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| **U.S.      |                  |        |        |                  |
| D           |                  |        |        |                  |
| epartment** |                  |        |        |                  |
|             |                  |        |        |                  |
| **of        |                  |        |        |                  |
| Trans       |                  |        |        |                  |
| portation** |                  |        |        |                  |
|             |                  |        |        |                  |
| Federal     |                  |        |        |                  |
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+-------------+------------------+--------+--------+------------------+
| *           |                  | **D    |        | **AC No:**       |
| *Subject:** |                  | ate:** |        | 150/5220-18A     |
| BUILDINGS   |                  | Sep    |        |                  |
| FOR STORAGE |                  | tember |        | **Change:**      |
| AND         |                  | 14,    |        |                  |
| MAINTENANCE |                  | 2007   |        |                  |
| OF AIRPORT  |                  |        |        |                  |
| SNOW AND    |                  | **Ini  |        |                  |
| ICE CONTROL |                  | tiated |        |                  |
| EQUIPMENT   |                  | by:**  |        |                  |
| AND         |                  | A      |        |                  |
| MATERIALS   |                  | AS-100 |        |                  |
+-------------+------------------+--------+--------+------------------+

1.  **PURPOSE.** This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for the
    site selection and design of buildings used to store and maintain
    airport snow and ice control equipment, store approved materials,
    and provide personnel areas required to support the requirements
    under the airport operator's winter storm management plan.

2.  **CANCELLATION.** AC 150/5220-18, *Buildings for Storage and
    Maintenance of Airport Snow and Ice Control Equipment and
    Materials,* dated October 15, 1992, is cancelled.

3.  **APPLICATION.** The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
    recommends the guidelines and standards in this AC for the design of
    airport snow and ice control equipment and materials storage
    buildings at public-used airports. This AC does not constitute a
    regulation and in general is not mandatory. However, use of these
    guidelines is mandatory for aircraft deicing facilities funded under
    Federal grant assistance programs. Mandatory terms such as "must"
    used herein apply only to those who establish aircraft deicing
    facilities using Airport Improvement Program (AIP) or Passenger
    Facility Charge Program (PFC) funds.

4.  **PRINCIPAL CHANGES.** The following principal changes are
    incorporated:

    a.  Expanded the definition of "building" to include those personnel
        areas necessary to support the requirements under an airport
        operator's winter storm management plan. For airport operators
        certificated under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations, part
        139, *Certification of Airports,* the written plan is referred
        to as the *Snow and Ice Control Plan* (see 14 CFR section
        139.313, *Snow and Ice Control).*

    b.  Added a new definition of airport size classification according
        to the total paved runway area at the airport, which in turn
        determines the sizing of the building.

    c.  Provided more guidance about determining the total space
        allocation of buildings according to a methodology that uses
        three defined areas: Storage Areas, Support Areas, and Special
        Equipment Areas.

    d.  Added the concept of an Equipment Safety Zone (ESZ) surrounding
        equipment to account for the vast variability of widths and
        lengths available with today's snow and ice control equipment.

    e.  Deleted "combined facilities" paragraph for joint use with
        aircraft rescue and fire fighting service.

    f.  Updated guidance, via tables of square footages, for Storage
        Areas, Support Areas, and Special Equipment Areas.

    g.  Added an overhead crane requirement (Table 3-4).

    h.  Updated typical building layout configurations (Figures 3-1,
        3-2, and 3-3).

![](media/image2.png){width="2.5881944444444445in"
height="0.6041666666666666in"}

David L. Bennett

#### Director of Airport Safety and Standards

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

**1-1. BACKGROUND.** Airport operators use costly pieces of complex and
technologically advanced equipment for the control of snow, slush, and
ice on the Nation's airports. To protect and service this expensive
investment, specifically designed maintenance buildings with adequate
storage areas are needed.

a.  These buildings, in addition to providing a protective environment
    for equipment, are designed for the storage of supportive materials,
    such as de/anti-icing materials and sand, and for equipment parts
    inventories.

b.  Airport operators frequently find it advantageous to include
    additional space within such buildings to store non-winter type
    equipment, such as airfield lighting equipment, grass cutting
    equipment, rubber removal devices, or bird patrol vehicles. The
    additional space is not necessarily eligible for Federal assistance
    under the Airport Improvement Program and the Passenger Facility
    Charge Program.

c.  These buildings are to be located on an airport to provide easy
    responses by snow clearing crews to control snow, slush, and ice
    conditions, as well as a convenient location for repairing,
    servicing, and fueling equipment.

d.  All buildings should be designed by an architect and/or engineer
    that is familiar with the airport operational needs to ensure
    efficient winter clearing operations and equipment repairs and
    service.

**1-2. EXPLANATION OF TERMS.**

**a. Airport Size.** The term refers to a classification of airports
according to the total paved runway area *identified* by the airport
operator's winter storm management plan that will be cleared of snow,
ice, and/or slush. This definition takes into account the practice where
an airport operator closes a smaller runway, such as a GA runway, to
*focus its equipment fleet on the identified runway(s)*. In other words,
airport size relates only to opened runways. The total paved area in
turn determines the sizing of the building. The values provided below
exclude paved taxiways and aprons/gate areas. *Note: Landside operation
areas do not contribute to the airport size definitions listed below*.

**(1) Small Airport.** Airport having less than 420,000 square feet
(39,040 m^2^) of total paved runway.

**(2) Medium Airport.** Airport having at least 420,000 but less than
700,000 square feet (39,040 -- 65,060 m^2^) of total paved runway.

**(3)** **Large Airport.** Airport having at least 700,000 but less than
1,000,000 square feet (65,060 -- 92950 m^2^) of total paved runway.

