**Fermilab Meson120 Experimental Areas**

**Safety Assessment Document / Experimental Area Readiness Review**

> **December 12, 2002**

Operated by Universities Research Association under contract with the US
Department Of Energy

**[SAFETY ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT]{.underline}**

**[READINESS REVIEW]{.underline}**

**[DOCUMENTATION FORM]{.underline}**

This form records the SAD review process required for operations at
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

**PSAD/SAD TITLE AND DATE:**

[Fermilab Meson120 Experimental Areas]{.underline}

[December 12, 2002]{.underline}

**THIS DOCUMENT DESCRIBES:**

New Facility \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ New Experiment
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Existing Facility \_\_\_\_\_[\_XX]{.underline}\_\_\_\_\_\_ Major
Modification \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Entire Program \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Decommissioning
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY:**

Safety Document Approval \_\_\_[XX]{.underline}\_\_ Authorization to
Operate Facility \_[XX]{.underline}\_\_

Project Leader/Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Fermilab Division/Section Head(s)/Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Fermilab Senior Laboratory Safety Officer/Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Fermilab Associate Director for Operations Support/Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

(if appropriate)

Fermilab Director/Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

(if appropriate)

> **Table of Contents**

I.
INTRODUCTION\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..............
4

A. Purpose, Location and Description of
Project\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 4

B. Organizational
Responsibilities\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\......
5

C. Environment, Safety and Health
(ES&H)\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 5

D. Safety Design
Criteria\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...........
5

II\. INVENTORY OF HAZARDS AND MITIGATION \...\...\...\...\...\....... 6

A. Radiation
Hazards\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...........
7

B. Electrical
Hazards\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...........
7

C.
Magnets\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.............
8

D. Mechanical
Hazards\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..........
8

E. Fire
Hazards\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\............
9

F. Toxic
Materials\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.........\...
10

G. Non-ionizing
Radiation\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.........
11

H. Radioactive
Sources\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...........
11

I. Oxygen Deficiency
Hazards\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\........
11

J. Industrial
Safety\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.............
12

K. Flooding
Protection\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...........
12

L. Emergency
Preparedness\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.........
12

M. Environmental Monitoring
Program\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 12

III\. READINESS FOR COMMISSIONING AND OPERATION\...\...\... 13

A. Experiment
Operations\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.........
13

B. Experiment ES&H
Reviews\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\........
16

C. Operational Readiness
Clearance\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....... 16

D. Qualification of
Personnel\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\......\...
17

E. Safety
Envelope\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..............
17

F. Decontamination and
Decommissioning\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\........17

IV\.
CONCLUSION\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....
........ 18

V.
REFERENCES\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...............
19

VI\. APPENDIX
A\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\............\...
20

VII\. APPENDIX
B........................\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.............
21

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Purpose, Location and Description of Project

Fermilab is operated by the Universities Research Association (URA) for
the US Department of Energy (DOE). The mission of Fermilab is to conduct
high energy particle physics and particle beam physics research.
Fermilab provides the world\'s highest energy beams for this type of
basic research. This mission is accomplished by the integration of
operational and safety concerns at all levels of the Laboratory
organization.

The 6,800 acre Fermilab site was acquired in the late 1960\'s by the
Atomic Energy Commission from the State of Illinois. The dividing line
between Kane County and DuPage passes through the site from north to
south with the majority of the site located in DuPage County.

**This Safety Assessment Document is meant to cover the period from 2002
to NuMI/MINOS turn-on in 2005. All of the experiments and tests that
will be running in the Meson120 Program will be reviewed by the Fixed
Target ES&H Review Committee and, following their recommendation,
approved by the Particle Physics Division Head before they can take
beam.** **It does not include an assessment of the beamlines, their
shielding, radiation, interlocks, beam surveys, monitors and radiation
impact on the environment, as these are now the responsibilities of the
Beams Division (BD).**

This SAD covers the Meson Test Beam Facility (MTBF) and Experiment 907
(E907). The test facility is located in the MTest beam and E907 in the
MCenter beamline. MTBF enables experimenters who are planning
experiments to test their detectors in an active beamline and also
permits detectors for other types of research (cosmic rays, etc.) to be
calibrated. E907(MIPP) --The Main Injector Particle Production
Experiment will measure the production of particles by the 120 GeV Main
Injector proton beam for the NuMI project targeting. It will also study
particle production by pions and kaons as well as protons to check or
derive scaling laws. A summary description of this experiment is given
in the 2002 Fermilab Research Program Workbook1.

These experiments and tests all have one or more of the following
devices: a target, charged particle tracking detectors, particle
identification detectors and calorimetric detectors. Some experiments
use evacuated vessels or helium filled bags to minimize the amount of
material in the beam or experiment detectors. These devices pose hazards
which are not routinely accepted by the public and are described in
Section II.

The character of the hazards associated with these planned experiments
are all similar, but vary in magnitude. This has also been the case with
experiments conducted in the past, and will likely be the case in the
near future. The Fermilab Director may approve additional experiments
for this run. New experiments are screened for hazards prior to
approval. Such experiments would be similar in ES&H impact to those
described here.

B. Organizational Responsibilities

1\. DOE: The Manager, CH, has been delegated the responsibility and the
authority for the Field Management Oversight of the Fixed Target Run,
which includes the line management authority, responsibility, and
accountability for overall project administration and contract
administration. The Manager, Fermi Group (FG), administers the URA-DOE
contract and exercises day-to-day oversight of Fermilab, and has been
delegated all the responsibility and authority for execution of the
project.

