Reference number of working document:   ISO/TC 20/SC 14 

Date:   2003-04-30

Reference number of document:   ISO/WD 23041

Committee identification:   ISO/TC 20/SC 14/WG 3

Secretariat:   ANSI

Space systems --- Unmanned spacecraft operational procedures ---
Documentation

*Titre --- Titre --- Partie n: Titre de la partie*

Warning

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Contents

Foreword [iv](#__RefHeading___Toc17860018)

Introduction [v](#__RefHeading___Toc17860019)

1 Scope [1](#scope)

2 Normative references [1](#normative-references)

3 Terms and definitions [1](#terms-and-definitions)

4 Documentation [3](#documentation)

4.1 General preparations [3](#general-preparations)

4.1.1 General [3](#general)

4.1.2 Arrangement of material [3](#arrangement-of-material)

4.1.3 Illustrations [3](#illustrations)

4.2 Space operations manual [4](#space-operations-manual)

4.2.1 General [4](#general-1)

4.2.2 Overview [4](#overview)

4.2.3 Space system description (Chapter 1 of Manual)
[6](#space-system-description-chapter-1-of-manual)

4.2.4 Space system operating functions (Chapter 2 of Manual)
[8](#space-system-operating-functions-chapter-2-of-manual)

4.2.5 Mission operating procedures (Chapter 3 of Manual)
[10](#mission-operating-procedures-chapter-3-of-manual)

4.2.6 System contingency procedures (Chapter 4 of Manual)
[10](#space-segment-contingency-procedures-chapter-4-of-manual)

4.2.7 Operating limitations (Chapter 5 of Manual)
[11](#operating-limitations-chapter-5-of-manual)

4.2.8 Emergency procedures (Chapter 6 of Manual)
[11](#ground-segment-emergency-procedures-chapter-6-of-manual)

4.2.9 Crew duties and responsibilities (Chapter 7 of Manual)
[11](#crew-duties-and-responsibilities-chapter-7-of-manual)

4.2.10 Vocabulary (Chapter 8 of Manual)
[11](#vocabulary-chapter-8-of-manual)

4.3 Classified material [12](#classified-material)

4.4 Abbreviated checklists and step-by-step procedures
[12](#abbreviated-checklists-and-step-by-step-procedures)

4.4.1 Abbreviated checklists [12](#abbreviated-checklists)

4.4.2 Step-by-step procedures [13](#step-by-step-procedures)

Annex A (informative) Mission check list (MCL)
[13](#__RefHeading___Toc17860043)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc17860018 .anchor}Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.

International Standard ISO /WD 23041 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and Space Vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space
Systems and Operations.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc17860019 .anchor}Introduction

This international standard prescribes a standard means to facilitate
the sharing and exchange of beneficial information among organizations;
the spacecraft manufacturer, the mission equipment supplier, the
customer or the spacecraft operation center, and their involvement with
space operations and support. The international standard provides a
common interface to simplify space operations planning and reduce the
effort needed to learn and deal with new space programs and support
organizations.

Space systems --- Unmanned spacecraft operational procedures ---
Documentation

# Scope

This International Standard establishes standards, current guidelines,
and uniform procedures to minimize duplication of effort between the
customer, the agency, participating foreign nations, and the emerging
commercial space community. This standard provides recommended practices
for the development of space operations and support documentation which
should facilitate the sharing and exchange of beneficial information
between organizations involved with space operations. This International
standard establishes a common interface to simplify space operations
planning and reduce the effort needed to learn and work with new space
programs and support organizations.

# Normative references 

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO
and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

IEEE 200, *Electrical & Electronics Parts and Equipment Reference
Designations for (With Correction Sheet)*

IEEE-STD-315 (1975), *IEEE Graphic Symbols for Electrical and
Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters) Bound
With 315A-1996 (R1993) Supplement to IEEE STD 315-1986*

# Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this International Standard, the following terms and
definitions shall apply.

3.1

abbreviated checklist

used as position handbook at operation console (TLM-, CMD-,
Network-console),at network- console crew check only

transmission of CMD and reception of TLM , at TLM CMD- console crew
check the contents of it.) ,and checklist configured by step-by-step
list to confirm each work step

3.2

acquiring agency

organization that is managing the development and acquisition contracts
for the space system and understands the engineering and technical
aspects of the system's operation

3.3

contractor

organization that is building the system under contract to the acquiring
agency

For a particular space system, one organization may consititute more
than one of these agencies

3.4

operations agency

::: Definition
organization to which the operations crew members belong
:::

3.5

operations crew members

::: Definition
personnel who will be using the operations manual to support space
systems
:::

3.6

owner agency

::: Definition
owner of the space system who sets policy for its use.
:::

3.7

space operation manual

includes information needed for normal and contingent TLM / CMD
operation

3.8

separate and distinctive checklist

::: Definition
needed to compensate operation agency's peculiar part of operation
facilities
:::

3.9

space system

::: Definition
system consists of launch segument,spacecraft segument,tracking control
segument
:::

3.10

space system operation

::: Definition
operation needed for launch segument,spacecraft segument,tracking
control segument .
:::

# Documentation

## General preparations

### General 

Unless otherwise specified, the technical manuals and checklists should
include a reproducible copy in a digital format specified by the
acquiring agency. If the magnitude of the information to be included in
the manual is such that a single volume is not practical, then more than
one volume may be used to provide the material.According to the change
of contents (i.e description,table,figure) manual shall be updated with
revision record.

