SECTION 26 0526

Grounding and Bonding for electrical systems

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LANL MASTER SPECIFICATION

This template must be edited for each project.  In doing so, specifier
must add job-specific requirements.  Brackets are used in the text to
indicate designer choices or locations where text must be supplied by
the designer.  Once the choice is made or text supplied, remove the
brackets.  The specifications must also be edited to delete
specification requirements for processes, items, or designs that are not
included in the project \-- and specifier's notes such as these.  To
seek a variance from requirements in the specifications that are
applicable, contact the Engineering Standards Manual Electrical
[POC](http://engstandards.lanl.gov/engrman/7elec/htmls/elecnew2.htm).
Please contact POC with suggestions for improvement as well.\
\
When assembling a specification package, include applicable
specifications from all Divisions, especially Division 1, General
requirements.\
\
Specification developed for ML-4 projects.  For ML-1, 2, and 3
applications, additional requirements and independent reviews should be
added if increased confidence in procurement or execution is desired;
see ESM Chapter 1 Section Z10 Specifications and Quality Sections.\
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1.  GENERAL

    1.  Section Includes

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Edit the following articles to match Project requirements; delete
articles that are not needed.

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A.  Main Grounding Electrode System (Lightning Protection System
    grounding is specified in Section 26 4100.)

B.  Circuit and System Grounding

C.  Enclosure and Equipment Grounding System

D.  Isolated Ground System

E.  Signal Reference Grid

F.  Static Electricity Grounding and Bonding

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2.  LANL PERFORMED WORK

    A.  None

3.  SUBMITTALS

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Edit the following articles to match Project requirements; delete
articles that are not needed. Include submittals only to the extent
required to assure quality for the particular project.

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A.  Submit the following in accordance with [Section 01
    330](http://www.lanl.gov/f6stds/pubf6stds/conspec/htmls/csindex.htm)0
    Submittal Procedures:

    1.  Catalog Data: Submit catalog data for grounding conductors,
        grounding clamps, grounding bushings, grounding plates,
        grounding bars, chemical ground rods, exothermic weld materials,
        compression grounding connector materials, static grounding
        materials, and signal reference grid materials.

    2.  Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings for signal reference grid
        fabrication and installation.

    3.  Project Record Documents: Submit project record documents to
        include specified certifications and field test reports of
        installed grounding systems.

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4.  REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

    A.  Comply with the National Electrical Code (NEC) for components
        and installation.

    B.  Provide products that are listed and labeled by a Nationally
        Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) for the application and
        environment in which installed.

5.  Receiving, Storing and Protecting

    A.  Receive, store, and protect, and handle products according to
        NECA 1 Standard Practices for Good Workmanship in Electrical
        Construction.

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2.  PRODUCTS

    1.  product options and substitutions

        A.  Alternate products may be accepted; follow [Section 01
            2500](http://www.lanl.gov/f6stds/pubf6stds/conspec/htmls/csindex.htm#Div1),
            Substitution Procedures.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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1.  GROUND ELECTRODE CABLE

    A.  Provide bare stranded, soft temper copper cable that conforms to
        ASTM B8 Standard Specification for Concentric-Lay Stranded
        Copper Conductors.

2.  CHEMICAL GROUND ROD

    A.  Provide NRTL listed chemical ground rod(s) as shown on the
        Drawings.

    B.  Furnish chemical ground rods fabricated from Type K copper
        tubing approximately 10 feet long, 2 inches in diameter and
        containing a hygroscopic electrolyte material.

    C.  Furnish each chemical ground rod with a 24 inch long 4/0 AWG
        copper pigtail, a protective cover box, and sufficient ground
        ground-enhancing backfill material for installation in a 6 inch
        augered hole.

