**ENHANCING FOREIGN\
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN THE UNITED STATES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF\
THE NATIONAL SECURITY LANGUAGE INITIATIVE**

**U.S. Department of Education**

Margaret Spellings

*Secretary*

**Office of Postsecondary Education**

Cheryl A. Oldham

*Acting Assistant Secretary*

August 2008

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in
whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this
publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of
Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, *Enhancing Foreign
Language Proficiency in the United States: Preliminary Results of the
National Security Language Initiative*, Washington, D.C., 2008.

**To obtain copies of this report,**

**Visit:**
<http://www.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/competitiveness/nsli/about.html>

On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as
Braille, large print, or computer diskette. For more information contact
the Department's Alternate Format Center 202-260-0852 or 202-260-0818.

**Contents**

**Introduction** 5

Active NSLI Programs and Initiatives, by Agency and Pipeline Target 8

**U.S. Department of Education Programs** 9

Foreign Language Assistance Program 10

Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative 12

Advancing America Through Foreign Language Partnerships 13

**U.S. Department of State Programs** 14

Intensive Summer Language Institutes 14

Fulbright Critical Language Enhancement Awards for U.S. Students Program
15

Gilman Scholarship for Study Abroad 15

NSLI--Youth 15

Intensive Summer Language Institutes for Teachers 16

Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistants 16

Teachers of Critical Languages Program 16

**U.S. Department of Defense Programs** 17

The Language Flagship 17

The National Language Service Corps 18

**Office of the Director of National Intelligence Program** 20

STARTALK 20

**Moving Ahead** 23

*Appendix 1: Map of NSLI Programs, by State: 2007 24*

*Appendix 2: NSLI Programs, by State: 2007 25*

*Appendix 3: NSLI Funding, by Agency: FY 2007 and 2008 27*

*Appendix 4: Contacts and Program Links, by Agency 28*

**Figures and Tables**

**Figures**

Figure 1. National Security Language Initiative Pipeline 6

**Tables**

Table 1. Active NSLI Programs and Initiatives, by Agency 8

and Pipeline Target

Table 2. Growth in Critical Language Programs Supported by

FLAP, by Language and Year 11

**INTRODUCTION**

> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
>
> Learning a language---somebody else's language---is a kind
>
> gesture. It's a gesture of interest. It really is a fundamental way
>
> to reach out to somebody and say, I care about you. I want you
>
> to know that I'm interested not only in how you talk but also in
>
> how you live.

[---President George W. Bush]{.underline}

In January 2006, President Bush announced the National Security Language
Initiative (NSLI), an inter-agency effort coordinated by the White House
to increase dramatically the number of U.S. residents learning,
speaking, and teaching critical-need foreign languages. This initiative
represents recognition that foreign language skills are essential for
engaging foreign governments and peoples, especially in critical world
regions, and for promoting understanding, conveying respect for other
cultures, and encouraging reform. These skills are also fundamental to
the economic competitiveness and security interests of the nation.

The secretaries of state, education, and defense, and the director of
national intelligence (DNI) launched this comprehensive and coordinated
national initiative. The launch was based on a strategy developed during
more than a year of joint advance planning to expand U.S. critical
foreign language education beginning in kindergarten and continuing
through elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education and into the
workforce. NSLI programs target the Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean,
and Russian languages and the Indic, Persian, and Turkic language
families, as determined by the four agencies.

NSLI represents an extraordinary partnership among four federal agencies
under the leadership of the White House. It focuses federal resources
and expertise to strengthen critical language capacity across key
components of the K--16 pipeline. Ongoing consultation and collaboration
among the agencies promotes cohesive and coordinated work, avoids
redundancies in programs and funding, and engages a large community of
stakeholders. At the same time, the four agencies fulfill their
individual missions, leverage their individual and collective strengths,
and use models that fit their institutional mandates.

**Goals**

NSLI is committed to making a long-term investment in the nation's
critical foreign language learning capabilities and competencies by
accomplishing the following goals:

-   Increase the number of U.S. residents studying critical-need
    languages and starting them at an earlier age;

-   Increase the number of advanced-level speakers of foreign languages,
    with an emphasis on mastery of critical-need languages; and

-   Increase the number of teachers of critical-need languages and
    providing resources for them.

The NSLI goals and the targeted effort by the four federal agencies to
achieve them through investments across the learning continuum, from
K--16 through graduate education and professional programs, provide a
shared purpose and framework for language education; promote strategic
thinking and analysis; and strengthen individual programs and the
overall effectiveness of the initiative.

**Figure 1.**

**National Security Language Initiative Pipeline**

K-12 programs: The Language Flagship K-12 Programs (DOD),
Expanded/Refocused FLAP Programs (ED), NSLI -- Youth Study Abroad
(State), STARTALK (ODNI). University Programs: Gilman Scholarship for
Study Abroad (State), Intensive Summer Language Institutes overseas for
beginning and intermediate/advanced study by U.S. students (State), The
Language Flagship Undergraduate Programs (DOD). Graduate Programs:
Fulbright Critical Language Enhancement Awards for U.S. Students Program
(State), Intensive Summer Language Institutes Overseas for beginning and
intermediate/advanced study by U.S. students (State), The Language
Flagship Graduate Program (DOD). Work/Professional Programs: STARTALK
(ODNI), National Language Service Corps (DOD), Teachers of Critical
Languages in U.S. primary and secondary school (State),
Teacher-To-Teacher Initiative (ED), Intensive Summer Language Institutes
for Teachers (State). The graphic below provides a visual depiction of
this pipeline.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.919444444444444in"
height="4.440972222222222in"}

**Highlights of Success**

Highlights of NSLI's initial success include the following:

-   The Department of State is providing new opportunities for more than
    1,000 U.S. high school students, teachers, and undergraduate and
    graduate students from all 50 states to study critical languages
    abroad each year. One program, the 2007 Intensive Summer Language
    Institutes for U.S. university students, received more than 6,000
    applications for 363 scholarships to study NSLI languages overseas.

