**Environmental Cost Element Structure Level 3 Dictionary**

+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ECES DESCRIPTION**                                   | #    |
| ECES |                                                        | #### |
| \#** |                                                        |  UOM |
+======+========================================================+======+
| **.  | **PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, SUPPORT & INFRASTRUCTURE         | ##   |
| 01** | (OPTIONAL)**                                           | ###  |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### PERSONNEL RESOURCES                                | #### |
| .01. |                                                        | # LS |
| 01** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes personnel who oversee and    |      |
|      |     plan the environmental program, develop and        |      |
|      |     coordinate policy. Activities include development  |      |
|      |     of guidance, resolution of environmental           |      |
|      |     compliance and project integration issues, and     |      |
|      |     management of multiple projects.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROGRAM SUPPORT**                                    | **   |
| .01. |                                                        | LS** |
| 02** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes resources needed to provide  |      |
|      |     support to the program including travel, training, |      |
|      |     public affairs, community relations, engineering   |      |
|      |     support, legal support, administrative support,    |      |
|      |     regulatory agency support, procurement of          |      |
|      |     equipment and supplies for offices. Consultants    |      |
|      |     who provide program planning and program           |      |
|      |     management support are also included.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE**                             | **   |
| .01. |                                                        | LS** |
| 03** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element accounts for resources associated     |      |
|      |     with development and maintaining a Governmental    |      |
|      |     agency\'s infrastructure and property ownership.   |      |
|      |     This includes overhead elements such as insurance, |      |
|      |     interest, fees, rent, warehousing, building        |      |
|      |     maintenance, and equipment maintenance required to |      |
|      |     implement environmental programs.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL RESOURCES**                     | **   |
| .01. |                                                        | LS** |
| 04** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes Government personnel who     |      |
|      |     oversee and plan the environmental program, and    |      |
|      |     develop and coordinate policy. Activities include  |      |
|      |     development of guidance, resolution of             |      |
|      |     environmental compliance and project integration   |      |
|      |     issues, and management of multiple projects.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GOVERNMENT PROGRAM SUPPORT**                         | **   |
| .01. |                                                        | LS** |
| 05** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes Government resources to      |      |
|      |     provide support to the environmental program. This |      |
|      |     would include resources for travel, training,      |      |
|      |     public affairs, community relations, engineering   |      |
|      |     support, legal support, administrative support,    |      |
|      |     regulatory agency support, procurement of          |      |
|      |     equipment and supplies for offices, and            |      |
|      |     consultants who provide program planning and       |      |
|      |     program management support.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GOVERNMENT PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE**                  | #### |
| .01. |                                                        | # LS |
| 06** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element accounts for Government resources     |      |
|      |     associated with maintaining a Government agency\'s |      |
|      |     infrastructure and property ownership. This        |      |
|      |     includes overhead elements such as insurance,      |      |
|      |     interest, fees, rent, warehousing, building        |      |
|      |     maintenance, equipment maintenance, etc. required  |      |
|      |     to implement environmental programs.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | ##   |
| .01. |                                                        | ###  |
| 9x** | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #### |
|      | -   This element includes program management work not  | # LS |
|      |     described by the above-listed subsystems.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **PROJECT MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (Operable Unit/Solid    |      |
| 02** | Waste Management Unit, Project Specific)**             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROJECT MANAGEMENT/SUPPORT/ADMINISTRATION**          | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes personnel and resources for  |      |
|      |     the management and control of project activities.  |      |
|      |     The element also includes scoping, planning,       |      |
|      |     estimating, executing, tracking, controlling,      |      |
|      |     reporting, analyzing, and closure of the project.  |      |
|      |     This element also includes direct management of    |      |
|      |     the project and the support and administrative     |      |
|      |     functions needed for successful project            |      |
|      |     management.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMMUNITY RELATIONS**                                | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes activities required to       |      |
|      |     inform the public of project activities and        |      |
|      |     appropriately involve the public in decisions      |      |
|      |     related to environmental management activities of  |      |
|      |     sites.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REGULATORY INTERACTION**                             | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes submittals and interface     |      |
|      |     activities with local, state and Federal           |      |
|      |     regulatory agencies.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS**                             | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 04** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes measures taken to protect    | *LS/ |
|      |     the public health and safety from hazardous,       | YR** |
|      |     toxic, and radioactive contaminants. This can      |      |
|      |     include such measures as posting warning signs,    | **   |
|      |     placing fencing around the site, etc. See also     | LS** |
|      |     Fencing in ECES X.05.14.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the maintenance and          |      |
|      |     inspection of institutional control such as repair |      |
|      |     or replacement of signs, fencing, gates,           |      |
|      |     documents, and other activities. If institutional  |      |
|      |     controls are constructed during the SLTM Phase,    |      |
|      |     use 4.02.04 to capture the construction cost.      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element applies to institutional controls     |      |
|      |     placed at the site-wide level where costs cannot   |      |
|      |     be allocated to distinct projects. If              |      |
|      |     institutional costs are already included under     |      |
|      |     X.01.xx, Program Management, Support, and          |      |
|      |     Infrastructure, do not include in this element.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POST-DESIGN SUPPORT**                                | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 05** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes engineering and design       |      |
|      |     activities supporting procurement of construction  |      |
|      |     (remediation, D&D, etc.) and identifying long lead |      |
|      |     items, pre-bid and pre-award activities.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROCUREMENT - EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS**                | #### |
| .02. |                                                        | # LS |
| 06** | Phase 2 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes personnel and resources used |      |
|      |     in the procurement and warehousing of the project  |      |
|      |     equipment and materials. Note: Charges for         |      |
|      |     procurement could be included in the cost of the   |      |
|      |     equipment and materials under the various          |      |
|      |     technologies and structure elements.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **A/E SUPPORT**                                        | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 07** | Phase 2 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes architectural and            |      |
|      |     engineering oversight and support during various   |      |
|      |     phases of the project or site.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT**                 | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 08** | Phase 2 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes oversight of construction    |      |
|      |     projects and oversight of AE contractors by        |      |
|      |     non-Government personnel.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT**                 | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 09** | Phase 2 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes oversight of construction    |      |
|      |     projects and oversight of AE contractors by        |      |
|      |     Government personnel                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR VERIFICATION OF CLEANUP OR    | **   |
| .02. | REUSE**                                                | LS** |
| 10** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     obtaining an independent third-party verification  |      |
|      |     that environmental goals and performance have been |      |
|      |     obtained.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENFORCEMENT**                                        | #### |
| .02. |                                                        | # LS |
| 11** | Phase 1 and 2                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes activities related to the    |      |
|      |     identification and enforcement of responsibilities |      |
|      |     of the potentially responsible party (PRP).        |      |
|      |     Includes PRP searches, negotiation support, and    |      |
|      |     documentation of finding.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ASSET RECOVERY**                                     | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element captures the money received from sale |      |
|      |     of project assets such as clean equipment,         |      |
|      |     facilities, and materials.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT**                           | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 13** | Phases 1 to 6 and 8                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for an integrated management |      |
|      |     program that establishes accuracy and consistency  |      |
|      |     among design requirements, physical configuration, |      |
|      |     and facility documentation and that maintains this |      |
|      |     consistency throughout the life of the facility as |      |
|      |     changes occur.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROJECT SAFETY AND HEALTH**                          | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 14** | Phases 1 to 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes safety and health costs      |      |
|      |     specifically associated with the project. Example  |      |
|      |     of such costs include support and participation in |      |
|      |     Integrated Safety Management (ISM) Team;           |      |
|      |     development of Hazard and Safety Analysis Reports; |      |
|      |     reviewing, updating and maintaining Hazard and     |      |
|      |     Safety Analysis Reports; implementation of         |      |
|      |     project-specific health and safety requirements;   |      |
|      |     and other health and safety costs.                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONTRACT CLOSEOUT**                                  | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 15** | Phases 1 to 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes contract closeout activities |      |
|      |     that carryover to LTS following closure of the     |      |
|      |     site. These activities are associated with former  |      |
|      |     operating contracts that were issued prior to site |      |
|      |     closure. Activities associated with administration |      |
|      |     of contracts issued during LTS are included in     |      |
|      |     X.02.06, Procurement---Equipment and Material.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REALTY SERVICES**                                    | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 16** | Phases 1 to 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes professional realty services |      |
|      |     associated with transfer of property from DOE to   |      |
|      |     other parties. Establishment and maintenance of    |      |
|      |     institutional controls in land records for         |      |
|      |     transferred property is included in X.02.04,       |      |
|      |     Institutional Control.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### REGULATORY AGENCY OVERSIGHT STAFF              | *    |
| .02. |                                                        | *LS/ |
| 17** | Phase 6                                                | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for direct funding of  |      |
|      |     regulatory agency staff providing oversight to LTS |      |
|      |     activities.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INFORMATION MANAGEMENT**                             | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 18** | All Phases                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element contains activities associated with   |      |
|      |     management of site records and other information   |      |
|      |     related to the site. Level 3 elements address      |      |
|      |     operation of a records management facility;        |      |
|      |     management of records at an off-site archive;      |      |
|      |     management of records in electronic format,        |      |
|      |     including maintenance of hardware, software, and   |      |
|      |     storage media; and records declassification.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### LITIGATION SUPPORT                             | *    |
| .02. |                                                        | *LS/ |
| 19** | All Phases                                             | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for staff labor        |      |
|      |     providing litigation support.                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### LESSONS LEARNED MANAGEMENT                     | *    |
| .02. |                                                        | *LS/ |
| 20** | All Phases                                             | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for lessons learned    |      |
|      |     management such as writing and posting/sharing     |      |
|      |     lessons learned, inputting into database,          |      |
|      |     tracking, and maintenance and management of        |      |
|      |     collected data.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **   |
| .02. |                                                        | LS** |
| 9x** | Phases 1 to 8                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes project management           |      |
|      |     activities not described by the above-listed       |      |
|      |     subsystems.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **PREPARATION OF PLANS**                               |      |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WORKPLAN**                                           | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes individual generic project   |      |
|      |     workplans identifying the scope of work, schedule, |      |
|      |     resource requirements, execution and associated    |      |
|      |     activities. See also Environmental Workplan,       |      |
|      |     Element X.03.14, Decommissioning Plan at X.03.15,  |      |
|      |     X.03.17 for Combined Workplan, or other elements   |      |
|      |     in X.03.xx for specific plans.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHEMICAL DATA ACQUISITION PLAN**                     | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing, updating, and     |      |
|      |     maintaining chemical data acquisition plans and    |      |
|      |     tracing the path of the data from receipt in the   |      |
|      |     field or laboratory to the use or storage of the   |      |
|      |     final reported form. The plan addresses standard   |      |
|      |     record-keeping procedures, document control        |      |
|      |     systems, and data storage and retrieval. It        |      |
|      |     includes control mechanisms for detecting and      |      |
|      |     correcting paperwork errors and preventing loss of |      |
|      |     data during data reduction, data reporting, and    |      |
|      |     data entry to forms, reports and databases.        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN**                         | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing, updating, and     |      |
|      |     maintaining sampling and analysis plans that       |      |
|      |     describe how air, water, and soil samples will be  |      |
|      |     collected and analyzed in accordance with          |      |
|      |     technically acceptable protocols. The sampling and |      |
|      |     analysis plan consists of two parts: (1) a quality |      |
|      |     assurance project plan, and (2) the field sampling |      |
|      |     plan.                                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN**                             | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 04** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **   |
|      | -   This element includes preparing, updating, and     | EA** |
|      |     maintaining health and safety plans that specify   |      |
|      |     the procedures that are sufficient to protect      |      |
|      |     on-site personnel and surrounding communities from |      |
|      |     the physical, chemical, or biological hazards. The |      |
|      |     plan outlines hazards, work areas and lists        |      |
|      |     control procedures, air surveillance procedures,   |      |
|      |     levels of protection, decontamination and          |      |
|      |     emergency plans, arrangements for weather-related  |      |
|      |     problems, and responsibilities for implementing    |      |
|      |     the health and safety plan.                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the health and safety plan   |      |
|      |     developed for the site or program. Use Phases 1-5  |      |
|      |     if the plan is project specific.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POLLUTION CONTROL AND MITIGATION PLAN**              | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 05** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing pollution control  |      |
|      |     and mitigation plans developed to prevent or       |      |
|      |     reduce the impact of a hazardous materials         |      |
|      |     incident on people, property, and the environment. |      |
|      |     The plan addresses the following response          |      |
|      |     elements: recognizing the type and degree of the   |      |
|      |     hazard present; determining its effect or          |      |
|      |     potential impact on public health, property, and   |      |
|      |     the environment; control measures to reduce or     |      |
|      |     prevent contact of people with the hazardous       |      |
|      |     materials; and cleanup measures for restoring the  |      |
|      |     area to pre-release conditions.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN**                               | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 06** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing data management    |      |
|      |     plans that discuss how environmental data will be  |      |
|      |     managed. Environmental data include chemical,      |      |
|      |     physical, risk, hydrological, geological, and      |      |
|      |     economic information. The plan addresses the type  |      |
|      |     of database used, software programs, sample        |      |
|      |     tracking, and how the data will be analyzed and    |      |
|      |     displayed.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLAN**                           | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 07** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing community relation |      |
|      |     plans that outline the community relations         |      |
|      |     history, issues of community concern, and specific |      |
|      |     community relations activities to be undertaken    |      |
|      |     during the course of a response action. The plan   |      |
|      |     is designed to facilitate two-way communication    |      |
|      |     between the affected community and the agencies    |      |
|      |     responsible for conducting a response action.      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL PLAN (ENVIRONMENTAL      | **   |
| .03. | MANAGEMENT PLAN)**                                     | EA** |
| 08** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing transportation and |      |
|      |     disposal plans that address environmental          |      |
|      |     mitigation procedures for hazardous substances     |      |
|      |     that are transported from the site. The plan       |      |
|      |     addresses handling/transporting and disposing of   |      |
|      |     hazardous materials.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MANAGEMENT PLAN**                                    | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 09** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **   |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a management plan  | EA** |
|      |     that addresses site specific actions and schedules |      |
|      |     for implementing response actions necessary to     |      |
|      |     protect human health and the environment.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes management plans developed   |      |
|      |     for the program or the site. Use Phases 1 to 6 if  |      |
|      |     the plan is developed for a specific project.      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RISK ASSESSMENT PLAN**                               | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 10** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **   |
|      | -   This element includes preparing risk assessment    | EA** |
|      |     plans. These plans provide a qualitative and       |      |
|      |     quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human |      |
|      |     health or the environment by the actual or         |      |
|      |     potential presence or use of specific pollutants.  |      |
|      |     The assessment includes contaminant                |      |
|      |     identification, exposure assessment, toxicity      |      |
|      |     assessment, and risk characterization.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes risk assessment plans        |      |
|      |     developed for the program or the site. Use Phases  |      |
|      |     1 to 6 if the plan is developed for a specific     |      |
|      |     project.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TECHNICAL PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES**             | #### |
| .03. |                                                        | # LS |
| 11** | Phase 1 to 3                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes defining the scope of        |      |
|      |     response actions to mitigate potential threats to  |      |
|      |     human health and the environment, prevent further  |      |
|      |     environmental degradation, and significantly       |      |
|      |     reduce risks. This includes development of a       |      |
|      |     conceptual site model, identification of data      |      |
|      |     needs and data quality objectives, identification  |      |
|      |     of preliminary construction/work objectives and    |      |
|      |     potential alternatives, identification of          |      |
|      |     treatability studies, preliminary identification   |      |
|      |     of ARARs of STDs, identification of NEPA           |      |
|      |     requirements, and identification of other          |      |
|      |     regulatory requirements.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **IMPLEMENTATION PLANS**                               | #### |
| .03. |                                                        | # EA |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes work incurred to obtain all  |      |
|      |     necessary plans and permits. including QA/QC       |      |
|      |     plans, workplans, shop drawings, demolition plans, |      |
|      |     environmental control plans, pollution control     |      |
|      |     plans, site safety and health plans, site security |      |
|      |     plan, materials handling/transportation/disposal   |      |
|      |     plan and all local, state, and Federal permits.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS/REPORT/APPROVAL**           | #### |
| .03. |                                                        | # LS |
| 13** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the identification of        |      |
|      |     procedures to follow in responding to a hazardous, |      |
|      |     toxic, and radioactive materials incident.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL WORKPLAN**                             | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 14** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing workplans required |      |
|      |     for performing environmental projects. Examples of |      |
|      |     plans are: Remedial Investigation Workplan,        |      |
|      |     Remedial Design Workplan, Remedial Action          |      |
|      |     Workplans, or other environmental workplans. Use   |      |
|      |     element X.03.01 for more generic workplans.        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DECOMMISSIONING PLAN**                               | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 15** | Phase 1 to 3                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing decommissioning    |      |
|      |     plans, which describe the method to be used to     |      |
|      |     prepare to decommission a hazardous and/or         |      |
|      |     radiation contaminated facility. Also includes     |      |
|      |     information on facility history, characterization, |      |
|      |     and status; alternative selection; decommissioning |      |
|      |     activities; program management; worker and         |      |
|      |     environmental protection; environmental            |      |
|      |     management; and final survey plan. Use element     |      |
|      |     X.03.01 for generic workplans.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POST-RA/D&D MONITORING PLAN**                        | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 16** | Phase 4 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a post RA/D&D      |      |
|      |     monitoring plan to ensure the site remains safe.   |      |
|      |     The plan includes discussion of final site         |      |
|      |     configuration, periodic inspection and monitoring, |      |
|      |     maintenance of barriers to prevent intrusion, and  |      |
|      |     prevention of activities that might impair those   |      |
|      |     barriers.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### COMBINED WORKPLAN                                  | ###  |
| .03. |                                                        |      |
| 17** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the preparation,             | ##   |
|      |     maintenance, and updating of a combined workplan.  | # EA |
|      |     A combined workplan includes workplans (e.g.,      |      |
|      |     sampling and analysis plan, health and safety      |      |
|      |     plan, etc.) in one document. An example of a       |      |
|      |     combined workplan is the RFI/RI/BRA workplan which |      |
|      |     provides information on detailed work to be        |      |
|      |     performed, history of waste units and previous     |      |
|      |     characterization activities, risk assessment,      |      |
|      |     contaminant migration criteria, technical analysis |      |
|      |     and approach, and other related information.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PROPOSED PLAN**                                      | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 18** | Phase 1 to 3                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a proposed         |      |
|      |     plan/document that describes the preferred         |      |
|      |     treatment alternative to the general public.       |      |
|      |     Activities include the development of scoping      |      |
|      |     packages, preparation of revision 0 document,      |      |
|      |     resolution and incorporation of comments, and the  |      |
|      |     preparation of revision 1 document Also, the       |      |
|      |     attendance at public meetings may be included in   |      |
|      |     the cost of preparing this plan.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RCRA PERMIT PREPARATION/MODIFICATION**               | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 19** | Phase 3                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Includes all activities associated with preparing  |      |
|      |     or modifying RCRA permits. Also see .02.03.06,     |      |
|      |     Update Regulatory Permits to prevent duplication   |      |
|      |     of costs.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL** **ACTION IMPLEMENTATION PLAN**       | ##   |
| .03. |                                                        | ###  |
| 20** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | #### |
|      | -   Activities associated with preparing a workplan    | # EA |
|      |     that provides a general description of the         |      |
|      |     remedial action and the construction work to be    |      |
|      |     performed as well as a schedule for construction   |      |
|      |     and implementation of the remedial action. This    |      |
|      |     report provides a description of how changes to    |      |
|      |     the remedial design will be managed and how state  |      |
|      |     environmental agencies and the EPA will be         |      |
|      |     notified of any changes. Also included with this   |      |
|      |     document are requirements and plans for any waste  |      |
|      |     disposal and transport activities that will occur  |      |
|      |     as a part of the remedial action. A discussion of  |      |
|      |     the actions required to close out the remedial     |      |
|      |     action project (e.g., equipment startup and        |      |
|      |     testing, operations and maintenance plan, as-built |      |
|      |     drawings) will also be provided.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### WASTE SITE WORK PERMITS                            | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 21** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all activities associated    |      |
|      |     with the preparation or modification of            |      |
|      |     site-required permits. Includes Site Clearance,    |      |
|      |     Site Use, and Work Clearance.                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN REPORTING**                   | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 22** | Phase 1 to 6 and 8                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Actions proposed and implemented to correct        |      |
|      |     problems identified in non-conformance documents.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### MATERIAL DISPOSITION PLAN                      | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 23** | Phases 4 to 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing plans for final    |      |
|      |     disposition of radioactive materials and waste for |      |
|      |     which no means of final disposition is identified  |      |
|      |     at the project beginning. These plans will be      |      |
|      |     prepared when a means of final disposition is      |      |
|      |     identified and will specify all activities leading |      |
|      |     to final disposition.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **   |
| .03. |                                                        | EA** |
| 9X** | Phases 1 to 8                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all other activities         |      |
|      |     involved in preparing plans not described by the   |      |
|      |     above-listed elements.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **STUDIES/DESIGN & DOCUMENTATION**                     |      |
| 04** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### HAZARDOUS, TOXIC, OR RADIOACTIVITY RANKING SYSTEM  | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 2                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes implementing the hazard      |      |
|      |     ranking system (HRS). This system is the principal |      |
|      |     screening tool used by the EPA to evaluate risks   |      |
|      |     to public health and the environment associated    |      |
|      |     with abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous, toxic,   |      |
|      |     or radioactive contaminated sites. The HRS         |      |
|      |     calculates a score based on the potential of       |      |
|      |     hazardous, toxic, or radioactive substances        |      |
|      |     spreading from the site through the air, surface   |      |
|      |     water, or groundwater and on other factors such as |      |
|      |     density and proximity of human population. This    |      |
|      |     score is the primary factor in deciding if the     |      |
|      |     site should be on the National Priorities List,    |      |
|      |     and if so, what ranking it should have. (Minimum   |      |
|      |     score for NPL is 28.5)                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT**                       | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 2                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the execution of a human     |      |
|      |     health risk assessment. The assessment provides    |      |
|      |     for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of |      |
|      |     risk. The following items are included: hazard,    |      |
|      |     toxic, and radiological identification (sources),  |      |
|      |     dose-response assessment, pathway analysis,        |      |
|      |     characterization of the site and potential         |      |