    D.  Manufacturers: Lyncole Industries Inc., LEC Inc., Superior
        Grounding Systems Inc.

3.  GROUND ELECTRODE BACKFILL MATERIAL

    A.  Provide ground enhancement backfill material for ground rods and
        cable type electrodes.

    B.  Field-mixed backfill material shall consist of approximately 75
        percent gypsum (calcium sulfate), 20 percent bentonite clay, and
        5 percent sodium sulfate.

    C.  Commercial backfill material, when at 300% moisture content
        ((weight of water/weight of material)x 100), shall have a
        resistivity of approximately 250 ohm-cm at 30% solids density
        and a pH of 8 to 10.

    D.  Manufacturers: Lyncole "Lynconite", LEC Inc. "GAF", Superior
        Grounding Systems "Electro-Fill"

4.  Equipment GROUNDING CONDUCTORS

    A.  Provide NRTL-listed THHN/THWN insulated copper wire.

    B.  Use solid grounding conductors 10 AWG and smaller where not
        subject to vibration or repeated flexing.

    C.  Use stranded grounding conductors for 8 AWG and larger.

    D.  Use stranded grounding conductors where subject to vibration or
        repeated flexing. Use stranded grounding conductors in flexible
        conduit at motor connections.

    E.  Color code grounding conductors as follows:

        1.  Equipment ground:

            a.  Conductors 6 AWG and smaller: Green colored insulation.

            b.  Conductors 4 AWG and larger: Green colored insulation or
                black colored insulation with 3/4 inch wide band of
                water and oil-resistant green plastic adhesive tape.

        2.  Isolated ground:

            a.  Conductors 6 AWG and smaller: Green colored insulation
                with continuous yellow stripe.

            b.  Conductors 4 AWG and larger: Green colored insulation
                with continuous yellow stripe or black colored
                insulation with 3/4 inch wide bands of water and
                oil-resistant green and yellow plastic adhesive tape.

5.  GROUND BAR

    A.  Provide ground bar, 12 inches long or greater length as
        indicated on the Drawings, fabricated from 1/4 inch thick, 4
        inch wide copper stock with (1" + 3/4\") x 2\" bolt hole pattern
        to accept NEMA standard lugs. Mount ground bar on 2700 volt
        standoff insulators.

    B.  Provide 25 ft 4/0 AWG copper pigtail exothermically welded to
        the ground bar.

    C.  Manufacturer: Harger "GBIT"

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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6.  GROUND PLATES

    A.  Provide ground plates designed for flush mounting in concrete
        structures.

    B.  Furnish copper alloy castings with four 1/2" x 13 threaded holes
        at 1.75\" x 1.75\" NEMA spacing and a welding stud or
        compression connection suitable for 2 AWG to 250 kcmil copper
        conductor.

    C.  Furnish NRTL-listed ground plates that are suitable for direct
        burial and have been tested successfully according to the
        requirements of IEEE Std. 837 IEEE Standard for Qualifying
        Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding.

    D.  Manufacturer: Burndy "YGF"

7.  Pipe GROUNDing CONNECTORS

    A.  Provide NRTL-listed copper-alloy connectors for making cable to
        pipe connections.

    B.  Manufacturer: O-Z/Gedney "ABG" or "CG"..

8.  CONDUIT GROUNDING BUSHINGS

    A.  Provide NRTL-listed, galvanized malleable iron, 150 C rated
        insulated throat grounding bushings with lay-in type ground
        cable lugs.

    B.  Manufacturers: O-Z/Gedney Type "BLG"

9.  EXOTHERMIC WELD GROUNDING CONNECTIONS

    A.  Provide molds and welding material for making exothermic weld
        connections.

    B.  In interior locations and in vaults, use low smoke emission type
        welding material.

    C.  Match mold and weld material to material types, shapes and sizes
        to be joined.

    D.  Manufacturer: ERICO Cadweld

10. COMPRESSION GROUNDING CONNECTIONS

    A.  Provide wrought copper connectors, terminals, taps, and splices
        for making irreversible compression grounding connections.