-   The Defense Department's National Security Education Program (NSEP)
    has increased the number of undergraduate Flagship centers from
    three to 13 since the first grants were awarded in 2002, including
    three centers that support K--12 programs involving nearly 3,000
    students in 62 elementary, middle, and high schools in the Ohio
    Public Schools, the Dearborn Public Schools in Michigan, and the
    Portland Public Schools in Oregon.

-   Since 2006, the Department of Education's Foreign Language
    Assistance Program (FLAP) has served more than 47,000 students in
    U.S. school districts, including through first-ever grants for Hindi
    and Turkish instruction and new grants for Arabic, Chinese, Russian,
    and Korean.

-   The Office of the Director of National Intelligence successfully
    launched the STARTALK summer language programs in 2007, which have
    reached 1,322 students and teachers in 21 states and Washington
    D.C., greatly exceeding program goals.

-   A STARTALK grant and Department of Education Teacher-to-Teacher
    Workshop at DePaul University in June 2007, helped prepare teachers
    to implement a new K--12 language program supported by a FLAP grant.
    The university then responded to demonstrated local need by
    initiating a master of arts in teaching program in Arabic and
    Chinese language instruction.

The full benefits of NSLI are demonstrated not only by the number of
high-quality programs that have been launched or expanded under the
president's leadership, but also by the synergies that have evolved for
participants and communities.

There are several early indicators of NSLI's success in meeting its
long-term goals, including enthusiastic feedback and transformative
personal stories of student and teacher participants, strong bipartisan
support from members of Congress, and initial positive program
assessments. The NSLI partners are committed to sustaining this national
effort.

What follows is a description of the programs that each agency has
developed, implemented, or expanded in support of the NSLI goals. It is
important to note that NSLI programs are, in many ways, linked to or
built upon a foundation of longer-term government efforts that have
supported the advancement of foreign language and international studies
for decades. These include, for example, the Fulbright-Hays programs
administered by the departments of State and Education, as well as the
Title VI International Education and Foreign Language Studies programs,
the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, and various
teacher preparation programs administered by the Department of
Education.

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> Full participation in this new global economy will require
>
> not just competency in reading, mathematics, and science,
>
> but also proficiency in foreign languages and deep
>
> knowledge of other countries and cultures. Our efforts in
>
> education reform must be harmonized with global realities
>
> if we are to confront successfully a multitude of new and
>
> growing challenges to America's security and prosperity.
>
> Our education system must be strengthened to produce globally
>
> competent citizens. Foreign language learning needs to begin
>
> in elementary school and continue through higher education.
>
> Elementary and secondary schools as well as universities and
>
> professional schools must instill in all students a more in-depth,
>
> sophisticated, and profound understanding of America's place
>
> in the world, of issues and cultures of other regions of the
>
> world, and of the international forces that affect their lives and
>
> livelihood.
>
> [---Committee for Economic Development]{.underline}

**Table 1. Active NSLI Programs and Initiatives, by Agency and Pipeline
Target**

+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
| > |           | **El  | ** | *     | **U     | **G | *    | **Te  |
|   |           | ement | Mi | *High | ndergra | rad | *Wor | acher |
|   |           | ary** | dd | Sch   | duate** | uat | kfor | and   |
|   |           |       | le | ool** |         | e** | ce** | Pr    |
|   |           |       | ** |       |         |     |      | ofess |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      | ional |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      | Dev   |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      | elopm |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      | ent** |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
| > | Foreign   | X     | X  | X     |         |     |      | X     |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| E | A         |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| d | ssistance |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| u | Program   |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| c |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| a |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| t |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| i |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| o |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| n |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Teacher-t |       |    |       |         |     |      | X     |
|   | o-Teacher |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
| > | Intensive |       |    |       | X       | X   |      |       |
|   | Summer    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| S | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| t | I         |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| a | nstitutes |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| t |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| e |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Fulbright |       |    |       |         | X   |      |       |
|   | Critical  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | En        |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | hancement |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Awards    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | for U.S.  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Students  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Program   |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Gilman    |       |    |       | X       |     |      |       |
|   | Sc        |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | holarship |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | for Study |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Abroad    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | N         |       |    | X     |         |     |      |       |
|   | SLI-Youth |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | (includes |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Summer    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | I         |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | nstitutes |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | for High  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | School    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Students) |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Intensive |       |    |       |         |     |      | X     |
|   | Summer    |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | I         |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | nstitutes |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | for       |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Teachers  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Fulbright |       |    | X     | X       | X   |      |       |
|   | Foreign   |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Teaching  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | A         |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | ssistants |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Program   |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | Teachers  | X     | X  | X     | X       |     |      | X     |
|   | of        |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Critical  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Languages |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
| > | The       | X     | X  | X     | X       | X   |      | X     |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| D | Flagship  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| e |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| f |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| e |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| n |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| s |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| e |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
|   | National  |       |    |       |         |     | X    |       |
|   | Language  |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Service   |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
|   | Corps     |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+
| > | STARTALK  |       |    | X     |         |     |      | X     |
|   |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| O |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| D |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| N |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
| I |           |       |    |       |         |     |      |       |
+---+-----------+-------+----+-------+---------+-----+------+-------+

![](media/image2.wmf)

**U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> The world is changing at a rapid pace and may of our
>
> students lack the skills to succeed in the global knowledge
>
> economy. Our students are facing an education and ambition
>
> gap and they're on the wrong side. This is not just an education
>
> issue, it's also an economic issue, a civic issue, a social issue, a
>
> national security issue and it's everybody's issue.

[--- Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings]{.underline}

## 

## Update on Activities for the National Security Language Initiative

The key to the long-term success of foreign language education in
America is to expand the number and improve the quality of foreign
language learning experiences available to students, beginning in
elementary school and continuing through graduate education. Toward that
end, the Department is working to support improved teacher training and
professional development; curriculum development and evaluation;
student-faculty mobility and study-abroad opportunities. The Department
is also working to engage undergraduate and graduate students in a wide
range of academic disciplines---business, education, science,
technology, engineering, mathematics---in foreign language and area
studies education so that they are better equipped to succeed in the
global workplace.

