Office Ergonomics Worksite Analysis Form (Form Rev0 07/2006)

  ------------- -------------- ------ --------------------------- ------- ----------
  Date:         Employee name:        Number of years at this             
  Analyzed by:  Job Title:            job: Previous experience in         
                                      similar job:                        

  **Task                                                                  
  Analysis:**                                                             

  Work          Break                 Breaks taken away from the  **Y**   **N**
  schedule:     schedule:             office?                             

  How many      at the         hrs.   Any previous or current     **Y**   **N**
  hours per day computer?:            injury?:                            
  -                                                                       

                reading?:      hrs.   Part(s) of body:                    

                on the         hrs.   Any previous or current     **Y**   **N**
                telephone?:           discomfort?:                        

                spent seated?: hrs.   Part(s) of body:                    

                spent          hrs.                                       
                standing?:                                                

  Other                               Which tasks in particular           
  significant                         are associated with                 
  tasks:                              discomfort?:                        
  ------------- -------------- ------ --------------------------- ------- ----------

  ----------------------- ----------------- --- ------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------
  **Workstation                                                                                
  Analysis:**                                                                                  

  **Possible Problems**   **Recommended                       **Priority\***   **Person        **Date for**
                          Solutions**                                          Responsible**   

                                                                                               **Completion**

                                                                                               

                                                                                               

                                                                                               

                                                                                               

                                                                                               

                                                                                               

  **\*Prioritization:**                                                                        

  Give higher priority to                                                                      
  finding solutions for                                                                        
  risk factors which:                                                                          

  • affect parts of the                     •   are present                                    
  body where an injury                          in tasks                                       
  has occurred                                  which are                                      
                                                performed for                                  
                                                longer                                         
                                                periods of                                     
                                                time                                           

  • are associated with                     •   have simple,                                   
  physical discomfort                           easily                                         
                                                implemented                                    
                                                solutions                                      
  ----------------------- ----------------- --- ------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------

Environmental Analysis

  ----------------- --------------------- -------------- --------------- ----------------
  **Possible        **Recommended         **Priority**   **Person        **Date for**
  Problems**        Solutions**                          Responsible**   

                                                                         **Completion**

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         
  ----------------- --------------------- -------------- --------------- ----------------

Organizational Analysis

  ----------------- --------------------- -------------- --------------- ----------------
  **Possible        **Recommended         **Priority**   **Person        **Date for**
  Problems**        Solutions**                          Responsible**   

                                                                         **Completion**

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         

                                                                         
  ----------------- --------------------- -------------- --------------- ----------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Notes:**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Keyboard

+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible      | **        | **Recommended       |
| stions** |      | Problems**      | Potential | Solutions**         |
|          |      |                 | Dis       |                     |
|          |      |                 | comfort** |                     |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk Factor:  | Forearm   | -   Adjust seat     |
| keyboard | NO | Awkward         | and elbow |     height so that  |
| located  |      | Postures**      |           |     elbows are at   |
| so that  | Y  | Typing with     | Wrist and |     the same height |
| the      | ES | bent wrists     | hand      |     as the          |
| wrists   |      | increases       |           |     keyboard.       |
| are in a |      | chance of       | Numbness, |                     |
| neutral  |      | tendonitis of   | tingling  | -   Raise or lower  |
| posture  |      | the hand and    | and       |     adjustable work |
| (not     |      | wrist, as well  | burning   |     surfaces in     |
| bent up, |      | as carpal       | s         |     systems         |
| down or  |      | tunnel          | ensations |     furniture so    |
| to the   |      | syndrome.       | in the    |     that they are   |
| side)    |      |                 | fingers   |     just below      |
| while    |      |                 |           |     seated elbow    |
| typing?  |      |                 |           |     height.         |
|          |      |                 |           |                     |
|          |      |                 |           | -   Place keyboard  |
|          |      |                 |           |     and mouse on    |
|          |      |                 |           |     articulating    |
|          |      |                 |           |     keyboard tray   |
|          |      |                 |           |     and adjust tray |
|          |      |                 |           |     height and tilt |
|          |      |                 |           |     until wrists    |
|          |      |                 |           |     are working in  |
|          |      |                 |           |     neutral         |
|          |      |                 |           |     posture.        |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk Factor:  | Forearm   | -   Adjust seat     |
| keyboard | NO | Static          | and elbow |     height so that  |
| at a     |      | Loading**       |           |     elbows are at   |
| height   | Y  | Lifting         | Wrist and |     the same height |
| which    | ES | forearms up     | hand      |     as the          |
| places   |      | elevates        |           |     keyboard.       |
| the      |      |                 | Numbness, |                     |
| forearms |      | hands and       | tingling  | -   Raise or lower  |
| appro    |      | reduces         | and       |     adjustable      |
| ximately |      | circulation.    | burning   |     worksurfaces in |
| parallel |      | Bending elbows  | s         |     systems         |
| with the |      | too much places | ensations |     furniture so    |
| floor?   |      | stress on       | in the    |     that they are   |
|          |      | tendons in the  | fingers   |     just below      |
|          |      | joint.          |           |     seated elbow    |
|          |      |                 |           |     height.         |
|          |      |                 |           |                     |
|          |      |                 |           | -   Place keyboard  |
|          |      |                 |           |     and mouse on    |
|          |      |                 |           |     articulating    |
|          |      |                 |           |     keyboard tray   |
|          |      |                 |           |     and adjust tray |
|          |      |                 |           |     height and tilt |
|          |      |                 |           |     until wrists    |
|          |      |                 |           |     are working in  |
|          |      |                 |           |     neutral         |
|          |      |                 |           |     posture.        |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
|          |      | **Risk Factor:  |           |                     |
|          |      | Awkward         |           |                     |
|          |      | Postures**      |           |                     |
|          |      | Dropping        |           |                     |
|          |      | forearms down   |           |                     |
|          |      | to reach        |           |                     |
|          |      | keyboard        |           |                     |
|          |      | results in bent |           |                     |
|          |      | wrists.         |           |                     |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+