    B.  Furnish NRTL-listed grounding connectors that are suitable for
        direct burial and have been tested successfully according to the
        requirements of IEEE Std. 837 IEEE Standard for Qualifying
        Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding.

    C.  Provide connector manufacturer's hydraulic compression tools and
        dies that match the connectors.

    D.  Match connector and die size to material shapes and conductor
        sizes to be joined.

    E.  Use two-hole heavy-duty compression lugs for bolted connections
        to ground bars, ground plates, and equipment ground pads.

    F.  Manufacturer: Burndy "Hyground"

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project. Refer to Section D5020 in Chapter 7 of the LANL
Engineering Standards Manual for design requirements

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11. SIGNAL REFERENCE GRID (SRG)

    A.  Furnish signal reference grid (SRG) as indicated on the
        Drawings.

    B.  Provide a pre-fabricated grid of 2 inch wide by 26 gage copper
        strips on two foot centers with all crossover connections
        factory welded.

    C.  Provide low impedance risers consisting of 2 inch wide by 26
        gage copper strips for connecting equipment to the signal
        reference grid.

    D.  Manufacturers: ERICO Cadweld, Harger

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project. Refer to Section D5020 in Chapter 7 of the LANL
Engineering Standards Manual for static electricity grounding and
bonding design requirements.

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12. Static Electricity Grounding and Bonding

    A.  Furnish static electricity grounding and bonding material as
        indicated on the Drawings and as required for a complete
        installation.

    B.  Provide static ground bus complete with clamps, connectors, and
        mounting hardware.

        1.  Ground bus cable: 1/0 AWG bare stranded, soft temper copper
            cable that conforms to ASTM B8 Standard Specification for
            Concentric-Lay Stranded Copper Conductors.

        2.  Connectors: Copper compression ring tongue terminals.
            Provide connector manufacturer's compression tools and dies
            that match the connectors. Manufacturer: Burndy YAV-L.

        3.  Cable holders: Preformed copper support loops, 5/8 inch
            wide. Manufacturer: Thompson Lighting Protection No. 166.

    C.  Provide retractable static grounding reels with an enclosed
        cable drum and \[20\] \[50\] feet of 3/32 inch galvanized cable
        having a spring compression grounding clamp. Manufacturer:
        Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing type \[R-20\] \[R-50\].

    D.  Provide spring compression grounding clamps having a plier type
        cast aluminum body and two stainless steel contact points.
        Manufacturer: Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing type REB2960.

    E.  Provide cast bronze clamps for static bonding of metal pipes.
        Manufacturer: Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing JR150 series.

    F.  Provide cast bronze or galvanized steel C-clamps for making
        semi-permanent connections to drums and containers.
        Manufacturer: Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing type EP.

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3.  EXECUTION

    1.  EXAMINATION

        A.  Verify that work of other trades likely to damage grounding
            and bonding material has been completed.

        B.  Verify that field measurements are as shown on Drawings.

        C.  Electrode locations and grounding cable routing shown on
            Drawings are approximate unless dimensioned.

            1.  Install electrodes and route cable as required meeting
                project conditions.

            2.  Where electrode location or cable routing is not shown,
                and destination only is indicated, determine exact
                locations, routing, and lengths required to meet project
                conditions.

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    1.  PREPARATION

        A.  Examine equipment and building finishes that are to receive
            grounding and bonding material for compliance with
            installation tolerances and other conditions. Do not proceed
            with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been
            corrected.

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applicable to Project.

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2.  EXISTING WORK

    A.  Remove exposed abandoned grounding and bonding material,
        including that abandoned above accessible ceiling finishes.
        Patch surfaces where grounding and bonding materials are
        removed.

    B.  Disconnect abandoned grounding and bonding systems and remove.

    C.  Provide access to existing grounding and bonding connections
        remaining active and requiring access. Modify installation or
        install access panel.