### Arrangement of material

A main table of contents should be prepared. A subsidiary chapter table
of contents should be included at the beginning of each chapter. The
chapter table of contents should include the page on which each section,
primary paragraph, or major subject headings within that chapter are
located.

When a classified manual is involved, the same principles established
for the treatment of the main table of contents should be followed. The
main table of contents should contain numbers and titles of chapters
with their initial page numbers but should not contain any classified
information.

Space operations manuals are normally unclassified. If the space system
classification guide identifies subjects that are required to be known
by space systems crew members as classified, a separate classified
manual or a classified supplement to the basic manual will be developed
for those classified subjects in accordance with current classification
standards.

The heading of the first or introductory paragraph of each chapter
should be general in nature to facilitate including information
concerning the main subject. Subordinate paragraph headings should be
definitive and identify the principal item to be covered.

Wherever practical, text should be simplified and decreased in quantity
by the use of complementary art work. All technical matter should be
written so it is understandable by all personnel who are expected to use
the manual.

### Illustrations

The operations manual should contain the following illustrations:

a.  A general arrangement illustration depicting the space system
    configuration,

b.  Illustrations to clearly show the layout of the space operations
    center, including separate emergency/contingency facilities where
    applicable,

c.  Sufficient other illustrations and diagrams to show the major
    panels, cabinets, consoles, and related equipment that the space
    operations crew personnel will use for operations,

d.  Sufficient diagrams, charts, and schematics to depict the function,
    control, and interrelationship of significant space system
    equipment,

e.  Abbreviations, symbols, reference designations and color coding
    references used in the space operations manual should be in
    accordance with IEEE-STD-315 and IEEE 200 unless otherwise specified
    in this international standard.

## Space operations manual 

### General

The space operations manual provides a general description of the space
system, the operations plan, mission, contingency, and emergency
procedural instructions directly associated with and required for normal
duty shifts, system status monitoring, alarm anomaly response, mission
execution, and post-mission operations. The information should be in
sufficient detail to enable a space operations crew member to perform
his or her crew duties effectively and safely. The space system should
be covered to the extent specified by the operations agency based upon
operational system requirements. The manual should be arranged in the
standard sequence given in Figure 1.

### Overview 

#### Front material

Front material should include those items as listed for this section in
Figure 1. The title page, main table of contents, and safety summary
should be similar to the format of this recommended practice with
details for preparation up to the discretion of the acquiring agency.

The foreword should discuss the various as­pects of the operations
manual. Such dis­cussion should include the scope of the manual, an
indication of the technical proficiency expected of space operations
crew personnel, a discussion of format and content, and special interest
items, e.g., new developments item and a brief description of critical
operation items/prohibit operation.

#### Requirements for chapters 

The specific requirements of each chapter are covered in detail in the
following paragraphs. The listed chapters are mandatory in each manual
and additional chapters may be added if required. If a chapter is not
applicable, the title of that chapter should be located on the last page
of the previous chapter along with a notation that the chapter is not
applicable or that information will be added when it becomes available.
The title of the chapter should appear in the main table of contents
with an appropriate notation.

As appropriate, each chapter should have separate sections for
information pertaining to satellite support during pre-launch period
launch and early orbit, the operational period, the period when the
satellite is no longer fully operational but is still on orbit (reduced
operation), and for the satellite end-of-life (post-mission phase)
process.

Format for presentation of the text, amplified procedures, and
abbreviated checklists should be at the discretion of the acquiring
agency. Format should present crew procedures in a simple, concise,and
understandable layout, consistent with space system requirements. For
systems using digitized technical data, the visual template and the text
should be formatted so the screen presentation will be identical to the
printed data.

**If the operations agency does not require a printed page of the visual
display, the visual display should be formatted to comply with the style
and format of a printed page. Each page of the emergency procedures
chapter should have a border of black diagonal hash markings bled to all
four edges of the page. Where possible, amplified procedures and
checklists developed for a particular space system should be
standardized.**

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *Front material*                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| *• Cover/Title page*                                                  |
|                                                                       |
| *• List of effective pages*                                           |
|                                                                       |
| *• Verification status sheets*                                        |
|                                                                       |
| *• Table of contents*                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| *• List of illustrations*                                             |
|                                                                       |
| *• List of tables*                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| *• Foreword*                                                          |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 1 Space system description*                                  |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 2 Space system operating functions*                          |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 3 Mission operating procedures*                              |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 4 Space segment contingency procedures*                      |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 5 Operating limitations*                                     |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 6 Emergency procedures*                                      |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 7 Crew duties and responsibilities*                          |
|                                                                       |
| *Chapter 8 Vocabulary*                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Figure 1 -- Standard sequence for space operations manuals**

### Space system description (Chapter 1 of Manual)

#### General 

Chapter 1 should consist of a system description designed for general
orientation. The narrative should describe the purpose, main features,
and leading particulars for the space system.

