##### United States Department of Energy {#united-states-department-of-energy .unnumbered}

**Savannah River Site**

**Record of Decision**

**Remedial Alternative Selection for the**

**[Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No.]{.mark}) (U)**

**CERCLIS Number: \##**

**WSRC-RP-[YYYY]{.mark}-[XXXX]{.mark}**

**Revision [X]{.mark}**

**[Month]{.mark} [Year]{.mark}**

**DISCLAIMER**

> **This report was prepared by Westinghouse Savannah River Company LLC
> (WSRC) for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No.
> DE-AC09-96SR18500 and is an account of work performed under that
> contract. Reference herein to any specific commercial product,
> process, or services by trademark, name, manufacturer or otherwise
> does not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation,
> or favoring of same by WSRC or the United States Government or any
> agency thereof.**
>
> **Printed in the United States of America**
>
> **Prepared for**
>
> **U.S. Department of Energy**
>
> **and**
>
> **Westinghouse Savannah River Company LLC**
>
> **Aiken, South Carolina**

**RECORD OF DECISION**

**REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVE SELECTION (U)**

**[Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No.]{.mark}) (U)**

**CERCLIS Number: \##**

**WSRC-RP-[YYYY]{.mark}-[XXX]{.mark}**

**Revision [X]{.mark}**

**[Month]{.mark} [Year]{.mark}**

**Savannah River Site**

**Aiken, South Carolina**

**Prepared by:**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Westinghouse Savannah River Company LLC**

**for the**

**U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC09-96SR18500**

**Savannah River Operations Office**

**Aiken, South Carolina**

**This page was intentionally left blank.**

DECLARATION FOR THE (INTERIM) RECORD OF DECISION

***Unit Name and Location***

[Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No.]{.mark})

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Information System (CERCLIS) Identification Number: OU- [Cerclis
number]{.mark}

Savannah River Site

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) Identification Number: SC1 890 008 989

Aiken, South Carolina

United States Department of Energy

The [Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No]{.mark}.) Operable Unit (OU)
([unit acronym]{.mark}) is listed as a Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) 3004(u) Solid Waste Management Unit/Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) unit in
Appendix C of the Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) for the Savannah
River Site (SRS).

The FFA is a legally binding agreement between regulatory agencies
\[United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and South
Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC)\] and
regulated entities \[United States Department of Energy (USDOE)\] that
establishes the responsibilities and schedules for the comprehensive
remediation of SRS. The media associated with this operable unit are
(insert list of media associated with the unit \[e.g., surface soil and
groundwater\]; also list site-specific factors that required
consideration during remediation, if any.). (If the groundwater is being
addressed in a separate OU, name that OU here.)

If an interim action, include a paragraph that discusses the SRS RCRA
permit modification process applicability to the interim action. For
example, the following paragraph may be used:

An SRS RCRA permit modification is not required at this time since this
is an interim action. However the RCRA permit will be revised to reflect
selection of the final remedy using the procedures under 40 Code of
Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 270, and South Carolina Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations (SCHWMR) R.61-79.264.101; 270.

***Statement of Basis and Purpose***

This section should contain the factual and legal basis for the selected
remedy. Insert the following language:

This decision document presents the selected (insert interim if
appropriate) remedy for the [unit acronym]{.mark}, in [location]{.mark},
which was chosen in accordance with CERCLA, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments Reauthorization Act (SARA), and, to the extent practicable,
the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
(NCP). This decision is based on the Administrative Record File for this
site.

The USEPA, SCDHEC and USDOE concur with the selected remedy.

***Assessment of the Site***

There has been a release of (insert contaminants) at the [unit
acronym]{.mark} into the environment. The response action selected in
this ROD (or IROD) is necessary to protect the public health or welfare
or the environment from actual or threatened releases of hazardous
substances into the environment.

***Description of the Selected Remedy***

The selected remedy for the [unit acronym]{.mark} is [insert title of
the selected remedy]{.mark}.

List the future land use assumed for the OU.

Describe the selected remedy and list the major components of the
selected remedy in a bullet fashion, including land use controls and the
time to complete construction.

Describe how this operable unit addresses principal and low-level
threats at the site (i.e., what is being treated, what is being
contained, and what is the rationale for each).

If land use controls are part of the remedy, specify those activities
the LUC is designed to protect. Example: The LUC component of the remedy
will protect against: 1) disturbance of the soil overlaying the cap, 2)
changes in grade that would interfere with storm water runoff from cap,
3) the use of groundwater for any purpose.

Describe the scope and role of this operable unit within the overall
site management strategy.

The RCRA permit will be revised to reflect selection of the final remedy
using the procedures under 40 CFR Part 270, and SCHWMR R.61-79.264.101;
270.

\[Note: Delete RCRA reference if this is a CERCLA only unit.\]

***Statutory Determinations***

Based on the unit RCRA Facility Investigation/Remedial Investigation
with Baseline Risk Assessment (RFI/RI/BRA) report the [unit
acronym]{.mark} poses a threat to human health and the environment.
Therefore, [alternative number, and title]{.mark}, has been selected as
the remedy for the [unit acronym]{.mark}. The future land use of the
[unit acronym]{.mark} is assumed to be [insert industrial or
unrestricted]{.mark} land use.

If the five-year review is applicable, use the following language:

Because this remedy will result in hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants remaining on-site above levels that allow for unlimited use
and unrestricted exposure, a statutory review will be conducted within
five years after initiation of remedial action to ensure that the remedy
is, or will be, protective of human health and the environment.

If the five-year review is not applicable, use the following language:

Because this remedy will not result in hazardous substances, pollutants,
or contaminants remaining on-site above levels that allow for unlimited
use and unrestricted exposure, a five-year review will not be required
for this remedial action.

If the selected remedy satisfies the CERCLA 121 preference for treatment
as a principal element, use the following language:

The selected remedy is protective of human health and the environment,
complies with Federal and State requirements that are legally applicable
or relevant and appropriate to the remedial action (unless justified by
a waiver), is cost-effective, and utilizes permanent solutions and
alternative treatment (or resource recovery) technologies to the maximum
extent practicable. This remedy also satisfies the statutory preference
for treatment as a principal element of the remedy (i.e., reduce the
toxicity, mobility, or volume of materials comprising principal threats
through treatment).

If the selected remedy does not satisfy the preference for treatment as
a principal element, use the following language:

The selected remedy is protective of human health and the environment,
complies with Federal and State requirements that are legally applicable
or relevant and appropriate to the remedial action (unless justified by
a waiver), and is cost-effective. The remedy in this OU does not satisfy
the statutory preference for treatment as a principal element of the
remedy for the following reasons (give reasons).

For an interim action, use the following language:

This interim action is protective of human health and the environment,
complies with Federal and State requirements that are legally applicable
or relevant and appropriate to the limited-scope remedial action (unless
justified by a waiver), and is cost-effective. This action is interim
and is not intended to utilize permanent solutions and alternative
treatment (or resource recovery) technologies to the maximum extent
practicable for this OU. \[Note: where treatment is utilized, replace
the prior sentence with the following sentence: Although this interim
action is not intended to fully address the statutory mandate for
permanence and treatment to the maximum extent practicable, this interim
action utilizes treatment and thus is in furtherance of that statutory
mandate.\] Because this action does not constitute the final remedy for
the [unit acronym]{.mark}, the statutory preference for remedies that
employ treatment that reduces toxicity, mobility, or volume as a
principal element \[Note: Include if treatment is being used: *although
partially* *addressed in this remedy*\] will be addressed by the final
response action. Subsequent actions are planned to fully address the
threats posed by the conditions at this OU.

Because this remedy will result in hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants remaining on-site above levels that allow for unlimited use
and unrestricted exposure, a statutory review will be conducted to
ensure that the remedy continues to provide adequate protection of human
health and the environment within five years after commencement of the
remedial action. Because this is an IROD, review of this OU and of this
remedy will be continuing as USDOE continues to develop remedial
alternatives for the [unit acronym]{.mark}.

For remedies that invoke an applicable or relevant and appropriate
requirement (ARAR) waiver, please be sure to include a statement to that
effect. For example, in the case of an action that invokes an MCL
waiver, the following statement can be used:

An applicable or relevant and appropriate requirement (ARAR) waiver
under §300.430(f)(1)(ii)(C) of the NCP for all groundwater constituents
of concern (COCs) has been invoked because the selected remedy is an
interim action measure that will become part of a total remedial action
that will ultimately attain ARARs (MCLs).

For remedies that include institutional controls, use the following
language:

In the long term, if the property is ever transferred to nonfederal
ownership, the US Government will take those actions necessary pursuant
to Section 120(h) of CERCLA. Those actions will include a deed
notification disclosing former waste management and disposal activities
as well as remedial actions taken on the site. The contract for sale and
the deed will contain the notification required by CERCLA Section
120(h). The deed notification shall, in perpetuity, notify any potential
purchaser that the property has been used for the management and
disposal of waste. These requirements are also consistent with the
intent of the RCRA deed notification requirements at final closure of a
RCRA facility if contamination will remain at the unit.

The deed shall also include deed restrictions precluding residential use
of the property. However, the need for these deed restrictions may be
reevaluated at the time of transfer in the event that exposure
assumptions differ and/or the residual contamination no longer poses an
unacceptable risk under residential use. Any reevaluation of the need
for the deed restrictions will be done through an amended ROD with USEPA
and SCDHEC review and approval.

In addition, if the site is ever transferred to nonfederal ownership, a
survey plat of the OU will be prepared, certified by a professional land
surveyor, and recorded with the appropriate county recording agency.

The selected remedy for the [unit acronym or OU subunit name]{.mark}
leaves hazardous substances in place that pose a potential future risk
and will require land use restrictions for an indefinite period of time.
As agreed on March 30, 2000, among the USDOE, USEPA, and SCDHEC, SRS is
implementing a Land Use Control and Assurance Plan (LUCAP) to ensure
that the Land Use Controls (LUCs) required by numerous remedial
decisions at SRS are properly maintained and periodically verified. The
unit-specific Land Use Control Implementation Plan (LUCIP) incorporated
by reference into this ROD will provide details and specific measures
required to implement and maintain the LUCs selected as part of this
remedy. The USDOE is responsible for implementing, maintaining,
monitoring, reporting upon, and enforcing the LUCs selected under this
ROD. The LUCIP, developed as part of this action, will be submitted
concurrently with the Corrective Measures Implementation (CMI)/Remedial
Action Implementation Plan (RAIP), as required in the FFA for review and
approval by USEPA and SCDHEC. Upon final approval, the LUCIP will be
appended to the LUCAP and is considered incorporated by reference into
the ROD, establishing LUC implementation and maintenance requirements
enforceable under CERCLA. The approved LUCIP will establish
implementation, monitoring, maintenance, reporting, and enforcement
requirements for the unit. The LUCIP will remain in effect unless and
until modifications are approved as needed to be protective of human
health and the environment. LUCIP modification will only occur through
another CERCLA document.

***Data Certification Checklist***

The Declaration should certify that the following information is
included in the ROD (or provide a brief explanation for why this
information is not included).

