BOREAS TE-06 NPP Estimates for the BOREAS TF, CEV, and AUX Sites

Summary

The BOREAS TE-06 team collected several data sets to examine the
influence of vegetation, climate, and their interactions on the major
carbon fluxes for boreal forest species. This data set contains
estimates of the biomass produced by the plant species at the TF, CEV,
and AUX sites in the SSA and NSA for a given year. Temporally, the data
cover the years of 1985 to 1995. The plant biomass production (i.e.,
aboveground, belowground, understory, litterfall), spatial coverage, and
temporal nature of measurements varied between the TF, CEV, and AUX
sites as deemed necessary by BOREAS principal investigators. The data
are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

\* 1 Data Set Overview

\* 2 Investigator(s)

\* 3 Theory of Measurements

\* 4 Equipment

\* 5 Data Acquisition Methods

\* 6 Observations

\* 7 Data Description

\* 8 Data Organization

\* 9 Data Manipulations

\* 10 Errors

\* 11 Notes

\* 12 Application of the Data Set

\* 13 Future Modifications and Plans

\* 14 Software

\* 15 Data Access

\* 16 Output Products and Availability

\* 17 References

\* 18 Glossary of Terms

\* 19 List of Acronyms

\* 20 Document Information

1\. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TE-06 NPP Estimates for the BOREAS TF, CEV, and AUX Sites

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The data provided are estimates of the accumulation of biomass by the
plant species for a given year, or net primary productivity (NPP), at
the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Northern Study Area (NSA)
and Southern Study Area (SSA) Tower Flux (TF), Carbon Evaluation (CEV),
and Auxiliary (AUX) sites. Estimates for the aboveground and belowground
biomass increment and detritus production and the understory biomass
increment are found to varying degrees within these data sets for all
sites.

These NPP data sets are part of the effort by the Terrestrial Ecology
(TE)-06 team to develop carbon budgets for the various Canadian boreal
forest types. NPP is both the result of, and the precursor to a number
of important dynamics within the boreal forest that determine whether
this forest type is a sink or source of carbon dioxide in climate change
scenarios.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objective of this study was to quantify the NPP for the TF, CEV, and
AUX sites.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Aboveground NPP(ANPP) stem increment, foliage increment, understory
increment, litterfall, root NPP, overstory biomass increment.

1.5 Discussion

NPP is an estimate of the incremental production of biomass by plants in
an ecosystem. Generally, NPP is the sum of overstory biomass increment,
aboveground litterfall, and belowground detritus production. The data
sets collected are part of the TE-06 team\'s effort to quantify the
plant carbon sequestration as expressed by the production of biomass in
a given year.

Diameter measurements were made for variable radius and fixed area plots
at each site. Stem increment data and allometric equations were then
used to quantify biomass for a given year, and the difference between
years was considered ANPP. Litterfall was measured at the TF sites and
the CEV sites with litter screens.

NPP estimates for the TF and CEV sites are of good quality because they
were derived from site-specific allometric equations and direct
measurements of litterfall. Foliage and litterfall estimates derived for
the AUX sites may suffer from not being site specific allometric
equations. From a spatial perspective, the TF site plots were located in
areas that approximated the ANPP of the forest within the Wind-Aligned
Blob (WAB), while the CEV and AUX plots were located to describe the
ANPP within a 30 x 30 m area.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TE-06 Biomass Estimates Data

BOREAS TE-06 Allometry Data

2\. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Tom Gower, Professor

University of Wisconsin-Madison

2.2 Title of Investigation

Measurement and Scaling of Carbon Budgets for Contrasting Boreal Forest
Sites

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

Tom Gower

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Madison WI

\(608\) 262-0532

stgower@facstaff.wisc.edu

Contact 2

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

Jason G Vogel

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Madison WI

\(608\) 262 6369

vogel@calshp.cals.wisc.edu

Contact 3

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

Shelaine Curd

Raytheon STX Corporation

NASA/GSFC

Greenbelt, MD

\(301\) 286-2447

\(301\) 286-2039 (fax)

Shelaine.Curd@gsfc.nasa.gov

3\. Theory of Measurements

The accumulation of biomass, or NPP, is the net result of photosynthesis
by a plant after plant respiration. These measurements were made to best
quantify ANPP for the years 1993 and 1994 for the TF and CEV sites and
1994 and 1995 for the AUX sites. Historical overstory biomass increment
estimates are provided, although accuracy becomes an increasing problem
where historical data are concerned because of plot sampling methodology
and allometric equation limitations.