|      |     receptors, exposure assessment, risk               |      |
|      |     characterization, limitations/uncertainties, and a |      |
|      |     site conceptual model.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT**                         | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 2                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes performing an ecological     |      |
|      |     risk assessment. This assessment provides a        |      |
|      |     qualitative or quantitative appraisal of the       |      |
|      |     actual or potential effects of a hazardous waste   |      |
|      |     site on plants and animals other than people and   |      |
|      |     domesticated species. However, information from    |      |
|      |     ecological studies may point to new or unexpected  |      |
|      |     exposure pathways for human populations, and a     |      |
|      |     health assessment may help identify environmental  |      |
|      |     threats.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION**                      | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 04** | Phase 1 to 2                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a baseline risk    |      |
|      |     report that analyzes potential adverse health      |      |
|      |     effects (current or future) caused by hazardous    |      |
|      |     substance releases from a site in the absence of   |      |
|      |     any actions to control or mitigate these releases  |      |
|      |     (i.e., under an assumption of no action). See      |      |
|      |     also X. 04.15, Combined Report for applicability.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT**                      | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 05** | Phase 1 to 2                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes producing a document that    |      |
|      |     presents the results of the remedial investigation |      |
|      |     (RI) or RCRA facility investigation (RFI). This    |      |
|      |     activity includes drafting reports, responding to  |      |
|      |     draft report comments, and finalizing the report.  |      |
|      |     The report discusses site background,              |      |
|      |     investigation, site characteristics, nature and    |      |
|      |     extent of contamination, fate and transport, and   |      |
|      |     conclusions.                                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DEVELOP ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVES**                 | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 06** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes developing environmental     |      |
|      |     alternatives that involve applying site-specific   |      |
|      |     factors to candidate remediation, waste treatment  |      |
|      |     or environmental treatment technologies. The       |      |
|      |     activity includes establishing objectives and      |      |
|      |     general response actions, identifying preliminary  |      |
|      |     alternatives, identifying and screening applicable |      |
|      |     technologies, developing alternatives, identifying |      |
|      |     requirements for treatability studies, assembling  |      |
|      |     technologies into actions, and developing a        |      |
|      |     conceptual site model. See also X. 04.18, Combined |      |
|      |     Feasibility Document for applicability.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SCREEN ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVES**                  | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 07** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves selecting applicable         |      |
|      |     remedial waste treatment or environmental          |      |
|      |     alternatives by applying specific criteria. See    |      |
|      |     also X. 04.18, Combined Feasibility Document for   |      |
|      |     applicability.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **EVALUATE ALTERNATIVES**                              | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 08** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the evaluation of the        |      |
|      |     treatment alternatives by comparing alternatives   |      |
|      |     based on the identified criteria such as           |      |
|      |     protection of human health and the environment,    |      |
|      |     compliance with ARARs, long-term effectiveness and |      |
|      |     permanence, reduction in toxicity/mobility/volume, |      |
|      |     short-term effectiveness, implementability, cost,  |      |
|      |     and state and community acceptance. See also X.    |      |
|      |     04.18, Combined Feasibility Document for           |      |
|      |     applicability.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REFINEMENT OF ALTERNATIVES**                         | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 09** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves refining environmental       |      |
|      |     alternatives to maximize the goals of the action,  |      |
|      |     their ability to meet the established criteria,    |      |
|      |     and improve the probability that the state and     |      |
|      |     community will accept the alternatives. See        |      |
|      |     also X. 04.18, Combined Feasibility Document for   |      |
|      |     applicability.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DOCUMENT FS (CMS)**                                  | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 10** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves performing a study to        |      |
|      |     identify and evaluate options for environmental    |      |
|      |     projects. The Feasibility Study (FS) is generally  |      |
|      |     performed concurrently and interactively with the  |      |
|      |     investigation processes. Activities include        |      |
|      |     drafting the FS report, responding to comments,    |      |
|      |     and finalizing the report. See also X. 04.18,      |      |
|      |     Combined Feasibility Document for applicability.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT DESIGN**            | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 11** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for preparing the            |      |
|      |     preliminary, intermediate, and final design for    |      |
|      |     applicable environmental projects (e.g.,           |      |
|      |     Underground Storage Tanks, Waste Management, or    |      |
|      |     Environmental Restoration). The design stage       |      |
|      |     includes developing design of the selected remedy  |      |
|      |     including the preparation of detailed plans,       |      |
|      |     drawings, and specifications for construction.     |      |
|      |     Office-based engineering support during            |      |
|      |     construction is included in Phase 3; field-based   |      |
|      |     engineering support during construction is         |      |
|      |     included in Phase 4.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DECONTAMINATION/DISMANTLEMENT PROJECT DESIGN**       | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 12** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for decommissioning,         |      |
|      |     decontamination, and dismantlement design          |      |
|      |     preparation, including preliminary design,         |      |
|      |     intermediate design, and final design. The         |      |
|      |     decommissioning, decontamination, and              |      |
|      |     dismantlement design stage includes the            |      |
|      |     development of the actual design of the selected   |      |
|      |     remedy including the preparation of detailed       |      |
|      |     plans, drawings, and specifications for            |      |
|      |     decommissioning, decontamination, and              |      |
|      |     dismantlement. Office-based engineering support    |      |
|      |     during construction is included in Phase 3;        |      |
|      |     fields-based engineering support during            |      |
|      |     construction is included in Phase 4.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FACILITY DESIGN**                                    | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 13** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for facility design          |      |
|      |     preparation, including preliminary design,         |      |
|      |     intermediate design, and final design. The         |      |
|      |     facility design stage includes the development of  |      |
|      |     the actual design of the facility including the    |      |
|      |     preparation of detailed plans, drawings, and       |      |
|      |     specifications for the facility. Office-based      |      |
|      |     engineering support during construction is         |      |
|      |     included in Phase 3; field-based engineering       |      |
|      |     support during construction is included in Phase   |      |
|      |     4.                                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **VALUE ENGINEERING/SPECIAL STUDIES**                  | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 14** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes value engineering during     |      |
|      |     design and construction. Value engineering during  |      |
|      |     design is a function‑oriented, multi-disciplinary  |      |
|      |     team approach used to eliminate unnecessary design |      |
|      |     costs without sacrificing performance or quality.  |      |
|      |     It provides an effective method for defining a     |      |
|      |     problem and a system for achieving the best value. |      |
|      |     Identification, classification, and analysis of    |      |
|      |     functions are used to resolve a problem or         |      |
|      |     determine how to meet a need. Value engineering    |      |
|      |     during construction encourages the construction    |      |
|      |     contractor to propose changes in construction to   |      |
|      |     provide the most up-to-date construction           |      |
|      |     solutions. The value engineering change proposal   |      |
|      |     (VECP) is an incentive clause in a contract that   |      |
|      |     provides the contractor and the Federal agency a   |      |
|      |     monetary benefit. Office-based engineering support |      |
|      |     during construction is included in Phase 3;        |      |
|      |     field-based engineering support during             |      |
|      |     construction is included in Phase 4.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### COMBINED REPORT                                    | ###  |
| .04. |                                                        |      |
| 15** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | #### |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
|      | -   This element includes all efforts related to the   |      |
|      |     preparation of findings during environmental       |      |
|      |     investigation and related technical analyses. For  |      |
|      |     example, the RFI/RI/BRA report includes a unit     |      |
|      |     characterization summary, presentation of the unit |      |
|      |     data, analysis of contaminant fate and transport,  |      |
|      |     human health risk assessment, ecological risk      |      |
|      |     assessment, and the determination of appropriate   |      |
|      |     treatment goal options. This element includes all  |      |
|      |     activities required to prepare, review, revise,    |      |
|      |     and approve the combined report. This element may  |      |
|      |     also include the development of a scoping package, |      |
|      |     the first draft document, comment resolutions,     |      |
|      |     comment incorporation, and the preparation of      |      |
|      |     Revision 1 documents.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENGINEERING EVALUATION/COST ANALYSIS REPORT**        | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 16** | Phase 2 and 3                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing an engineering     |      |
|      |     evaluation/cost analysis report based on-site      |      |
|      |     characterization results, and contaminant of       |      |
|      |     concern and concentrations. This report contains   |      |
|      |     evaluation results of various treatment            |      |
|      |     alternatives, and the costs for the alternatives.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RECORD OF DECISION**                                 | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 17** | Phase 2 and 3                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a Record of        |      |
|      |     Decision. The Record of Decision is the document   |      |
|      |     that describes the treatment options agreed upon   |      |
|      |     by EPA, state, and the responsible party. The      |      |
|      |     scope of the document includes the development of  |      |
|      |     scoping packages, Revision 0 document preparation, |      |
|      |     comment resolution, comment incorporation and the  |      |
|      |     preparation of a Revision 1 document. The document |      |
|      |     may also include attendance at public meetings.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMBINED FEASIBILITY STUDY EFFORT**                  | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 18** | Phase 2                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes elements which combine       |      |
|      |     several of the Structure Elements (i.e. X.04.06 to |      |
|      |     X.04.10) into one element.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POST-CONSTRUCTION DESIGN REPORT**                    | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 19** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing a                  |      |
|      |     post-construction design report. This document     |      |
|      |     provides a general narrative of the construction   |      |
|      |     activity that has been performed for the           |      |
|      |     environmental project. It includes a brief         |      |
|      |     discussion of unexpected conditions encountered in |      |
|      |     the field, particularly those that affected the    |      |
|      |     scope or schedule of the construction work. It     |      |
|      |     also identifies design changes that were required  |      |
|      |     during construction and provides required          |      |
|      |     certifications, verifications and as-built for the |      |
|      |     environmental project.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TASK REQUIREMENTS AND CRITERIA**                     | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | LS** |
| 20** | Phase 3                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Prepared in the preliminary design phase and       |      |
|      |     defines the requirements and criteria for the      |      |
|      |     environmental project.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SUBMITTALS**                                         | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 21** | Phase 3 and 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes reports and documents        |      |
|      |     submitted during or after completion of design and |      |
|      |     construction. Examples of submittals include punch |      |
|      |     list, project acceptance report, survey results,   |      |
|      |     final Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)    |      |
|      |     reports, and as-built drawings.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **   |
| .04. |                                                        | EA** |
| 9x** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all other activities         |      |
|      |     involved in the studies/design and documentation   |      |
|      |     not described by the above-listed categories.      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | # SITE WORK                                            | #    |
| 05** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILIZATION                                         | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #### |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
|      | # This element includes the transport                  |      |
|      | of equipment, personnel, and facilities to the site, a |      |
|      | nd construction of temporary facilities and utilities. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # CLEANUP/LANDSCAPING/REVEGETATION                     | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes cleanup activities           |      |
|      |     consisting of general area cleanup, removal of     |      |
|      |     trash and debris, and washing or sweeping of roads |      |
|      |     and parking lots usually as a concluding activity  |      |
|      |     in a project or program. This element also         |      |
|      |     includes landscaping activities consisting of land |      |
|      |     preparation for, and execution of, seeding,        |      |
|      |     planting, sodding, revegetation of site; slope     |      |
|      |     protection; fertilization; watering; and mowing    |      |
|      |     and trimming as required at the site.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # CLEAR AND GRUB                                       | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes clearing and grubbing as     |      |
|      |     necessary for preparing the site for construction, |      |
|      |     remediation, treatment, or other activities.       |      |
|      |     Clearing is the process of removing vegetation     |      |
|      |     such as trees, shrubs, brush, grass, and other     |      |
|      |     plants. Grubbing is the removal of stumps, roots,  |      |
|      |     and debris from soil by heavy equipment such as    |      |
|      |     dozers, scrapers, and excavators.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION (NON-HAZARDOUS)           | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | Phase 1 to 5                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes demolishing or dismantling   |      |
|      |     of structures and facilities such as buildings,    |      |
|      |     roads, pavements, fencing, pipes, and underground  |      |
|      |     utilities in a **non-hazardous area**. This        |      |
|      |     activity also includes the removal of barriers and |      |
|      |     other structures. Dismantling and demolition in    |      |
|      |     hazardous areas should use treatment technologies  |      |
|      |     and Facility D&D activities in sections X.21.xx to |      |
|      |     X.31.xx, and X.34.xx to decontaminate the          |      |
|      |     structures. See X.14.01 also for Demolition for OE |      |
|      |     Removal.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK                             | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes excavation necessary for     | M^3^ |
|      |     site improvements; preparation for construction;   |      |
|      |     installation of pipes, installation of underground |      |
|      |     utilities, treatment units and facilities;         |      |
|      |     roadways; foundation; and other cut and fill       |      |
|      |     requirements. This element includes removal of     |      |
|      |     large rocks or excavation of various types of      |      |
|      |     soils, grading, backfilling, stripping topsoil,    |      |
|      |     soil compaction, and other miscellaneous           |      |
|      |     activities. Methods include blasting, excavating   |      |
|      |     with dragline, clamshell, or excavators. Other     |      |
|      |     activities in the site work assume excavation is   |      |
|      |     not included. Therefore, use this element when     |      |
|      |     excavation and earthwork are necessary. It should  |      |
|      |     be noted that if excavation is already included as |      |
|      |     part of other specific elements, the user should   |      |
|      |     not double count by using this element again. This |      |
|      |     element does not include substructure removal      |      |
|      |     under D&D. See Element X.31.17.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LOAD AND HAUL**                                      | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the loading and hauling of   |      |
|      |     excavation cut-and-fill materials, debris and      |      |
|      |     trash, stockpiled materials, and other materials   |      |
|      |     that may be needed for transport to and from other |      |
|      |     locations such as disposal facilities or material  |      |
|      |     plants. Also includes handling and dumping fees.   |      |
|      |     Dump trucks, loaders, and haulers may be used.     |      |
|      |     Other activities in the Site Work Element assume   |      |
|      |     load and haul is not included. Therefore use this  |      |
|      |     activity when loading and hauling are necessary.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BORROW PIT/HAUL ROADS                                | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   A borrow pit is the location to obtain fill        |      |
|      |     material for earthwork that meets certain          |      |
|      |     specifications. A haul road is used to transport   |      |
|      |     the borrowed material to the construction site.    |      |
|      |     This element includes the construction and         |      |
|      |     excavation of haul roads and borrow pits where     |      |
|      |     necessary.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # ACCESS ROADS                                         | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Access to a site is often a major concern in any   | ^2^/ |
|      |     project where heavy equipment must be moved or     | YR** |
|      |     transported. This element includes construction of |      |
|      |     access roads for construction sites or other       |      |
|      |     facilities when access is inadequate or does not   |      |
|      |     exist. The access road can consist of one-lane     |      |
|      |     dirt or gravel road to more complex multi-lane     |      |
|      |     asphalt and concrete systems.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, clearing,    |      |
|      |     cleaning, repair, and maintenance of access roads  |      |
|      |     during normal use after completion of              |      |
|      |     construction.                                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # ARTERIAL ROADS/DIVIDED HIGHWAYS                      | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 09** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing permanent       | ^2^/ |
|      |     arterial roads or divided highways for public or   | YR** |
|      |     private use due to the change of traffic patterns  |      |
|      |     caused by the project construction or ongoing      |      |
|      |     facility operations and maintenance. Costs in this |      |
|      |     element include components such as road            |      |
|      |     construction materials, barricades, equipment,     |      |
|      |     guardrails, curbs and gutters, and other integral  |      |
|      |     components not already included by using other     |      |
|      |     elements. It is assumed that excavation/earthwork  |      |
|      |     is not included in this element. If                |      |
|      |     excavation/earthwork are necessary, use X.05.05,   |      |
|      |     Excavation and Earthwork.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, clearing,    |      |
|      |     cleaning, repair, and maintenance during normal    |      |
|      |     use after completion of construction.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DIESEL GENERATOR**                                   | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 10** | Phases 1 to 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   Cost to purchase and install diesel generators     | *EA/ |
|      |     that usually provide stand-by and emergency power. | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     operating and maintaining the diesel generator.    |      |
|      |     Examples of costs include oil and lubrication,     |      |
|      |     replacing parts, inspection of system components,  |      |
|      |     cleaning of area, and other operation and          |      |
|      |     maintenance costs.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ACCESS CONTROL FACILITY                                | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 11** | Phases 1 to 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construction of a facility that controls entrance  | ^2^/ |
|      |     and exit of personnel, material, equipment,        | YR** |
|      |     automobiles and other items.                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     operating and maintaining the access control       |      |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # RAILROAD TRACKS AND CROSSING                         | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element is used when there is a need to       |      |
|      |     construct railroad tracks or a crossing for the    | ##   |
|      |     transport of materials to the site. Activities     | ###  |
|      |     include preparation of track bed, tracks, ties,    | M/YR |
|      |     materials, markings, and other required items.     |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection, clearing,        |      |
|      |     repair, and maintenance of the tracks and          |      |
|      |     crossing.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BRIDGES                                              | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes the cost to construct        |      |
|      |     bridges necessary for site or project construction | **M  |
|      |     and operations. Types of bridges include timber or | ^2^/ |
|      |     wooden structures, concrete structures, iron or    | YR** |
|      |     steel structures, or composite material            |      |
|      |     structures.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, cleaning,    |      |
|      |     clearing, repairs, and maintenance of bridges      |      |
|      |     during normal use after completion of              |      |
|      |     construction.                                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # FENCING                                              | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 14** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element includes constructing various types   |      |
|      |     of fencing and gates for boundary placement,       | **M/ |
|      |     security, safety, privacy, or other purposes. If   | YR** |
|      |     minor excavation and earthwork are necessary to    |      |
|      |     install the fence, the cost should be included in  |      |
|      |     this element. See also Institutional Controls,     |      |
|      |     X.02.04.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repairs, and |      |
|      |     maintenance of fences and boundary placements      |      |
|      |     during normal operations.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PARKING LOTS                                         | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 15** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes constructing gravel,         |      |
|      |     asphalt, or concrete parking lots as needed for    | **M  |
|      |     site/facility construction and for personnel       | ^2^/ |
|      |     during operations and maintenance of the facility. | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, clearing,    |      |
|      |     cleaning, repairs, and maintenance of parking lots |      |
|      |     during normal use after completion of the          |      |
|      |     construction. This includes the placement of a new |      |
|      |     surface cover over the existing surface. This may  |      |
|      |     be required due to deteriorated condition of the   |      |
|      |     surface, or because of changes to the marking.     |      |
|      |     Existing concrete or asphalt surfaces will be      |      |
|      |     resurfaced with asphalt surfaces or concrete, and  |      |
|      |     gravel surfaces will be resurfaced with gravel.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # RETAINING WALL                                       | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 16** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes constructing retaining walls |      |
|      |     designed to hold back soil or other loose material | **M  |
|      |     and prevent these materials from falling or        | ^2^/ |
|      |     sliding. Costs in this element include the         | YR** |
|      |     retaining wall structure components, footing,      |      |
|      |     construction, and minor trenching. If major        |      |
|      |     excavation and earthwork are necessary, use        |      |
|      |     element X.05.05.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection, repair, and      |      |
|      |     maintenance of the retaining wall.                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SIDEWALKS**                                          | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 17** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing gravel,         | ^2^/ |
|      |     asphalt, brick, or reinforced concrete sidewalks   | YR** |
|      |     for pedestrian traffic.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes routine inspection,          |      |
|      |     clearing, cleaning, repairs, and maintenance of    |      |
|      |     sidewalks during normal use after the completion   |      |
|      |     of construction.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SPRINKLER SYSTEM                                     | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 18** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element includes constructing sprinkler       |      |
|      |     systems for landscaping irrigation or for dust     | ##   |
|      |     suppression during construction and facility       | ###  |
|      |     operations. This element includes piping, pumping, | M/YR |
|      |     sprinkler heads, valves, reducers, and control     |      |
|      |     systems.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, and          |      |
|      |     maintenance of sprinkler systems during normal use |      |
|      |     after completion of the construction.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # STRUCTURES/CULVERTS                                  | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 19** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element includes the construction or          |      |
|      |     placement of cast-in-place concrete pipes or       | **M  |
|      |     barrels, or large corrugated metal pipe culverts.  | ^2^/ |
|      |     These culverts, usually installed under roadways,  | YR** |
|      |     are used for storm-water collection, directing the |      |
|      |     flow of water, and for transport of runoff. This   |      |
|      |     element includes piping, fittings, manholes, and   |      |
|      |     other work integral to construction of             |      |
|      |     structure/culverts. Major earthwork and            |      |
|      |     excavations are not included in the costs for this |      |
|      |     element.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, clearing,    |      |
|      |     cleaning, repairs, and maintenance of structures   |      |
|      |     and culverts during normal use after completion of |      |
|      |     the construction. This includes the placement of a |      |
|      |     new surface cover over the existing roadway for    |      |
|      |     the stripped roadway. This may be required do to   |      |
|      |     deteriorated condition of the surface, or because  |      |
|      |     of changes to the markings. Existing concrete or   |      |
|      |     asphalt surfaces will be resurfaced with asphalt   |      |
|      |     or concrete, and gravel surfaces will be           |      |
|      |     resurfaced with gravel.                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GAS DISTRIBUTION LINES                               | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 20** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element includes the construction or          |      |
|      |     placement of gas distribution pipelines from the   | **M/ |
|      |     main distribution to site locations. Costs in this | YR** |
|      |     element include pipe supports and foundation,      |      |
|      |     piping, valves and switches, and other             |      |
|      |     miscellaneous costs. Major excavation and          |      |
|      |     earthwork are excluded from this element.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repair, and  |      |
|      |     maintenance of gas distribution pipelines during   |      |
|      |     normal use after completion of the construction.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # FUEL DISTRIBUTION LINES                              | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 21** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## M |
|      | -   This element includes the construction or          |      |
|      |     placement of pipelines for fuels distribution      | **M/ |
|      |     (excluding gas distribution) from the distribution | YR** |
|      |     main to required site locations. Costs for this    |      |
|      |     element include foundations/supports, switches and |      |
|      |     valves, pumps, piping, and other auxiliary         |      |
|      |     components. This element does not include major    |      |
|      |     excavation or earthwork. Use X.05.05 to account    |      |
|      |     for Excavation and Earthwork.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repair, and  |      |
|      |     maintenance of fuel line distribution during       |      |
|      |     normal use after completion of the construction.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # FUEL STORAGE TANKS                                   | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 22** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **   |
|      |                                                        | EA** |
|      | -   This element includes installing or constructing   |      |
|      |     storage tanks for fuel during site construction or | *    |
|      |     facility operation and maintenance. It also        | *EA/ |
|      |     includes foundations or support for the tanks and  | YR** |
|      |     meters and controls. This element does not include |      |
|      |     major excavation or earthwork. Use X.05.05 to      |      |
|      |     account for Excavation and Earthwork.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repair and   |      |
|      |     maintenance of fuel storage tanks during normal    |      |
|      |     use after completion of the construction.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HEATING/COOLING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS                 | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 23** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes the construction or          |      |
|      |     installation of heating and cooling distribution   | **M/ |
|      |     systems from a central plant source to the         | YR** |
|      |     construction site or for facility operations and   |      |
|      |     maintenance. A distribution system consists of     |      |
|      |     supply pipe for chilled water and a separate pipe  |      |
|      |     for hot water. Also included is a separate return  |      |