This ROD (or IROD) provides the following information: \[include section
numbers\]

-   COCs and their respective concentrations

-   Baseline risk represented by the COCs

-   Cleanup levels established for the COCs and the basis for the levels

-   Current and reasonably anticipated future land and groundwater use
    assumptions used in the Baseline Risk Assessment (BRA) and ROD

-   Potential land and groundwater use that will be available at the
    site as a result of the selected remedy

-   Estimated capital, operation and maintenance, and total present
    worth cost; discount rate; and the number of years over which the
    remedy cost estimates are projected

-   Key decision factor(s) that led to selecting the remedy (i.e.,
    describe how the selected remedy provides the best balance of
    tradeoffs with respect to the balancing and modifying criteria)

-   How source materials constituting principal threats are addressed

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Date         | Jeffrey M. Allison                                    |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Manager                                               |
|              |                                                       |
|              | U. S. Department of Energy                            |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Savannah River Operations Office                      |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Date         | Winston A. Smith                                      |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Director                                              |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Waste Management Division                             |
|              |                                                       |
|              | U. S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 4      |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Date         | Robert W. King, Jr.                                   |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Deputy Commissioner                                   |
|              |                                                       |
|              | Environmental Quality Control                         |
|              |                                                       |
|              | South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental |
|              | Control                                               |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

**DECISION SUMMARY**

**[REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVE SELECTION (U)]{.smallcaps}**

**[Operable Unit Name]{.mark}**

**CERCLIS Number: \##**

**WSRC-RP-[YYYY]{.mark}-[XXXX]{.mark}**

**Rev. [X]{.mark}**

**[Month]{.mark} [Year]{.mark}**

**Savannah River Site**

**Aiken, South Carolina**

**Prepared By:**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Westinghouse Savannah River Company LLC**

**for the**

**U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC09-96SR18500**

**Savannah River Operations Office**

**Aiken, South Carolina**

**This page was intentionally left blank**

**[TABLE OF CONTENTS]{.smallcaps}**

**[[SECTION]{.underline}]{.smallcaps}** PAGE

**LIST OF FIGURES [iv](#__RefHeading___Toc46133391)**

LIST OF TABLES [iv](#__RefHeading___Toc46133392)

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS [v](#__RefHeading___Toc46133393)

I. SAVANNAH RIVER SITE AND OPERABLE UNIT NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION
[1](#savannah-river-site-and-operable-unit-name-location-and-description)

II\. SITE AND OPERABLE UNIT COMPLIANCE HISTORY
[3](#site-and-operable-unit-compliance-history)

III\. HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
[6](#highlights-of-community-participation)

IV\. SCOPE AND ROLE OF THE OPERABLE UNIT WITHIN THE SITE STRATEGY
[8](#scope-and-role-of-the-operable-unit)

V. OPERABLE UNIT CHARACTERISTICS [10](#operable-unit-characteristics)

VI\. CURRENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE SITE AND RESOURCE USES
[16](#current-and-potential-future-site-and-resource-uses)

VII\. SUMMARY OF OPERABLE UNIT RISKS
[17](#summary-of-operable-unit-risks)

VIII\. REMEDIAL ACTION OBJECTIVES AND REMEDIAL GOALS
[29](#remedial-action-objectives-and-remedial-goals)

IX\. DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES [30](#description-of-alternatives)

X. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
[32](#comparative-analysis-of-alternatives)

XI\. THE SELECTED REMEDY [33](#the-selected-remedy)

XII\. STATUTORY DETERMINATIONS [41](#statutory-determinations)

XIII\. EXPLANATION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
[42](#explanation-of-significant-changes)

XIV\. RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY [43](#responsiveness-summary)

XV\. POST-ROD DOCUMENT SCHEDULE AND DESCRIPTION
[43](#post-rod-document-schedule-and-description)

XVI\. REFERENCES [44](#references)

APPENDIX A - RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY A-[1](#__RefHeading___Toc46133410)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133391 .anchor}LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the [Unit Acronym]{.mark} within the Savannah
River Site [2](#__RefHeading___Toc55984695)

Figure 2. Layout of the [Unit Acronym]{.mark}
[5](#__RefHeading___Toc55984696)

Figure 3. Conceptual Site Model for the [Unit Acronym]{.mark}
[12](#__RefHeading___Toc55984697)

Figure 4. Schematic Cross Section of the [Unit Acronym]{.mark}
[14](#__RefHeading___Toc55984698)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133392 .anchor}LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary of Constituents of Concern and Medium-Specific Exposure
Point Concentrations [19](#__RefHeading___Toc46133416)

Table 2. Cancer Toxicity Data Summary [20](#__RefHeading___Toc46133417)

Table 3. Non-Cancer Toxicity Data Summary
[21](#__RefHeading___Toc46133418)

Table 4. Risk Characterization Summary - Carcinogens
[23](#__RefHeading___Toc46133419)

Table 5. Risk Characterization Summary -- Non-Carcinogens
[24](#__RefHeading___Toc46133420)

Table 6. Ecological Exposure Pathways of Concern
[27](#__RefHeading___Toc46133421)

Table 7. COC Concentrations Expected to Provide Adequate Protection of
Ecological Receptors [28](#__RefHeading___Toc46133422)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133393 .anchor}LIST OF ACRONYMS AND
ABBREVIATIONS

  ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  ACRONYM           Meaning

                    See ER Style Guide for general guidelines on using
                    acronyms in documents.

  [Unit             [Operable Unit Name]{.mark}
  acronym]{.mark}   

  ARAR              applicable or relevant and appropriate requirement

  BAF               bioaccumulation factor

  BRA               Baseline Risk Assessment

  CERCLA            Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
                    Liability Act

  CERCLIS           Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
                    Liability Information System

  CMI               Corrective Measures Implementation

  CFR               Code of Federal Regulation

  COC               constituent of concern

  CSM               conceptual site model

  ESD               explanation of significant difference

  EPC               exposure point concentration

  FFA               Federal Facility Agreement

  HBL               health-based limit

  HI                hazard index

  HSWA              Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments

  IRIS              Integrated Risk Information System, USEPA

  LLC               Limited Liability Company

  LUC               Land Use Controls

  LUCAP             Land Use Controls Assurance Plan

  LUCIP             Land Use Controls Implementation Plan

  NCP               National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
                    Contingency Plan

  NEPA              National Environmental Protection Act

  NPL               National Priorities List

  OU                operable unit

  PRG               preliminary remedial goals

  PTSM              principal threat source material

  PW                present worth

  RAIP              Remedial Action Implementation Plan

  RAO               remedial action objective

  RBC               risk-based criteria

  RCRA              Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

  RfC               reference concentration

  RfD               reference dose

  RFI               RCRA Facility Investigation

  RFI/RI            RCRA Facility Investigation/Remedial Investigation

  RG                remedial goal

  RI                Remedial Investigation

  ROD               Record of Decision

  SARA              Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act

  SB/PP             Statement of Basis/Proposed Plan

  SCDHEC            South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
                    Control

  SCHWMR            South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulations

  SRS               Savannah River Site

  TRV               toxicity reference value

  UCL               upper confidence limit

  USDOE             United States Department of Energy

  USEPA             United States Environmental Protection Agency

  WSRC              Westinghouse Savannah River Company, LLC

                    

                    

                    

                    

                    

                    

                    
  ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------

# SAVANNAH RIVER SITE AND OPERABLE UNIT NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION

## Unit Name, Location, and Brief Description {#unit-name-location-and-brief-description .unnumbered}

[Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No.]{.mark})

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Information System (CERCLIS) Identification Number: OU- [Cerclis
number]{.mark}

Savannah River Site

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) Identification Number: SC1 890 008 989

Aiken, South Carolina

United States Department of Energy (USDOE)

Savannah River Site (SRS) occupies approximately 310 square miles of
land adjacent to the Savannah River, principally in Aiken and Barnwell
counties of South Carolina (Figure 1). SRS is located approximately 25
miles southeast of Augusta, Georgia, and 20 miles south of Aiken, South
Carolina.

The USDOE owns SRS, which historically produced tritium, plutonium, and
other special nuclear materials for national defense and the space
program. Chemical and radioactive wastes are by-products of nuclear
material production processes. Hazardous substances, as defined by the
CERCLA, are currently present in the environment at SRS.

The Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) (FFA 1993) for SRS lists the
[Operable Unit Name]{.mark} ([Bldg. No.]{.mark}) Operable Unit (OU)
([unit acronym]{.mark}) as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Solid Waste Management Unit/Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (RCRA/CERCLA) unit requiring further
evaluation.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc55984695 .anchor}Figure 1 Location of the [Unit
Acronym]{.mark} within the Savannah River Site

The [unit acronym]{.mark} was evaluated through an investigation process
that integrates and combines the RCRA corrective action process with the
CERCLA remedial process to determine the actual or potential impact to
human health and the environment of releases of hazardous substances to
the environment.

# SITE AND OPERABLE UNIT COMPLIANCE HISTORY

## SRS Operational and Compliance History {#srs-operational-and-compliance-history .unnumbered}

The primary mission of SRS has been to produce tritium, plutonium, and
other special nuclear materials for our nation's defense programs.
Production of nuclear materials for the defense program was discontinued
in 1988. SRS has provided nuclear materials for the space program, as
well as for medical, industrial, and research efforts up to the present.
Chemical and radioactive wastes are byproducts of nuclear material
production processes. These wastes have been treated, stored, and in
some cases, disposed at SRS. Past disposal practices have resulted in
soil and groundwater contamination.

Hazardous waste materials handled at SRS are managed under RCRA, a
comprehensive law requiring responsible management of hazardous waste.
Certain SRS activities require South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control (SCDHEC) operating or post-closure permits under
RCRA. SRS received a RCRA hazardous waste permit from the SCDHEC, which
was most recently renewed on September 30, 2003. Module VIII of the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) portion of the RCRA permit
mandates corrective action requirements for non-regulated solid waste
management units subject to RCRA 3004(u).

On December 21, 1989, SRS was included on the National Priorities List
(NPL). The inclusion created a need to integrate the established RCRA
facility investigation (RFI) program with CERCLA requirements to provide
for a focused environmental program. In accordance with Section 120 of
CERCLA 42 United States Code Section 9620, USDOE has negotiated a FFA
(FFA 1993) with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
and SCDHEC to coordinate remedial activities at SRS into one
comprehensive strategy which fulfills these dual regulatory
requirements. USDOE functions as the lead agency for remedial activities
at SRS, with concurrence by the USEPA - Region 4 and the SCDHEC.

## Operable Unit Operational and Compliance History {#operable-unit-operational-and-compliance-history .unnumbered}

Provide a brief description of operating history, how the unit received
waste that led to the current problems.

Provide an overview of the OU, including the size of the site (e.g.,
acres).

Provide a description of surface and subsurface features (e.g., number
and volume of tanks, lagoons, structures, and drums at the site).

> Provide geographical and topographical information (e.g., surface
> waters, flood plains, wetlands). If groundwater is in the OU, state
> where drinking water source wells are located.

Include the document submittal and history information. Provide
information on any removal and remedial actions conducted under CERCLA
or other authorities.

Include maps, (Figure 2) a site plan, or other graphical presentations,
as appropriate.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc55984696 .anchor}Figure 2 Layout of the [Unit
Acronym]{.mark}

# HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Both RCRA and CERCLA require the public to be given an opportunity to
review and comment on the draft permit modification and proposed
remedial alternative. Public participation requirements are listed in
South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation (SCHWMR)
R.61-79.124 and Sections 113 and 117 of CERCLA (42 United States Code
Sections 9613 and 9617). These requirements include establishment of an
Administrative Record File that documents the investigation and
selection of the remedial alternative for addressing the [unit
acronym]{.mark} soils and groundwater. The Administrative Record File
must be established at or near the facility at issue.

The SRS Public Involvement Plan (USDOE 1994) is designed to facilitate
public involvement in the decision-making process for permitting,
closure, and the selection of remedial alternatives. The SRS Public
Involvement Plan addresses the requirements of RCRA, CERCLA, and the
National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 (NEPA). SCHWMR R.61-79.124 and
Section 117(a) of CERCLA, as amended, require the advertisement of the
draft permit modification and notice of any proposed remedial action and
provide the public an opportunity to participate in the selection of the
remedial action. The [proposed plan document name]{.mark}, a part of the
Administrative Record File, highlights key aspects of the investigation
and identifies the preferred action for addressing the [unit
acronym]{.mark}.