**(4) Very Large Airport.** Airport having at least 1,000,000 square
feet (92,950 m^2^) of total paved runway.

**b. Building.** The term refers to the structure(s) designed and
constructed specifically for the storage and maintenance of snow and ice
control equipment, approved materials, and personnel areas that support
the requirements under the airport operator's winter storm management
plan.

**c. Building Space.** The term refers to the total building space
allocation, which consists of three defined areas as follows:

**(1) Storage Area.** The term refers to designated areas leading to and
including the parking areas for snow removal and friction measuring
equipment and for storing snow and ice control materials (e.g.,
de/anti-icers and heated sand) and equipment parts (e.g., bristles,
neoprene blades, and brushes). Some of these items, such as chemicals
and sand, could be stored in separate buildings.

**(2) Support Areas.** The term refers to administrative and equipment
maintenance areas. Administrative areas include a supervisor's office, a
mechanic's/clerk's office, separate or joint-use training/lunch room,
lockers, and lavatories. Equipment maintenance areas include repair
bays, steam cleaning bays, and a welding area.

**(3) Special Equipment Areas.** The term refers to rooms or areas for
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, steam
generation, emergency power, and air compressor equipment as well as the
machine room(s).

**d. Equipment.** The term refers to all devices used by airport
operators to control and remove snow and ice from aircraft operational
areas. Equipment includes displacement and rotary snowplows,
sweepers/brooms, material and chemical spreaders, carrier vehicles,
multipurpose vehicles, friction measuring equipment, and accessory
equipment (e.g., front end loaders, scrapers, and hitches).

**e. Landside.** The term refers to pavement areas located away from the
airfield, that is, non-aircraft operational areas.

**f. Materials.** The term refers to all approved materials used by
airport operators to control and remove snow and ice from aircraft
operational areas. It includes solid and liquid de/anti-icers and sand
to enhance the frictional characteristics of pavements.

**g. Snow and Ice Control Plan.** A plan required under 14 CFR section
139.313, *Snow and Ice Control*, that is written by the airport
operators at airports where snow and ice conditions exist. AC
150/5200-30, *Airport Winter Safety and Operations*, and AC 150/5210-22,
*Airport Certification Manual*, provide information about the
development of such plans.

**1-3. PLANNING FACTORS.** Although the information contained in this AC
is recommended for civil airports, not all of its content may be
appropriate for the airport because of airport's size (such as general
aviation airports), characteristics, site location, joint use, and other
conditions or limitations. Conditions and requirements at each airport,
in particular the ***severity of storm events*** encountered by the
airport, are usually unique and must be clearly understood before
building dimensions and interior space allocations are determined. The
FAA encourages airports lacking an engineering department to use a
consulting firm when determining appropriate layouts and size of various
building components.

> **CHAPTER 2. BUILDING SITING REQUIREMENTS**

**2-1. LOCATION.**

a.  **Siting Factors.** The location of the building must address, at a
    minimum, the following safety details.

    1.  The building must be sited in such a manner that activities
        associated with the facility---in particular, egress/ingress by
        snow clearing crews, employees, and deliveries---do not
        interfere with fire lanes used by the airport rescue and fire
        fighting (ARFF) service or hamper aircraft taxiing operations.

    2.  In order to reduce wear and tear of equipment and slow
        responses, the site must provide snow clearing crews with direct
        access to taxiways and runways instead of using perimeter roads
        or circuitous routes to reach runways and taxiways. Figure 2-1
        suggests several preferred sites.

    3.  The site must emphasize the mitigation of runway incursions by
        eliminating the need for employee, private and service vehicles
        to cross runways or taxiways to reach the building.

    4.  The site must take into consideration its affect on other
        existing facilities, such as cargo facilities and fueling areas.
        When the operating efficiency of the snow crews is not impaired,
        the building location should avoid existing and future
        revenue-producing areas, such as ramps and hangar areas.

![](media/image3.wmf){width="4.446527777777778in"
height="1.5756944444444445in"}![](media/image3.wmf){width="4.0256944444444445in"
height="2.1145833333333335in"}

Figure 2-1. Building Locations for Storage and Maintenance of Airport
Snow and Ice Control Equipment

b.  **Expansion Capabilities -- Land Tract and Building.** The land
    tract designated for the building should be large enough to
    accommodate future building expansions and employee parking.
    Furthermore, the design of the building should anticipate a 10- to
    15-percent future growth with respect to personnel space and snow
    equipment parking. For example, an increase to the total airfield
    paved area may result in more snow equipment or larger pieces of
    equipment. In turn, the airport operator may deem it necessary to
    add more or enlarge equipment parking slots, convert a common
    eating/training room into two separate rooms, add new offices for
    operational managers and administrative functions, or add or enlarge
    sleeping quarters, locker rooms, and bathrooms. When planning these
    buildings, airports should keep in mind two frequent factors
    triggering the need for building expansion: new or extended runways
    and taxiways (paved areas) and operational changes that require
    larger equipment and/or larger snow clearing crew and supporting
    staff**.**

c.  **FAA Regulations on Location.**

    1.  The height and configuration of the building must not constitute
        a hazard or obstruction to airspace criteria contained in AC
        150/5300-13, *Airport Design*.

    2.  The height and configuration of the building must not interfere
        with navigational and surveillance aids.

    3.  The height and configuration of the building must not block
        airfield surveillance to any portion of any runway, taxiway or
        terminal areas by the ARFF service and by the airport traffic
        control tower (direct line of sight).

    4.  Chemical runoffs, such as by de/anti-icing chemicals, oils,
        fuel, and greases common to such buildings, must be mitigated in
        accordance with Federal or State Environmental Protection Agency
        (EPA) regulations for storm water discharges.

    5.  All building construction or expansion on public-use airports
        requires an advance notice to the appropriate FAA regional
        Airports Division.