    D.  Extend existing grounding and bonding systems using materials
        and methods specified.

3.  GENERAL

    A.  Comply with the requirements of the NEC, this Section and the
        Drawings.

    B.  Install grounding and bonding material according to
        manufacturer\'s instructions. Have the manufacturer's
        installation instructions available at the construction site.

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applicable to Project.

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C.  Do not use the grounding systems specified in this section for
    lightning protection grounding. A separate lightning protection
    grounding system is specified in Section \[13100\] \[13101\]. Bond
    the lightning protection ground to the main electrode system at the
    service entrance ground bar.

D.  Use the following connection methods unless otherwise specified or
    indicated on the Drawings:

    1.  Use exothermic weld grounding connections for underground or
        concealed connections of dissimilar materials.

    2.  Use exothermic weld or compression grounding connections for
        underground or concealed connections of like materials.

    3.  Use exothermic weld, compression, or bolted grounding
        connections for accessible connections.

    4.  Make bolted connections using bolts, nuts, flat washers, and
        toothed lock washers suitable for the connector and the
        installation environment; acceptable materials include high
        strength silicon bronze and 18-8 alloy stainless steel.

    5.  Make irreversible bolted connections using 18-8 alloy stainless
        steel tamper-resistant bolts and tamper-resistant nuts along
        with flat washers, and toothed lock washers. Tamper-resistant
        nuts and bolts must resist loosening with common tools;
        acceptable tamper-resistant fasteners include penta-head,
        break-away, and oval designs.

E.  Tighten grounding and bonding connectors and terminals, including
    screws and bolts, in accordance with manufacturer\'s published
    torque tightening values for connectors and bolts. Where
    manufacturer\'s torquing requirements are not indicated, tighten
    connections to comply with torque tightening values specified in UL
    486A and UL 486B. Use a calibrated torque wrench.

F.  Use hydraulic compression tools to provide the correct
    circumferential pressure for compression connectors. Follow
    connector manufacturer's installation instructions and use tools and
    dies recommended by the manufacturer of the connectors. Provide
    embossing die code or other standard method to make a visible
    indication that a connector has been adequately compressed.

G.  Install exothermic welds in accordance with manufacturer\'s
    instructions and recommendations. Welds that are puffed up or that
    show convex surfaces indicating improper cleaning are not
    acceptable.

H.  Make connections in such a manner as to minimize possibility of
    galvanic action or electrolysis. Select connectors, connection
    hardware, conductors, and connection methods so metals in direct
    contact will be galvanically compatible.

    1.  Use electroplated or hot‑tin‑coated materials to assure high
        conductivity and make contact points closer in order of galvanic
        series.

    2.  Make connections with clean bare metal at points of contact.

    3.  Make aluminum to steel connections with stainless steel
        separators and mechanical clamps.

    4.  Make aluminum to galvanized steel connections with tin-plated
        copper jumpers and mechanical clamps.

    5.  Coat and seal connections involving dissimilar metals with inert
        material to prevent future penetration of moisture to contact
        surfaces.

I.  Comply with requirements in Section 26 0529, Hangers and Supports
    for Electrical Systems.

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applicable to Project.

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4.  MAIN GROUNDING ELECTRODE SYSTEM

    A.  Concrete Encased Electrode: Where available, use the building
        concrete grade beam or strip footing to make a concrete encased
        main grounding electrode; use either copper ground cable or
        reinforcing steel as follows:

        1.  Install a continuous ground cable in the bottom one-third of
            the grade beam around the entire perimeter of the building.
            Use ground cable as indicated on the Drawings, not smaller
            than the grounding electrode cable required by the NEC, and
            not smaller than 4 AWG. Space cable from the bottom and
            sides of the grade beam so it has at least 2 inches of
            concrete coverage.