4\. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

10 Basal Area Factor (BAF) prism, diameter tape, 50-m measuring tape,
increment borer, Dual Axis Optical Micrometer (M-2001-D) Series with a
Spalding B5 Digital Position Display System (7109-C225) that is used to
measure the distance between tree rings, hydropneumatic elutriator
system (separates roots from soil).

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were made under a variety of field conditions that had no
effect on the quality of measurements.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Not applicable.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Not applicable.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Not applicable.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The Dual Axis Optical Micrometer and Spalding B5 Digital Position
Display System are two components of a system that allow an operator to
view a tree\'s rings through a microscope, measure the distance between
two rings, and then download the distance into a spreadsheet. This
increment is then used to estimate overstory increment.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Not applicable.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Dual Axis Optical Micrometer and

Spalding B5 Digital Position Display System:

Gaertner Scientific

1201 Wrightwood Ave.

Chicago, IL 60614

\(312\) 281 5335

Hydropneumatic Elutriator System

Gillison\'s Variety Fabrication, Inc.

Benzonia, MI

Instrument Specifications found in Smucker et al., 1982

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

None given.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The micrometer was periodically checked for precision, but calibration
was never needed.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5\. Data Acquisition Methods

Understory and overstory increment, fine root NPP, and litterfall
estimates were made for the overstory and understory at the mature Picea
mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Populus tremuloides TF sites (Old Black
spruce (OBS), Old Jack Pine (OJP), and Old Aspen (OA) respectively). At
the CEV sites, the understory and overstory increment and litterfall
were measured. Only the overstory increment was measured at the AUX
sites.

In the field, plots were established using either a 10 BAF prism or a
measuring tape. The diameters of trees located within a plot were
measured, and either a disk or a core was removed at the exact place a
diameter measurement was made. In the lab, the distance between the tree
rings was measured to the nearest 0.001 mm. The diameter for successive
years was then calculated, and allometric equations were used to
determine the biomass for that year. The difference in biomass was
considered the overstory ANPP.

The other component of ANPP, litterfall, was measured at the TF and CEV
sites by placing 40 60 x 40 cm or 5 1 x 1 m screens in the plots. The
difference in the number of screens placed at the TF vs CEV sites was a
function of the area that we were attempting to describe the litterfall
amount for; the 500 m WAB at the TF sites and a 30x30 m area at the CEV
sites. For two CEV sites, D9G4A and D9I1M, litterfall was estimated from
the new foliage allometric equation developed for D9I1M, and therefore
there are only estimates for the aspen foliage. The litter screen size
used depended on the tree density; for greater density, smaller screens
were used. The screens were collected in the fall and spring to
determine 1 year of litterfall. The litterfall was separated by species
foliage and the nonfoliage component.

Understory vegetation was sampled from a 2 x 2 or 1 x 1 m subplot that
was randomly located in each of the plots. The subplot size varied
depending on plant density. All vegetation in the plot was clipped and
stored in a cold room ( 3 8C) until it was processed. Samples were
separated into three categories: ephemeral, new foliage and twig from
perennial plants, and old foliage and twig from perennial plants.
Samples were dried and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Understory NPP was
calculated as the sum of the ephemeral, new twig, and new foliage
tissues. Stem increment was measured for the shrub layer at the southern
OA and the northern CEV aspen (in the same manner as above), but was not
measured at other sites because the radial increment was too small.

Fine root NPP was also estimated using ingrowth cores. Cores were
established on 28-30-Apr-1994, at the jack pine and aspen stands at the
SSA and the NSA and on 28-May to 04-Jun-1994 at the Black spruce stands
and all the NSA stands. The difference in sampling dates occurred
because the soil was still frozen at the SSA black spruce and all stands
at the NSA in late April 1994. Ice lenses were encountered in all stands
at the time of sampling, suggesting that root growth had not yet begun
by April in 1994. Ten cores (10 cm diameter \* 30 cm depth) were taken
from each plot, and the soil was separated by horizon and composited by
plot. The composited soil from each horizon was thoroughly mixed on a
tarp and sieved to pass through a 1-cm mesh screen. The sieved soil was
thoroughly mixed by hand, and as many fine roots as possible were
removed. The root-free soil was placed by horizon into each hole, and
forest floor was replaced on top of the hole. It was impossible to sieve
the thick organic layer at the black spruce stands; therefore, only the
mineral soil was sieved, and the organic layer was replaced with
commercially available sphagnum, which had been harvested in
southeastern Manitoba. To mimic the hydrologic and chemical
characteristics of the surrounding peat, water was collected from nearby
free-standing pools and used to saturate each sphagnum core.