    6.  For Federally assisted airports, the building and associated
        support areas must be shown on the approved Airport Layout Plan
        (ALP).

**2-2. BUILDING ORIENTATION.**

**a. Siting.** In those instances where options for building orientation
are available, it is preferable for buildings having all entrances for
snow equipment on one side to have the entrance(s) parallel and downwind
(leeward side) to the prevailing winter winds. This orientation allows
the prevailing winds to sweep snow away from the entrance(s). Buildings
with entrances on two or more faces should be orientated to minimize the
accumulation of drifting snow at the entrance doors to the building.
Where such orientations are not an option, the airport should consider
whether incorporating fences or vegetation onto the site will help
reduce the amount of snow accumulation at the entrances.

**b. Fueling Facilities.** Fueling facilities should be located on the
leeward side of the building to minimize the risk of wind-born fuel
vapors and fuel spills entering the building. Provisions for dealing
with fuel spills must be in accordance with Federal EPA, State, and
local environmental regulations.

**2-3. EXTERIOR APPEARANCE AND LANDSCAPING.** The exterior finish,
landscaping, and overall appearance of the building should blend in with
the rest of the airport. It is recommended that snow clearing management
consult with a landscape architect and other design professionals during
the early planning stages to determine the best design options.

**a. Exterior Finish.** The recommended materials for the exterior are
those that offer long life with little or no maintenance. Metal siding,
however, should not be used at locations where it could create
interference with communications and electronic navigational aids.

**b. Landscaping.** The landscaping design should avoid large trees and
fences that could impede equipment movement, disrupt line of sight to
the airfield, violate air space obstruction criteria (mature tree
height), or require excessive care and maintenance. The selected
landscaping plan should not become a wildlife hazard attractant. If the
airport operator has a wildlife hazard management plan, then the
landscaping should be in accordance with the plan.

This page intentionally left blank.

CHAPTER 3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS

**3-1. GENERAL.** The internal configuration of the building with its
storage, support, and special equipment areas should lend itself to
support the airport operator's operational requirements identified in
its winter storm management plan. For airports certificated under 14 CFR
part 139, the written plan is referred to as the *Snow and Ice Control
Plan* (see section 139.313, *Snow and Ice Control)*. The building should
be designed so noise levels generated in the equipment and maintenance
areas are reduced sufficiently so adjacent offices/sleeping quarters
meet the criteria of paragraph 3-4(c) below or local building noise
codes, whichever are more stringent. All buildings must comply with
local fire building codes and ordinances.

**3-2. BUILDING CONFIGURATION.** The configuration of the building must
take into account two distinct functions: one related to people and the
other related to equipment. The first function focuses on administrative
and operational functions, in particular, a *"Snow Desk,"* and personnel
needs, such as a kitchen and eating area, training room, restrooms, and
possibly sleeping/rest area. Experience shows that worker morale and
efficiency are directly related to environmentally friendly working
conditions.

The second function focuses on the size and type of equipment needed to
maintain winter clearing operations at an airport, together with areas
for the storage, support, and special equipment needs. In other words,
the design goal of the configuration is to facilitate the duties of
personnel, expedite the movement of equipment, and provide ready access
to materials and supplies. Figures 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 offer general
building configurations based on the various maneuvering sizes of
equipment fleets. These figures are *only for illustration purposes* and
can easily change in terms of room location and size and
deletion/addition of areas.

a.  **Design Layouts for the Movement and Care of Equipment.**

**(1) Drive-through Design.** One efficient building design for airports
with small to medium equipment fleets is the drive-through design where
a separate entrance and parking stall is provided for each type of
equipment or similar types of equipment (see Figure 3-1). This design
generally requires maneuvering equipment outside the facility prior to
driving through. Thus, the design option requires a larger apron area.
Depending on the size of the equipment fleet, this approach does
conserve the total space needed for the building, thus lowering building
costs. Personnel access doors are installed where needed.

**(2) Center-aisle Design.** One efficient building design for airports
with medium to large equipment fleets is a center-aisle design where
equipment back into equipment stalls (see Figures 3-2 and 3-3). While
providing central access to all parking stalls, this design may require
fewer doors than other design combinations. Usually the building will
have one or two large door (drive-through) for equipment ingress and
egress and one or more smaller doors for personnel access.

**(3)** **Back-in Design.** An efficient building design for airports
with small equipment fleets is the design that provides a single door
with a parking stall for each piece of equipment. This design usually
consists of one to three equipment bays. Personnel access doors are
installed where needed.

**(4) Modified Design.** This design combines features from the above
configurations.

**b. Specific Features.**

**(1) General Storage Areas.** Areas should be provided to store oil,
grease, tires, recycled oil, used oil and antifreeze, and equipment
components, such as bristles, sweeper wafers, plow blades, hitches, and
spreader boxes. For efficient space allocation, consider the use of
mezzanine storage areas or multiple heavy-duty bins placed along major
wall areas.

**(2) Deicer and Sand Material Storage Designs.** Evidence has shown
that sand and solid de/anti-icing chemicals stored outdoors deteriorate
or change composition, thereby altering their handling properties and/or
effectiveness. To prevent deterioration, dry materials must be stored in
a sheltered structure, either within the main building or a separate
facility that offers a "conditioned" environment. "Conditioned" in this
context means the ability of the structure to maintain solid deicers and
sand in a dry condition to eliminate "caking." It is recommended that
sand storage areas offer the ability to heat sand to improve its
adhesion to ice/snow-covered pavements when applied. Liquid deicers,
whether stored within the main building or outside, must be stored in
tanks with delivery systems as recommended by the deicer manufacturer.
For environmental reasons, the use of above-ground liquid deicer storage
tanks instead of underground storage tanks is preferred. All tanks
should meet local building codes governing electrical wiring, grounding,
and lightning protection (outside installations).

