## Appendix H. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

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  AAMC           Association of American Medical Colleges

  AAP            American Academy of Pediatrics

  AAPCC          American Association of Poison Control Centers

  ABCs           Active Bacterial Core Surveillance

  ABLES          Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance

  ACE            angiotensin-converting enzyme

  ACF            Administration on Children and Families

  ACIP           Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

  ACS            American Cancer Society

  ADA            American Diabetes Association

  ADA            American Dietetic Association

  ADA            Americans with Disabilities Act

  ADE            adverse drug experience

  ADHD           attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

  ADLs           activities of daily living

  ADPKD          autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

  ADR            adverse drug reaction

  AF             atrial fibrillation

  AFDC           Aid to Families with Dependent Children

  AGI            Alan Guttmacher Institute

  AHA            American Heart Association

  AHCPR          (See AHRQ)

  AHEC           Area Health Education Center

  AHRQ           Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, formerly
                 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)

  AHS            American Housing Survey

  AIDS           acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

  AIRS           Aerometric Information Retrieval System

  ALA            American Lung Association

  ALR            administrative license revocation

  AMA            American Medical Association

  AMD            age-related macular degeneration

  AMI            acute myocardial infarction

  AoA            Administration on Aging

  AODM           adult-onset diabetes mellitus

  aP             acellular pertussis

  APEX/PH        Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health

  APHIS          Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

  APNCU          Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index

  ARS            Agricultural Research Service

  ASD            adult spectrum of disease

  ASHP           American Society for Health-Systems Pharmacists

  ASOII          Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

  ASPE           Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation

  ASPH           Association of Schools of Public Health

  ASSIST         American Stop Smoking Intervention Study

  ASTDHPPHE      Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health
                 Promotion and Public Health Education

  ASTHO          Association of State and Territorial Health Officials

  ATPM           Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine

  ATSDR          Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

  AV             arteriovenous

  AWHP           Association for Worksite Health Promotion

  AZT            zidovudine (formerly azidothymidine)

  BAC            blood alcohol concentration

  BEST           Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends

  BHPr           Bureau of Health Professions

  BJS            Bureau of Justice Statistics

  BLL            blood lead level

  BLS            Bureau of Labor Statistics

  BMD            bone mineral density

  BMI            body mass index

  BOC            U.S. Bureau of the Census

  BPHC           Bureau of Primary Health Care

  BRFS           Behavioral Risk Factor Survey

  BRFSS          Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

  BUN            blood urea nitrogen

  CAD            coronary artery disease

  CAHPS          Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey

  CD             conduct disorder

  CDC            Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

  CFOI           Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

  CFR            Child Fatality Review Process

  CFRT           Child Fatality Review Team

  CFSAN          Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

  CHIP           Child Health Insurance Program

  CHD            coronary heart disease

  CMHS           Center for Mental Health Services

  CNS            central nervous system

  COPD           chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  CPR            cardiopulmonary resuscitation

  CPS            clinical preventive services

  CPSC           Consumer Product Safety Commission

  CPT            current procedural terminology

  CRC            colorectal cancer

  CSAP           Center for Substance Abuse Prevention

  CSAT           Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

  CSFII          Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals

  CSREES         Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension
                 Service