In June 1995 and 1996, five ingrowth cores per plot were sampled using a
5 cm diameter x 30 cm deep corer. Samples were stored in plastic bags at
3 8C until processed. Cores were washed with the hydropneumatic
elutriator system (Gillison\'s Variety Fabrication, Inc., Benzonia, MI),
and all live roots were collected. Roots were sorted and classified as
herbaceous or woody. Samples were dried at 70 8C to a constant mass and
weighed. Dried root tissue from each plot was composited, ground in a
Wiley mill to pass through a 1-mm screen, and dry-ashed in a muffle
furnace at 450 8C for 24 hours to determine ash content. Fine root NPP
was calculated for each year by dividing fine root mass by the number of
years the ingrowth cores were in the ground.

Not all measurements were made for all productivity components at all
sites. The following is a description of the NPP what, when, and where
for the TF, CEV, and AUX sites.

TF= 1993 and 1994 overstory increment and litterfall. 1994 understory
increment. 1994 and 1995 root/fine root production.

CEV=1993 and 1994 overstory increment. 1994 litterfall and understory
increment.

AUX=1995 and 1994 overstory increment.

6\. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

7\. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

At the TF sites, four replicate plots were established immediately
outside the footprint of the tower. The plots were located in areas that
reasonably represented the vegetation within the WAB and should provide
accurate stand level descriptions. The plot size varied from 7.5 x 7.5 m
to 30 x 30 m depending upon tree density. The number of trees per plot
ranged from 60 to 120. The CEV and AUX sites were sampled to describe
the biomass within a 30 x 30 m area.