The system and supporting facilities should be described in sufficient
detail to provide a single source document of general system
information. Illustrations that clarify a particular system or reduce
the verbiage necessary for explanation should be included. This chapter
can be divided into several sections: satellite segment description,
ground segment description, launch segment description, and the mission
life (including reduced operation phase, end-of-life/post-mission
phase).

.

#### Satellite segment

##### General 

A description of the satellite segment with reference to the structure,
attitude control, environmental control, communication control, command
and control, power, payload, satellite safing and mode should be
included. Subsequent paragraphs should describe in greater detail
subsystems peculiar to that satellite segment. Such information should
include a general discussion of satellite segment operations to include
a description of major subsystems. The description should be of
sufficient detail to provide an understanding of the purpose and
function of the subsystems, their relation to overall system operations,
and such additional information as to enable the crew member to
understand subsystem functions peculiar to the overall system. Highly
complex satellite segments may require a standalone satellite segment
operations manual. Illustrations should be used to simplify explanation
of system interrelation and component function. For each of the
satellite segment subsystems, depending on the volume of telemetry and
commanding material provided, the information may be included in
separate appendices or handbooks as appropriate.

##### Structure subsystem 

Information should include a description of the structural component
with dimensions and particular data concerning component locations plus
location of other subsystems, if necessary, to afford a better
understanding of satellite construction.

##### Attitude and orbit control subsystem

Information should include a brief description of the purpose and type
of attitude conrol and a more detailed description of the components and
their respective functions [including sensor unit ,regulator unit
,actuator unit]{.underline}. Illustrations should be used to simplify
explanation of system interrelation and component function.

##### Thermal control subsystem

Information should include a description of the environmental control
systems, type of controls employed[(ie. active,passive)]{.underline},
and sufficient detail on operations and configuration of environmental
control components to provide an understanding of system operations.
Illustrations should be used to simplify explanation of system
interrelation and component function[(ie. heater,radiator)]{.underline}.

##### Tracking telemetry and command subsystem

Information should include a description of antenna unit, radio
frequency unit, tracking and ranging unit,base band unit/telemetry
command and control systems, command groups, descriptions of individual
command sequences, type and individual telemetry data and sufficient
detail on operations and configuration of command and control components
to provide an understanding of system operations. Illustrations should
be used to simplify explanation of system interrelation and component
function.

##### Payload communication subsystem

Information should include a description of payload/missiom
communication subsystem(antenna unit, radio frequency unit), and their
function with operational configuration.

##### Power subsystem

Information should include a description of the power system,
distribution system, storage system, power control, and sufficient
detail on operations and configuration of power system components to
provide an understanding of system operations. Illustrations should be
used to simplify explanation of system interrelation and component
function.

##### Payload subsystem 

Information should include a description of the payload system, mission
sensors, data formatting, data recording, and data playback control
processors. Sufficient detail on operations and configuration of payload
system components should be furnished in order to provide an
understanding of system operations. Illustrations should be used to
simplify explanation of system interrelation and component function.

#### Ground segment

##### General

A general description of the physical layout, including location and
function of mission data processing, data archive, telemetry data
processing, radar subsystems, ground sensors, recorder subsystems,
security, personnel access, and power systems, should be included.
Detailed discussion should include the data processor, data storage,
telemetry processor, data switching, external interfaces, antenna/array,
transmitter, receiver, and associated support equipment required for
system configuration as they support space operations crew member
operations. Highly complex ground systems may require a standalone
ground system operations manual. Illustrations should be used to
simplify explanation of system interrelation and component function.

##### Electrical power subsystem 

A discussion of the electrical power system should include normal,
standby, emergency, and uninterruptable power sources, with a
description of distribution components, switch gear, and
power-generating equipment.

##### Environmental control subsystem

A description of the environmental control system for the space
operations center and equipment areas should be included. The
description should also include a general description of heating and
ventilating equipment and associated maintenance support equipment
including a description of equipment interface with alarm and detector
equipment.

##### Auxiliary equipment 

General principles of operations should be provided for equipment that
requires operator knowledge such as fire detection / suppression,
environmental sensing, and security detection.

##### Communications 

A description of the communications systems will include, but not be
limited to, higher authority, payload communication control and payload
data process, tracking telemetry and command control, secure/nonsecure
voice, secure/nonsecure data, multiplexing/ demultiplexing systems,
intersite, intercom, and administrative communications systems. Any crew
activity regarding normal, emergency, or malfunction operations will be
addressed in the applicable chapter. Highly complex communications
systems may require a standalone communications system operations
manual. Illustrations should be used to simplify explanation of system
interrelation and component function.