2\. Fermilab: Fermilab is responsible for the design, construction,
installation, and operation of accelerators and experiments. The
Fermilab Director retains ultimate authority over, and responsibility
for, the achievement of the cost and goals for this project. Particle
Physics Division (PPD), with support responsibilities carried out by the
existing Fermilab service groups including: the Business Services
Section, the Facilities Engineering Services Section, the ES&H Section,
the Beams Division and the Technical Support Division, is primarily
responsible for the experiments.

C. Environment, Safety and Health (ES&H)

The responsibility for the ES&H related aspects of the fixed target
experiments has been assigned by the Director to the PPD Head. In
carrying out those responsibilities, he is expected to establish and
maintain an auditable ES&H program that is consistent with appropriate
aspects of ES&H such as construction safety, environmental protection,
industrial safety, fire protection, and radiation safety. To implement
these responsibilities, the PPD Head has appointed a Senior Safety
Officer as the principal person responsible for the ES&H issues relating
to the commissioning and operation of experiments.

A parallel staff responsibility for ES&H at Fermilab rests with the
Fermilab ES&H Section, which is responsible for monitoring programs and
conducting audits of the implementation of the Laboratory\'s ES&H
policies and procedures. The Fermilab ES&H Section has the
responsibility to conduct reviews of new projects to assure that ES&H
requirements are met. The Integrated Safety Management Plan2 and Chapter
2010 of the Fermilab Environment Safety and Health Manual (FESHM)3
describe the formal review procedures established by the Laboratory,
including the review procedures for this document, to assure that
facilities (such as this) and their operations comply with Fermilab ES&H
standards. The Fermilab Radiological Control Manual (FRCM)4 specifies a
set of physical and administrative conditions that define the boundary
conditions for safe operation of the facility.

A number of ES&H and operations manuals and handbooks have been
developed at Fermilab. They include the following: FESHM, Fermilab
Emergency Plan,5 FRCM, and PPD Operating Manual.6

D. Safety Design Criteria

The design criteria utilized by the designers of this project are the
applicable Fermilab Standards7 as specified by the URA-DOE contract. The
experimental areas are required to conform fully to the requirements
imposed by all applicable Federal, State and local legal laws, orders,
and regulations concerning the Environment, Safety and Health. The
Fermilab ES&H Manual incorporates the applicable external requirements
with internal standards and requirements and thus represents the full
set of ES&H requirements used at Fermilab. When no specific codes or
Fermilab standards exist, the designers use best engineering practices
and peer review during the design stage.

II\. INVENTORY OF HAZARDS AND MITIGATION

Operation of the experimental areas requires a variety of support
functions and facilities. These include engineering, design,
fabrication, installation and maintenance of experiment equipment. Many
of these activities are routinely accepted by the public and are not
described. Those which pose unusual hazards are described in this
section.

All experiments use targets to produce the final particles which the
experiment studies. Targets are constructed of light and heavy metals,
ranging from beryllium to lead, cryogenic liquids such as hydrogen, or
gas jets. Some targets such as beryllium pose toxic material hazards.
Cryogenic targets pose thermal, oxygen deficiency and possibly flammable
material hazards.

Most experiments use wire chambers to determine the trajectory of
charged particles pro­duced by the target. A wire chamber consists of
many planes of fine wires at high voltage immersed in a volume of gas.
Wire chambers range in size from several cm2 to sev­eral m2. Flammable
and non-flammable gas mixtures are used. Wire chambers using flammable
gas mixtures pose a fire hazard. Wire chambers do not function unless
the oxygen concentration in the gas is less than several parts per
million. A variant of the wire chamber design is the proportional tube
or straw tube. These chambers restrict the gas to a small cylindrical
volume around each wire. Otherwise, the function and degree of hazard is
the same as wire chambers.

Most experiments use solid or liquid tracking detectors for triggering
on charged particles. Solid tracking detectors are constructed of
plastic with a small admixture of a scintillating material. Liquid
tracking detectors use mineral oil with a small quantity of liquid
scintillat­ing material. These detectors pose a fire hazard only in large
quantities.

Particle identification detectors all use non-flammable gases to measure
the velocity of charged particles. The most commonly used particle
identification detector is the Cerenkov counter, which detects the light
produced by charged particles traversing a gas volume. Cerenkov counters
pose oxygen deficiency and confined space hazards. In some
in­stallations, gas pressure in the Cerenkov counter is such that a
pressure or vacuum vessel is required.

Large analysis magnets are used in concert with tracking detectors to
determine charged particle momentum. Analysis magnets may have several
m2 of aperture, and pose DC mag­netic field hazards to individuals with
pacemakers. Kinetic energy hazards are also present due to flying
objects or tools left in or near the magnet aperture.

Finally, calorimeters are used to measure neutral particle energy and
position. Two broad types of detectors are used, hadronic calorimeters
and electromagnetic calorimeters. Hadronic calorimeters measure a
fraction of the particle energy deposited in layers of iron, lead or
tungsten. Wire chambers, proportional tubes, or liquid argon detectors
are placed between the layers to measure the energy produced in the
shower. Electromagnetic calorimeters are generally constructed of lead
glass or cesium iodide which serve the dual purpose of interaction
material and detector. Calorimeters of both types pose hazards from
toxic materials (lead), thermal and oxygen deficiency (liquid argon),
and fire hazards (wire chambers with flammable gas).