SITE LATITUDE LONGITUDE

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

NSA-9BS-9TETR 55.90802 N 98.51865 W

NSA-9BS-AUX01 55.76824 N 97.84024 W

NSA-9BS-AUX02 55.78239 N 97.80937 W

NSA-9BS-AUX03 55.83083 N 97.98339 W

NSA-9BS-AUX04 55.83455 N 97.98364 W

NSA-9BS-AUX05 55.83913 N 97.99325 W

NSA-9BS-AUX06 55.87968 N 98.18658 W

NSA-9BS-AUX07 55.88351 N 98.80225 W

NSA-9BS-AUX08 55.88371 N 98.82345 W

NSA-9BS-AUX09 55.89358 N 98.22621 W

NSA-9BS-AUX10 55.9061 N 97.70986 W

NSA-9BS-AUX12 55.91021 N 97.70281 W

NSA-9BS-AUX13 55.91506 N 98.44877 W

NSA-9BS-AUX14 55.9161 N 98.64022 W

NSA-9BS-AUX15 55.91689 N 98.37111 W

NSA-9JP-AUX01 55.55712 N 98.02473 W

NSA-9JP-AUX02 55.88173 N 99.03952 W

NSA-9JP-AUX03 55.89486 N 98.30037 W

NSA-9JP-AUX04 55.90456 N 98.28385 W

NSA-9JP-AUX05 55.90539 N 98.26269 W

NSA-9JP-AUX06 55.93219 N 98.6105 W

NSA-9JP-AUX07 55.93737 N 98.59568 W

NSA-9OA-9TETR 55.88691 N 98.67479 W

NSA-ASP-AUX02 55.56227 N 98.02635 W

NSA-ASP-AUX04 55.84757 N 98.04329 W

NSA-ASP-AUX05 55.88576 N 98.87621 W

NSA-ASP-AUX07 55.91856 N 98.37041 W

NSA-ASP-AUX08 55.97396 N 97.48565 W

NSA-ASP-AUX09 56.00339 N 97.3355 W

NSA-MIX-AUX02 55.88911 N 98.85662 W

NSA-OBS-FLXTR 55.88007 N 98.48139 W

NSA-OJP-FLXTR 55.92842 N 98.62396 W

SSA-9BS-AUX01 53.64877 N 105.29534 W

SSA-9BS-AUX02 53.90349 N 104.63785 W

SSA-9BS-AUX03 53.93021 N 105.13964 W

SSA-9BS-AUX04 53.94446 N 104.759 W

SSA-9BS-AUX05 53.99877 N 105.11805 W

SSA-9BS-AUX07 54.06199 N 105.92545 W

SSA-9JP-AUX02 53.86608 N 105.11175 W

SSA-9JP-AUX03 53.88211 N 105.03226 W

SSA-9JP-AUX04 53.88336 N 105.05115 W

SSA-9JP-AUX05 53.9088 N 104.74812 W

SSA-9JP-AUX06 53.91883 N 104.76401 W

SSA-9JP-AUX07 53.95882 N 104.77148 W

SSA-9JP-AUX08 53.96558 N 104.63755 W

SSA-9JP-AUX09 53.97576 N 104.73779 W

SSA-9JP-AUX10 54.11181 N 105.05107 W

SSA-9OA-FLXTR 53.62889 N 106.19779 W

SSA-ASP-AUX03 53.66879 N 104.6388 W

SSA-ASP-AUX05 53.74019 N 105.46929 W

SSA-MIX-9TETR 53.7254 N 105.20643 W

SSA-MIX-AUX01 53.80594 N 104.533 W

SSA-MIX-AUX02 53.9375 N 105.14246 W

SSA-MIX-AUX03 54.06535 N 105.92706 W

SSA-MIX-AUX04 54.066 N 105.92982 W

SSA-OBS-FLXTR 53.98717 N 105.11779 W

SSA-OJP-FLXTR 53.91634 N 104.69203 W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The plot sizes varied from 7.5 x 7.5 m to 30 x 30 m depending upon tree
density.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Tower flux sites:

Overstory increment and litterfall were measured in 1993 and 1994.

Understory increment was measured in 1994.

Root/fine root production were measured in 1994 and 1995

Carbon Evaluation Sites

Overstory increment was measured in 1993 and 1994.

Litterfall and understory increment were measured in 1994.

Auxiliary sites

Overstory increment was measured in 1994 and 1995.

Overstory increment numbers are also provided for 1985-1992 and
1986-1993 at the TF/CEV and AUX sites, respectively; however, the
accuracy of these numbers likely decreases as one projects back in time
(see Section 10.1).

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

All NPP measurements based on plant dry matter accumulation are
expressed on a yearly basis. The number of human hours it takes to make
the measurements listed above for a given site could be estimated at
being greater than 1,000 hours per tower site, per year.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file
(te6npp.def).

7.4 Sample Data Record

Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file
(te6npp.def).

8\. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

All of the NPP Estimates for the BOREAS TF, CEV, and AUX Sites data are
contained in one dataset.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The data files contain a series of numerical and character fields of
varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed in
single apostrophe marks. Sample data records are shown in the companion
data definition file (te6npp.def).

9\. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Tree biomass is calculated from a diameter measurement and an allometric
equation and then scaled to the hectare level using a plot scaling
factor that reflects the tree\'s representative size in relation to the
plot size (Dilworth and Bell, 1979). Allometric equations are generally
developed on a log-log basis to correct for nonhomogeneous variance (see
BOREAS TE-06 Allometry Data documentation).

Biomass by component (Kg/ HA) = (INVLOG(a + b (LOG (diameter)))) \* PLOT
SCALING FACTOR

Tree increment (multiplied by 2 and corrected for a tree bark thickness
of 0.1 cm) is then subtracted from or added to the original diameter
measurement (depending on when the tree diameter was measured and tree
core taken) to develop an estimate of another year\'s diameter.

1993 diameter = 1994 measured diameter - 1993 measured increment

Biomass is then calculated for two consecutive years, and the difference
between the two is considered the overstory increment.

Overstory Increment = 1994 Biomass by component - 1993 Biomass by
component

For determining litterfall mass by component at the tower sites, screens
are averaged by plot and scaled to the hectare level. The stand average
is then determined and added to the overstory biomass increment.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

Not applicable.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

See Section 9.1.1.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

Not applicable.

10\. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The greatest potential source of error other researchers need to be
aware of for the TF sites is not from the data collection or calculation
but from differences in vegetation between where other researchers may
have worked and where the TE-06 team located its plots. Researchers
should contact Tom Gower if they feel plot location may be affecting any
corroboration between their estimates and these. The variability for
fine root production is high for these estimates, as is the case for
most estimates of fine root production. It is likely that this variation
is a reflection of the variability within boreal forests. The estimates
for overstory root increment are based on generalized equations and are
not all species specific, but problems surrounding this usage are likely
minimal (Santantonio, D. et al., 1980)

For the aux sites, difficulty surrounding the efficacy of
non-site-specific allometric equations in estimating biomass and
overstory biomass increment values occurs at a number of sites.
Estimating overstory biomass increment from non-site-specific equations
for wood and branch increment is problematic when the diameters of the
trees measured are smaller or larger than the diameters of the trees
that were harvested to develop the allometric equation. For this reason,
the biomass for trees at the AUX and CEV sites that had a diameter that
was either too large or small for the TF allometric equations was
estimated from the Singh (1982) equations.