|      |     pipe from the site to the central plant. This      |      |
|      |     element includes support frames and structures,    |      |
|      |     system instrumentation and controls, valves,       |      |
|      |     fittings, flow measures, and other appurtenances.  |      |
|      |     Use X.05.05 to account for Excavation and          |      |
|      |     Earthwork.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repair, and  |      |
|      |     maintenance of heating and cooling distribution    |      |
|      |     systems during normal use after completion of      |      |
|      |     construction.                                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # STEAM DISTRIBUTION AND CONDENSATE RETURN SYSTEMS     | *    |
| .05. |                                                        | *M** |
| 24** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes the construction or          | M/YR |
|      |     installation of steam distribution and condensate  |      |
|      |     return systems from a central plant source to the  |      |
|      |     construction site or for facility operations and   |      |
|      |     maintenance. Distribution systems consist of a     |      |
|      |     supply pipe for steam and a separate pipe for      |      |
|      |     condensate. Also included is a separate return     |      |
|      |     pipe from the site to the central plant. This      |      |
|      |     element includes support frames and structures,    |      |
|      |     system instrumentation and controls, valves,       |      |
|      |     fittings, flow measures, access ways, and other    |      |
|      |     appurtenances. Use X.05.05 to account for          |      |
|      |     Excavation and Earthwork.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection, repair, and  |      |
|      |     maintenance of steam distribution and condensate   |      |
|      |     return systems during normal use after completion  |      |
|      |     of construction.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # TREATMENT PLANTS/LIFT STATIONS                       | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 25** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes constructing treatment       |      |
|      |     plants and lift stations used to treat and         | **M  |
|      |     transport non-contaminated or non-hazardous        | ^2^/ |
|      |     fluids. This element includes water or wastewater  | YR** |
|      |     treatment unit construction and installation,      |      |
|      |     piping, valves and fittings, instrumentation and   |      |
|      |     controls, supporting frames and structures, and    |      |
|      |     other necessary appurtenances. This element does   |      |
|      |     not include excavation and earthwork. Use X.05.05  |      |
|      |     to account for Excavation and Earthwork.           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes treatment plant operation    |      |
|      |     and inspection, repairs, and maintenance of the    |      |
|      |     treatment plant or the lift station during normal  |      |
|      |     use.                                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # WATER DISTRIBUTION                                   | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 26** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes installing or constructing a |      |
|      |     system to distribute potable or irrigation water   | **M/ |
|      |     to construction sites or facilities from a central | YR** |
|      |     location. This element includes piping, valves and |      |
|      |     fittings, instrumentation and controls, pumps,     |      |
|      |     manholes, and other required appurtenances. Use    |      |
|      |     X.05.05 to account for Excavation and Earthwork.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, clearing, cleaning, repairs, and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of the water distribution system       |      |
|      |     during normal use.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # WATER STORAGE TANKS                                  | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 27** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **   |
|      |                                                        | EA** |
|      | -   This element includes the installing or            |      |
|      |     constructing tanks to store potable or irrigation  | ###  |
|      |     water for construction sites or facilities. This   | ## E |
|      |     element includes tanks, piping, valves and         | A/YR |
|      |     fittings, instrumentation and controls, pumps, and |      |
|      |     other required appurtenances. Use X.05.05 to       |      |
|      |     account for Excavation and Earthwork.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, clearing, cleaning, repairs, and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of water storage tanks during normal   |      |
|      |     use                                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # STORM SEWER SYSTEMS                                  | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 28** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes the installing or            |      |
|      |     constructing systems to collect, redirect, and     | **M/ |
|      |     transport storm water at the construction site or  | YR** |
|      |     for the facility to a central treatment plant.     |      |
|      |     This element includes piping, valves and fittings, |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls, pumps, manholes, and |      |
|      |     other required appurtenances. Use X.05.05 to       |      |
|      |     account for Excavation and Earthwork.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, clearing, cleaning, repairs, and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of storm sewers during normal use.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS                               | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 29** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes the construction and         |      |
|      |     installation of underground or aboveground         | **M  |
|      |     communication systems including phones, fax,       | ^2^/ |
|      |     video, or e-mails. Included in the element is the  | YR** |
|      |     installation of cables and wires, hardware,        |      |
|      |     switches, conduits, and other equipment.           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, and maintenance of communication       |      |
|      |     systems during normal use.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # LIGHTING                                             | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 30** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes the installation or          |      |
|      |     fabrication of illuminating devices at the         | **M/ |
|      |     construction site, roadways, facilities, and other | YR** |
|      |     areas at the site. It includes switches, light     |      |
|      |     bulbs, poles, foundation, and other fixtures. Use  |      |
|      |     X.05.05 to account for Excavation and Earthwork.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection, clearing,        |      |
|      |     cleaning, repairs, and maintenance of lighting     |      |
|      |     systems during normal use.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # OVERHEAD ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION                     | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 31** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes installing or constructing   |      |
|      |     devices for overhead electrical distribution to    | **M/ |
|      |     construction sites or facilities from a central    | YR** |
|      |     location. This element assumes there is no         |      |
|      |     excavation for distribution line installations,    |      |
|      |     but includes wires, poles, switches, transformers, |      |
|      |     and other related items.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection, repairs, and     |      |
|      |     maintenance of overhead electrical distribution    |      |
|      |     during normal use.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION                  | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 32** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes installing or constructing   |      |
|      |     buried electrical power distribution enclosures,   | **M/ |
|      |     wires, cables, switches, fixtures, transformers,   | YR** |
|      |     and other appurtenances from a central location to |      |
|      |     a construction site or to a facility. Use X.05.05  |      |
|      |     to account for Excavation and Earthwork.           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection, repairs, and     |      |
|      |     maintenance of underground electrical distribution |      |
|      |     systems during normal use.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS                               | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 33** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | *    |
|      |                                                        | *M** |
|      | -   This element includes installation and             |      |
|      |     construction of systems to collect and transport   | **M/ |
|      |     aqueous sanitary waste to a central treatment      | YR** |
|      |     location from a construction site or a facility.   |      |
|      |     Items include piping, pumps, instrumentation and   |      |
|      |     controls, valves and fittings, storage tanks, and  |      |
|      |     other necessary appurtenances. Use X.05.05 to      |      |
|      |     account for Excavation and Earthwork.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, clearing, cleaning, repairs, and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of sanitary sewers during normal use.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # RESTORATION OF BUILDINGS AFTER D&D                   | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 34** | Phase 4 to 6                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 3^** |
|      | -   This element includes restoration of buildings and |      |
|      |     facilities for reuse after D&D.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMPRESSED AIR/NITROGEN SYSTEMS**                    | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 35** | Phases 1 to 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing and constructing  | ^3^/ |
|      |     systems to supply compressed air and nitrogen.     | YR** |
|      |     Items include piping, compressors, instrumentation |      |
|      |     and controls, valves and fittings, storage tanks,  |      |
|      |     and other necessary appurtenances. Use X.05.05 to  |      |
|      |     account for Excavation and Earthwork.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation and      |      |
|      |     inspection, clearing, cleaning, repairs, and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of compressed air and nitrogen system  |      |
|      |     during normal use                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DEMOBILIZATION                                       | #    |
| .05. |                                                        |      |
| 36** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes the transportation of        |      |
|      |     equipment back to owner and personnel back to      | #### |
|      |     their permanent place of residence. This element   | # LS |
|      |     provides for all work associated with plant        |      |
|      |     takedown and removal of temporary facilities,      |      |
|      |     utilities, equipment, material, and personnel.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POPULATION RELOCATION**                              | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 37** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **   |
|      | -   This element includes the relocation of residents  | EA** |
|      |     or users during a project due to the contamination |      |
|      |     of a site or potential risk posed to the citizens. |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 8                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the relocation of residents  |      |
|      |     to reduce the risk of exposure or potential for    |      |
|      |     contamination due to site-wide or base-wide        |      |
|      |     activities.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### RELOCATED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS                     | *    |
| .05. |                                                        | *M** |
| 38** | ### Phase 1 to 4                                       |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | ### This element includes co                           | ###  |
|      | sts associated with relocation of distribution systems | M/YR |
|      |  such as gas, fuel, water, communications, and electri |      |
|      | cal. This task may include removal of old distribution |      |
|      |  systems and installation and connection of new system |      |
|      | s. Excavation to install the distribution systems in i |      |
|      | ncluded in this element. See also elements X.05.04 and |      |
|      |  X.05.36 to ensure that cost have not been duplicated. |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ###                                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ### Phase 5 and 6                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ### This element does not include operation and main   |      |
|      | tenance of distribution systems during normal use. See |      |
|      |  specific systems in Elements X.05.20 through X.05.32. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STEAM PLANT FACILITY**                               | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 39** | Phases 1 to 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct a facility that produces the steam       | ^2^/ |
|      |     required for each of the major facilities. The     | YR** |
|      |     steam plant facility includes the steam plant      |      |
|      |     building, the boiler fuel oil day tank area        |      |
|      |     adjacent to the steam plant building, and a        |      |
|      |     condensate return to the boiler.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     operating and maintaining the steam plant facility |      |
|      |     and associated equipment. Example of cost includes |      |
|      |     operation of steam plants, replacing parts,        |      |
|      |     regular inspection of system components, cleaning  |      |
|      |     and clearing of area, and other operation and      |      |
|      |     maintenance costs.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### SWITCH GEAR BUILDING                           | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 40** | Phases 1 to 4                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct a facility that distributes incoming     | ^2^/ |
|      |     power from the DOE substation to all site          | YR** |
|      |     facilities.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     operating and maintaining the switch gear          |      |
|      |     building. Examples of costs include operating the  |      |
|      |     facility, replacing parts, regularly inspecting    |      |
|      |     system components, cleaning and clearing of areas, |      |
|      |     and other operation and maintenance costs.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SWITCH GEAR BUILDING FOR IMPORTANT-TO-SAFETY         | **M^ |
| .05. | SYSTEMS**                                              | 2^** |
| 41** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 1 to 4                                          | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^2^/ |
|      | -   Construct a specialized facility that distributes  | YR** |
|      |     incoming power from the diesel generators to       |      |
|      |     important-to-safety systems.                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     operating and maintaining the switch gear building |      |
|      |     for important-to-safety systems. Examples of costs |      |
|      |     include operating the facility, replacing parts,   |      |
|      |     regularly inspecting system components, cleaning   |      |
|      |     and clearing of areas, and other operation and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities.                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GENERAL REQUIREMENTS**                               | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 51** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes work and costs associated    |      |
|      |     with initial set-up and final closeout of the site |      |
|      |     such as mobilization and demobilization, and       |      |
|      |     temporary construction of roads and fencing to     |      |
|      |     access and secure the site.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CLEAN** **SITE WORK**                                | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 52** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes activities such as initial   |      |
|      |     site visit and preparations; excavation and        |      |
|      |     earthwork; loading, hauling, and dumping; clearing |      |
|      |     and grubbing; paving and surfacing; bridges and    |      |
|      |     railroads; providing for piped utilities, sewage   |      |
|      |     and drainage; and landscaping.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONCRETE**                                           | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 53** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes work associated with placing |      |
|      |     concrete such as formwork, reinforcement, cast-in- |      |
|      |     place concrete, and transporting and installing    |      |
|      |     precast concrete.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MASONRY**                                            | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 54** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Material, labor, and equipment costs associated    |      |
|      |     with installing various types of masonry units     |      |
|      |     such as bricks, blocks, stones, ties, reinforcing, |      |
|      |     scaffolding, sand blasting, cleaning, and          |      |
|      |     performing other masonry tasks.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **METALS**                                             | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | KG** |
| 55** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs associated with installing or constructing   |      |
|      |     metal components in buildings and structures.      |      |
|      |     Examples of cost components include metal          |      |
|      |     specialties such as: fasteners, metal framing,     |      |
|      |     structural steel and aluminum, metal joists, metal |      |
|      |     decking, stairs, ladders, rails, floor plates and  |      |
|      |     grating, and metal roping.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WOOD & PLASTICS**                                    | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 56** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs associated with installing wood or plastic   |      |
|      |     buildings and structures. Examples of wood cost    |      |
|      |     components include: fasteners and adhesives, wood  |      |
|      |     framing, columns and other structural supports,    |      |
|      |     roofs, sheathing, flooring, decking, millwork      |      |
|      |     molding, shelving, plastic laminate, paneling,     |      |
|      |     finish carpentry, preservation and treatment,      |      |
|      |     stairs and handrails, cabinets.                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | > Examples of costs associated with plastics include   |      |
|      | > fiberglass columns and rails, grating, and vanity    |      |
|      | > and counter tops.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION**                    | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 57** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs associated with installing thermal and       |      |
|      |     moisture protection such as waterproofing and damp |      |
|      |     proofing; insulation and fireproofing; shingles,   |      |
|      |     roofing, and siding; membrane roofing; flashing    |      |
|      |     and sheet metals; skylights; and joint sealers.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DOORS AND WINDOWS**                                  | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 58** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with metal, |      |
|      |     wood, glass, and plastic doors, frames, and        |      |
|      |     windows. This element also includes miscellaneous  |      |
|      |     costs such as hinges, glazing, screens, locks,     |      |
|      |     doorstops, bumpers, and similar items.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FINISHES**                                           | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 59** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element is associated with finishing          |      |
|      |     buildings and rooms and installing aesthetic       |      |
|      |     features. Examples of costs include: lathing,      |      |
|      |     plastering, and boarding; flooring and carpeting;  |      |
|      |     interior painting, wall papers, and wall           |      |
|      |     coverings; tiling and terrazzo; ceilings; trims;   |      |
|      |     exterior painting; and other finishing work.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### SPECIALITIES                                   | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 60** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs of specialty items for |      |
|      |     facilities such as visual display boards, bathroom |      |
|      |     partitions and compartments, bath accessories,     |      |
|      |     prefabricated fireplaces, stoves, flagpole,        |      |
|      |     lockers, fire protection equipment, and other      |      |
|      |     specialty items.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SPECIALIZED BUILDING EQUIPMENT**                     | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 61** | ####### Phase 1 to 6                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for equipment and      |      |
|      |     building features such as vaults, bullet-resistant |      |
|      |     windows, church altars, seating, surveillance      |      |
|      |     equipment, movie screens and projectors, stage     |      |
|      |     equipment, curtains, laundry and dry cleaning      |      |
|      |     equipment, cash registers, food services equipment |      |
|      |     and appliances, health club equipment, laboratory  |      |
|      |     equipment, shop equipment, and medical equipment.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### FURNISHINGS                                    | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 62** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs of furnishing for      |      |
|      |     offices, buildings, or facilities. Examples of     |      |
|      |     furnishings include blinds or shades, display      |      |
|      |     cases, cabinets, furniture, interior plants, and   |      |
|      |     other furnishing items.                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### SPECIAL FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION                | **M^ |
| .05. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 63** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing special         |      |
|      |     facilities such as gymnasiums, greenhouses,        |      |
|      |     darkrooms, clean rooms, pre-engineered buildings,  |      |
|      |     underground and above-ground storage tanks,        |      |
|      |     swimming pools and enclosures, air control towers, |      |
|      |     ice rinks, and other specialty facilities.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### CONVEYING SYSTEMS                              | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | EA** |
| 64** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes items such as elevators,     |      |
|      |     escalators, lifts, hoists, cranes, moving walks,   |      |
|      |     dumbwaiters, and other systems to convey people,   |      |
|      |     material, and equipment from one location to       |      |
|      |     another.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### MECHANICAL                                     | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 65** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element covers costs associated with pipes    |      |
|      |     and fittings; conduits and ducts; plumbing         |      |
|      |     fixtures; pumps; water appliances; fire            |      |
|      |     protection; heating, air conditioning and          |      |
|      |     ventilation; and other mechanical equipment.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### ELECTRICAL                                     | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 66** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element covers costs associated with power    |      |
|      |     distribution, lighting, conductors and grounding,  |      |
|      |     electrical boxes and wiring, controls, motors,     |      |
|      |     starters, boards, switches, transformers, bust     |      |
|      |     ducts, and other electrical specialty and          |      |
|      |     miscellaneous items.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **   |
| .05. |                                                        | LS** |
| 9x** | Phases 1 to 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Other activities associated with clean site work.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **SURVEILLANCE & MAINTENANCE**                         |      |
| 06** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FACILITY TRANSITION**                                | **   |
| .06. |                                                        | LS** |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 6 and 8                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes planning for acceptance      |      |
|      |     criteria and end-point development and for         |      |
|      |     end-point criteria verification.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OUTDOOR SURVEILLANCE & MAINTENANCE**                 | #    |
| .06. |                                                        | #### |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 6 and 8                                     | #### |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes activities required to       | ^/YR |
|      |     manage inactive waste sites to minimize the spread |      |
|      |     of surface soil contamination and to comply with   |      |
|      |     regulatory requirements.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INDOOR SURVEILLANCE & MAINTENANCE**                  | **M  |
| .06. |                                                        | ^2^/ |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 6 and 8                                     | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes activities to minimize the   |      |
|      |     risks to the environment and human health and      |      |
|      |     safety posed by the radiological and hazardous     |      |
|      |     materials inventory.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **M  |
| .06. |                                                        | ^2^/ |
| 9x** | Phases 1 to 6                                          | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform other surveillance and maintenance         |      |
|      |     activities.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | # INVESTIGATIONS & MONITORING/SAMPLE COLLECTION        | #    |
| 07** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SITE RECONNAISSANCE                                  | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes the general survey of a site |      |
|      |     to determine the situation or condition of the     |      |
|      |     area. Activities include ecological resources      |      |
|      |     reconnaissance, well inventory and sampling, land  |      |
|      |     survey, topographic mapping, field screening, and  |      |
|      |     historical investigation of the site.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING                            | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | ##   |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
|      | -   This element includes measurement of wind,         |      |
|      |     precipitation, barometric pressure, and other      |      |
|      |     meteorological parameters. The element also        |      |
|      |     includes procuring equipment; constructing         |      |
|      |     monitoring stations; and installing, setting up,   |      |
|      |     testing, operating and maintaining meteorological  |      |
|      |     stations and instrument shelters.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SITE CONTAMINANT SURVEYS/RADIATION MONITORING**      | **   |
| .07. |                                                        | EA** |
| 03** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves site contaminant surveys and |      |
|      |     radiation monitoring. Site contaminant surveys     |      |
|      |     include determining the level of radiation or      |      |
|      |     contamination present at the site or at a certain  |      |
|      |     location. Radiation monitoring includes the        |      |
|      |     measuring of radiation or personal body count      |      |
|      |     levels and at specified site areas. Body count     |      |
|      |     monitoring includes personal dosimetry systems,    |      |
|      |     hand or foot counters and whole body counters.     |      |
|      |     Area monitoring includes remote monitoring, alarm  |      |
|      |     systems, survey monitoring, and special case area  |      |
|      |     monitoring. Also, the construction of the          |      |
|      |     monitoring station and purchase and installation   |      |
|      |     of equipment and material are included as part of  |      |
|      |     site contaminant survey/radiation monitoring.      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS---GROUNDWATER         | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes the investigation of site    |      |
|      |     hydrogeological characteristics such as gradient,  |      |
|      |     depth and size of the water table, permeability or |      |
|      |     porosity, flow direction, well drawdown, and       |      |
|      |     related activities. Mechanisms for investigation   |      |
|      |     include hydro punch, tidal influence studies, pump |      |
|      |     tests, and groundwater elevation measurements. The |      |
|      |     purchase and installation of equipment and         |      |
|      |     material are also included in this element.        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS --- SURFACE WATER     | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes the investigation of the     |      |
|      |     site hydrogeological characteristics such as flow, |      |
|      |     velocity, depth and size of the water body, flow   |      |
|      |     direction, water source, and related activities.   |      |
|      |     Mechanisms for investigation include tidal         |      |
|      |     influence studies, elevation measurements, field   |      |
|      |     surveys, and other tests. The purchase and         |      |
|      |     installation of equipment and material are also    |      |
|      |     included as part of this element.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GEOPHYSICAL /GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION              | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | -   This element includes investigation of surface and |      |
|      |     subsurface geological characteristics such as      |      |
|      |     mineral, biological, organic composition of soil,  |      |
|      |     soil moisture content, permeability, porosity,     |      |
|      |     geological formations, soil conductivity, soil     |      |
|      |     pressure, shear strength, soil classification,     |      |
|      |     retardation or contaminant sorption capacity, and  |      |
|      |     other physical properties of the soil. Activities  |      |
|      |     include drilling, remote sensor surveys, review of |      |
|      |     site history, soil testing, seismic studies, and   |      |
|      |     other techniques.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION                             | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 07** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        | M^2^ |
|      | # This element in                                      |      |
|      | cludes ecological investigation activities such as wet |      |
|      | land and habitat delineation, wildlife observation, wi |      |
|      | ldlife and habitat community characterization, identif |      |
|      | ication of endangered species, and other related activ |      |
|      | ities to establish baseline conditions and to determin |      |
|      | e actions needed to reduce environmental and ecologica |      |
|      | l impact during construction and facility operations.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **AIR MONITORING AND SAMPLING**                        | #### |
| .07. |                                                        | # EA |
| 08** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes air monitoring and sampling  |      |
|      |     for detection of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive |      |
|      |     contaminants to ensure compliance with clean air   |      |
|      |     regulations. This element includes monitoring of   |      |
|      |     asbestos; hazardous, toxic, and radioactive        |      |
|      |     contaminants; and contaminated dust, gases, and    |      |
|      |     vapors. See Asbestos Abatement (X.15.04) for air   |      |
|      |     monitoring during asbestos abatement. Construction |      |
|      |     of the monitoring station and installation of      |      |
|      |     hardware are included as part of air monitoring    |      |
|      |     and sampling cost.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GROUNDWATER SAMPLING/MONITORING                      | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | EA** |
|      | # This element includes                                |      |
|      |  sampling and monitoring groundwater to detect hazardo |      |
|      | us, toxic, and radioactive contaminants to ensure comp |      |
|      | liance with local, state, and Federal regulations. Cos |      |
|      | ts for collecting routine samples and constructing the |      |
|      |  monitoring station are also included in this element. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SURFACE WATER SAMPLING                               | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes s                              |      |
|      | ampling and monitoring surface water to detect hazardo |      |
|      | us, toxic, and radioactive contaminants to ensure comp |      |
|      | liance with local, state, and Federal regulations. Cos |      |
|      | ts for collecting routine samples and constructing the |      |
|      |  monitoring station are associated with this activity. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLING                               | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 11** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | #### |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