Wire chambers and calorimeters use a mixture of commercially available
equipment and specially designed electronics to amplify the small
signals produced in these detectors. Most experiments use pre-amplifiers
located on the detector. Amplified signals are routed to signal
processing electronics located in relay racks in the experiment hall or
in the experi­ment\'s control room. Detector electronics pose electrical
fire hazards in the use of high current low voltage power systems.

A. Radiation Hazards

As noted above all radiation hazards relating to beam operations safety
are the responsibility of the Beams Division. This includes all
beamlines, their shielding, radiation, interlocks, beam surveys,
monitors and impact of radiation on the environment and is addressed in
the Fermilab Fixed Target Beamlines Safety Assessment Document.8

Personnel and experimenters who work in experimental halls under PPD
control will be trained in accordance with requirements set forth in
FRCM4. All radiological work, posting, labeling and monitoring in
experimental halls will be conducted in accordance with requirements
described in FRCM. All experiments within PPD will participate in
Fermilab's ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) program as described
in Chapter 3 of FRCM.

B. Electrical Hazards

The electrical hazards encountered in the Fixed Target Experimental
Areas are similar in nature to the existing hazards in the other areas
at Fermilab. These hazards are high voltage power supplies, low voltage
high current supplies, and distributed ac power to components. All
equipment where the potential for serious injury exists is equipped with
some means of disconnect and lockout as outlined in Section 5120 of the
Fermilab ES&H Manual. This design feature enables operating and
maintenance personnel to work safely on equipment. The disconnect
switches are located as close to the equipment as practical. All
electrical equipment is installed following the appropriate NEC
standards and OSHA Regulations indicated in the Fermilab ES&H Manual
(Sections 5040, 5120, and 7010).

Electrical bus work in beamlines and experiments is either protected by
physical barriers or is automatically de-energized by the interlock
system prior to personnel access to the area. Power supplies that feed
power to exposed conductors are required by the Fermilab ES&H manual to
be connected into the electrical interlock systems.

In addition to the common electrical hazards described above, most
experiment electronics systems utilize low voltage (\~5 VDC) high
current (\~200 amps) electronic power distribution systems which may
initiate a fire if not properly protected. Although the potential for
personal injury is slight, the potential for property loss and mission
impact is not negligible. To address this concern, such systems must
comply with Chapter 5046 of the Fermilab ES&H Manual.

In summary, electrical hazards have the potential for no more than minor
impact on-site and negligible impact off-site.

C. Magnets

Analysis magnets require cooling water for safe operation. Closed loop
cooling water systems which may experience freezing temperatures use
anti-freezing agents. In addition to this toxic hazard, kinetic energy
hazards exist from motors and pumps, and potential energy hazards in the
piping systems. Analysis magnets also require DC currents of several
thousand amps. Air or water cooled power supplies for magnets are
located in service buildings. Magnets, power supplies and associated
cables or busswork pose electrical, fire and magnetic field hazards.
Environmental guidelines outlined in the Fermilab ES&H Manual are
followed.

Exposure limits and controls for exposure to static magnetic fields are
established in Chapter 5062.2 (Static Magnetic Fields) of the Fermilab
ES&H Manual. The limits are those recommended by the American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).9 During normal operation,
magnets in enclosures may be powered only in non-access modes. This
precaution eliminates the magnetic field hazards under these conditions.
During commissioning of an experiment, access is permitted with special
precautions to determine magnet polarities. The Particle Physics
Division ES&H group surveys all experiment halls for stray magnetic
fields which may exceed the above limits and posts these areas
appropriately.

In summary, magnetic hazards pose the potential for not more than minor
on-site impact and negligible off-site impact.

D. Mechanical Hazards

The mechanical components used in the Fixed Target Experimental Areas
are similar in scope to components designed and built successfully in
the past at Fermilab. The design of these components conforms to the
standards detailed (or referenced) in Chapter 5 of the FESHM.

High pressure gas systems and pressure vessels as well as large vacuum
tanks with thin windows give rise to potential mechanical hazards. A
policy for safety reviews for all such vessels has been established at
the Laboratory and is outlined in Chapters 5031 and 5033 of the Fermilab
ES&H Manual. The Laboratory\'s policy requires that vessels purchased by
Fermilab be fabricated in accordance with the American Society for
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code, Section VIII. Vessels built at
Fermilab are required to be designed to the requirements of the ASME
code and reviewed by an independent, qualified reviewer other than the
designer and preferably from another group not reporting to the designer
or the designer\'s supervisor. Engineering Notes, which are required of
all vessels in use at Fermilab, include details of design calculations,
materials specifications, test data, operating procedures and welding
information. These Engineering Notes are all retained by the Fermilab
ES&H Section. The Laboratory Director is authorized to grant an
exception from the Laboratory policy if that exception is explained and
analyzed in the Engineering Notes. The documentation of these exceptions
is on file in the ES&H Section. In summary, by ensuring that all
pressure and vacuum vessels are designed and constructed to meet
nationally accepted standards and local codes the risks presented to
personnel and the general public are minor on site and negligible off
site.

Kinetic energy hazards are those associated with rotating machinery and
the operation of hand and shop tools. Kinetic energy sources exist in
several facilities. The hazards are mitigated by code compliance (e.g.
OSHA machine guarding). As a result, all kinetic energy hazards are
standard industrial or occupational in nature and have no effect outside
the experimental areas. Potential energy hazards are those associated
with compressed gases and pressurized liquid containers, as well as
those associated with hoisting and rigging operations. These hazards are
all standard industrial or occupational in nature, handled by compliance
with applicable codes, and thus have no effect outside the experimental
areas.