The FFA Administrative Record File, which contains the information
pertaining to the selection of the response action, is available at the
following locations:

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > US Department of Energy        | > Thomas Cooper Library           |
| >                                | >                                 |
| > Public Reading Room            | > Government Documents Department |
| >                                | >                                 |
| > Gregg-Graniteville Library     | > University of South Carolina    |
| >                                | >                                 |
| > University of South Carolina   | > Columbia, South Carolina 29208  |
| > -- Aiken                       | >                                 |
| >                                | > \(803\) 777-4866                |
| > 171 University Parkway         |                                   |
| >                                |                                   |
| > Aiken, South Carolina 29801    |                                   |
| >                                |                                   |
| > \(803\) 641-3465               |                                   |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

The RCRA Administrative Record File for SCDHEC is available for review
by the public at the following locations:

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > The South Carolina Department  | > Edisto Savannah District        |
| > of Health and Environmental    | > Environmental Quality Control   |
| > Control                        | > Office                          |
| >                                | >                                 |
| > Bureau of Land and Waste       | > 206 Beaufort Street, Northeast  |
| > Management                     | >                                 |
| >                                | > Aiken, South Carolina 29801     |
| > 8911 Farrow Road               | >                                 |
| >                                | > \(803\) 641-7670                |
| > Columbia, South Carolina 29203 |                                   |
| >                                |                                   |
| > \(803\) 896-4000               |                                   |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

\[Note: Insert this paragraph for interim actions: An SRS RCRA permit
modification is not required at this time since this is an interim
action. However, the RCRA permit will be revised to reflect selection of
the final selected remedy using the procedures under 40 CFR Part 270,
and SCHWMR R.61-79.264.101; 270.\]

The public was notified of the public comment period through mailings of
the *SRS Environmental Bulletin*, a newsletter sent to citizens in South
Carolina and Georgia, and through notices in the *Aiken Standard*, the
*Allendale Citizen Leader*, the *Augusta Chronicle*, the *Barnwell
People-Sentinel*, and *The State* newspaper. The public comment period
was also announced on local radio stations.

The SB/PP 45-day (or IAPP 30-day) public comment period began on [start
date]{.mark} and ended on [end date]{.mark}. A Responsiveness Summary,
prepared to address any comments received during the public comment
period, is provided in Appendix A of the ROD. A Responsiveness Summary
will also be available in the final RCRA permit.

If there were any SRS CAB activities or recommendations regarding the
operable unit, include a summary in this section.

\[Note: Delete RCRA time period and references to RCRA if a CERCLA only
unit.\]

# SCOPE AND ROLE OF THE OPERABLE UNIT

Due to the complexity of multiple contaminant areas, the SRS is divided
into integrated operable units (IOUs) for the purpose of managing a
comprehensive cleanup strategy. Waste units within an IOU are evaluated
and remediated individually.

The \[OU name\] is located within the \[IOU name\]. Upon disposition of
all operable units within the \[IOU name\], a final comprehensive ROD
for the IOU will be pursued with additional public involvement.

Describe the scope of the problem(s) that will be addressed by the
remedial action(s) for this OU.

The following activities have been or will be performed to support the
overall cleanup strategy for the \[OU name\].

-   List past response actions at the OU and authority (e.g., removal,
    remedial) under which each action has been implemented. If none, so
    state.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   List response actions proposed in this ROD and authority under which
    each action will be implemented.

-   List future response plans and authority under which each action
    will be implemented at the OU. (e.g., "If the residual contamination
    following the soil excavation poses a risk less than 1 x 10^-6^ to
    the future resident, an Explanation of Significant Difference will
    be submitted to eliminate the need for institutional controls.")

-   List other remediation activities at the OU that should be discussed
    (e.g., long-term waste management actions)

For interim RODs, state that the OU response action will be consistent
with the final action selected for the site.

# OPERABLE UNIT CHARACTERISTICS

Provide operable unit characteristics including maps, figures, and
photos as appropriate to depict the nature and extent of contamination.
For an interim action, this section should focus on the description of
those site or operable unit characteristics to be addressed by the
interim remedy.

\[Note: Describe by subunit, when appropriate.\]

## Conceptual Site Model (CSM) for the [Unit Acronym]{.mark} {#conceptual-site-model-csm-for-the-unit-acronym .unnumbered}

Identify primary and secondary sources of contamination and release
mechanisms, contaminated media, migration pathways, exposure pathways,
and potential receptors (insert the latest revision of the CSM, Figure
3).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc55984697 .anchor}Figure 3 Conceptual Site Model
for the [Unit Acronym]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

## Media Assessment {#media-assessment .unnumbered}

Briefly describe the media assessment.

\[Note: The following subheadings (soil investigation and groundwater
investigation) are included as typical media for the OU. Additional
subheadings should be added for any affected media at the OU.\]

### Soil Investigation {#soil-investigation .unnumbered}

Briefly describe the soil investigation.

### Groundwater Investigation {#groundwater-investigation .unnumbered}

Briefly describe the groundwater investigation.

### Media Assessment Results {#media-assessment-results .unnumbered}

Summarize the results of the investigation.

Insert the Schematic Cross Section (Figure 4) of the [unit
acronym]{.mark} from the Scoping Summary.

Describe types of contamination by affected media (e.g., soils, vadose
zone, groundwater) and by discrete unit (if appropriate) \[e.g., Pit
Soils, Sewer Line Soils, Groundwater, etc.\]

> \- Identify whether RCRA listed or characteristic hazardous wastes are
> at the unit
>
> \- Quantity/volume of waste that needs to be addressed
>
> \- Concentrations of contaminants of concern (COCs) in each medium
>
> \- Types and characteristics of COCs (e.g., toxic, mobile,
> carcinogenic, noncarcinogenic)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc55984698 .anchor}Figure 4 Schematic Cross Section
of the [Unit Acronym]{.mark}

Identify principal and low-level threat wastes at the site (e.g.,
location of mobile/high toxicity source materials and non-mobile/low
toxicity source material) \[Note: Per USEPA guidance, some wastes can
not be classified as either principal or low-level threats.\]

\[Note: The following subheadings (soil and groundwater) are included as
typical media for the OU. Additional subheadings should be added for any
affected media at the OU.\]

#### Soil {#soil .unnumbered}

Summarize the soil assessment results.

#### Groundwater {#groundwater .unnumbered}

Summarize the groundwater assessment results.

#### Site Specific Factors {#site-specific-factors .unnumbered}

Identify any other site-specific factors that may affect response
actions at the site. If there are none, use "No site-specific factors
requiring special consideration that might affect the remedial action
for the [unit acronym]{.mark} are present at the site."

## Contaminant Transport Analysis {#contaminant-transport-analysis .unnumbered}

Describe location of contamination and known or potential routes of
off-site migration including:

> \- Likelihood for migration of COCs
>
> \- Population and environmental areas that could be affected, if
> exposed
>
> \- Lateral and vertical extent of contamination
>
> \- Current and potential surface and subsurface pathways of migration

For sites with groundwater contamination, describe the following, if
appropriate

> \- Aquifer(s) affected or threatened by site contamination, types of
> geologic materials, approximate depths, whether aquifer is confined or
> unconfined

\- Groundwater flow directions within each aquifer and between aquifers
and groundwater discharge locations (e.g., surface waters, wetlands,
other aquifers)

\- Confirmed or suspected presence and locations of non-aqueous phase
liquids (NAPLs)

> \- If groundwater transport models were used to define fate and
> transport of COCs, identify the model used and assumptions
>
> \- Surface and subsurface features (e.g., number and volume of tanks,
> lagoons, structures, drums at the site)
>
> \- Interconnection between surface contamination (e.g., soils, surface
> water/sediments) and groundwater contamination

# CURRENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE SITE AND RESOURCE USES

## Land Uses {#land-uses .unnumbered}

Describe current on-site land uses.

Describe current adjacent/surrounding land uses.

Describe reasonably anticipated future land uses and bases for future
use assumptions. This requires a specific statement describing the
future land use assumed for the OU used to evaluate the remedial
actions. Sample language, change use and reference numbers as
appropriate: The [unit acronym]{.mark} OU is located in an area that has
been recommended for future industrial (non-nuclear) use by the SRS
Citizens Advisory Board (CAB). According to the Savannah River Site
Future Use Project Report (USDOE 1996), residential uses of SRS land
should be prohibited. The Savannah River Site Federal Facility Agreement
Implementation Plan (WSRC 1996) designates the LAHS OU as being within
an industrial use with buffer.

## Groundwater Uses/Surface Water Uses {#groundwater-usessurface-water-uses .unnumbered}

Describe current ground/surface water uses on the site and in its
vicinity.

Describe potential beneficial ground/surface water uses (e.g., potential
drinking water, irrigation, recreational) and bases for future use
assumptions.

If beneficial use is potential drinking water source, identify the
appropriate time frame of projected future drinking water uses (e.g.,
groundwater aquifer not currently used as a drinking water source, but
expected to be utilized in 30-50 years).

Describe the location of the anticipated use in relation to location and
anticipated migration of contamination.

# SUMMARY OF OPERABLE UNIT RISKS

## Baseline Risk Assessment {#baseline-risk-assessment .unnumbered}

Summarize briefly the baseline risk assessment process utilizing text
and table formats (see example tables and sample language provided).
Also, provide an illustration depicting the risk and final COCs for
affected pathways. This section should focus on the information that is
driving the need for the specific response action described in the ROD.
It is not necessarily a summary of the entire baseline risk assessment.

As a component of the RFI/Remedial Investigation (RI) process, a
baseline risk assessment (BRA) was performed to evaluate risks
associated with the [unit acronym]{.mark}. The BRA estimates what risks
the site poses if no action were taken. It provides the bases for taking
action and identifies the contaminants and exposure pathways that need
to be addressed by the remedial action. The BRA includes human health
and ecological risk assessments. This section of the ROD summarizes the
results of the BRA for this OU.

\[Note: Describe risks by subunit, when appropriate.\]

## Summary of Human Health Risk Assessment {#summary-of-human-health-risk-assessment .unnumbered}

### Identification of COCs (Table 1) (from RAGS Part D Standard Table 3.1) {#identification-of-cocs-table-1-from-rags-part-d-standard-table-3.1 .unnumbered}

> \- COCs in each medium
>
> \- Minimum/maximum detects and frequency
>
> \- Data quality
>
> \- Exposure point concentration for each COC (95% UCL)

### Exposure Assessment (from RAGS Part D Standard Table 1) {#exposure-assessment-from-rags-part-d-standard-table-1 .unnumbered}

> \- Use CSM as a reference to determine exposure scenarios and pathways
>
> \- Potentially exposed populations in current/future scenarios
>
> \- Sensitive sub-populations
>
> \- Routes of exposure

### Toxicity Assessment (from RAGS Part D Standard Tables 5 and 6) {#toxicity-assessment-from-rags-part-d-standard-tables-5-and-6 .unnumbered}

> \- Carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic toxicity data used to calculate risk
> of each COC

-   Source of toxicity information

-   Primary target organs/health effects non-carcinogenic COCs (Tables 2
    and 3)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133416 .anchor}Table 1. Summary of Constituents
of Concern and Medium-Specific Exposure Point Concentrations

