***ICAC* Proposed Conditional Test Method (CTM-042**)\*

Use of Flame Ionization Detector-Methane Cutter Analysis Systems for VOC
Compliance Testing of Bakeries

1.  **Background**

Performance testing of volatile organic compounds (VOC) destruction
devices such as thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers require
simultaneous measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the gas
streams entering and exiting the destruction device. In the past,
continuous total hydrocarbon measurements employing testing protocol in
accordance with U.S. EPA Test Method 25A (Gaseous Organic
Concentration - Flame Ionization) has been combined with laboratory
analysis of grab samples taken hourly. This approach has been
demonstrated to be labor intensive, costly and does not provide
real-time measurements necessary to evaluate the performance of the
thermal or catalytic oxidizer.

2.  **Purpose**

Use of this method is limited to measuring VOC emissions from bakeries.
The purpose of this Conditional Test Method (CTM) is to provide an
alternate method for making real-time non-methane hydrocarbon
measurements for providing immediate information regarding performance
of the VOC destruction device. This method describes the use of a hot
flame ionization detector (FID) based instrument equipped with a
catalytic methane cutter in conjunction with U.S. EPA Test Method 25A to
provide real-time differential measurement of total hydrocarbons,
methane and by difference non-methane hydrocarbons.

> This CTM is directly applicable to large commercial bakeries. The
> measurement of VOC's in bakeries is required to verify air pollution
> control equipment destruction efficiency as required by various state
> regulations. The large majority of these state regulations are State
> Implementation Plan (SIP) driven. A minority of states have "State
> Only" legislation requiring oxidizes, and testing of them, on
> bakeries.
>
> Extensive commercial data has been gathered from large commercial
> bakeries, where exhaust gases from ovens baking bread, crackers and
> other yeast products are tested. These exhaust streams typically
> contain ethanol in concentrations of 1,000 to 5,000 ppm, methane in
> concentrations of 50 to 1000 ppm and moisture at 2 to 15%. A catalytic
> oxidizer on this application will destroy 95-99% of the non-methane
> hydrocarbons, reducing the ethanol to concentrations of 10 ppm to 250
> ppm in the oxidizer exhaust. The other compounds will virtually
> maintain their concentrations. Due to the large amounts of moisture
> and the water solubility of the non-methane hydrocarbon, condensation
> must be avoided. The relatively large amount of methane to non-methane
> hydrocarbon, especially in the oxidizer exhaust, makes it more
> important to make this measurement by one technique.

3.  **Technical Approach**

A heated flame ionization analyzer (HFIA) when equipped with a catalytic
methane cutter upstream of the detector accepts a continuous flow of
sample delivered by a heat traced sample line maintained above 375°F. A
catalytic methane cutter is a catalytic device consisting of catalyst in
a reactor designed by type of catalyst and operating temperature to
combust all non-methane hydrocarbons and leave only methane. Instrument
suppliers provide different approaches to this technology. There are
"single detector/single amplifier" instruments and "dual detector/dual
amplifier" instruments. Both types of instruments give measurements of
total hydrocarbons and measurements of methane in the stream and by
difference they measure non-methane hydrocarbons.

> With "single detector/single amplifier' instruments, the sample stream
> is alternately either passed through or around a selective catalytic
> combustion reactor (methane cutter) before entering the detector,
> which alternately measures either methane or total hydrocarbons.
> Instrument software controls the switching times (usually 1-minute
> cycles) and continuously displays the THC, CH4 and non-methane
> results.

With "dual detector/dual amplifier" instruments, the sample stream is
continuously split. Part of the sample goes to a direct measuring
detector measuring total hydrocarbons. The other part of the sample goes
to a selective catalytic combustion reactor (methane cutter) followed by
a detector, which continuously measures methane.

From either of these instruments, the measurements of total hydrocarbons
and measurements of methane are subtracted to give the non-methane
hydrocarbon result.

