# Sec. 4.44. Graduates

## A. Application

**A.1.** - This code applies to subdivided glass measures of capacity,
either cylindrical or conical in shape.

**A.2.** - See also Sec. 1.10; General Code requirements.

## S. Specifications

**S.1. Units.** - Nominal capacities, graduation ranges, values of
graduated intervals, and numbered graduations applica­ble to single-s­cale
graduates and to the appro­priate portions of double scale graduates
shall be as shown in Table 1.

+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| **Table 1.** |            |   |           |             |              |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| **Design     |            |   |           |             |              |
| Details for  |            |   |           |             |              |
| Graduates**  |            |   |           |             |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| No­mi­nal      | To be      |   |           | Val­ue of    | Num­ber at    |
|              | grad­uat­ed  |   |           |             | each         |
| ca­paci­ty     | be­t­ween    |   |           | g­rad­uat­ed   | gradua­tion   |
|              |            |   |           | in­ter­vals   | divisible by |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| mil­lili­ters  | m          |   |           | millili­ters | mil­lili­ters  |
|              | il­lili­ters |   |           |             |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| 5            | 1 and      | 5 |           | 1/2         | 1            |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 10           | 2 and      | 1 |           | 1           | 2            |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
| 25           | 5 and      |   |           | 5           | 5            |
|              |            | 2 |           |             |              |
| 50           | 10 and     | 5 |           | 5           | 10           |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 100          | 20 and     | 5 |           | 10          | 20           |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
| 500          | 100 and    |   |           | 25          | 50           |
|              |            | 1 |           |             |              |
| 1 000        | 200 and    | 0 |           | 50          | 100          |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
|              |            | 5 |           |             |              |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
|              |            | 1 |           |             |              |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
|              |            | 0 |           |             |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| minims       | min­ims     |   |           | min­ims      | minims       |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| 60           | 15 and     |   | 60        | 5           | 10^a^        |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 120          | 30 and     |   | 120       | 10          | 20^b^        |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| flu­id drams  | flu­id      |   |           | fluid drams | fluid drams  |
|              | drams      |   |           |             |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| 4            | 1 and      |   | 4         | 1/2         | 1            |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 8            | 2 and      |   | 8         | 1           | 2            |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| fluid ounces | flu­id      |   |           | flu­id       | fluid ou­nces |
|              | ou­nc­es     |   |           | ou­nc­es      |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| 2            | 1/2 and    |   | 2         | 1/4         | 1/2          |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 4            | 1 and      |   | 4         | 1/2         | 1            |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 8            | 2 and      |   | 8         | 1/2         | 1            |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 16           | 4 and      |   | 16        | 1           | 2            |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| 32           | 8 and      |   | 32        | 2           | 4            |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+
| ^a^ And, in  |            |   |           |             |              |
| addition, at |            |   |           |             |              |
| the first    |            |   |           |             |              |
| (15-minim)   |            |   |           |             |              |
| graduation.  |            |   |           |             |              |
|              |            |   |           |             |              |
| ^b^ And, in  |            |   |           |             |              |
| addition, at |            |   |           |             |              |
| the first    |            |   |           |             |              |
| (30-minim)   |            |   |           |             |              |
| graduation.  |            |   |           |             |              |
+--------------+------------+---+-----------+-------------+--------------+

**S.2. Initial Interval.** - A graduate shall have an initial interval
that is not sub­divided, equal to not less than one-fifth and not more
than one-fourth of the capacity of the graduate.

**S.3. Shape.** - A graduate of a capacity of more than 15 mL (4 fluid
drams) may be of either the cylindri­cal or circular conical type. A
graduate of a capacity of 15 mL (4 fluid drams) or less shall be of the
single-scale cylindrical type.

**S.4. Material.** - A graduate shall be made of good-quality,
thorough­ly annealed, clear, transparent glass, free from bubbles and
streaks that might affect the accuracy of measurement. The glass shall
be uniform in thickness and shall not be excessively thick.

**S.5. Dimensional Proportions.**

> **S.5.1. On a Circular Conical Graduate.** - The inside measure­ment
> from the bottom of a circular conical graduate to the capacity
> graduation shall be not less than two times the inside dia­meter at the
> capacity gradua­tion. The inside measurement from the bottom of the
> graduate to the point representing one-fourth of the capacity shall be
> not less than the inside diameter at that point.
>
> **S.5.2. On a Cylindrical Graduate.** - The inside measure­ment from
> the bottom of a cylindrical graduate to the cap­acity graduation shall
> be not less than five times the inside diameter at the capacity
> graduation.

**S.6. Base.** - The base of the graduate shall be perpendicular to the
vertical axis of the graduate. The diameter of the base shall be of such
size that the empty graduate will remain standing on an inclined surface
of 25 percent, or approximately 15 degrees, from the horizon­tal.