Keyboard

+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+
| **Qu      |      | **Possible     | **P      | **Recommended       |
| estions** |      | Problems**     | otential | Solutions**         |
|           |      |                | Disc     |                     |
|           |      |                | omfort** |                     |
+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+
| Are the   |     | **Risk Factor: | Shoulder | • Use a wrist rest  |
| wrists    | NO | Static         | and      | for support during  |
| supported |      | Loading**      | upper    | pauses in typing    |
| by a      | Y  | Continuously   | arm      |                     |
| wrist     | ES | supporting the |          | • Use armrests on   |
| rest      |      | weight of the  | Wrist    | the chair for       |
| during    |      | forearms       | and hand | forearm support     |
| pauses in |      | fatigues the   |          | during pauses in    |
| typing?   |      | muscles of the | N        | typing.             |
|           |      | upper arms.    | umbness, |                     |
|           |      | **Risk Factor: | tingling |                     |
|           |      | Awkward        | and      |                     |
|           |      | Postures**     | burning  |                     |
|           |      | Forearms tend  | se       |                     |
|           |      | to drop when   | nsations |                     |
|           |      | fatigued,      | in the   |                     |
|           |      | resulting in   | fingers  |                     |
|           |      | bent wrists.   |          |                     |
+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+
| Is the    |     | **Risk Factor: | Wrist    | • Replace hard      |
| wrist     | NO | Contact        | and hand | wrist rests or      |
| rest      |      | Stress**       |          | wrist rests with    |
| padded    | Y  |                | N        | worn fabric with    |
| and       | ES | Hard wrist     | umbness, | new, padded wrist   |
| covered   |      | rests or sharp | tingling | rests               |
| with a    |      | edges on       | and      |                     |
| soft,     |      | keyboard trays | burning  | • Pad sharp edges   |
| non-i     |      | place pressure | se       | on keyboard trays   |
| rritating |      | directly on    | nsations | with foam (e.g. -   |
| fabric?   |      | the carpal     | in the   | pipe insulation) as |
|           |      | tunnel.        | fingers  | long as thickness   |
|           |      |                |          | does not affect     |
|           |      | Fabrics with   |          | wrist posture.      |
|           |      | rough material |          |                     |
|           |      | build up heat  |          |                     |
|           |      | under the      |          |                     |
|           |      | palms and      |          |                     |
|           |      | restrict       |          |                     |
|           |      | movement       |          |                     |
|           |      | across the     |          |                     |
|           |      | keyboard.      |          |                     |
+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+
| Are the   |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck and | • Remove any        |
| upper     | NO | Static         | shoulder | obstacles (desk     |
| arms and  |      | Loading**      |          | drawers, boxes,     |
| elbows    | Y  | Lifting elbows |          | waste baskets) that |
| close to  | ES | up and to the  |          | prevent sitting     |
| the sides |      | sides or out   |          | close to keyboard.  |
| of the    |      | in front of    |          |                     |
| body when |      | the body makes |          | • Avoid using chair |
| the hands |      | the muscles in |          | armrests that are   |
| are on    |      | the upper      |          | farther apart than  |
| the       |      | arms,          |          | shoulder width.     |
| keyboard? |      | shoulders and  |          |                     |
|           |      | neck work      |          | • Lower keyboard    |
|           |      | harder.        |          | worksurface to      |
|           |      |                |          | seated elbow level. |
+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+
| Are the   |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck and | • Lower or remove   |
| shoulders | NO | Awkward        | shoulder | armrests that are   |
| relaxed   |      | Postures**     |          | too high and don\'t |
| when the  | Y  | Hunching       |          | allow the arms to   |
| hands are | ES | shoulders      |          | hang down           |
| on the    |      | creates        |          | naturally.          |
| keyboard? |      | tension in the |          |                     |
|           |      | muscles along  |          | • Raise chair and   |
|           |      | the sides of   |          | provide footrest if |
|           |      | the neck.      |          | feet are not fully  |
|           |      |                |          | supported by the    |
|           |      |                |          | floor.              |
|           |      |                |          |                     |
|           |      |                |          | • Lower keyboard    |
|           |      |                |          | worksurface to      |
|           |      |                |          | seated elbow level. |
+-----------+------+----------------+----------+---------------------+

Input Devices (mouse/trackball/touchpad)

+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible      | **        | **Recommended       |
| stions** |      | Problems**      | Potential | Solutions**         |
|          |      |                 | Dis       |                     |
|          |      |                 | comfort** |                     |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk Factor:  | Neck and  | -   Use keyboard    |
| input    | NO | Awkward         | shoulder  |     shortcuts to    |
| device   |      | Postures** Long |           |     reduce the      |
| (mouse / | Y  | reaches to      | Elbow and |     number of       |
| t        | ES | frequently used | forearm   |     reaches to      |
| rackball |      | input devices   |           |     other input     |
| / touch  |      | can cause       | Hand and  |     devices.        |
| pad)     |      | fatigue in the  | wrist     |                     |
| directly |      | muscles of the  |           | -   Use input       |
| to the   |      | shoulder and    | Numbness, |     device with the |
| side of  |      |                 | tingling  |     other hand      |
| the      |      | neck.           | and       |     (e.g. - switch  |
|          |      |                 | burning   |     to left-handed  |
| k        |      |                 | s         |     use if          |
| eyboard? |      |                 | ensations |     right-handed).  |
|          |      |                 | in the    |                     |
|          |      |                 |           | -   Clear off desk  |
|          |      |                 | fingers   |     space or        |
|          |      |                 |           |     relocate        |
|          |      |                 |           |     computer to     |
|          |      |                 |           |     provide room    |
|          |      |                 |           |     for the input   |
|          |      |                 |           |     device.         |
|          |      |                 |           |                     |
|          |      |                 |           | -   Use a keyboard  |
|          |      |                 |           |     tray that is    |
|          |      |                 |           |     wide enough to  |
|          |      |                 |           |     accommodate the |
|          |      |                 |           |     input device,   |
|          |      |                 |           |     or attach       |
|          |      |                 |           |     adapter to      |
|          |      |                 |           |     current         |
|          |      |                 |           |     keyboard tray.  |
|          |      |                 |           |                     |
|          |      |                 |           | -   Use a voice     |
|          |      |                 |           |     navigation      |
|          |      |                 |           |     program with    |
|          |      |                 |           |     voice commands  |
|          |      |                 |           |     in place of     |
|          |      |                 |           |     input device    |
|          |      |                 |           |     use.            |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
|          |      |                 |           | If you need to      |
|          |      |                 |           | raise the input     |
|          |      |                 |           | device:             |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
|          |      | **Risk Factor:  | Neck and  | • Place input       |
|          |      | Static          | shoulder  | device on top of    |
|          |      | Loading**       |           | book or stack of    |
|          |      | Elevating the   |           | papers.             |
|          |      | hand when       |           |                     |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
|          |      | reaching up to  | Elbow and | • Use a platform    |
|          |      | input devices   | forearm   | that places the     |
|          |      | on a            |           | input               |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| Is the   |     | high work       |           | device over the     |
| input    | NO | surface reduces |           | keyboard 10-key.    |
| device   |      |                 |           |                     |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+
| located  | Y  | circulation and | Hand and  | If you need to      |
| at the   | ES | places          | wrist     | lower the input     |
| same     |      | additional      | Numbness, | device: • Use a     |
| height   |      | stress on the   | tingling  | keyboard tray that  |
| as or    |      | joints of the   | and       | is wide enough to   |
| slightly |      | arm and hand.   | burning   | accommodate the     |
| higher   |      | **Risk Factor:  | s         | input device, or    |
| than the |      | Awkward         | ensations | attach adapter to   |
| k        |      | Postures**      | in the    | current keyboard    |
| eyboard? |      | Reaching down   | fingers   | tray. • Use a       |
|          |      | to use input    |           | platform that       |
|          |      | devices results |           | places the input    |
|          |      | in a bent       |           | device over the     |
|          |      | wrist.          |           | keyboard 10-key.    |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---------------------+

Mouse/Trackball/touch Pad

+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible      | **        | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**      | Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                 | Dis       | R |                   |
|          |      |                 | comfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | c |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | o |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | m |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | m |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | e |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | n |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | d |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | e |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | d |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | S |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | o |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | l |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | u |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | t |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | i |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | o |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | n |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | s |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | * |                   |
|          |      |                 |           | * |                   |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                 | Shoulder  |   |                   |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
| Does the |     | **Risk Factor:  | Elbow and | • | Remove and clean  |
| mouse/t  | NO | Repetition**    | forearm   | • | mouse ball or     |
| rackball |      | Poorly          | Hand and  |   | trackball. Check  |
| move     | Y  | maintained      | wrist     |   | cables to make    |
| freely   | ES | input devices   | Numbness, |   | sure they are     |
| and is   |      | can cause       | tingling  |   | fully plugged in. |
| it       |      | tracking and    | and       |   |                   |
| well-mai |      | input errors    | burning   |   |                   |
| ntained? |      | which must then | s         |   |                   |
|          |      | be corrected,   | ensations |   |                   |
|          |      | resulting in    | in the    |   |                   |
|          |      | unnecessary     | fingers   |   |                   |
|          |      | repetition.     |           |   |                   |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                 | Shoulder  |   |                   |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
| Is       |     | **Risk Factor:  | Elbow and | • | Install software  |
| software | NO | Repetition**    | forearm   | • | and customize     |
| related  |      | Lack of         | Hand and  |   | cursor velocity,  |
| to the   | Y  | training and    | wrist     |   | acceleration and  |
| input    | ES | appropriate     | Numbness, |   | size. Assign      |
| device   |      | software can    | tingling  |   | click and drag or |
| in       |      | lead to input   | and       |   | double click      |
| stalled, |      | errors and      | burning   |   | functions on      |
| and is   |      | unnecessary     | s         |   | programmable      |
| the user |      | repetition.     | ensations |   | input devices.    |
| trained  |      |                 | in the    |   |                   |
| in       |      |                 | fingers   |   |                   |
| cus      |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| tomizing |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| the      |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| software |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| to their |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| own      |      |                 |           |   |                   |
| needs?   |      |                 |           |   |                   |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+
| Is a     |     | **Risk Factor:  | Elbow and | • | Let go of the     |
| loose    | NO | Force**         | forearm   | • | mouse when not    |
| grip     |      | Gripping the    | Hand and  | • | actively using    |
| used on  | Y  | mouse tightly   | wrist     |   | it. Switch to     |
| the      | ES | strains the     | Numbness, |   | using keyboard    |
| mouse or |      | tendons in the  | tingling  |   | shortcuts instead |
| other    |      | hand and wrist. | and       |   | of pull-down or   |
| input    |      |                 | burning   |   | pop-up menus. Use |
| device?  |      |                 | s         |   | a mouse or other  |
|          |      |                 | ensations |   | input device      |
|          |      |                 | in the    |   | which is designed |
|          |      |                 | fingers   |   | to better fit the |
|          |      |                 |           |   | hand.             |
+----------+------+-----------------+-----------+---+-------------------+

