to provide the Jordanian
authorities with the needed equipment.

####### Description of Jordan's Borders

Jordan plays a pivotal political and geographic role in the Middle East.
Geographically, Jordan acts as a land bridge for passage both east to
west and north to south. This position places Jordan among larger and
stronger states than itself, both demographically and in terms of their
military power. Its central geopolitical location, both in the eye of
the Israeli-Arab conflict and in the center of the Fertile Crescent,
makes Jordan a classic partition state. This reality has, at times,
posed threats to the kingdom and its stability.

Except for small sections of the borders with Israel and Syria, Jordan's
international boundaries do not follow well-defined natural features of
the terrain. The country's boundaries were established by various
international agreements, and none are currently in dispute.

By the time political boundaries were drawn defining Transjordan after
World War I, most of the nomadic tribes in that region had
long-established areas lying within the confines of the new state. To
accommodate the few cases where tribal peoples traditionally had moved
back and forth across the country's borders, agreements with neighboring
countries provided for a continuation of migratory practices, subject to
certain regulations.

1.  [Jordan-Saudi Arabia Borders]{.underline}

The border between Jordan and Saudi Arabia, the longest, with 740 km of
mostly open desert, was partly defined by a series of agreements between
Britain and the government of what eventually became Saudi Arabia. The
border was still partly undefined when Jordan became independent in
1946.

On August 10, 1965, Jordan and Saudi Arabia concluded a bilateral
agreement that realigned and delimited the boundary. The realignment
resulted in an exchange of territory. Jordan's coastline on the Gulf of
Aqaba was lengthened by about 18 kilometers and 6,000 square kilometers
of territory in the interior were ceded to Jordan. In turn, 7,000 square
kilometers of Jordanian-administered territory were ceded to Saudi
Arabia. The new boundary came into effect on November 7, 1965.

There are three main crossing points between Jordan and Saudi Arabia,
with a good amount of traffic because there are heavy land
transportation activities between Saudi Arabia, as one of the biggest
trade partners with Jordan, and with other Gulf states. This traffic
increases dramatically in the Haj pilgrimage season with people driving
to Saudi Arabia from different countries in the region using
Al-Mudawarah crossing point south of Ma'an.

This border is well known for smuggling weapons and drugs, and because
the boundary passes through desert or near-desert. This area has limited
economic potential since it is virtually rainless and almost devoid of
population, making it difficult to secure. The non-functioning
Trans-Arabian Pipeline (TAPline) is the most important economic feature
crossing the boundary.

With the terrorist activities taking place in Saudi Arabia in recent
years, the current concern of the Jordanian government is to prevent
terrorists from crossing the border to make attacks inside Jordanian
territory or crossing to Israel or the West Bank.

2.  [Jordan-Iraqi Borders]{.underline}

The Jordan-Iraq boundary is 185 km long with no boundary markers or
demarcation on the ground. The boundary is essentially artificial and
associated with the division of spheres of interest between Britain and
France following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in First World War.
The entire boundary area is desert and part of the plateau is known as
the Syrian Desert.

The main crossing point is Al-Karamah (known as Trebil on the Iraqi
side), and prior 2003, was the primary sea port for freight bound for
Iraq. Iraqi ports were limited in use during the Iran-Iraq war of
1981-1988, and after the Kuwait invasion 1991 and the sanctions that
followed the Port of Aqaba was the only seaport that Iraq could use.

Currently, the border with Iraq considered being the most dangerous.
Al-Qaeda is very active in Iraq and they are trying to expand their
terrorist activities to Jordan. Jordan already faced such attacks in
November 2005 on three hotels in Amman, which killed 60, and a Katusha
rocket attack in Aqaba, which killed one. The investigation showed that
all of the weapons, bombs and attackers came from Iraq.

3.  [Jordan-Syria Borders]{.underline}

The Jordan-Syria boundary is 377 km long with 339 km on land and 39 km
along the Yarmuk River. There are two crossing points, Jaber and Rumtha,
and both of them have significant traffic.