+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| **Sce |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| nario |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Ti    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mefra |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| me:** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Cu    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| rrent |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| *     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| *Medi |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| um:** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Soil  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| **Exp |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Medi  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| um:** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Soil  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| **Exp | **Cons  | *  |    | *  | **F  | **Ex   | **E     | *    |
| osure | tituent | *C |    | *U | requ | posure | xposure | *Sta |
| Ro    | of      | on |    | ni | ency | Point  | Point   | tist |
| ute** | Co      | ce |    | ts | of   | Con    | Concen  | ical |
|       | ncern** | nt |    | ** | Det  | centra | tration | M    |
|       |         | ra |    |    | ecti | tion** | Units** | easu |
|       |         | ti |    |    | on** |        |         | re** |
|       |         | on |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | De |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | te |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | ct |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | ed |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | ** |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
|       |         | M  | M  |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         | in | ax |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| Soil  | B       | 1  | 4  | p  | 2    | 300    | ppm     | 95%  |
| O     | enzo(a) | 00 | 30 | pm | 0/24 |        |         | UCL  |
| nsite | pyrene  |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| --    | 4       | 20 | 3  | p  | 8/24 | 350    | ppm     | MAX  |
| D     | ,4'-DDT |    | 50 | pm |      |        |         |      |
| irect |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| Co    | D       | 15 | 60 | p  | 1    | 40     | ppm     | 95%  |
| ntact | ieldrin |    |    | pm | 5/24 |        |         | UCL  |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| **    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Key** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ppm:  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| parts |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| per   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mi    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| llion |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| 95%   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| UCL:  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| 95%   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Upper |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Confi |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| dence |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Limit |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| MAX:  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ma    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ximum |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| con   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| centr |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ation |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+
| **S   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ample |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Lan   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| guage |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Descr |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ibing |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Su    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mmary |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Co    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| nstit |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| uents |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Co    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ncern |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| and** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| **    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Mediu |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| m-Spe |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| cific |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Point |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| C     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| oncen |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| trati |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ons** |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| The   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| table |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| pre   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| sents |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| co    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| nstit |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| uents |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| co    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ncern |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| COCs) |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| and   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| point |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| con   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| centr |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ation |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (EPC) |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| for   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| each  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| COCs  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| det   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ected |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| soil  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| i.e., |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| con   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| centr |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ation |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| that  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| will  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| be    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| used  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| to    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| est   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| imate |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| and   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| risk  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| from  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| each  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| COC   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| s     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| oil). |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| The   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| table |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| inc   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ludes |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| range |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| conc  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| entra |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| tions |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| det   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ected |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| for   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| each  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| COC,  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| as    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| well  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| as    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| freq  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| uency |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| dete  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ction |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| i.e., |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| n     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| umber |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| times |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| che   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mical |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| was   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| det   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ected |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| sa    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mples |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| coll  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ected |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| at    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| s     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ite), |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| EPC,  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| and   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| how   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| EPC   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| was   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| der   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ived. |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| The   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| table |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| indi  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| cates |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| that  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| benz  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| o(a)p |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| yrene |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| is    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| most  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| frequ |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ently |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| det   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ected |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| COC   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| soil  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| at    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| site. |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| The   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| 95%   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| UCL   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| on    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| arith |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| metic |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mean  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| was   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| used  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| as    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| EPC   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| for   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| benz  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| o(a)p |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| yrene |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| and   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| diel  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| drin. |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| How   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ever, |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| due   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| to    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| li    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mited |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| a     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| mount |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| s     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ample |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| data  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| avai  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| lable |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| for   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| 4,4'  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| -DDT, |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ma    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ximum |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| con   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| centr |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ation |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| was   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| used  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| as    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| de    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| fault |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| EPC.  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
|       |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| NOTE: |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| In a  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ROD,  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| this  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| table |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| would |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| be    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| anded |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| to    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| clude |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| all   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| p     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| oints |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| that  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| have  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| s     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ignif |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| icant |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| r     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| outes |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| for   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| the   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| soil. |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| Addit |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ional |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ver   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| sions |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| this  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| table |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| f     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ormat |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| would |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| be    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| pres  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ented |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| to    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| in    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| clude |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| other |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| media |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| e.g., |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| gr    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| oundw |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ater) |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| or    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| other |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| exp   |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| osure |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| media |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| (     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| e.g., |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| dust) |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| with  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| s     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| ignif |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| icant |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| r     |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| outes |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| of    |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| expo  |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
| sure. |         |    |    |    |      |        |         |      |
+-------+---------+----+----+----+------+--------+---------+------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133417 .anchor}Table 2. Cancer Toxicity Data
Summary

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 19%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Pathway: Ingestion, Dermal</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td><strong>Oral Cancer Slope Factor</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Dermal Cancer Slope Factor</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Slope Factor Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Weight of Evidence/ Cancer Guideline
Description</strong></td>
<td><strong>Source</strong></td>
<td><strong>Date<br />
(Year)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Benzo(a)pyrene</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td colspan="2">7.3</td>
<td colspan="3">(mg/kg)/day</td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">4,4’-DDT</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td colspan="2">0.34</td>
<td colspan="3">(mg/kg)/day</td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Dieldrin</td>
<td>16</td>
<td colspan="2">16</td>
<td colspan="3">(mg/kg)/day</td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">TCE</td>
<td>0.011</td>
<td colspan="2">0.011</td>
<td colspan="3">(mg/kg)/day</td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Pathway: Inhalation</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Unit Risk</strong></td>
<td><strong>Units</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Inhalation Cancer Slope Factor</strong></td>
<td><strong>Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Weight of Evidence/ Cancer Guideline
Description</strong></td>
<td><strong>Source</strong></td>
<td><strong>Date<br />
(Year)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(a)pyrene</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td></td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>4,4’-DDT</td>
<td colspan="2">9.7 x 10<sup>-5</sup></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td></td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dieldrin</td>
<td colspan="2">4.6 x 10<sup>-3</sup></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td></td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TCE</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td></td>
<td>B2</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11"><strong>Pathway: External
(Radiation)<sup>1</sup></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Cancer Slope or Conversion Factor</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Exposure Route</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Weight of Evidence/<br />
Cancer Guideline Description</strong></td>
<td><strong>Source</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Date</strong></p>
<p><strong>(Year)</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="3">---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><h6 id="key-epa-group" class="unnumbered">Key EPA
Group</h6>
<p><strong>---: No information available</strong></p>
<p><strong>IRIS: Integrated Risk Information System, USEPA</strong></p>
<p><strong>NA: Not Applicable</strong></p>
<p>1- This pathway would be used in the event that one of the
contaminants of concern was a radionuclide. If there are no
radionuclides associated with a particular site, then this column can be
deleted.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>A- Human carcinogen</p>
<p>B1- Probable human carcinogen – indicates that limited human data are
available</p>
<p>B2- Probable human carcinogen – indicates sufficient evidence in
animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans</p>
<p>C- Possible human carcinogen</p>
<p>D- Not classifiable as a human carcinogen</p>
<p>E- Evidence of noncarcinogenicity</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="11"><p><strong>Sample Language Describing Summary of
Toxicity Assessment</strong></p>
<p>This table provides carcinogenic risk information that is relevant to
the COCs in both soil and groundwater. At this time, slope factors are
not available for the dermal route of exposure. Thus, the dermal slope
factors used in the assessment have been extrapolated from oral values.
An adjustment factor is sometimes applied, and is dependent upon how
well the chemical is absorbed via the oral route. Adjustments are
particularly important for chemicals with less than 50% absorption via
the ingestion route. However, adjustment is not necessary for the
chemicals evaluated at this site. Therefore, the same values presented
above were used as the dermal carcinogenic slope factors for these
contaminants.</p>
<p>Two of the COCs are also considered carcinogenic via the inhalation
route. Dieldrin and 4,4’-DDT have inhalation unit risk factors of 4.6 x
10<sup>-3</sup> and 9.7 x 10<sup>-5</sup>, respectively (Source: IRIS,
USEPA 1998). TCE (found in the groundwater) and benzo(a)pyrene lack
sufficient toxicity information via the inhalation route to support the
development of specific inhalation carcinogenic toxicity
criteria.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133418 .anchor}Table 3. Non-Cancer Toxicity Data
Summary

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><strong>Pathway: Ingestion, Dermal</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td><strong>Chronic/<br />
Subchronic</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Oral RfD</strong></p>
<p><strong>Value</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Oral RfD Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Dermal<br />
RfD</strong></td>
<td><strong>Dermal RfD<br />
Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Primary Target Organ</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Combined Uncertainty/</strong></p>
<p><strong>Modifying Factors</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Sources of RfD: Target Organ</strong></td>
<td><strong>Dates of RfD: Target Organ<br />
(M/D/Y)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(a)<br />
pyrene</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>4,4’-DDT</td>
<td>Chronic</td>
<td>5.0 x 10<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>mg/kg day</td>
<td>5.0 x 10<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>mg/kg day</td>
<td>Liver</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dieldrin</td>
<td>Chronic</td>
<td>5.0 x 10<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>mg/kg day</td>
<td>5.0 x 10<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>mg/kg day</td>
<td>Liver</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>IRIS</td>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TCE</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><strong>Pathway: Inhalation</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td><strong>Chronic/<br />
Subchronic</strong></td>
<td><strong>Inhalation RfC</strong></td>
<td><strong>Inhalation RfC Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Inhalation<br />
RfD</strong></td>
<td><strong>Inhalation RfD Units</strong></td>
<td><strong>Primary Target Organ</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Combined Uncertainty/</strong></p>
<p><strong>Modifying Factors</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Sources of RfC:RfD: Target Organ</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Dates</strong></p>
<p><strong>(M/D/Y)</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(a)<br />
pyrene</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>4,4’-DDT</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dieldrin</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>TCE</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Key</strong></p>
<p><strong>---: no information available</strong></p>
<p><strong>IRIS: Integrated Risk Information System, USEPA</strong></p>
<p><strong>RfDs: reference dose</strong></p>
<p><strong>RfC: reference concentration</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Sample Language Describing Summary of
Toxicity Assessment</strong></p>
<p>This table provides noncarcinogenic risk information that is relevant
to the COCs in both soil and groundwater. Two of the COCs have toxicity
data indicating their potential for adverse noncarcinogenic health
effects in humans. The chronic toxicity data available for both 4,4’-DDT
and dieldrin for oral exposures, have been used to develop oral
reference doses (RfDs). The oral RfDs for 4,4’-DDT and dieldrin are 5.0
x 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/kg/day, and 5.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup> mg/kg/day,
respectively (Source: IRIS, USEPA 1998). The available toxicity data,
from both chronic and subchronic animal studies, indicate that both
dieldrin and 4,4’-DDT primarily affect the liver. Reference doses are
not available for benzo(a)pyrene or TCE, neither are dermal RfDs or
inhalation RfCs for any of the contaminants. As was the case for the
carcinogenic data, dermal RfDs can be extrapolated from the oral RfDs
applying and adjustment factor as appropriate. However, for dieldrin and
4,4’-DDT no adjustment is necessary, and the oral RfDs discussed were
used as the dermal RfDs for these contaminants. At this time, inhalation
reference concentrations are not available for any of the COCs.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

### Risk Characterization  {#risk-characterization .unnumbered}

Include the following for all current/future land use scenarios that
present unacceptable risks:

> \- Carcinogenic risks for each COC by medium and pathway
>
> \- Combine carcinogenic risks for total exposure to COCs in medium and
> pathway
>
> \- HQ for each COC in each medium for each pathway
>
> \- HI for combined non-carcinogenic effects
>
> \- Combined carcinogenic and HIs for paths to which individuals could
> be exposed
>
> \- Qualitative descriptions of risks
>
> \- Explanation of quantitative risk versus qualitative
>
> \- Table summary (Tables 4 and 5) (RAGS Part D Table 10)

Include Significant Sources of Uncertainty:

> \- Uncertainty due to number of samples
>
> \- Uncertainty due to fate and transport models
>
> \- Uncertainty due to default exposure assumptions
>
> \- Uncertainty due to available toxicity data (Tables 4 and 5)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133419 .anchor}Table 4. Risk Characterization
Summary - Carcinogens

