**DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING**

## Housing - Federal Housing Commissioner BULLETIN NO. 

###  

#  TO: DIRECTORS, SINGLE FAMILY HOCs ISSUE DATE 

#  DIRECTORS, MULTIFAMILY HUBs

#  

#### REVIEW DATE

#  

##### 

##### SUBJECT: 1. Item Description 

2.  **Name and address**

> **of Manufacturer**
>
> > This Structural Engineering Bulletin (SEB) should be filed with
> > other SEBs and related Bulletins on materials or products as
> > required by prescribed procedures.
>
> 1\. General:
>
> This Bulletin sets forth specific requirements under the Technical
> Suitability of Products Program for determining the eligibility of
> housing to be constructed under HUD mortgage insurance, or other HUD
> housing programs.
>
> 2\. Scope:
>
> This Bulletin applies only to the structural features of this method
> of construction. Final determination of eligibility is made by the
> appropriate HUD Field Office. Other factors considered by the Field
> Office will be valuation, location, architectural planning and appeal,
> mechanical equipment, thermal characteristics, and market acceptance.
> Consideration is also necessary to determine whether a specific
> property will qualify under the specific HUD program, when constructed
> according to the method outlined in this Bulletin, and where the
> structure is to be located.
>
> -2-
>
> In geographical areas subject to hurricanes, earthquakes, or other
> severe conditions affecting dwelling structures, the HUD Field Office
> or Homeownership Center shall require additional safeguards in
> proposed designs, when necessary.
>
> 3\. Minimum Property Standards (MPS):
>
> Compliance with HUD MPS will be determined by the HUD Field Office or
> Homeownership Center on the same basis as submissions involving
> conventional construction, except for the special features described
> in this Bulletin.
>
> 4\. Inspection:
>
> Field compliance inspections covering conventional items of
> construction and any special features covered in this Bulletin shall
> be made in accordance with prescribed procedures.
>
> The appropriate HUD Field Office or Homeownership Center shall furnish
> a copy of a HUD field inspection report to Headquarters, FHA
> Standards, Office of Manufactured Housing Programs, when there is:

a.  Evidence of noncompliance with portions of the system of
    construction described in this Bulletin.

b.  Faulty shop fabrication, including significant surface defects.

c.  Damage to shop fabricated items or materials due to improper
    transportation, storage, handling or assembly.

d.  Unsatisfactory field workmanship or performance of the product or
    system.

e.  Any significant degradation or deterioration of the product or
    evidence of lack of durability or performance.

