North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

\<\< http://www.absc.usgs.gov/research/NPPSD/ \>\>

Literature on methods for conducting pelagic seabird surveys. Titles in
**boldface** indicate primary instruction manuals or papers for
conducting surveys. Atlases of seabird distribution data are indicated
with \*, and these usually detail methods of data collection also.
Thanks especially to Jan van Franeker for help in compiling these
references.

\<\< Latest update: Jan. 15, 2004 \>\>

\<\< Contact john_piatt@usgs.gov if you have citations to add to this
database \>\>

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

**Anonymous. 2000. Australasian Seabird Mapping Scheme. Guidelines for
seabird surveys from ships. Australasian Seabird Bulletin 37: 2-12.**

**Anonymous. 2002. Sampling protocols for small boat surveys of seabirds
and marine mammals in inside marine waters of Alaska. Unpubl. Observers
Handbook, Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.,
Anchorage, Alaska. 12 pp.**

Arbib, R. 1972. On the art of estimating numbers. American Birds 26:
706-712.

Bailey, R.S. and W.R.P. Bourne. 1972. Notes on sea-birds, 36: Counting
seabirds at sea. Ardea 60: 124-127.

**Ballance,L.T. 2002. Seabird survey instruction manual. Unpublished
Document available from Lisa T. Ballance, Ecology Program, Southwest
Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA
92037; \[ lisa.ballance@noaa.gov \]; See also Philbrick et al.**

Becker, B. H., S. R. Beissinger, and H. R. Carter. 1997. At-sea density
monitoring of marbled murrelets in central California: methodological
considerations. Condor 99:743-755.

BIOMASS 1982. Recording observations of birds at sea. Biomass Handbook
no. 18 (Biomass working party on bird ecology).

**BIOMASS Working Party on Bird Ecology. 1992. Recording distribution
and abundance of seabirds at sea in the Southern Ocean: methods used in
the BIOMASS Programme. Marine Ornithology 20: 51-59.**

\*Blake, B.F., M.L. Tasker, P. Hope Jones, T.J. Dixon, R. Mitchell, and
D.R. Langslow. 1984. Seabird distribution in the North Sea. Final Rep.
of the Nat. Conserv. Council, Seabirds at Sea Team, Nov. 1979-Nov. 1982.
Nature Conservancy Council, Huntingdon.

Briggs, K.T., Tyler, W.B., Lewis, D.B. 1985. Aerial surveys for
seabirds: methodological experiments. J. Wildl. Manage. 49: 412-417.

Briggs, K.T., Tyler, W.B., Lewis, D.B. 1985. Comparison of ship and
aerial surveys of birds at sea. J. Wildl. Manage. 49: 405-411.

Broni, S.C., Kaicener, M., Duffy, D.C. 1985. The effect of wind
direction on numbers of seabirds seen during shipboard transects.
J.Field Ornithol. 56(4): 411-412.

\*Brown R.G.B. 1977. Atlas of eastern Canadian seabirds Supplement 1
Halifax-Bermuda transects. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa.

\*Brown R.G.B. 1986. Revised Atlas of Eastern Canadian Seabirds. Bedford
Institute of Oceanography: Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa.

\*Brown R.G.B., Nettleship D.N., Germain P, Tull C.E., and Davis T.
1975. Atlas of eastern Canadian seabirds. Canadian Wildlife Service,
Ottawa. 220 pp.

Burnham, K.P., Anderson, D.R., Laake, J.L. 1980. Estimation of density
from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife
Monographs 72: 1-202.

\*Camphuysen, C.J. and M.F. Leopold. 1994. Atlas of seabirds in the
southern North Sea. IBN Res. Rep. 94/6, NIOZ-Report 1994-8, Institute
for Forestry and Nature Res. Dutch Seabird Group and Netherlands Inst.
Sea Res., Texel, 126 pp.

Camphuysen, C.J. and S. Garthe. 2003. Recording foraging seabirds at
sea: Standardised recording and coding of foraging behavior and
multi-species foraging associations. Netherlands Institute for Sea
Research (NIOZ) Internal Report, IMPRESS Rep. 2001-001. Texel, The
Netherlands. 13 pp. \[ camphuys@nioz.nl \]

Clarke, E.D., L.B. Spear, M.L. McCracken, F.F.C. Marques , D.L.
Borchers, S.T. Buckland and D.G. Ainley. 2003. Validating the use of
generalized additive models and at-sea surveys to estimate size and
temporal trends of seabird populations. J. Appl. Ecol. 40: 278-292.

Diamond A.W., Gaston A.J., and Brown R.G.B. 1986. Converting PIROP
counts of seabirds at sea to absolute densities. Can. Wildl. Serv.
Progress Notes No. 164.