# FID Theory of Operation

> The technique of flame ionization detection (FID) relies on the
> ionization of molecules during high temperature combustion in the
> reaction zone of the FID-flame to determine the total hydrocarbon
> concentration within a gaseous sample. The analyzer has an adjustable
> heated oven (60 to 200°C) which contains a heated sample pump and
> burner in which a small flame is elevated and sustained by regulated
> flows of air and 100% hydrogen or a 40/60% mixture of hydrogen and
> helium. The burner jet is used as an electrode and is connected to the
> negative side of a precision power supply. An additional electrode,
> known as the \"collector\", is connected to a high impedance, low
> noise electronic amplifier. The two electrodes establish an
> electrostatic field. When a gaseous sample is introduced to the
> burner, it is ionized in the flame and the electrostatic field causes
> the charged particles (ions) to migrate to their respective
> electrodes. The migration creates a small current flow between the
> electrodes. This current is measured by the precision electrometer
> amplifier and is directly proportional to the hydrocarbon
> concentration of the sample.

# Methane Cutter Theory of Operation

> Operation of a methane cutter is based upon different combustion
> temperatures of methane compared to other non-methane hydrocarbon
> compounds. The methane cutter uses an oxidizing catalyst that is
> maintained at a temperature specific for the catalyst used, to
> selectively combust 95% of the non-methane hydrocarbons in the sample
> stream, while not reacting the methane content of the sample. As the
> sample stream is passed through the cutter, non-methane hydrocarbons
> oxidize to CO~2~ and H~2~O, which are not detected by the FID. The FID
> only measures the unreacted methane in the sample stream. By taking
> the difference between the methane-only measurement and the total
> hydrocarbon measurement, the non-methane hydrocarbon content is
> determined.

**4.0 Equipment Specifications**

Equipment specifications will vary among manufacturers. The table below
lists the minimum specifications required for equipment to apply this
procedure for continuously measuring methane, non-methane and total
hydrocarbons.

# 

+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| ## **Fla     |                            |   |                        |
| me Ionizatio |                            |   |                        |
| n Detector** |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Method of    | Flame ionization           |   |                        |
| Operation:   |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Ranges:      | Minimum of 2 user          |   |                        |
|              | selectable ranges between  |   |                        |
|              | 0-10 and 50,000 ppm full   |   |                        |
|              | scale                      |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Re           | ±5.0% F.S.                 |   |                        |
| peatability: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Zero Drift:  | ≤ ±3%F.S. per 24 hours     |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Span Drift:  | ≤ ±3%F.S. per 24 hours     |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Linearity:   | ≤ ±3%F.S.                  |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Oven         | Between 165°C and 190°C    |   |                        |
| Temperature: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Response     | ≤10 seconds                |   |                        |
| Time         |                            |   |                        |
| (T~90~),     |                            |   |                        |
|              |                            |   |                        |
| measured at  |                            |   |                        |
| sample       |                            |   |                        |
| inlet:       |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Sample Flow  | 0.5 to 3.0 SLPM            |   |                        |
| Rate:        |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Fuel:        | 100% H~2~ or               |   |                        |
|              |                            |   |                        |
|              | 40% H~2~ / 60% He mixture  |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Ambient      | 0° to 40° C at ≤90% R.H.   |   |                        |
| Operating    |                            |   |                        |
| Temp.:       |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Display:     | Direct digital LED display |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Output       | Current: 4-20 mA linear,   |   |                        |
| Signal:      | isolated resistive load of |   |                        |
|              | 750Ω                       |   |                        |
|              |                            |   |                        |
|              | Voltage: 0 to 100 mV; 0 to |   |                        |
|              | 5 V DC; 0 to 10 VDC        |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Power        | 120 VAC ± 10% at 50/60 Hz  |   |                        |
| R            |                            |   |                        |
| equirements: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Co           | 19-inch rack mountable     |   |                        |
| nfiguration: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| ## **Sele    |                            |   |                        |
| ctive Cataly |                            |   |                        |
| tic Cutter** |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Accuracy:    | ≤3.0%                      |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Re           | ≤3.0%                      |   |                        |
| peatability: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Oxidizing    | ≥95% of Ethanol/Methane in |   |                        |
| Efficiency:  | air to be oxidized in the  |   |                        |
|              | 100ppm range               |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Sample Flow  | 0.50 to 3.0 SLPM           |   |                        |
| Rate:        |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Catalyst     | Based on catalytic         |   |                        |
| Temperature: | material                   |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Catalyst     | 12 months at               |   |                        |
| Life Cycle:  | concentrations of 500 ppm  |   |                        |
|              | carbon                     |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Power        | 115 VAC at 50/60 Hz        |   |                        |
| R            |                            |   |                        |
| equirements: |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
| Ambient      | 0° to 40° C at ≤90% R.H.   |   |                        |
| Operating    |                            |   |                        |
| Temp.:       |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
|              |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+
|              |                            |   |                        |
+--------------+----------------------------+---+------------------------+

**5.0 Test Method**

Calibrate the FID THC analyzer using the manufacturers recommended
procedure.