All tanks and solid material storage areas must comply with applicable
Federal, state, and local environmental runoff and ground water
regulations. Adequately sized storage areas are those in which (1) the
loading of solid materials onto spreader trucks is not restricted or
difficult and (2) solid material does not spill outside the limits of
the storage floor area during delivery. Additionally, manufacturers of
solid deicers may recommend that their product(s) be stored in an area
that is dehumidified to avoid "caking." Theses storage conditions are
required in order for solid deicers to maintain their material
consistencies as indicated by material specifications during wet and
cold conditions.

**(3) Welding Area.** As preferred by airport operators, this area
should be open or adjacent to a repair bay. Such a configuration allows
large-sized equipment to be easily accessible for welding and metal
retrofitting work. Regardless of location of the welding area, proper
exhaust and ventilation in accordance with local building codes must be
incorporated into the building design to mitigate harmful fumes within
the building.

**(4) Wash and Steam Cleaning Bay.** Evidence has shown not only that
unsheltered equipment deterioration accelerates year round, but that
further deterioration occurs when accumulated dirt and chemical
contamination remains on unwashed equipment. Dirt and chemical
contamination should be removed from equipment after storm events.
Therefore, to extend the life and proper functioning of snow control
equipment, the building must have a vehicle wash and steam cleaning bay
(area) or the airport operator must have access to a site that offers
self-service or paid washing and steam cleaning services. One bay should
be sufficient for most airports except those with very large equipment
fleets. It is not unusual to find the wash and steam cleaning bay
located adjacent to the main building in smaller-sized facilities.
Regardless of location, the runoff waste must be caught by basins or in
some other fashion to comply with EPA, State, and local storm water
regulations.

![](media/image4.wmf){width="6.367361111111111in"
height="8.258333333333333in"}

##### Figure 3-1. Small- to Medium-Sized Fleet -- Typical Building Layout for Drive-through Design

![](media/image5.wmf)

##### Figure 3-2. Medium- to Large-Sized Fleet -- Typical Building Layout for Central-Aisle Design 

![](media/image6.wmf){width="6.301388888888889in"
height="7.936805555555556in"}

**Figure 3-3. Large- to Very Large-Sized Fleet -- Typical Building
Layout for**

**Central-Aisle Design**

**3-3. TOTAL SPACE ALLOCATIONS.** The total space allocation for the
building is based on the sum of the individual areas determined
necessary to meet three functionally defined purposes: (1) ***Storage
Areas,*** (2) ***Support Areas,*** and (3) ***Special Equipment
Areas*.** Space allocations for each of these areas are determined by
provided tables, equipment clearance values, or local building codes and
ordinances. When the individual space recommendations of this advisory
circular are less than local building codes or ordinances, the latter
must govern the total space allocation requirement.

**a. Storage Areas.** This area is basically divided into three
components: (1) an area for equipment to enter the building, park, and
exit the building; (2) an area for the storage of snow and ice control
materials, namely, fluid/dry de/anti-icers and/or sand; and (3) an area
for storing equipment parts, accessories, and related materials.

**(1) Equipment Clearances and Parking Areas.** Space allocation for
equipment is based on the number and type of equipment comprising the
fleet as recommended by AC 150/5200-30, *Airport Winter Safety and
Operations*, and AC 150/5220-20, *Airport Snow and Ice Control
Equipment*. In general, the fleet is established by a "trigger" (the
depth of snow fall, icing conditions) selected by the airport operator
that commences clearing operations for an *identified* total airside
pavement surface within a specified time, i.e., compliance with the
airport operator's snow management plan or, for 14 CFR part 139
certificated airports, the *Snow and Ice Control Plan*. Once the number
and types of equipment are determined, the following methodology yields
general space allocations for fleet parking and maneuvering. First,
since available equipment varies widely in widths and lengths, the
concept of an ***Equipment Safety Zone (ESZ)*** surrounding the
equipment is employed. Table 3-1 provides ESZ clearance standards in
accordance with equipment location and fixed or moving objects.

**(2) Snow and Ice Control Materials.** The space allocations for solid
de/anti-icers and sand should be determined by the airport operator's
operational requirements and historical usage amounts. It is recommended
the final value represent sufficient material on hand to last several
storm events (two to three events). Storage tanks for fluid
de/anti-icers are recommended to hold at a minimum 120 percent of the
amount of fluid used for a single storm (a "single" storm event may
represent several closely spaced storm events in a given week). Table
3-2 provides a range for floor areas based on the amount of product used
and stored by airport operators located in the northeast region of the
United States. Caution should be taken when determining floor areas to
consider the approach used by the airport operator to combat the type of
winter storms encountered at the airport and the difficulty in receiving
new material deliveries and their replenishment during storms.

**(i)** **Sand and Solid De/Anti-icers.** Sand and solid de/anti-icers
must be stored separately and kept dry to maintain the materials in a
friable (loose) condition. Separation walls should be constructed of
concrete with storage areas located on the leeward side of the building
(downwind) whenever possible to minimize the introduction of moisture.
Floors and walls should have sufficient strength to take the abuse,
weight, rough loading, and unloading of product from heavy dump trucks
and other type of loading equipment. Moisture must be reduced to
maintain products in a friable condition throughout the material (bottom
to top of pile) by (1) applying waterproofing, in case of partial
underground wall exposure, (2) maintaining a dry storage area, (3)
having floors sloping a minimum of ¼ inch per foot toward the main
access door, and (4) installing a drainage channel that run continuously
along the inside of the main access door(s) in order to collect excess
water thereby reducing moisture accumulations along the lower wall
sections in the storage area. Some airports have taken the measure to
provide heated concrete floors.