Dixon, T.J. 1977. The distance at which sitting birds can be seen at
sea. Ibis 119: 372-375.

Duffy, D.C. 1983. The effect of wave height on bird counts at sea.
Cormorant 11: 21-23.

Duffy, D.C., and Hecht, T. 1984. Ship-followers and seabird counts:
observer\'s distance from stern may affect counts. Cormorant 12: 44-48.

Duffy, D.C., and Schneider, D.C. 1984. A comparison of two transect
methods of counting birds at sea. Cormorant 12: 95-98.

Garthe, S., & Hüppop, O. 1999. Effect of ship speed on seabird counts in
areas supporting commercial fisheries. Journal of Field Ornithology 70:
28-32.

Gaston, A.J., Collins, B.L., Diamond, A.W. 1987. The \'Snapshot\' count
for estimating densities of flying seabirds during boat transects: a
cautionary comment. Auk 104(2): 336-338.

Gaston, A.J., Smith, G.E.J. 1984. The interpretation of aerial surveys
for seabirds: some effects of behaviour. Canadian Wildlife Service Occ.
Paper No 53: 18 pp.

Gaston, A.J., Collins, B.T., Diamond, A.W. 1987. Estimating densities of
birds at sea and the proportion in flight from counts made on transects
of indefinite width. Occasional Paper Nr 59, Canadian Wildlife Service,
Ottawa, Canada. 16 pp.

Gould, P.J. 1974. Pelagic studies of seabirds in the Central and Eastern
Pacific Ocean: Introduction. Pp., 1-5 *in* Pelagic studies of seabirds
in the Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean. (W. King, ed.). Smithsonian
Contrib. Zool. 158: 1-227.

**Gould, P.J., Forsell, D.J. 1989. Techniques for shipboard surveys of
marine birds. Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 25: 20 pp. Washington
D.C.**

\*Gould, P.J., D.J. Forsell, and C.J. Lensink. 1982. Pelagic
distribution and abundance of seabirds in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern
Bering Sea. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Serv.,
Biological Services Program, OBS 82/48. 294 pp.

Griffiths, A.M. 198. Biases in censuses of pelagic seabirds at sea in
the Southern Ocean. In: Cooper, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the Symposium on
birds of the sea and shore. 1979. Cape Town: African Seabird Group. pp
189-196.

Griffiths, A.M. 1982. Reactions of some seabirds to a ship in the
Southern ocean. Ostrich 53: 228-235.

Haldin, M., Ulfrens, J. 1987. On the efficiency of censusing waterbirds
by boat. Orn. Fenn. 64(2): 74-75.

Haney, J.C. 1985. Counting seabirds at sea from ships: comments on
interstudy comparisons and methodological standardization. Auk 102:
897-898.

Heinemann, D. 1981. A Range finder for pelagic bird censusing. J.
Wildlife Manage. 45(2): 489-493.

\*Hunt, G.L., P. Gould, D.J. Forsell, and H. Peterson. 1981. Pelagic
distribution of marine birds in the eastern Bering Sea. Pp. 689-718. In,
D.W. Hood and J.A. Calder, eds. The Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and
Resources. Office of Marine Pollution Assessment, NOAA. (Distributed by
University of Washington Press, Seattle.)

Hyrenbach, K.D. 2001. Albatross response to survey vessels: implications
for studies of seabird distribution, abundance and prey consumption.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 212: 283-295.

Hyrenbach, K.D., Baduini, C.L., & Hunt, G.L., Jr. 2001. Line transect
estimates of Short-tailed Shearwater (*Puffinus tenuirostris*) mortality
in the Southeastern Bering Sea: 1997-99. Marine Ornithology 29: 27-34.

Joyce, G.G., Nakanishi, S., Hata, T., Pastene, L. 1985. Preliminary
evaluation of an apparatus for improved sighting angle evaluation. Rep.
Int. Whal. Commn. 35: 437-440.

\*King, W. (Ed.). 1974. Pelagic studies of seabirds in the Central and
Eastern Pacific Ocean. Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. 158: 1-227.

**Komdeur, J., Bertelsen, J., Cracknell, G. (Eds.). 1992. Manual for
aeroplane and ship surveys of waterfowl and seabirds. Int. Waterfowl and
Wetlands Res. Bureau, Special Publication No. 19, Slimbridge UK. 37
pp.**

Kuletz, K. J., and S. J. Kendall. 1998. A productivity index for Marbled
murrelets in Alaska based on surveys at sea. Journal of Wildlife
Management 62(2):446-460.

La Cock, G. & Schneider, D.C. 1982. Duration of ship following by
wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans. Cormorant 10: 105-108.

Lerczak, J.A., & Hobbs, R.C. 1998. Calculating sighting distances from
angular readings during shipboard, aerial, and shore-based marine mammal
surveys. Marine Mammal Science 14: 590-599.