> Periodic plant inspections will be made by HUD Field Office,
> Homeownership Center, State Agency personnel, or a HUD designated
> representative in accordance with their prescribed procedures. Factory
> inspection reports shall be submitted to HUD Headquarters, upon
> request.
>
> -3-
>
> 5\. Certification:
>
> The manufacturer named in this Bulletin shall furnish the builder with
> a written certification stating that the product has been manufactured
> in compliance with the HUD Minimum Property Standards (MPS), except as
> modified by this Bulletin. The Builder shall endorse the certification
> with a statement that the product has been erected in compliance with
> the HUD MPS except as modified by this Bulletin, and that the
> manufacturer\'s certification does not relieve the Builder, in any
> way, of responsibility under the terms of the Builder\'s Warranty
> required by the National Housing Act, or under any provisions
> applicable to any other housing program. This certification shall be
> furnished to the HUD Field Office upon completion of the property.
>
> [OUTLINE DESCRIPTION, CATEGORY II CONSTRUCTION]{.underline}
>
> [GENERAL:]{.underline}
>
> The NASCOR III wall system is a prefabricated wall panel intended for
> use as an above grade exterior load-bearing wall. The primary
> components of the wall system are wood I-studs and expanded
> polystyrene (EPS) insulation infill panels, with factory installed
> single solid sawn lumber top and bottom plates.
>
> All materials and methods of installation shall be in accordance with
> HUD Minimum Property Standards (MPS), Use of Materials Bulletins (UM),
> and Materials Releases (MR), except as may be specifically noted
> herein. Plumbing, heating and electrical systems are field installed
> and connected.
>
> This Bulletin is based upon a structural review of the prefabricated
> wall panels of NASCOR Ltd., but may be considered applicable to all
> structurally similar units of this company. Foundation design,
> dwelling design, and nonstructural items (such as architectural,
> plumbing, heating and electrical features) are not covered by this
> Bulletin.
>
> [SPECIFICATIONS:]{.underline}
>
> Form HUD-92005, "Description of Materials" specifying only the
> structurally related items (Nos. 1 to 12, 14, 26, and 27), as
> originally submitted for determination of technical suitability,
> describes the materials that shall be used in construction of housing
> units under this system of construction. Form HUD-92005, furnished
> with each application for use under HUD housing programs, shall
> include as a minimum the same structural materials.
>
> -4-
>
> [DRAWINGS:]{.underline}
>
> The following drawing(s) by NASCOR Ltd. shall be considered an
> integral part of this Bulletin:
>
> [Drawing No.]{.underline} [Date]{.underline} [Description]{.underline}
>
> Figure 1 July 2001 Nascor III Wall System
>
> Figure 2 July 2001 Cross-Section of Nascor III Columns
>
> Figure 3 July 2001 Nascor Infill Panel and Spline
>
> The Builder shall submit construction drawing(s) to the HUD Field
> Office or Homeownership Center with each application under HUD housing
> programs, which shall include the same or similar structural features
> as shown on the drawings listed above. Copies of these listed drawings
> shall also be furnished to the HUD Field Office or Homeownership
> Center by the Builder upon request.
>
> [SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION FEATURES:]{.underline}
>
> NASCOR III wall system, nominal 8 to 16 feet high and 8 to 16 feet
> wide, are furnished in this method of construction. System consists
> of: (1) wood I-studs, (2) expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation infill
> panels, (3) lumber top and bottom plates, and (4) fasteners.

1.  NASCOR III I-studs are prefabricated wood I-studs with structural
    wood flanges and a 3/8 inch thick oriented strand board (OSB) web.
    The I-studs are available in depths of 5-1/2 and 7-1/4 inches.

2.  Insulation infill panels shall be 5-1/2 or 7-1/4 inch thick by
    92-13/16 inch high, Type 1, expanded polystyrene (EPS) produced from
    beads provided by BASF Corporation or Huntsman Chemical Corporation.
    The density is 1.0 pcf. The widths of the panels are 9-1/2, 13-1/2,
    and 21-1/2 inches for I-stud spacings of 12, 16, and 24 inches on
    center respectively. Each end of the panel is profiled to accept an
    EPS spline. The interior face of each panel has a 1 inch wide by
    1-3/4 inch deep channel located 24 inches from the bottom of the
    panel. This channel, referred to as the electrical keyway aligns the
    1-1/2 in. diameter opening in the I-studs to provide a continuous
    path through which electrical wiring can be installed. Foam
    insulation shall be separated from all inhabited and finished spaces
    by a thermal barrier that will stay in place after 15 minutes of
    fire exposure.

> -5-

3.  Each fabricated wall panel is joined together by fasteners and a top
    and bottom plate. The plates consist of nominal 2 x 6 or 2 x 8 inch
    dimension lumber, depending on the thickness of the wall panel.
    Where the bottom of the plate is to be supported on a concrete or
    masonary fondation the lumber shall be naturally durable or pressure
    treated.

4.  Fasteners connecting the wood components of the wall system shall
    comply with Table 8 of this report. The fasteners used to connect
    the naturally durable or pressure treated bottom plate to the
    I-studs shall be hot-dipped zinc coated glavanized, stainless steel,
    silicon bronze, or copper.

> [DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS:]{.underline}
>
> [Design Loads:]{.underline} The method described in this Bulletin is
> based on a Basic Wind Speed range of 70 - 110 mph and Exposure B, C,
> and D in accordance with ASCE 7-88.
>
> The Builder shall submit structural calculations to the local HUD
> Office or Homeownership Center for wall assemblies which are to
> include openings in the system.
>
> The Builder shall submit structural calculations to the local HUD
> Office or Homeownership Center if housing units are to be located in
> geographical areas where these conditions are exceeded.