|      | -   This element includes sampling soil and sediments  |      |
|      |     to detect hazardous, toxic, and radioactive        |      |
|      |     contaminants to ensure compliance with local,      |      |
|      |     state, and Federal regulations. Costs for          |      |
|      |     collecting routine samples and constructing bore   |      |
|      |     holes, drilling, and similar tasks are included in |      |
|      |     this element if the costs are not captured in      |      |
|      |     Element X.07.06, Geophysical/Geotechnical          |      |
|      |     Investigation.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING                                  | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes sampling of habitat or biota |      |
|      |     surrounding the construction site or the facility  |      |
|      |     to ensure that hazardous, toxic, and radioactive   |      |
|      |     contaminants have not affected species (such as    |      |
|      |     causing changes to food supply, growth,            |      |
|      |     reproduction, population, or other factors). This  |      |
|      |     element also includes the costs of labor,          |      |
|      |     equipment, and material required to obtain the     |      |
|      |     samples.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MATERIAL/WASTE SAMPLING**                            | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | **   |
|      |                                                        | EA** |
|      | -   This element includes material or waste sampling.  |      |
|      |     Material or waste sampling includes work           |      |
|      |     associated with the retrieval of liquid, solid,    |      |
|      |     sludge, and gas samples to determine the presence  |      |
|      |     of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive contaminants. |      |
|      |     This element also includes sampling of leachate,   |      |
|      |     residues, and treatment process effluents. Costs   |      |
|      |     include the construction of monitoring and         |      |
|      |     sampling stations and the costs of labor,          |      |
|      |     equipment and material required to obtain the      |      |
|      |     samples.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # CONTAMINATED BUILIDING/STRUCTURES/EQUIPMENT SAMPLES  | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 14** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes sampling equipment, furnitu    |      |
|      | re, building walls, and other structures for the prese |      |
|      | nce of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive contaminants. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MONITORING WELL                                      | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 15** | Phase 1 to 4                                           | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes drilling, installing, and    |      |
|      |     constructing monitoring wells needed during Phases | #### |
|      |     1 to 4. Costs also include tremmie pipe, casing,   | # EA |
|      |     grouting, screening, filter pack, bentonite        |      |
|      |     pellets, and other components essential for the    | *    |
|      |     monitoring well.                                   | *EA/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This el                                              |      |
|      | ement includes the maintenance and operation of monito |      |
|      | ring wells, including well inspections and repairs, cl |      |
|      | earing of areas, ensuring integrity, and performing ot |      |
|      | her activities. This element does not include taking s |      |
|      | amples at monitoring wells. See X.07.09 for this cost. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # CONSTRU                                              | #    |
| .07. | CT SITE-SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) |      |
| 16** |                                                        | # EA |
|      | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes developing a GIS system to   |      |
|      |     assist in characterizing and investigating a site. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HISTORICAL/CULTURAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION      | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 17** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | #### |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
|      | -   Obtaining, collecting, and reviewing of records    |      |
|      |     and data to determine and identify if the proposed |      |
|      |     project will have impact on historical, cultural,  |      |
|      |     or archeological investigations.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | #    |
| .07. |                                                        |      |
| 9X** | Phases 1 to 6                                          | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Other activities associated with investigation,    | # EA |
|      |     monitoring, and sample collection.                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | ### SAMPLE ANALYSIS                                    | #    |
| 08** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # AIR/GAS SAMPLE ANALYSIS                              | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element                                         |      |
|      | includes analyzing air and gas samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS                          | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 02** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This el                                              |      |
|      | ement includes analyzing water samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SURFACE WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS                        | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 03** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element in                                      |      |
|      | cludes analyzing surface water samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS                        | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | EA** |
|      | # This element includ                                  |      |
|      | es analyzing soil and sediment samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GAS WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS                            | #### |
| .08. |                                                        | # EA |
| 05** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element in                                      |      |
|      | cludes analyzing gaseous waste samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # LIQUID MATERIAL/WASTE SAMPLING                       | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This elem                                            |      |
|      | ent includes analyzing aqueous samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SOLID MATERIAL/WASTE SAMPLING                        | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 07** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | # This element includes ana                            |      |
|      | lyzing solid material or waste samples for hazardous,  | #### |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  | # EA |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BIOTA SAMPLE ANALYSIS                                | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 08** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes                                | # EA |
|      |  the analyzing fauna and flora samples for hazardous,  |      |
|      | toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concentration  |      |
|      | levels. For off-site sample analysis, it is assumed th |      |
|      | at the samples need to be packaged and delivered/trans |      |
|      | ported to an EPA-certified laboratory (see X.09.01). F |      |
|      | or on-site analysis, it is assumed that the laboratory |      |
|      |  is located at the site or facility, and may be operat |      |
|      | ed and maintained by the site management organization. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BIOASSAY SAMPLE ANALYSIS                             | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing samples to determin  | # EA |
|      | e retention and internal depositions of hazardous, tox |      |
|      | ic, and radioactive contaminants in humans or animals. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BIOACCUMULATION STUDIES                              | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | > Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes executing bioaccumulat         |      |
|      | ion studies. Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of a  |      |
|      | substance, such as a toxic chemical, in tissues of liv |      |
|      | ing organisms. Bioaccumulation studies analyze the pre |      |
|      | sence of contaminants and their concentrations in orga |      |
|      | nisms, and how these contaminants affect the organism. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---AIR/GAS SAMPLE ANALYSIS                     | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 11** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing air and g            | # EA |
|      | as samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive conta |      |
|      | minants and concentration levels using a mobile unit.  |      |
|      | A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such  |      |
|      | that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near the |      |
|      |  sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analys |      |
|      | is to be completed with a very short turnaround time.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS                 | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing groundwa             | # EA |
|      | ter samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---SURFACE WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS               | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing surface wa           | # EA |
|      | ter samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS               | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 14** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing soil and sedim       | # EA |
|      | ent samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---GAS WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS                   | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 15** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing gas waste sa         | # EA |
|      | mples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive contaminan |      |
|      | ts and concentration levels using the mobile unit. A m |      |
|      | obile unit is defined as a transportable unit such tha |      |
|      | t an analysis unit can be brought to the site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE ---LIQUID WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS               | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 16** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing liquid wa            | # EA |
|      | ste samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---SOLID WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS                 | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 17** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes analyzing solid wa             |      |
|      | ste samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MOBILE---BIOTA SAMPLE ANALYSIS                       | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 18** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #### |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
|      | # This element includes analyzing flora and fa         |      |
|      | una samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a mobile unit. |      |
|      |  A mobile unit is defined as a transportable unit such |      |
|      |  that an analysis unit can be brought on-site, near th |      |
|      | e sampling location. A mobile unit allows sample analy |      |
|      | sis to be completed with a very short turnaround time. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---AIR/GAS SAMPLE ANALYSIS                  | # EA |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 19** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element inclu                                   |      |
|      | des real-time analysis of air and gas samples for haza |      |
|      | rdous, toxic, and radioactive contaminants and concent |      |
|      | ration levels using a portable, hand held, or stationa |      |
|      | ry analyzer such as Flame Ionization Detector, Photon  |      |
|      | Ionization Detector, portable gas chromatograph or oth |      |
|      | er system that can analyze for the presence and amount |      |
|      |  of contaminants immediately or within a few minutes.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS              | # EA |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 20** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes real-ti                        |      |
|      | me analysis of groundwater samples for hazardous, toxi |      |
|      | c, and radioactive contaminants and concentration leve |      |
|      | ls using a portable, hand held, or stationary analyzer |      |
|      |  such as pH meter, conductivity sensor, thermometer, o |      |
|      | r contaminant test kit to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---SURFACE WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS            | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 21** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # EA |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes real-time analysis of su       |      |
|      | rface water samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioact |      |
|      | ive contaminants and concentration levels using a port |      |
|      | able, hand held, or stationary analyzer such pH meter, |      |
|      |  thermometer, flow meter, fluorescence analyzer, or ot |      |
|      | her assay and test kit to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS            | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 22** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes real-time an                   | # EA |
|      | alysis of soil/sediment samples for hazardous, toxic,  |      |
|      | and radioactive contaminants and concentration levels  |      |
|      | using a portable, hand held, or stationary analyzer su |      |
|      | ch pH meter, thermometer, fluorescence analyzer, or ot |      |
|      | her assay and test kit to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---GAS WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS                | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 23** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # Thi                                                  | # EA |
|      | s element includes real-time analysis of waste gas sam |      |
|      | ples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive contaminant |      |
|      | s and concentration levels using a portable, hand held |      |
|      | , or stationary analyzer such as Flame Ionization Dete |      |
|      | ctor, Photon Ionization Detector, portable gas chromat |      |
|      | ograph or other system to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---LIQUID WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS             | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 24** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | #                                                      | # EA |
|      | This element includes real-time analysis of liquid was |      |
|      | te samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive conta |      |
|      | minants and concentration levels using a portable, han |      |
|      | d held, or stationary analyzer such pH meter, thermome |      |
|      | ter, conductivity probe, fluorescence analyzer, or oth |      |
|      | er assay and test kits to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # REAL TIME---SOLID WASTE SAMPLE ANALYSIS              | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 25** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes real-time analysis of solid wa | # EA |
|      | ste samples for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive cont |      |
|      | aminants and concentration levels using a portable, ha |      |
|      | nd held, or stationary analyzer such a Geiger counter, |      |
|      |  thermometer, fluorescence analyzer, or other assay an |      |
|      | d test kit can be used to determine the contaminants a |      |
|      | nd concentrations immediately or within a few minutes. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # OTHER                                                | #    |
| .08. |                                                        |      |
| 9x** | # Phases 1 to 6                                        | #### |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
|      | # This                                                 |      |
|      |  element includes other sample monitoring activities.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | # SAMPLE MANAGEMENT/DATA VALIDATION/DATA EVALUATION    | #    |
| 09** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PREPARE AND SHIP ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES               | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | # This element includes preserving samples; handling   |      |
|      |  and packaging samples; completing chain of custody fo |      |
|      | rm for transport; delivering or transporting samples t |      |
|      | o analytical laboratory; and performing related tasks. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #                                                      | #    |
| .09. | COORDINATE WITH SAMPLE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL/REGULATORS |      |
| 02** |                                                        | #    |
|      | # Phase 1 to 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
|      | # Th                                                   |      |
|      | is element includes the coordination of the sampling p |      |
|      | rocess with management, regulators, and other personne |      |
|      | l to ensure that duplicative efforts are not being per |      |
|      | formed and appropriate activities are being conducted. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # IMPLEMENT EPA-APPROVED LABORATORY QA PROGRAM         | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 03** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | # This element includes the impleme                    |      |
|      | ntation of the total QA program designed to ensure the |      |
|      |  reliability of samples and their analytical results.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PROVIDE SAMPLE MANAGEMENT                            | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element provides for storing, tracking          |      |
|      | , and managing samples. It includes administrative man |      |
|      | agement of sampling personnel, ensuring that personnel |      |
|      |  adhere to QA/QC procedures, ensuring the receipt and  |      |
|      | delivery of samples for analysis, receiving sample ana |      |
|      | lysis results, and other sample management functions.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DERIVED WASTE DISPOSAL (GAS, LIQUID, SOLID)          | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element involves the dispos                     | #    |
|      | al of waste derived from the sampling and analysis pro | M^3^ |
|      | cesses. See also disposal facilities and disposal fees |      |
|      |  associated with disposal facilities in X.13.xx and X. |      |
|      | 13.18. and commercial disposal of waste under X.33.xx. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PERFORM DATA VALIDATION                              | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | # This element involves activities supporting data v   |      |
|      | alidation. It is performed after samples have been ana |      |
|      | lyzed. After analysis results have been received, the  |      |
|      | data, sampling, and the analysis process need to be re |      |
|      | viewed to ensure that the analysis is valid. If the re |      |
|      | sults are determined to be invalid, the data will be t |      |
|      | hrown out. Activities might include performing statist |      |
|      | ical analysis and reviewing outlying data. Written doc |      |
|      | umentation of the validation process is also included. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| *    | # DATA USABILITY EVALUATION/FIELD QA/QC                | #    |
| *09. |                                                        |      |
| 07** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | # This element includes evaluation of the site         |      |
|      | investigation, sampling analysis, and monitoring data  |      |
|      | to determine if the data can be used. It is accomplish |      |
|      | ed by ensuring that all QA/QC procedures were followed |      |
|      |  in all the processes and by determining the relevancy |      |
|      |  of the data collected for use in technology selection |      |
|      |  and other project and program plans. Equipment calibr |      |
|      | ation and maintenance are also included in this task.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| *    | # DATA REDUCTION, TABULATION AND EVALUATION/ANALYSIS   | #    |
| *09. |                                                        |      |
| 08** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This                                                 |      |
|      |  element includes eliminating invalidated data, irrele |      |
|      | vant data, or data that are statistically out of the a |      |
|      | cceptable range. After the data have been evaluated an |      |
|      | d reduced, the results will be tabulated and analyzed. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # MODELING                                             | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves developing and implementing  | ##   |
|      |     the computer model for surface and groundwater     | # LS |
|      |     flow, transportation, retardation, and other       |      |
|      |     relevant characteristics of the contaminant fate.  |      |
|      |     Developing the model is based on information       |      |
|      |     available from literature searches, site           |      |
|      |     investigations, sampling data, and bench-scale     |      |
|      |     studies.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DOCUMENT DATA EVALUATION                             | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | # Phase 1 to 6                                         | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element involves d                              |      |
|      | eveloping and documenting the data evaluation process. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # COMBINED SAMPLE MANAGEMENT                           | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 11** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | #### |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
|      | -   This element combines elements X.09.01 Prepare and |      |
|      |     Ship Environmental Samples, X.09.02 Coordinate     |      |
|      |     with Sample MGT Personnel/Regulators, and X.09.04  |      |
|      |     Provide Sample Management when performed as a      |      |
|      |     single function.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # COMBINED DATA MANAGEMENT                             | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | -   This element combines data management elements     |      |
|      |     X.09.06 Perform Data Validation; X.09.07 Data      |      |
|      |     Usability Evaluation/Field QA/QC; X.09.08 Data     |      |
|      |     Reduction, Tabulation and Evaluation/Analysis when |      |
|      |     performed as a single function.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DATA REVIEW FOR EFFECTIVENESS                        | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | # Phase 4 and 5                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | #                                                      | # LS |
|      |  Evaluate/review data to determine the performance of  |      |
|      | the remediation/treatment method (e.g., Pump & Treat). |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # OTHER                                                | #    |
| .09. |                                                        |      |
| 9x** | Phases 4 and 5                                         | #### |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
|      | -   Other activities and costs associated with sample  |      |
|      |     management, data validation, and data evaluation.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | # TREATABILITY/RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT                | #    |
| 10** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # LITERATURE SEARCH                                    | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes research and revi              | # LS |
|      | ew of journal articles, books, reports, and other docu |      |
|      | ments to determine relevant and applicable technologie |      |
|      | s for the site and for the contaminant to be treated.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DATA COLLECTION                                      | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 02** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes the collecting essential sit   | # LS |
|      | e, chemical, thermal, technology, and other data for f |      |
|      | urther screening of technology alternatives found from |      |
|      |  the literature search. The data also will be used for |      |
|      |  planning and preparing bench-scale or pilot testing.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DEVELOP TREATABILITY WORKPLAN                        | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 03** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes the                            | # LS |
|      | development and preparation of the workplan for the tr |      |
|      | eatability process. It includes determining the amount |      |
|      |  and size of materials, necessary equipment, additiona |      |
|      | l information to be collected from the bench- scale te |      |
|      | sting, cost and schedule estimates, process for implem |      |
|      | enting the treatability study, and related procedures. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DESIGN/PROCURE NEW EQUIPMENT                         | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes developing the detai           | # LS |
|      | led design and operating procedures for the bench-scal |      |
|      | e, pilot-scale, and field-demonstration test of equipm |      |
|      | ent, processes, or materials unavailable commercially. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # BENCH TEST                                           | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | **   |
|      |                                                        | LS** |
|      | # This element includes bench-testing technologie      |      |
|      | s and processes. It is normally performed in a laborat |      |
|      | ory, and surrogate materials may be used. The purpose  |      |
|      | is to obtain enough data on chemistry, kinetics or rea |      |
|      | ction rates, material balances, heat transfer rates, a |      |
|      | nd other relevant factors to use to design and select  |      |
|      | equipment and to develop initial cost and schedule est |      |
|      | imates. The purpose of the bench test is to determine  |      |
|      | the ability of a technology or process to treat waste. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PILOT-SCALE TEST                                     | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element                                         |      |
|      |  includes pilot-testing technologies and processes, us |      |
|      | ually at a smaller scale than the full-scale plant. It |      |
|      |  entails permitting, construction, testing, and operat |      |
|      | ion of the pilot plant to evaluate performance data an |      |
|      | d to obtain more information on the construction and o |      |
|      | peration of the full-scale plant. See X.04.11, Environ |      |
|      | mental Management Project Design for design of equipme |      |
|      | nt and system design. The purpose of the pilot scale t |      |
|      | est is to determine the ability of a technology or pro |      |
|      | cess to treat waste and to confirm bench test results. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # FIELD TEST                                           | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 07** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This el                                              |      |
|      | ement includes demonstrating technologies and processe |      |
|      | s at a contaminated site or facility, using actual was |      |
|      | te. It includes permitting, constructing, and operatin |      |
|      | g the plant or technology. See X.04.11 Environmental M |      |
|      | anagement Project Design for design of project equipme |      |
|      | nt and system design. The purpose of the field test is |      |
|      |  to determine the ability of a technology or process t |      |
|      | o treat waste and to confirm pilot-scale test results. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # TEST SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT                     | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 08** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This                                                 |      |
|      | element includes testing special tools and equipment b |      |
|      | efore their final installation and use. Testing can be |      |
|      |  performed at testing facilities or laboratories. This |      |
|      |  element includes data collection relating to strength |      |
|      |  and durability, suitability to the proposed use, and  |      |
|      | efficiency and performance of the tools and equipment. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DESIGN, PROCURE, TEST NEW PROCEDURES/SPECIFICATIONS  | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | Phases 2 and 3                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This eleme                                           | # LS |
|      | nt includes developing and testing new procedures or n |      |
|      | ew or improved methods of performing tasks and operati |      |
|      | ons that can increase efficiency, minimize cost, incre |      |
|      | ase safety, minimize waste, or provide other benefits. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SIMULATION/MODELING                                  | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes developing or using si         | # LS |
|      | mulators to test materials and equipment or to simulat |      |
|      | e the operation of equipment or facility. Computer pro |      |
|      | grams can also be developed to model the construction  |      |
|      | and operation of equipment, technology, or a facility. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # DOCUMENT TREATABILITY STUDY                          | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 11** | # Phase 2 and 3                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # This element includes documenting the applicability  | # LS |
|      | of specific treatment technologies and results of trea |      |
|      | tability studies and research and development studies. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # STATUS REVIEW                                        | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | Phase 2 and 3                                          | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs associated with reviewing technologies and   |      |
|      |     comparing them to an innovative technology for     |      |
|      |     performance, cost, reliability, waste generation,  |      |
|      |     safety, and other factors.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER                                  | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | Phases 2 and 3                                         | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element captures costs associated with        |      |
|      |     transferring technology from research and testing  |      |
|      |     stages to implementation and commercial            |      |
|      |     application.                                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # PROD                                                 | #    |
| .10. | UCT QUALIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CERTIFICATION |      |
| 14** |                                                        | #### |
|      | Phase 2 and 3                                          | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs associated with qualification,               |      |
|      |     characterization, and certification of the         |      |
|      |     innovative technology, product, or system.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # OTHER                                                | #    |
| .10. |                                                        |      |
| 9x** | Phase 2 and 3                                          | # LS |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Other costs associated with performing             |      |
|      |     treatability research and development.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | ### TREATMENT PLANT/FACILITY/PROCESS                   | ###  |
| 11** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| .1   | COVERED TREATMENT TRAIN TECHNOLOGIES UNIT              | **M^ |
| 1.01 |                                                        | 2^** |
|      | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construction of treatment train that contains      | ^2^/ |
|      |     multiple technologies and also includes rain       | YR** |
|      |     covers, foundations and utilities.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operations and maintenance of the covered          |      |
|      |     treatment train unit.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SHEDS & OTHER SUPPORTING FACILITIES**                | **M^ |
| .11. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | ^2^/ |
|      |     facilities including sheds, covers, and other      | YR** |
|      |     facilities not included in the environmental       |      |
|      |     management facility but that are required to       |      |
|      |     support environmental management activities.       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation (e.g.,     |      |
|      |     receiving, loading, and unloading) and maintenance |      |
|      |     of those facilities during the environmental       |      |
|      |     management operations.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SIMPLE TREATMENT FACILITIES (e.g., EQUIPMENT SLABS,  | **M^ |
| .11. | FOUNDATIONS, UTILITIES)**                              | 2^** |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^2^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | YR** |
|      |     facilities including equipment pads and utilities  |      |
|      |     for a simple treatment, such as ozonation. This    |      |
|      |     element is not intended to provide for larger      |      |
|      |     treatment trains requiring rain covers (see        |      |
|      |     Element X.11.04 for that type of facility).        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for operation of the         |      |
|      |     associated utilities and maintenance of these      |      |
|      |     facilities.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TREATMENT TRAIN FACILITY (e.g., RAIN COVERS,         | **M^ |