Some experiments also use mechanical transporters which present similar
hazards. With the exception of beamline and experiment checkout, such
devices in beamline enclosures are rarely operated while personnel are
present. Devices which present pinch point hazards in occupied areas are
appropriately guarded. Lockout/tagout procedures are used when
performing maintenance on these devices. We consider these hazards to be
routinely encountered and accepted by the general public.

Cryogenic liquids (See section "I" of this chapter.) and heat sources,
such as soldering irons, exist in most facilities. Contact with cryogen
materials due to spills or splashes may cause freezing of or cryogenic
"burns" to sensitive tissues such as the eyes and to exposed flesh. This
is considered to be an occupational hazard with no effect outside the
experimental areas. Similarly, heat sources are very limited in scope
and also pose only an occupational hazard within the facility, and no
off-site impact.

Fermilab is located in an area of minor earthquake risk. Mechanical
structures and supports are designed and built according to nationally
accepted building codes to handle forces resulting from such
earthquakes.

### E. Fire Hazards

The Fire Safety requirements that are stated in Chapter 6000 of the
Fermilab ES&H Manual and the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code guide the
operation, maintenance, and modification of the Fixed Target
Experimental Areas. Various fire protection systems are incorporated and
upgraded on an as-needed basis throughout the experimental areas
including automatic sprinklers, smoke detectors, pull boxes, alarm
sirens, and fire suppression systems. A computerized Fermilab Incident
Reporting and Utility System, FIRUS, monitors installed primary fire
alarm systems. Fire protection related equipment or status that is
monitored by FIRUS includes: smoke and heat detectors, sprinkler flows,
fire suppression systems, pull stations, incipient fire detection
systems, back-up power turbines, and water pressure booster pumps. FIRUS
also monitors other equipment not related to fire protection. This
equipment and its status concern installed site utility and security
systems. FIRUS monitoring capability is routinely added to all new
and/or upgraded primary alarm fire systems.

The Fixed Target Experimental Area buildings and tunnels are constructed
primarily of non-combustible material. Some installed components present
a limited combustible hazard. The primary hazard is from the numerous
power and/or signal cables that are distributed throughout the
buildings. Cable penetrations are plugged to protect against the spread
of fire.

Gas mixing sheds have been designed according to industry standards.
Specifically, the buildings have been designed in accordance with NFPA
codes, the piping in accordance with ASME B31.3, pressure vessels in
accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and electrical
systems in accordance with NEC Chapter 5. The portions of the gas system
inside the building have been designed in accordance with the above
codes whenever practical. However, by design experiment detectors
contain high voltages immersed in flammable gas mixtures. Because of
this, a small localized explosion hazard which could result in equipment
damage does exist; however this hazard presents minimal risk to
personnel. This has been demonstrated through more than two decades of
operation at Fermilab with no incidents of fire due to flammable gas.
Since no statutory or external codes exist to control the hazard due to
flammable gases in a research environment, the laboratory has developed
the Fermilab ES&H Manual Chapter 6020.3.

General housekeeping is an accepted responsibility of line management
throughout the experiment halls. Additionally, the Building Manager
program and scheduled walk-through inspections of all areas contributes
to the monitoring and minimization of excessive accumulations of
flammable and combustible materials. Minimization of excess material and
proper housekeeping for the beamline enclosures is specifically
addressed by radiation worker training and waste minimization practices.
Specially designed cabinets for the storage of flammable materials are
available throughout the facility. Especially hazardous operations, such
as welding, cutting, and brazing are regulated by appropriate permits
that accommodate line management and Particle Physics Division ES&H
group oversight.

To mitigate the hazards associated with fires, all of the buildings are
protected by sprinklers and have installed fire/smoke detectors for
early warning. Fire alarms are monitored by the Facility Incident
Reporting and Utility System (FIRUS) which is continually monitored on a
twenty-four hour basis by the manned Communications Center which in turn
dispatches the Fire Department and other emergency services.

In summary, flammable materials have the potential for no more than
minor impact on-site and negligible impact off-site.

F. Toxic Materials

Lead is sometimes used in experiments for targets and as interaction
material in calorimeters. Other toxic and hazardous materials are used
in small quantities

Whenever possible, lead and beryllium objects are wrapped in plastic to
prevent accidental exposure to personnel. Work sites within the
experimental areas are monitored by the Particle Physics Division ES&H
personnel to ensure adherence to procedures developed for these
materials. The experiment hazard screening process identifies the
maximum inventory of these and other toxic materials planned for future
experiments. The control of toxic material hazards is addressed through
the application of the relevant OSHA standards and other applicable
standards (such as ANSI and ACGIH) and the appropriate Chapters of the
Fermilab ES&H Manual: Chapter 5052.3 for lead and Chapter 5052.5 for
beryllium.

In summary, toxic materials have the potential for no more than minor
impact on-site and negligible impact off-site.