        2.  Make one or more reinforcing bars located in the bottom
            one-third of the footing, electrically continuous around the
            entire perimeter of the building. Use galvanized or uncoated
            reinforcing bars not smaller than the following sizes based
            on the total length of the interconnected and paralleled
            reinforcing bars:

> Total length of reinforcing bars: Minimum reinforcing bar size:
>
> 112 ft 1-3/8" (#11 bar)
>
> 150 ft 1" (#8 bar)
>
> 192 ft 3/4" (#6 bar)
>
> 223 ft 5/8" (#5 bar)
>
> 268 ft 1/2" (#4 bar)
>
> Bond the reinforcing bars together using bare copper ground cable
> jumpers that are either exothermically welded to the reinforcing bars
> or connected using hydraulically compressed tap connectors. Use
> jumpers compatible with the tap fitting that are not smaller than the
> grounding electrode cable required by the NEC and not smaller than 4
> AWG.

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Use the following Article only it is not possible to install a concrete
encased electrode or if the main grounding electrode must be
supplemented. Delete if not applicable to Project.

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B.  Supplemental Electrodes: Install one or more of the following
    supplemental grounding electrodes to obtain the required ground
    resistance or to establish a main grounding electrode that is
    separate from the lightning protection ground.

    1.  Install one or more chemical ground rods located 5 ft outside
        the building perimeter and at least 6 ft from any lightning
        protection grounding. Install ground rods in 6 inch diameter
        augered holes with at least 10 ft separation between rods.
        Backfill each hole with a slurry of ground electrode backfill
        material in accordance with the chemical ground rod
        manufacturer's instructions. Install protective cover box,
        suitable for the traffic at the location, over each electrode.

    2.  Install a bare copper ground cable not smaller than the
        grounding electrode cable required by the NEC and not smaller
        than 2 AWG, not less than 20 ft long, buried not less than 30
        inches deep adjacent to the building foundation. Encase the
        electrode in a 2 inch envelope of ground electrode backfill
        material slurry.

    3.  Install a bare copper ground cable not smaller than the
        grounding electrode cable required by the NEC and not smaller
        than 4 AWG at least 20 ft long in the concrete envelope for the
        building electrical service conduits. Position ground cable in
        concrete to provide not less than 2 inches cover on all sides.

C.  Main Ground Electrode Ground Bar:

    1.  Install a main electrode ground bar in an accessible location in
        the main electrical room adjacent to the service entrance
        equipment.

    2.  Make an irreversible connection between the main electrode
        ground bar and the main grounding electrode conductor; use
        exothermic weld connection or compression grounding lug with
        tamper-resistant fasteners.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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3.  Main ground electrode ground bar extensions may be established at
    additional locations by installing ground bars or ground plates
    connected to the main electrode ground bar using 4/0 AWG insulated
    ground conductor with an irreversible connection to each ground bar.

4.  Connections to the main ground electrode ground bar \[or
    extensions\] will be considered as connections directly to the main
    ground electrode.

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D.  Bond exterior underground metal fire protection and potable water
    service pipes to the main ground electrode bar; use pipe grounding
    fittings and ground cable as indicated on the Drawings, or not
    smaller than the grounding electrode cable required by the NEC and
    not smaller than 4 AWG. Make bond to each water pipe at an
    accessible location within 5 ft of where it enters the structure.
    Comply with NEC requirements for bonding around water meters and
    insulating joints.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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E.  Bond the nearest building perimeter structural steel column or
    effectively grounded metal structure to the main ground electrode
    ground bar; use ground cable as indicated on the Drawings, or not
    smaller than the grounding electrode cable required by the NEC and
    not smaller than 4 AWG.

F.  Bond each interior metal piping system to the main ground electrode
    bar; use pipe grounding fittings and ground cable as indicated on
    the Drawings, or not smaller than the grounding electrode cable
    required by the NEC and not smaller than 4 AWG. Make bond to each
    pipe at an accessible location.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Use this
paragraph only if there are structural steel columns. Do not use for
structural metal stud or reinforced concrete systems. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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G.  Bond each building perimeter structural steel column to the main
    grounding electrode use ground cable as indicated on the Drawings,
    or not smaller than the grounding electrode cable required by the
    NEC and not smaller than 4 AWG.