1.  Zero all three channels, (THC, CH~4~ and NMHC) of the analyzer using
    an inert zero calibration gas such as N~2~ or zero air having a
    hydrocarbon concentration ≤0.10 ppm.

2.  Following the manufacturer\'s procedure, calibrate of all three
    channels, (THC, CH~4~ and NMHC) of the analyzer with a known methane
    span gas and a known non-methane (ethanol) span gas.

> **Note1:** The methane concentration and non-methane (ethanol)
> concentration of the span gases should approximate 80-90% of the
> measurement range at which the FID will be used to make measurements.
> Follow Method 25A for guidance on gas concentrations for calibration.\
> ***Note2*:** Calibration gases should comply with US EPA Protocol 1
> (±1%) or RATA Class gas specifications.

3.  Verify analyzer calibration on the methane channel with a known
    methane in air concentration. The analyzer should give a measurement
    equal to the certified span gas methane concentration of the
    cylinder (±3%).

```{=html}
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```
4.  Verify analyzer calibration on the non-methane channel with a known
    non-methane hydrocarbon (ethanol) in air concentration. The analyzer
    should give a NMHC measurement equal to the certified span gas
    concentration for the cylinder (±3%).

5.  Following system calibration, calculate the efficiency of the
    methane cutter. If the efficiency of the methane cutter is ≤95%,
    replace and re-calibrate the analyzer prior to proceeding. The
    methane cutter efficiency should be periodically tested using a gas
    mixture of methane and non-methane hydrocarbon (ethanol).

6\. Initiate sample flow from the VOC destruction device and begin
making measurements and recording results.

6.  **Calculations**

The methodology, equations and performance specifications follow Method
25A very closely. Calculate the concentrations of methane, non-methane
and total hydrocarbons as follows:

Cc = K C~meas~ / ε

Where:

Cc = NMHC (ethanol) concentration

C~meas~ = THC~meas~ - M~meas~

K = Response Factor for the NMHC (ethanol)

ε = determined efficiency fraction of the methane cutter. This value is
1.0 if no methane is present, as in a calibrated gas cylinder containing
only ethanol in air.

> M~meas~ = methane (CH~4~) concentration as directly measured on the
> methane channel.
>
> THC~meas~= Measurement on the total hydrocarbon channel, calibrated to
> methane.

Methane cutter efficiency can be determined by testing a certified
mixture of methane and the NMHC of interest (ethanol). The equation for
the methane cutter efficiency is as follows:

ε  =  K C~meas\ NMHC~ / C~cert\ NMHC~

Note: the cutter is cutting NMHC, not methane. Therefore the efficiency
is calculated by the non-methane components.

*Where:*

*ε        =efficiency of the methane cutter*

> C~cert\ NMHC~ = certified concentration of NMHC (ethanol) in a mixture
> of methane and NMHC (ethanol)
>
> or
>
> certified concentration of NMHC (ethanol) with a balance of nitrogen
>
> C~meas\ NMHC~ = measured NMHC (ethanol) concentration on the methane
> channel

*Note: The presence of CH4 in certified NMHC can lead to errors in
determining absolute efficiency measurement.*

#### Appendices of Supporting Data

##### 

##### 

##### Appendix A -- Test Data Source

The data supporting this submittal is taken from a stack test report on
a commercial bakery owned and operated by Stroehmann Bakeries L.C. in
West Hazleton, Pennsylvania tested on July 12, 2003. The test was
conducted by AirRECON, an independent testing company and report
submitted to the state for the purpose of verifying air pollution
control compliance of a CSM Worldwide catalytic oxidizer on the bakery.
The test utilized a flame ionization detector (FID) with a methane
cutter as described in the subject submittal. The full report was filed
and accepted by the state after submittal on August 16, 2001. Because of
its size, the full report is not included in this submittal, but can be
supplied upon request or directly from the state.

Subsequently, several other similar tests were conducted at other
commercial bakeries. The results were similar to those reported here.

##### Appendix B -- Certificates of Analysis for Calibration Gases

The gases used in this test have the attached certificates of analysis.
The standard is NIST traceable. The gases were certified according to
the EPA protocol procedures. Calibration and Bias gas samples consisted
of methane in air. Ethane in nitrogen was used for determining response
factor. Mixtures of ethanol and methane in air wee used for measuring
cutter efficiency.

Spectra Gases prepared all samples.

##### 

##### Appendix C -- Pre-Test Calibration of FID Channels to Methane

The FID used in this test was a JUM 109A with two channels, one
measuring Total Hydrocarbons (THC) and one measuring Methane (M). By
difference in measurement signals the Non-Methane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) was
calculated. Because there are two FID's in one instrument, both had to
be calibrated. Method 25A was followed regarding protocol for sampling,
measurements, and calibration and bias checks on the FID. Table 1 shows
a summary of the calibration data taken on the THC and M channels using
the calibration gases. The table refers to the raw data in strip charts
taken continuously during the calibration period.

In reviewing strip chart data please note that the data runs
[up]{.underline} the page from one page to the next. The date and time
print first and the data follow. Also, the printed dates on the charts
are off by one day (i.e. the date printed on the chart of July 13, 2001
is really July 12, 2001).

  ------------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------