| .11. | FOUNDATIONS, UTILITIES)**                              | 2^** |
| 04** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | YR** |
|      |     facilities including rain covers, other            |      |
|      |     structures, and utilities for treatment trains (a  |      |
|      |     series of treatment technologies employed in one   |      |
|      |     location) in the field.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility where the operator or  |      |
|      |     maintenance mechanic is not performing a task      |      |
|      |     specifically identifiable to a treatment           |      |
|      |     technology. For example, the recharge of the Ion   |      |
|      |     Exchange unit will be included in Element X.24.07. |      |
|      |     This element also includes the operation and       |      |
|      |     maintenance of associated utilities and facilities |      |
|      |     during the remedial action.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FULL-SCALE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANT/FACILITY** | **M^ |
| .11. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing the entire  | ^3^/ |
|      |     environmental management facility with the         | YR** |
|      |     exception of the functional space areas included   |      |
|      |     in Elements X.11.06 through X.11.11 or the         |      |
|      |     technology specific equipment found in Elements    |      |
|      |     X.21.xx to X.30.xx and X.34.xx.                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of a facility where the operator or    |      |
|      |     maintenance mechanic is not performing a task      |      |
|      |     specifically identifiable to a treatment           |      |
|      |     technology. The operations and maintenance of a    |      |
|      |     technology housed in the functional area will      |      |
|      |     normally be included in the appropriate            |      |
|      |     technology-specific Elements X.21.xx to X.30.xx    |      |
|      |     and X.34.xx. This element also includes the        |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of associated utilities  |      |
|      |     and facilities during remedial action, waste       |      |
|      |     management, or other environmental projects.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LOW/MODERATE HAZARD         | **M^ |
| .11. | TREATMENT FRONT-END**                                  | 2^** |
| 06** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | YR** |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspection, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparation of       |      |
|      |     low/moderate hazardous waste streams for           |      |
|      |     treatment. Low/moderate hazardous waste streams    |      |
|      |     are those waste streams exclusively regulated      |      |
|      |     under 40 CFR Part 261 and that require minimal     |      |
|      |     health and safety personnel protection (PPE Level  |      |
|      |     C or lower).                                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility for receiving and      |      |
|      |     inspection, container handling, open/dump/sort,    |      |
|      |     and preparation of low/moderate hazardous waste    |      |
|      |     streams for treatment. It also includes the        |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of associated utilities  |      |
|      |     and facilities during the environmental management |      |
|      |     operations.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT HIGH HAZARD/REMOTE          | **M^ |
| .11. | TREATMENT FRONT-END**                                  | 2^** |
| 07** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **^\ |
|      |                                                        | \^** |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   |      |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspection,           | **M  |
|      |     container-handling, open/dump/sort, and            | ^3^/ |
|      |     preparation of high hazardous waste and            | YR** |
|      |     remote-handled waste streams for treatment. Highly |      |
|      |     hazardous or remote-handled wastes are those waste |      |
|      |     streams that are not exclusively regulated under   |      |
|      |     40 CFR Part 261 or that require high levels of     |      |
|      |     personnel protection (PPE Level B or higher),      |      |
|      |     engineering controls, personnel exposure           |      |
|      |     monitoring, or other safeguard.                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facilities for receiving and    |      |
|      |     inspection, container handling, open/dump/sort,    |      |
|      |     and preparation of high hazardous waste and        |      |
|      |     remote-handled waste streams for treatment. It     |      |
|      |     also includes operation and maintenance of         |      |
|      |     associated utilities and facilities during the     |      |
|      |     environmental management operations.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LOW HAZARD FUNCTIONAL       | **M^ |
| .11. | AREA**                                                 | 2^** |
| 08** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing the         | YR** |
|      |     functional space area of permanent facilities      |      |
|      |     dealing with the treatment of low hazardous waste  |      |
|      |     streams (e.g., typical hazardous materials not     |      |
|      |     requiring respirators, PPE Level D).               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the functional space area of        |      |
|      |     permanent facilities for the treatment of low      |      |
|      |     hazardous waste streams (e.g., typical hazardous   |      |
|      |     materials not requiring respirators). This element |      |
|      |     provides for the operation of the facility where   |      |
|      |     the operator or maintenance mechanic is not        |      |
|      |     performing a task specifically identifiable to a   |      |
|      |     treatment technology. The operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of a technology housed in the          |      |
|      |     functional area will normally be included in the   |      |
|      |     appropriate technology-specific Elements X.21.xx   |      |
|      |     to X.30.xx and X.34.xx. This element also includes |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of associated utilities  |      |
|      |     and facilities during the environmental management |      |
|      |     process.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MODERATE HAZARD FUNCTIONAL  | **M^ |
| .11. | AREA**                                                 | 2^** |
| 09** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing the         | YR** |
|      |     functional space area of permanent facilities for  |      |
|      |     treating moderate hazardous waste streams. Those   |      |
|      |     waste streams are exclusively regulated by 40 CFR  |      |
|      |     Part 261 and require minimal health and safety     |      |
|      |     personnel protection (PPE Level C).                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for processing the waste     |      |
|      |     streams and operation of functional areas of       |      |
|      |     permanent facilities for the treatment of moderate |      |
|      |     hazardous waste streams. This element provides for |      |
|      |     the operation and maintenance of the space housing |      |
|      |     a technology application. The operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of a technology housed in the          |      |
|      |     functional area will normally be included in the   |      |
|      |     appropriate technology-specific Elements           |      |
|      |     X.21.xx---X.30.xx and X.34.xx. This element also   |      |
|      |     includes operation and maintenance of associated   |      |
|      |     utilities and facilities during the environmental  |      |
|      |     management process.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT HIGH HAZARD FUNCTIONAL      | **M^ |
| .11. | AREA**                                                 | 2^** |
| 10** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing the         | YR** |
|      |     functional space area of permanent facilities      |      |
|      |     dealing with the treatment of high hazardous waste |      |
|      |     streams (e.g., wastes including high-level         |      |
|      |     radioactive waste and mixed waste). Highly         |      |
|      |     hazardous wastes are those waste streams that are  |      |
|      |     not exclusively regulated under 40 CFR Part 261 or |      |
|      |     that require high levels of personnel protection   |      |
|      |     (PPE Level B or higher), engineering controls,     |      |
|      |     personnel exposure monitoring, or other            |      |
|      |     safeguards.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for processing the high      |      |
|      |     hazardous waste stream and operation of the        |      |
|      |     functional space area of permanent facilities      |      |
|      |     dealing with the treatment of high hazardous waste |      |
|      |     streams (e.g., wastes including high-level         |      |
|      |     radioactive waste and mixed waste). This element   |      |
|      |     provides for the operation of the facility where   |      |
|      |     the operator or maintenance mechanic is not        |      |
|      |     performing a task specifically identifiable to a   |      |
|      |     treatment technology. The operations and           |      |
|      |     maintenance of a technology housed in the          |      |
|      |     functional area will normally be included in the   |      |
|      |     appropriate technology-specific Elements X.21.xx   |      |
|      |     to X.30.xx and X.34.xx. This element also includes |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of associated utilities  |      |
|      |     and facilities during the environmental management |      |
|      |     process.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REMOTE FUNCTIONAL AREA**    | **M^ |
| .11. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing the         | ^3^/ |
|      |     functional space area of permanent facilities for  | YR** |
|      |     the treatment of high hazardous waste streams      |      |
|      |     (e.g., wastes including high-level radioactive     |      |
|      |     waste and alpha-contaminated waste) requiring      |      |
|      |     remote handling.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for processing the high      |      |
|      |     hazardous waste stream and operation of functional |      |
|      |     space area of permanent facilities for the         |      |
|      |     treatment of high hazardous waste streams (e.g.,   |      |
|      |     wastes including high-level radioactive waste and  |      |
|      |     alpha-contaminated waste) requiring remote         |      |
|      |     handling. This element provides for the operation  |      |
|      |     of the facility where the operator or maintenance  |      |
|      |     mechanic is not performing a task specific to a    |      |
|      |     treatment technology. The operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of a technology housed in the          |      |
|      |     functional area will normally be included in the   |      |
|      |     appropriate technology-specific Elements X.21.xx   |      |
|      |     to X.30.xx and X.34.xx. This element also includes |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of associated utilities  |      |
|      |     and facilities during the environmental management |      |
|      |     process.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WASTE TREATMENT FEES AND TAXES**                     | ##   |
| .11. |                                                        | ###  |
| 12** | Phase 4 to 5                                           | M^3^ |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Cost of fees and taxes charged by one Government   |      |
|      |     agency to another or fees charged by one           |      |
|      |     organization to another for treatment of HTR       |      |
|      |     waste. This element is primarily used for          |      |
|      |     capturing waste management costs. See Element      |      |
|      |     X.32.xx for various disposal options applicable to |      |
|      |     some environmental restoration programs.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FACILITY COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES**                  | **   |
| .11. |                                                        | LS** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Activities associated with startup and testing or  |      |
|      |     commissioning of the facility, systems, and        |      |
|      |     equipment. Examples of activities included in this |      |
|      |     element are: testing using cold or simulated       |      |
|      |     waste; testing using hot or actual waste; training |      |
|      |     O&M workers; establishing and refining operational |      |
|      |     parameters, safety, and accident procedures and    |      |
|      |     protocol; performing optimization studies;         |      |
|      |     selecting, establishing, and defining management   |      |
|      |     and working teams. Testing and start up are        |      |
|      |     considered complete when technology operations can |      |
|      |     be sustained at specified operational and quality  |      |
|      |     standards. Also see X.12.10 and X.13.19.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### OTHER                                              | **M^ |
| .11. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Other costs associated with construction of        | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment plant, facility, equipment, or           | YR** |
|      |     processes.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Other costs associated with O&M of treatment       |      |
|      |     plant, facility, equipment, or processes.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **STORAGE FACILITY/PROCESS**                           |      |
| 12** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .12. |                                                        |      |
| 01** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONVENTIONAL STORAGE/WAREHOUSES**                    | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | ^3^/ |
|      |     facilities including sheds, warehouses, and other  | YR** |
|      |     facilities not included in the environmental       |      |
|      |     management facility but that are required for      | **M  |
|      |     storage of hazardous waste and materials           | ^2^/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facilities (e.g., receiving,    |      |
|      |     loading, and unloading) for as long as they are    |      |
|      |     required.                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for long-term surveillance,  |      |
|      |     monitoring, and maintenance of the facility, to    |      |
|      |     ensure compliance with requirements after          |      |
|      |     operations cease.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STORAGE FACILITY FRONT-END**---**LOW/MODERATE        | **M^ |
| .12. | HAZARD**                                               | 2^** |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | YR** |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspection, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparation of       | **M  |
|      |     low/moderate hazardous waste streams for storage.  | ^2^/ |
|      |     Low/moderate hazardous waste streams are those     | YR** |
|      |     waste streams exclusively regulated under 40 CFR   |      |
|      |     Part 261 and that require minimal health and       |      |
|      |     safety personnel protection (PPE Level C or        |      |
|      |     lower).                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facilities for receiving and    |      |
|      |     inspection, container handling, open/dump/sort,    |      |
|      |     and preparation of low/moderate hazardous waste    |      |
|      |     streams for waste storage. It also includes        |      |
|      |     maintenance of these facilities during the waste   |      |
|      |     storage period. Also see X.12.10.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for long-term surveillance,  |      |
|      |     monitoring, and maintenance of the facility to     |      |
|      |     ensure compliance with requirements after          |      |
|      |     operations cease.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STORAGE FACILITY FRONT-END**---**HIGH/REMOTE         | **M^ |
| .12. | HAZARD**                                               | 2^** |
| 04** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | YR** |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspection, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparation of high  | **M  |
|      |     hazardous and remote-handled waste streams for     | ^2^/ |
|      |     storage.                                           | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the operation and        |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facilities for receiving and    |      |
|      |     inspection, container handling, open/dump/sort,    |      |
|      |     and preparation of high hazardous and              |      |
|      |     remote-handled waste streams for waste storage. It |      |
|      |     also includes maintenance of these facilities      |      |
|      |     during the waste storage period. Also see X.12.10. |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for long-term surveillance,  |      |
|      |     monitoring, and maintenance of the facility to     |      |
|      |     ensure compliance with requirements after          |      |
|      |     operations cease.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONTACT-HANDLED STORAGE**                            | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element provides for constructing permanent   | ^3^/ |
|      |     storage facilities for contact-handled hazardous   | YR** |
|      |     waste streams (e.g., high hazardous wastes         |      |
|      |     including hazardous/toxic waste and radioactive    | **M  |
|      |     waste).                                            | ^2^/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the processing of        |      |
|      |     contact-handled waste streams and operation of     |      |
|      |     permanent storage facilities for contact-handled   |      |
|      |     hazardous waste streams (e.g., high hazardous      |      |
|      |     wastes including hazardous/toxic waste and         |      |
|      |     radioactive waste). The operations include         |      |
|      |     receiving, loading, unloading and maintenance of   |      |
|      |     these facilities for as long as they are required. |      |
|      |     Also see X.12.10.                                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for long-term surveillance,  |      |
|      |     monitoring, and maintenance of the facility to     |      |
|      |     ensure compliance with requirements after          |      |
|      |     operations cease.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMOTE-HANDLED STORAGE**                             | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing permanent       | ^3^/ |
|      |     storage facilities for remote-handled hazardous    | YR** |
|      |     waste streams (e.g., high hazardous wastes         |      |
|      |     including high level radioactive waste and         | **M  |
|      |     alpha-contaminated waste requiring remote          | ^2^/ |
|      |     handling).                                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes processing remote-handled    |      |
|      |     hazardous waste streams (e.g., high-level          |      |
|      |     hazardous wastes including high-level radioactive  |      |
|      |     waste and alpha-contaminated waste requiring       |      |
|      |     remote handling) and operations of permanent       |      |
|      |     storage facilities for those waste streams         |      |
|      |     (Operations includes receiving, loading, and       |      |
|      |     unloading waste materials and maintaining the      |      |
|      |     storage facility as long as necessary. Also see    |      |
|      |     X.12.10.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance through facility closure or D&D.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MIXED WASTE STORAGE**                                | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing permanent       | ^3^/ |
|      |     storage facilities for mixed waste streams. Mixed  | YR** |
|      |     waste is waste with both hazardous and             |      |
|      |     radiological constituents.                         | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^2^/ |
|      | Phase 5                                                | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes processing the mixed waste   |      |
|      |     stream (i.e., waste with both hazardous and        |      |
|      |     radiological constituents and operations of the    |      |
|      |     permanent mixed waste storage. Operations include  |      |
|      |     receiving, loading, and unloading mixed waste and  |      |
|      |     maintaining the facilities for as long as          |      |
|      |     necessary. Also see X.12.10.                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance through facility closure or D&D.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### FACILITIES AND SHEDS FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE         | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing and installing  |  M^2 |
|      |     facilities for short-term or temporary storage of  | ^/YR |
|      |     low/moderate hazardous waste.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | > Note: Temporary facilities for all other purposes    |      |
|      | > are included in element X.05.01 Site                 |      |
|      | > Work---Mobilization.                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of temporary facilities. Operations    |      |
|      |     includes receiving, loading, and unloading         |      |
|      |     low/moderate hazardous waste and maintaining       |      |
|      |     facilities for as long as necessary.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WASTE STORAGE FEES AND TAXES**                       | ###  |
| .12. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | ### Phases 4 to 6                                      | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ### Cost o                                             | ###  |
|      | f fees and taxes charged by one Government agency to a | M^3^ |
|      | nother or by one organization to another for the stora |      |
|      | ge of HTR waste. For some environmental restoration pr |      |
|      | ograms, refer to element X.32.xx for disposal options. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STORAGE FACILITY COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES**          | **   |
| .12. |                                                        | LS** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Activities associated with startup and testing or  |      |
|      |     commissioning of storage facility, systems, and    |      |
|      |     equipment. Examples of activities included in this |      |
|      |     element are: testing using cold or simulated       |      |
|      |     waste; testing using hot or actual waste; training |      |
|      |     O&M workers; establishing and refining operational |      |
|      |     parameters, safety, and accident procedures and    |      |
|      |     protocol; performing optimization studies;         |      |
|      |     selecting, establishing, and defining management   |      |
|      |     and working teams. Testing and start up are        |      |
|      |     considered complete when technology operations can |      |
|      |     be sustained at specified operational and quality  |      |
|      |     standards.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### OTHER                                              | **M^ |
| .12. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phases 4                                               |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Constructing other storage facilities or processes | ^3^/ |
|      |     or the costs of other activities associated with   | YR** |
|      |     storage facilities or processes.                   |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | Phase 5                                                | 3^** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operations and maintenance of other storage        |      |
|      |     facilities or processes or the costs of O&M of     |      |
|      |     other activities associated with storage           |      |
|      |     facilities or processes.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Long-term surveillance and maintenance of other    |      |
|      |     storage facilities or processes or the costs of    |      |
|      |     long-term surveillance and maintenance other       |      |
|      |     activities associated with storage facilities or   |      |
|      |     processes.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | ### DISPOSAL FACILITY/PROCESS                          |      |
| 13** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .13. |                                                        |      |
| 01** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISPOSAL FACILITY FRONT-END**---**LOW/MODERATE       | **M^ |
| .13. | HAZARD**                                               | 2^** |
| 02** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing permanent       | YR** |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspecting, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparing            | **   |
|      |     low/moderate hazardous waste streams for disposal. | M^2^ |
|      |     Low/moderate hazardous waste streams are those     | YR** |
|      |     waste streams exclusively regulated under 40 CFR   |      |
|      |     Part 261 and that require minimal health and       |      |
|      |     safety personnel protection (PPE Level C or        |      |
|      |     lower). Also see X.13.19.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operations and           |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facilities including receiving  |      |
|      |     and inspecting, container handling,                |      |
|      |     open/dump/sort, and preparing low/moderate         |      |
|      |     hazardous waste streams for disposal. This element |      |
|      |     also includes operation and maintenance of the     |      |
|      |     facilities during the waste-disposal period.       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the long-term            |      |
|      |     surveillance and maintenance for an indefinite     |      |
|      |     period after facility closure.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISPOSAL FACILITY FRONT-END**---**HIGH/REMOTE        | **M^ |
| .13. | HAZARD**                                               | 2^** |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing permanent       | YR** |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspecting, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparing highly     | **M  |
|      |     hazardous, radioactive, explosive, and             | ^2^/ |
|      |     remote-handled waste streams for disposal. Highly  | YR** |
|      |     hazardous or remote-handled wastes are those waste |      |
|      |     streams that are not exclusively regulated under   |      |
|      |     40 CFR Part 261 or that require high levels of     |      |
|      |     personnel protection (PPE Level B or higher),      |      |
|      |     engineering controls, and personnel exposure       |      |
|      |     monitoring. Also see X.13.19.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating and maintaining    |      |
|      |     facilities for receiving and inspecting, container |      |
|      |     handling, open/dump/sort, and preparing highly     |      |
|      |     hazardous, radioactive, explosive and              |      |
|      |     remote-handled waste streams for disposal. It also |      |
|      |     includes operating and maintaining the facilities  |      |
|      |     during the waste-disposal period.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LANDFILL**                                           | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a landfill.     | ^3^/ |
|      |     Landfills are engineered structures that have      | YR** |
|      |     containment and leachate/runoff control features.  |      |
|      |     See also Solids/Soils Containment (e.g.,           | **M  |
|      |     Capping/Barrier) Collection, or Control under      | ^2^/ |
|      |     X.19.xx. Also see X.13.19.                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of a landfill, burial ground, burial   |      |
|      |     trench, or burial pit. Operation and maintenance   |      |
|      |     includes receiving, inspecting, handling, and      |      |
|      |     monitoring of waste. It also includes operations   |      |
|      |     and maintenance of the facility during the         |      |
|      |     waste-disposal period.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ABOVEGROUND VAULT**                                  | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an aboveground  | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal vault. An aboveground vault is a          | YR** |
|      |     structure composed of concrete or other building   |      |
|      |     material with three walls, a floor, and a roof     | **M  |
|      |     constructed above grade. The vault allows for      | ^2^/ |
|      |     entry of persons and machinery. Also see X.13.19.  | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of an aboveground disposal vault       |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. It also includes operation and         |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility during the             |      |
|      |     waste-disposal period.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **UNDERGROUND VAULT**                                  | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an underground  | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal vault. An underground vault is a          | YR** |
|      |     structure composed of concrete or other building   |      |
|      |     material with three walls, a floor, and a roof     | **M  |
|      |     constructed below grade. The vault allows for      | ^2^/ |
|      |     entry of persons and machinery. Also see X.13.19.  | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of an underground disposal vault       |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. It also includes operation and         |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility during the             |      |
|      |     waste-disposal period.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **UNDERGROUND MINE/SHAFT**                             | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an underground  | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal mine/shaft. A mine/shaft is an excavation | YR** |
|      |     with the floors, walls, and ceiling composed       |      |
|      |     primarily of natural material. The ceiling, walls, | **M  |
|      |     and floor may have supports of wood, steel, or     | ^2^/ |
|      |     concrete as necessary. Also see X.13.19.           | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of an underground disposal mine/shaft  |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. It also includes operation and         |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility during the             |      |
|      |     waste-disposal period.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TANKS**                                              | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing tanks for use   | ^3^/ |
|      |     as disposal units. Tanks are those structures that | YR** |
|      |     are regulated under 40 CFR Part 280, underground   |      |
|      |     storage tanks or 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart J,        | *    |
|      |     aboveground storage tanks. Also see X.13.19.       | *EA/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the disposal storage tanks          |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. It also includes operation and         |      |
|      |     maintenance of the facility during the             |      |
|      |     waste-disposal period.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PADS (TUMULUS/RETRIEVABLE STORAGE/OTHER)**           | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing disposal pads   | ^2^/ |
|      |     (tumulus, retrievable storage, or other). These    | YR** |
|      |     structures have a floor of concrete or other       |      |
|      |     relatively impervious material, possibly with      | **M  |
|      |     walls, but lack a roof or ceiling. Pads may be at  | ^2^/ |
|      |     or below grade. Also see X.13.19.                  | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the pad facility including          |      |
|      |     receiving, inspecting, handling, and monitoring of |      |
|      |     disposal pads (tumulus, retrievable storage, or    |      |
|      |     other).                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITIES (CDF)**                 | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing confined        | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal facilities (CDFs), which are engineered   | YR** |
|      |     structures enclosed by dikes and designed to       |      |
|      |     retain dredged material. They may be located       | **M  |
|      |     upland (above the water table), partially in the   | ^2^/ |
|      |     water near shore, or completely surrounded by      | YR** |
|      |     water. A CDF may have a large cell for material    |      |
|      |     disposal and adjoining cells for retention and     |      |
|      |     decantation of turbid, supernatant water. A        |      |
|      |     variety of linings have been used to prevent       |      |
|      |     seepage through the dike walls. The most effective |      |
|      |     are clay or bentonite-cement slurries, but sand,   |      |
|      |     soil, and sediment linings have also been used.    |      |
|      |     Also see X.13.19.                                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the CDF including receiving,        |      |
|      |     inspecting, handling, and monitoring. It also      |      |
|      |     includes operation and maintenance of the          |      |
|      |     facilities during the waste-disposal period.       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENGINEERED DISPOSAL**                                | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing engineered      | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal facilities not specifically addressed     | YR** |
|      |     elsewhere in this ECES. These engineered disposal  |      |
|      |     facilities are for disposal of radioactive         | **M  |
|      |     (non-RCRA) low-level waste and mixed (RCRA)        | ^2^/ |
|      |     low-level waste. Typical construction includes the | YR** |
|      |     foundation, leachate collection (double leachate   |      |
|      |     collection for RCRA waste), monitoring systems,    |      |
|      |     concrete vaults, and earthen material covers. Also |      |
|      |     see X.13.19.                                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the engineered disposal facilities  |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. Construction of the facility is often  |      |