+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| > **Table 1 -- |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| > WOOD MEMBER  |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| >              |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| DESCRIPTIONS** |           |                  |                   |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| >              | **Size**  | **Length**       | **Species & Grade |   |   |
|  **Component** |           |                  | ^1,\ 2^**         |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| Cripple &      | 2x6       | 92-5/8 in.       | Spruce-pine-fir   |   |   |
| corner studs   | (R-20)    |                  | stud grade        |   |   |
|                |           | Greater than     |                   |   |   |
|                | 2x8       | 92-5/8 in.       | Spruce-pine-fir   |   |   |
|                | (R-30)    |                  | No. 1 or 2        |   |   |
|                |           | Up to 192 in.    |                   |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| Top & bottom   | 2x6       | Varies           | Spruce-pine-fir   |   |   |
| plates, sills  | (R-20)    |                  | No. 1 or 2        |   |   |
|                |           |                  |                   |   |   |
|                | 2x8       |                  |                   |   |   |
|                | (R-30)    |                  |                   |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| I-studs        | 2x3       | 92-5/8 in. to    | Spruce-pine-fir   |   |   |
|                |           | 192 in.          | No. 1 or 2        |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| Lintels        | 2x10 or   | Varies           | Spruce-pine fir   |   |   |
|                |           |                  | No. 1 or 2        |   |   |
|                | 2x12      |                  |                   |   |   |
|                |           |                  | Douglas-fir-larch |   |   |
|                |           |                  | No. 1 or 2        |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
| **Notes:**     |           |                  |                   |   |   |
|                |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| 1\. Lumber is  |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| graded under   |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| standards      |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| recognized by  |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| the American   |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Lumber         |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Standards      |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Committee      |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| (ALSC) or      |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| equivalent.    |           |                  |                   |   |   |
|                |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| 2\. Lumber for |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| I-stud column  |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| flanges is     |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| one-piece or   |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| finger jointed |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| and meets      |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| requirements   |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| of NLGA        |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Special        |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Products       |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| Standard 1     |           |                  |                   |   |   |
| (SPS-1).       |           |                  |                   |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+
|                |           |                  |                   |   |   |
+----------------+-----------+------------------+-------------------+---+---+

> -6-

+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------------+
| > **Table 2 -- Nascor |                |                            |
| > R20 & R30**         |                |                            |
| >                     |                |                            |
| > **Column Design     |                |                            |
| > Properties**        |                |                            |
+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------------+
| **Allowable Moment**  | **Stiffness**  | **Compressive Strength**   |
|                       |                |                            |
| **(ft-lbs)**          | **(x10^6^      | **(psi)**                  |
|                       | lbs-in^.2^)**  |                            |
+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------------+
| 897                   | 32.5           | 1150                       |
+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------------+
| **Notes:**            |                |                            |
|                       |                |                            |
| 1\. Structural design |                |                            |
| properties for R20    |                |                            |
| and R30 columns are   |                |                            |
| to be the same, and   |                |                            |
| are based upon R20    |                |                            |
| capacities.           |                |                            |
+-----------------------+----------------+----------------------------+

+-------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
| > **Table 3 |                       |                               |
| > -- Nascor |                       |                               |
| > R20**     |                       |                               |
| >           |                       |                               |
| > **Column  |                       |                               |
| > Section   |                       |                               |
| > P         |                       |                               |
| roperties** |                       |                               |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
| **Area**    | **Moment of Inertia** | **Section Modulus**           |
|             |                       |                               |
| *           | **(in.^4^)**          | **(in.^3^)**                  |
| *(in.^2^)** |                       |                               |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
| 7.50        | 23.214                | 8.44                          |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
| **Notes:**  |                       |                               |
|             |                       |                               |
| 1\. Section |                       |                               |
| properties  |                       |                               |
| are noted   |                       |                               |
| ignoring    |                       |                               |
| the web and |                       |                               |
| the notch   |                       |                               |
| in the      |                       |                               |
| flange.     |                       |                               |
|             |                       |                               |
| 2\.         |                       |                               |
| Structural  |                       |                               |
| design      |                       |                               |
| properties  |                       |                               |
| for R20 and |                       |                               |
| R30 columns |                       |                               |
| are to be   |                       |                               |
| the same,   |                       |                               |
| and are     |                       |                               |
| based upon  |                       |                               |
| R20         |                       |                               |
| capacities. |                       |                               |
+-------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+