Jordanian relations with Syria have faced several tense moments. Syria
Host different types of opposition figures and terrorist groups from
several Arab countries such as Jordan, Iraq and Palestinian factions.
Because of this, the border is used to smuggle weapons into Jordan for
terrorist activities.

Because Jordan is considered to be a crossing point for drug smugglers
going to the Gulf in particular, which most of which comes from Turkey
and Eastern Europe, this border is known to be the first entry point.
The Jordanian Authorities work hard to prevent such acts, as well as the
smuggling of commodities smuggling such as cigarettes and copied
products such as contraband DVDs and CDs.

4.  [Jordan-Israel Border]{.underline}

Until 1994, the recognized border with Israel was based on the armistice
line agreed to in April 1949 by Israel and what was then Transjordan,
following negotiations facilitated by the United Nations.

In general, the border represented the battle positions held by
Transjordanian and Israeli forces when a cease-fire went into effect and
had no relation to economic or administrative factors. Until the Israeli
occupation of the West Bank during the June 1967 War, the demarcation
line divided the city of Jerusalem, with Jordan holding the Old City and
most of the holy places.

Jordan and Israel signed a peace treaty on October 26, 1994. The treaty
was based on principles contained in UN Security Council resolutions 242
and 338 and formalized the 480-km-long boundary between them. Both
parties recognize the international boundary, as well as each other's
territory, territorial waters, and airspace, as inviolable. The new
official boundary is delimited with reference to the boundary under the
British mandate.

There are two crossing points between both countries, one in the north
called Sheikh Hussein Bridge, and the second between Aqaba and Eilat in
the south.

The border with Israel has always presented security issues, beside the
wars that took place between the two countries. Palestinian groups used
this border to cross to the West Bank and attack Israeli troops and
settlements. It is also used to smuggle weapons to Palestinians in the
West Bank. Since 1994 these acts have been reduced dramatically, but
still some groups try to cross over to attack Israelis and/or smuggle
weapons.

5.  [Jordan-West Bank Border]{.underline}

After the Oslo agreement between the Palestinian Liberation Organization
(PLO) and Israel in 1996, the Palestinian Authority was established and
started to take over cities in West Bank and Gaza. Now Jordan has one
crossing point with the Palestinian Authority, which is King Hussein
Bridge (also known as the Allenby Bridge in Israel). But given the
Israeli occupation and settlement of parts of the West Bank, Israeli
security is also present at the crossing as well.

This crossing point needs special treatment because it handles all the
Palestinians entering/leaving Jordan from the West Bank and Gaza.

####### Security Concerns 

We can divide security concerns to:

A)- Regional

The threats to Middle East regional security are not limited to the
Arab-Israeli conflict and might extend to conflicts between other
countries in the Middle East. There is the possibility that Arab-Arab
political differences might cause conflict. The Iraqi invasion to Kuwait
in 1990 is an example. Potential conflicts exist between different
countries in the region such as Iran and the Gulf countries, Syria and
Turkey, as well as ongoing instability in Iraq. All of these conflicts
have direct and indirect effects on Jordan such as the movement of
refugees, disrupted trade and travel, and illegal transit by terrorists
and smugglers through Jordan.

The imbalance of military and economic power in the Middle East and the
absence of a comprehensive peace settlement have created an unstable
atmosphere and encouraged an arms race. Such circumstances increase the
risk of armed confrontation and violence. Jordan therefore feels
continually insecure because these conditions directly affect its
national interests and security. Jordan must maintain high readiness in
its security forces in order to counter potential future threats.