  CSTE           Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists

  CVD            cardiovascular disease

  CVM            Center for Veterinary Medicine

  DALYs          disability-adjusted life years

  DANS           Data Analysis System

  DASH           Division of Adolescent and School Health

  DAWN           Drug Abuse Warning Network

  DM             diabetes mellitus

  DNA            data not analyzed

  DNC            data not collected

  DOC            U.S. Department of Commerce

  DoD            U.S. Department of Defense

  DOE            U.S. Department of Energy

  DOJ            U.S. Department of Justice

  DOL            U.S. Department of Labor

  DOQI           dialysis outcomes quality initiative

  DOT            U.S. Department of Transportation

  DQIP           Diabetes Quality Improvement Project

  DRE            digital rectal examination

  DSU            data statistically unreliable

  DTaP           diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine

  DTBE           Division of Tuberculosis Elimination

  DVD            digital video disk

  DWI            driving while intoxicated

  EAP            employee assistance program

  ECA            Environmental Catchment Area

  ECC            early childhood caries

  ECG            electrocardiogram

  ECP            emergency contraceptive pills

  ED             emergency department

  ED             U.S. Department of Education

  EDF            Environmental Defense Fund

  EIA            Energy Information Administration

  EME            established market economies

  EMS            emergency medical services

  EMT            emergency medical technician

  EMTALA         Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

  EPA            Environmental Protection Agency

  EPACT          Energy Policy Act of of 1992

  EPC            Evidence-based Practice Center

  EPCRA          Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act

  EPO            Epidemiology Program Office

  ER             emergency room

  ERS            Economic Research Service

  ESRD           end-stage renal disease

  ETS            environmental tobacco smoke

  FARS           Fatality Analysis Reporting System

  FAS            fetal alcohol syndrome

  FBI            Federal Bureau of Investigation

  FDA            Food and Drug Administration

  FEMA           Federal Emergency Management Agency

  FHA            Federal Highway Administration

  FOBT           fecal occult blood test

  FPL            Federal poverty level

  FSIS           Food Safety and Inspection Service

  FSS            Food Safety Survey

  GAO            General Accounting Office

  GBD            global burden of disease

  GBS            group B streptococcal; group B *Streptococcus*

  GDM            gestational diabetes mellitus

  GED            General Education Development

  GES            General Estimates System

  GFR            glomerular filtration rate

  GHG            greenhouse gas

  GIS            geographic information system

  GISP           Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project

  GMPs           good manufacturing practices

  GPRA           Government Performance and Results Act

  HAART          highly active antiretroviral therapy

  HACCP          Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

  HALYs          health-adjusted life years

  HAV            hepatitis A virus

  HBIG           hepatitis B immune globulin

  HBsAg          hepatitis B surface antigen

  HBV            hepatitis B virus

  HCBS           Home and Community-Based Services

  HCFA           Health Care Financing Administration

  HCUP           Health Care Cost and Utilization Project

  HCV            hepatitis C virus

  HDL            high-density lipoprotein

  HEDIS          Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set

  HEI            Healthy Eating Index

  HepB           hepatitis B

  HERS           Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study

  HHS            U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

  Hib            Hæmophilus influenzæ type B

  Hi-Ethics      Health Internet Ethics

  HIP            health improvement plan

  HIV            human immunodeficiency virus

  HMO            health maintenance organization

  HPSA           health professional shortage area

  HPV            human papillomavirus

  HRQOL          health-related quality of life

  HRSA           Health Resources and Services Administration

  HSV-2          herpes simplex virus type 2

  HUD            U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

  IAQ            indoor air quality

  ICA            International Communication Association

  ICAN           Inter-Agency Council on Child Abuse and Neglect

  ICARIS         Injury Control and Risk Survey

  ICD            International Classification of Diseases

  ICIDH-2        International Classification of Impairments,
                 Disabilities, and Handicaps; International
                 Classification of Functioning and Disability

  ICPD           International Conference on Population and Development

  ICU            intensive care unit

  IDDM           insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

  IDUs           injection drug users

  IgA            immunoglobulin A

  IHS            Indian Health Service

  IM             infant mortality

  IOM            Institute of Medicine

  IPV            inactivated poliovirus vaccine

  IPV            intimate partner violence

  IRIS           Integrated Risk Information System

  IRMO           Information Resources Management Office

  IT             information technology

  IUD            intrauterine device

  IUGR           intrauterine growth retardation

  JCAHO          Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare
                 Organizations

  JODM           juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus

  LBP            low back pain

  LBW            low birth weight

  LDL            low-density lipoprotein

  LPN            licensed practical nurse

  LTC            long-term care

  MAC            *Mycobacterium avium* complex

  MADDSP         Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities
                 Surveillance Program

  MCHB           Maternal and Child Health Bureau

  MCL            maximum contaminant level

  MCO            managed care organization

  MDS            minimum data set

  MEPS           Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

  MMR            measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine

  MMWR           Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

  MSA            metropolitan statistical area

  MSM            men who have sex with men

  MUA/P          Medically Underserved Area/Population

  NA             not applicable

  NAAQS          National Ambient Air Quality Standards

  NACCHO         National Association of County and City Health Officials

  NACO           National Association of Counties

  NAEPP          National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

  NAMCS          National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey

  NaSH           National Surveillance System for Hospital Health Care
                 Workers

  NBDPN          National Birth Defects Prevention Network

  NBS            newborn screening

  NCA            National Communication Association

  NCANDS         National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System

  NCCAN          National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect

  NCCDPHP        National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
                 Health Promotion

  NCC MERP       National Coordinating Council for Medication Error\
                 Reporting and Prevention

  NCEH           National Center for Environmental Health

  NCEP           National Cholesterol Education Program

  NCES           National Center for Educational Statistics

  NCHSR          National Center for Health Services Research

  NCHS           National Center for Health Statistics

  NCHSTP         National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention

  NCI            National Cancer Institute

  NCID           National Center for Infectious Diseases

  NCIPC          National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

  NCPA           National Community Pharmacy Association

  NCPIE          National Council on Patient Information and Education

  NCPS           National Center for Prevention Services

  NCQA           National Committee for Quality Assurance

  NCRSR          National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry

  NCSD           National Coalition of STD Directors

  NCSDR          National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research

  NCUTLO         National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and
                 Ordinances

  NCVHS          National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics

  NCVS           National Crime Victimization Survey

  NEISS          National Electronic Injury Surveillance System

  NETSS          National Electronic Telecommunications System for
                 Surveillance

  NFIRS          National Fire Incidence Reporting System

  NHAMCS         National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey

  NHANES         National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  NHBPEP         National High Blood Pressure Education Program

  NHDS           National Hospital Discharge Survey

  NHII           national health information infrastructure

  NHIS           National Health Interview Survey

  NHLBI          National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

  NHSDA          National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

  NHTSA          National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

  NIAAA          National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

  NICHD          National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  NIDA           National Institute on Drug Abuse

  NIDCR          National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
                 formerly National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR)