Monitor

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Can the  |     | **Risk Factor: | Back of    | I |                   |
| monitor  | NO | Awkward        | neck       | f |                   |
| screen   |      | Postures**     |            | y |                   |
| be       | Y  | Looking up at  |            | o |                   |
| viewed   | ES | the monitor    |            | u |                   |
| without  |      | fatigues the   |            | n |                   |
| tilting  |      | relatively     |            | e |                   |
| the head |      | weak neck      |            | e |                   |
| up at    |      | muscles that   |            | d |                   |
| all or   |      | lift the head, |            | t |                   |
| more     |      | while looking  |            | o |                   |
| than     |      | too far down   |            | r |                   |
| slightly |      | fatigues the   |            | a |                   |
| down?    |      | muscles which  |            | i |                   |
|          |      | support the    |            | s |                   |
|          |      | weight of the  |            | e |                   |
|          |      | head against   |            | t |                   |
|          |      | gravity.       |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | : |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | P |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | C |                   |
|          |      |                |            | P |                   |
|          |      |                |            | U |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | P |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | U |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | I |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | y |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | : |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | R |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | v |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | / |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | v |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | b |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | k |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | L |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | k |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | C |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | k |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Can the  |     | **Risk Factor: | Back and   | • | If the monitor is |
| monitor  | NO | Awkward        | side(s) of | • | viewed the most,  |
| be       |      | Postures**     | neck       |   | center it         |
| viewed   | Y  | Twisting the   |            |   | directly in front |
| by       | ES | head while     |            |   | of the QWERTY     |
| looking  |      | looking at     |            |   | portion of the    |
| straight |      | your monitor   |            |   | keyboard. If      |
| ahead?   |      | loads the neck |            |   | documents are     |
|          |      | muscles        |            |   | viewed more       |
|          |      | unevenly.      |            |   | often, place the  |
|          |      |                |            |   | monitor just to   |
|          |      |                |            |   | the side and      |
|          |      |                |            |   | angled in.        |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk Factor: | Back of    | • | Sit close enough  |
| monitor  | NO | Awkward        | neck Lower | • | to monitor to     |
| close    |      | Postures**     | and upper  | • | read without      |
| enough   | Y  | Sitting too    | back       |   | leaning forward.  |
| to read  | ES | far from the   |            |   | Use a larger font |
| from     |      | monitor can    |            |   | size for text and |
| comf     |      | result in      |            |   | zoom in on        |
| ortably? |      | leaning        |            |   | graphics. Have    |
|          |      | forward to     |            |   | annual vision     |
|          |      | read small     |            |   | exams and make    |
|          |      | text           |            |   | sure any          |
|          |      |                |            |   | prescription      |
|          |      |                |            |   | lenses are suited |
|          |      |                |            |   | to computer work. |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Monitor

  ------------------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------------
                                                             

  **Questions**             **Possible        **Potential    **Recommended
                            Problems**        Discomfort**   Solutions**

  Is the monitor at least   **Risk Factor:    Shoulder and   • Move monitor further
  18\" away from the eyes?  Awkward           upper arm      away on desk surface.
  NO YES            Postures**                       • Use a keyboard tray
                            Sitting further                  to move the keyboard
                            back from the                    further back. •
                            monitor in order                 Install a corner unit
                            to get a                         with more room for the
                            comfortable                      monitor.
                            viewing distance                 
                            can result in                    
                            reaching forward                 
                            to use the                       
                            keyboard.                        

  Does the monitor display: **Risk Factor:    Headaches Eye  • Adjust brightness
  •have good contrast, with Awkward           strain Neck    and contrast controls
  crisp, clear text? • have Postures** such   and upper back to improve image and
  a high enough brightness  as leaning        Low back       reduce flicker. •
  level? •have bright       forward to read                  Display black
  backgrounds that are free blurry text.                     characters on a white
  from flicker? NO                                         background for
  YES                                                  improved contrast. •
                                                             Have a PC technician
                                                             optimize resolution
                                                             and refresh rate on
                                                             the graphics card. •
                                                             Repair or replace
                                                             older monitors.

  **NOTE: If you have                                        
  problems with glare on                                     
  the monitor, see the                                       
  Environment section of                                     
  the                                                        
  TroubleshootingGuide.**                                    
  ------------------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------------

Other Office Equipment

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Can the  |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck and   | • | Use a             |
| t        | NO | Awkward        | upper      | • | speakerphone in   |
| elephone |      | Postures**     | shoulders  |   | private offices.  |
| be used  | Y  | Tilting the    |            |   | Use a headset in  |
| without  | ES | head to one    |            |   | cubicles or open  |
| having   |      | side and       |            |   | office areas.     |
| to hold  |      | hunching one   |            |   |                   |
| the      |      | shoulder can   |            |   |                   |
| handset  |      | strain the     |            |   |                   |
| between  |      | muscles in the |            |   |                   |
| the ear  |      | neck and upper |            |   |                   |
| and      |      | shoulders on   |            |   |                   |
| s        |      | that side,     |            |   |                   |
| houlder? |      | while          |            |   |                   |
|          |      | o              |            |   |                   |
|          |      | ver-stretching |            |   |                   |
|          |      | the muscles on |            |   |                   |
|          |      | the other      |            |   |                   |
|          |      | side.          |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Can      |     | **Risk Factor: | Shoulder   | • | Make room so that |
| 10-key   | NO | Awkward        | Elbow Hand | • | keypad devices    |
| cal      |      | Postures**     | and wrist  | • | can be pulled     |
| culators | Y  | 10-key use can |            | • | close. Use a      |
| and      | ES | be just as     |            |   | padded wrist rest |
| other    |      | repetitive as  |            |   | for use during    |
| devices  |      | keyboard use,  |            |   | pauses in keypad  |
| with     |      | yet often      |            |   | entry. Place      |
| keypads  |      | devices like   |            |   | devices on pull   |
| be used  |      | this are       |            |   | out \"bread       |
| in a     |      | placed so that |            |   | boards\" to place |
| neutral  |      | they require   |            |   | them at the       |
| posture? |      | long reaches   |            |   | appropriate       |
|          |      | to use.        |            |   | height. Look for  |
|          |      |                |            |   | ways to           |
|          |      |                |            |   | consolidate       |
|          |      |                |            |   | keypad device     |
|          |      |                |            |   | functions onto    |
|          |      |                |            |   | the computer,     |
|          |      |                |            |   | such as using     |
|          |      |                |            |   | tape calculator   |
|          |      |                |            |   | software in place |
|          |      |                |            |   | of the 10-key     |
|          |      |                |            |   | calculator.       |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Paper Documents