#### Pre-launch segment

Provide in this section information consistent with what operations
personnel need to know for the type of pre-launch phase support to be
provided. If pre-launch phase support is to be provided, the ground
segment schedule and works with an overview of the pre-launch event
sequence should be included. The constraints resulted from pre-launch
ground segment test (ie : data system test with database
verification),and interface test between space segment (ie :radio
frequency and baseband compatibility test, data interface test) should
be included.

#### Launch segment

Provide in this section information consistent with what operations
personnel need to know for the type of launch phase support to be
provided. If launch phase support is to be provided, include an overview
of the launch sequence plus telemetry, boost phase programmed events,
and other launch phase items as appropriate. Also, if information needed
by operations personnel and provided in the preceding Satellite Segment
and Ground Segment sections is different during the launch phase,
identify those differences in this section as appropriate.

### Space system operating functions (Chapter 2 of Manual)

#### General

Chapter 2 should emphasize the process required to bring the system to
full operational capability, status monitoring, alarm/anomaly response,
mission planning, mission execution, and post-mission activity.

Chapter 2 should contain a functional explanation of the mission,
contingency, and emergency procedures contained in other chapters of the
manual. Flow diagrams should be presented to support text when it is
determined necessary. The functional description should include the
following, as applicable:

a.  When the procedure will be accomplished,

b.  Where the procedure will be accomplished; for example, rack,
    console, or other location,

c.  The time usually required for the system to complete a function,

d.  What is accomplished by the procedure,

e.  pre-requisites needed for procedure execution,

f.  Procedure peculiarities, if any,

g.  When it is possible (or prohibited) to accomplish the procedure,

h.  Identification of the crew interface and actions required to operate
    the function.

Where possible, crew procedures common to all space systems, e.g.,
complex entry and exit, crew changeover briefings, activity coordination
briefing, should be identified by common titles. Amplified procedures
should tell who, what, when, where, why, and how. Most procedures in
this chapter and in the next chapter will be in checklist format.

#### Operations center security procedures

Amplified procedures should include func­tions accomplished by the
oncoming and duty crew necessary for personnel identification,
classified inventory, check of warning devices (if applicable), and
specified equipment, as applicable to the space system.

#### Changeover procedures

Crew changeover procedures and briefings should be included to
facilitate the assumption of duties by the oncoming crew. These
procedures should include briefings and pro­cedures that will enable both
the duty crew and the relief crew to review, examine, and determine
system status during the course of changeover. Procedures and briefings
that would materially assist in accomplishing an effective crew
changeover should be included.

#### Status and fault monitoring 

Space system status received at the space operations center may be
presented by console indications, printouts, and alarms. For abnormal
indications, the operator should be given instructions on the best
method of prioritizing crew actions and reacting to the indications.
Instructions must provide clear direction for the space operations crew
member to understand and react to these stimuli and to be able to
perform normal, emergency, and malfunction procedures to isolate the
condition and maintain maximum space system capability.

#### Activity coordination procedures

These procedures should include information required by space operations
crew members to accomplish their duty assignments. Information should
advise space operations crew members of scheduled activities,
operational and maintenance support tasks, emergency procedures, and
administrative matters. An activity coordination briefing should be
conducted prior to any operations of system equipment or the
accomplishment of any onsite maintenance or servicing task. The purpose
of an activity coordination briefing is to ensure that safe and correct
procedures are followed during the performance of any function involving
onsite equipment. It is the responsibility of the briefing official to
ensure personnel are thoroughly briefed on all aspects of the activity
to be conducted. This briefing should include, but not be restricted to,
communications and normal, malfunction, emergency, and contingency
procedures in progress or anticipated.

#### Safety procedures

The procedures should include rules for evacuation of the operation crew
.Procedures for an onsite safety briefing for visiting personnel should
be included. The procedures should include information sufficient in
scope to advise visiting personnel of existing site hazards, alert
procedures, hazardous operations scheduled or in progress, and danger
areas. The procedures should include the escort/visitor relationship,
location of safety equipment, reaction to announced emergency
conditions, and communications procedures.

#### Operations center Inspections and system test procedures

This procedure should provide the space operations crew during alert
with a verification of system capability and system status. The extent
and complexity of these procedures should depend on the particular space
system. In each case, the amplified procedures in this chapter and
applicable corresponding abbreviated checklist should contain complete
verification procedures for determining system capability and system
status. System test procedures are designed to augment the verification
of system status and enhance the ability of the space operations crew
member to isolate problems and restore the space system to full
operational posture. These procedures should be placed in an abbreviated
checklist if deemed necessary by the acquiring agency.

Verification/inspection procedures performed by other than space
operations crew members should be included in the operations manual.

Equipment status verified by crew personnel during the verification /
inspection should include mission-essential equipment. Verification /
inspection procedures for equipment requiring status verification less
frequently should be contained in other space system technical orders.