G. Non-ionizing Radiation

Lasers are used in some experiments to provide light sources for
detector calibration. Their use is governed by the rules found in
section 5062.1 of the Fermilab ES&H Manual. Most lasers are Class I or
Class II. Typically an ultraviolet laser is used to illuminate a small
piece of scintillating plastic which fluoresces to create visible light.
The visible light is transmitted through numerous optical fibers to
various parts of the detector. The following measures are in place to
control this hazard: 1) the laser is mounted inside a housing which must
be disassembled for direct exposure to the ultra-violet light to occur,
2) the housing is posted with the appropriate laser warning signs, 3)
the visible light intensity through the optical fibers is well below any
level of concern. In summary, non-ionizing radiation has the potential
for no more than minor impact on-site and negligible impact off-site.

H. Radioactive Sources

Radioactive sources are used extensively by experiments for calibration
and testing of detectors. Commonly used sources are Co-60, Sr-90,
Cs-137, Fe-55 and Ru-106. Radioactive source controls described in the
Fermilab Radiological Control Manual include requirements on 1) source
accountability records to be maintained by the ES&H Section, 2) ES&H
Section notification and supervision for changes in use, storage,
transfer, disposal or loss, 3) labeling, 4) source cabinets and source
monitors responsible for issuing sources to users, and 5) source
procurement. Radioactive source monitors and source users will be
trained in accordance with requirements set forth in Chapter 4 of the
FRCM. Radioactive sources pose a contamination hazard if they are not
handled properly. Contamination hazard is mitigated by following
policies set forth in FRCM.

The hazards presented by radioactive sources are such that the potential
impacts to personnel are minor on site and negligible off site.

I. Oxygen Deficiency Hazards

As there are no cryogenic magnets in the fixed target run experimental
areas, so there are no oxygen deficiency hazards (ODH) induced
therefrom. Other gas filled equipment such as Cerenkov counters,
cryogenic targets or large helium bags, etc. could cause an ODH
condition.

The Laboratory has developed a policy and procedures for addressing
potential oxygen deficiency hazards. The objective of the policy is to
require that in potential ODH areas the probability of a significant
accident shall be clearly below the value for workers in U.S. industry
as a whole. This policy is detailed in FESHM. The ODH policy requires a
calculation for each such work area and specifies the appropriate
administrative controls and protective measures to be followed. Each
operation or event with the potential for causing oxygen deficiency in a
given area is evaluated for its probability of occurrence and the
associated ODH consequences. In addition, buildings adjacent to
potential event areas, which have a leakage path, are also evaluated.
The appropriate ODH Class is then assigned.

J. Industrial Safety

Industrial safety hazards are mitigated by utilizing trained and
qualified Fermilab task managers to oversee any trade personnel hired to
perform the installation or removal of equipment. The Fermilab task
managers are experts in their particular area and all of them receive
the appropriate level of OSHA training. All of the OSHA and Fermilab
requirements are followed during all phases of the operation of this
facility.

The only confined spaces are those associated with the sump pits and
equipment manholes spaced throughout the enclosures. The confined-space
issues are dealt with by trained maintenance personnel (Facility
Engineering Services Section (FESS) personnel) who have prescribed
procedures and training for performing maintenance in these areas. See
FESHM Chapter 5063 for further details regarding confined spaces.

K. Flooding Protection

The experimental enclosures have sump water-level alarms with remote
status readout through FIRUS system monitors in the Communications
Center. In the event of a high water alarm, an access is made into the
enclosure by FESS personnel to verify the alarm and to repair faulty
sump pumps. Flooding in these enclosures does not pose a threat to
personnel safety but does represent a minor threat to equipment. During
extended power outages under conditions where water accumulation is
possible, the enclosures are inspected, and if necessary temporary sump
pumps powered by mobile generators can be installed.

L. Emergency Preparedness

No new categories of emergency scenarios are introduced as a result of
the operation of this program. In accordance with the Fermilab Emergency
Plan,5 the Laboratory remains in a state of readiness to respond to any
type of emergency that may arise in this area, and has long-standing
mutual aid agreements for additional emergency support from surrounding
municipalities, if necessary. The laboratory\'s Fire Department
personnel have familiarized themselves with the layout of the
Experimental Areas and understand how to gain access to an area in the
event of an emergency. As new Fermilab or user personnel are assigned to
work in the experimental areas, they are trained on the emergency
response procedures and how to summon aid.

Fermilab is located in a tornado area and is occasionally subject to
severe weather in the form of high winds and heavy rains. The Fermilab
Emergency Plan^5^ prescribes procedures to be followed in the event of a
tornado on or near the Fermilab site. Tornado shelter areas have been
designated in all of the Experimental Areas buildings. Fermilab has a
site-wide warning and notification system.

M. Environmental Monitoring Program

The strategy for environmental monitoring and surveillance at Fermilab
is established in the Fermilab Environmental Monitoring Plan. This plan
outlines a program that ensures compliance with legal and regulatory
requirements, confirms adherence with permit conditions, provides data
for permit revision/renewal, detects unplanned releases to the
environment, and provides data to support environmental management
decisions. The comprehensive site-wide monitoring plan assesses the
effect of past, current, and future activities by measuring and
monitoring effluents and emissions from Fermilab operations and by
calculating the effects of those operations on the environment and
public health. An important consideration in the development and
implementation of the monitoring plan has been to ensure that the
monitoring activities at specific sites are consistent with individual
facility operations.