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck Upper | • | Place documents   |
| d        | NO | Awkward        | back Low   | • | on copy holders   |
| ocuments |      | Postures**     | back       |   | to the side of    |
| that are | Y  | Documents that |            |   | the monitor and   |
| re       | ES | are laid flat  |            |   | at the same       |
| ferenced |      | on the desk    |            |   | height, or        |
| while    |      | surface result |            |   | between the       |
| typing   |      | in leaning     |            |   | monitor and the   |
| at the   |      | forward and    |            |   | keyboard. Make    |
| computer |      | tilting the    |            |   | sure copy holders |
| placed   |      | head downward. |            |   | are large enough  |
| on copy  |      |                |            |   | to handle the     |
| holders  |      |                |            |   | size of the       |
| to the   |      |                |            |   | documents in use. |
| side of  |      |                |            |   |                   |
| or just  |      |                |            |   |                   |
| below    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| the      |      |                |            |   |                   |
| monitor? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Elbow and  | • | Fill out multiple |
| carbon   | NO | Force**        | forearm    | • | copy forms on the |
| or       |      | Pressing down  | Wrist and  |   | typewriter.       |
| ca       | Y  | to make        | hand       |   | Create electronic |
| rbonless | ES | multiple       |            |   | forms that can be |
| copy     |      | copies results |            |   | filled out on the |
| forms    |      | in relatively  |            |   | computer and      |
| which    |      | high hand      |            |   | print multiple    |
| must be  |      | forces.        |            |   | copies.           |
| filled   |      |                |            |   |                   |
| out by   |      |                |            |   |                   |
| hand     |      |                |            |   |                   |
| avoided? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Chairs

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Does the |     | **Risk Factor: | Back       | • | Place a rolled up |
| backrest | NO | Awkward        |            | • | towel or attach a |
| provide  |      | Postures**     |            | • | removable back    |
| support  | Y  | Lack of low    |            | • | support cushion   |
| in the   | ES | back support   |            |   | to existing back  |
| low      |      | inhibits       |            |   | support. Remove   |
| back?    |      | normal S-shape |            |   | or lower arm      |
|          |      | of spine while |            |   | rests which may   |
|          |      | sitting which  |            |   | prevent sitting   |
|          |      | puts           |            |   | back fully due to |
|          |      | additional     |            |   | contact with      |
|          |      | stress on the  |            |   | front of desk or  |
|          |      | back and can   |            |   | keyboard tray.    |
|          |      | contribute to  |            |   | Adjust the back   |
|          |      | low back pain. |            |   | rest so the small |
|          |      |                |            |   | of the back is in |
|          |      |                |            |   | contact with the  |
|          |      |                |            |   | most outward      |
|          |      |                |            |   | curved area of    |
|          |      |                |            |   | the back support. |
|          |      |                |            |   | Replace the seat  |
|          |      |                |            |   | pan if it's too   |
|          |      |                |            |   | long and doesn't  |
|          |      |                |            |   | allow for sitting |
|          |      |                |            |   | back fully in     |
|          |      |                |            |   | chair.            |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are feet |     | **Risk Factor: | Leg and    | • | Adjust chair seat |
| touching | NO | Contact        | foot       | • | height so feet    |
| t        |      | Stress**       | tingling,  |   | are supported by  |
| hefloor? | Y  | Circulation to | numbness   |   | the floor. Use a  |
|          | ES | the legs and   |            |   | foot rest to      |
|          |      | feet isreduced |            |   | support feet.     |
|          |      | due to contact |            |   |                   |
|          |      | between the    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | front edge of  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | the chair and  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | thebacks of    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | the thighs.    |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is there |     | **Risk Factor: | Leg and    | • | Adjust the back   |
| a        | NO | Contact        | foot       | • | rest/lumbar       |
| com      |      | Stress**       | tingling,  | • | support forward   |
| fortable | Y  | Circulation to | numbness   |   | to shorten chair  |
| amount   | ES | the legs and   |            |   | seat. Place a     |
| of space |      | feet is        |            |   | rolled up towel   |
| between  |      | reduced and    |            |   | or attach a       |
| the edge |      | pressure is    |            |   | removable back    |
| of the   |      | placed on the  |            |   | support cushion   |
| seat and |      | nerves at the  |            |   | to existing back  |
| the back |      | back of the    |            |   | support. Replace  |
| of the   |      | knees and      |            |   | the seat pan if   |
| knees?   |      | legs.          |            |   | it's too long and |
|          |      |                |            |   | doesn't allow for |
|          |      |                |            |   | sitting back      |
|          |      |                |            |   | fully in chair.   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Chairs

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            | I |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | : |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Do       |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck and   | • |                   |
| armrests | NO | Awkward        | shoulder   | A |                   |
| support  |      | Postures**     |            | d |                   |
| the      | Y  | Hunching the   |            | d |                   |
| forearms | ES | shoulders      |            | p |                   |
| without  |      | canresult in   |            | a |                   |
| r        |      | muscle tension |            | d |                   |
| esulting |      | and fatigue.   |            | d |                   |
| in       |      | Leaning to one |            | i |                   |
| hunched  |      | side results   |            | n |                   |
| s        |      | in anuneven    |            | g |                   |
| houlders |      | posture and    |            | t |                   |
| (        |      | mu             |            | o |                   |
| armrests |      | scleimbalance. |            | b |                   |
| too      |      |                |            | r |                   |
| high) or |      |                |            | i |                   |
| leaning  |      |                |            | n |                   |
| to one   |      |                |            | g |                   |
| side     |      |                |            | t |                   |
| (        |      |                |            | h |                   |
| armrests |      |                |            | e |                   |
| too      |      |                |            | m |                   |
| low)?    |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | b |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | v |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | R |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | I |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | : |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | O |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
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|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | y |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | R |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | j |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | b |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are the  |     | **Risk Factor: | Neck and   | • | Remove armrests   |
| armrests | NO | Awkward        | shoulder   | • | that interfere    |
| designed |      | Postures**     | Upper and  | • | with good work    |
| so that  | Y  | Armrests which | lower back |   | postures. Lower   |
| they     | ES | limit chair    |            |   | adjustable        |
| don\'t   |      | movement must  |            |   | armrests so that  |
| bump     |      | be compensated |            |   | they fit under    |
| into     |      | for by an      |            |   | writing work      |
| work     |      | increase in    |            |   | surfaces. Replace |
| surfaces |      | leaning,       |            |   | loop arms with    |
| or       |      | twisting and   |            |   | \"T\" shaped arms |
| o        |      | reaching.      |            |   | that allow the    |
| therwise |      |                |            |   | chair to be       |
| i        |      |                |            |   | pulled closer to  |
| nterfere |      |                |            |   | keyboard work     |
| with     |      |                |            |   | surfaces.         |
| movement |      |                |            |   |                   |
| or       |      |                |            |   |                   |
| sitting  |      |                |            |   |                   |
| close    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| enough   |      |                |            |   |                   |
| to the   |      |                |            |   |                   |
| k        |      |                |            |   |                   |
| eyboard? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Elbow and  | • | Add padding to    |
| armrests | NO | Contact        | forearm    | • | armrests that are |
| padded   |      | Stress** Hard  | Numbness,  | • | low enough to     |
| and      | Y  | armrests can   | tingling   |   | allow this.       |
| c        | ES | place pressure | and        |   | Remove armrests   |
| ontoured |      | on the elbows, | burning    |   | where added       |
| to avoid |      | damaging       | sensations |   | padding would     |
| hard or  |      | nerves, blood  | in the     |   | cause hunched     |
| square   |      | vessels and    | fingers    |   | shoulders.        |
| edges?   |      | tendons close  |            |   | Replace armrests  |
|          |      | to the skin\'s |            |   | with padded ones  |
|          |      | surface.       |            |   | at the            |
|          |      |                |            |   | appropriate       |
|          |      |                |            |   | height.           |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Workspace