#### Communications equipment procedures

Activities required to inspect, startup, initialize, and operate
equipment and to perform diagnostic tests will be described. Procedures
for isolating communications equipment from space system equipment may
be required. Either the operations agency or the acquiring agency may
request a standalone operations manual for complex or highly integrated
communications equipment.

#### Ground system procedures

Activities required to inspect, startup, initialize, configure, and
operate equipment and to perform diagnostic tests will be described.
Procedures for isolating ground system from communications equipment may
be required. Either the operations agency or the acquiring agency may
request a standalone operations manual for complex or highly integrated
ground systems.

#### Mission planning procedures

These procedures should include the neces­sary actions to be accomplished
by the space operations crew to perform long- and short-term mission
planning necessary to accomplish all mission requirements. Amplified
procedures and the applicable corresponding abbreviated checklist should
contain suffi­cient detail to ensure all aspects of mission planning are
accomplished.

#### Mission execution procedures

These procedures should contain mission execution requirements to be
accomplished by space operations crew personnel. Procedures should be in
sufficient detail to direct space operations crew personnel in
accomplishing mission execution of space assets. Operating procedures to
identify and correct system anomalies may be required.

#### Post-mission procedures

These procedures should contain post-mission requirements to be
accomplished by space operations crew personnel. Procedures should be in
sufficient detail to direct space operations crew personnel in
accomplishing shutdown and reporting procedures (if applicable to the
space system).

### Mission operating procedures (Chapter 3 of Manual)

Chapter 3 should contain detailed information required by the space
operations crew in the performance of normal operational duties. It
should include briefings and procedures to be conducted during normal
duty shift, mission planning, mission execution, post mission, training
operations, mission verification and such other operations as may be
applicable or specifically required by the acquiring, operations, or
owner agency.

Chapter 3 should consist of normal operational briefings and procedures
required of space operations crew personnel during the course of a duty
shift. The procedures should identify requirements from the point of
crew arrival onsite, during daily or recurring tasks, and until crew
departure following completion of the duty shift.

Operational procedures should define individual and crew
responsibilities and provide amplified procedures sufficient to ensure
complete, accurate, and timely accomplishment of these functions. Simple
procedures, such as operations center security, should be contained in
this chapter. Complex or lengthy procedures should be explained in this
chapter in amplified procedures format.

The contents of Chapter 3 should include those crew briefings and
procedures required to determine system status, maintain operational
capability, execute mission, conduct post-mission operations, and ensure
secure operations.

### Space segment contingency procedures (Chapter 4 of Manual)

Chapter 4 should consist of procedures that will enable a space
operations crew to identify and isolate the most probable system
malfunctions that could occur during mission operations. These
procedures should include trouble shooting guidelines for internal and
external problems (solar flares, interference, etc.). In those systems
that have redundant or backup equipment, the required procedures to
maintain operational status of the system should be provided. At the
direction of the acquiring agency, remedial actions should be given in
this chapter. For ease of reference, malfunctions should be listed by
subsystem and in order of impact on space operations or sustaining
operational mission status for the space system.

Chapter 4 should contain information for identification, isolation, and
correction of system malfunctions that occur. Space system operations
crew procedures should be located in this chapter. The information
should be of sufficient scope to include corrective procedures for
abnormal conditions (induced by internal and/or external conditions),
and should be in sufficient detail to enable crew personnel to
accomplish appropriate procedures using authorized technical data or
under the direction of competent technical authority (i.e., system
engineers, command post, etc.). Malfunction identification procedures
should be developed to afford ready reference to a particular
malfunctioning system and the malfunction indication within that system.
The procedures should be as direct and simple as possible, consistent
with the action necessary to remedy the malfunction. The information
should indicate the affect of the malfunction on the system, probable
cause, and corrective action. Presentation of malfunction analysis
procedures should be standardized within a space system insofar as
possible.

### Operating limitations (Chapter 5 of Manual)

Chapter 5 should contain those limitations that impose a restriction,
affect system accuracy, or otherwise adversely affect system operations
or system capability.

Chapter 5 should contain operating limitations imposed as a result of
system configuration, operational consideration, and environmental
restrictions as applicable. It should include a description of each
specific limitation and its application to the space system. In
discussing limitations, applicable tables and graphs should be included.
Operational limitations of a classified nature should be included in a
classified supplement to the operations manual.

### Ground segment emergency procedures (Chapter 6 of Manual)

Chapter 6 should describe the procedures to be followed in meeting
emergencies that might reasonably occur. These procedures should be
limited to those emergency conditions, personnel actions, and safety
factors that could reasonably reduce the possibility of personnel injury
or safety rule violations. This chapter should include required crew
reactions to correct or contain emergency conditions or prohibit crew
actions in accordance with established directives. Safety hazards,
emergency operational procedures, and emergency situations should be
clearly defined to ensure crew recognition of an emergency condition
occurring during any phase of space operations.