H.  Label each conductor connected to the main ground electrode ground
    bar or main ground electrode ground bar extensions. Refer to Section
    26 0553, Electrical Acceptance Testing.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project.

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5.  CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM GROUNDING

    A.  Connect the service entrance equipment ground bus to the main
        electrode ground bar; use ground cable as indicated on the
        Drawings, or not smaller than the grounding electrode conductor
        required by the NEC and not smaller than 4 AWG.

    B.  In the service entrance equipment, connect the neutral bus to
        the ground bus using a bonding jumper not smaller than the
        grounding electrode conductor required by the NEC; do not use a
        bonding screw for this purpose. Make no other neutral-to-ground
        connections on the load side of the service entrance disconnect.

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applicable to Project.

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C.  Separately Derived Systems:

    1.  Connect ground bus of first disconnecting means for separately
        derived systems (e.g. dry type transformers, power distribution
        units, generators, and uninterruptible power supplies) in the
        vicinity of the main electrical equipment room to the main
        electrode ground bar; use grounding conductor sized as shown on
        the Drawings or as required by the NEC.

    2.  Connect ground bus of first disconnecting means for separately
        derived systems that are remote from the main electrical room to
        the nearest effectively grounded building structural steel
        column and the nearest effectively grounded metal water pipe;
        use grounding conductor sized as shown on the Drawings or as
        required by the NEC. Make connections at accessible locations.

    3.  Connect ground bus of first disconnecting means for separately
        derived systems that are remote from the main electrical room to
        an extension of the main electrode ground bar if there is
        neither a nearby effectively grounded building structural steel
        column nor an effectively grounded metal water pipe; use
        grounding conductor sized as shown on the Drawings or as
        required by the NEC.

    4.  At the first system overcurrent device or disconnecting means,
        connect the neutral bus to the ground bus using a bonding jumper
        sized as required by the NEC; do not use a bonding screw for
        this purpose. Make no other neutral-to-ground connections on the
        load side of the separately derived system disconnect.

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6.  ENCLOSURE AND EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

    A.  Provide permanent and effective equipment, enclosure, and
        raceway grounding in accordance with NEC requirements and as
        further specified or shown on the Drawings.

    B.  Provide an equipment ground bar, separate from any neutral bar,
        in all switchgear, switchboards, panelboards, transformers,
        motor control centers, starters, disconnect switches, cabinets,
        etc., for grounding the enclosure and for connecting other
        equipment and raceway ground conductors. Make connections to the
        ground bar using mechanical lugs or compression lugs.

    C.  Make connections and couplings on metallic conduit systems
        wrench tight.

    D.  Bonding Bushings:

        1.  Install bonding bushings on metallic conduit containing
            circuits rated 100 amperes and higher.

        2.  Install bonding bushings on metallic conduits entering
            enclosures through concentric, eccentric or oversize
            knockouts.

        3.  Install bonding bushings on metallic conduits that terminate
            to a metallic enclosure without effective electrical
            connection such as locknuts or threaded bushings.

        4.  Bond conduit bonding bushing lug to the equipment ground bar
            or ground lug in switchgear, panelboards, transformers,
            motor control centers, starters, disconnect switches,
            cabinets, etc. Size bonding jumpers in accordance with the
            NEC.

    E.  Provide an insulated equipment grounding conductor for each
        feeder and branch circuit.

        1.  Install the grounding conductor within the common conduit or
            raceway with the related phase and neutral conductors and
            connect to the grounding terminal or grounding bus in each
            box or cabinet.

        2.  Size equipment ground conductor in accordance with the NEC
            or as shown on the Drawings.

    F.  In each 15 or 20 ampere branch circuit outlet box and junction
        box, install a green colored washer head grounding screw with a
        12 AWG equipment grounding conductor pigtail.