The U.S. Department of Education sponsors a number of programs aimed at
improving foreign language and international education. For example, the
Department of Education's Title VI programs have, for decades, been a
resource for institutions of higher education to maintain and expand
academic departments and resource centers in order to advance foreign
language and area studies education. The Fund for the Improvement of
Postsecondary Education has provided resources for student-faculty
mobility, teacher preparation, and increased collaboration between U.S.
institutions of higher education and their international peer
institutions. Although those programs continue to serve a broad range of
foreign languages and world regions, the Department has emphasized the
NSLI critical languages.

In addition to those foundational foreign language and area studies
programs are the Department's funded NSLI programs---the Foreign
Language Assistance Program (FLAP) and the Teacher-to-Teacher
Initiative---and a recently authorized program, Advancing America
through Foreign Language Partnerships.

Two other elements of the Department's NSLI proposal are the Language
Teacher Corps and E-Learning Language Clearinghouse. The Language
Teacher Corps would offer those with proficiencies in critical languages
the opportunity to teach, with the goal of having 1,000 new foreign
language teachers before the end of the decade. The E-Learning Language
Clearinghouse would serve as a clearinghouse of foreign language
education resources to teachers and students across the country through
a central repository of materials and Web-based programs in
critical-need languages. The administration requested funding for these
purposes in the FY 2009 budget and continues to work with Congress to
ensure these programs will be funded in FY 2009.

## Foreign Language Assistance Program

**Purpose and Description**

The Foreign Language Assistance Program (FLAP) is the only federally
funded program that exclusively targets foreign language instruction to
elementary and secondary schools. Funded under Title V of the
*Elementary and Secondary Education Act*, and as reauthorized by the *No
Child Left Behind Act* (*NCLB*), FLAP provides three-year grants to
local school districts and states to establish, improve, or expand
innovative kindergarten through 12th^\_^grade model programs.

The FLAP program was initiated in 1988 with passage of the *Foreign
Language Assistance Act*, directing the secretary of education to make
grants to state education agencies for foreign language study in
elementary and secondary schools. Under NSLI, the FLAP program has given
new priority to instructional programs in the five NSLI languages and
three language families. Today, FLAP funds 15 grants to states and 122
grants to local school districts to support a broad range of activities,
including classroom instruction, professional development, teacher
recruitment, curriculum development, student assessment, program
evaluation, and parent involvement.

Grants to local education agencies (LEAs) range from \$50,000 to
\$300,000 each year and support programs that show promise of
sustainability and innovative dissemination. Grants to state education
agencies (SEAs) range from \$50,000 to \$400,000 per year and support
systemic approaches to improving foreign language instruction. To build
capacity at the local and state levels, FLAP grants require a
100--percent match from non-federal sources (although waivers may be
granted to local education agencies for part, or all, of the matching
requirement).

Consistent with the principle of local flexibility, FLAP permits
grantees to choose instructional approaches that best meet local needs
and represent a variety of models and approaches, such as foreign
language exploratory programs (FLEX), foreign language in the elementary
school (FLES), secondary advanced placement coursework, language
immersion and two-way immersion programs, content-mastery programs for
teachers, and programs to better utilize the skills of heritage language
speakers.

Regardless of the instructional approach, FLAP gives special
consideration to applicants that address any of the following
priorities:

-   Creating intensive summer foreign language programs for teachers;

-   Linking native language, or heritage, speakers in the community with
    schools;

-   Promoting the sequential study of K--12 foreign language
    instruction;

-   Using technology effectively;

-   Promoting innovative activities (i.e. content-based instruction or
    immersion); and

-   Collaborating between state and local education agencies.

**Accomplishments in 2006 and 2007**

Refocused by NSLI in 2006, FLAP awarded competitive priority points for
applicants proposing to provide instruction in critical foreign
languages---Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, and languages in
the Indic, Iranian, and Turkic families.

As a result of the competitive priority, the majority of FLAP LEA grants
funded in 2006 and 2007 addressed critical foreign languages (58 of 70
grants in 2006; 31 of 52 grants in 2007). Of those that planned
instruction in critical languages, the majority proposed Chinese. Other
proposed critical languages included Arabic, Korean, and Russian.

FLAP grants funded in 2006 served 10,866 students during the first year
of the program and increased to 24,062 students during their second year
of instruction. It should be noted that grantees may use their first
year as a planning period. Grants funded in 2007 served 12,600 students
in critical language instruction in the first year. In 2007, grants
were, for the first time in the history of FLAP, awarded to Hindi and
Turkish programs.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> Our Chinese Immersion Program was made possible by building
>
> upon by the successes of the 3E International Kindergarten in
>
> China and the Michigan School Readiness Program preschool
>
> model at the Lansing School District. By utilizing these two
>
> known and highly successful preschool programs we were able
>
> to create and develop the Chinese Immersion educational model
>
> and thereby prepare students to become educated for global
>
> citizenship. As a result we have been able to develop strong
>
> partnerships with Michigan State University, the Michigan
>
> Department of Education, U.S. Department of Education and the
>
> Lansing School District. The Foreign Language Assistance Program
>
> grant has allowed us to expand the program to meet the needs
>
> of students for the duration of their educational experience with
>
> the Lansing School District.
>
> ---Sergio Keck, Lansing School District,

[Bilingual, MRSP and FLAP project director, 2007]{.underline}

**FLAP Growth in Critical Language Programs**

In 2008, the FLAP program was expanded to include district-led
partnerships between LEAs and institutions of higher education, thereby
recognizing the need for sufficient preparation and professional
development to ensure competent K--12 foreign language teachers, and to
provide stimulating opportunities for students along the full
educational continuum.

**Table 2. Growth in Critical Language Programs Supported by FLAP, by
Language and Year**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  **Languages\***   **2003**          **2006**          **2007\*\***

  Arabic            3                 4                 3

  Chinese           9                 48                22

  Korean            2                 5                 2

  Russian           3                 6                 5

  Japanese          5                 7                 8

  Hindi                                                 1

  Turkish                                               1
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

\*Some grantees are serving more than one language.

\*\* 2007 numbers are in addition to continuing 2006 grants.

## Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative 

**Purpose and Description**

A key to improving student achievement is access to well-qualified,
capable teachers who can help each child maximize his or her potential
to meet high academic standards and succeed in school. In 2004, the
Department created the Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative (T2T), which
supports efforts, designed by teachers for teachers, to provide
technical support, professional development opportunities, and
recognition of teachers in all content areas and grade levels.