B)- Local

Jordan's strategic position and long international borders place a heavy
burden on its armed forces, particularly with the present unstable
environment in some neighboring states. Uncontrolled illegal crossings
into Jordan are the primary threat today, and sovereignty depends on
effective control of Jordan's borders. Currently, army units and public
security personnel patrol the borders. The mission of these forces is to
maintain security and stability by preventing all forms of illegal
crossings. The fact that the majority of Jordan's borders lie in open
desert makes it particularly difficult to patrol. The incorporation of
surveillance technology in these forces' capabilities would enhance
their effectiveness. In addition, a strategy of cooperative border
security with Jordan's neighbors would also enhance the effectiveness of
Jordan's forces. This strategy of cooperation will require the
collection and exchange of information about security topics of mutual
concern.

The primary types of illegal border crossings that affect Jordan are:

-   Terrorism

Jordan will not permit any country or group to use its territory as a
stepping-stone for terrorist actions that are directed against any
neighboring country, including Israel. At the same time, Jordan is
starting to suffer from attacks by exported terrorism from neighboring
countries, in particular Iraq. With Al-Qaeda working extensively in
Iraq, they consider Jordan to be a good ally to the U.S. and are
therefore trying to attack Jordanian and American locations.

-   Smuggling

Smuggling is a common problem in the region and Jordan. The smuggling of
narcotics and weapons, either for the local market or en route to other
countries, is a continuing threat to sovereignty. Smugglers are becoming
more violent and are often in collusion with international criminals.
Jordan has increased its military presence along its eastern and
northern borders. This strategy has reduced incidents but smugglers are
still attempting to cross. More and better protective efforts are needed
for border security.

-   Infiltration

Infiltration is a considerable threat to many countries in the region.
Infiltrators may enter a state for economic reasons (i.e., seeking
employment unavailable at home) or to promote political terrorism in
Jordan or against neighboring countries. 302 infiltration attempts,
involving 1,896 persons, mostly Iraqi, were foiled in 2005. The border
with Israel is the most secure. Rather than the smuggling of contraband,
the concern here is that a terrorist might try to enter Israel from
Jordan.

-   Refugees

Several massive waves of immigration have exerted enormous pressure on
several countries in the region. Jordan received three major influxes of
refugees in 1948 and 1967 (Arab-Israeli wars), and 1990-91 (Iraq
invasion of Kuwait). Several tens of thousands of Iraqis, mostly from
the middle and upper class, have moved to Jordan since 2003, joining a
larger number of Iraqis who moved to Jordan over the previous twenty
years. The Jordanian government expects that new refugees will seek to
enter Jordan if the violence in Iraq and the West Bank continues
unabated.

####### Security Conditions along Jordan's Borders

The relatively large number of units assigned to border security duty
places a heavy administrative and financial burden on Jordan. To
decrease the number of troops and financial costs, it is necessary to
acquire monitoring equipment, high mobility vehicles, and a modern
system of command and control, and to establish new road networks in the
border areas.

As a consequence of signing the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan,
military conflict with Israel is no longer an issue. Of supreme national
interest to Jordan is the preservation of security and stability along
this border. Jordan's main concern is infiltration by Palestinian
sympathizers into Israel or the West Bank. Since the 1994 peace treaty,
security has been increased, with better coordination between
authorities on both sides. Strict controls are enforced in border areas.
For example, Jordanians who picnic along the Jordan River are searched
at checkpoints for guns and drugs. Some roads are closed at night.
Unlike Jordan's other neighbors, the Israelis have implemented strong
controls over this border.

Border security problems with other neighbors stem from several causes.
Smugglers try to avoid customs duties on animals, gold, luxury goods,
and tobacco. Illegal immigrants attempt to enter Jordan in search of
jobs and a better life. Terrorists use Jordan as a route to other
countries.

On the Jordanian-Saudi borders, Saudi Arabia has built observation posts
for its National Guard security forces approximately every 2 km. Jordan,
with fewer resources, conducts patrols but has far fewer observation
posts. The army patrols the eastern and western parts of the border; the
Desert Police patrols the center. An informal agreement between Saudi
Arabia and Jordan permits security forces to cross into the other
country up to a distance of 7 to 10 km. Security force commanders in
both countries have active coordination and communication. The border
concerns are smuggling moving from Jordan into Saudi Arabia and visa
versa. In most cases, the illicit material originated in a third country
and was transported across Jordan. The most significant area for
smuggling is along the eastern part of the border.