> -7-

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Table 4</strong></p>
<p><strong>Total Allowable Gravity Load (plf)</strong></p>
<p><strong>for R20 and R30 Columns for Exposure Class B</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Height</strong></p>
<p><strong>(ft)</strong></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Spacing</strong></p>
<p><strong>(in.)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><blockquote>
<p><strong>BASIC WIND SPEED (mph) = (V)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>70</strong></td>
<td><strong>75</strong></td>
<td><strong>80</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>85</strong></td>
<td><strong>90</strong></td>
<td><strong>100</strong></td>
<td><strong>110</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>6</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>6</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>7</p>
<p>7</p>
<p>7</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4550</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>8</p>
<p>8</p>
<p>8</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6216</p>
<p>4031</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6216</p>
<p>4031</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6216</p>
<p>4031</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6216</p>
<p>3985</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>8289</p>
<p>6216</p>
<p>3903</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6055</p>
<p>3738</p></td>
<td><p>8193</p>
<p>5860</p>
<p>3564</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>9</p>
<p>9</p>
<p>9</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>7159</p>
<p>5171</p>
<p>3214</p></td>
<td><p>7159</p>
<p>5171</p>
<p>3214</p></td>
<td><p>7159</p>
<p>5171</p>
<p>3214</p></td>
<td><p>7098</p>
<p>5117</p>
<p>3165</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>6994</p>
<p>5021</p>
<p>3083</p></td>
<td><p>6781</p>
<p>4829</p>
<p>2914</p></td>
<td><p>6562</p>
<p>4628</p>
<p>2738</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>10</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>10</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>5832</p>
<p>4178</p>
<p>2555</p></td>
<td><p>5832</p>
<p>4178</p>
<p>2555</p></td>
<td><p>5832</p>
<p>4178</p>
<p>2555</p></td>
<td><p>5771</p>
<p>4124</p>
<p>2508</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5668</p>
<p>4031</p>
<p>2427</p></td>
<td><p>5485</p>
<p>3841</p>
<p>2262</p></td>
<td><p>5241</p>
<p>3645</p>
<p>2089</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>11</p>
<p>11</p>
<p>11</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>4774</p>
<p>3391</p>
<p>2039</p></td>
<td><p>4774</p>
<p>3391</p>
<p>2039</p></td>
<td><p>4774</p>
<p>3391</p>
<p>2039</p></td>
<td><p>4715</p>
<p>3338</p>
<p>1993</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4615</p>
<p>3248</p>
<p>1915</p></td>
<td><p>4412</p>
<p>3066</p>
<p>1755</p></td>
<td><p>4615</p>
<p>2877</p>
<p>1587</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>12</p>
<p>12</p>
<p>12</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>3937</p>
<p>2772</p>
<p>1635</p></td>
<td><p>3937</p>
<p>2772</p>
<p>1635</p></td>
<td><p>3937</p>
<p>2772</p>
<p>1635</p></td>
<td><p>3882</p>
<p>2721</p>
<p>1591</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3786</p>
<p>2636</p>
<p>1516</p></td>
<td><p>3592</p>
<p>2460</p>
<p>1361</p></td>
<td><p>3392</p>
<p>2279</p>
<p>1197</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>13</p>
<p>13</p>
<p>13</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>3273</p>
<p>2282</p>
<p>1317</p></td>
<td><p>3273</p>
<p>2282</p>
<p>1317</p></td>
<td><p>3273</p>
<p>2282</p>
<p>1317</p></td>
<td><p>3220</p>
<p>2234</p>
<p>1275</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3128</p>
<p>2151</p>
<p>1202</p></td>
<td><p>2943</p>
<p>1983</p>
<p>1051</p></td>
<td><p>2752</p>
<p>1808</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>14</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>14</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>2741</p>
<p>1890</p>
<p>1064</p></td>
<td><p>2741</p>
<p>1890</p>
<p>1064</p></td>
<td><p>2741</p>
<p>1890</p>
<p>1064</p></td>
<td><p>2690</p>
<p>1844 1023</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2603</p>
<p>1766</p>
<p>952</p></td>
<td><p>2425</p>
<p>1603</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2241</p>
<p>1433</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>15</p>
<p>15</p>
<p>15</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>2311</p>
<p>1574</p>
<p>860</p></td>
<td><p>2311</p>
<p>1574</p>
<p>860</p></td>
<td><p>2311</p>
<p>1574</p>
<p>860</p></td>
<td><p>2262</p>
<p>1530</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2178</p>
<p>1454</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2007</p>
<p>1296</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>1829</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
<p>1. The total allowable gravity loads given in the table are per
lineal foot of wall (plf).</p>
<p>2. A wind importance factor (I) of 1.00 was used in determining the
wind load.</p>
<p>3. Design wind loads were determined in accordance with the main
windforce resisting system.</p>
<p>4. Dashed entries correspond to designs which do not meet the L/240
deflection limit and/or exceed the allowable bending moment.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