In 2006, the Department added a NSLI component to T2T to provide support
for foreign language instruction and professional development
opportunities, including summer workshops, conferences, and recognition
of teaching excellence.

The Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative seeks to serve the needs of teachers
by:

-   Providing access to free professional development activities,
    digital learning opportunities, and updates in areas of vital
    importance;

-   Sharing proven strategies for raising student achievement through
    the Teacher Training Corps;

-   Working with states and school districts to ensure that teachers
    receive credit for the professional development opportunities in
    which they participate; and

-   Recognizing teachers for their hard work and dedication through the
    American Stars of Teaching award.

**Accomplishments in 2006 and 2007**

Specific accomplishments relating to NSLI include:

-   Regional Workshops for Foreign Language Training: Four foreign
    language summer workshops were offered in 2007, including 20 general
    foreign language learning sessions and seven NSLI-specific sessions;

-   Foreign Language Workshops at the 2007 American Council of Teachers
    of Foreign Language (ACTFL) conference: Teacher-to-Teacher foreign
    language trainers delivered professional development sessions to
    roughly 1,500 educators.

-   Teacher-to-Teacher Training Corps: Since 2004, 100 teachers have
    been accepted into this prestigious program, which provides training
    in adult-learning theory and effective presentation techniques to
    enable training corps members to serve as valuable facilitators,
    mentors, and coaches to other teachers. Of the 100 teachers
    currently in the Training Corps, 21 are experts in foreign language
    learning.

**Advancing America Through Foreign Language Partnerships**

**Purpose and Description**

Authorized in 2007 by the *America COMPETES Act* (P.L. 110-69), Title
VI, Subtitle C, the Advancing America Through Foreign Language
Partnerships program is intended to significantly increase the number of
U.S. students who achieve the highest level of proficiency in critical
foreign languages by providing opportunities to study critical foreign
languages and the environments in which those languages are spoken.

If funding is appropriated for this program, it will award grants to
institutions of higher education for partnerships with one or more local
education agencies. Together, the partnerships will establish
articulated programs of study in critical foreign languages to enable
students to advance successfully from elementary school through
postsecondary education to high levels of proficiency in critical
foreign languages. Programs will be designed to train participants to
reach "professional working proficiency," as measured by the Federal
Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) Level 3, or by other generally
recognized measures of superior standards. Students trained at this
level are capable of reading the most sophisticated texts, understanding
formal as well as colloquial and dialectal speech, and speaking with
sufficient structural accuracy and vocabulary to participate effectively
in most formal and informal conversations on practical, social, and
professional topics.

Grants under this program will be competitively awarded for up to five
years, of which two years may be used for planning and development.
Successful and effective grants may be renewed for up to two additional
five-year periods at the discretion of the Department. Grantees will be
required to match 20 percent of the amount of the grant in the first
year in cash or in-kind. The match requirements will increase by 10
percent each year to 50 percent in each of the fourth and fifth years of
the grant.

The Department will also enter into a contract to establish a technical
assistance center to assist partnerships in the development and
evaluation of critical foreign language instructional materials and
assessments and disseminate promising foreign language instructional
practices.

The administration requested \$24 million for this program for FY 2007,
FY 2008 and FY 2009. Although Congress has authorized this program, it
has not yet provided appropriations to support its implementation.

##### 

![](media/image3.png){width="0.9986111111111111in"
height="0.9986111111111111in"}

**U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE PROGRAMS**

## \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> We have not as a country made the kind of intellectual
>
> investment that we need to make in the exchange of peoples,
>
> in the exchange of ideas, in languages and in cultures and
>
> our knowledge of them that we made in the Cold War \... The
>
> language initiative that is being announced today, the Critical
>
> Languages Initiative, will give earlier instruction in language
>
> to our children, K through 12. It will encourage students in
>
> university and in graduate school to take on the hard and
>
> critical languages. And it will press forward to bring people into
>
> the Foreign Service and into the Defense Department and into
>
> our intelligence agencies, who are competent in those languages.

[---Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice]{.underline}

## Update on Activities for the National Security Language Initiative

**Purpose**

To further the president's goal under the National Security Language
Initiative (NSLI) to dramatically increase the number of U.S. residents
learning and teaching critical-need languages, the Department of State
is providing new opportunities to more than 1,000 American high school
students, teachers, and undergraduate and graduate students in all 50
states to study critical languages abroad each year, and is
strengthening foreign language teaching in hundreds of classrooms in the
U.S. through exchanges and professional development.

**Description and Accomplishments**

####### PROGRAMS FOR U.S. UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS

**Intensive Summer Language Institutes**

The Department of State is supporting intensive summer language
institutes overseas for undergraduate and graduate students in Arabic,
Chinese, Indic, Korean, Persian, Russian, and Turkic languages.

*Accomplishments*

-   In the program's first year in 2006, State received more than 4,000
    applications for 167 scholarships to 15 intensive study institutes
    in seven countries.

-   In 2007, State doubled the number of scholarships awarded and
    received more than 6,000 applications for 363 scholarships to 33
    institutes in 13 countries.

-   In 2008, State will expand the program again to award more than 500
    scholarships for intensive summer study.

**Fulbright Critical Language Enhancement Awards for U.S. Students
Program**

The Department of State, through an enhancement to its Fulbright U.S.
Student Program, is providing American graduate Fulbright students the
opportunity to undertake intensive study overseas in a critical-need
language for up to six months before their regular Fulbright grant
begins.

*Accomplishments*

-   In this program's pilot year in 2006, 40 U.S. students augmented
    their Arabic, Indic, and Turkic language skills through this award
    before embarking upon their Fulbright grants.

-   In 2007, 145 awards were made for study in Arabic, Chinese, Indic,
    Korean, Persian, Russian, and Turkic languages.

-   State awarded a similar number of scholarships in 2008.

**Gilman Scholarships for Study Abroad**

The Department of State, through the Benjamin A. Gilman Scholarship
Program, is providing scholarships to financially disadvantaged American
undergraduate students to pursue study abroad for up to one academic
year, with an emphasis on non-traditional destinations.