10.2 Quality Assessment

The data provided are of generally good quality with the above
considerations taken into account.

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

It is not possible to validate the data without developing new
allometric equations and/or installing new plots. A check was performed
using published allometric equations (Singh, 1982) and there was
generally good agreement for total biomass increment at all sites, but
poor agreement for foliage increment, which is not unexpected.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Confidence level for the TF sites is high for the data submitted and
slightly less so for some aux sites. Researchers should note Section
10.1.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Not applicable.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Not applicable.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11\. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

The CEV and AUX increment estimates are limited to a 30 x 30 m area
surrounding a point located using a global positioning system. The
location of these points can be found in the STAFF directory of BORIS.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

The overstory increment numbers provided for 1985-1992 and 1986-1993 at
the TF/CEV and AUX sites likely decrease in accuracy as one projects
back in time (see Section 10.1).

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12\. Application of the Data Set

NPP is both the result of and the precursor to a number of important
dynamics within the boreal forest that may determine whether this forest
type is a sink or source of carbon dioxide in future climate change
scenarios. The estimates provided by this effort also provide a means of
validation for models that develop carbon budgets for these forests.

13\. Future Modifications and Plans

Estimates for the 1996 overstory increment and litterfall data may be
available please contact Investigator listed in section 2.1.

14\. Software

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

15\. Data Access

15.1 Contact Information

Ms. Beth Nelson

BOREAS Data Manager

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD

\(301\) 286-4005

\(301\) 286-0239 (fax)

Elizabeth.Nelson@gsfc.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

See Section 15.1.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The TE-06 NPP data are available from the Earth Observing System Data
and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

\(865\) 241-3952

ornldaac@ornl.gov

ornl@eos.nasa.gov

16\. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

Tabular American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
files.

17\. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Chen, J.M., P.M. Rich, S.T. Gower, J.M. Norman, and S. Plummer. 1997.
Leaf area index of boreal forests: Theory, techniques and measurements.
J. Geophys. Res. (in press).

Dilworth, J.R. and J.F. Bell. 1979. Variable probability
sampling-variable plot and three-P. O.S.U. Book Stores, Inc. Corvallis,
Oregon.

Gower, S.T., J.G. Vogel, T.K. Stow, J.M. Norman, C.J. Kucharik, and S.J.
Steele. 1997. Carbon distribution and aboveground net-primary production
of BOREAS tower flux forest. J. Geophys. Res. BOREAS Special Issue.

Santantonio, D., R.K. Hermann, and W.S. Overton. 1977. Root biomass
studies in forest ecosystems. Pedobiologia. 17:1-31.

Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study:
Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study:
Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1997. BOREAS Overview Paper. JGR Special Issue.

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC
94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC
96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den
Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D.
Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere
study (BOREAS): an overview and earlyresults from the 1994 field year.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577.

Singh, T. 1982. Biomass equations for Ten Major Tree Species of the
Prairie Provinces. Information Report NOR-X-242, Northern Forest
Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Environment Canada,
Edmonton.

Smucker, A. J., S.L. McBurney, and A.K. Srivastava. 1982. Quantitative
separation of roots from compacted soil profiles by the hydropneumatic
elutriation system. Agron. J. 74:500-503.

Steele, S.J., Gower S.T., Vogel J.G., and Norman J.M. 1997. Root mass,
net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce
forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Tree Physiol. (in press).

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

18\. Glossary of Terms

None given.

19\. List of Acronyms

ANPP - Aboveground NPP

AUX - Auxiliary site

BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

BORIS - BOREAS Information System

CEV - Carbon Evaluation site

DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center

EOS - Earth Observing System

EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System

GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center

NPP - Net Primary Productivity

NSA - Northern Study Area

OA - Old Aspen

OBS - Old Black Spruce

OJP - Old Jack Pine

ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory

PANP - Prince Albert NatioNal Park

SSA - Southern Study Area

TE - Terrestrial Ecology

TF - Tower Flux site

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

WAB - Wind-Aligned Blob

20\. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 14-Apr-1997

Last Updated: 01-Jul-1998

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 12-Jun-1997

Science Review: 26-Jun-1998

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

Researchers using the data from the TF sites should cite Gower et al.,
1997.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Keywords

Net primary production

Respiration

Litter