> -8-

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 20%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Table 5</strong></p>
<p><strong>Total Allowable Gravity Load (plf)</strong></p>
<p><strong>for R20 and R30 Columns for Exposure Class C</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Height</strong></p>
<p><strong>(ft)</strong></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Spacing</strong></p>
<p><strong>(in.)</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="8"><blockquote>
<p><strong>BASIC WIND SPEED (mph) = (V)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>70</strong></td>
<td><strong>75</strong></td>
<td><strong>80</strong></td>
<td><strong>85</strong></td>
<td><strong>90</strong></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>100</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>110</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>6</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>6</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4636</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>7</p>
<p>7</p>
<p>7</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4576</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4484</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6720</p>
<p>4371</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>9152</p>
<p>6836</p>
<p>4134</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9152</p>
<p>6563</p>
<p>3883</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>8</p>
<p>8</p>
<p>8</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6170</p>
<p>3840</p></td>
<td><p>8289</p>
<p>6044</p>
<p>3727</p></td>
<td><p>8250</p>
<p>5913</p>
<p>3612</p></td>
<td><p>8106</p>
<p>5780</p>
<p>3492</p></td>
<td><p>7956</p>
<p>5643</p>
<p>3370</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>7647</p>
<p>5358</p>
<p>3114</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>7326</p>
<p>5061</p>
<p>2846</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>9</p>
<p>9</p>
<p>9</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>6912</p>
<p>4949</p>
<p>3018</p></td>
<td><p>6768</p>
<p>4817</p>
<p>2903</p></td>
<td><p>6621</p>
<p>4673</p>
<p>2786</p></td>
<td><p>6472</p>
<p>4547</p>
<p>2666</p></td>
<td><p>6318</p>
<p>4408</p>
<p>2543</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>6003</p>
<p>4120</p>
<p>2284</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5677</p>
<p>3820</p>
<p>2011</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>10</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>10</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>5587</p>
<p>3957</p>
<p>2363</p></td>
<td><p>5445</p>
<p>3829</p>
<p>2251</p></td>
<td><p>5300</p>
<p>3698</p>
<p>2136</p></td>
<td><p>5153</p>
<p>3566</p>
<p>2018</p></td>
<td><p>5003</p>
<p>3428</p>
<p>1896</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>4695</p>
<p>3146</p>
<p>1640</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4375</p>
<p>2852</p>
<p>1364</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>11</p>
<p>11</p>
<p>11</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>4537</p>
<p>3179</p>
<p>1854</p></td>
<td><p>4400</p>
<p>3055</p>
<p>1745</p></td>
<td><p>4261</p>
<p>2928</p>
<p>1633</p></td>
<td><p>4119</p>
<p>2800</p>
<p>1518</p></td>
<td><p>3975</p>
<p>2668</p>
<p>1398</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>3676</p>
<p>2393</p>
<p>1142</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3366</p>
<p>2103</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>12</p>
<p>12</p>
<p>12</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>3711</p>
<p>2568</p>
<p>1457</p></td>
<td><p>3580</p>
<p>2449</p>
<p>1351</p></td>
<td><p>3446</p>
<p>2328</p>
<p>1242</p></td>
<td><p>3310</p>
<p>2204</p>
<p>1129</p></td>
<td><p>3172</p>
<p>2075</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>2883</p>
<p>1807</p>
<p>--</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2582</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>13</p>
<p>13</p>
<p>13</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>3057</p>
<p>2087</p>
<p>1144</p></td>
<td><p>2932</p>
<p>1973</p>
<p>1042</p></td>
<td><p>2804</p>
<p>1856</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2673</p>
<p>1735</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2539</p>
<p>1610</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>2260</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>1965</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>14</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>14</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>2535</p>
<p>1703</p>
<p>896</p></td>
<td><p>2414</p>
<p>1593</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2291</p>
<p>1479</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2165</p>
<p>1361</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2036</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>15</p>
<p>15</p>
<p>15</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>2112</p>
<p>1393</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>1997</p>
<p>1286</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>1878</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>1756</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>The total allowable gravity loads given in the table are per
lineal foot of wall (plf).</p></li>
<li><p>A wind importance factor (I) of 1.00 was used in determining the
wind load.</p></li>
<li><p>Design wind loads were determined in accordance with the main
windforce resisting system</p></li>
<li><p>Dashed entries correspond to designs which do not meet the L/240
deflection limit and/or exceed the allowable bending moment.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