The Jordanian-Iraqi borders are considered to be the most problematic.
With the unrest Iraq is facing now, and the activities that Al-Qaeda and
other terrorist groups undertaking there is making it more and more
important for the Jordanian government to secure the Iraqi border. The
other concern is smuggling arms, antiquities, contraband equipment and
commodities, and irradiated steel. The army patrols the border and has
dug a ditch along the entire border with Iraq to try to limit smuggling.

For the Jordanian-Syrian borders, the fear lays in Iraqis and others
illegally crossing into Jordan, Palestinian groups located in Lebanon
and Syria infiltrating Jordan for political purposes and to smuggle
arms, and smugglers bringing drugs produced in Turkey, Lebanon, and
Syria into Jordan en route to Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, Egypt, and
Israel.

####### Enhancing Jordan's Border Security 

The Jordanian government and its security agencies are fully aware of
the security threats that are surrounding Jordan. With the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict-reaching no near term resolution, acute
instability and violence in Iraq, terrorist activities in Saudi Arabia,
and the threats from different groups operating from Syria, Jordan needs
an advanced border security system through:

1\. Improved border-monitoring capabilities

a\. Detect intruders at greater distances than currently possible

b\. Monitor 24 hours a day, in daylight and night conditions

c\. Fill gaps in the current coverage of the border zones

d\. Improve ability to identify persons and vehicles crossing the border

2\. Modernized communications

a\. Establish secure communication between units

b\. Improve speed and reliability of communications

c\. Improve ease of use

3\. Optimize security force command and control

a\. Shorten reaction time

b\. Improve ability to detain or repel intruders

Different types of equipment must be used to reach the highest level of
border security. Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment may be useful
in accurately establishing border markers. An analysis of the soil,
vegetation, and climatic conditions of the border area can guide the
selection of monitoring tools. Actual installation of a border security
system requires the identification of the most favorable terrain near
the borderline.

It would be prohibitively expensive to attempt to install a system of
sensors to monitor every meter of Jordan's borders. In general, a border
monitoring system focuses on the most likely threats. The system may be
integrated with observation activities by security forces both for
redundancy and because human judgment is often needed. Selection of
potential monitoring sensors for the Jordanian border is based on the
characteristics of the security threats

The use of sensors in the identification zone would provide observers
and security forces on patrol with information about where to look.
Observation tools such as night vision devices, high-power binoculars,
and searchlights (both fixed and on vehicles) would greatly assist
security forces in this task. Fixed or mobile observation posts should
be equipped with thermal imaging equipment.

Unattended sensors may contribute as well. Detection-type sensors may be
combined with video cameras. Cameras may be combined with visible or
infrared lights for operation at night. Cameras could also operate in
standby mode and be activated by a command from the monitoring center
when activity is suspected in its area. Cameras and their support
equipment must be placed in containers that protect them from the
weather and deliberate attempts to damage them. Acoustic sensors
constitute a new technology that might be used for both detection and
identification. Such sensors may permit the distinction between people
and animals and vehicles. The spectra of sounds may permit the
identification of a specific type of vehicle.

Helicopters or other aircraft with all-weather and night vision
capability may be needed for response in particularly remote areas. A
good detection strategy would be to construct a taut-wire sensor fence
parallel to the border. A border observation post system could be
established to cover gaps, low ground, densely populated areas, and
thickly wooded terrain in combination with the sensors. Point seismic
and magnetic sensors could be used near observation posts for site
security. Ground radar should be used to detect crossings of large
bodies of water such as Lake Kinneret, the Dead Sea, and the Gulf of
Aqaba near Eilat and Aqaba.