+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| **Sce |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nario |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Ti    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| mefra |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| me:** |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Cu    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rrent |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| **Rec |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eptor |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Pop   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ulati |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| on:** |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Res   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ident |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| **Rec |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eptor |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| A     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ge:** |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Child |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| **Med | **Exp | **Exp | **C   | **  |       |       |       |      |
| ium** | osure | osure | onsti | Car |       |       |       |      |
|       | Med   | Ro    | tuent | cin |       |       |       |      |
|       | ium** | ute** | of    | oge |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       | Conc  | nic |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       | ern** | Ris |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       | k** |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       |       |       |       | *   | **In  | **Der | **Ext | **   |
|       |       |       |       | *In | halat | mal** | ernal | Expo |
|       |       |       |       | ges | ion** |       | (     | sure |
|       |       |       |       | tio |       |       | Radia | Ro   |
|       |       |       |       | n** |       |       | tion) | utes |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       | ^1^** | Tot  |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | al** |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Soil  | Soil  | Soil  | Ben   | 1.2 | N/A   | 3.3 x | \-\-- | 1.2  |
|       |       | Ons   | zo(a) | x   |       | 1     |       | x    |
|       |       | ite-D | p     | 10^ |       | 0^-6^ |       | 10   |
|       |       | irect | yrene | -2^ |       |       |       | ^-2^ |
|       |       | Co    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | ntact |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       |       | Soil  | 4,4   | 6.5 | N/A   | 4.5 x | \-\-- | 6.5  |
|       |       | Ons   | '-DDT | x   |       | 1     |       | x    |
|       |       | ite-D |       | 10^ |       | 0^-7^ |       | 10   |
|       |       | irect |       | -4^ |       |       |       | ^-4^ |
|       |       | Co    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | ntact |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       |       | Soil  | Die   | 3.5 | N/A   | 4.8 x | \-\-- | 3.5  |
|       |       | Ons   | ldrin | x   |       | 1     |       | x    |
|       |       | ite-D |       | 10^ |       | 0^-6^ |       | 10   |
|       |       | irect |       | -3^ |       |       |       | ^-3^ |
|       |       | Co    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | ntact |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       | Dust  | Soil  | Ben   | N/A | \-\-- | N/A   | \-\-- |      |
|       |       | On    | zo(a) |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | site- | p     |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Inhal | yrene |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | ation |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | of    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Soil  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | as    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Dust  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       |       | Soil  | 4,4   | N/A | 9.7 x | N/A   | \-\-- | 9.7  |
|       |       | On    | '-DDT |     | 1     |       |       | x    |
|       |       | site- |       |     | 0^-4^ |       |       | 10   |
|       |       | Inhal |       |     |       |       |       | ^-4^ |
|       |       | ation |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | of    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Soil  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | as    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Dust  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
|       |       | Soil  | Die   | N/A | 8.5 x | N/A   | \-\-- | 8.5  |
|       |       | On    | ldrin |     | 1     |       |       | x    |
|       |       | site- |       |     | 0^-3^ |       |       | 10   |
|       |       | Inhal |       |     |       |       |       | ^-3^ |
|       |       | ation |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | of    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Soil  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | as    |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       | Dust  |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Soil  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 2.6  |
| Risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | x    |
| Total |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 10   |
| =     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | ^-2^ |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Gr    | Gr    | Aq    | TCE   | 2.5 | \-\-- | 1.4 x | \-\-- | 2.5  |
| ound- | ound- | uifer |       | x   |       | 1     |       | x    |
| water | water | X-Tap |       | 10^ |       | 0^-7^ |       | 10   |
|       |       | Water |       | -3^ |       |       |       | ^-3^ |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| G     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 2.5  |
| round |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | x    |
| water |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 10   |
| Risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | ^-3^ |
| Total |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| =     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| Total |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 2.9  |
| Risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | x    |
| =     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | 10   |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       | ^-2^ |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| **    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Key** |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| \     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| -\--: |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Tox   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| icity |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cri   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| teria |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| are   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| not   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| avai  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| lable |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| quan  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| titat |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ively |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ad    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| dress |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| route |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| expo  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| sure. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| N/A:  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Route |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| is    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| not   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| appli |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cable |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| me    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| dium. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 1     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| \-\-- |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| This  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| c     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| olumn |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| would |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| be    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| used  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| in    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| event |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| that  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| one   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| co    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ntami |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nants |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| co    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ncern |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| was a |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rad   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ionuc |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| lide. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| If    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| there |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| are   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| no    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rad   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ionuc |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| lides |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| assoc |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| iated |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| with  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| a     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| parti |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cular |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| site, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| then  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| c     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| olumn |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| can   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| be    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| del   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eted. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+
| **S   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ample |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Lan   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| guage |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Descr |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ibing |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Cha   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| racte |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rizat |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ion** |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Table |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 4     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| pro   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| vides |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| esti  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| mates |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| for   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| s     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ignif |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| icant |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| r     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| outes |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| expo  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| sure. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| These |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| esti  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| mates |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| are   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| based |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| on a  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| reaso |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nable |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ma    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ximum |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| were  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| deve  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| loped |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| by    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| t     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| aking |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| into  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ac    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| count |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| va    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rious |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| co    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nserv |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ative |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| a     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ssump |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| tions |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| about |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| freq  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| uency |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| dur   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ation |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of a  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ch    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ild's |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| soil  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| gr    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| oundw |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ater, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| as    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| well  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| as    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| tox   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| icity |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| COCs  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| (     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| benzo |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| (a)py |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rene, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 4,4'  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| -DDT, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| diel  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| drin, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| TCE). |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| The   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| total |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| from  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| d     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| irect |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| co    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ntami |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nated |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| soil  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| g     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| round |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| water |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| at    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| site  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to a  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cu    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rrent |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| child |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| res   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ident |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| is    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| esti  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| mated |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to be |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 2.85  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| x     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 10    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ^-2^. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| The   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| COCs  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| co    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ntrib |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| uting |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| most  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| level |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| are   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| benz  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| o(a)p |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| yrene |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| die   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ldrin |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| in    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| soil  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| and   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| TCE   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| in    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| gr    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| oundw |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ater. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| This  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| risk  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| level |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| indi  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cates |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| that  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| if no |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| cl    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eanup |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| a     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ction |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| is    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| t     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| aken, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| an    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| indiv |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| idual |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| would |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| have  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| an    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| incr  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eased |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| p     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| robab |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ility |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of 3  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| in    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| 100   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| devel |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| oping |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| c     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ancer |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| as a  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| r     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| esult |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| si    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| te-re |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| lated |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| the   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| COCs. |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
|       |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| NOTE: |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| Addit |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ional |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ver   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| sions |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| of    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| this  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| table |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| f     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ormat |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| would |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| be    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| pres  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ented |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| to    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| in    |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| clude |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| other |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rece  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ptors |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| with  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| s     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| ignif |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| icant |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| exp   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| osure |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| (sce  |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| nario |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| timef |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rame, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rec   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eptor |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| p     |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| opula |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| tion, |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| rec   |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| eptor |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
| age). |       |       |       |     |       |       |       |      |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-------+-------+-------+------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133420 .anchor}Table 5. Risk Characterization
Summary -- Non-Carcinogens

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="12"><p><strong>Scenario Timeframe:</strong> Current</p>
<p><strong>Receptor Population:</strong> Resident</p>
<p><strong>Receptor Age:</strong> Child</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Medium</strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Exposure Medium</strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Exposure Route</strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Constituent of Concern</strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Primary Target Organ</strong></td>
<td colspan="7"><strong>Non-Carcinogenic Hazard Quotient</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Ingestion</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Inhalation</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Dermal</strong></td>
<td><strong>Exposure Routes Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3">Soil</td>
<td rowspan="3">Soil</td>
<td>Soil Onsite-Direct Contact</td>
<td>Benzo(a)<br />
pyrene</td>
<td>Liver</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="2">N/A</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soil Onsite-Direct Contact</td>
<td>4,4'-DDT</td>
<td>Liver</td>
<td colspan="2">3.8</td>
<td colspan="2">N/A</td>
<td colspan="2">1.5x10<sup>-2</sup></td>
<td>3.9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Soil Onsite-Direct Contact</td>
<td>Dieldrin</td>
<td>Liver</td>
<td colspan="2">4.4</td>
<td colspan="2">N/A</td>
<td colspan="2">2.7x10<sup>-4</sup></td>
<td>4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11">Soil Hazard Index Total =</td>
<td>8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ground- water</td>
<td>Ground-water</td>
<td>Aquifer X-Tap Water</td>
<td>TCE</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td colspan="2">---</td>
<td>---</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11">Groundwater Hazard Index Total =</td>
<td>---</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="11">Receptor Hazard Index =</td>
<td>8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11">Liver Hazard Index =</td>
<td>8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="12"><p><strong>Key</strong></p>
<p>---: Toxicity criteria are not available to quantitatively address
this route of exposure.</p>
<p>N/A: Route of exposure is not applicable to this medium.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="12"><p><strong>Sample Language Describing Risk
Characterization</strong></p>
<p>Table 5 provides hazard quotients (HQs) for each route of exposure
and the hazard index (HI)(sum of hazard quotients) for all routes of
exposure. The Risk Assessment Guidance (RAGS) for Superfund states that,
generally, a HI greater than 1 indicates the potential for adverse
noncancer effects. The estimated HI of 8.3 indicates that the potential
for adverse noncancer effects could occur from exposure to contaminated
soil containing 4,4'-DDT, dieldrin and benzo(a)pyrene. The noncancer
risk from exposure to contaminated groundwater could not be evaluated
due to the lack of noncarcinogenic toxicity criteria for TCE.</p>
<p>NOTE: Additional versions of this table format would be presented to
include other receptors with significant exposure (scenario timeframe
(e.g., chronic versus subchronic exposures), receptor population,
receptor age)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

The following sample language may be included in this section.

For carcinogens, risks are generally expressed as the incremental
probability of an individual developing cancer over a lifetime as a
result of exposure to the carcinogen. Excess lifetime cancer risk is
calculated from the following equation:

Risk = CDI x SF

where: risk = a unitless probability (e.g., 2 x 10^-5^) of an individual
developing cancer

CDI = chronic daily intake averaged over 70 years (mg/kg-day)

SF = slope factor, expressed as (mg/kg-day)-1.

These risks are probabilities that usually are expressed in scientific
notation (e.g., 1 x 10^-6^). An excess lifetime cancer risk of 1 x
10^-6^ indicates that an individual experiencing the reasonable maximum
exposure estimate has a 1 in 1,000,000 chance of developing cancer as a
result of site-related exposure. This is referred to as an "excess
lifetime cancer risk" because it would be in addition to the risks of
cancer individuals face from other causes such as smoking or exposure to
too much sun. The chance of an individual developing cancer from all
other causes has been estimated to be as high as one in three. USEPA's
generally acceptable risk range for site-related exposures is 10^-4^ to
10^-6^.

The potential for noncarcinogenic effects is evaluated by comparing an
exposure level over a specified time period (e.g., lifetime) with a
reference dose (RfD) derived for a similar exposure period. An RfD
represents a level that an individual may be exposed to that is not
expected to cause any deleterious effect. The ratio of exposure to
toxicity is called a hazard quotient (HQ). An HQ\<1 indicates that a
receptor's dose of a single contaminant is less than the RfD, and that
toxic noncarcinogenic effects from that chemical are unlikely. The
Hazard Index (HI) is generated by adding the HQs for all constituent(s)
of concern^.^ that affect the same target organ (e.g., liver) or that
act through the same mechanism of action within a medium or across all
media to which a given individual may reasonably be exposed. An HI\<1
indicates that, based on the sum of all HQs from different contaminants
and exposure routes, toxic noncarcinogenic effects from all contaminants
are unlikely. An HI\> 1 indicates that site-related exposures may
present a risk to human health.