    G.  Connect receptacle grounding terminals to the equipment ground
        system using minimum 12 AWG equipment grounding conductor. Do
        not use a \"self-grounding\" receptacle strap as the only
        equipment grounding path.

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H.  Bond raceways served from cable tray using conduit clamps or
    grounding bushings that are NRTL approved for the purpose. Refer to
    Section 26 0536, Cable Trays for Electrical Systems..

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I.  Install an equipment grounding conductor in each cable tray; size
    conductor per the NEC, but not smaller than 6 AWG. Bond grounding
    conductor to each cable tray section using UL Listed cable tray
    ground clamps. Connect grounding conductor to ground bus of each
    enclosure or equipment item served by the cable tray. Refer to
    Section 26 0536, Cable Trays for Electrical Systems.

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applicable to Project.

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J.  Provide busways with a separate, internal equipment ground bus bar.
    Install separate insulated equipment ground conductor from the
    ground bus in the switchgear, switchboard, or distribution panel to
    the equipment ground bar terminal on busway. Size conductor in
    accordance with the NEC.

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7.  ISOLATED GROUND SYSTEM

    A.  Install an isolated ground system as shown on the Drawings to
        serve computer and laboratory instrument outlets.

    B.  In addition to the equipment ground bar, provide a separate,
        insulated, isolated copper ground bar in panelboards and
        switchboards supplying isolated ground circuits.

    C.  Run the isolated grounding conductor together with the phase,
        neutral, and equipment grounding conductors in isolated ground
        system feeder and branch circuit conduits.

    D.  Make the isolated ground conductor the same size as the
        associated phase conductors.

    E.  At the first isolated ground system phase conductor overcurrent
        device or disconnecting means, bond the isolated ground bus to
        the equipment ground bus. Make no other isolated ground to
        equipment ground connections on the load side of the separately
        derived system disconnect.

    F.  Connect the isolated ground conductors to the isolated ground
        bars in switchboards and panelboards and to the isolated ground
        terminals at receptacles and equipment.

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8.  COMMUNICATION SYSTEM GROUNDING

    A.  Refer to Section 27 1000, Structured Cabling.

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9.  UNDERGROUND Ductbank SYSTEM GROUNDING

    A.  Refer to Section 33 7119, Electrical Underground Ducts and
        Manholes.

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project. Refer to Section D5020 in Chapter 7 of the LANL
Engineering Standards Manual for signal reference grid design
requirements.

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10. SIGNAL REFERENCE GRID

    A.  Install a signal reference grid (SRG) on the concrete subfloor
        under raised computer flooring as indicated on the Drawings.
        Join pre-fabricated grid sections by exothermic welding.
        Position copper strip so sharp burrs on edge of strip face down.

    B.  Bond structure, conduits, water pipes, ducts, etc., entering the
        computer room to the SRG. Bond to the nearest intersecting point
        of SRG using 6 AWG grounding conductor.

    C.  Bond computer equipment to the SRG using low impedance riser
        (LIR).

        1.  Do not connect LIR to the SRG strip closest to the outside
            edges.

        2.  Cut LIR to the shortest possible length.

        3.  If length of LIR exceeds 24 inches, use two parallel LIR\'s.
            Make the second LIR 20% to 40% longer than the first and
            connect to equipment at opposite corners.

    D.  Bond power distribution units and power distribution panelboards
        to the SRG using LIR.

    E.  Bond every sixth raised floor pedestal in each direction to the
        nearest intersecting point of the SRG using 6 AWG grounding
        conductor. Keep conductors as short as possible

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Edit the following Article to match Project requirements. Delete if not
applicable to Project. Refer to Section D5020 in Chapter 7 of the LANL
Engineering Standards Manual for static electricity grounding and
bonding design requirements.

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11. Static Electricity Grounding and Bonding

    A.  Install static electricity grounding and bonding material as
        indicated on the Drawings.

    B.  Comply with the NEC and NFPA 77 Recommended Practices on Static
        Electricity.

    C.  Install ground bus cable from the \[main electrode ground bar or
        extension\] \[effectively grounded building structural steel\]
        to the static electricity grounding and bonding locations
        indicated on the Drawings.