> -9-

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Table 6</strong></p>
<p><strong>Total Allowable Gravity Load (plf)</strong></p>
<p><strong>for R20 and R30 Columns for Exposure Class D</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Height</strong></p>
<p><strong>(ft)</strong></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Spacing</strong></p>
<p><strong>(in.)</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="12"><blockquote>
<p><strong>BASIC WIND SPEED (mph) = (V)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>70</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>75</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>80</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>85</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>90</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>100</strong></td>
<td><strong>110</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>6</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>6</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4936</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4904</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9872</p>
<p>7404</p>
<p>4635</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>7</p>
<p>7</p>
<p>7</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4569</p></td>
<td><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4440</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4308</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9152</p>
<p>6864</p>
<p>4170</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9152</p>
<p>6720</p>
<p>4027</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>9101</p>
<p>6394</p>
<p>3727</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>8734</p>
<p>6048</p>
<p>3883</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>8</p>
<p>8</p>
<p>8</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>8218</p>
<p>5883</p>
<p>3584</p></td>
<td><p>8047</p>
<p>5726</p>
<p>3445</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>7873</p>
<p>5566</p>
<p>3301</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>7694</p>
<p>5400</p>
<p>3153</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>7510</p>
<p>5231</p>
<p>3000</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>7129</p>
<p>4879</p>
<p>2679</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>6730</p>
<p>4508</p>
<p>2335</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>9</p>
<p>9</p>
<p>9</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>6587</p>
<p>4652</p>
<p>2759</p></td>
<td><p>6412</p>
<p>4493</p>
<p>2618</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>6233</p>
<p>4330</p>
<p>2473</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>6050</p>
<p>4163</p>
<p>2323</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5863</p>
<p>3992</p>
<p>2168</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5478</p>
<p>3636</p>
<p>1840</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5076</p>
<p>3260</p>
<p>1482</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>10</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>10</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>5266</p>
<p>3668</p>
<p>2110</p></td>
<td><p>5095</p>
<p>3512</p>
<p>1971</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4920</p>
<p>3353</p>
<p>1828</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4740</p>
<p>3188</p>
<p>1679</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4558</p>
<p>3020</p>
<p>1523</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4180</p>
<p>2669</p>
<p>1189</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3783</p>
<p>2294</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>11</p>
<p>11</p>
<p>11</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>4229</p>
<p>2900</p>
<p>1607</p></td>
<td><p>4063</p>
<p>2749</p>
<p>1471</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3894</p>
<p>2594</p>
<p>1330</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3721</p>
<p>2434</p>
<p>1181</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3544</p>
<p>2270</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3176</p>
<p>1922</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2786</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>12</p>
<p>12</p>
<p>12</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>3415</p>
<p>2300</p>
<p>1217</p></td>
<td><p>3256</p>
<p>2154</p>
<p>1083</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3094</p>
<p>2004</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2926</p>
<p>1847</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2755</p>
<p>1686</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2395</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>13</p>
<p>13</p>
<p>13</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>2774</p>
<p>1828</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2621</p>
<p>1687</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2464</p>
<p>1540</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2302</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2135</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>14</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>14</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>2535</p>
<p>1453</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>2115</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>1962</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>1804</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>15</p>
<p>15</p>
<p>15</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>1850</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td><p>1706</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>--</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>--</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="14"><p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>The total allowable gravity loads given in the table are per
lineal foot of wall (plf).</p></li>
<li><p>A wind importance factor (I) of 1.00 was used in determining the
wind load.</p></li>
<li><p>Design wind loads were determined in accordance with the main
windforce resisting system.</p></li>
<li><p>Dashed entries correspond to designs which do not meet the L/240
deflection limit and/or exceed the allowable bending moment.</p></li>
</ol></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