Jordan's needs a communication network to provide an integrated system
of communications for border security commanders. The objectives of the
communications network are to provide real-time information to security
force commanders about intrusions within border areas, provide border
posts and security patrols with necessary tactical information and
access to central files and take the necessary measures to foil any
attempt to cross the border and fight any subversive activity along the
border.

It is essential to establish an effective command and control for border
security forces to receive, evaluate, and then circulate the data
according to need and priority. The communication system permits a unit
commander to direct his forces. The other elements of information the
commander needs are real-time status reports from unattended sensors,
observation posts, and patrols.

####### 

####### The Port of Aqaba

The Port at Aqaba is Jordan's only seaport, located at the northern end
of the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea, 369 km south of the capital,
Amman. The port is mainly used for sea freight, but also has passenger
services to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Most of the imported goods to Jordan
come through Aqaba, plus an important quantity of goods destined for
Iraq. This transshipment traffic largely depends on whether the border
crossing with Iraq is open or closed.

The port can handle 28 million tons, and in 2005, Aqaba handled around
20 million tons. The port installations include adequate containerized
storage facilities, cold stores and enable the port to provide the
necessary services for international and regional freight, for
conventional and bulk cargo. Ease of access into and from the port is
provided through road and rail linkages, as well as through Aqaba
International Airport.

Main ocean going liners serve the Port of Aqaba through a network of
maritime agents and facilitators. The port is anticipated to expand its
operations and serve as a regional seaport for trade with the Far East
countries and other major international sea routes.

Aqaba has a small coastline of 27km and the main port zones occupy 5% of
it. The port is divided into three main zones:

1.  The Main Port Zone

Located close to the town of Aqaba, the main port zone comprises 12
berths with a total length of 2.12km. It's mainly used for handling
cargo, grain, phosphate exports, ro-ro, and lighter traffic.

2.  The Container Port Zone

Located 5km south of the main port zone, it has 7 berths with total
length of 1km.

3.  The Industrial Port Zone

Located 18km south of the main port zone, it consists of the oil jetty,
timber berth and two industrial berths.

With the establishment of Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA),
major projects and developments are taking place in Aqaba. Initial
outlines have been put together in order to meet the economic and
environmental requirements of ASEZA. They have been laid down with the
cooperation with Aqaba Development Corporation (ADC). Given that the
general port is nearly in the middle of downtown Aqaba, part of the
development plan is to reconfigure the port, including moving nine (9)
berths to the southern zone, privatization of the main port in phases,
expansion of the container port and storage yards, transferring the
passenger station to the Saudi border, establishing a multipurpose dock
to handle general cargo and building new dock for exporting phosphate.

####### Security Plans for the Port of Aqaba

Aqaba faced a terrorist attack in 2005 targeting an American warship
docked in port, along other targets. The attack resulted in one
Jordanian army soldier killed and another wounded. The port has
developed a security plan to face such threats. Also In the wake of
9/11, Jordan has put into motion a host of maritime security procedures
for incoming/outgoing ships.

Aqaba port was divided to five zones for security purposes:

-   Main port

-   Containers and shared port

-   Passengers port

-   Oil port

-   Industrial Port

The plan aims at establishing measures targeted at the protection of the
port facilities, vessels, passengers and commodities from dangers
resulted from security incidents. It also includes measures that will be
implemented on the port's facilities to increase security level and
avoid weak points.

A private specialized company was assigned to study the assessment files
and security plan of the maritime facilities and make the necessary
amendments according to the requirements of the International Maritime
Organization (IMO).

Several measures have been implemented such as laying out the security
plan for all ports facilities, defining the restricted maritime areas,
providing 9 towers and situating them in suitable locations, laying out
contingency plans to respond to threats and security incidents, among
other measures.

At the same time, other measures are under implementation. The port
management is defining the required equipment for all maritime
facilities (surveillance cameras, alarm systems, testing equipment for
commodities and vehicles), constructing electronic gates on the port
entrances, and conducting exercises to combat any threat and breakouts
with all security parties to avoid any loop holes in the security plan.