+----------+------+---------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible    | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**    | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |               | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |               | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |               |            | c |                   |
|          |      |               |            | o |                   |
|          |      |               |            | m |                   |
|          |      |               |            | m |                   |
|          |      |               |            | e |                   |
|          |      |               |            | n |                   |
|          |      |               |            | d |                   |
|          |      |               |            | e |                   |
|          |      |               |            | d |                   |
|          |      |               |            | S |                   |
|          |      |               |            | o |                   |
|          |      |               |            | l |                   |
|          |      |               |            | u |                   |
|          |      |               |            | t |                   |
|          |      |               |            | i |                   |
|          |      |               |            | o |                   |
|          |      |               |            | n |                   |
|          |      |               |            | s |                   |
|          |      |               |            | * |                   |
|          |      |               |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+---------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk        | Wrist Hand | • | Move              |
| hands/wr | NO | Factor:       | Numbness,  | • | keyboard/input    |
| istsfree |      | Contact       | tingling   | • | device to the     |
| from     | Y  | Stress** Hard | and        | • | edge of desktop   |
| contact  | ES | or sharp desk | burning    |   | to avoid resting  |
| with the |      | edges can     | sensations |   | hands/wrists on   |
| desktop  |      | place         | in the     |   | edge. Use a wrist |
| edge?    |      | pressure on   | fingers    |   | rest for support  |
|          |      | the carpal    |            |   | during pauses in  |
|          |      | tunnel in the |            |   | typing. Pad sharp |
|          |      | palm and      |            |   | edges on desktop  |
|          |      | tendons in    |            |   | with foam (e.g. - |
|          |      | the wrist.    |            |   | pipe insulation). |
|          |      |               |            |   | Install keyboard  |
|          |      |               |            |   | tray with wrist   |
|          |      |               |            |   | rest for support  |
|          |      |               |            |   | during pauses in  |
|          |      |               |            |   | typing.           |
+----------+------+---------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are desk |     | **Risk        | Neck       | • | If right-handed   |
| top      | NO | Factors:      | Shoulder   | • | arrange           |
| acc      |      | Repetition**  | Elbow      | • | accessories       |
| essories | Y  | and **Awkward |            |   | (except           |
| (e.g.    | ES | Postures**    |            |   | telephone) to the |
| -te      |      | Repetitive    |            |   | right of          |
| lephone, |      | arm motions   |            |   | computer. Locate  |
| stapler, |      | increase      |            |   | telephone on the  |
| manuals) |      | fatigue and   |            |   | left in order to  |
| within   |      | risk of       |            |   | answer with the   |
| easy     |      | injury        |            |   | left hand and     |
| reach    |      | especially    |            |   | take notes with   |
| and      |      | when combined |            |   | the right. Just   |
| arranged |      | with extended |            |   | the opposite if   |
| a        |      | arm reaches.  |            |   | left handed.      |
| ccording |      |               |            |   | Determine which   |
| to       |      |               |            |   | accessories are   |
| f        |      |               |            |   | used most         |
| requency |      |               |            |   | frequently and    |
| of use?  |      |               |            |   | locate them       |
|          |      |               |            |   | closest to you.   |
+----------+------+---------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is there |     | **Risk        | Neck and   | • | Install keyboard  |
| adequate | NO | Factor:       | shoulder   | • | tray to allow     |
| space    |      | Awkward       | Back Elbow |   | proper placement  |
| for      | Y  | Postures**    | Wrist and  |   | of keyboard,      |
| proper   | ES | Lack of space | hand       |   | monitor, and      |
| p        |      | results in    |            |   | input device.     |
| lacement |      | poor          |            |   | Place CPU on      |
| of       |      | placement of  |            |   | floor in vertical |
| monitor, |      | equipment,    |            |   | stand to free up  |
| k        |      | causing       |            |   | space on desktop. |
| eyboard, |      | twisting and  |            |   | Install free      |
| and      |      | reaching when |            |   | floating monitor  |
| input    |      | using it.     |            |   | stand to bring    |
| device?  |      |               |            |   | monitor off the   |
|          |      |               |            |   | desktop.          |
+----------+------+---------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Work space

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is there |     | **Risk Factor: | Knee Leg   | • | Remove materials  |
| adequate | NO | Contact        | Foot       | • | underneath desk.  |
|          |      | Stress**       |            | • | Raise desktop     |
| space    | Y  | Bumping into   |            |   | surface if taller |
| for      | ES | the underside  |            |   | individual has    |
| knees    |      | of the desktop |            |   | problems bumping  |
| and legs |      | or objects     |            |   | into desktop      |
| un       |      | underneath can |            |   | edges, or lower   |
| derneath |      | cause bruising |            |   | chair. Install    |
| work     |      | and impact     |            |   | keyboard tray to  |
| surface? |      | trauma to      |            |   | increase distance |
|          |      | knees or       |            |   | between monitor   |
|          |      | thighs. **Risk |            |   | and desktop and   |
|          |      | Factor: Static |            |   | provide more leg  |
|          |      | Loading** Lack |            |   | room.             |
|          |      | of space under |            |   |                   |
|          |      | the desktop    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | does not allow |            |   |                   |
|          |      | changes in     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | posture.       |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            | • | Place frequently  |
|          |      |                |            |   | used items on the |
|          |      |                |            |   | desk              |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            |   | surface rather    |
|          |      |                |            |   | than overhead.    |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk Factor: | Shoulder   | • | Stand and use     |
| reach to | NO | Awkward        |            | • | both hands to     |
| overhead |      | Postures**     |            |   | lift items from   |
| storage  | Y  | Long reaches   |            |   | storage. Lower    |
| spaces   | ES | to items       |            |   | adjustable height |
| mi       |      | storedoverhead |            |   | storage units as  |
| nimized? |      | can result in  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | o              |            |   |                   |
|          |      | ver-stretching |            |   |                   |
|          |      | of the muscles |            |   |                   |
|          |      | andincreased   |            |   |                   |
|          |      | strain.        |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            |   | far as possible   |
|          |      |                |            |   | without           |
|          |      |                |            |   | interfering with  |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            |   | monitor placement |
|          |      |                |            |   | or other work.    |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Lifting and carrying