The HQ is calculated as follows:

Non-cancer HQ = CDI/RfD

where: CDI = Chronic daily intake

RfD = reference dose

CDI and RfD are expressed in the same units and represent the same
exposure period (i.e., chronic, subchronic, or short-term).

## Summary of Ecological Risk Assessment {#summary-of-ecological-risk-assessment .unnumbered}

### Identification of COCs {#identification-of-cocs .unnumbered}

> \- Summary of toxicity data used to evaluate constituents of potential
> concern (COPCs) plus background concentrations for each chemical
>
> \- COPCs in each medium
>
> \- Range of detected concentrations and frequency of detects for each
> COPC in each medium
>
> \- Mean and maximum concentrations of COPCs
>
> \- Ecological HQ and COC flag (yes or no) for each COPC
>
> \- Data quality (data usability section of ecological risk assessment)

### Exposure Assessment {#exposure-assessment .unnumbered}

> \- Description of ecological setting (habitat maps, sensitive areas,
> etc.)
>
> \- Key species exposed; threatened, endangered species (Table 6)
>
> \- Exposure pathways for receptors plus exposure point concentrations
>
> \- Monitoring/modeling data and assumptions used for exposure point
> concentrations
>
> \- Summary of field studies conducted

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133421 .anchor}Table 6. Ecological Exposure
Pathways of Concern

+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
| **Ex   | **Sen  | **    | **     | **       | **A       | **Mea    |
| posure | sitive | Recep | Endang | Exposure | ssessment | surement |
| Me     | Envir  | tor** | ered/\ | Routes** | En        | End      |
| dium** | onment |       | Thre   |          | dpoints** | points** |
|        | Flag\  |       | atened |          |           |          |
|        | (Y or  |       | S      |          |           |          |
|        | N)**   |       | pecies |          |           |          |
|        |        |       | Flag\  |          |           |          |
|        |        |       | (Y or  |          |           |          |
|        |        |       | N)**   |          |           |          |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
| Se     | N      | Be    | N      | In       | Benthic   | -        |
| diment |        | nthic |        | gestion, | inv       | Toxicity |
|        |        | orga  |        | resp     | ertebrate |     of   |
|        |        | nisms |        | iration, | community |     soil |
|        |        |       |        | and      | species   |     to   |
|        |        |       |        | direct   | diversity |     *H   |
|        |        |       |        | contact  | and       | yallela* |
|        |        |       |        | with     | abundance |          |
|        |        |       |        | c        |           | -        |
|        |        |       |        | hemicals |           |  Species |
|        |        |       |        | in       |           |     d    |
|        |        |       |        | sediment |           | iversity |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |          |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |    index |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
| S      | N      | Fish  | N      | In       | Ma        | -        |
| urface |        |       |        | gestion, | intenance | Toxicity |
| Water  |        |       |        | resp     | of an     |     of   |
|        |        |       |        | iration, | abundant  |          |
|        |        |       |        | and      | and       |  surface |
|        |        |       |        | direct   | p         |          |
|        |        |       |        | contact  | roductive |    water |
|        |        |       |        | with     | game fish |     to   |
|        |        |       |        | c        | p         |     *Pi  |
|        |        |       |        | hemicals | opulation | mephales |
|        |        |       |        | in       |           |     p    |
|        |        |       |        | surface  |           | romelas* |
|        |        |       |        | water    |           |          |
|        |        |       |        |          |           | -        |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |  Species |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |     d    |
|        |        |       |        |          |           | iversity |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |          |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |    index |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
| Soil   | N      | T     | N      | I        | Survival  | -        |
|        |        | erres |        | ngestion | of        | Toxicity |
|        |        | trial |        | and      | te        |     of   |
|        |        | inv   |        | direct   | rrestrial |     s    |
|        |        | erteb |        | contact  | inv       | ediments |
|        |        | rates |        | with     | ertebrate |     to   |
|        |        |       |        | c        | community |     *L   |
|        |        |       |        | hemicals |           | umbricus |
|        |        |       |        | in       |           |     ter  |
|        |        |       |        | wetland  |           | restris* |
|        |        |       |        | soils    |           |          |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
|        |        | T     | Y      | Uptake   | Mai       | -        |
|        |        | erres |        | of       | ntenance/ |  Species |
|        |        | trial |        | c        |           |     d    |
|        |        | p     |        | hemicals | en        | iversity |
|        |        | lants |        | via root | hancement |          |
|        |        |       |        | systems  | of native |    index |
|        |        |       |        |          | wetland   |          |
|        |        |       |        |          | v         | -        |
|        |        |       |        |          | egetation | Survival |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |     of   |
|        |        |       |        |          |           |     s    |
|        |        |       |        |          |           | eedlings |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+
| S      | Y      | Aq    | N      | In       | Ma        | -        |
| urface |        | uatic |        | gestion, | intenance |  Species |
| Water  |        | inv   |        | resp     | of a      |     d    |
| (      |        | erteb |        | iration, | balanced, | iversity |
| Vernal |        | rates |        | and      | i         |          |
| pools) |        |       |        | direct   | ndigenous |    index |
|        |        |       |        | contact  | aquatic   |          |
|        |        |       |        | with     | inv       |          |
|        |        |       |        | c        | ertebrate |          |
|        |        |       |        | hemicals | community |          |
|        |        |       |        | in       |           |          |
|        |        |       |        | surface  |           |          |
|        |        |       |        | water    |           |          |
+--------+--------+-------+--------+----------+-----------+----------+

### Ecological Effects Assessment {#ecological-effects-assessment .unnumbered}

> \- Summary of toxicity tests/field studies used to evaluate adverse
> ecological effects
>
> \- Description of the assessment and measurement endpoints

### Ecological Risk Characterization {#ecological-risk-characterization .unnumbered}

> \- Summary of environmental risks associated with a relevant media,
> the basis of these risks, how risks were determined, and COC
> concentrations expected to be protective of ecological receptors.
> (Table 7)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133422 .anchor}Table 7. COC Concentrations
Expected to Provide Adequate Protection of Ecological Receptors

+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
| **H    | **Ex   | *      | **    | **U | ####### B | **Assessmen   |
| abitat | posure | *COC** | Prote | nit | asies {#b | t/Measurement |
| Type/  | Me     |        | ctive | s** | asies .un | Endpoint\     |
| Name** | dium** |        | L     |     | numbered} | (protocol)**  |
|        |        |        | evel^ |     |           |               |
|        |        |        | 1.^** |     |           |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
| Small  | Se     | A      | 6     | mg  | Toxicity  | Benthic       |
| Fres   | diment | rsenic |       | /kg | Reference | invertebrate  |
| hwater |        |        |       |     | Value     | community     |
| S      |        |        |       |     | (TRV)     | species       |
| tream/ |        |        |       |     | protocol  | diversity and |
| West   |        |        |       |     |           | abundance     |
| Branch |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| Maple  |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| Creek  |        |        |       |     |           |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
|        |        | Lead   | 15    | mg  | Si        |               |
|        |        |        |       | /kg | gnificant |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | d         |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | ifference |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | in        |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | Benthic   |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | Diversity |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | Index     |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | between   |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | the site  |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | and the   |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | reference |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | site.     |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
|        |        | Total  | 0.03  | mg  | TRV       |               |
|        |        | PCBs   | -0.05 | /kg |           |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
|        | S      | Al     | 123   | u   | TRV       | Maintenance   |
|        | urface | uminum |       | g/l |           | of an         |
|        | Water  |        |       |     |           | abundant and  |
|        |        |        |       |     |           | productive    |
|        |        |        |       |     |           | game fish     |
|        |        |        |       |     |           | population    |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
|        |        | A      | 208   | u   | TRV       |               |
|        |        | rsenic |       | g/l |           |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
|        |        | Total  | 0.1   | u   | Bioacc    |               |
|        |        | PCBs   |       | g/l | umulation |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | factor    |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | (BAF)     |               |
|        |        |        |       |     | protocol  |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+
| **N    |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| otes** |        |        |       |     |           |               |
|        |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| ^1.^ A |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| range  |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| of     |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| levels |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| may be |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| provid |        |        |       |     |           |               |
| ed.^.^ |        |        |       |     |           |               |
+--------+--------+--------+-------+-----+-----------+---------------+

## Summary of the Fate and Transport Analysis {#summary-of-the-fate-and-transport-analysis .unnumbered}

Summarize the results of the fate and transport analysis with emphasis
on where remedial action is required.

## Discussion of Principal Threat Source Material (PTSM) {#discussion-of-principal-threat-source-material-ptsm .unnumbered}

Discuss whether the OU does/does not contain PTSM and its location.

## Risk Assessment Summary  {#risk-assessment-summary .unnumbered}

This section may be organized by subunit, when applicable.

## Conclusions {#conclusions .unnumbered}

This section may be organized by subunit, when applicable. State basis
for remedial action, which is generally warranted if one or more of the
following conditions is met: (1) the cumulative excess carcinogenic risk
to an individual exceeds the acceptable risk for the current or future
land use; (2) the non-carcinogenic hazard index is greater than one for
either current or future land use; (3) site-specific contaminants cause
adverse environmental impacts; or (4) chemical-specific standards or
other measures that define acceptable risk levels are exceeded.

# REMEDIAL ACTION OBJECTIVES AND REMEDIAL GOALS

Present a clear statement of the specific remedial action objectives
(RAOs) for the operable unit or site (e.g., treatment of contaminated
soils above health-based action levels, restoration of groundwater plume
to drinking water standards, and containment of dense non-aqueous phase
liquid (DNAPL) source areas).

Discuss the basis and rationale for RAOs (e.g., current and reasonably
anticipated future land use and potential beneficial groundwater use).

\[Note: RAOs should be specific at this point and indicate the remedial
levels to achieve (can refer to table). An example is: Protect future
workers from contact with soil containing levels of B(a)P in excess of
200 µg/kg.\]

Include an RAO to ensure that the future land use for which remedial
goals are developed is maintained (e.g., "Prevent residential and/or
agricultural land use").

Explain how the RAOs address risks identified in the risk assessment
(e.g., how will the risks driving the need for action be addressed by
the response action).

Based upon the appropriate human health and ecological COCs, provide the
remedial goals (RGs) for the operable unit (use tables and illustrations
as appropriate).

Identify key ARARs for all the options in a table format. The table can
be included as an appendix to the ROD.

# DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES

The objective of this section is to provide a brief understanding of the
remedial alternatives developed for the site.

## Remedy Components, Common Elements, and Distinguishing Features of Each Alternative {#remedy-components-common-elements-and-distinguishing-features-of-each-alternative .unnumbered}

Up front, provide the following information for each alternative:

> \- Estimated Present Value Cost
>
> \- Construction Time to Complete

Present worth (PW) costs should include a statement listing the basis
for those costs. The discount rate (2.1% for 1 to 3 years, 2.8% for 4 to
5 years, 3.0% for 6 to 7 years, 3.1% for 8 to 10 years, and 3.9% for 11
years or longer) and the length of time used for O&M costs must be
stated. Use the actual expected length of time in the calculations. If
the costs are expected to continue beyond 30 years, without a definite
end point, use 500 years. Use the same time period for each alternative
to discuss PW costs. For alternatives that are complete (no O&M
required) earlier than others, show that there are no costs for the
years after completion.