|      |     a continuous process concurrent with the placement |      |
|      |     of waste containers. This element also includes    |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of the facility during   |      |
|      |     the waste-disposal period.                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INTERMEDIATE-DEPTH DISPOSAL (BURIAL                  | **M^ |
| .13. | GROUNDS/TRENCHES/PITS** )                              | 3^** |
| 12** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing                 | YR** |
|      |     intermediate-depth disposal facilities. These      |      |
|      |     facilities are excavated below grade with no       | **M  |
|      |     containment features (either geological or         | ^3^/ |
|      |     engineered). They may also include a surface cover | YR** |
|      |     of natural materials. Also see X.13.19.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the intermediate-depth facilities   |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring of intermediate-depth disposal          |      |
|      |     facilities.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL**                                  | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing geologic        | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal facilities such as the Waste Isolation    | YR** |
|      |     Pilot Plant (WIPP). The WIPP is designed to        |      |
|      |     contain transuranic waste for more than 10,000     | **M  |
|      |     years by taking advantage of the natural process   | ^2^/ |
|      |     of the encapsulation of the disposal unit buried   | YR** |
|      |     2,000 feet below the surface in a salt mine. Also  |      |
|      |     see X.13.19.                                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the geologic disposal facility      |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring. In the case of WIPP this operation is  |      |
|      |     an involved labor-intensive process ensuring the   |      |
|      |     acceptance of waste and proper placement of it.    |      |
|      |     Elements such as X.32 Material                     |      |
|      |     Handling/Transportation should be used in          |      |
|      |     conjunction with this element. It also includes    |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance of the facilities during |      |
|      |     the waste-disposal period.                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SHALLOW LAND DISPOSAL**                              | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing shallow land    | ^3^/ |
|      |     disposal facilities. Shallow Land Disposal         | YR** |
|      |     facilities are a shallow (as compared to deep      |      |
|      |     geologic disposal) trench system without           | **M  |
|      |     engineered features such as those included in the  | ^2^/ |
|      |     Engineered Disposal Facilities. Drums or other     | YR** |
|      |     containers are placed in the trench and covered    |      |
|      |     with seven feet of soil, clay, and impervious      |      |
|      |     materials similar to a RCRA Subtitle D cap         |      |
|      |     included in X.19.05. Also see X.13.19.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of shallow land disposal facilities    |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling          |      |
|      |     (placement of drums/containers), and monitoring.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DEEP WELL INJECTION**                                | **   |
| .13. |                                                        | EA** |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing deep well       | *EA/ |
|      |     disposal facilities. Waste is injected into        | YR** |
|      |     geologic formations under conditions defined in 40 |      |
|      |     CFR 148, which provides the parameters allowing    | *    |
|      |     injection of waste into geologic formations. Also  | *EA/ |
|      |     see X.13.19.                                       | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of deep well disposal facilities       |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling, and     |      |
|      |     monitoring.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SILO DISPOSAL**                                      | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 16** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a silo disposal | *EA/ |
|      |     system, a type of engineered disposal facility     | YR** |
|      |     (see X.13.11) designed for disposal of 30 to 5,000 |      |
|      |     M^3^of radioactive (non-RCRA) low-level waste and  | #    |
|      |     mixed (RCRA) low-level waste. Silos are small,     | ## E |
|      |     engineered, aboveground, cylindrical, reinforced   | A/YR |
|      |     concrete disposal units constructed in clusters.   |      |
|      |     When a silo is filled with waste containers, it is |      |
|      |     back-filled with sand and cast in place with       |      |
|      |     reinforced concrete. When all silos are filled,    |      |
|      |     they are back-filled and covered with a            |      |
|      |     multi-layer cap. Also see X.13.19.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     silo disposal facilities including receiving,      |      |
|      |     inspecting, handling (placement of waste           |      |
|      |     containers), and monitoring. It also includes      |      |
|      |     maintenance of this facility during the            |      |
|      |     waste-disposal operational period.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for the long- term           |      |
|      |     surveillance and maintenance after facility        |      |
|      |     closure for an indefinite period of time.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BOREHOLE DISPOSAL**                                  | **   |
| .13. |                                                        | EA** |
| 17** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes using borehole disposal      | *EA/ |
|      |     technology, which is a stand alone engineered      | YR** |
|      |     disposal unit (see X.13.11) designed for disposal  |      |
|      |     of 1 cubic meter of radioactive (non-RCRA)         | *    |
|      |     low-level waste and mixed (RCRA) low-level waste.  | *EA/ |
|      |     Each bore-hole is drilled into a suitable shallow  | YR** |
|      |     geologic formation, backfilled with concrete, and  |      |
|      |     completed with a multi-layer engineered cap. Also  |      |
|      |     see X.13.19.                                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element provides for operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of borehole disposal facilities        |      |
|      |     including receiving, inspecting, handling          |      |
|      |     (placement of waste), and monitoring.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes long-term surveillance and   |      |
|      |     maintenance for an indefinite period after         |      |
|      |     facility closure.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISPOSAL FEES AND TAXES (FOR COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL SEE | ##   |
| .13. | ECES X.33)**                                           | ###  |
| 18** |                                                        | M^3^ |
|      | Phase 4 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs and any other fees and |      |
|      |     tax charges levied on one Government agency or     |      |
|      |     department/organization by another for waste       |      |
|      |     disposal. For some environmental restoration       |      |
|      |     programs, refer to element X.33.xx for disposal    |      |
|      |     options.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISPOSAL FACILITY COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES**         | **   |
| .13. |                                                        | LS** |
| 19** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Activities associated with startup and testing or  |      |
|      |     commissioning of disposal facility, systems, and   |      |
|      |     equipment. Examples of activities included in this |      |
|      |     element are: testing using cold or simulated       |      |
|      |     waste; testing using hot or actual waste; training |      |
|      |     O&M workers; establishing and refining operational |      |
|      |     parameters, safety, and accident procedures and    |      |
|      |     protocol; performing optimization studies;         |      |
|      |     selecting, establishing, and defining management   |      |
|      |     and working teams. Testing and start up are        |      |
|      |     considered complete when technology operations can |      |
|      |     be sustained at specified operational and quality  |      |
|      |     standards.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### OTHER                                              | **M^ |
| .13. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phases 4                                               |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construction of other disposal facilities or       | ^3^/ |
|      |     processes or costs of other activities associated  | YR** |
|      |     with storage facilities or processes. Also see     |      |
|      |     X.13.19.                                           | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^2^/ |
|      | Phase 5                                                | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operations and maintenance of other disposal       |      |
|      |     facilities or processes or O&M costs of other      |      |
|      |     activities associated with disposal facilities or  |      |
|      |     processes.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Long-term surveillance and maintenance of other    |      |
|      |     disposal facilities or processes or other          |      |
|      |     activities associated with disposal facilities or  |      |
|      |     processes.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **ORDNANCE AND EXPLOSIVES (OE) REMOVAL AND DESTRUCTION |      |
| 14** | (CWM is Included in Waste Management X.11 and          |      |
|      | Technologies X.21-X.31 and X34)**                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | (Chemical Warfare Materials (CWM) are included in      |      |
|      | Element X.11 and Element X.21-X.31, and X.34)          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### DEMOLITION FOR OE REMOVAL                         | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes preparing an area for        | ###  |
|      |     explosive demolition activities. Activities        |      |
|      |     include the using sandbags, using heavy equipment, | #    |
|      |     clearing brush, running electrical wire from a     | ###  |
|      |     safe area to the point where explosives operations | M^2^ |
|      |     will be conducted. Building a fence, posting       |      |
|      |     warning signs, or constructing a site to be used   |      |
|      |     for destroying unexploded ordnance (UXO)/munitions |      |
|      |     found during OE activities. See also Demolition    |      |
|      |     under Element X.05.04.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### BRUSH CLEARING WITH OE                            | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 02** | #### Phase 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | #### This element includes forming                     | ###  |
|      | work teams to remove brush for either surface or subsu |      |
|      | rface UXO activities. Members of the work teams will b | #    |
|      | e exposed to UXO. Teams will have at least one UXO qua | ###  |
|      | lified person to act as a safety observer. Use of saws | M^2^ |
|      | , axe, and other brush clearing equipment is required. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BLAST MATS**                                         | #### |
| .14. |                                                        | # EA |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes using blast mats to catch    |      |
|      |     rocks and other fragments. Commercial mats made of |      |
|      |     rubber and other materials are used to cover       |      |
|      |     explosives.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### BLAST SHIELDS                                     | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #### |
|      | -   This element includes using blast shields. These   | # EA |
|      |     shields are engineering controls designed to       |      |
|      |     protect personnel and the public from accidental   |      |
|      |     detonations of UXO. They are usually locally built |      |
|      |     from plans drawn up by the U. S. Army, Corps of    |      |
|      |     Engineers, Huntsville, Alabama Civil Structures    |      |
|      |     Branch. They are made of various materials         |      |
|      |     (usually aluminum).                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SURFACE SWEEP (VISUAL)**                             | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes using UXO teams, up to seven | 2^** |
|      |     people, that walk in a line formation and          |      |
|      |     investigate all surface items that are potential   |      |
|      |     UXO. Teams may be supplemented by non-UXO          |      |
|      |     personnel who have UXO safety training.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SURFACE SWEEP (MAGNETOMETER)**                       | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes using UXO Teams, of up to    | 2^** |
|      |     seven people, that, with magnetometers to aid the  |      |
|      |     search, walk in a line formation and investigate   |      |
|      |     all surface items that are potential UXO. This     |      |
|      |     activity usually occurs in forests where leaf and  |      |
|      |     brush cover impedes visual sweeps. Magnetometers   |      |
|      |     detect only ferrous metals. Non-UXO personnel who  |      |
|      |     have UXO safety training can supplement teams.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SURFACE SWEEP (MAG & FLAG)**                         | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This activity includes using magnetometers to      | 2^** |
|      |     conduct a surface sweep and flags to mark          |      |
|      |     anomalies detected during the sweep. Mag and Flag  |      |
|      |     on an OE project includes dividing the site into   |      |
|      |     grids, normally 200'x 200'. Teams of up to seven   |      |
|      |     people mark off five-foot lanes and use            |      |
|      |     magnetometers to locate all subsurface anomalies   |      |
|      |     in a grid. Each anomaly is marked with a pin flag  |      |
|      |     for future investigation.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **EXCAVATE BY HAND 0\' - 2\' DEPTH**                   | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element involves manual excavation activities | 3^** |
|      |     to a depth not to exceed two feet. Teams of up to  |      |
|      |     seven people use hand tools (i.e., shovels,        |      |
|      |     trowels, picks) to investigate subsurface          |      |
|      |     anomalies and determine if they are UXO. Surface   |      |
|      |     Sweep (Mag and Flag) and Excavation by hand can be |      |
|      |     combined if all team members are UXO qualified.    |      |
|      |     The effort is very tedious and dangerous since     |      |
|      |     current detection and location equipment give      |      |
|      |     inaccurate depth.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### EXCAVATE WITH HEAVY EQUIPMENT \> 2\' DEPTH        | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes excavation activities using  | 3^** |
|      |     heavy equipment in hard ground or at depths        |      |
|      |     exceeding 2 feet. Heavy equipment is allowed to    |      |
|      |     dig within 12 inches of an anomaly. Then hand      |      |
|      |     tools are used. The object is to safely determine  |      |
|      |     if the anomaly is a UXO.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SIFTING**                                            | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element involves sifting activities at sites  | 3^** |
|      |     where the area is saturated with small metal items |      |
|      |     and the UXO items in the investigating area are    |      |
|      |     safe to disturb. UXO teams may use a hand or       |      |
|      |     mechanical sifter to separate the soil and debris  |      |
|      |     from the UXO. UXO personnel stand at the sifter or |      |
|      |     at a conveyor and separate the UXO from the scrap  |      |
|      |     and debris. The sifter is sometimes used to        |      |
|      |     separate chunks of explosives from soil, and to    |      |
|      |     separate smaller materials from larger materials   |      |
|      |     by using a sieve. Smaller items will pass through  |      |
|      |     the sieve and larger items will be retained on the |      |
|      |     sieve.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL WARFARE MATERIAL (CWM)**         | **   |
| .14. |                                                        | EA** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the removal of CWM material. |      |
|      |     CWM is military munitions or containers filled     |      |
|      |     with chemical agents (e.g., Mustard Agent, VX, GB, |      |
|      |     Lewisite). UXO Teams are tasked to investigate     |      |
|      |     anomalies at suspect CWM sites and determine if    |      |
|      |     CWM items are present. If CWM items are found, the |      |
|      |     items are turned over to Technical Escort EOD      |      |
|      |     personnel and PMNSM for stabilization,             |      |
|      |     transportation, storage and disposal.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### OE ON-SITE DESTRUCTION                            | #    |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **   |
|      | -   This element involves OE on-site destruction. When | EA** |
|      |     UXO items are found during OE investigations, the  |      |
|      |     normal procedure is to destroy them in place. The  |      |
|      |     second choice is to transport them to another      |      |
|      |     location on the project site and destroy them.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BUNKERS (TEMPORARY)**                                | ##   |
| .14. |                                                        | # EA |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element involves the temporary storage of     |      |
|      |     explosives in bunkers. The correct term for an     |      |
|      |     explosive storage facility is **magazine** rather  |      |
|      |     than bunker. These bunkers are ATF approved        |      |
|      |     containers for temporary storage of explosives and |      |
|      |     UXO awaiting destruction.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (USE NUMBERS 90-99)**                          | ##   |
| .14. |                                                        | ###  |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | -   Costs for other activities associated with OE      | ###  |
|      |     removal and destruction.                           |      |
|      |                                                        | #### |
|      |                                                        | # EA |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **DRUMS/TANKS/STRUCTURES/MISCELLANEOUS                 |      |
| 15** | REMOVAL/ABATEMENT**                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DRUM REMOVAL**                                       | #### |
| .15. |                                                        | # EA |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes drum removal activities such |      |
|      |     as locating buried or submerged drums, excavating  |      |
|      |     buried drums by machine or hand, handling drums,   |      |
|      |     cleaning and decontaminating drums, and crushing   |      |
|      |     and shredding drums as necessary. This activity    |      |
|      |     excludes removing drum contents; see X.20.01 and   |      |
|      |     X.20.03 for content removal.                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TANK REMOVAL**                                       | #### |
| .15. |                                                        | # EA |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes tank removal activities such |      |
|      |     as locating buried or submerged tanks, excavating  |      |
|      |     buried tanks by machine or hand, cleaning and      |      |
|      |     decontaminating tanks, and cutting, demolishing    |      |
|      |     and crushing tanks. This activity excludes         |      |
|      |     removing tank contents; see X.20.01 and X.20.03    |      |
|      |     for content removal.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STRUCTURE REMOVAL**                                  | #    |
| .15. |                                                        | ###  |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes structure removal            | 2^** |
|      |     activities, such as removal of existing structures |      |
|      |     (e.g., buildings, pump stations, and out-fall      |      |
|      |     structures) after decontamination and demolition.  |      |
|      |     Use X.05.04 or X.14.01 for cost of demolition, and |      |
|      |     applicable technologies (X.21.xx to X.31.xx, and   |      |
|      |     X.34.xx) for cost of decontamination.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ASBESTOS ABATEMENT**                                 | #    |
| .15. |                                                        | ###  |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes asbestos abatement           | 2^** |
|      |     activities such as isolating work areas, removing  |      |
|      |     or encapsulating asbestos, cleaning up, packaging  |      |
|      |     waste for disposal, and conducting final           |      |
|      |     inspections. Also included are HEPA filtration     |      |
|      |     devices, vacuums, air-monitoring equipment, and    |      |
|      |     amended water.                                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### PIPING AND PIPELINE REMOVAL                        | #    |
| .15. |                                                        | ###  |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes piping/pipeline removal      | *M** |
|      |     activities such as locating buried or aboveground  |      |
|      |     piping; excavating buried piping by machine or     |      |
|      |     hand; cutting, demolishing, and handling pipe; and |      |
|      |     removing concrete pipe pits.                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WELL ABANDONMENT**                                   | #### |
| .15. |                                                        | # EA |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes well abandonment activities  | *EA/ |
|      |     such as properly sealing and abandoning wells to   | YR** |
|      |     eliminate physical hazards of the well and         |      |
|      |     contaminant migration pathway and to prevent       |      |
|      |     hydraulic head changes and the mixing of water     |      |
|      |     between aquifers. Boreholes must be clear of       |      |
|      |     obstruction prior to abandonment, obstacles must   |      |
|      |     be removed from the well, and the well must be     |      |
|      |     grouted prior to pulling the casing. Sealants,     |      |
|      |     used to provide a watertight barrier to            |      |
|      |     contaminant migration, consist of cement-based     |      |
|      |     grout, bentonite clay, or a combination of these   |      |
|      |     substances. In some cases, re-drilling may be      |      |
|      |     necessary to properly abandon the well.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes performing surveillance and  |      |
|      |     inspection of the abandoned well to ensure that    |      |
|      |     the seals, grouts, and other measures continue to  |      |
|      |     perform their intended purpose of preventing       |      |
|      |     contaminant migration.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | ##   |
| .15. |                                                        | ###  |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | -   Costs for performing other activities associated   | ###  |
|      |     with drums, tanks, structures, miscellaneous       |      |
|      |     removal or abatement.                              | #### |
|      |                                                        | # LS |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **AIR POLLUTION/GAS COLLECTION AND CONTROL**           | ##   |
| 16** |                                                        | ###  |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GAS/VAPOR COLLECTION TRENCH SYSTEM**                 | #    |
| .16. |                                                        | ###  |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing gas/vapor       | *M** |
|      |     collection trench systems, which are deep narrow   |      |
|      |     trenches backfilled with gravel, to form a path of | **M/ |
|      |     least resistance through which gases move upward   | YR** |
|      |     to a collection apparatus. Assemblies include      |      |
|      |     excavation, backfill, geotextile liners, well      | **M/ |
|      |     point dewatering, and a ventilation system for the | YR** |
|      |     site.                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as replacing parts and |      |
|      |     consumable materials, cleaning components, making  |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities for       |      |
|      |     proper and optimal operation of the gas/vapor      |      |
|      |     collection trench system.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        |      |
|      |     long-term surveillance, maintenance, and           |      |
|      |     monitoring activities needed to ensure compliance  |      |
|      |     with requirements.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GAS/VAPOR COLLECTION WELL SYSTEM**                   | #### |
| .16. |                                                        | # EA |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing gas/vapor       | *EA/ |
|      |     collection wells to permit the venting of          | YR** |
|      |     underground gases to a collection well system in   |      |
|      |     order to prevent migration or buildup. Collection  | *    |
|      |     and monitoring activities include drilling rig     | *EA/ |
|      |     setup, well drilling, handling of cuttings/water,  | YR** |
|      |     casing, casing removal, placing gravel pack        |      |
|      |     material, grouting, wet well and well              |      |
|      |     development/testing, well screening, capping, well |      |
|      |     house installation, well pump and instrumentation  |      |
|      |     installation, well piping, installing valves and   |      |
|      |     fittings, and electrical connections. Also         |      |
|      |     included are blowers and/or compressors, piping,   |      |
|      |     meters, and control systems. Gas treatment is not  |      |
|      |     included in the costs of this element. Gas/vapor   |      |
|      |     collection should not be confused with the soil    |      |
|      |     vapor extraction process listed under Soil Vapor   |      |
|      |     Extraction (X.25.17).                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as replacing parts and |      |
|      |     consumable materials, cleaning components, making  |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities for       |      |
|      |     proper and optimal operation of gas/vapor          |      |
|      |     collection well system.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all costs associated with    |      |
|      |     long-term surveillance, maintenance, and           |      |
|      |     monitoring activities needed to ensure compliance  |      |
|      |     with requirements.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GAS/VAPOR COLLECTION AT LAGOON COVER**               | #    |
| .16. |                                                        | ###  |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes the labor, material, and     | 2^** |
|      |     equipment used to construct the subsystem for      |      |
|      |     venting gases and vapors at lagoon covers to       | **M  |
|      |     prevent migration or buildup. Assemblies include   | ^2^/ |
|      |     collection hose, tanks, vacuum blower/compressor,  | YR** |
|      |     valves, boxes, and manholes.                       |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ^2^/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as replacing parts and |      |
|      |     consumable materials, cleaning components, making  |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities for       |      |
|      |     proper and optimal operation of gas/vapor          |      |
|      |     collection at lagoon covers.                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all costs associated with    |      |
|      |     long-term surveillance, maintenance, and           |      |
|      |     monitoring activities needed to ensure compliance  |      |
|      |     with requirements.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FUGITIVE DUST/VAPOR/GAS EMISSIONS CONTROL**          | #    |
| .16. |                                                        | ###  |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes installing fugitive          | 2^** |
|      |     dust/vapor/gas emissions control systems to        |      |
|      |     prevent the spread of airborne contaminants.       | **M  |
|      |     Assemblies include sprayed chemical dust           | ^2^/ |
|      |     suppressants, wind fences/screens, synthetic       | YR** |
|      |     covers over waste piles, and water spraying. See   |      |
|      |     also specific gas technologies under elements      | **M  |
|      |     X.21.xx to X.31.xx, and X.34.xx.                   | ^2^/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as replacing parts and |      |
|      |     consumable materials, cleaning components, making  |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities for       |      |
|      |     proper and optimal operation of fugitive/vapor/gas |      |
|      |     emission control system.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all costs associated with    |      |
|      |     long- term surveillance, maintenance, and          |      |
|      |     monitoring activities needed to ensure compliance  |      |
|      |     with various requirements.                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .16. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other devices or elements     | ^2^/ |
|      |     associated with air pollution or gas collection    | YR** |
|      |     and control.                                       |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ^2^/ |
|      |                                                        | YR** |
|      | -   Operations and maintenance of other devices or     |      |
|      |     elements associated with air pollution or gas      |      |
|      |     collection and control.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Long-term surveillance, maintenance, and           |      |
|      |     monitoring of other devices or elements associated |      |
|      |     with air pollution or gas collection and control.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **SURFACE WATER/SEDIMENTS CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION OR   |      |
| 17** | CONTROL**                                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### DREDGING/EXCAVATING                                | ###  |
| .17. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 3^** |
|      | -   This element includes dredging and excavating      |      |
|      |     activities. Dredging is the removal of sediment    | **M^ |
|      |     and sludge with overlying water. Dredging may be   | 3^** |
|      |     used to remove sediments in contaminated settling  |      |
|      |     basins, lagoons, and retention ponds. Dredging     |      |
|      |     includes hydraulic, mechanical, and pneumatic      |      |
|      |     dredges using cutterheads, bucket dredges, wheel   |      |
|      |     dredges, and suction dredging. Excavating is the   |      |
|      |     removal of soils, solids, or contaminated          |      |
|      |     materials from the ground. Dredging/excavating     |      |
|      |     during Phase 4 is for purposes of first-time       |      |
|      |     construction or action. Maintenance and operation  |      |
|      |     of the dredging or excavating equipment is         |      |
|      |     considered part of the dredging or excavating      |      |
|      |     cost. This cost will be included in the price a    |      |
|      |     contractor bids. See also Excavation and Earthwork |      |
|      |     under X.05.05.                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes dredging and excavating to   |      |
|      |     maintain the system for ongoing operations. For    |      |
|      |     example, this includes dredging or excavating      |      |
|      |     sediments or deposits in a weir, plume, or         |      |
|      |     channel.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BERMS**                                              | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing berms, which    | YR** |
|      |     are earthen structures to control contaminated     |      |
|      |     surface water by diverting its flow. The primary   |      |
|      |     purpose of berms is to divert surface runoff that  |      |
|      |     has entered a contaminated area and must be        |      |
|      |     collected. Activities include excavating and       |      |
|      |     backfilling, hauling, pumping to dry the site, and |      |
|      |     placing drainage facing materials.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspection, replacement of materials, clearing  |      |
|      |     of area, making repairs, and other activities to   |      |
|      |     ensure structural stability of the berm.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FLOODWALLS**                                         | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes the construction of          | ^2^/ |
|      |     floodwalls. Floodwalls are structures used to      | YR** |
|      |     protect land from flooding and inundation.         |      |
|      |     Activities include excavation and backfill,        |      |
|      |     hauling, pumping to dry the site, concrete         |      |
|      |     placement or construction of other structures,     |      |
|      |     etc.                                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure structural stability of |      |
|      |     the floodwalls.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LEVEES/DAMS/DIKE**                                   | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This activity includes constructing levees, dams,  | ^3^/ |
|      |     and dikes used to prevent a body of contaminated   | YR** |
|      |     water from overflowing. Activities include         |      |
|      |     excavation and backfill, hauling, drainage facing  |      |
|      |     materials, pumping to dry the site and other       |      |
|      |     activities required for constructing the           |      |
|      |     structures.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspection, replacement of materials, clearing  |      |
|      |     of area, making repairs, and other activities to   |      |
|      |     ensure structural stability of the                 |      |