*Accomplishments*

-   In each of the last two years, State has awarded more than 200
    Gilman scholarships to American students for study in critical-need
    language countries.

-   In addition, each year, State awards 25 Gilman students a Critical
    Need Language Supplement to support additional language study.

-   In 2008, State will double to 50 the number of Critical Need
    Language Supplements awarded.

####### PROGRAMS FOR U.S. HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

**NSLI-Youth (includes Summer Language Institutes for High School
Students**

**and Semester and Year Abroad)**

The Department of State is providing intensive language study and
cultural immersion programs for high school students to study critical
languages abroad.

*Accomplishments*

-   In the pilot year in 2006, 46 American students participated.

-   In 2007, State nearly tripled the program and 129 students increased
    their Chinese and Arabic language skills and cultural understanding
    through six institutes in four countries.

-   In 2008, State again expanded the number of participants; developed
    semester and academic year

> exchange programs; and expanded the languages taught to include
> Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, Hindi,
>
> Korean, Russian, and Turkish.

***Programs for U.S. Teachers and K-12 Schools, Colleges, and
Universities***

###### Intensive Summer Language Institutes for Teachers

The Department of State is supporting intensive summer language study
institutes overseas for American secondary school teachers, teaching
degree students, and community college instructors of Chinese, Arabic,
and Russian.

*Accomplishments*

-   In its pilot year in 2007, six American teachers studied in China.

-   In 2008, State expanded the program to support intensive summer
    institutes for teachers of Chinese, Arabic, and Russian.

**Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistants**

The Department of State, through the Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching
Assistant Program, is placing native-speaking foreign language teaching
assistants in hundreds of U.S. universities, colleges, and high schools
for one academic year to serve as language resources to U.S. students.

*Accomplishments*

-   In academic year 2006--07, State funded the placement of more than
    200 foreign teaching assistants in critical-need languages in U.S.
    classrooms.

-   In 2007--08, State increased this number to nearly 300 teaching
    assistants in critical-need languages, while also increasing its
    overall support for teaching assistants in other important
    languages.

**Teachers of Critical Languages Program**

The Department of State, through the Teachers of Critical Languages
Program, is bringing native-speaking foreign language teachers to teach
critical languages in U.S. K--12 schools for one academic year.

*Accomplishments*

-   Over the past two years, 24 primary and secondary schools have
    expanded their Chinese and Arabic programs for 4,500 students by
    hosting native-speaking Chinese and Arabic language teachers under
    this program.

-   In academic year 2008--09, State will increase the size of the
    program.

## 

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="0.9993055555555556in"
height="0.9993055555555556in"}

**U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMS**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> The Language Flagship is exactly what the country needs
>
> to integrate ourselves in the global economy and to guarantee
>
> for ourselves a future of peace, security, and prosperity as one
>
> of the nations of a global world.

---David Chu, undersecretary for personnel and

[readiness at the U.S. Department of Defense.]{.underline}

## Update on Activities for the National Security Language Initiative

#### 

#### **The Language Flagship**

**Purpose and Description**

The Language Flagship represents a bold and innovative strategic
partnership between the federal government, U.S. education, and
business. Motivated by a compelling need for professionals with advanced
competencies in critical languages, the Language Flagship is committed
to graduating students, at both the undergraduate and graduate level,
with unparalleled proficiencies in one of the many languages critical to
U.S. competitiveness and security.

The Language Flagship is administered by the National Security Education
Program (NSEP) in the U.S. Department of Defense, and is an integral
part of the National Security Language Initiative. NSEP has long
understood the need for professionals who can conduct high-level work in
critical languages. To answer the call for such experts, NSEP formed
strategic partnerships with recognized leaders in foreign language
education.

Through a combination of innovative and intensive campus curriculum and
overseas immersion, The Language Flagship supports K--12 initiatives,
and undergraduate and graduate programs. Programs are designed to
produce students at the "Superior" proficiency level in the targeted
language. The Language Flagship seeks to:

-   Establish dedicated administrative structures (e.g., campus centers)
    for the teaching of critical languages to the Superior (3) level and
    beyond;

-   Develop curricular and instructional models for advanced language
    learning;

-   Identify or establish institutional recruitment mechanisms to
    broaden the base of eligible students;

-   Develop, where appropriate, collaborative arrangements with summer
    intensive and study abroad programs;

-   Establish assessment procedures for measuring superior-level
    language proficiency; and

-   Stimulate institutional support and long-term commitment to "raising
    the bar" for language learning on campuses to the Superior (3)
    level.

Flagship language programs are now available in Arabic, Chinese, Central
Asian Turkic languages, Hindi/Urdu, Korean, Persian/Farsi, and Eurasian
(Russian) languages. Postsecondary programs are open to students
matriculated at designated degree-granting institutions.

When the National Security Language Initiative was announced by
President Bush on Jan. 5, 2006, the National Security Education Program
proposed to:

-   Increase the number of programs in Arabic, Chinese, Eurasian
    languages, Hindi/Urdu, and Persian/Farsi;

-   Expand the K--16 pipeline model to three experimental programs; and

-   Increase the national reach of Flagship Programs to additional
    colleges.

**Accomplishments in 2006 and 2007**

Based on these goals, The Language Flagship has accomplished the
following:

-   Increased in 2007 the number of undergraduate Flagship Centers from
    three to 13, including undergraduate programs in Arabic (Michigan
    State University, University of Texas, University of Maryland);
    Chinese (Ohio State University, Arizona State University); Eurasian
    (American Councils, a non-profit for international education);
    Central Asian Turkic languages (American Councils); Hindi/Urdu
    (University of Texas-Austin); Korean (University of Hawaii) and
    Persian/Farsi (University of Maryland). Collectively, these programs
    have enrolled nearly 250 undergraduate students in their first year
    alone. The long-term goal is to enroll 2,000 students by the year
    2010.