The scope of the environmental surveillance conducted on-site
encompasses potential and identified effluents to air, surface waters,
drinking water, storm and sanitary sewers, soil, and ground water and
includes analysis for both chemicals and beam produced radionuclides.
Penetrating radiation outside of the accelerator and beamline shielding
is also monitored. Numerous samples are collected and analyzed according
to a pre-defined schedule. Measured concentrations of radioactive
materials and chemicals are compared to applicable standards,
concentration guides, natural levels, and previous results. A detailed
description of the environmental monitoring and surveillance program can
be found in The Fermilab Environmental Monitoring Plan. More information
about the radiation protection program can be found in the Fermilab
Radiological Control Manual. The Fermilab Site Environmental Report,
which is prepared for each calendar year, contains an annual summary of
monitoring results, subsequent exposure pathway analysis, and dose
assessment where applicable.

III\. Readiness For Commissioning and Operation

A. Experiment Operations

Experiments are conducted by personnel who are generally not Fermilab
employees. These personnel form a collaboration which designates a
Spokesperson to represent the experiment in interactions with the
laboratory. The Spokesperson also has limited ES&H responsibilities
which are specified in Chapter 1030 of the Fermilab ES&H Manual. As a
consequence of these considerations, the review, approval and operation
of experiments is distinct from that for beamlines. The following
sub-sections, from the Procedures for Experiments document, describe
Particle Physics Division and experiment collaboration responsibilities
during the entire life cycle of the experiment.

A.1. Experiment Proposal

Upon the receipt of an experiment proposal, the Director\'s Office
notifies Particle Physics Division management of the need for an impact
statement. The impact statement identifies the potential PPD commitment
required to conduct the experiment, i.e. cost, manpower requirements,
and ES&H impact. A list of potential hazards is compiled using a
standard Hazard Identification Checklist supplied by the experiment
spokesperson along with the proposal. The impact statement assists the
Particle Physics Division head in recommending approval or denial of the
experiment to the director. The impact statement is usually drafted by
Particle Physics Division personnel familiar with the experiment and
beamline. The impact statement is used solely for estimating and is not
a binding document. In addition, the Particle Physics Division head is
responsible for notifying the director of any scientific or technical
concerns with the experiment proposal, i.e. achievability of physics
goals and technical specifications.

A.2. Stage I Approval

The director grants Stage I approval to an experiment based on the
information in division/section impact statements and advice from the
Physics Advisory Committee. Following Stage I approval, the Director\'s
Office distributes a draft Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to the
experiment collaboration and affected divisions and sections. The
Particle Physics Division head is responsible for ensuring that Particle
Physics Division commitments specified in the MOU are achievable and are
consistent with the division mission and budget. During this phase, the
experiment collaboration and Fermilab divisions and sections refine the
technical specifications and cost estimates.

Also during this phase, a determination is made by the Particle Physics
Division head whether the hazards associated with the proposed
experiment will be suitably addressed by an existing SAD from a previous
experiment. To accomplish this goal, the Hazard Identification Checklist
is expanded into a Preliminary Hazards Assessment, which is then
compared to all existing experiment Safety Envelopes. There are two
possible outcomes from this comparison:

1\. The hazards associated with the planned experiment are not different
in character or magnitude from those described in an existing SAD.
Particle Physics Division will document this determination and request
concurrence from the ES&H Section and the directorate. With this
determination made, Particle Physics Division may authorize all
succeeding phases of the experiment.

2\. The hazards are significantly different in character or magnitude
from those described by an existing SAD. In this situation, a new SAD
must be developed, or an existing SAD expanded, to describe the controls
for the new hazards.

A.3. Stage II Approval

When the costs and Laboratory impacts of the experiment are fully
understood, the director may grant Stage II approval. Stage II approval
is an agreement in principle to sign a Memorandum of Understanding with
the experiment collaboration. From the Particle Physics Division
perspective, the MOU describes the Particle Physics Division commitments
to the experiment collaboration. The MOU may also specify a liaison
physicist who provides a communication path between the experiment
collaboration and Particle Physics Division.

When Stage II approval is granted by the director, and an MOU exists,
the experiment achieves [installation/checkout]{.underline} status.
During this phase, detector design, construction, installation and
checkout are completed. All equipment regardless of its origin must be
built according to the appropriate local codes, including the Fermilab
ES&H Manual. Each experimental hall has a building manager who is
responsible for ensuring compliance with building related safety rules
and codes.

Also during this phase, Particle Physics Division is responsible for
conducting ES&H reviews of those systems that have unusual hazards as
identified in the Preliminary Hazard Assessment. Documentation of these
reviews is the first part of the Operational Readiness Clearance (ORC).
The ORC process is described in detail below and permits operation of
subsystems for checkout purposes before full commissioning of the
experiment.

A.4. Commissioning

As detector subsystems are installed, the experiment must request a
review of these systems before they may be commissioned. Following the
review and any necessary corrections, a partial Operational Readiness
Clearance (ORC) will be granted by the Particle Physics Division head
for these subsystems. When all subsystems are installed and individually
approved to operate, the subsystem permits are combined with additional
requirements to justify the final ORC. The Particle Physics Division
head grants approval to [commission]{.underline} the experiment with
beam when the final ORC documentation is complete. Note that
commissioning of the beamline may occur prior to approval of the
experiment ORC.

A.5. Operation

Commissioning is concluded and [operation]{.underline} begins when the
experiment spokesperson declares to the Program Planning office of the
Directorate that the experiment is taking physics quality data. During
operation, the experiment\'s primary contact with Particle Physics
Division is through the liaison physicist, who provides or arranges
services such as emergency repairs of equipment and coordinating
emergency technician, alignment services and T&M requests.