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Rearrange shelves |
| fr       | NO | Awkward        | Upper back | • | to maximize       |
| equently |      | Postures**     | and        |   | storage at a      |
| lifted   | Y  | Especially     | shoulder   |   | convenient        |
| items    | ES | bending,       | Knees      |   | height. Provide   |
| located  |      | stooping,      |            |   | additional open   |
| between  |      | kneeling and   |            |   | work surfaces at  |
| knee and |      | reaching.      |            |   | waist height for  |
| shoulder |      |                |            |   | temporary storage |
| height?  |      |                |            |   | of items.         |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Can      |     | **Risk         | Low back   | • | Slide objects     |
| items be | NO | Factors:       | Upper back | • | close to you      |
| brought  |      | Force**        | and        | • | before lifting.   |
| close to | Y  | combined with  | shoulder   |   | Remove obstacles  |
| the body | ES | **Awkward      | Knees      |   | over which you    |
| before   |      | Postures**     |            |   | would have to     |
| being    |      | Lifting away   |            |   | lift. Use smaller |
| lifted?  |      | from the body  |            |   | containers which  |
|          |      | increases load |            |   | can be brought    |
|          |      | on the low     |            |   | closer to your    |
|          |      | back and       |            |   | body.             |
|          |      | results in     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | reaching and   |            |   |                   |
|          |      | bending.       |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is       |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Store frequently  |
| lifting  | NO | Awkward        | Upper back | • | used items on     |
| from     |      | Postures**     | and        | • | shelves. Use a    |
| thefloor | Y  | Especially     | shoulder   |   | hand truck to     |
| avoided  | ES | bending,       | Knees      |   | move objects      |
| as much  |      | stooping,      |            |   | which are stored  |
| as       |      | kneeling and   |            |   | at floor level.   |
| p        |      | reaching.      |            |   | Unload containers |
| ossible? |      |                |            |   | rather than       |
|          |      |                |            |   | lifting while     |
|          |      |                |            |   | full.             |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are the  |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Break down large  |
| weights  | NO | Force** The    | Upper back | • | loads into        |
| ofloads  |      | weight of the  | and        |   | smaller parts     |
| to be    | Y  | load directly  | shoulder   |   | before moving.    |
| lifted   | ES | determines the | Knees      |   | Use smaller       |
| mi       |      | amount of      |            |   | containers for    |
| nimized? |      | force required |            |   | storage.          |
|          |      | to lift,       |            |   |                   |
|          |      | carry, push    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | and/or pull    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | it.            |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Create storage    |
| items    | NO | Sustained      | Upper back | • | space to keep     |
| stored   |      | Exertions**    | and        |   | supplies near     |
| close to | Y  | Carrying loads | shoulder   |   | equipment (e.g. - |
| where    | ES | long distances | Forearm    |   | printer stands    |
| they     |      | can result in  | and hand   |   | with shelves for  |
| will     |      | muscle fatigue | Knees      |   | reams of paper).  |
| beused   |      | and strain.    |            |   | Use carts and     |
| to       |      |                |            |   | hand trucks to    |
| reduce   |      |                |            |   | move supplies     |
| carrying |      |                |            |   | when storage      |
| di       |      |                |            |   | cannot be         |
| stances? |      |                |            |   | created.          |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Lifting and carrying

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Slide items from  |
| me       | NO | Force** When   | Upper back | • | shelves to the    |
| chanical |      | assistive      | and        | • | top of a cart at  |
| as       | Y  | devices are    | shoulder   |   | the same level to |
| sistance | ES | not readily    | Knees      |   | avoid lifting.    |
| devices  |      | available,     |            |   | Have a number of  |
| (carts,  |      | employees may  |            |   | carts available   |
| hand     |      | attempt to     |            |   | to use in place   |
| trucks)a |      | lift loads     |            |   | of carrying by    |
| vailable |      | beyond their   |            |   | hand. Use a hand  |
| to help  |      | physical       |            |   | truck to move     |
| e        |      | capability.    |            |   | objects which are |
| liminate |      |                |            |   | stored at floor   |
| lifting  |      |                |            |   | level.            |
| and      |      |                |            |   |                   |
| carrying |      |                |            |   |                   |
| by hand? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            | • | Use rollers for   |
|          |      |                |            |   | loading and       |
|          |      |                |            |   | unloading         |
|          |      |                |            |   | packages in the   |
|          |      |                |            |   | mail room.        |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk         | Low back   | • | Encourage teaming |
| co       | NO | Factors:       | Upper back | • | up when lifting   |
| -workers |      | Force** and    | and        |   | large containers  |
| a        | Y  | **Repetition** | shoulder   |   | that cannot be    |
| vailable | ES | Loads that     | Knees      |   | broken down. Have |
| to help  |      | could easily   |            |   | several employees |
| with     |      | be handled by  |            |   | lift a few boxes  |
| heavy,   |      | a team of      |            |   | each rather than  |
| awkward  |      | workers may be |            |   | a single employee |
| or       |      | overwhelming   |            |   | lifting           |
| re       |      | for an         |            |   | repetitively.     |
| petitive |      | employee       |            |   |                   |
| lifting  |      | working alone. |            |   |                   |
| tasks?   |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk         | Low back   | T |                   |
| e        | NO | Factors:       | Upper back | r |                   |
| mployees |      | Force** and    | and        | a |                   |
| trained  | Y  | **Awkward      | shoulder   | i |                   |
| in       | ES | Postures**     | Knees      | n |                   |
| proper   |      | Untrained      |            | e |                   |
| lifting  |      | workers may    |            | m |                   |
| pro      |      | adopt poor     |            | p |                   |
| cedures? |      | postures or    |            | l |                   |
|          |      | use more force |            | o |                   |
|          |      | than is        |            | y |                   |
|          |      | necessary when |            | e |                   |
|          |      | lifting.       |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | : |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | L |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | M |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | z |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | w |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | b |                   |
|          |      |                |            | y |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | v |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | P |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | U |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | y |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
|          |      |                |            | • |                   |
|          |      |                |            | A |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | k |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | r |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | p |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | f |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | g |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | h |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | a |                   |
|          |      |                |            | v |                   |
|          |      |                |            | y |                   |
|          |      |                |            | . |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are jobs |     | **Risk Factor: | Low back   | • | Assign lifting    |
| designed | NO | Repetition**   | Upper back | • | tasks to a number |
| so that  |      | Jobs with      | and        | • | of employees who  |
| lifting  | Y  | lifting as the | shoulder   |   | are physically    |
| is only  | ES | only task may  | Knees      |   | capable. Redesign |
| one of a |      | not allow for  |            |   | lifting jobs to   |
| variety  |      | enough rest    |            |   | include less      |
| of       |      | and recovery   |            |   | physically        |
| tasks?   |      | time,          |            |   | demanding tasks   |
|          |      | resulting in   |            |   | (e.g. - some desk |
|          |      | fatigue and an |            |   | work). Use        |
|          |      | increased risk |            |   | mechanical        |
|          |      | of injury.     |            |   | assistance to     |
|          |      |                |            |   | reduce or         |
|          |      |                |            |   | eliminate         |
|          |      |                |            |   | lifting.          |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