-   Expanded the K--16 pipeline model. In addition to the original
    University of Oregon and Portland Public School K--16 program, added
    an integrated Language Flagship center in Chinese (Ohio State and
    Ohio Public Schools) and in Arabic (Michigan State University and
    Dearborn Public Schools). Collectively, these programs involve 62
    elementary, middle, and high schools in the Ohio Public Schools, the
    Dearborn Public Schools District in Michigan, and the Portland
    Public Schools in Oregon. Nearly 3,000 students are enrolled in
    Flagship-funded K--12 programs in all three programs.

-   Increased the national reach of the Language Flagship program to
    additional colleges through the development of new centers and the
    development of Flagship partners through the 1) creation of a new
    Diffusion of Innovation grant program, and 2) the support of the
    development of three state-level Language Roadmaps in Ohio, Oregon,
    and Texas. These Roadmaps are available on the Language Flagship Web
    site at www.thelanguageflagship.org.

**National Language Service Corps**

**Purpose and Description**

The National Language Service Corps (NLSC), formerly known as the
"Civilian Linguist Reserve Corps," is a public civilian organization
composed of volunteers engaged on-call to provide diverse language
services across a broad range of local, state, and federal government
departments and agencies. The opportunities for service will vary from
emergency relief to international crises to immediate national
need---wherever language skills are needed.

The NLSC is a pilot program, authorized by Congress in 2006, and
represents a vital new approach to addressing the nation's need for
professionals with highly developed language skills. It is an integral
component of the Defense Department's comprehensive language roadmap and
of NSLI. Language-capable experts represent a national asset to support
the nation's emergency responders when they must communicate with local
populations during times of need. The nation also will draw on paid NLSC
members to address homeland and national security requirements as well
as international emergency and relief efforts. State and local users
also will have the capacity to draw from a common pool of paid NLSC
members for temporary and/or part-time assistance. This pilot corps
effort is overseen by the National Security Education Program (NSEP) at
the Department of Defense.

The pilot corps will include two pools of certified language proficient
professionals: a national and a dedicated pool. The *national pool* will
consist of a broader array of talent that will be maintained to be drawn
upon during times of need. The *dedicated pool* will be a smaller, more
specialized cadre of individuals who enter relationships with specific
organizations and who agree to be available to those organizations
should the need arise.

**Goals**

For its role in NSLI, the National Security Education Program proposed
to undertake the following activities:

-   Develop and implement a pilot National Language Service Corps
    program;

-   Recruit a minimum of 1,000 members for the National Language Service
    Corps by 2009;

-   Partner with federal organizations to test the language corps
    concept; and

-   Develop legislation to establish a permanent language corps.

**Accomplishments in 2006 and 2007**

Based on these goals, NSEP has accomplished the following:

-   Awarded a competitive contract to General Dynamics Information
    Technology as the prime contractor to work in close partnership with
    NSEP to conduct a three-year pilot NLSC program. General Dynamics
    has assembled a project team composed of nationally recognized
    experts in language program development, language proficiency
    certification, program management and administration, and federal
    human resources.

-   Officially launched the NLSC pilot effort in April 2007.

-   Completed a concept of operations for the pilot NLSC.

-   Completed branding and marketing studies, and an NLSC logo design.

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="0.9784722222222222in"
height="0.9784722222222222in"}

**OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> We are ecstatic about the prospect of having as many as
>
> 30 high school students from Mississippi on our campus this
>
> summer studying intensive Chinese. The STARTALK program
>
> will provide us with a unique opportunity to be innovative and
>
> to enhance what has become a deep curriculum in the study
>
> of Chinese language and culture here at the University of
>
> Mississippi. Very few, if any, states are doing the kinds of things
>
> we are in Chinese language instruction at the high school
>
> and college level, and we are all very proud of that.

---Donald Dyer, chair of the Department of Modern

[Languages, University of Mississippi]{.underline}

**Update on Activities for the National Security Language Initiative**

**STARTALK**

**Purpose and Description**

STARTALK is an innovative new program to provide summer
language learning experiences for students and professional development
for teachers in the full range of languages under the National Security
Language Initiative.  The purpose of the student programs is to interest
students in studying languages critical to national security, and to
provide opportunities to enhance school-year programs in communities
where those programs are available. The teacher programs are focused on
expanding the supply of trained, certified teachers in critical
languages, a key NSLI goal.

STARTALK has been developed under the direction of the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), in partnership with the
National Security Agency (NSA), which serves as executive agent. The
National Foreign Language Center (NFLC) at the University of Maryland
served as the prime contractor to develop and implement the program
in 2006 and 2007.

**Goals**

The goals of the STARTALK program are:

-   To be a national program operating in all 50 states by 2011, with
    programs in up to 10 languages;

-   To increase the quality and supply of teachers of critical languages
    throughout the nation;

-   To stimulate significant increases in the number of students
    enrolled in the study of critical languages; and

-   To improve the quality and effectiveness of critical language
    curriculum.

**Accomplishments in 2006 and 2007**

In 2007, STARTALK awarded 34 grants averaging \$100,000 each for summer
programs serving teachers and high school-age learners of Arabic and
Chinese in 21 states and the District of Columbia. Grants were awarded
to a diverse group of public and private institutions of higher
education, as well as to school districts, community colleges, high
schools, camps, and community-based organizations. They enrolled 448
teachers and 874 students, 350 of whom were in Arabic programs and 972
in Chinese programs. Those programs ranged from one week to nine weeks,
and included summer camps, classroom learning experiences, resident and
non-resident programs, and workshops. This significantly exceeded the
original 2007 program goals of 400 students and 400 teachers in five
states, with no increase in budget.

In addition to holding programs in 21 states and D.C. and reaching 1,322
participants in 2007, STARTALK laid a robust groundwork for the
follow-on years by:

-   Establishing a network of programs and educators across the country;

-   Beginning a database of research and curricular needs that will
    continue to grow as STARTALK continues;

-   Providing a valuable resource for teachers, students,
    administrators, parents, and communities;

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-   Creating STARTALK Advisory Boards of leading language educators from
    throughout the nation in each language, ensuring a high level of
    quality for the programs;

-   Supporting diversity in enrollment in critical language programs,
    including inner-city programs in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and
    Seattle, with scholarships provided to ensure access to a wider
    range of participants;

-   Offering intensive courses lasting up to nine weeks in which
    students earned as much as a full year of college credit;

-   Providing teacher professional development programs ranging from
    short workshops to courses of several weeks duration that enabled
    participants to earn credits for certification;

-   Stimulating valuable spinoffs (for example, DePaul University in
    Chicago, which sponsored both student and teacher STARTALK programs
    for the Chicago Public Schools, is now offering master of arts in
    teaching programs in both Chinese and Arabic to aid the development
    of fully certified teachers); and

-   Multiplying the benefits of hundreds of teachers who participated in
    the 2007 summer programs, thus bringing newly developed skills to
    thousands of students during the school year.