**Table 3-1. Minimum Equipment Space Allocations Using the Equipment
Safety Zone Concept**

+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+
|              | **Minimum   |              |           |             |
|              | Clearances  |              |           |             |
|              | for         |              |           |             |
|              | Equipment   |              |           |             |
|              | Safety Zone |              |           |             |
|              | (ESZ)**     |              |           |             |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+
| Parked       | 5 feet (1.5 | 4 feet (1.2  | 10 feet   | 10 feet (3  |
| Equipment    | m)          | m)           | (3 m)     | m)          |
|              |             |              |           |             |
| *Use the     | When next   | When rear of | Parallel  | From door   |
| parked       | to side     | parked       | to other  | opening.    |
| vehicle      | walls or    | equipment    | parked    |             |
| without      | other       | faces a wall | equipment |             |
| attachments* | stationary  | or other     | (parallel |             |
|              | objects.    | stationary   | parking)  |             |
|              |             | objects.     |           |             |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+
|              |             |              |           |             |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+
| Moving       | 15 feet (5  | Between      |           |             |
| Equipment    | m)          | moving       |           |             |
|              |             | equipment on |           |             |
| On           | From parked | *dual        |           |             |
|              | equipment   | d            |           |             |
| Single or    | that        | rive-through |           |             |
| Dual Drive-  | includes a  | lanes*       |           |             |
|              | safe walk   |              |           |             |
| Through Lane | around zone |              |           |             |
|              | in front of |              |           |             |
| *Assumes a   | at least 3  |              |           |             |
| 7-ft (2.1 m) | feet (0.9   |              |           |             |
| carrier      | m).         |              |           |             |
| vehicle      |             |              |           |             |
| width with   |             |              |           |             |
| attachments  |             |              |           |             |
| at 30-degree |             |              |           |             |
| p            |             |              |           |             |
| erpendicular |             |              |           |             |
| to vehicle   |             |              |           |             |
| body*        |             |              |           |             |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+
|              |             | 10 feet (3   | 14 feet   | 20 feet     |
|              |             | m)           | (4.3 m)   | (6.1 m)     |
|              |             |              |           |             |
|              |             | Small        | Int       | Large Plows |
|              |             | Pl           | ermediate | and Large   |
|              |             | ows***^1^*** | Plows and | Sweepers    |
|              |             |              | Small     | ***^1^***   |
|              |             | 10 ft or     | Sweepers  |             |
|              |             | less         | ***^1^*** | Over 15 ft  |
|              |             |              |           | up to 22 ft |
|              |             | (3 m)        | Over 10   |             |
|              |             |              | ft up to  | (4.6 -- 6.7 |
|              |             |              | 15 ft     | m)          |
|              |             |              |           |             |
|              |             |              | (3 -- 4.6 |             |
|              |             |              | m)        |             |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+

Note 1. - Sizes as defined per *AC 150/5220-20, Airport Snow and Ice
Control Equipment.*

Attachments over 22 ft (6.7 m) are attached outside the building.

**(ii)** **Liquid De/Anti-icing Fluids.** Bulk liquid de/anti-icing
fluids may be stored in either above- or underground storage tanks
within or outside of the building. (See figures 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3).
Inside storage may be considered for small quantities of deicer fluid in
drums. Locations that normally experience severe weather conditions
should consider insulation of above-ground tanks to prevent the fluids
from turning slushy. All underground storage tanks, together with their
service lines, must conform to EPA's underground storage tank
requirements. All tanks should be located in such a manner as to provide
clear ramp areas for the movement of equipment.

**(iii)** **Salt.** ***Salt must be used only on non-airside areas, such
as roadways, sidewalks, and parking lots, located outside the aircraft
operational area.*** Because it is highly corrosive to aircraft and
airfield facilities, it must be separately stored away, not adjacent to,
storage areas housing sand and solid de/anti-icing materials that are
approved for the use on the airport's operational areas. Salt storage
must be labeled to alert or prevent personnel from inadvertently mixing
the salt with airside-approved materials.

**(3) Equipment Parts and Accessories.** The floor allocations for these
items should be determined by the airport operator, which bases the
final value on the types of equipment used and their accessories,
maintenance products, and parts to replace worn or damaged parts. Table
3-2 provides typical space allocations for parts.

**b. Support Areas.** Support areas fall into two basic areas: (1) an
area dedicated to administrative duties, an operational area or "snow
desk," employee areas, such as a kitchen, eating area,
training/conference room, restrooms, and sleeping areas; and (2) an area
dedicated to the maintenance and repair of equipment. Table 3-3 offers
typical space allocations for items that fall under the category of
Support Areas.

**c. Special Equipment Area.** Table 3-4 offers typical space
allocations for items that fall under the category of Special Equipment
Area. Local building and ordinances may require larger areas than stated
in Table 3-4. In such cases, local building and ordinances must be
followed.