This chapter should be limited to those space operations crew emergency
procedures necessary to ensure safe recovery in the event of a critical
malfunction or emergency condition occurring during mission operations.
If appropriate, procedures should include information prohibiting
certain crew actions which, if accomplished, would violate established
space system safety directives. Sufficient narrative should be included
to enable crew members to recognize a hazardous condition and take
appropriate action.

This chapter should include procedures designed for: (1) crew
identification of emergency conditions; (2) corrective action; and (3)
emergency operations procedures. Additional safety information may be
included but should be restricted to items of personnel safety (i.e.,
high voltages, high pressures, and environmental hazards) but should not
include items of a purely first aid nature.

Textual material, amplified procedures, and an abbreviated checklist for
emergencies that the crew normally may be expected to encounter during
duty shifts or maintenance activity should be included. The amplified
procedures should include sufficient textual material to define the
immediate effect the emergency condition will have on system capability
and such actions within crew capability to restore mission
effectiveness. This chapter should include procedures, as applicable to
the space system, for use during a fire or overheat situation, hazard
situation, security system violations, or space system safety
violations.

### Crew duties and responsibilities (Chapter 7 of Manual)

This chapter should describe those crew positions ,duties and required
to operate space systems. The title, duties, responsibilities of
individual space operations crew positions , crew organization and
organizational interface, training and certification required to operate
the space system safely and effectively during their duty shift and to
conduct mission operations should be included. This chapter should be
composed entirely of information furnished by the operations agency and
should contain no information for which engineering responsibility could
become an issue.

### Vocabulary (Chapter 8 of Manual)

Serious consideration should be given to preparing a vocabulary for the
operations manual. The contents should be arranged in alphabetical
sequence and should include technical terms, definitions, acronyms, and
abbreviations. The only information to be provided should be distinctive
to the space system under consideration.

## Classified material

The format and contents of the classified manual should be identical to
the unclassified manual that it supports. Arrangement and presentation
of data should be in accor­dance with the applicable requirements
established for the corresponding unclassified manual, plus such
additional requirements as determined by the acquiring agency. A
foreword should be included covering the scope and content of the
classified manual.

A Classified manual should be published only when determined absolutely
necessary. Both manuals should be completely crossreferenced to one
another. The method of referencing should be identical in that the title
pages and tables of contents will reference one another.

## Abbreviated checklists and step-by-step procedures

### Abbreviated checklists

This paragraph applies where separate abbreviated checklists are
specified by the acquiring or operations agency. The abbreviated
operations checklists for use with space operations systems should be
prepared jointly by the contractor and the owner and /or operations
agency under the supervision of the acquiring agency. Verification of
checklist procedures should be accomplished prior to final publication.
Unless authorized, preliminary procedures should not be published to
support operational requirements of the owner agency. Checklists should
contain only that information necessary to safely and effectively
accomplish the required tasks. The checklist should tell only what to do
and when to do it, not how to do the work. the checklist also include
the identification of the amplified procedure from which the checklist
is derived. An abbreviated operations checklist should be prepared when
one or more of the following conditions exist:

a.  Communication between individuals is necessary to control or monitor
    task progression,

b.  Potential damage or degradation to equipment is possible that would
    reduce operational readiness or adversely affect mission capability,

c.  Potential injury to personnel may occur unless prescribed procedures
    are followed,

d.  The task is critical to mission accomplishment.

Checklist data should include instructions that duplicate, in
abbreviated form, corresponding actions contained in the amplified
procedures. The data should be presented in step-by-step format and
should be limited to material necessary to accomplish the action. The
data should be in triple column format: crew duty position(s) performing
the step in the first column; step number in the second column; and
actions to be performed in the third column. Placard information and
response should be printed in upper case letters or figures (e.g.,
COMMUNICATIONS LINK OUT.) Step-by-step presentation need not consist of
complete sentences. Leaders, i.e., SATELLITE CONTROL CONSOLE, should be
inserted between columns on the left side of the page.

Reference to applicable operations or maintenance manual(s) chapter and
paragraph required to correct a malfunction or continue a mission
operation should be listed immediately following the task. Inclusion of
such additional data should be limited to information essential to
accomplishing the tasks and should be included only when absolutely
necessary.

Reverse side of checklist pages intentionally left blank should not
contain a statement to that effect. Numbers of the blank pages should
appear on the preceding page imme­diately following that page number and
separated by a slash (/). For example: 317/318, 318 being the blank
page.

When page numbering continuity is broken by deletion of pages by change,
the page deletions should be referenced in the list of effective pages.
A statement indicating the deletions should be placed in the bottom
margin of the preceding page or the top margin of the following page to
show reason for the break in page number continuity. The statement
should be in the following form: \"All data on Page XX, deleted.\" When
changes to a function within the emergency procedures checklist result
in addition or deletion of steps within the function, the entire
function should be reissued to avoid any break in sequential page or
step numbering and to prevent any pages or major portions of any page
within the function from being blank.

Acquiring agencies should ensure that inclusion of special notices be
held to an absolute minimum consistent with procedural requirements.
When included, warnings, cau­tions, and notes should precede the action
to which they refer.