After only one year of operation, the STARTALK program has been very
favorably reviewed by major professional associations in the language
teaching field, such as the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign
Languages (ACTFL) and the Chinese Language Teachers Association.

STARTALK is on track in FY08 to expand to at least 30 states, to add
programs in new languages, including Hindi, Urdu, and Persian, to expand
enrollment at the middle school level, and to increase the number of
programs and participants in the original languages of Chinese and
Arabic at the high school level. STARTALK will also sponsor a major
conference on teacher certification in critical languages and is
supporting original research to improve assessment capabilities for
students at the novice level. This latter effort should help provide
better means to measure student progress for both summer and
academic-year programs.

**MOVING AHEAD**

In Washington D.C., Puerto Rico and every state in the nation, the
National Security Language Initiative is providing leadership,
opportunities, and incentives to increase the number of Americans
learning, speaking, and teaching critical need foreign languages.
Thousands of students, teachers, and professionals have already
benefited from participation in NSLI programs. Their enthusiasm is
sparking interest within their communities and beyond in building on and
replicating these programs---thereby helping to leverage the federal
investment.

To help meet the increased demand for language opportunities, the NSLI
partner agencies are expanding their existing programs to accommodate a
greater number of grantees and participants. They are also evaluating
initial results and outcomes to gain a more concrete understanding of
program efficacy and best practices in foreign language instruction.
Building on their program-specific work, the NSLI agencies are exploring
other ways to advance and measure foreign language learning, such as
enhanced assessments of language proficiency, and additional resources
and materials for teachers.

In these ways, NSLI is supporting communities that recognize the
critical need to ensure their students are equipped to succeed in the
global economy, and encouraging other communities to follow suit. In so
doing, NSLI is helping to ensure America's security and
competitiveness---and the partner agencies remain committed to
sustaining and strengthening this important national effort.

**Appendix 1. Map of NSLI Programs, by State: 2007**

This appendix provides a map showing on a state-by-state basis the
funded programs in each state. Appendix 2 provides this same information
in table form.

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="4.740972222222222in"
height="7.309722222222222in"}

**Appendix 2. NSLI Programs, by State: 2007**

  --------------- ----- -------- ---------- ---------- ------ --------------- -------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ --------------- -----------
                                                              **Residence of                                                          **Placement of  
                                                              U.S.                                                                    Foreign         
                                                              Participants\                                                           Participants\   
                                                              in Overseas                                                             in U.S.         
                                                              Programs**                                                              Programs**      

                                                                                                                                                      

                  T2T   FLAP\*   Startalk   Flagship   NLSC   Intensive       Fulbright      Gilman         Summer       Intensive    Fulbright       Teachers of
                                                              Summer Language Critical       Scholar-ship   Language     Summer       Foreign         Critical
                                                              Institutes      Language       for Study      Institutes   Language     Language        Languages
                                                                              Enhance-ment   Abroad         for High     Institutes   Teaching        Program
                                                                              Award                         School       for Teachers Assistants      
                                                                                                            Students                                  

  Alabama                                                     X               X                                                       X                

  Alaska                X                                     X                              X                                        X                

  Arizona                        X          X                 X               X              X              X                         X                

  Arkansas                                                    X                                                                       X                

  California            X        X          X                 X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Colorado              X                                     X                              X                                        X                

  Connecticut           X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  D.C.                           X          X                 X               X              X              X                                          

  Delaware              X                                     X                                             X                                          

  Florida               X                                     X               X              X              X            X            X               X

  Georgia                                                     X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Hawaii                X        X          X                 X               X              X                                        X                

  Idaho                                                       X               X              X                                                         

  Illinois        X     X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Indiana               X        X                            X                              X              X                         X               X

  Iowa                  X                                     X                              X              X                         X                

  Kansas                X                                     X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Kentucky        X     X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  Louisiana                                                   X               X              X              X                         X                

  Maine                                                       X                              X                                        X                

  Maryland                       X          X                 X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Massachusetts         X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Michigan              X        X          X                 X               X              X              X                         X                

  Minnesota             X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  Mississippi                    X          X                 X               X              X                                        X                

  Missouri                                                    X               X              X                                        X                

  Montana                                                     X                              X                                        X                

  Nebraska                                                    X               X              X              X                         X                

  Nevada                                                                                     X                                                         

  New Hampshire                                               X                              X              X                         X                

  New Jersey            X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  New Mexico      X                                           X               X              X                                        X                

  New York              X        X                            X               X              X              X            X            X               X

  North Carolina        X                                     X               X              X              X            X            X                

  North Dakota                                                X               X                             X                         X                

  Ohio                  X                   X                 X               X              X                                        X               X

  Oklahoma                                                    X                              X              X            X            X                

  Oregon                X                   X                 X               X              X              X                         X                

  Pennsylvania          X        X          X                 X               X              X              X                         X               X

  Rhode Island                   X                            X               X              X                                        X                

  South Carolina                                              X               X              X                                        X                

  South Dakota                                                X                                                                                        

  Tennessee             X                                     X               X              X                                        X                

  Texas                 X                   X                 X               X              X              X                         X                

  Utah                  X        X          X                 X               X              X              X            X            X                

  Vermont                        X          X                 X                                                                       X                

  Virginia              X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  Washington            X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  West Virginia                                               X                              X                                        X                

  Wisconsin             X        X                            X               X              X              X                         X                

  Wyoming                                                     X                                                                       X                

  Puerto Rico                                                                                X                                                         

  \* Some FLAP                                                                                                                                        
  grants were                                                                                                                                         
  awarded in 2006                                                                                                                                     
  --------------- ----- -------- ---------- ---------- ------ --------------- -------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ --------------- -----------