**Table 3-2. Typical Storage Allocations for Material Storage Items**

+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Snow and Ice Control       | Range *^1,\ 2^*                         |
| Material Types             |                                         |
|                            | Square Feet                             |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | (square meters)                         |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Sand Storage               | 150 - 500                               |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | (14 - 46)                               |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Bagged or Bulk Solid       | 100 - 400                               |
| Deicer Storage             |                                         |
|                            | (9 - 37)                                |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Salt Storage *^3^*         | 100 - 300                               |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | (9 - 28)                                |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

> **Notes**:
>
> **1.** Sizing needs are highly influenced by the approach used and the
> quantity of material or combination of materials applied to combat the
> type of winter storms encountered at the airport.
>
> **2.** Difficulty in the delivery of materials during actual winter
> storms and cost of delivery throughout the winter season play a
> substantial role in determining additional storage area requirements.
>
> **3. *Salt is only for landside use*.** Federal funding for salt
> storage areas is not allowed under the ***Airport Improvement Program
> or Passenger Facility Charge Program*.**

**Table 3-3. Typical Storage Space Allocations for Support Items**

+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| **Items under       | **Airport Size  |               |             |
| Support Area**      | *^1^***         |               |             |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
|                     | **Small-Sized** | *             | **Large and |
|                     |                 | *Medium-Sized | Very        |
|                     | **Airport       | Airport**     | La          |
|                     | *^2^***         |               | rge-Sized** |
|                     |                 | **Square feet |             |
|                     | **Square feet   | (m)**         | *           |
|                     | (m)**           |               | *Airports** |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     |                 |               | **Square    |
|                     |                 |               | feet (m)**  |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Snow Desk *^4^*     | 100             | 144           | 200 - 400   |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(9\)           | \(13\)        | (19 - 37)   |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Supervisor's Office | 120             | 140           | 140         |
| *^4^*               |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(11\)          | \(13\)        | \(13\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Mechanic's Office   | 100\*           | 150           | 150         |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(9\)           | \(14\)        | \(14\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Administrative Area | 200\*           | 200           | 400         |
| *^4^*               |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(19\)          | \(19\)        | \(37\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Training Room *^4^* | 300             | 400           | 400         |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(28\)          | \(37\)        | \(37\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Lunch Room *^4^*    | Combine with    | 300           | 600         |
|                     | training room   |               |             |
|                     |                 | \(28\)        | \(56\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Kitchen *^4^*       | Combine with    | Combine with  | 200         |
|                     | training room   | lunch room    |             |
|                     |                 |               | \(19\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Rest Room/Lavatory  | 300             | 500           | 700         |
| for Men and Women   |                 |               |             |
| (or local building  | \(28\)          | \(46\)        | \(65\)      |
| code) *^4^*         |                 |               |             |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Lockers *^4^*       | Combine with    | 500           | 700         |
|                     | Rest Rooms      |               |             |
|                     |                 | \(46\)        | \(65\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Sleeping Quarters   | 56              | 56            | 56          |
| *^3^*               |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(5\)           | \(5\)         | \(5\)       |
| Bunk area per       |                 |               |             |
| person              |                 |               |             |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Parts Area          | 600\*           | 800           | 1000        |
| associated with     |                 |               |             |
| snow removal        | \(56\)          | \(74\)        | \(93\)      |
| operation           |                 |               |             |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Parts Area          | 200             | 300           | 400         |
| associated directly |                 |               |             |
| to snow vehicles    | \(19\)          | \(28\)        | \(37\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Lubrication, Oil,   | 100-150         | 150 - 200     | 150 - 200   |
| Grease Storage      |                 |               |             |
|                     | (9 - 14)        | (14 - 19)     | (14 - 19)   |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Welding Area        | 200\*           | 200           | 400         |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(19\)          | \(19\)        | \(37\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Recycled Oil and    | 150             | 200           | 200         |
| Used Anti-freeze    |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(14\)          | \(19\)        | \(19\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Mechanic's Bench    | 100             | 200           | 400         |
| Area (along walls)  |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(10\)          | \(19\)        | \(37\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Repair Bay --       | 1\*             | 1             | 2           |
| Number of Bays and  |                 |               |             |
| square footage per  | 600             | 1000          | 1000        |
| repair bay          |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(56\)          | \(93\)        | \(93\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Cleaning Bay        | 600\*           | 1000          | 1000        |
|                     |                 |               |             |
|                     | \(56\)          | \(93\)        | \(93\)      |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+
| Emergency First Aid | Combine with    | Combine with  | 75          |
| Room^4^             | lunch room      | training room |             |
|                     |                 |               | \(7\)       |
+---------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+

**Notes:**

**1.** See paragraph 1-2 of Chapter 1 for definition of airport sizes.

**2.** Airports with less than 225,000 square feet (20,910 m^2^) of
total paved runway will not necessarily need items marked with an
asterisk (**\***).

**3.** Certain airport operators may deem it necessary to have sleeping
quarters.

**4.** Small airports may have a separate building that houses and
services equipment, chemicals while another building, such as the
terminal, houses administrative functions and crew facilities.

**Table 3-4. Typical Storage Allocations for Special Equipment Items**

+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| **Items under Special Equipment Area**   | **Range**                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | **Square Feet**           |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | **(square meters)**       |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| HVAC Area                                | 300 - 800                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | (28 -- 75)                |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Recycled Oil and Used Anti-freeze        | 150 - 300                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | (14 - 28)                 |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Emergency Power Generation               | 100 - 300                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | (9 - 28)                  |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Hydraulic Lift, Vacuum Pumps, and Air    | 100 - 200                 |
| Compressor                               |                           |
|                                          | (9 - 19)                  |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Steam Generation                         | 100 - 150                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | (9 - 14)                  |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Major/Large Power Tools                  | 100 - 200                 |
|                                          |                           |
|                                          | (9 - 19)                  |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Overhead Crane                           | *One per building with    |
|                                          | very large-sized airports |
|                                          | having two*               |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------+

**3-4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS.**

a.  **Local, State, and National Codes and Ordinances.** All applicable
    local, State, and national codes and ordinances must be followed in
    the design, construction, or modification of a building. Special
    attention should be given to buildings situated in areas that
    experience severe weather conditions or natural phenomena, such as
    earthquakes or tornadoes.