A.6. Complete/Inactive

The Program Planning office declares an experiment
[complete]{.underline} when it has received it\'s allotted integrated
beam or hours of operation specified in the MOU.

An experiment is [inactive]{.underline} when all unusual hazards
associated with the operation of the experiment have been removed. Upon
completion of the experiment, an inspection is performed by Particle
Physics Division to ensure that flammable gas systems are inoperative,
mechanical transporters are locked out, pressure and vacuum vessels are
vented, etc. The only experiment hazards remaining during the inactive
state are those routinely accepted by the general public.

During this phase, the Director makes a decision to decommission the
experiment or to authorize modifications and improvements for future
running. Note that subsystems may be operated for testing purposes after
a review and with the approval of the Particle Physics Division head.

A.7. Decommissioning

An experiment is in the [decommission]{.underline} state when the
director has decided to remove the experiment detector. During this
phase, detector subsystems provided by outside collaborating
institutions are removed from the laboratory, and Fermilab owned
equipment is made available for use in other experiments. Particle
Physics Division is responsible for ensuring that Particle Physics
Division supplied equipment is properly retained and stored for future
use.

B. Experiment ES&H Reviews

As described above, the Particle Physics Division head is responsible
for all ES&H aspects of experiment operation. ES&H reviews are the
primary means of ensuring that experiments are designed, installed and
operated according to good ES&H practices. The starting point for ES&H
reviews is the Preliminary Hazard Assessment which identifies all
equipment that poses unusual hazards. ES&H reviews are conducted by
ad-hoc or standing review committees that report their results to the
Particle Physics Division head. Reviews are conducted with the following
philosophy:

1\. All new equipment meeting criteria as specified in the Fermilab ES&H
Manual and designed at Fermilab must pass a design review prior to
construction.

2\. Collaborating institutions are responsible for conducting design
level reviews for all new equipment built by outside institutions.

3\. Unmodified, previously used equipment does not require a design
level review.

4\. ALL equipment will receive an inspection prior to commissioning.

The depth of ES&H reviews is determined by the ES&H Review Committee
chair, Particle Physics Division senior safety officer, and Particle
Physics Division management to ensure adherence to federal, DOE and
Laboratory standards and to be consistent with good engineering
practices.

C. Operational Readiness Clearance (ORC)

The Operational Readiness Clearance is a permit approved by the Particle
Physics Division head for commissioning and operation of an experiment
system and/or an entire detector. To facilitate experiment checkout, the
experiment may desire that sub-systems be approved for commissioning
prior to commissioning of the entire detector. As experiment checkout
progresses and partial ORC\'s are granted for systems, all subsystems
will be approved and operating. Prior to initial data taking with beam,
the Particle Physics Division head must grant a final ORC which has the
following components:

1\. Copies of sign-offs from ES&H review committee(s). (This is a
collection of partial ORC\'S)

2\. Particle Physics Division determination statement that the
experiment is covered by an existing or new SAD. (This statement
specifies that the experiment complies with the requirements of a
specific version of a Safety Assessment Document.)

3\. Particle Physics Division determination statement of the need for an
experiment Conduct of Operations document. (This statement documents the
determination that sufficient engineered controls are in place to
obviate the need for formal Conduct of Operations.)

4\. Copy of an experiment hazard communications document.

5\. Verification statement from spokesperson that any required
procedures are approved and in effect. (In the unlikely event that
safety procedures are required, the experiment must demonstrate to the
Particle Physics Division head that these procedures are in place and
that appropriate training has been given.)

6.  Copy of the commissioning beamline Running Condition.

D. Qualification Of Personnel

The Particle Physics Division has a long-standing, well-documented and
up-to-date training program for its personnel and users, consisting of
reading materials, video tapes, lectures, walk-arounds and on-the-job
training (OJT). Personnel training records are maintained by the ES&H
Section.

E. Safety Envelope

The following items are the components of the safety envelop for these
experiments:

1\. The experiments shall be operated only with an approved Operational
Readiness Clearance (ORC) or signed permits for specific subsystems.

2\. The maximum beam allowed in the beamlines for each of the
experiments is in compliance with the Fermilab Radiological Control
Manual4 as addressed in the Fermilab Fixed Target Switchyard120 Safety
Assessment Document.8

.

F. Decontamination and Decommissioning

It is the policy of Fermilab to maintain information necessary for
future decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of any or all of the
facilities at the Laboratory. The eventual D&D will be done in
accordance with the provisions of FESHM, Chapter 8070.

The Head of the Fermilab Particle Physics Division is responsible for
assuring that the requirements of the D&D policy are followed for the
fixed-target experiments; this includes the responsibility to inform the
Laboratory\'s Senior Environmental Protection Officer, who is
responsible for the Laboratory\'s master D&D files, concerning any
activities affecting possible future D&D activities. Regularly updated
\"as built\" drawings, are maintained by the Facilities Engineering
Support Section. Accelerator and beamline facility usage records are
maintained and updated annually. The Senior Environmental Protection
Officer is notified of any changes of facility usage, for inclusion in
the D&D files.

All actions taken to decontaminate a facility or to fix contamination
prior to actual D&D work are documented by the laboratory organization
which supervises the D&D work. The procedures to be used for maintaining
D&D documentation are described in the Fermilab ES&H Manual. The
Fermilab Low Level Waste Certification Plan describes the Fermilab
program for managing radioactive and mixed wastes. It is written to
satisfy the requirements of DOE and the Hanford Site for disposal of
waste at Hanford, the DOE-approved waste disposal site for Fermilab.