    D.  Support exposed ground bus cable with cable holders installed at
        intervals not exceeding 24 inches.

    E.  Make connections to and between ground bus cable using
        compression connectors, nuts, bolts, flat washers, and lock
        washers. Install compression connectors using tools and
        compression dies recommended by the connector manufacturer.

    F.  Install static grounding cable reels at locations indicated on
        the Drawings; coordinate location with luminaires, equipment,
        piping, and ductwork.

    G.  Install pipe clamps and C-clamps to bond pipes, drums, and tanks
        in the static electricity control areas.

12. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

    A.  General: Perform on-site verification, certification and
        acceptance testing of the grounding installation during
        construction. Verification and testing will be witnessed by
        designated LANL representatives.

    B.  Notify the LANL Subcontract Technical Representative (STR)
        ten (10) working days in advance of the expected completion of a
        grounding system installation. Verification and testing can be
        scheduled in parts or by area depending on the system and
        construction schedule.

    C.  Before work is concealed verify and certify that the following
        grounding installations have been made correctly:

        1.  The building grounding electrode system. This includes the
            bonding of the foundation reinforcing bars, bonding of the
            structural steel columns, and bonding of other metallic
            systems and other grounding electrode systems.

        2.  Ground plates and grounding bars.

        3.  All other underground grounding installations.

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4.  Signal reference grid (SRG) before the raised flooring is installed.

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Edit the following Article and Section 26 0813, Electrical Acceptance
Testing, to match Project requirements. Delete if not applicable to
Project.

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D.  Acceptance Testing: Perform acceptance testing and submit written
    reports to the LANL STR in accordance with the requirements of
    Section 26 0813, Electrical Acceptance Testing. Tests will be
    witnessed by designated LANL representatives.

    1.  Perform ground-impedance measurements using the
        \"fall-of-potential\" method in accordance with IEEE 81 Guide
        for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance and Earth
        Surface Potentials of a Grounding System. Use instrumentation
        specifically designed for ground impedance testing. Provide
        sufficient spacing of test electrodes so that the plotted curves
        flatten in the 62% area of the distance between the item under
        test and the current electrode. When sufficient spacing of
        electrodes is impractical for the \"fall-of-potential\" method,
        perform ground-impedance measurements using either the
        \"intersecting curves method\" or the \"slope method\",
        referenced in IEEE Std. 81. Investigate and correct ground
        resistances that exceed the following values:

        a.  Service rated 50 kVA or less: as required by the NEC

        b.  Service rated more than 50 kVA but less than 2500 kVA: 5
            Ohms

        c.  Service rated 2500 kVA or greater: 1 Ohm

    2.  Test equipment ground resistances for the following items.
        Measure resistance between the equipment item and the Main
        Ground Electrode Ground Bar. Use the \"two-point method\" of
        IEEE Std. 81. Investigate and correct equipment ground
        resistances that exceed 0.5 ohm.

        a.  Transformers

        b.  Switchgear and Switchboards

        c.  Panelboards

        d.  Generators

        e.  Motor Control Centers

        f.  Motors larger than 1 HP

        g.  UPS Systems

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E.  Test static electricity bonding and grounding system resistances.
    Measure resistance between the static protection area ground bus and
    the Main Ground Electrode Ground Bar. Use the \"two-point method\"
    of IEEE Std. 81. Investigate and correct equipment ground
    resistances that exceed 10 ohms.

F.  Prepare test reports, certified by the testing organization, of the
    ground resistance at each test location. Include observations of
    weather and other phenomena that may affect test results. Describe
    any measures taken to improve test results.

END OF SECTION

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Do not delete the following reference information.

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FOR LANL USE ONLY

This project specification is based on LANL Master Specification 26 0526
Rev. 1, dated July 23, 2008.