|      |     levees/dams/dike.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TERRACES AND BENCHES**                               | *    |
| .17. |                                                        | *M** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This activity includes constructing terraces and   | YR** |
|      |     benches for controlling contaminated surface water |      |
|      |     runoff by intercepting the flow of water before it |      |
|      |     causes erosion. Activities include site            |      |
|      |     preparation, excavation and backfill, hauling,     |      |
|      |     soil stabilization, pumping to dry the site,       |      |
|      |     geotechnical testing, and placing drainage facing  |      |
|      |     materials.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure structural stability of |      |
|      |     the terraces and benches.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHANNELS/WATERWAYS/DITCHES**                         | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a pathway for   | YR** |
|      |     moving and directing water, liquids, or other      |      |
|      |     contaminated fluids. Construction activities       |      |
|      |     include excavating, pumping to dry the site,       |      |
|      |     pouring concrete, filling, doing form work, and    |      |
|      |     laying riprap.                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the                   |      |
|      |     channels/waterways/ditches.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHUTES OR FLUMES**                                   | *    |
| .17. |                                                        | *M** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing chutes and      | YR** |
|      |     flumes. Chutes and flumes are natural or man-made  |      |
|      |     channels that divert contaminated water away from  |      |
|      |     a given area. Activities include grading, building |      |
|      |     earthwork, pouring concrete, doing formwork,       |      |
|      |     reinforcing steel, and laying riprap.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the chutes and        |      |
|      |     flumes.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SEDIMENT BARRIERS**                                  | *    |
| .17. |                                                        | *M** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing sediment        | YR** |
|      |     barriers to control the amount of sediments that   |      |
|      |     are suspended and transported by the flow of       |      |
|      |     contaminated surface water. Activities include     |      |
|      |     silt fencing, installing straw bales, pumping, and |      |
|      |     excavating/grading temporary sediment basins.      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing areas, making repairs, and performing     |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the sediments         |      |
|      |     barriers.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STORM DRAINAGE (See X.05.28 for Storm Sewer)**       | *    |
| .17. |                                                        | *M** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes piping, junction boxes,      | YR** |
|      |     manholes, inlets, invert construction, grates,     |      |
|      |     covers, headwalls, riprap, excavation, and         |      |
|      |     backfill for storm water drainage in contaminated  |      |
|      |     areas.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting areas, replacing materials, clearing |      |
|      |     the area, making repairs, and performing other     |      |
|      |     activities to maintain the storm drains.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LAGOONS/BASINS/TANKS**                               | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing                 | ^2^/ |
|      |     lagoons/basins/tanks (Also see Element X.13.08)    | YR** |
|      |     for storing liquid wastes. Activities include the  |      |
|      |     constructing earth structures, liners, spillways,  |      |
|      |     intake/outlet structures, underground tanks,       |      |
|      |     aboveground tanks, concrete retention basins, and  |      |
|      |     overtopping alarm systems. The element also        |      |
|      |     includes excavation and earthwork, placing riprap, |      |
|      |     construction of pumping stations and controls,     |      |
|      |     lift stations and controls, manholes, piping and   |      |
|      |     fittings, hosing, and holding tanks.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the                   |      |
|      |     lagoons/basins/tanks.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PUMPING/DRAINING/COLLECTION**                        | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes construction work associated | 3^** |
|      |     with pumping or draining aboveground or            |      |
|      |     underground tanks and basins, and other liquids.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes removing liquid and sludge   |      |
|      |     as part of operation and maintenance activities.   |      |
|      |     Such activities will occur as there are leaks and  |      |
|      |     infiltration into structures that requires the     |      |
|      |     removal of the waste. The element also includes    |      |
|      |     inspecting of area, replacing materials, clearing  |      |
|      |     of area, making repairs, and other activities to   |      |
|      |     maintain the pumps, drains and collection system   |      |
|      |     during the removal process.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **EROSION CONTROL**                                    | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes establishing turf and        | ^2^/ |
|      |     planting of trees, shrubs, and ground covers for   | YR** |
|      |     erosion control.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspection, replacement of materials, clearing  |      |
|      |     of area, making repairs, and performing other      |      |
|      |     activities to ensure proper erosion control. This  |      |
|      |     element also includes mowing of established turf.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **AQUATIC BARRIER**                                    | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing or installing   | ^2^/ |
|      |     an aquatic barrier system, an impassable barrier   | YR** |
|      |     and/or fish guidance system within a stream        |      |
|      |     channel or waterway to restrict fish from entering |      |
|      |     and/or exiting the system or to guide fish to more |      |
|      |     appropriate areas within the aquatic system. The   |      |
|      |     system may be a physical structure; a mechanical,  |      |
|      |     sonic, or electrical field; or a strobe-stimulated |      |
|      |     or pressure-induced system that may be permanently |      |
|      |     deployed within the stream system or activated to  |      |
|      |     correspond to critical fish movements or           |      |
|      |     migrations.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities that ensure proper functioning of |      |
|      |     the aquatic barrier system.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SEDIMENT CAPPING**                                   | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a sediment cap  | ^2^/ |
|      |     to contain contaminated soil and solids.           | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing materials,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure proper functioning of   |      |
|      |     the sediment cap.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .17. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Constructing or installing other devices or        | ^2^/ |
|      |     elements associated with surface water and         | YR** |
|      |     sediments containment, collection and control.     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform maintenance activities such as area        |      |
|      |     inspection, replacing materials, clearing of area, |      |
|      |     and making repairs on other surface water and      |      |
|      |     sediments containment, collection and control      |      |
|      |     devices or elements.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **GROUNDWATER CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION, OR CONTROL**    |      |
| 18** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### EXTRACTION WELLS                                   | ###  |
| .18. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing extraction      | ##   |
|      |     wells, typically used for pumping groundwater.     | # EA |
|      |     Extraction well construction activities include    |      |
|      |     setting up the drilling, drilling the well,        | #    |
|      |     handling cuttings/water, casing, removing casing,  | ## E |
|      |     installing gravel pack material, grouting,         | A/YR |
|      |     installing wet well, developing/testing the well,  |      |
|      |     installing well screens, capping, constructing the | #    |
|      |     well house, and installing the well pump and       | ## E |
|      |     instrumentation, well piping, valves, fittings,    | A/YR |
|      |     electrical and other components.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the site, replacing components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure proper functioning of   |      |
|      |     extraction wells.                                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs of long- term          |      |
|      |     surveillance, maintenance, and monitoring          |      |
|      |     activities associated with abandoned extraction    |      |
|      |     wells to ensure there are no contaminant pathways  |      |
|      |     or leakage of contaminants.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INJECTION WELLS**                                    | **   |
| .18. |                                                        | EA** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing injection wells | *EA/ |
|      |     for injecting liquid wastes deep underground       | YR** |
|      |     between geologically impermeable layers, usually   |      |
|      |     of clay or shale, to contain or remove the         | ###  |
|      |     contaminant plume, to direct contaminants to the   | ## E |
|      |     extraction wells, or to lower the water table to   | A/YR |
|      |     prevent it from intercepting buried hazardous,     |      |
|      |     toxic, and radioactive contaminants. Injection     |      |
|      |     well installation activities include drilling rig  |      |
|      |     set up, well drilling, well construction, handling |      |
|      |     of cuttings/water, casing, casing removal, gravel  |      |
|      |     pack material, grout, wet well, well               |      |
|      |     developing/testing, well screen, capping, well     |      |
|      |     house, well pump and instrumentation, well piping, |      |
|      |     valves, fittings, electrical, and other            |      |
|      |     components. Also see X.13.15 and X.13.19.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes well operation and           |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspection,         |      |
|      |     replacement of components, clearing of area,       |      |
|      |     making repairs, and other activities ensure proper |      |
|      |     functioning of injection wells. Also see X.13.19   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 6                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs of long-term           |      |
|      |     surveillance, maintenance, and monitoring          |      |
|      |     activities associated with injection wells to      |      |
|      |     ensure there are no contaminant pathways or        |      |
|      |     leakage of contaminants.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE/COLLECTION/FRENCH DRAINS**       | *    |
| .18. |                                                        | *M** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing subsurface      | YR** |
|      |     drainage collection systems and associated         |      |
|      |     facilities. Assemblies include trench excavation   |      |
|      |     and shoring, geotextile fabrics, liners, manholes, |      |
|      |     pumping, piping and fittings, hosing, and holding  |      |
|      |     tanks.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure proper functioning of   |      |
|      |     subsurface drainage and collection system.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SLURRY WALLS**                                       | **M^ |
| .18. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing slurry walls,   | ^2^/ |
|      |     trenches, typically 24-36 inches thick, excavated  | YR** |
|      |     through pervious materials to a relatively         |      |
|      |     impervious underlying stratum and backfilled with  |      |
|      |     a soil/bentonite or cement/bentonite slurry        |      |
|      |     mixture. Slurry walls provide a vertical barrier   |      |
|      |     to reduce the horizontal permeability of soil.     |      |
|      |     Slurry wall construction includes excavation,      |      |
|      |     bentonite slurry makeup, and backfill/slurry       |      |
|      |     displacement. The operation of batch plant         |      |
|      |     equipment such as storage tanks, ponds, grout      |      |
|      |     plants, circulation pumps and batch mixers are     |      |
|      |     also included.                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting areas, replacing materials, making   |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to ensure |      |
|      |     stability of the slurry wall.                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GROUT CURTAIN**                                      | **M^ |
| .18. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing grout curtains, | ^2^/ |
|      |     an impenetrable barrier placed to prevent further  | YR** |
|      |     contaminant migration by drilling into pervious    |      |
|      |     rock formations at spaced intervals and injecting  |      |
|      |     cement-based grouts under pressure. Grout curtain  |      |
|      |     items include drilling rig, grout materials,       |      |
|      |     on-site batch plants, grout pumps, and grout       |      |
|      |     injection monitors.                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting and clearing the area, replacing     |      |
|      |     materials, making repairs, and performing other    |      |
|      |     activities to ensure the stability of the grout    |      |
|      |     curtain.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SHEET PILING**                                       | **M^ |
| .18. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing sheet piling as   | ^2^/ |
|      |     an impervious barrier to contaminant migration     | YR** |
|      |     once it is driven to an impervious underlying      |      |
|      |     stratum. This element includes all materials,      |      |
|      |     labor, and equipment to drive sheet piling and     |      |
|      |     pull/salvage, if required.                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure the proper functioning  |      |
|      |     of the sheet piling.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .18. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other devices or elements     | ^2^/ |
|      |     associated with ground water containment,          | YR** |
|      |     collection, and control.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform maintenance activities such as inspecting  |      |
|      |     the area, replacing materials, clearing the area,  |      |
|      |     and making repairs on other ground water           |      |
|      |     containment, collection and control devices or     |      |
|      |     elements.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **SOLIDS/SOILS CONTAINMENT (e.g. CAPPING/BARRIER)      |      |
| 19** | COLLECTION OR CONTROL**                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONTAMINATED SOIL COLLECTION (EXCAVATION)**          | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes removing soil contaminated   | ^3^/ |
|      |     by hazardous, toxic, or radioactive contaminants.  | YR** |
|      |     The cost of purchasing, hauling, loading, placing, |      |
|      |     and compacting clean fill also is captured with    |      |
|      |     this element. Collection equipment includes        |      |
|      |     excavator, front-end loader, backhoe, gradall,     |      |
|      |     clamshell, dragline, and other mechanical means.   |      |
|      |     Cost of revegetation is captured under X.05 Site   |      |
|      |     Work and is not included in this element.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspecting contaminated soil |      |
|      |     to ensure it complies with Federal, state, and     |      |
|      |     local rules and regulations.                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WASTE CONTAINMENT, PORTABLE (FURNISH/FILL)**         | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes waste containment activities | ^3^/ |
|      |     such as the procuring containers and the labor to  | YR** |
|      |     fill them with liquid, sludges, or solid           |      |
|      |     hazardous, toxic, and radioactive contaminants.    |      |
|      |     Examples of containers are open-top sludge         |      |
|      |     containers, closed-top sludge containers, roll-off |      |
|      |     containers, open-head drums, spill containment     |      |
|      |     vessels, spill containment pallets, storage tanks, |      |
|      |     drum liners, over packs, and lab packs.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, clearing the area, and     |      |
|      |     performing other activities to ensure wastes are   |      |
|      |     not exposed to the environment and that the        |      |
|      |     integrity of containers is maintained.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **UPPER VEGETATIVE (TOPSOIL) LAYER**                   | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing an upper          | ^2^/ |
|      |     vegetative layer at the top of a cap. This element | YR** |
|      |     includes soil cover or topsoil placed to support   |      |
|      |     vegetation and plant life. Upper vegetative layers |      |
|      |     are usually placed to reduce erosion and to        |      |
|      |     protect the bottom layers. See also X.05.02,       |      |
|      |     Cleanup/Landscaping/Revegetation.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5 and 6                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the area, replacing components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, mowing, reseeding, making       |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to ensure |      |
|      |     the integrity of the upper vegetative layer is     |      |
|      |     maintained.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### RCRA C Cap                                     | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing a RCRA Subtitle C | ^2^/ |
|      |     cap for use in RCRA hazardous waste applications.  | YR** |
|      |     These caps generally consist of a 2-foot thick     |      |
|      |     upper vegetative layer, a 12-inch drainage layer   |      |
|      |     of sand, and a low-permeability layer comprising a |      |
|      |     synthetic liner over 2 feet of compacted clay. Gas |      |
|      |     vent layers allow trapped gas to be collected and  |      |
|      |     treated. A 12-inch thick layer of native soil or   |      |
|      |     sand acts as a foundation for the cap. The         |      |
|      |     compacted clay liners are effective if they retain |      |
|      |     a certain moisture content but are susceptible to  |      |
|      |     cracking if the clay material is desiccated. As a  |      |
|      |     result, alternate cap designs are usually          |      |
|      |     considered for arid environments.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the cap, replacing components,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure the integrity of the    |      |
|      |     cap is maintained.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## RCRA D Cap                                          | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing a RCRA Subtitle D | ^2^/ |
|      |     cap consisting of a 6-inch upper vegetative layer, | YR** |
|      |     and an 18-inch thick layer of earthen material     |      |
|      |     with permeability coefficient of 1x 10^-5^ cm/sec  |      |
|      |     or lower. RCRA D landfills are for non-hazardous   |      |
|      |     solids.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the cap, replacing components,       |      |
|      |     clearing the area, mowing, reseeding, making       |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to ensure |      |
|      |     the integrity of the cap is maintained.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## ASPHALT/CONCRETE LAYER                              | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an asphalt or   | ^2^/ |
|      |     concrete barrier to provide a contact and          | YR** |
|      |     infiltration barrier between the landfill and the  |      |
|      |     aboveground environment.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the barrier, replacing materials,    |      |
|      |     repairing caps, clearing the area, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure the integrity of the    |      |
|      |     barrier.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LANDFILL CAP ENHANCEMENT**                           | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes making enhancements to the   | ^2^/ |
|      |     landfill to reduce or eliminate contaminant        | YR** |
|      |     migration. Water harvesting and vegetative covers  |      |
|      |     (X.19.03) are two types of landfill cover          |      |
|      |     enhancements. Water harvesting uses runoff         |      |
|      |     enhancement to manage landfill site water balance. |      |
|      |     This can be achieved with metal rain gutter placed |      |
|      |     parallel to the slope. The percentage of runoff    |      |
|      |     increases when gutter coverage increases. However, |      |
|      |     too much coverage (40%) has little effect on       |      |
|      |     runoff enhancement.                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting and repairing enhancements,          |      |
|      |     replacing material, clearing the area, and         |      |
|      |     performing other activities to ensure the          |      |
|      |     integrity of the enhancements.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENGINEERED BARRIER**                                 | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a single or a   | ^2^/ |
|      |     multilayer barrier to prevent infiltration of      | YR** |
|      |     water into a contaminated area or a landfill.      |      |
|      |     Barrier materials, placed beneath the contaminated |      |
|      |     material can consist of geomembranes, geotextiles, |      |
|      |     soil, clay, and rocks. Critical components include |      |
|      |     barrier layers and drainage layers to collect the  |      |
|      |     leachate in case of a barrier leakage.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the barrier, replacing components,   |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to ensure the integrity of the    |      |
|      |     barrier.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .19. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other devices or elements     | ^2^/ |
|      |     associated with solid/soils containment,           | YR** |
|      |     collection, and control.                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform maintenance such as inspection,            |      |
|      |     replacement of materials, clearing of area, and    |      |
|      |     making repairs on other solids/soil containment,   |      |
|      |     collection and control devices or elements.        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **LIQUIDS WASTE/SLUDGES (e.g., UST/AST) CONTAINMENT,   |      |
| 20** | COLLECTION, OR COLLECTION**                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INDUSTRIAL VACUUMING**                               | **M^ |
| .20. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing/installing      | 3^** |
|      |     industrial vacuuming units for removing wastes     |      |
|      |     contained in tanks, containers, surface            |      |
|      |     impoundment, or process vessels by pumping or      |      |
|      |     pneumatic conveyance. Also see X.17.11 and         |      |
|      |     X.20.03.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes removing wastes resulting    |      |
|      |     from ongoing activities, leaks, or infiltration;   |      |
|      |     operating the unit; repairing the unit; and        |      |
|      |     replacing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RADIOACTIVE SPECIFIC WASTE CONTAINMENT**             | **M^ |
| .20. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4 and 5                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes containing radioactive       | 3^** |
|      |     specific waste including procuring fill containers |      |
|      |     and the labor to fill them with low-level and      |      |
|      |     high-level radioactive liquid waste. Examples of   |      |
|      |     containers are Low Specific Activity (LSA) waste   |      |
|      |     containers, LSA drum over packs, LSA laundry       |      |
|      |     containers, strong-tight containers, Type A        |      |
|      |     containers, Type B shipping containers,            |      |
|      |     lead-shielded containers, reusable containers, and |      |
|      |     special use containers.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the containers, clearing the area,   |      |
|      |     and performing other activities to ensure wastes   |      |
|      |     are not exposed to the environment and that the    |      |
|      |     integrity of the containers is maintained.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PUMPING/DRAINING/COLLECTION**                        | **M^ |
| .20. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing/installing      | 3^** |
|      |     pumping/drainage/collection systems associated     |      |
|      |     with removing liquid wastes from drums, tanks, and |      |
|      |     basins.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes pumping/drainage/collection  |      |
|      |     of liquid as part of operations and maintenance    |      |
|      |     activities such as when leaks occur or liquids     |      |
|      |     infiltrate. Activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, replacing components, clearing areas, making |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to        |      |
|      |     maintain the pumps, drains, and collection system  |      |
|      |     are also included.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .20. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   Construct or install other devices or elements     | 3^** |
|      |     associated with liquid waste/sludge collection and |      |
|      |     containment.                                       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform maintenance activities such as inspecting  |      |
|      |     the devices or elements, replacing components,     |      |
|      |     clearing the area, and making repairs on other     |      |
|      |     liquid waste/sludge collection and containment     |      |
|      |     devices or elements.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **IN-SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT**                       |      |
| 21** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BIOLOGICAL BARRIER**                                 | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing a biological      | ^2^/ |
|      |     barrier across the flow path of a contaminant      | YR** |
|      |     plume, allowing the water portion of the plume to  |      |
|      |     move through the barrier and contaminants to be    |      |
|      |     captured on sorbent material. The sorbent barrier  |      |
|      |     consists of materials that retard the movement of  |      |
|      |     organic materials and microbes that biodegrade the |      |
|      |     sorbed organic while prohibiting the movement of   |      |
|      |     biologically degradable contaminants. The barrier  |      |
|      |     volume provides localized control of in situ       |      |
|      |     environment, such as nutrients, co-substrates, or  |      |
|      |     electron donors or acceptors, to optimize          |      |
|      |     biodegradation.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintenance activities such  |      |
|      |     as inspecting the barrier, replacing nutrients or  |      |
|      |     chemical, clearing the area, and performing other  |      |
|      |     activities to maintain the biological barrier      |      |
|      |     system.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                             |      |
| .21. |                                                        |      |
| 02** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BIOVENTING**                                         | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes aerating subsurface soils,   | ^3^/ |
|      |     using injected air as the oxygen source, to        | YR** |
|      |     stimulate in-situ biological activity and promote  |      |
|      |     biodegredation of compounds amenable to            |      |
|      |     biodegredation under aerobic conditions. In        |      |
|      |     contrast to soil vapor extraction, bioventing is   |      |
|      |     designed to maximize in-situ biodegredation,       |      |
|      |     rather then volatilization of amenable compounds.  |      |
|      |     Thus, bioventing systems usually operate at much   |      |
|      |     lower per-well airflow rates than soil vapor       |      |
|      |     extraction systems. This element includes the cost |      |
|      |     of drilling wells and the equipment required for   |      |
|      |     bioventing including well casing, manifold piping, |      |
|      |     and blower(s). These activities can also use       |      |
|      |     Extraction Wells (X.18.01) and Injection Wells     |      |
|      |     (X.18.02.) for drilling and well development       |      |
|      |     costs.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     bioventing system, replacing materials and parts,  |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the pumps and system. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMETABOLIC TREATMENT**                              | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using cometabolic treatment, | ^3^/ |
|      |     an emerging application involving the injection of | YR** |
|      |     water containing dissolved primary substrate       |      |
|      |     (e.g., methane, toluene) and oxygen into           |      |
|      |     groundwater to support the cometabolic breakdown   |      |
|      |     of targeted organic contaminants. Co-metabolism is |      |
|      |     one form of secondary substrate transformation in  |      |
|      |     which enzymes produced for primary substrate       |      |
|      |     oxidation are capable of fortuitously degrading    |      |
|      |     the secondary substrate even though the secondary  |      |
|      |     substrates do not afford sufficient energy to      |      |
|      |     sustain the microbial population. The addition of  |      |
|      |     methane or methanol supports methanotrophic        |      |
|      |     activity, which has been demonstrated effective to |      |
|      |     degrade chlorinated solvents, such as vinyl        |      |
|      |     chloride and TCE, by cometabolism. Although        |      |
|      |     toluene, propane and butane are used to stimulate  |      |
|      |     a different class of microorganisms, not           |      |
|      |     methanotrophs, they have been used successfully    |      |
|      |     for supporting cometabolism of TCE. This element   |      |
|      |     does not include drilling cost or well-development |      |
|      |     costs. If necessary, use Extraction Wells          |      |
|      |     (X.18.01) and Injection Wells (X.18.02.) for       |      |
|      |     drilling and well development costs.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, replacing nutrients, replacing components,   |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the system.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CONSTRUCTED WET LANDS**                              | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using natural geochemical    | ^2^/ |
|      |     and biological processes inherent in an artificial | YR** |
|      |     wetland ecosystem to accumulate and remove metals, |      |
|      |     explosives, and other contaminants from influent   |      |
|      |     waters. The process can be a filtration or         |      |
|      |     degradation. Although this technology incorporates |      |
|      |     principal components of wetland ecosystems,        |      |
|      |     including organic soils, microbial fauna, algae,   |      |
|      |     and vascular plants, microbial activity is         |      |
|      |     responsible for most of the remediation. This      |      |
|      |     element includes excavating to construct the       |      |
|      |     wetland, planting wetland flora, incorporating     |      |
|      |     organic soil and microbial fauna, and performing   |      |
|      |     other activities essential for wetland             |      |
|      |     construction.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspection and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the site.                                       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION**                            | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using indigenous or          | ^3^/ |
|      |     inoculated microorganisms (i.e., fungi, bacteria,  | YR** |
|      |     and other microbes) to degrade (metabolize)        |      |
|      |     organic contaminants found in soil and/or          |      |
|      |     groundwater. Enhanced bioremediation accelerates   |      |
|      |     the rate of bioremediation by increasing the       |      |
|      |     concentrations of electron acceptors, nutrients,   |      |
|      |     or limiting inorganics in groundwater, surface     |      |
|      |     water, leachate, soil, and other media. If         |      |
|      |     necessary, use Extraction Wells (X.18.01) and      |      |
|      |     Injection Wells (X.18.02.) for drilling and        |      |
|      |     well-development costs.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, replacing nutrients and chemicals, clearing  |      |
|      |     the area, making repairs, and performing other     |      |
|      |     activities to maintain the pumps to enhance        |      |
|      |     bioremediation.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LAND TREATMENT**                                     | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes the systematic treatment of  | ^2^/ |
|      |     land involving the dynamic interaction of waste,   | YR** |
|      |     soil, and biological activity to degrade,          |      |
|      |     transform, and immobilize waste constituents. Land |      |
|      |     treatment is a bioremediation technology in which  |      |
|      |     contaminated soils, sediments, or sludge are       |      |
|      |     turned over (i.e., tilled) to aerate, and allowed  |      |
|      |     to interact with the soil and climate at the site. |      |
|      |     Tilling also allows for mixing of nutrients,       |      |