####### U.S. Market Position

Jordan is considered to be one of the closest allies of the U.S. in the
region. Jordan and the U.S. have good political, economic and military
relations. In 2001 the Jordan-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed,
Jordan receives around \$400 million in economic aid each year, plus an
equally significant package of U.S. military assistance.

The combination of good relations and the need to develop border
security in Jordan opens important opportunities to American
manufacturers and suppliers.

Already major American companies are in the market such Lockheed Martin,
Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, AM General, Blackwater, Cubic Defense and
others. American companies new to Jordan will find a market share even
in equipment supplies or in services as because the Jordanian security
departments look for new technologies to enhance their security
capability.

####### 

####### Market Opportunities 

Jordan is undergoing a major project for its border security, C4i.
(Command, Control and Communication Center). Northrop Grumman is the
prime contractor for this project, while Lockheed Martin installed the
radars. In addition, the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) and other security
departments are planning to have new projects. JAF is planning to
install surveillance cameras on all its military bases, bomb jammers for
VIPs, different kind of accessories for their new telecommunication
network such as hand held sets, terminals, repeaters etc.

The Public Security Directorate (Police) is planning on their part to
install cameras in the streets and connect all cities. Also they will
need GSM jammers for jails.

The government is also going to install X-ray and scanner machines at
all border-crossing points. Currently they have such machines at Aqaba
port, Karamah and Jaber crossing points with Iraq and Syria
respectively.

Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA) will under go a major expansion
on a BOO basis. This project will need all kinds of security equipment
such as CCTV, surveillance cameras, X-ray machines, scanners, metal
detectors, explosives detectors...etc.

In its efforts to maintain a high level of readiness, the Jordanian
government and its security departments will continue to implement
projects and supply its forces with the upgraded safety and security
equipment. This opens new opportunities for American companies in the
market, taking into consideration the FTA advantage, the value of the
Dollar against the Euro and the military assistance Jordan gets from the
U.S.

####### 

####### Conclusion 

Security plays a fundamental role in the survival of Jordan. As one of
the most stable country in an unstable region, border and port security
is considered to be one of the most vital long-term security projects.
It should be designed to effectively fight and prevent terrorism,
smuggling of weapons and drugs that might enter into Jordan through its
borders with the neighboring countries.

Border and port security needs to integrate a range of technology such
as thermal imaging and detection equipment, communications, and physical
barriers along Jordan's borders, as well as seismic sensors, infrared
sensors, taut-wire fence intrusion sensor, long-range infrared systems,
ground radar, night observation devices, GPS receiver/transponders, ship
binoculars, scanning equipment and many others.

The good relations between Jordan and the U.S. should be a positive
point for the American companies to conduct business in this market.

####### Source of Information

####### Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA), [**www.aqabazone.com**](http://www.aqabazone.com/)

1.  The Ports Corporation,
    [www.aqabaports.gov.jo](http://www.aqabaports.gov.jo/)

2.  Cooperative Border Security for Jordan: Assessment and Options, Col.
    Mazen Qojas, Jordan Army

3.  Security & Safety Equipment Sector in Jordan, Abu-Ghasaleh & Co.
    Consulting, Amman-Jordan

####### For More Information

The U.S. Commercial Service in Amman, Jordan can be contacted via e-mail
at: Fareedon.Hartoqa@mail.doc.gov; Phone: +962 6 590-6053; Fax: +962 6
592-0146; or visit our website:
[www.buyusa.gov/jordan](http://www.buyusa.gov/jordan)

####### The U.S. Commercial Service --- Your Global Business Partner

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countries, the U.S. Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of
Commerce utilizes its global presence and international marketing
expertise to help U.S. companies sell their products and services
worldwide. Locate the U.S. Commercial Service trade specialist in the
U.S. nearest you by visiting <http://www.export.gov/>.

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