Environmental Issues

+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible      | *          | * |                  |
| stions** |      | Problems**      | *Potential | * |                  |
|          |      |                 | Di         | R |                  |
|          |      |                 | scomfort** | e |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | c |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | o |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | m |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | m |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | e |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | n |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | d |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | e |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | d |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | S |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | o |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | l |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | u |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | t |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | i |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | o |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | n |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | s |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | * |                  |
|          |      |                 |            | * |                  |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor:  | Eye strain | • | Turn monitor at  |
| computer | NO | Awkward         | Headaches  | • | right angle      |
| monitors |      | Postures**      | Neck and   | • | towindow or      |
| placed   | Y  | Reflected       | back       |   | bright light     |
| atright  | ES | images on the   |            |   | source. Cover    |
| angles   |      | screenmake      |            |   | window with      |
| to       |      | focusing on the |            |   | vertical blinds  |
| bri      |      | displayed       |            |   | or shades. Use   |
| ghtlight |      | textdifficult,  |            |   | anti-glare       |
| sources( |      | often resulting |            |   | screen or        |
| windows, |      | in twistingand  |            |   | monitor hoodto   |
| wa       |      | leaning when    |            |   | reduce reflected |
| lllamps, |      | trying to find  |            |   | images.          |
| etc.)?   |      | aglare-free     |            |   |                  |
|          |      | angle to view   |            |   |                  |
|          |      | from            |            |   |                  |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| Are      |     | **Risk Factor:  | Eye strain | • | Turn monitors at |
| monitors | NO | Awkward         | Headaches  | • | right angles to  |
| placed   |      | Postures**      | Neck and   | • | the length of    |
| between  | Y  | Reflected       | back       |   | the overhead     |
| rows of  | ES | overhead lights |            |   | light fixtures.  |
| overhead |      | may cause white |            |   | Install          |
| light    |      | spots on        |            |   | parabolic        |
| fixtures |      | screen, often   |            |   | louvers (egg     |
| to avoid |      | resulting in    |            |   | crates)in        |
| refl     |      | twisting and    |            |   | overhead light   |
| ections? |      | leaning when    |            |   | to direct light. |
|          |      | trying to find  |            |   | Use anti-glare   |
|          |      | a glare-free    |            |   | screen or        |
|          |      | angle to view   |            |   | monitor hood to  |
|          |      | from            |            |   | reduce           |
|          |      |                 |            |   | reflections.     |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| Is the   |     | Difficulty in   | Eye strain | • | Turn monitor at  |
| light    | NO | adjusting to    | Headaches  | • | right angle to   |
| level    |      | the differences | Neck and   | • | window or bright |
| behind   | Y  | in light levels | back       |   | light source.    |
| and to   | ES | can cause eye   |            |   | Cover window     |
| the      |      | strain. The     |            |   | with blinds or   |
| sides of |      | eyes are        |            |   | shades. Reduce   |
| the      |      | particularly    |            |   | the amount of    |
| monitor  |      | sensitive to    |            |   | overhead         |
| similar  |      | glare in the    |            |   | lighting and use |
| to the   |      | peripheral      |            |   | low wattage task |
| light    |      | vision.         |            |   | lighting.        |
| level    |      |                 |            |   |                  |
| emitted  |      |                 |            |   |                  |
| from the |      |                 |            |   |                  |
| screen?  |      |                 |            |   |                  |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| Are      |     | Low lighting    | Eye strain | • | Use supplemental |
| cubicles | NO | and shadows may | Headaches  | • | task lighting in |
| located  |      | make it         |            | • | cubicles.        |
| so that  | Y  | difficult to    |            | • | Reorganize       |
| they are | ES | see hard copy.  |            | • | cubicles to      |
| evenly   |      | This may also   |            |   | provide an even  |
| lit by   |      | lead to         |            |   | distribution of  |
| overhead |      | increased       |            |   | light. Group     |
| or wall  |      | errors.         |            |   | computer users   |
| lights?  |      |                 |            |   | that require     |
|          |      |                 |            |   |                  |
|          |      |                 |            |   | similar lighting |
|          |      |                 |            |   | levels in one    |
|          |      |                 |            |   | area. Reorient   |
|          |      |                 |            |   | work surfaces in |
|          |      |                 |            |   | cubicle to       |
|          |      |                 |            |   | provide light on |
|          |      |                 |            |   | needed surfaces. |
|          |      |                 |            |   | Add overhead     |
|          |      |                 |            |   | lights to        |
|          |      |                 |            |   | reduces shadows  |
|          |      |                 |            |   | and/or install   |
|          |      |                 |            |   | diffusers to     |
|          |      |                 |            |   | more evenly      |
|          |      |                 |            |   | distribute light |
|          |      |                 |            |   | (be aware that   |
|          |      |                 |            |   | either of these  |
|          |      |                 |            |   | can increase     |
|          |      |                 |            |   | glare on         |
|          |      |                 |            |   | monitors,        |
|          |      |                 |            |   | however).        |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+
| Are      |     | Low lighting    | Eye strain | • | Provide adequate |
| filing   | NO | and shadows may | Headaches  |   | overhead light   |
| and      |      | make it         |            |   | in filing and    |
| cop      | Y  | difficult to    |            |   | copier areas,    |
| ierareas | ES | see files,      |            |   | which mayrequire |
| well     |      | which could     |            |   | more light than  |
| lit?     |      | lead to         |            |   | computer         |
|          |      | misfiling.      |            |   | workstations.    |
+----------+------+-----------------+------------+---+------------------+

Organizational Issues

+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
| **Qu      |      | **Possible  | *          | * |                    |
| estions** |      | Problems**  | *Potential | * |                    |
|           |      |             | Di         | R |                    |
|           |      |             | scomfort** | e |                    |
|           |      |             |            | c |                    |
|           |      |             |            | o |                    |
|           |      |             |            | m |                    |
|           |      |             |            | m |                    |
|           |      |             |            | e |                    |
|           |      |             |            | n |                    |
|           |      |             |            | d |                    |
|           |      |             |            | e |                    |
|           |      |             |            | d |                    |
|           |      |             |            | S |                    |
|           |      |             |            | o |                    |
|           |      |             |            | l |                    |
|           |      |             |            | u |                    |
|           |      |             |            | t |                    |
|           |      |             |            | i |                    |
|           |      |             |            | o |                    |
|           |      |             |            | n |                    |
|           |      |             |            | s |                    |
|           |      |             |            | * |                    |
|           |      |             |            | * |                    |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            | • | Avoid placing      |
|           |      |             |            |   | paper and other    |
|           |      |             |            |   | white objects      |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | where they cause   |
|           |      |             |            |   | reflections on the |
|           |      |             |            |   | monitor            |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | screen.            |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             | Eye strain | • | Wear dark clothing |
|           |      |             |            |   | to avoid seeing    |
|           |      |             |            |   | your own           |
|           |      |             |            |   | reflection.        |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
| Is        |     | Glare       | Headaches  | • | Install parabolic  |
| reflected | NO | reflecting  |            | • | (egg crate)        |
| glare     |      | from work   |            |   | louvers on         |
| from the  |      | surfaces    |            |   | overhead lights to |
| en        |      | can also    |            |   | direct light       |
| vironment |      | shine into  |            |   | downward. Install  |
| m         |      |             |            |   | filters on         |
| inimized? |      |             |            |   | overhead lights.   |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           | Y  | workers\'   |            | • | Paint walls and    |
|           | ES | eyes and is |            |   | select furniture   |
|           |      | more        |            |   | and                |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      | difficult   | Neck and   |   | equipment with a   |
|           |      | to avoid.   | back       |   | matte finish to    |
|           |      |             |            |   | reduce             |
|           |      |             |            |   | reflections.       |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            | • | Switch to indirect |
|           |      |             |            |   | lighting (lights   |
|           |      |             |            |   | that reflect       |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | off of walls and   |
|           |      |             |            |   | the ceiling) and   |
|           |      |             |            |   | supplement         |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | with task          |
|           |      |             |            |   | lighting.          |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            | • | Provide separate   |
|           |      |             |            |   | enclosed rooms for |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | meetings, private  |
|           |      |             |            |   | conversations, or  |
|           |      |             |            |   | break              |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            |   | areas.             |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             |            | • | Repair and         |
|           |      |             |            |   | maintain equipment |
|           |      |             |            |   | to prevent         |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
|           |      |             | Hearing    | • | noisy malfunctions |
|           |      |             | damage     |   | Move noisy         |
|           |      |             | (highly    |   | machines (copiers, |
|           |      |             | unlikely   |   | staplers, fax      |
|           |      |             | in most    |   |                    |
|           |      |             | offices)   |   |                    |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+
| Are noise |     | Noise       | Stress     | • | machines, etc.) to |
| levels    | NO | levels      | Increased  | • | separate rooms or  |
| low       |      | above 85    | muscle     | • | floor to ceiling   |
| enough    | Y  | dBA may     | tension    |   | enclosures.        |
| that      | ES | cause       | Increased  |   | Discourage radio   |
| workers   |      | hearing     | general    |   | and telephone      |
| can work  |      | d           | fatigue    |   | conversation       |
| un        |      | amage(noise |            |   | levels that can be |
| disturbed |      | levels this |            |   | heard outside of   |
| by others |      | high are    |            |   | the individual\'s  |
| conv      |      | typically   |            |   | cubicle. Provide   |
| ersations |      | only found  |            |   | separate offices   |
| or        |      | with        |            |   | for people who     |
| eq        |      | computers   |            |   | require privacy or |
| uipment(c |      | that are    |            |   | who perform noisy  |
| omputers, |      | located     |            |   | tasks. Use         |
| radios    |      | near        |            |   | acoustical ceiling |
| ,copiers, |      | industrial  |            |   | tiles and wall     |
| etc.)?    |      | mach        |            |   | panels, carpet     |
|           |      | inery).High |            |   | floors, and        |
|           |      | noise       |            |   | install noise      |
|           |      | levels may  |            |   | attenuating        |
|           |      | be          |            |   | cubicle panels.    |
|           |      | distracting |            |   | Use electronic     |
|           |      | to          |            |   | noise masking      |
|           |      | employees   |            |   | systems in open    |
|           |      | ,increasing |            |   | areas (note: noise |
|           |      | errors and  |            |   | masking systems    |
|           |      | decreasing  |            |   | located directly   |
|           |      | pr          |            |   | over occupied      |
|           |      | oductivity. |            |   | spaces may be      |
|           |      | Continuous  |            |   | annoying to nearby |
|           |      | noise is a  |            |   | employees).        |
|           |      | source of   |            |   |                    |
|           |      | stress,     |            |   |                    |
|           |      | which       |            |   |                    |
|           |      | results in  |            |   |                    |
|           |      | an increase |            |   |                    |
|           |      | in muscle   |            |   |                    |
|           |      | tension.    |            |   |                    |
+-----------+------+-------------+------------+---+--------------------+