**S.7. Design of Graduations.**

> **S.7.1. General.** - Graduations shall be perpendicular to the
> vertical axis of the graduate and parallel to each other. Graduations
> shall be continuous, of uniform thickness not greater than 0.4 mm
> (0.015 in), clearly visible, permanent, and indelible under normal
> conditions of use.
>
> (Amended 1977)
>
> **S.7.2. On a Single-Scale Graduate.** - On a single-scale graduate,
> the main graduations shall completely encircle the graduate and
> subordinate gradua­tions shall extend at least one-half the distance
> around the graduate.

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| **Table 2.**                        |                                |
|                                     |                                |
| **Clear Space Between Ends of       |                                |
| Main**                              |                                |
|                                     |                                |
| **Grad­uations on Double Scale       |                                |
| Graduates**                         |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| In­side di­ame­ter of graduate at the  | Clear space be­tw­een ends of    |
| g­rad­uations                         | main g­rad­ua­tions               |
|                                     |                                |
| (in­ches)                            | (inch)                         |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Less than 1.5                       | 1/8 to 1/4                     |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| 1.5 to 3, in­clu­sive                 | 1/4 to 1/2                     |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Over 3                              | 3/8 to 5/8                     |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

> **S.7.3. On a Double-Scale or a Duplex Graduate.** - On a double-scale
> or duplex graduate, there shall be a clear space bet­ween the ends of
> the main graduations on the two scales, and this space shall be
> approximately 90 degrees from the lip of the graduate and shall
> conform to the re­quire­ments of Table 2.

**S.8. Basis of Graduation.** - A graduate shall be graduated \"to
deliver\" when the temperature of the graduate is 20 C (68 F), and shall
be marked accordingly in a permanent and conspicuous manner.

**S.9. Marking Requirements.** - Each main graduation shall be marked to
show its value. Intermediate graduations shall not be marked. Value
figures shall be uniformly positioned either directly upon or
immediately above the graduations to which they refer. Figures placed
upon graduations shall be set in from the ends of the gradua­tions a
sufficient distance to allow the ends of the gradua­tions to be used in
making a setting.

## N. Notes

**N.1. Test Liquid.** - Water shall be used as the test liquid for
graduates.

**N.2. Temperature Control.** - During the test of a graduate,
appropriate precau­tions shall be exercised to reduce any detrimental
temperature effects to the prac­ticable minimum.

## T. Tolerances

**T.1.** - Maintenance and acceptance tolerances in excess and in
deficien­cy shall be as shown in Table 3 for graduates that are graduated
\"to contain\" or \"to deliver.\" (The tolerance to be applied at any
gra­dua­tion is determined by the inside diameter of the graduate at the
graduation in question.)

+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+
| **Table     |          |           |          |         |          |
| 3.**        |          |           |          |         |          |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| **          |          |           |          |         |          |
| Maintenance |          |           |          |         |          |
| and         |          |           |          |         |          |
| Acceptance  |          |           |          |         |          |
| Tolerances, |          |           |          |         |          |
| in Excess   |          |           |          |         |          |
| and**       |          |           |          |         |          |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| **in        |          |           |          |         |          |
| Deficiency, |          |           |          |         |          |
| for         |          |           |          |         |          |
| Graduates** |          |           |          |         |          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+
| In­side      |          | Tolerance | In­side   |         | T        |
| di­ame­ter of |          |           | di­ame­ter |         | ol­er­ance |
| gradu­ate    |          |           | of       |         |          |
|             |          |           | gradu­ate |         |          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+
| From        | to but   |           | From     | to but  |          |
|             | not      |           |          | not     |          |
|             | i        |           |          | in      |          |
|             | ncl­uding |           |          | ­clud­ing |          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+
| mil­lime­ters |          | mi        | inch­es   |         | min­ims   |
|             |          | lliliters |          |         |          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+
| 0           | 16       | 0.1       | 0        | 9/16    | 2        |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 16          | 21       | 0.2       | 9/16     | 13/16   | 3        |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 21          | 26       | 0.4       | 13/16    | 1 1/16  | 6        |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 26          | 31       | 0.6       | 1 1/16   | 1 5/16  | 10       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 31          | 36       | 0.8       | 1 5/16   | 1 9/16  | 15       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 36          | 41       | 1.1       | 1 9/16   | 1 13/16 | 20       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 41          | 46       | 1.4       | 1 13/16  | 2 1/16  | 30       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 46          | 51       | 1.8       | 2 1/16   | 2 5/16  | 40       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 51          | 56       | 2.2       | 2 5/16   | 2 9/16  | 50       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 56          | 61       | 2.8       | 2 9/16   | 2 13/16 | 65       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 61          | 66       | 3.4       | 2 13/16  | 3 1/16  | 80       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 66          | 71       | 4.1       | 3 1/16   | 3 5/16  | 95       |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 71          | 76       | 4.8       | 3 5/16   | 3 9/16  | 110      |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 76          | 81       | 5.6       | 3 9/16   | 3 13/16 | 130      |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 81          | 86       | 6.4       | 3 3/16   | 4 1/16  | 150      |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 86          | 91       | 7.2       |          |         |          |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 91          | 96       | 8.1       |          |         |          |
|             |          |           |          |         |          |
| 96          | 101      | 9.0       |          |         |          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+

> (Table Amended 1974)