  NIDDK          National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
                 Diseases

  NIDDM          non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

  NIDR           (See NIDCR)

  NIDRR          National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation
                 Research

  NIEHS          National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

  NIH            National Institutes of Health

  NIHL           noise-induced hearing loss

  NIJ            National Institute of Justice

  NIMH           National Institute of Mental Health

  NIOSH          National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

  NIP            National Immunization Program

  NIS            National Immunization Survey

  NLM            National Library of Medicine

  NME            new molecular entity

  NNDSS          National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System

  NNHS           National Nursing Home Survey

  NNISS          National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System

  NOES           National Occupational Exposure Survey

  NOPUS          National Occupant Protection Use Survey

  NORA           National Occupational Research Agenda

  NPCR           National Program of Cancer Registries

  NPL            National Priorities List

  NPSF           National Patient Safety Foundation

  NPTS           National Personal Transportation Survey

  NRDC           Natural Resources Defense Council

  NRT            nicotine replacement therapy

  NSAIDs         nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

  NSAM           National Survey of Adolescent Males

  NSBA           National School Boards Association

  NSEPs          needle and syringe exchange programs

  NSFG           National Survey of Family Growth

  NSSPM          National Surveillance System for Pneumoconiosis
                 Mortality

  NTDs           neural tube defects

  NTOF           National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities Surveillance
                 System

  NTOMS          National Treatment Outcomes Monitoring System

  NVAP           National Vaccine Advisory Committee

  NVSS           National Vital Statistics System

  NWHPS          1999 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey

  OAR            Office of Air and Radiation

  OAS            Office of the Assistant Secretary

  OASD           Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense

  OASH           Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health

  OCAN           Office of Child Abuse and Neglect

  OCD            occupational contact dermatitis

  ODH            Office on Disability and Health

  ODPHP          Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

  OMB            Office of Management and Budget

  ONDCP          Office of National Drug Control Policy

  OPA            Office of Population Affairs

  OPEL           Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Legislation

  OPHS           Office of Public Health and Science

  OPPTS          Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxic Substances

  OPV            oral polio vaccine

  ORA            Office of Research and Analysis

  OSA            obstructive sleep apnea

  OSDs           occupational skin diseases or disorders

  OSERS          Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

  OSH            Office of the Secretary of Health

  OSHA           Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  OSWER          Office of Solid Waste Enforcement and Remediation

  OTC            over the counter

  PAHO           Pan American Health Organization

  PATCH          Planned Approach to Community Health

  PATH           Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness

  PCBs           polychlorinated biphenyls

  PCC            Poison Control Center

  PCP            *Pneumocystis carinii* pneumonia

  PCPFS          President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

  PEP            postexposure prophylaxis

  PHF            Public Health Foundation

  PHS            Public Health Service

  PID            pelvic inflammatory disease

  PIR            poverty-income ratio

  PKU            phenylketonuria

  POS            point-of-service

  PPO            preferred provider organization

  P&S            primary and secondary

  PSA            prostate-specific antigen

  PWD            people with disabilities

  PWSS           Potable Water Surveillance System

  QALYs          quality-adjusted life years

  QuIC           Quality Interagency Coordination

  QOL            quality of life

  RBC            red blood cell

  RCRA           Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

  RN             registered nurse

  ROPs           rollover protection systems

  RRT            renal replacement therapy

  RTECS^®^       Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

  SAMHSA         Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
                 Administration

  SAPT           Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment

  SCHIP          State Children's Health Intervention Program

  SDWA           Safe Drinking Water Act

  SDWIS          Safe Drinking Water Information System

  SEDs           serious emotional disturbances

  SEER           Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

  SES            socioeconomic status

  SHPPS          School Health Policies and Programs Study

  SIDS           sudden infant death syndrome

  SIPP           Survey of Income and Program Participation

  SMI            serious mental illness

  SOC            Standard Occupational Classification

  SPF            sun protective factor

  STD            sexually transmitted disease

  SUD            substance use disorder

  TB             tuberculosis

  TESS           Toxic Exposure Surveillance System

  TRI            Toxics Release Inventory

  TRUS           transrectal ultrasonography

  TSDF           treatment, storage, and disposal facilities

  TST            tuberculin skin testing

  UA             urban area

  UMTA           Urban Mass Transit Authority

  USDA           U.S. Department of Agriculture

  USGS           U.S. Geological Survey

  USP            U.S. Pharmacopeia

  USPSTF         U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

  USRDS          U.S. Renal Data System

  UST            underground storage tank

  UV             ultraviolet light

  VA             U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

  VAERS          Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

  VAPP           vaccine-associated paralytic polio

  VLBW           very low birth weight

  VMT            vehicle miles traveled

  VPDs           vaccine-preventable diseases

  VSD            Vaccine Safety Datalink

  WHO            World Health Organization

  WIC            Women, Infants, and Children

  wP             whole cell pertussis

  YHL            years of healthy life

  YPLL           years of potential life lost

  YRBS           Youth Risk Behavior Survey

  YRBSS          Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System

  YSAPI          Youth Substance Abuse Prevention Initiative
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