### Step-by-step procedures 

In lieu of separate abbreviated checklists step-by-step procedures for
use by space operations crews should be prepared for lengthy or critical
procedures or both. The contractor and the owner and/or operations
agency should jointly determine which procedures are step-by-step.
Step-by-step procedures should contain only that information necessary
to accomplish the required task safely and effectively. The step-by-step
procedures should have the following characteristics:

a.  Each step-by-step procedure should start at the top of a page,

b.  Step-by-step procedure titles should be identified at the top and
    bottom of each page,

c.  All illustrations should be located at the rear of the chapter or
    section to which they apply,

d.  Narrative procedures should be placed in the front of the
    appropriate chapters, and the step-by-step procedures should be
    arranged sequentially,

e.  Each step of the procedure should be numbered. There should be no
    lettered substeps in the step-by-step procedures,

f.  Procedures should be paragraph numbered,

g.  Introductory text (lead-in paragraphs) should not be included in
    step-by-step procedures but should appear in the appropriate
    chapter,

h.  Lead-in statements referring to particular items of equipment or
    alternative actions should be underlined,

i.  Where lead-ins reference nomenclature and steps, the nomenclature
    should be referenced first, followed by applicable steps,

j.  Amplifications of Steps should be included only when necessary,

k.  Information applying to several steps should be presented as a note
    or lead sentence as best suits the situation,

l.  The step-by-step procedural step should contain actions to be
    checked, observed, or verified and arranged in order of performance,

m.  Applicable cautions and warnings pertaining to personnel injury or
    equipment damage should be included in the procedure,

n.  Verification of step-by-step procedures should be accomplished prior
    to final publication.

A separate and distinctive checklist should be prepared covering
appropriate emergency amplified procedures and mission continuation
procedures as contained in Chapter 4. Emergency procedures checklist
should be restricted to those crew procedures required to safeguard the
equipment, prevent injury to personnel, or continue mission functions
involving hazardous conditions or operations. Pages within this
checklist should be prepared in the same format as the normal procedures
checklist (see EXAMPLE1, EXAMPLE2, EXAMPLE3 in Annex A (informative))
except that they should have a border of black diagonal hash markings
bled to all four edges of the page.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc17860043 .anchor}Annex A\
(informative)\
\
Mission check list (MCL)

A.1 General

> This Annex provides procedures used to exchange administrative and
> technical information in the satellite operation among organizations.
>
> MCL  is a standard procedure used to conduct satellite operation in
> each visible pass between NASA-NASDA, NOAA-NASDA, ESA-NASDA,
> CNES-NASDA,CEE-NASDA.

A.2 Configuration of MCL

MCL is constructed corresponding to transmission protocol and type of
data to be transmitted shown in Table A.1-Example 1 through Table A.3 -
Example 3.

A.3 Elements

In Example 1 through 3 the elements have the following meaning:

MCL : Mission ( operation ) check list

AOS : Acquisition of signal

LOS : Loss of signal

TLM : telemetry

CMD :command

ST :Satellite Tracking & control station :Track satellite, acquire TLM
data and transmit CMD

(example: NASA=GDS,CNES= CNES Kourou,ESA=Perth)

SOM : Station operation manager (example :
NASA=JPL,CNES=TLS/Toulouse,ESA=ESOC)

TC : Satellite tracking & control center : direct ST's (where,sample
relation of ST-SOM-TC is

shown in Figure A.1)

EL : Elevation angle of tracking antenna

GW : Gate way for X.25

JPL : Jet propulsion laboratory NASA

GDS :Gold stone satellite tracking & control station JPL/NASA

> SOE :Sequence of events

SOP :Satellite operation procedure

SOE : Sequence of events

SOP : Satellite operation procedure (The set of CMD sequence and related
TLM data variation to be

monitored )

INT102 ; INT= Initial phase (Launch early orbit phase :LEOP ) SOP

NM102 ; NM= Normal phase SOP

OC102 ; OC=Orbit control phase SOP

CTG102 ; CNT=Contingency SOP

EC102 ; EC =Eclipse phase operation SOP

1 =Orbital revolution count (count up at ascending node)

02 =procedure No

Figure A.1- NASDA-NASAJPL / GDS case

Table A.1- EXAMPLE 1 : Step-by-step operation procedure : MCL / X.25

  ----------- ------ ----- ------- ------------------------------------- -------------
  Timing      From   To    Event   Message                               Comment
                           ID                                            

  AOS-20Min   SOM    ST    1       Confirm ST is ready to support        

              TC     ST    1A      Inform ST support requirement in this 
                                   visible pass                          

  AOS-15Min   TC     ST    2       Send 'connection request' from GW to  X.25
                                   ST for TLM & CMD                      