  **[TABLE                                                                                                   
  1]{.underline}**                                                                                           

                                                                                                             

  **[Pre-Test Calibration                                                                                    
  Of FID Channels to                                                                                         
  Methane]{.underline}**                                                                                     

                                                                                                             

  **Strip Chart**          **Time/Date**   **Gas Cylinder**    **MEASUREMENTS (ppm)**                        

  **Ref. Page \#**                         **Concentration**   **[THC]{.underline}**   **[M]{.underline}**   **[NMHC]{.underline}**

                                                                                                             

  149                      7:46AM; 7/12/01 260ppm CH~4~        262.9                   255                   6.9

  149                      7:44 AM;        552ppm CH~4~        558.6                   548.7                 7
                           7/12/01                                                                           

  149                      7:39A; 7/12/01  858ppm CH~4~        859.1                   867                   -4.6

  156                      9:22AM; 7/12/01 858ppm CH~4~        859.1                   863.5                 1.6

  156                      9:26AM; 7/12/01 552ppm CH~4~        564.7                   566.6                 -4

  157                      9:29AM; 7/12/01 260ppm CH~4~        268.1                   268                   -0.7

  157                      9:31AM; 7/12/01 Zero CH~4~          1.2                     0.9                   0.1
  ------------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------

##### 

##### 

##### Appendix D -- Ethanol Response Factor and Ethanol/Methane

**Cutter Efficiency**

The response factor for the FID was determined using gas samples of
ethanol in air. Summary data is shown in Table 2. The response factor is
calculated using the formulas in section 6.0 above. Note that since the
sample has no methane in it, the efficiency fraction of the methane
cutter is 1.00. The table refers to the raw data in the strip chart.

  ------------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------
  **[TABLE                                                                                                                            
  2]{.underline}**                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                      

  **[Response Factor for                                                                                                              
  Ethanol]{.underline}**                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                      **Response**

  **Strip Chart**          **Time/Date**   **Gas Cylinder**    **MEASUREMENTS (ppm)**                                                 **Factor**

  **Ref. Page \#**                         **Concentration**   **[THC]{.underline}**   **[M]{.underline}**   **[NMHC]{.underline}**   **[K]{.underline}**

                                                                                                                                      

  152                      8:10AM; 7/12/01 798ppm Ethanol      935.3                   1.7                   932.3                    0.85

  153                      8:18AM; 7/12/01 81.4ppm Ethanol     94.4                    0.4                   93.8                     0.86
  ------------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------

Methane cutter efficiency was determined by analysis of gas mixtures of
ethanol and methane. The data was taken on July 3, 2001, about 10 days
before the bakery performance test in West Hazleton, PA. A summary of
data results is provided in Table 3 and the raw strip chart data is
presented in table format in Table 4. The raw FID Strip Chart Data is
also enclosed. Since the instrument was calibrated at a different time
and location from the data taken above, the response factors for ethanol
have changed slightly. This is not significant, since the response
factors are determined each time the method is run. Cutter efficiency
does not change much once determined, although it should be checked
periodically as explained above.

It is the opinion of the ICAC, based on available data that the best way
to determine instrument precision is to use single component gas
standards. Errors can be introduced in preparing and maintaining
mixtures of gases as chemically different as ethanol (a water-soluble
di-polar molecule) and methane (a saturated non-polar alkane). Also, the
difficulty in assuring that the certified gas mixture composition is
being delivered to the instrument can be avoided by using single gas
components of known composition to calibrate and challenge the
instrument.

  ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------------
  **[TABLE]{.underline}**   **[3]{.underline}**                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                           

  **[Ethanol and Methane                                                                                                                      **[NMHC]{.underline}**       **[Methane]{.underline}**
  Mixed Gas                                                                                                                                                                
  Analysis]{.underline}**                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                              **[Response]{.underline}**   **[Cutter]{.underline}**