Organizational Analysis

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are jobs |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Rotate employees  |
| designed | NO | Factors:       |            | • | to tasks that use |
| so that  |      | Repetition**   |            |   | different muscle  |
| re       | Y  | Increased      |            |   | groups to allow   |
| petitive | ES | **duration of  |            |   | stressed muscles  |
| tasks    |      | exposure** to  |            |   | to rest. Allow    |
| are      |      | other risk     |            |   | job sharing to    |
| rotated  |      | factors.       |            |   | provide task      |
| or       |      |                |            |   | variety.          |
| shared   |      |                |            |   |                   |
| among    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| em       |      |                |            |   |                   |
| ployees? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
|          |      |                |            | • | Enlarge jobs to   |
|          |      |                |            |   | include more      |
|          |      |                |            |   | responsibility    |
|          |      |                |            |   | with less         |
|          |      |                |            |   | repetition.       |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is the   |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Add temporary or  |
| work     | NO | Factors:       |            |   | part-time staff   |
| week 40  |      | Repetition**   |            |   | when feasible.    |
| hours or | Y  | Increased      |            |   |                   |
| less?    | ES | **duration of  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | exposure** to  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | other risk     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | factors.       |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Does     |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Schedule          |
| task     | NO | Factors:       |            | • | employees to      |
| sc       |      | Repetition**   |            |   | tasks that use    |
| heduling | Y  | Increased      |            |   | different muscle  |
| take     | ES | **duration of  |            |   | groups. Spread    |
| into     |      | exposure** to  |            |   | repetitive tasks  |
| account  |      | other risk     |            |   | out over a longer |
| repeti   |      | factors.       |            |   | period.           |
| tiveness |      |                |            |   |                   |
| of       |      |                |            |   |                   |
| tasks?   |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Do       |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Adjust temporary  |
| staffing | NO | Factors:       |            |   | or part-time      |
| levels   |      | Repetition**   |            |   | staff to reduce   |
| take     | Y  | Increased      |            |   | excessive         |
| repeti   | ES | **duration of  |            |   | workloads.        |
| tiveness |      | exposure** to  |            |   |                   |
| into     |      | other risk     |            |   |                   |
| account? |      | factors.       |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Do       |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Request employee  |
| e        | NO | Factors:       |            | • | input when        |
| mployees |      | Repetition**   |            |   | setting           |
| have     | Y  | Increased      |            |   | deadlines,        |
| control  | ES | **duration of  |            |   | quotas, and       |
| over the |      | exposure** to  |            |   | customer service  |
| pace of  |      | other risk     |            |   | expectations      |
| the task |      | factors. Use   |            |   | (e.g. - number of |
| ?        |      | of too much    |            |   | phone calls       |
|          |      | **force** when |            |   | answered per      |
|          |      | rushing to     |            |   | hour). Eliminate  |
|          |      | meet deadlines |            |   | electronic        |
|          |      | under stress.  |            |   | monitoring of     |
|          |      | Lack of        |            |   | individual        |
|          |      | control leads  |            |   | output.           |
|          |      | to job         |            |   |                   |
|          |      | di             |            |   |                   |
|          |      | ssatisfaction. |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| **Que    |      | **Possible     | *          | * |                   |
| stions** |      | Problems**     | *Potential | * |                   |
|          |      |                | Di         | R |                   |
|          |      |                | scomfort** | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | c |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | m |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | e |                   |
|          |      |                |            | d |                   |
|          |      |                |            | S |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | l |                   |
|          |      |                |            | u |                   |
|          |      |                |            | t |                   |
|          |      |                |            | i |                   |
|          |      |                |            | o |                   |
|          |      |                |            | n |                   |
|          |      |                |            | s |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
|          |      |                |            | * |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| When     |     | No sense of    | Overall    | • | Request employee  |
| task     | NO | ownership; job |            |   | input on          |
| changes  |      | di             |            |   | decisions that    |
| are      | Y  | ssatisfaction; |            |   | affect their      |
| made,    | ES | less than      |            |   | work.             |
| are      |      | ideal job      |            |   |                   |
| workers  |      | design.        |            |   |                   |
| asked    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| for      |      |                |            |   |                   |
| their    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| input?   |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Has      |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Eliminate         |
| i        | NO | Factors:       |            |   | incentive work.   |
| ncentive |      | Repetition**   |            |   |                   |
| work     | Y  | Increased      |            |   |                   |
| been     | ES | **duration of  |            |   |                   |
| eli      |      | exposure** to  |            |   |                   |
| minated? |      | other risk     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | factors. Lack  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | of recovery    |            |   |                   |
|          |      | time when      |            |   |                   |
|          |      | working        |            |   |                   |
|          |      | through pain,  |            |   |                   |
|          |      | skipping       |            |   |                   |
|          |      | breaks. Use of |            |   |                   |
|          |      | too much       |            |   |                   |
|          |      | **force** when |            |   |                   |
|          |      | rushing to     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | increase       |            |   |                   |
|          |      | production     |            |   |                   |
|          |      | under stress.  |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Is       |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Look for low      |
| au       | NO | Factors:       |            |   | cost/short        |
| tomation |      | Repetition     |            |   | payback           |
| (e.g.    | Y  | Increased      |            |   | automation        |
| -        | ES | duration of    |            |   | possibilities,    |
| electric |      | exposure** to  |            |   | especially for    |
| s        |      | other risk     |            |   | repetitive tasks. |
| taplers, |      | factors        |            |   |                   |
| scanning |      | **Force** and  |            |   |                   |
| and      |      | **Contact      |            |   |                   |
| optical  |      | Stress**       |            |   |                   |
| c        |      | during certain |            |   |                   |
| haracter |      | tasks such as  |            |   |                   |
| reco     |      | stapling The   |            |   |                   |
| gnition, |      | human cost in  |            |   |                   |
| el       |      | terms of       |            |   |                   |
| ectronic |      | inefficiency   |            |   |                   |
| forms,   |      | and increased  |            |   |                   |
| c        |      | injury rate    |            |   |                   |
| ollating |      | may be higher  |            |   |                   |
| copiers) |      | than the       |            |   |                   |
| used     |      | machine cost.  |            |   |                   |
| where    |      |                |            |   |                   |
| f        |      |                |            |   |                   |
| easible? |      |                |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+
| Are rest |     | **Risk         | Overall    | • | Encourage break   |
| breaks   | NO | Factors:       |            |   | activities such   |
| away     |      | Repetition     |            |   | as walking or     |
| from the | Y  | Static Loading |            |   | talking with      |
| computer | ES | Increased      |            |   | co-workers.       |
| allowed  |      | duration of    |            |   |                   |
| and      |      | exposure** to  |            |   |                   |
| enc      |      | other risk     |            |   |                   |
| ouraged? |      | factors.       |            |   |                   |
+----------+------+----------------+------------+---+-------------------+

<http://www.lni.wa.gov/IPUB/417-133-000.pdf>