b.  **U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations.** Airports
    are subject to the EPA's Clean Water Act, which includes Storm Water
    Discharge Regulations. These regulations set limits on the amount of
    specific pollutants generated at the building that can be discharged
    directly into the surface waters of the United States. All building
    drains and conduits must comply with the airport's overall discharge
    permit to ensure that limits established under EPA regulations or by
    the State/locality are not exceeded. Guidance on handling potential
    surface water may be found in AC 150/5320-15, *Management of Airport
    Industrial Waste*.

c.  **Noise Reduction.** If the building is located within an airport's
    day-night average sound level ***(24-hour average sound level)***
    DNL 65 dB to 75 dB noise contours, acoustic insulation should be
    considered for certain areas of the building, such as the eating
    area and training room. The internal noise level of administrative
    areas and, if provided, sleeping areas of the building, should
    achieve an outdoor-to-indoor noise level reduction to 45 dB through
    appropriate noise level reduction (NLRs) means, as described in
    Table 1, *Land Use Compatibility with Yearly Day-Night Average Sound
    Levels*, in Appendix A of 14 CFR part 150, *Airport Noise
    Compatibility Planning.*

d.  **Ceiling Height or Vertical Clearances.** Vertical clearances must
    accommodate the maximum height of any piece of equipment that is
    either budgeted for or currently in use. These clearances should be
    a maximum of 22 feet (6.7 m) as measured from the floor to ceiling
    in the service area. This door opening height will permit high
    profile vehicles to negotiate within the building as well as allow
    material spreader trucks to elevate their beds for maintenance.

e.  **Roof.** Roof structural load capacity should also take into
    account loads due to light and heavy storage of snow related
    materials, parts, and supplies and general support service equipment
    hung from or stored between roof support structures, such as
    equipment stored in/from deep trusses.

f.  **Floors.** The building must have a high-strength, reinforced
    concrete floor system with sufficient bearing capacity to support
    both live loads exerted by heavy equipment (stationary or mobile)
    and for the materials being stored.

g.  **Floor Drainage.** Floor drains with slotted cast steel covers
    should be provided in all areas of the building where melting snow
    and other contaminants may drop from equipment. The floor should be
    gently sloped to these drains to ensure against water puddles.
    Threshold drains are recommended to handle the drainage from melted
    snow, aid in routine cleaning of the building, and prevent water
    from collecting at the thresholds or in front of door openings where
    the melt may turn into ice. Service and storage areas should have
    appropriate drainage with covers suitable for the area. All floor
    drains should connect to a separate drainage system designed to
    collect, separate, or treat materials and industrial waste and
    comply with the EPA Clean Water Act and Storm Water Discharge
    Regulations.

h.  **Employee Exterior Doors.** Exterior doors should be selected
    according to their primary function. For example, exterior doors for
    the reception area normally contain some glass, while side doors may
    or may not contain a look-through glass panel. Regardless, exterior
    doors should offer some security against unlawful entry and offer a
    level of noise reduction of airfield-generated noises. One important
    design feature for exterior doors that receive "high personnel
    traffic" is the prevention of interior building heat loss. In those
    cases, a double door design or special space heaters, situated above
    the exterior doors, should be designed into the building to minimize
    interior building heat loss.

i.  **Equipment Ingress/Egress Overhead Doors.** Equipment should enter
    the building through an overhead industrial-type door that is of
    either roller or counterweight design. The doors should be made of
    heavy-duty, weather-resistant material (flexible or non-flexible)
    that is easily repaired in the event of minor accidents. Besides
    selecting equipment doors that incur low maintenance costs, the
    equipment door system should help against interior building heat
    loss. For example, as equipment exits or enters, the overhead door
    system closes automatically (manual override is included).

**(1)** **Door Clearance.** Airport runway sweepers, deicer spreaders,
displacement snowplows, and rotary snowplows, which are normally much
wider than highway-type vehicles, often operate with bulky projections
not necessarily visible from the operator's position. Besides bulkiness,
airport operators have a wide selection of equipment to meet their
operational requirements. For these reasons, door sizes must be based on
providing an object-to-door frame clear zone (CZ). The CZ standard is 5
feet (1.52 m) for side clearances with a 4-foot (1.22 m) overhead
clearance. The final door clearance will normally be decided by the plow
moldboards or sweepers on the vehicle carrier (width of door) and rotary
plows (height of door). In regards to determining door widths using CZs,
the plows, sweepers, etc., are to be rotated 30 degrees to reduce door
widths. For example, 15-foot (4.6 m) plows rotated to 30 degrees need a
door clearance of 23 feet (7 m) \[5 ft + 13 ft + 5 ft.\] Extra large
plows as defined in *AC 150/5220-20, Airport Snow and Ice Control
Equipment*, which include ramp dozer plows and other special purpose
plows, that measure 22 feet and above should not be used to size doors,
i.e., maximum single door width is 30 feet (9.2 m). Finally, at least
the following three considerations in determining the CZ for the
building should be evaluated, namely (1) future equipment purchases or
upgrades to existing equipment, such as attachments; (2) size of the
fleet where, in some cases, simultaneous use of the door by two pieces
of equipment are necessary; and (3) extra-wide/tall equipment, such as
plow trucks that carry wing plows in the folded position or deicer fluid
spraying trucks with extra-wide spraying bars again in the folded
position.

**(2)** **Weatherproofing.** All overhead doors and exits should be
weather-stripped to prevent the infiltration of cold air, moisture, and
snow.