Describe the remedy and provide a bulleted list of the major components
of each alternative, as they logically occur in the remediation process.
Describe common elements and distinguishing features unique to each
response action. Examples of these include:

> \- Treatment technologies and the materials they will address (e.g.,
> principal threat) Note: Regulators do consider monitored natural
> attenuation as meeting the preference for treatment. Also, natural
> radioactive decay qualifies, but time must be short.
>
> \- Containment components of remedy (e.g., engineering controls, cap,
> hydraulic barriers) and the materials they will address (e.g.,
> low-level threat source materials, treatment residuals)
>
> \- Land Use Controls and Institutional Controls (Identify entity
> responsible for implementing, monitoring, reporting, and a reference
> to the LUCIP form implementation details, including monitoring
> frequency)
>
> \- Operations and Maintenance (O & M) activities required to maintain
> the integrity of the remedy (e.g., cap maintenance)
>
> \- Monitoring requirements
>
> \- Key ARARs associated with each alternative
>
> \- Long-term reliability of remedy (potential for remedy
> failure/replacement costs)
>
> \- Quantity of untreated waste and treatment residuals to be disposed
> off-site or managed on-site in a containment system and degree of
> hazard remaining in such waste
>
> \- Available land uses upon achieving remediation goals. Note:
> Timeframe to achieve goals (e.g., commercial or light industrial use
> available in 3 years when cleanup levels are achieved)
>
> \- Available groundwater uses upon achieving remediation goals. Note
> timeframe to achieve goals (e.g., restricted use for industrial
> purposes in Technical Impracticability (TI) waiver zone, drinking
> water use in non-TI zone achieving cleanup levels in 100 years). Also
> include a statement on current groundwater uses.
>
> \- Other impacts or benefits associated with each alternative

For an interim action, this section should describe the limited
alternatives (including the No Action alternative) that were considered
for the interim action (generally three or fewer). Only those
requirements that are ARARs for the limited-scope interim action should
be incorporated into the description of alternatives.

# COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Briefly compare the relative performance of each alternative against the
others with respect to the nine evaluation criteria (summarize in a
table if appropriate):

\[Note: The discussion for each criterion should be in decreasing order
of the alternative\'s ability to satisfy the respective criterion.\]

-   Overall protection of human health and the environment (specify
    "industrial" or "residential" to qualify the protectiveness
    statements.)

-   Compliance with ARARs

-   Long-term effectiveness and permanence

-   Reduction of toxicity, mobility, or volume through treatment

-   Short-term effectiveness

-   Implementability

-   Cost

-   State acceptance

-   Community acceptance

For an interim action, this section should be presented in light of the
limited scope of the action. Evaluation criteria not relevant to
evaluation of interim actions need not be addressed in detail. Rather,
their irrelevance to the decision should be noted briefly.

\[Note: A summary table may be added, in addition to the discussion in
the text to clarify.\]

# THE SELECTED REMEDY

## Detailed Description of the Selected Remedy {#detailed-description-of-the-selected-remedy .unnumbered}

Expand on the description of the Selected Remedy from that which was
provided in the Description of Alternatives section.

Include a clear, concise, thorough explanation of the logic behind
selecting the alternative. This should discuss the major distinguishing
features over each of the other alternatives.

Mention that the remedy may change as a result of the remedial design or
construction processes. Changes to the remedy described in the ROD will
be documented in the Administrative Record utilizing a memo, an
Explanation of Significant Difference (ESD), or ROD Amendment.

If a selected alternative is and/or includes Institutional Controls, the
following words should be inserted after the paragraph that states the
selected alternative is Institutional Controls. Also include Table 8,
which should show the Type of Control, Purposes of Control, Duration,
Implementation (including when it will be implemented) and Affected
Areas.

Table 8. Land Use Controls for the *[\[Operable Unit Name
(XXXX)\]]{.mark}*

+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| **   | **Purpose   | ########  | **Implementation**  | **Affected   |
| Type | of          | **Duratio |                     | Areas**^a^   |
| of   | Control**   | n** {#dur |                     |              |
| C    |             | ation .un |                     |              |
| ontr |             | numbered} |                     |              |
| ol** |             |           |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 1\.  | Provide     | Until the | Notice recorded by  | All waste    |
| Prop | notice to   | conc      | DOE in accordance   | management   |
| erty | anyone      | entration | with state laws at  | areas and    |
| Re   | searching   | of        | County Register of  | other areas  |
| cord | records     | hazardous | Deeds office if the | where        |
| No   | about the   | s         | property or any     | hazardous    |
| tice | existence   | ubstances | portion thereof is  | substances   |
| s^b^ | and         | a         | ever transferred to | are left in  |
|      | location of | ssociated | non-federal         | place at     |
|      | c           | with the  | ownership.          | levels       |
|      | ontaminated | unit have |                     | requiring    |
|      | areas.      | been      |                     | land use     |
|      |             | reduced   |                     | and/or       |
|      |             | to levels |                     | groundwater  |
|      |             | that      |                     | r            |
|      |             | allow for |                     | estrictions. |
|      |             | unlimited |                     |              |
|      |             | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 2\.  | Restrict    | Until the | Drafted and         | All waste    |
| Prop | use of      | conc      | implemented by DOE  | management   |
| erty | property by | entration | upon transfer of    | areas and    |
| re   | imposing    | of        | affected areas.     | other areas  |
| cord | l           | hazardous | Recorded by DOE in  | where        |
| r    | imitations. | s         | accordance with     | hazardous    |
| estr |             | ubstances | state law at County | substances   |
| icti | Prohibit    | a         | Register of Deeds   | are left in  |
| ons^ | the use of  | ssociated | office.             | place at     |
| c^:\ | g           | with the  |                     | levels       |
| A.   | roundwater. | unit have |                     | requiring    |
| Land |             | been      |                     | land use     |
| Use\ |             | reduced   |                     | and/or       |
| B.   |             | to levels |                     | groundwater  |
| Gro  |             | that      |                     | r            |
| undw |             | allow for |                     | estrictions. |
| ater |             | unlimited |                     |              |
|      |             | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 3\.  | Provide     | Until the | Notice recorded by  | All waste    |
| O    | notice to   | conc      | DOE in accordance   | management   |
| ther | city &/or   | entration | with state laws at  | areas and    |
| No   | county      | of        | County Register of  | other areas  |
| tice | about the   | hazardous | Deeds office if the | where        |
| s^d^ | existence   | s         | property or any     | hazardous    |
|      | and         | ubstances | portion thereof is  | substances   |
|      | location of | a         | ever transferred to | are left in  |
|      | waste       | ssociated | non-federal         | place at     |
|      | disposal    | with the  | ownership.          | levels       |
|      | and         | unit have |                     | requiring    |
|      | residual    | been      |                     | land use     |
|      | co          | reduced   |                     | and/or       |
|      | ntamination | to levels |                     | groundwater  |
|      | areas for   | that      |                     | r            |
|      | zoni        | allow for |                     | estrictions. |
|      | ng/planning | unlimited |                     |              |
|      | purposes.   | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 4\.  | Provide     | As long   | Implemented by Doe  | Remediation  |
| Site | notice to   | as        | and site            | systems, all |
| Use  | worke       | property  | contractors         | waste        |
| Pr   | r/developer | remains   |                     | management   |
| ogra | (i.e.,      | under DOE | Initiated by permit | areas. And   |
| m^e^ | permit      | control   | request             | areas where  |
|      | requestor)  |           |                     | levels       |
|      | on extent   |           |                     | requiring    |
|      | of          |           |                     | land use and |
|      | co          |           |                     | / or         |
|      | ntamination |           |                     | groundwater  |
|      | and         |           |                     | r            |
|      | prohibit or |           |                     | estrictions. |
|      | limit       |           |                     |              |
|      | excavation/ |           |                     |              |
|      | penetration |           |                     |              |
|      | activity.   |           |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 5\.  | Control and | Until the | Controls maintained | At select    |
| Phys | restrict    | conc      | by DOE              | locations    |
| ical | access to   | entration |                     | throughout   |
| Ac   | workers and | of        |                     | SRS.         |
| cess | the public  | hazardous |                     |              |
| Con  | to prevent  | s         |                     |              |
| trol | un          | ubstances |                     |              |
| s^f^ | authorized. | a         |                     |              |
| (e   |             | ssociated |                     |              |
| .g., |             | with the  |                     |              |
| fen  |             | unit have |                     |              |
| ces, |             | been      |                     |              |
| ga   |             | reduced   |                     |              |
| tes, |             | to levels |                     |              |
| port |             | that      |                     |              |
| als) |             | allow for |                     |              |
|      |             | unlimited |                     |              |
|      |             | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 6\.  | Provide     | Until the | Signage maintained  | At select    |
| War  | notice or   | conc      | by DOE              | locations    |
| ning | warning to  | entration |                     | throughout   |
| Sign | prevent     | of        |                     | SRS          |
| s^g^ | u           | hazardous |                     |              |
|      | nauthorized | s         |                     |              |
|      | uses        | ubstances |                     |              |
|      |             | a         |                     |              |
|      |             | ssociated |                     |              |
|      |             | with the  |                     |              |
|      |             | unit have |                     |              |
|      |             | been      |                     |              |
|      |             | reduced   |                     |              |
|      |             | to levels |                     |              |
|      |             | that      |                     |              |
|      |             | allow for |                     |              |
|      |             | unlimited |                     |              |
|      |             | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+
| 7\.  | Control and | Until the | Established and     | Patrol of    |
| Secu | monitor     | conc      | maintained by DOE   | selected     |
| rity | access by   | entration |                     | area         |
| Surv | wor         | of        | Necessity of        | throughout   |
| eill | kers/public | hazardous | patrols evaluated   | SRS, as      |
| ance |             | s         | upon completion of  | necessary.   |
| Meas |             | ubstances | remedial actions.   |              |
| ures |             | a         |                     |              |
|      |             | ssociated |                     |              |
|      |             | with the  |                     |              |
|      |             | unit have |                     |              |
|      |             | been      |                     |              |
|      |             | reduced   |                     |              |
|      |             | to levels |                     |              |
|      |             | that      |                     |              |
|      |             | allow for |                     |              |
|      |             | unlimited |                     |              |
|      |             | exposure  |                     |              |
|      |             | and       |                     |              |
|      |             | unr       |                     |              |
|      |             | estricted |                     |              |
|      |             | use.      |                     |              |
+------+-------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------+

^a^[Affected areas]{.underline} -- Specific locations identified in the
SRS LUCIP or subsequent post-ROD documents.

^b^[Property Record Notices]{.underline} -- Refers to any
non-enforceable, purely informational document recorded along with the
original property acquisition records of DOE and its predecessor
agencies that alerts anyone searching property records to important
information about residual contamination; waste disposal areas in the
property.

^c^[Property Record Restrictions]{.underline} -- Includes conditions
and/or covenants that restrict or prohibit certain uses of real property
and are recoded along with original property acquisition records of Doe
and its predecessor agencies.

^d^[Other Notices]{.underline} -- Includes information on the location
of waste disposal areas and residual contamination depicted on as survey
plat, which is provided to a zoning authority (i.e., city planning
commission) for consideration in appropriate zoning decisions for
non-DOE property.

^e^[Site Use Program]{.underline} -- Refers to the internal DOE/DOE
contractor administrative program(s) that requires the permit requestor
to obtain authorization, usually in the form of a permit, before
beginning any excavation/penetration activity (e.g., well drilling) for
the purpose of ensuring that the proposed activity will not affect
underground utilities/structures, or in the case contaminated soil or
groundwater, will not disturb the affected areas without the appropriate
precautions and safeguards.

^f^[Physical Access Controls]{.underline} -- Physical barriers or
restrictions to entry.

^g^[Signs]{.underline} -- Posted command, warning or direction.

Institutional controls will be implemented by:

-   Access controls to prevent exposure to on-site workers via the Site
    Use Program, Site Clearance Program, work control, worker training,
    worker briefing of health and safety requirements and identification
    signs located at the waste unit boundaries.

-   Access controls to prevent exposure to trespassers, as described in
    the 2000 RCRA Part B Permit Renewal Application, Volume I, Section
    F.1, which describes the security procedures and equipment, 24-hour
    surveillance system, artificial or natural barriers, control entry
    systems, and warning signs in place at the SRS boundary.