> -10-

+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| > **Table 7 |                              |             |           |
| > --        |                              |             |           |
| > Maximum   |                              |             |           |
| > Allowable |                              |             |           |
| > Shear     |                              |             |           |
| > Values    |                              |             |           |
| > (plf)     |                              |             |           |
| > for**     |                              |             |           |
| >           |                              |             |           |
| > **Wood    |                              |             |           |
| >           |                              |             |           |
|  Structural |                              |             |           |
| > Panel     |                              |             |           |
| > Shear     |                              |             |           |
| > Walls     |                              |             |           |
| > with      |                              |             |           |
| > Framing   |                              |             |           |
| > of Nascor |                              |             |           |
| > III       |                              |             |           |
| > Columns** |                              |             |           |
+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| **Column    | **Fastening**                | **          | **        |
| Spacing**   |                              | Sheathing** | Allowable |
|             |                              |             | Shear**   |
+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| 24 in. on   | 2-1/2 in. common nails       | 5/16 in.    | 250       |
| center      | spaced at 3 in. on center at | thick OSB   |           |
|             | panel perimeter and 12 in.   |             |           |
|             | on center at intermediate    |             |           |
|             | supports                     |             |           |
+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| 24 in. on   | 1-5/8 in. gypsum board       | 1/2 in.     | 125       |
| center      | screws at 4 in. on center    | thick       |           |
|             |                              | vertical    |           |
|             |                              | gypsum      |           |
|             |                              | wallboard   |           |
+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| 24 in. on   | 1-5/8 in. gypsum board       | 1/2 in.     | 100       |
| center      | screws at 7 in. on center    | thick       |           |
|             |                              | vertical    |           |
|             |                              | gypsum      |           |
|             |                              | wallboard   |           |
+-------------+------------------------------+-------------+-----------+

> **Table 8 - Fasteneing Schedule**

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Connection**                      **Fastener**

  Top plate to I-stud (end screw)     2 - 3 in. long wood screw

  I-stud to bottom plate (end screw)  2 - 3 in. long wood screw

  Cripples to lintel (end screw)      2 - 3 in. long wood screw

  Doubled lintel (face nail)          5 in. long spiral nail - 2 rows @
                                      16 in. o.c.

  Top plate to lintel (face screw)    3 in. long wood screw @ 16 in. o.c.

  Sill plates to cripples (toe screw) 2 - 3 in. long wood screw @ each
                                      end

  I-stud to end post (face screw)     3 in. long wood screw @ 24 in. o.c.