  **Strip Chart**           **Time/Date**         **Gas Cylinder**     **MEASUREMENTS (ppm)**                                                 **[Factor]{.underline}**     **[Efficiency]{.underline}**

  **Ref. Page \#**                                **Concentration**    **[THC]{.underline}**   **[M]{.underline}**   **[NMHC]{.underline}**   **K**                        **E**

                                                                                                                                                                           

  460                       12:08 PM; 7/3/01      798ppm Ethanol       912.4                   0.7                   911.7                    0.88                         

  462                       12:20PM; 7/3/01       1010ppm CH~4~/509ppm 1558                    1026                  532                                                   98%
                                                  Ethanol                                                                                                                  

  463                       12:27PM; 7/3/01       97.9ppm CH~4~/       151.4                   97.8                  53.6                                                  99%
                                                  52.1ppm Ethanol                                                                                                          
  ------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------------

  ------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------------
  **[TABLE 4]{.underline}**                                                                   **FID**

  **[Raw Data on Ethanol                                                                      **Analyzer**
  and Ethanol/Methane Gas                                                                     
  Mixtures]{.underline}**                                                                     

  **Date**                  **Time**   **Outlet   **Outlet   **Outlet   **Outlet   **Outlet   **Strip-Chart**
                                       O2**       CO2**      THC**      CH4**      NMHC**     

                                                             **as CH4**                       **Page \#**

  **Challenge With 798ppm              **%**      **%**      **ppm**    **ppm**    **ppm**    **ppm**
  Ethanol in N~2~**                                                                           

  7/3/2001                  12:05:47   0.2        0.0        891.8      2.5        889.3      460

  7/3/2001                  12:06:17   0.1        0.0        899.2      1.9        897.3      460

  7/3/2001                  12:06:47   0.1        0.0        904.1      1.6        902.5      460

  7/3/2001                  12:07:17   0.1        0.0        906.4      1.1        905.3      460

  7/3/2001                  12:07:47   0.1        0.0        907.2      1.0        906.2      460

  7/3/2001                  12:08:17   0.1        0.0        910.4      0.8        909.6      460

  7/3/2001                  12:08:47   0.1        0.0        912.4      0.8        911.6      460

  7/3/2001                  12:09:17   0.1        0.0        905.8      1.5        904.3      461

                                                                                              

  **Challenge With 1010ppm                                                                    
  Methane and 509ppm                                                                          
  Ethanol in Air**                                                                            

  7/3/2001                  12:15:05   20.8       0.0        1405.0     1426.9     -21.9      461

  7/3/2001                  12:15:35   20.8       0.0        1552       1026       526        461

  7/3/2001                  12:16:05   20.8       0.0        1555       1025       530        461

  7/3/2001                  12:16:35   20.8       0.0        1557       1022       535        461

  7/3/2001                  12:17:05   20.8       0.0        1562       1028       534        461

  7/3/2001                  12:17:35   20.8       0.0        1559       1026       533        461

  7/3/2001                  12:18:05   20.8       0.0        1560       1025       535        461

  7/3/2001                  12:18:35   20.8       0.0        1561       1029       532        461

  7/3/2001                  12:19:05   20.8       0.0        1561       1027       534        461

  7/3/2001                  12:19:35   20.8       0.0        1559       1029       530        462

  7/3/2001                  12:20:05   20.8       0.0        1560       1024       536        462

  7/3/2001                  12:20:35   20.8       0.0        1558       1026       532        462

                                                                                              

  **Challenge With 97.9ppm                                                                    
  Methane and 52.1ppm                                                                         
  Ethanol in Air**                                                                            

  7/3/2001                  12:23:34   20.9       0.0        150.5      98.6       51.9       462

  7/3/2001                  12:24:04   20.9       0.0        150.5      98.6       51.9       462

  7/3/2001                  12:24:34   20.9       0.0        150.9      98.9       52.0       462

  7/3/2001                  12:25:04   20.9       0.0        151.0      98.3       52.7       462

  7/3/2001                  12:25:34   20.9       0.0        151.3      98.2       53.1       462

  7/3/2001                  12:26:04   20.9       0.0        150.7      98.1       52.6       462

  7/3/2001                  12:27:04   20.9       0.0        151.4      98.0       53.4       463