Mack, D. E., M. G. Raphael, and J. L. Laake. 2002. Probability of
detecting marbled murrelets at sea: effects of single versus paired
observers. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(3): 865-873.

\*Morgan, K.H., K. Vermeer, and R.W. McKelvey. 1991. Atlas of pelagic
birds of western Canada. Can. Wildl. Serv. Occ. Paper No. 72,
Environment Canada, Ottawa.

**Philbrick, V.A., P.C. Fiedler, L.T. Balance, and D.A. Demer. 2003.
Report of ecosystem studies conducted during the 2001 Oregon,
California, and Washington (ORCAWALE) marine mammal survey on the
research vessels David Starr Jordan and McArthur. U.S. Dep. Commerce,
NOAA Tech. Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-349. 50 pp.**

\*Pitman, R.L. 1986. Atlas of seabird distribution and relative
abundance in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Admin. Rept. LJ-86-02C.
National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center,
La Jolla, California.

**Powers, K.D. 1982. A comparison of two methods of counting birds at
sea. J. Field Ornithol. 53(3): 209-222.**

Ryan, P.G., Cooper, J. 1989. Observer precision and bird conspicuousness
during counts of birds at sea. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 8: 271-276.

Skov, H. & Prins, E. 2001. Seabird attraction to fishing vessels is a
local process. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214: 289-298.

**Spear, L., Nur, N., Ainley, D.G. 1992. Estimating absolute densities
of flying seabirds using analysis of relative movement. Auk 109:
385-389.**

Spear, L., Nur, N., Ainley, D.G. 1992. A comment: estimating absolute
densities of flying seabirds using analysis of relative movement. Auk
109(4): 937-938.

Spear, L.B., and Ainley, D.G. 1997. Flight behaviour of seabirds in
relation to wind direction and wing morphology. Ibis 139: 221-233.

Spear, L.B., and Ainley, D.G. 1997. Flight speed of seabirds in relation
to wind speed and direction. Ibis 139: 234-251.

**Spear, L.B., D.G. Ainley, D. Hardesty, S. N.G. Howell, S. Webb.
*Submitted.* Methods for surveying seabirds at sea: comparisons and
recommendations. Unpubl. mss., contact spearlarry@yahoo.com for
information.**

Stahl, J.-C., and Bartle, J.A. 1995. Australasian seabird mapping
scheme. Guidelines for seabird surveys from ships. Unpublished report
presented to SCAR-BBS Workshop on seabird at sea methodology.

**Tasker, M.L., Hope Jones, P., Dixon, T., Blake, B.F. 1984. Counting
seabirds at sea from ships: a review of methods employed and a
suggestion for a standardized approach. Auk 101(3): 567-577.**

Tasker, M.L., Hope Jones, P., Blake, B.F., Dixon, T.J. 1985. Response to
J.C. Haney. Auk 102: 899-900.

Van der Meer J., & Camphuysen, C.J. 1996. Effect of observer differences
on abundance estimates of seabirds from ship-based strip transect
surveys. Ibis 138: 433-437.

Van Franeker, J.A. 1990. Methodes voor het tellen van zeevogels op zee:
een pleidooi voor vergelijkend onderzoek. (Methods for counting seabirds
at sea: a plea for comparative research). SULA 4(3): 85-89.

**Van Franeker, J.A. 1994. A comparison of methods for counting seabirds
at sea in the Southern Ocean. J. Field Ornithol. 65(1): 96-108.**

\*Vermeer, K., I. Robertson, R.W. Campbell, G. Kaiser, and M. Lemon.
1983. Distribution and densities of marine birds on the Canadian West
Coast. Can. Wildl. Serv. Tech. Rep., Vancouver, British Columbia. 73 pp.

Voisin, J.F. 1988. Description et discussion des aspects pratiques
d\'une methode pour observer les oiseaux a partir d\'un navire en
marche. Le Cormoran 31 (1986): 63-66.

Wahl, T.R. & Heinemann D. 1979. Seabirds and fishing vessels:
co-occurrence and attraction. Condor 81: 390-396.

\*Webb, A., N.M. Harrison, G.M. Leaper, R.D. Steele, M.L. Tasker, and
M.W. Pienkowski. 1990. Seabird distribution west of Britain. Final Rep.
of Phase 3 of the Nat. Conser. Coun. Seabirds at Sea Project, Nov.
1986-Mar. 1990. Nature Conservancy Council, Aberdeen, Scotland. 282 pp.

\*Woehler, E.J., C.L. Hodges, and D.J. Watts. 1990. An atlas of the
pelagic distribution and abundance of seabirds in the southern Indian
Ocean, 1981-1990. ANARE Res. Notes. No. 77., Kingston, Tasmania,
Australia. 406 pp.