  Corner connection (toe nail)        3-1/4 in. long common wire nails @
                                      16 in. o.c.
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

**Figure 1**

**NASCOR III WALL SYSTEM**

> -11-
>
> ![](media/image3.png){width="2.973611111111111in"
> height="3.654861111111111in"}
>
> **Figure 2**
>
> **CROSS-SECTION OF**
>
> **NASCOR III
> COLUMNS**![](media/image4.png){width="6.930555555555555in"
> height="2.2263888888888888in"}
>
> **Figure 3**
>
> **NASCOR INFILL PANEL AND SPLINE**
>
> -12-
>
> [MANUFACTURING PLANT(S):]{.underline}
>
> Wall panels covered under this Bulletin will be produced in the
> following plant:
>
> NASCOR Ltd.
>
> 1212 34^th^ Avenue
>
> Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2G1V7
>
> Ph. 403-243-8919
>
> The appropriate HUD Field Office or Homeownership Center in whose
> jurisdiction the manufacturing plant is located, or HUD designated
> representative will inspect this plant in accordance with prescribed
> procedures.
>
> [QUALITY CONTROL:]{.underline}
>
> The appropriate HUD Field Office or Homeownership Center in whose
> jurisdiction the manufacturing plant is located, or the State Agency
> (in Category III states) shall review and approve plant fabrication
> procedures and quality control program, to ensure compliance with
> approved plans and specifications. The quality control program shall
> include field erection or supervision by NASCOR Ltd.
>
> [RECORD OF PROPERTIES:]{.underline}
>
> The manufacturer shall provide HUD a list of the first ten properties
> in which the component or system described in this Bulletin is used.
> The list shall include the complete address, or description of
> location, and approximate date of installation or erection. Failure of
> the manufacturer to provide HUD with the above information may result
> in cancellation of this Bulletin.
>
> [NOTICE OF CHANGES:]{.underline}
>
> The manufacturer shall inform HUD in advance of changes in production
> facilities, transportation, field erection procedures, design, or
> materials used in this product. Further, the manufacturer must inform
> HUD of any revision to corporate structure, change of address or
> change in name or affiliation of the prime manufacturer. Failure of
> the manufacturer to notify HUD of any of the above changes may result
> in cancellation of this Bulletin.
>
> -13-
>
> [EVALUATION:]{.underline}
>
> This SEB is valid for a period of three years from the date of initial
> issuance or most recent renewal or revision, whichever is later. The
> holder of this SEB shall apply for a renewal or revision 90 days prior
> to the Review Date printed on this SEB. Submittals for renewal or
> revision shall be sent to:
>
> U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
>
> FHA Standards, Office of Manufactured Housing Programs
>
> 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 9168
>
> Washington, DC 20410-8000
>
> Additionally, the appropriate User Fee shall be sent to:
>
> U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
>
> Miscellaneous Income -- Technical Suitability of Products Fees
>
> Bank of America
>
> P. O. Box 198762
>
> Atlanta, GA 30384-8762
>
> The holder of this SEB may apply for revision at any time prior to the
> Review Date. Minor revisions may be in the form a supplement.
>
> If the Department determines that a proposed renewal or supplement
> constitutes a revision, the appropriate User Fee for a revision will
> need to be submitted in accordance with Code of Federal Regulations 24
> CFR 200.934, \"User Fee System for the Technical Suitability of
> Products Program\", and current User Fee Schedule.
>
> [CANCELLATION:]{.underline}
>
> Failure to apply for a renewal or revision shall constitute a basis
> for cancellation of the SEB. HUD will notify the manufacturer that the
> SEB may be canceled when:

1.  conditions under which the document was issued have changed so as to
    affect production of, or to compromise the integrity of the accepted
    material, product, or system,

2.  the manufacturer has changed its organizational form without
    notifying HUD, or

3.  the manufacturer has not complied with responsibilities it assumed
    as a condition of HUD\'s acceptance.

> -14-
>
> However, before cancellation, HUD will give the manufacturer a written
> notice of the specific reasons for cancellation, and the opportunity
> to present views on why the SEB should not be canceled. No refund of
> fees will be made on a canceled document.
>
> \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*
>
> This Structural Engineering Bulletin is issued solely for the
> captioned firm and is not transferable to any person or successor
> entity.
>
> \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*