**(3)** **Thresholds.** At door openings, from jamb to jamb, a
heavy-duty perforated steel covered drain should be installed. Airports
located in extremely cold climates may require heated door thresholds to
prevent melt, snow, or ice accumulations on the lower portions of
exterior door(s) from freezing to the threshold. The heated threshold
will help reduce any difficulties in opening the door(s)**.**

**(4)** **Door Operators.** Electric door operators should be installed
on overhead doors that are used on a regular basis. For such doors, the
design should include a manual override capability. Emergency electric
generation, if part of the overall building design, should support these
doors. To protect employees and equipment, all overhead door designs,
whether electric or mechanical, should incorporate a safety device, for
example, an electric eye, so that the bottom edge of the door
automatically reopens before it touches a person or equipment**.**

**(5)** **Door Frame Protection.** Airport operators should consider two
areas of protection. First, outside entryways, where equipment passes,
should be protected by freestanding guard posts and/or other
impact-resistant devices located at either side of the door opening.
Second, interior door frames, where equipment passes, should be
protected by freestanding guard posts and/or other impact-resistant
devices located at either side of the door opening or in the door frame
itself.

**(6) Safety Doorway Glass Panels.** At least one glass panel, located
at the driver's eye level, should be installed in the door for safety
reasons and to help with traffic control. Airport operators that operate
a wide mix of equipment types having several driver eye levels should
consider extra glass panels. All glass panels should be clear and
tempered.

**j. Mechanical.**

**(1) Heat.** Airport operators should equip the building with heating
units that can maintain a 40^◦^ F (4^◦^C) temperature in the equipment
service area and, if no local codes exists, a 60^◦^ F (16^◦^C)
temperature in the maintenance and office areas. There are several types
of heating arrangements that can provide acceptable service. Overhead
systems in the equipment service area that include gas or oil-fired unit
heaters or gas or electrically energized infrared radiation systems are
recommended. Baseboard or forced air heating systems are more
appropriate for maintenance and personnel offices and areas. It is
highly recommended that a heated floor system be installed in the
storage areas where sand and dry deicers are stored, so materials are
dry and friable and, therefore, ready for use when needed.

**(2)** **Ventilation.** Interior areas of the building, which are
subject to vapor accumulation, must be ventilated in accordance with
local building codes and regulations**.**

**(3) Air Compressor.** If compressed air is provided, the air
compressor and tank system should deliver air at a minimum of 100 psi
and provide a minimum of 60 cubic feet (1.7 cubic meters) of tank
storage. Multiple quick disconnect outlets should be provided in the
shop where compressed air may be needed.

**(4) Engine Exhaust Discharge. A** flexible duct system, with an
assisted discharge system, should be provided to remove engine exhaust
from the equipment service area.

**k. Lighting and Electrical.**

**(1) Emergency Backup.** The building should be provided with an
emergency power backup generator to power essential administrative and
equipment functions and services.

**(2) Lights.** Interior lights should be energy efficient yet provide
clear bright light especially for task areas in service areas and the
machine shop. A motion-activated (turn off/on) system is recommended to
conserve energy. Exterior lighting in areas adjacent to exterior door
entrances should be provided at personnel entrances for safety and at
equipment entrances to aid in equipment movements during low visibility
conditions and nighttime operations.

3.  **Receptacles.** All storage, repair, and office/locker areas should
    have appropriate electrical receptacles. Workbench areas should have
    receptacles at bench level. Weatherproof receptacles with
    appropriate "amperage" ratings should be provided along the exterior
    of the building to assist in engine block warm-ups for geographical
    areas where extreme-weather conditions are a normal occurrence.

**l. Fire Protection.**

**(1) Heat and Smoke Detectors.** Heat-activated fire detectors and
smoke detectors must be placed at strategic locations throughout the
building in accordance with the latest National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) regulations and local codes and ordinances.

**(2)** **Fire Extinguishers.** Fire extinguishers must be provided in
accordance with building codes and ordinances, at least in the kitchen
and battery, workbench, oil, and grease storage areas. Guidance for this
type of protection can be found in the NFPA-10 standards for portable
fire extinguishers.

**3-5. INTERIOR FINISHES.**

**a. Interior Walls.** Interior walls may be constructed of masonry,
wood, or metal framing covered with metal sheeting, gypsum rock where
appropriate, or comparable noncombustible materials.

**b. Floors.** The high-strength, reinforced concrete floor must receive
a concrete sealer to extend the life of the floor system. The floor
surface should be finished in a manner that allows for safe movement of
personnel while servicing equipment. Floors should be painted where
deemed necessary by the airport operator to demarcate floor areas, e.g.,
walkways, safety zones, danger zones, and areas with restricted
clearances.

**c. Roof.** Steel beams, joists, lateral supports, air ducts, and the
underside of the roof decks prone to rusting should be painted if needed
to protect against the corrosive environment of the building.

**3-6. PROVISIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES.** The American with
Disabilities Act (ADA), Public Law 101-336, requires that any public or
private entity that provides public accommodations must (1) ensure that
new buildings and facilities are designed and constructed to be free of
architectural and communication barriers that restrict access or use by
individuals with disabilities, (2) ensure that existing buildings and
facilities be altered to be readily accessible by individuals with
disabilities, to the maximum extent feasible, and (3) furnish auxiliary
aids, services, and/or telecommunication devices to afford communication
by the disabled. Therefore, snow and ice control equipment and buildings
and other support facilities should meet applicable ADA regulations
pertinent to employed individuals and building areas that may receive
visitors.

**a. Supporting Guidance.** Guidance relative to the implementation of
the above requirements may be found in the following documents:

**(1)** The ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities
(28 CFR part 36, Appendix A) provide overall requirements needed for the
design and construction or alteration of buildings and facilities.

**(2)** The Department of Transportation rules governing transportation
for individuals with disabilities (49 CFR parts 27, 37, and 38) provide
additional guidelines specific to airports.

For more information about ADA requirements, contact the Architectural
and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board at (800) USA-ABLE.

**b. Additional Guidance.** Other information is provided in AC
150/5360-14, *Access to Airports by Individuals with Disabilities
(1999)*, that can assist airports in complying with the laws and
regulations governing individuals with disabilities.