  7/3/2001                  12:27:34   20.9       0.0        151.4      97.8       53.6       463
  ------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------------

##### Appendix E -- Test Data and Post Test Bias/Drift Check Data

Three one-hour tests were conducted. After each test a zero and
bias/drift check was made using the mid point gas sample concentration.
Table 5 summarizes data and raw data is provided on Strip Chart Page
Numbers 171, 184, 200-203 and 216. The data shows good repeatability and
accuracy within required constraints. There was a problem with test \# 3
that was detected during the after-test bias check. This lead to the
decision to recalibrate the FID and rerun the last test numbered #4.
This is a good example of the flexibility of this method in that
instrument problems can be detected during the course of the test and
the test can be salvaged, rather than incurring costly and time delayed
retesting.

Test run data is supplied to show the value of real time NMHC data in
conducting these tests. Current test methods 25A and 18 do not provide
real time information of this kind. Figures 1 through 6 are graphs of
test data from each test run and the resulting instantaneous and average
destruction efficiency measurements. Without this method, the best we
can get is real time THC In and Out which dose not provide useful
information on system NMHC destruction performance. The data behind
these figures are contained in Attachments 10 through 18.

ICAC believe this conditional test method provides accurate, timely and
reliable data. It is based on well-established flame ionization
technology. It basically follows established Method 25A protocol. There
is a definite need especially in bakery applications for this method

  --------------------- --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------
  **[TABLE                                                                                                
  5]{.underline}**                                                                                        

                                                                                                          

  **[Post Test Run FID                                                                                    
  Bias/Drift Check                                                                                        
  Data]{.underline}**                                                                                     

                                                                                                          

  **Strip Chart**       **Time/Date**   **Gas Cylinder**    **MEASUREMENTS (ppm)**                        

  **Ref. Page \#**                      **Concentration**   **[THC]{.underline}**   **[M]{.underline}**   **[NMHC]{.underline}**

                                                                                                          

  **AFTER TEST RUN \#                                                                                     
  1**                                                                                                     

  170                   11:25AM;        Zero CH~4~          1.2                     0.6                   0.5
                        7/12/01                                                                           

  171                   11:33AM;        552ppm CH~4~        572.8                   568.1                 2.5
                        7/12/01                                                                           

                                                                                                          

  **AFTER TEST RUN \#                                                                                     
  2**                                                                                                     

  185                   13:18; 7/12/01  Zero CH~4~          0.7                     0.2                   0.4

  185                   13:25 ; 7/12/01 552ppm CH~4~        563.9                   542.3                 19.7

                                                                                                          

  **AFTER TEST RUN \#                                                                                     
  3**                                                                                                     

  200                   14:55 ; 7/12/01 Zero CH~4~          0.5                     -0.1                  0.5

  201                   14:59; 7/12/01  552ppm CH~4~        538.8                   509.4                 26.3

                                                                                    Failed Drift          

  **RECALIBRATE**                                                                                         

  202                   15:13 ; 7/12/01 858ppm CH~4~        857.6                   852.2                 10.4

  202                   15:13 ; 7/12/01 552ppm CH~4~        559.4                   561.2                 -3.5

  202                   15:14 ; 7/12/01 260ppm CH~4~        261.1                   258.3                 1.9

                                                                                                          

  **AFTER TEST RUN \#                                                                                     
  4**                                                                                                     

  216                   16:49; 7/12/01  Zero CH~4~          5                       0.8                   3.8

                                        552ppm CH~4~        575.2                   573.1                 -0.8
  --------------------- --------------- ------------------- ----------------------- --------------------- ------------------------