Examples of typical types of information which are included in D&D files
are as follows:

1\. Location and magnitude of radioactivity - in soil, structures,
shielding materials, and liquids such as closed-loop cooling systems;
and

2\. Location of chemicals, and other pollutants.

For many years the Laboratory has been carrying out comprehensive
programs for the handling, storage, and disposal of both radioactive
wastes and hazardous chemical wastes. The various waste programs are
described in the Fermilab Radiological Control Manual and the Fermilab
ES&H Manual.

IV\. Conclusion

On the basis of the discussion in this Safety Assessment Document, it is
concluded that

operation of the experiments in the Fermilab Meson120 Experimental Areas
will have negligible impact on the health and safety of the public and
negligible impact on the environment. As stated above, all of these
experiments will be reviewed and approved for fixed target running.
There will be minor or negligible impact from radiation hazards,
electrical hazards, and conventional hazards on the health and safety of
operating personnel and negligible impact on the health and safety of
all other Laboratory personnel.

> V. ReferenceS
>
> 1\. 2002 Fermilab Research Program Workbook
>
> 2\. Fermilab Integrated Safety Management Plan.
>
> 3\. Fermilab Environment, Safety and Health Manual.
>
> 4\. Fermilab Radiological Control Manual.
>
> 5\. Fermilab Emergency Plan.
>
> 6\. Particle Physics Division Operating Manual
>
> 7\. Fermilab N&S Standards Pilot: Table I - Issues and Standards
> Spreadsheet
>
> 8\. Fermilab Fixed Target Switchyard120 Safety Assessment Document
> (2002)
>
> 9\. ACGIH - Threshold Limiting Values for Static Magnet Fields

**Appendix A**

Hazards associated with facilities in the Meson 120 project.

1\. **Meson Test Beam Facility**. The MTBF has the following specific
hazards associated with its infrastructure: a) vacuum windows, b)
pressurized or evacuated vesels, c) pressurized gas systems, including a
gas shed, d) mechanical movers, e) distributed electrical systems. All
of these hazards meet the specifications defined above and will be
reviewed by the Particle Physics Division safety committee for
Operational Readiness Clearance. Each separate installation of test
equipment identified by its own MOU will also be reviewed by the same
committee and receive its ORC before allowing beam to be delivered.

2.  **E907 (MIPP):** E907 (MIPP) has the following equipment that will
    be reviewed by the safety committee before an Operational Readiness
    Clearance can be given: magnets with their power supplies,
    pressurized or evacuated vessels, hydrogen and various other
    targets, drift chambers, a calorimeter and a time projection
    chamber. Appendix B lists the specific hazards that these may
    present.

# 

# 

**Appendix B**

# 

# 

# *E907 Hazard Identification Checklist*

3\. Items for which there is anticipated need have been checked

  ------------ -------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------------- -------------------- --------------------
  Cryogenics                                           Electrical                                                              Hazardous/Toxic                        
                                                       Equipment                                                               Materials                              

  X            Beam Line                               X             Cryo/Electrical                                           List                                   
               Magnets                                               Devices                                                   hazardous/toxic                        
                                                                                                                               materials planned                      
                                                                                                                               for use in a beam                      
                                                                                                                               line or                                
                                                                                                                               experimental                           
                                                                                                                               enclosure:                             

  X            Analysis                                              Capacitor Banks                                                                                  
               Magnets                                                                                                                                                

  X            Target                                  X             High Voltage (\>                                                            Methylal             
                                                                     5 Kv )                                                                      (dimethoxymethane)   

               Bubble Chamber                                        Exposed Equipment                                                                                
                                                                     Over 50 V                                                                                        

  Pressure                                             Flammable                                                                                                      
  Vessels                                              Gasses Or                                                                                                      
                                                       Liquids                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                      

                              Inside                   Type:                                          Ar 10%                                                          
                              Diameter                                                                CH~4~                                                           
                                                                                                      (P10)\                                                          
                                                                                                      Ar 15%                                                          
                                                                                                      Isobutane                                                       

                              Operating                Flow Rate:                                                                                                     
                              Pressure                                                                                                                                

                              Window                   Capacity:                                                                                                      
                              Material                                                                                                                                

                              Window                                                                                                                                  
                              Thickness                                                                                                                               

  Vacuum                                               Radioactive                                                             Target Materials                       
  Vessels                                              Sources                                                                                                        

  30 cm                       Inside                                                   Permanent                                                 Hydrogen (H)         
                              Diameter                                                 Installation                                                                   

  0--760 T                    Operating                                                Temporary Use                                             Beryllium (Be)       
                              Pressure                                                                                                                                

                              Window                   Type:                                                                                     Lithium (Li)         
                              Material                                                                                                                                

                              Window                   Strength:                                                                                 Carbon ©             
                              Thickness                                                                                                                               

  Lasers                                               Hazardous                                                               Mechanical                             
                                                       Chemicals                                                               Structures                             

               Permanent                               X             Methane                                                   X                 Motion Controllers   
               Installation                                                                                                                                           

               Temporary                                                                                                                                              
               Installation                                                                                                                                           

               Calibration                                                                                                                                            

               Alignment                                                                                                                                              

  Type:                                                                                                                                                               

  Wattage:                                                                                                                                                            

  Class:                                                                                                                                                              
  ------------ -------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------------- -------------------- --------------------