For remedies that include institutional controls, include the following
language:

In the long term, if the property is ever transferred to nonfederal
ownership, the US Government will take those actions necessary pursuant
to Section 120(h) of CERCLA. Those actions will include a deed
notification disclosing former waste management and disposal activities
as well as remedial actions taken on the site. The contract for sale and
the deed will contain the notification required by CERCLA Section
120(h). The deed notification shall, in perpetuity, notify any potential
purchaser that the property has been used for the management and
disposal of waste. These requirements are also consistent with the
intent of the RCRA deed notification requirements at final closure of a
RCRA facility if contamination will remain at the unit.

The deed shall also include deed restrictions precluding residential use
of the property. The deed shall contain provisions to ensure that
appropriate land use controls remain with the affected area upon any and
all transfers. However, the need for these deed restrictions may be
reevaluated at the time of transfer in the event that exposure
assumptions differ and/or the residual contamination no longer poses an
unacceptable risk under residential use. Any reevaluation of the need
for the deed restrictions will be done through an amended ROD with USEPA
and SCDHEC review and approval.

In addition, if the site is ever transferred to nonfederal ownership, a
survey plat of the OU will be prepared, certified by a professional land
surveyor, and recorded with the appropriate county recording agency.

The selected remedy for the [unit acronym or OU subunit name]{.mark}
leaves hazardous substances in place that pose a potential future risk
and will require land use restrictions for an indefinite period of time.
As agreed on March 30, 2000, among the USDOE, USEPA, and SCDHEC, SRS is
implementing a Land Use Control and Assurance Plan (LUCAP) to ensure
that the Land Use Controls (LUCs) required by numerous remedial
decisions at SRS are properly maintained and periodically verified. The
unit-specific LUCIP referenced in this ROD will provide details and
specific measures required to implement and maintain the LUCs selected
as part of this remedy. The USDOE is responsible for implementing,
maintaining, monitoring, reporting upon, and enforcing the LUCs selected
under this ROD. The LUCIP, developed as part of this action, will be
submitted concurrently with the CMI/RAIP, as required in the FFA for
review and approval by USEPA and SCDHEC. Upon final approval, the LUCIP
will be appended to the LUCAP and is considered incorporated by
reference into the ROD, establishing LUC implementation and maintenance
requirements enforceable under CERCLA and the *SRS Federal Facility
Agreement*. The approved LUCIP will establish implementation,
monitoring, maintenance, reporting, and enforcement requirements for the
unit. The LUCIP will remain in effect unless and until modifications are
approved as needed to be protective of human health and the environment.
The deed shall contain provisions to ensure that appropriate land use
controls remain with the affected area upon any and all transfers. The
LUCs shall be maintained until the concentration of hazardous substances
associated with the unit have been reduced to levels that allow for
unlimited exposure and unrestricted use. Approval by EPA and DHEC is
required for any modification or termination of the ICs.

USDOE has recommended that residential use of SRS land be controlled;
therefore, future residential use and potential residential water usage
will be restricted to ensure long-term protectiveness. Land use
controls, including institutional controls, will restrict the \[operable
unit name\] to future industrial use and will prohibit residential use
of the area. Unauthorized excavation will also be prohibited and the
waste unit will remain undisturbed. Land use controls selected as part
of this action will be maintained for as long as they are necessary and
termination of any land use controls will be subject to CERCLA
requirements for documenting changes in remedial actions.

The LUC objectives necessary to ensure the protectiveness of the
selected remedy are \[include the following list as appropriate\]

-   prevent contact, removal, or excavation of \[list media or
    components for specific waste unit, e.g. contaminated soil and
    pipelines, buried waste, etc.\]

-   preclude residential use of the area; and

-   prevent unauthorized access to contaminated groundwater in the area.

## Cost Estimate for the Selected Remedy {#cost-estimate-for-the-selected-remedy .unnumbered}

Present a detailed, activity-based breakdown of the estimated costs
associated with implementing and maintaining the remedy (include
estimated capital, O & M, and present worth costs, and the number of
years to completion of the remedy. All alternatives will have the same
time period for the purpose of calculating remedy cost estimates).

Standard language from guidance for Cost Estimate Disclaimer: The
information in this cost estimate summary table is based on the best
available information regarding the anticipated scope of the remedial
alternative. Changes in the cost elements are likely to occur as a
result of new information and data collected during the engineering
design of the remedial alternative. Major changes may be documented in
the form of a memorandum in the Administrative Record File, an ESD, or a
ROD amendment. This is an order-of-magnitude engineering cost estimate
that is expected to be within +50 to --30 percent of the actual project
cost.

## Estimated Outcomes of Selected Remedy {#estimated-outcomes-of-selected-remedy .unnumbered}

Brief description based on elements relevant to the unit.

Available land use(s) upon achieving remediation goals. Note timeframe
to achieve goals (e.g., commercial or light industrial use available in
3 years when cleanup levels are achieved).

Available groundwater use(s) upon achieving remediation goals. Note
timeframe to achieve goals (e.g., restricted use for industrial purposes
in TI waiver zone, drinking water use in non-TI zone upon achieving
cleanup levels in 100 years).

Final cleanup levels for each media (i.e., contaminant specific
remediation goals), basis for cleanup levels, and risk at cleanup levels
(if appropriate).

Anticipated environmental and ecological benefits (e.g., restoration of
sensitive ecosystems, protection of endangered species, protection of
wildlife populations, wetlands restoration).

## Waste Disposal and Transport {#waste-disposal-and-transport .unnumbered}

Include the following language to discuss waste management procedures.

-   All unused environmental samples may be returned to the waste site,
    within the Area of Contamination. This only includes samples that
    have had no preservatives added.

-   Decontamination solutions and rinsates from cleaning items intended
    for reuse or recycle (e.g., field sampling tools, equipment, or
    personal protective equipment) may be discharged to the ground
    surface at an area which will not runoff or cause erosion. This
    method for handling decontamination solutions does not require an
    engineering evaluation to determine a waste disposal strategy.
    Decontamination wash and rinse solutions typically include
    laboratory grade soap and deionized water, and laboratory grade
    isopropyl alcohol for residual organic compound stripping and tool
    drying. Any residual isopropyl alcohol must be containerized and
    combined with the soapy wash water before the solution is discharged
    to the ground surface, to avoid discharging an ignitable hazardous
    solution.

-   Environmental sampling boreholes may be abandoned by backfilling
    with native soil. This is regardless of the level of contamination.
    The soil will be placed in the borehole in the reverse order as
    removed, to maintain the original stratigraphy.

    If the OU has been identified in previous documents as being a RCRA
    listed waste site, include the following bullet also:

-   Environmental media that contains RCRA listed waste is subject to
    applicable RCRA requirements until determined to no longer contain
    hazardous waste. Environmental media and/or secondary waste will be
    determined to no longer contain listed hazardous waste by direct
    comparison to the Health Based Levels (HBLs) for soil and
    groundwater. The HBLs for soil are based on the lower of (1) the
    USEPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs) for the
    residential exposure scenario or (2) the RCRA toxicity
    characteristic level (due to the 20-fold dilution factor inherent in
    the TCLP analysis of solids, the RCRA TCLP values are multiplied by
    20). Due to the analytical method limitations, groundwater (as
    defined by South Carolina Regulation 61-68) HBLs are based on the
    higher of (1) MCLs, or (2) USEPA RCRA (SW-846) analytical minimum
    detection levels (MDLs).

# STATUTORY DETERMINATIONS

See the Statutory Determination section of the Declaration for text
options; these sections should coincide.

Based on the unit RFI/RI/BRA report, the [unit acronym]{.mark} poses a
threat to human health and the environment. Therefore, Alternative
[selected alternative number and title]{.mark} has been selected as the
remedy for the [unit acronym]{.mark}.

Include a statement indicating whether the unit does/does not contain
PTSM.

Explain how the remedy satisfies the requirements of Section 121 of
CERCLA:

-   Protection of human health and the environment

-   Compliance with key ARARs or justify a waiver (summarize in a table
    if appropriate)

-   Cost-effectiveness

-   Utilization of permanent solutions and alternative treatment
    (resource recovery) technologies to the maximum extent practicable
    (i.e., explain why the Selected Remedy represents the best options).

-   Preference for treatment as a principal element (or justify not
    meeting this preference). Excavation does not meet the standard for
    treatment.

-   Explain five-year remedy review requirements for the Selected
    Remedy.

-   Include the following language for remedial actions requiring a
    5-year remedy review:

Because this remedy will result in hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants remaining on-site above levels that allow for unlimited use
and unrestricted exposure, a statutory review will be conducted within
five years after initiation of remedial action to ensure that the remedy
is, or will be, protective of human health and the environment.

For an interim action, this section should address only those ARARs
specific for this action (e.g., residual management during
implementation). The discussion under "utilization of permanent
solutions and treatment to the maximum extent practicable" should
indicate that the interim action is not designed or expected to be
final, but that the selected remedy represents the best balance of
trade-offs among the alternatives with respect to pertinent criteria,
given the limited scope of the action. The discussion under the
"preference of treatment" section should note that the preference will
be addressed in the final decision document for the site or final
operable unit, although treatment components "that support the
preference" should be noted.

# EXPLANATION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

If there are no significant changes in the selected remedy from the
preferred alternative identified in the proposed plan, then insert the
following text.

"The remedy/remedies selected in this ROD do no contain any significant
changes from the preferred alternative(s) presented in the SB/PP (or PP
or IAPP as applicable). No comments were received during the public
comment period".

If there are significant changes in the selected remedy from the
preferred alternative identified in the proposed plan, then:

-   Discuss the preferred alternative originally presented in the
    proposed plan.

-   Describe the significant changes in the selected remedy.

-   Explain the rationale for the changes and how they could have been
    reasonably anticipated based on the information presented in the
    proposed plan.

# RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY

The Responsiveness Summary serves the dual purposes of (1) presenting
stakeholder concerns about the site and preferences regarding the
remedial alternatives, and (2) explaining how those concerns were
addressed and how the preferences were factored into the remedy
selection process. This discussion should cross-reference sections of
the Decision Summary that demonstrate how issues raised by the community
have been addressed. SRS CAB recommendations or comments made during the
public comment period should be summarized and responded to in the
Responsiveness Summary.

This section should include the following statement:

The Responsiveness Summary is included as Appendix A of this document.

# POST-ROD DOCUMENT SCHEDULE AND DESCRIPTION

Identify by bullets the major post-ROD submittals and attach a schedule.

For a final ROD, this section should include explicit statements telling
the reader when cleanup will start in the field and when cleanup is
scheduled for completion.

For an IROD, this section should include explicit statements telling the
reader when cleanup will start in the field, when cleanup is scheduled
for completion, any needed statements about a final Corrective Measures
Study/Feasibility Study to arrive at a proposed final remedy for the
site, a statement identifying the timing of the public comment period
for the final Statement of Basis/Proposed Plan and when the final ROD is
scheduled for approval.

# REFERENCES

Provide additional references that are listed in the ROD (or IROD).
(Those listed below are referenced in the generic ROD language and
should be retained).

FFA 1993. *Federal Facility Agreement for the Savannah River Site,*
Administrative Docket No. 89-05-FF (Effective Date: August 16, 1993)

USDOE 1994. *Public Involvement, A Plan for the Savannah River Site,*
Savannah River Operations Office, Aiken SC

**APPENDIX A - RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY**

Additional appendices can be added as needed.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc46133410 .anchor}APPENDIX A -\
RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY

**Responsiveness Summary**

The 45-day (or 30-day) public comment period for the Statement of
Basis/Proposed Plan (or Proposed Plan) for the [unit name]{.mark}
([bldg. no]{.mark}) began on [start date]{.mark} and ended on [end
date]{.mark}.

**Public Comments**

If no comments were received from the public, please state so.