**Appendix 3. NSLI Funding by Agency: FY 2007 and 2008**

+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
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| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| g |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| , |                                        |      |      |     |      |
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| 7 |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| a |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| d |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| 2 |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| 0 |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| 0 |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| 8 |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| ( |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| m |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| l |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| l |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| o |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| s |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| o |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| f |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| d |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| o |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| l |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| l |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| a |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| r |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| s |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| ) |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * |                                        | **FY | **FY | **  | **FY |
| * |                                        | 07   | 07** | FY0 | 08** |
| A |                                        | \*** |      | 8** |      |
| c |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| t |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| v |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| t |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| y |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * | ** **                                  | F    | (Bu  | Fi  | (Bu  |
| * |                                        | inal | dget | nal | dget |
|   | ** **                                  | App  | Requ | A   | Requ |
| * |                                        | rop. | est) | ppr | est) |
| * | ** **                                  |      |      | op. |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * | Foreign Language Assistance Program    | \$24 | (\   | \$2 | (\   |
| * |                                        |      | $24) | 6.5 | $24) |
| E |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| d |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| u |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| c |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| a |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| t |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| i |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| o |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Advancing America Through Foreign      | \$0  | (\   | \$0 | (\   |
|   | Language Partnerships                  |      | $24) |     | $24) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Language Teacher Corps                 | \$0  | (    | \$0 | (    |
|   |                                        |      | \$5) |     | \$5) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | E-Learning Language Clearinghouse      | \$0  | (    | \$0 | (    |
|   |                                        |      | \$1) |     | \$1) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative          | \$0  | (    | \$0 | (    |
|   |                                        |      | \$3) |     | \$3) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | \*Or redirected funds                  |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
|   |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * | STARTALK                               | \    | (\$  | \   | (\   |
| * |                                        | $4.9 | 4.9) | $12 | $10) |
| O |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| D |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| N |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| I |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * | Expanding K-16 pilot to 3 programs     | \$3  | (    | \$3 | (    |
| * |                                        |      | \$3) |     | \$3) |
| D |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| e |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| f |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| e |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| n |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| s |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| e |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Expanding the National Flagship        | \$   | (\$  | \$1 | (\$  |
|   | Language Initiative                    | 11.3 | 7.2) | 1.2 | 8.7) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | National Language Corps                | \    | (    | \$  | (    |
|   |                                        | $6.5 | \$9) | 6.5 | \$9) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
|   |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
| * | Intensive Summer Language Institutes   | \$6  | (    | \$9 | (    |
| * |                                        |      | \$6) |     | \$9) |
| S |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| t |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| a |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| t |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| e |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
| * |                                        |      |      |     |      |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Gilman Scholarships for Study Abroad   | \    | (    | \$  | (\$  |
|   | Enhancement                            | $1.1 | \$1) | 1.1 | 1.1) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Fulbright Critical Language            | \    | (    | \$  | (\$  |
|   | Enhancement Awards for U.S. Students   | $1.5 | \$3) | 1.5 | 1.5) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching    | \$5  | (    | \$5 | (    |
|   | Assistant Program                      |      | \$5) |     | \$5) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | Teacher Exchange Program               | \$.9 | (\$  | \$  | (\$  |
|   |                                        |      | 2.6) | 1.5 | 1.5) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | NSLI-Youth                             | \    | (    | \$5 | (    |
|   |                                        | $1.3 | \$1) |     | \$5) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | NSLI-Youth (Semester and Year Abroad   | \$0  | (    | \$  | (\$  |
|   | Programs)                              |      | \$8) | 3.6 | 3.6) |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+
|   | **NSLI Total All programs**            | **   | **(  | *   | *    |
|   |                                        | \$65 | 107. | *\$ | *(\$ |
|   |                                        | .5** | 7)** | 85. | 114. |
|   |                                        |      |      | 9** | 4)** |
+---+----------------------------------------+------+------+-----+------+

**Appendix 4. Contacts and Program Links, by Agency**

**U.S. Department of Education**

**Betsi Shays**

<Betsi.Shays@ed.gov>

202-219-7032

> Foreign Language Assistance Program:
>
> <http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/oela/OELAprograms/4_FLAP.htm>
>
> Teacher-to-Teacher Initiative:
>
> [http://www.ed.gov/teachers/how/tools/initiative/index.html](../%20http://www.ed.gov/teachers/how/tools/initiative/index.html)

**U.S. Department of State**

**Jessica Roberts**

<Robertsjs2@state.gov>

202-453-8111

> Intensive Summer Language Institutes:
>
> [http://www.clscholarship.org](http://www.clscholarship.org/)
>
> Fulbright Critical Language Enhancement Awards for U.S. Student
> Program:
>
> <http://us.fulbrightonline.org/thinking_type.html#lang>
>
> Gilman Scholarship for Study Abroad:
>
> <http://www.iie.org/programs/gilman/index.html>
>
> NSLI-Youth (includes Summer Language Institutes for High School
> Students and Semester and Year Abroad):
>
> <http://www.exchanges.state.gov/education/citizens/students/programs/nsli.htm>
>
> Intensive Summer Language Institutes for Teachers:
>
> [https://apps.americancouncils.org](https://apps.americancouncils.org/)
>
> Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistants:
>
> <http://www.flta.fulbrightonline.org/home.html>
>
> Teachers of Critical Languages Program:
>
> <http://www.americancouncils.org/TCLP/index.php>

**U.S. Department of Defense**

**Robert Slater**

<Slaterr@ndu.edu>

703-696-1991

> The Language Flagship:
>
> [http://www.thelanguageflagship.org](http://www.thelanguageflagship.org/)
>
> The National Language Service Corps:
>
> [http://www.nlscorps.org](http://www.nlscorps.org/)

**Office of the Director of National Intelligence**

**Hugh McFarlane**

<Hgmcfar@nsa.gov>

443-479-7164

**Rusty Shugart**

<rustyes@dni.gov>

703-275-3048

**Benjamin Thomas**

<Benjamlt@dni.gov>

703-482-4873

> STARTALK:

<http://www.nflc.org/projects/current_projects/startalk>