              ST     TC    2A      ST transmit test TLM data             

              TC     ST    2B      Confirm receipt at GW                 

              TC     ST    2C      Send 'SYSTEM ALIVE 'messages to ST    

  AOS-10Min   ST           3       Terminate transmission of test TLM    U/L,D/L
                                   data, and reconfigure for real time   polarity etc.
                                   support                               

              TC           3A      Key in receipt TLM display console ID TC in house
                                   at GW                                 only

              TC           3B      Key in CMD transmit console ID at GW  TC in house
                                                                         only

  AOS         ST           4       AOS                                   

              TC           4A      Confirm receipt TLM at GW             

              SOM    TC    4B      Announce ST AOS time                  HH:MM:SS

  EL greater  SOM    TC    5       Report carrier--up and sweep at EL    detect EL
  than 5 deg                       greater than 5deg time                angle 5 deg
                                                                         crossing

              TC     ST    5A      CMD transmission for satellite        
                                   operation by SOE/SOP                  

  EL smaller  SOM    TC    5B      Report carrier--down at EL smaller    detect EL
  than 5 deg                       than 5 deg time                       angle 5 deg
                                                                         crossing

  LOS         ST           6       LOS                                   

              SOM    TC    6A      Announce ST LOS time                  HH:MM:SS

              TC           6B      Clear ID and release TLM display      TC in house
                                   console at GW                         only

              TC           6C      Send' connection release' from GW to  X.25
                                   ST for TLM & CMD                      

              TC     SOM   7       Announce next voice contact day &     DD:HH:MM:SS
                                   time                                  
  ----------- ------ ----- ------- ------------------------------------- -------------

Table A.2 - EXAMPLE 2 : Step-by-step operation procedure : MCL / TCPIP

  ----------- ------ ----- ------- ----------------------------------- -------------
  Timing      From   To    Event   Message                             Comment
                           ID                                          

  Few hours   TC     ST    0       Communication link connection for   TCPIP
  before                           the TLM & CMD and check             

  AOS-20Min   TC     ST    1       Confirm ST is ready to support      

              TC     ST    1A      Inform ST support requirement in    
                                   this visible pass                   

  AOS-15Min   ST     TC    2       ST transmit test TLM Data           

              TC     ST    2A      Confirm receipt at GW               

              TC     ST    2B      Send 'SYSTEM ALIVE 'messages to ST  

  AOS-10Min   ST           3       Terminate transmission of test TLM  U/L, D/L
                                   data, and reconfigure for real time polarity etc.
                                   support                             

              TC           3A      Key in receipt TLM display console  TC in house
                                   ID at GW                            only

              TC           3B      Key in CMD transmit console ID at   TC in house
                                   GW                                  only

  AOS         ST           4       AOS                                 

              TC           4A      Confirm receipt TLM at GW           

              SOM    TC    4B      Announce ST AOS time                HH:MM:SS

  EL greater  SOM    TC    5       Report carrier--up and sweep at EL  detect EL
  than 5 deg                       greater than 5 deg time             angle 5 deg
                                                                       crossing

              TC     ST    5A      CMD transmission for satellite      
                                   operation by SOE/SOP                

  EL smaller  SOM    TC    5B      Report carrier--down at EL smaller  detect El
  than 5 deg                       than 5 deg time                     angle 5 deg
                                                                       crossing

  LOS         ST           6       LOS                                 

              SOM    TC    6A      Announce ST LOS time                HH:MM:SS

              TC           6B      Clear ID and release TLM display    TC in house
                                   Console at GW                       only

              TC     SOM   7       Announce next voice contact day &   DD:HH:MM:SS
                                   time                                
  ----------- ------ ----- ------- ----------------------------------- -------------

Table A.3 - EXAMPLE 3 : Step-by-step operation procedure : SOE / SOP

  ----------- ------ ---- ----------- --------------------------- ----------------
  Timing      From   To   Event ID    Event                       Comment
                          (SOP No)                                

  AOS+10 Min  TC     TC   1(INT101)   1 st AOS operation:         NASDA only
                                      Spacecraft(S/C) status      
                                      check                       

  AOS+1.5 h   TC     ST   2(INT102)   1 st AOS CMD:Earth sensor   
                                      ON, coherent mode ENA ,fuel 
                                      tank /line heater ON        

  AOS+2.0 h   TC     ST   3(INT103)   Solar array paddle hold     

  MNVR-1.0 h  TC     ST   4(INT104)   20N thruster（THR）test     
                                      maneuver (MNVR) catalyst    
                                      bed heater ON , latching    
                                      valve operation             

  MNVR Time   TC     ST   4A (INT105) 20N THR firing              

  MNVR+20 min TC     ST   5 (INT106)  Solar array paddle slew &   
                                      start the sun tracking      

  LOS-40min   TC     ST   6 (INT107)  Coherent mode DSA           for next NASDA
                                                                  station

  ＬOS-30 Min TC     TC   7 (INT108)  Pre LOS operation S/C       NASDA only
                                      status check                
  ----------- ------ ---- ----------- --------------------------- ----------------

\* The procedure 5A in MCL is replaced by this SOE/SOP