|      |     waste, and microorganisms, which enhance the       |      |
|      |     biological activity.                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the inspection and           |      |
|      |     maintenance of the area under land treatment.      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **NATURAL ATTENUATION**                                | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phases 4 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes using natural processes such |      |
|      |     as dilution, dispersion, volatilization,           |      |
|      |     biodegradation, adsorption, and chemical reactions |      |
|      |     with soil materials, that allow for reduction of   |      |
|      |     contaminant concentrations to acceptable levels.   |      |
|      |     Consideration of this option requires modeling and |      |
|      |     evaluation of contaminant degradation rates and    |      |
|      |     pathways. The primary objective of site modeling   |      |
|      |     is to demonstrate that natural processes of        |      |
|      |     contaminant degradation will reduce contaminant    |      |
|      |     concentrations below regulatory standards before   |      |
|      |     potential exposure pathways are completed. In      |      |
|      |     addition, Sampling and sample analysis must be     |      |
|      |     conducted throughout the process to confirm that   |      |
|      |     degradation is proceeding at rates consistent with |      |
|      |     meeting cleanup objectives. Note: Natural          |      |
|      |     attenuation is not the same as \"no action.\" In   |      |
|      |     all cases, extensive site characterization is      |      |
|      |     required. Use X.07, X.08, and X.09 for             |      |
|      |     characterization and sampling efforts.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PHYTOREMEDIATION**                                   | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using phytoremediation, a    | ^2^/ |
|      |     process that uses plants to remove, transfer,      | YR** |
|      |     stabilize, and destroy organic/inorganic           |      |
|      |     contamination in soil, sediments, groundwater,     |      |
|      |     surface water, and leachate. There are several     |      |
|      |     ways plants can be used for the phytoremediation.  |      |
|      |     These mechanisms include enhanced rhizosphere      |      |
|      |     biodegradation, hydraulic control,                 |      |
|      |     phyto-degradation and phyto-volatilization. This   |      |
|      |     element includes the cost of purchasing plants,    |      |
|      |     planting, adding nutrients or chemicals, and other |      |
|      |     essential costs.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes inspecting and maintaining   |      |
|      |     the site and providing moisture and food to        |      |
|      |     plants.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BAROBALL**                                           | EA   |
| .21. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                | *    |
|      |                                                        | *EA/ |
|      | -   This element includes installing a Baroball to     | YR** |
|      |     enhance barometric pumping to remove volatile      |      |
|      |     organic compounds from the soil by taking          |      |
|      |     advantage of changes in barometric pressure above  |      |
|      |     and below ground. When the subsurface pressure is  |      |
|      |     higher, contaminants naturally move upward where   |      |
|      |     they can be treated/released. The Baroball         |      |
|      |     significantly increases the effectiveness of       |      |
|      |     barometric pumping by preventing the inflow of air |      |
|      |     into a venting well when atmospheric pressures     |      |
|      |     reverse, a condition that can reduce contaminant   |      |
|      |     removal by diluting and disbursing the pollutant.  |      |
|      |     Its design consists of a simple plastic sphere     |      |
|      |     that seals the well from incoming surface air.     |      |
|      |     Baroballs utilize a CPT truck for well             |      |
|      |     installation.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating and inspecting the |      |
|      |     Baroball system and maintaining the system to      |      |
|      |     ensure proper operation.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .21. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other in-situ biological      | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment systems.                                 | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as equipment           |      |
|      |     operations, inspecting the system, replacing       |      |
|      |     materials, clearing the area, and making repairs   |      |
|      |     on other in-situ biological treatment.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **EX-SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT**                       |      |
| 22** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ACTIVATED SLUDGE**                                   | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using activated sludges - sludges that contain     | YR** |
|      |     living organisms that are agitated and aerated to  |      |
|      |     promote biological growth - to treat wastewater    |      |
|      |     containing biodegradable organic compounds. Note:  |      |
|      |     All activated sludge systems are not sequencing    |      |
|      |     batch reactors. Sequencing batch reactors are one  |      |
|      |     of about a dozen variations of activated sludge    |      |
|      |     treatment and do not necessarily have to be        |      |
|      |     aerated. Activated sludge assemblies include       |      |
|      |     reactors, aerators, aerobic bacteria (maintained   |      |
|      |     in suspension), settling tanks, and recycling      |      |
|      |     lines for the settled biomass. Costs do not        |      |
|      |     include pumping contaminated water to the          |      |
|      |     treatment plant.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     activated sludge reactors, replacing components,   |      |
|      |     cleaning areas, making repairs, and performing     |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the reactor.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                             | ###  |
| .22. |                                                        |      |
| 02** |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BIOPILES (BIOHEAPS, BIOMOUND)**                      | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element involves using biopile processes.     | ^3^/ |
|      |     Biopile treatment/composting is a controlled       | YR** |
|      |     biological process for converting contaminants to  |      |
|      |     low toxicity byproducts. In most cases, indigenous |      |
|      |     microorganisms achieve degradation. The composting |      |
|      |     system is designed to provide optimum temperature, |      |
|      |     moisture content, aeration, and nutrient           |      |
|      |     conditions to promote rapid biodegradation. The    |      |
|      |     compost system is typically operated so that       |      |
|      |     material temperature rises to 40ºC-55ºC            |      |
|      |     (105ºF-130ºF.) due to heat released by             |      |
|      |     biodegradation. Bulking agents may be required if  |      |
|      |     the soil porosity is low or recalcitrant           |      |
|      |     contaminants are being treated. Composting can be  |      |
|      |     performed using windrows, aerated static piles     |      |
|      |     (biopiles), or specially designed machines. This   |      |
|      |     element includes aerator or mixers, conveyer or    |      |
|      |     transport equipment, chemicals, leachate           |      |
|      |     collection and control, reactor, and other items   |      |
|      |     needed to use biopile treatment/composting to      |      |
|      |     convert contaminants to low-toxicity byproducts.   |      |
|      |     If housing is necessary, use X.11.xx.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     biopile, replacing materials or nutrients,         |      |
|      |     clearing the area, and performing other activities |      |
|      |     to maintain the biopile.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMETABOLIC TREATMENT**                              | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     implementing cometabolism, a form of secondary     | YR** |
|      |     substrate transformation in which enzymes produced |      |
|      |     for primary substrate oxidation are capable of     |      |
|      |     fortuitously degrading the secondary substrate     |      |
|      |     even though the secondary substrates do not afford |      |
|      |     sufficient energy to sustain the microbial         |      |
|      |     population.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, replacing nutrients, clearing the area, and  |      |
|      |     performing other activities to enhance cometabolic |      |
|      |     treatment.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISM                | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     treating contaminants with microorganisms that     | YR** |
|      |     have undergone external processes by which its     |      |
|      |     basic set of genes has been altered. The           |      |
|      |     utilization of genetically engineered organisms    |      |
|      |     involves the controlled use of these specially     |      |
|      |     cultivated organisms to treat contaminants.        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment facility, replacing organisms, clearing  |      |
|      |     the area, and performing other activities to       |      |
|      |     enhance microbiological activities.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### LAND FARMING                                   | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     land farming, an ex-situ soil treatment technology | YR** |
|      |     that uses agricultural practices to promote        |      |
|      |     biodegradation of organic contaminants. Waste      |      |
|      |     containing low concentrations of organic           |      |
|      |     contaminants is spread over a large area and       |      |
|      |     allowed to interact with the soil and climate at   |      |
|      |     the site. The waste, soil, climate, and biological |      |
|      |     agents interact dynamically as a system to         |      |
|      |     degrade, transform, and immobilize waste           |      |
|      |     constituents.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting land     |      |
|      |     farms, clearing areas, making repairs, and         |      |
|      |     performing other activities to maintain the land   |      |
|      |     farm.                                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS**                     | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using rotating biological contractors, slowly      | YR** |
|      |     rotating circular disks covered with               |      |
|      |     microorganisms and made of polystyrene, polyvinyl  |      |
|      |     chloride, or other stable material, that are       |      |
|      |     partly exposed to the air and partly submerged in  |      |
|      |     troughs containing wastewater to degrade dissolved |      |
|      |     organic compounds.                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     rotating biological contactors (RBC), replacing    |      |
|      |     parts, clearing the area, making repairs, and      |      |
|      |     performing other activities to maintain the RBC.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### SLURRY PHASE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT              | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using slurry phase biological treatment, also      | YR** |
|      |     known as Slurry Biodegradation. This treatment     |      |
|      |     involves the use of microbial action to break down |      |
|      |     sludge or soils in a water suspension into simple, |      |
|      |     stable compounds. Slurry biodegradation activities |      |
|      |     include excavation, material segregation,          |      |
|      |     scrubbing, aeration, bioreactor mixing,            |      |
|      |     dewatering, and placement of additional nutrients. |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, replacing nutrients and components, clearing |      |
|      |     the area, and performing other activities to       |      |
|      |     maintain and enhance biodegradation.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRICKLING FILTERS**                                  | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a trickling filtration system, which uses a  | YR** |
|      |     rotary sprinkler to evenly distribute a waste      |      |
|      |     liquid across a bed of filtration media into which |      |
|      |     microorganisms are attached. As the waste stream   |      |
|      |     trickles through the filter media, the organic     |      |
|      |     contaminants are biodegraded. Trickling filters    |      |
|      |     consist of a highly permeable bed of media, rotary |      |
|      |     sprinklers, porous underdrain systems, and         |      |
|      |     settling tanks.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the trickling filter |      |
|      |     system, cleaning filters, clearing the area,       |      |
|      |     making repairs, and performing other activities to |      |
|      |     maintain the filters.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BIOLOGICAL LAGOONS**                                 | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using biological lagoons as facultative lagoons to | YR** |
|      |     treat low- to medium-strength organic wastes.      |      |
|      |     Biological lagoons use a lined earthen basin and   |      |
|      |     sometimes aerated to promote optimal growth of     |      |
|      |     microorganisms for effective treatment of          |      |
|      |     contaminated liquids and sludge. This method of    |      |
|      |     treatment relies on rate of algae photosynthesis,  |      |
|      |     adequacy of mixing, good inlet-outlet design, and  |      |
|      |     adequate air temperatures to operate efficiently.  |      |
|      |     Anaerobic lagoons or aerated lagoons are modified  |      |
|      |     processes that treat wastes at higher rates.       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     biological lagoon, clearing the area, making       |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to        |      |
|      |     maintain the biological lagoons.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION                     | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using an anaerobic sludge digestion treatment      | YR** |
|      |     process, which stabilizes sludge, by using         |      |
|      |     microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. This      |      |
|      |     element includes reactor, piping, instrumentation  |      |
|      |     and controls, pumps, and other items necessary for |      |
|      |     anaerobic sludge digestion.                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     digester, replacing consumables, replacing parts,  |      |
|      |     making repairs, cleaning areas, operating          |      |
|      |     technology, and performing other activities to     |      |
|      |     maintain the digester.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### COMPOSTING                                     | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using composting to biologically degrade soil      | YR** |
|      |     contaminants, sludge, or municipal solid organic   |      |
|      |     wastes. The contaminated media is mixed with       |      |
|      |     organic nutrients. A bulking agent, such as wood   |      |
|      |     chip, and inorganic nutrients are also mixed in.   |      |
|      |     The mixture is then placed in (compost) piles to   |      |
|      |     promote heat generation and, thus, faster and more |      |
|      |     efficient biodegradation. Composting systems can   |      |
|      |     be simple windrows mixed, turned periodically, or  |      |
|      |     have complete mechanical mixing and aerating       |      |
|      |     systems.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     composting system, clearing the area, making       |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to        |      |
|      |     maintain the composting system.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FUNGAL BIODEGREDATION (WHITE ROT FUNGUS)**           | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using White Rot Fungus, also known as              | YR** |
|      |     Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a bioreactor, to    |      |
|      |     degrade organopollutants. White Rot Fungus,        |      |
|      |     containing lignin-degrading or wood-rotting        |      |
|      |     enzymes, has the ability to degrade and mineralize |      |
|      |     a number of organopollutants including the         |      |
|      |     predominant conventional explosives TNT, hexogen,  |      |
|      |     and high-melting-explosives. In addition, White    |      |
|      |     Rot Fungus has the potential to degrade and        |      |
|      |     mineralize other recalcitrant materials, such as   |      |
|      |     DDT, PAH, PCB, and PCP. Two different treatment    |      |
|      |     configurations have been tested for White Rot      |      |
|      |     Fungus, in-situ and bioreactor. An aerobic system  |      |
|      |     using moisturized air on wood chips is used in a   |      |
|      |     reactor for biodegradation. Although White Rot     |      |
|      |     Fungus degradation of TNT has been reported in     |      |
|      |     laboratory-scale settings using pure cultures,     |      |
|      |     several factors increase the difficulty of using   |      |
|      |     this technology for full-scale treatment. These    |      |
|      |     factors include competition from native bacterial  |      |
|      |     populations, toxicity inhibition, chemical         |      |
|      |     sorption, and the inability to meet risk-based     |      |
|      |     cleanup levels. White Rot works best in            |      |
|      |     nitrogen-limited environments. High TNT or PCP     |      |
|      |     concentrations in soil also can inhibit growth of  |      |
|      |     white rot fungus. White Rot Fungus is not native   |      |
|      |     to soil.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, clearing the area, making repairs, and       |      |
|      |     performing other activities to maintain the fungal |      |
|      |     biodegradation system.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .22. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other ex-situ biological      | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment.                                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment system, replacing materials, clearing    |      |
|      |     the area, and making repairs on other ex-situ      |      |
|      |     biological treatment.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **IN-SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT**                         |      |
| 23** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                        |      |
| .23. |                                                        |      |
| 01** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OXYGEN RELEASE COMPOUNDS\                            | **M^ |
| .23. | **Phase 4                                              | 3^** |
| 02** |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | **M  |
|      |     using oxygen release compounds to treat VOCs,      | ^3^/ |
|      |     SVOCs, and fuels. Compounds such as hydrogen       | YR** |
|      |     peroxide or liquid or gaseous oxygen may be        |      |
|      |     passively introduced in wells, trenches, or pumped |      |
|      |     into the contaminated area to enhance              |      |
|      |     biotreatment.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     area, regularly introducing materials, and         |      |
|      |     performing other activities to maintain the oxygen |      |
|      |     release system.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **NEUTRALIZATION**                                     | **M^ |
| .23. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using acids and caustics to adjust the pH of a     | YR** |
|      |     wastewater stream. Costs of neutralization include |      |
|      |     acids, caustics, chemical storage, mixing basins,  |      |
|      |     pH probes and controls. Acids or chemicals can     |      |
|      |     also be directly applied to soil or spill sites.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     site, preparing and feeding chemicals into the     |      |
|      |     waste stream, clearing the area, making repairs,   |      |
|      |     and performing other activities to maintain the    |      |
|      |     neutralization system.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OXIDATION/REDUCTION**                                | **M^ |
| .23. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using in situ oxidation/reduction treatments of    | YR** |
|      |     hydrocarbon, halocarbon, radionuclides, and metal  |      |
|      |     ions that contaminate groundwater and the          |      |
|      |     unsaturated zone. Application of oxidants such as  |      |
|      |     ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium             |      |
|      |     permanganate directly to the contaminant change    |      |
|      |     them to more benign chemicals such as carbon       |      |
|      |     dioxide and water or precipitate metal ions to a   |      |
|      |     more insoluble/immobile form. Oxidants can be      |      |
|      |     combined with in situ reduction, such as the use   |      |
|      |     of zero valence iron.                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Oxidation/reduction equipment includes air             |      |
|      | compressors, oxygen generators, ozone generators,      |      |
|      | mixing tanks, injection wells, and piping.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     site, preparing and feeding chemicals into the     |      |
|      |     contaminated site, clearing the area, making       |      |
|      |     repairs, and performing other activities to        |      |
|      |     maintain the oxidation/reduction system.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOIL FLUSHING (SURFACTANT/SOLVENT)**                 | **M^ |
| .23. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using in situ soil flushing to extract             | YR** |
|      |     contaminants from the soil with water or other     |      |
|      |     suitable aqueous solutions. Soil flushing is       |      |
|      |     accomplished by passing the extraction fluid       |      |
|      |     through in-place soils using an injection or       |      |
|      |     infiltration process. Extraction fluids must be    |      |
|      |     recovered from the underlying aquifer and, when    |      |
|      |     possible, recycled. Use Extraction Wells (X.18.01) |      |
|      |     and Injection Wells (X.18.02.) for drilling and    |      |
|      |     well development costs.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     site, preparing chemicals, clearing the area,      |      |
|      |     repairing components, and performing other         |      |
|      |     activities to maintain the soil flushing system.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **M^ |
| .23. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other in-situ chemical        | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment.                                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform operations and maintenance activities such |      |
|      |     as inspection, replacement of materials, clearing  |      |
|      |     of area, and making repairs on other in-situ       |      |
|      |     chemical treatment.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **EX-SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT**                         |      |
| 24** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GLYCOLATE/ALKALI METAL/POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (A/PEG)** | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using A/PEG and potassium polyethylene glycol to   | YR** |
|      |     detoxify halogenated aromatic and other organic    |      |
|      |     compounds, such as PCBs and pentachlorophenols by  |      |
|      |     heating them with PEG and sodium hydroxide or      |      |
|      |     potassium hydroxide for several hours at 150^o^C   |      |
|      |     (300°F). The APEG process decomposes PCBs and      |      |
|      |     representative halogens in an exothermic and       |      |
|      |     self-sustaining manner. A dechlorination reagent   |      |
|      |     is formed by reacting alkali metals (such as       |      |
|      |     sodium) with PEG in the presence of heat and       |      |
|      |     oxygen. The reaction mechanism involves            |      |
|      |     nucleophilic substitution or elimination and the   |      |
|      |     oxidative degradation of chlorine through the      |      |
|      |     generation of numerous free radicals. The process  |      |
|      |     reactivity can be \"tuned\" or directed at various |      |
|      |     aliphatic or aromatic systems by varying the       |      |
|      |     molecular weight of PEG. Typical by-products of    |      |
|      |     the reaction are salts, such as sodium chloride,   |      |
|      |     hydrogen, and hydroxylated organic derivatives.    |      |
|      |     The primary advantage of the system is that the    |      |
|      |     reagent is not based on a dispersed metallic       |      |
|      |     sodium reaction, can tolerate low levels of water  |      |
|      |     content, and is stable in air. Therefore, the      |      |
|      |     process may be applicable to soils and sediments   |      |
|      |     dredging and to low-moisture sludge.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting and      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, preparing chemicals, and        |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BASE-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION PROCESS**               | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a base-catalyzed decomposition process to    | YR** |
|      |     remediate soils and sediments contaminated with    |      |
|      |     chlorinated organic compounds, especially PCBs,    |      |
|      |     dioxins, and furans. Contaminated soil is          |      |
|      |     screened, processed with a crusher and pug mill.   |      |
|      |     The soil is then mixed with sodium bicarbonate and |      |
|      |     heated at about 350^o^C (660^o^F) for one hour,    |      |
|      |     which dehalogenates 25%-75% of the halogenated     |      |
|      |     aromatics. The remainder is volatilized and passed |      |
|      |     on to the second reactor, a slurry or liquid phase |      |
|      |     reactor that uses a high boiling-point hydrocarbon |      |
|      |     oil, catalyst, sodium hydroxide, and heat          |      |
|      |     (350^o^C) to dehalogenate or decompose the         |      |
|      |     contaminants. Contaminated oily liquids (such as   |      |
|      |     pesticides and PCB transformer oil) are treated in |      |
|      |     the slurry/liquid phase reactor only.              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHEMICAL HYDROLYSIS**                                | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using hydrolysis, the chemical reaction of water   | YR** |
|      |     with another substance where hydrogen and hydroxyl |      |
|      |     are added to the other substance usually forming   |      |
|      |     two or more new compounds. Assemblies include feed |      |
|      |     systems, storage tanks, piping, and diaphragm      |      |
|      |     metering pumps.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHLORINATION**                                       | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     applying chlorine to drinking water, sewage, or    | YR** |
|      |     industrial wastes to disinfect or to oxidize       |      |
|      |     undesirable compounds. Assemblies include feed     |      |
|      |     systems, storage tanks, chemicals, piping, and     |      |
|      |     diaphragm metering pumps.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemical feed, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DEHALOGENATION**                                     | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a dehalogenation treatment, a chemical       | YR** |
|      |     process in which halogenated (usually chlorinated) |      |
|      |     organic compounds in an aqueous or soil medium are |      |
|      |     mixed and heated with basic reagent to remove the  |      |
|      |     halogens (usually chlorine). This element includes |      |
|      |     all dehalogenation processes that are not based on |      |
|      |     alkali metals or based catalyzed decomposition     |      |
|      |     process. See Glycolate Alkali Metal/Polyethylene   |      |
|      |     Glycol (X.24.01) and Base-Catalyzed Decomposition  |      |
|      |     Process (X.24.02.).                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HYDROGEN REDUCTION**                                 | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     reducing chemicals using hydrogen as reducing      | YR** |
|      |     agent.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, purchasing and preparing chemicals,      |      |
|      |     cleaning the area, and repairing components.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ION EXCHANGE**                                       | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using the ion exchange process to remove inorganic | YR** |
|      |     compounds by capturing ions on a resinous material |      |
|      |     known as ion exchange resins. Wastewater is        |      |
|      |     continuously passed through a column containing    |      |
|      |     the ion exchange resin until the resin becomes     |      |
|      |     exhausted, at which point the resin is             |      |
|      |     regenerated. Ion exchange is not a destructive     |      |
|      |     technology; therefore the contaminated regenerants |      |
|      |     will need disposal. Exchangers include cation      |      |
|      |     exchangers, anion exchangers, and mixed-bed        |      |
|      |     exchangers. Assemblies include ion exchange        |      |
|      |     columns, chemical feed pumps, and storage tanks.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning resins,    |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### CHEMICAL OXIDATION/REDUCTION                   | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions, in    | YR** |
|      |     which an atom or group of atoms lose or gain       |      |
|      |     electrons, to transfer electrons. In               |      |
|      |     oxidation/reduction reactions the contaminants     |      |
|      |     become more stable or more mobile. The addition of |      |
|      |     oxygen breaks down organic waste or chemicals such |      |
|      |     as cyanides, phenols, and organic sulfur           |      |
|      |     compounds. Peroxide and ozone are the oxidizing    |      |
|      |     agents usually used in conjunction with UV. Heavy  |      |
|      |     metals are usually reduced to less mobile forms of |      |
|      |     chemicals.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OXYGEN RELEASE COMPOUNDS**                           | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using compounds such as hydrogen peroxide or       | YR** |
|      |     liquid or gaseous oxygen to enhance biotreatment,  |      |
|      |     through passive introduction into wells and        |      |
|      |     trenches, or pumping into the contaminated area.   |      |
|      |     Oxygen release compounds are primarily designed to |      |
|      |     treat VOCs, SVOCs, and fuels.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,   |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OZONATION**                                          | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using ozone as an oxidizing agent in a water or    | YR** |
|      |     wastewater treatment process. Ozone is produced    |      |
|      |     with corona discharge technology and must be       |      |
|      |     produced on-site due to the hazards of             |      |
|      |     transporting and storing ozone. Ozone-induced      |      |
|      |     oxidation can be conducted in a batch or           |      |
|      |     continuous process. Batch production uses a single |      |
|      |     reaction tank; continuous operation uses two       |      |
|      |     tanks, one of which serves as an overflow tank for |      |
|      |     excess ozone. Assemblies include equipment to      |      |
|      |     remove any residual ozone and monitoring units.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components. Note that the high       |      |
|      |     amounts of electricity required is an operations   |      |
|      |     cost.                                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOLVENT EXTRACTION**                                 | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using separation processes in which two immiscible | YR** |
|      |     or partially soluble liquid phases are brought     |      |
|      |     into contact for the transfer of one or more       |      |
|      |     compounds. This process is commonly referred to as |      |
|      |     liquid-liquid extraction or, more loosely, as      |      |
|      |     solvent extraction. This is the separation of      |      |
|      |     constituents from a liquid solution by contact     |      |
|      |     with another, immiscible liquid in which the       |      |
|      |     constituents are more soluble. Liquid-liquid       |      |
|      |     extraction is applicable for removal of organic    |      |
|      |     components from aqueous solutions into immiscible  |      |
|      |     solvents. The processes are primarily physical as  |      |
|      |     the solutes being transferred are ordinarily       |      |
|      |     recovered without chemical change. On the other    |      |
|      |     hand, the physical equilibrium relationships on    |      |
|      |     which such operations are based depend mainly on   |      |
|      |     the chemical characteristics of the solutes and    |      |
|      |     solvents. Thus, use of a solvent that chemically   |      |
|      |     resembles one component of a mixture more than the |      |
|      |     other components will lead to concentration of     |      |
|      |     that component in the solvent phase, with the      |      |
|      |     exclusion from the phase of the dissimilar         |      |
|      |     components. The contaminant is not altered by      |      |
|      |     extraction but is transferred to a different       |      |
|      |     phase. The most common systems include 1)          |      |
|      |     mixer-settler, consisting of a mixing chamber and  |      |
|      |     a settling chamber for phase dispersion and        |      |
|      |     separation; 2) extraction columns, consisting of   |      |
|      |     either packed extractors or sieve-tray extractors  |      |
|      |     for mixing of the solute and solvent; and 3)       |      |
|      |     centrifugal contactors, which rely on centrifugal  |      |
|      |     force to mix the solute and solvent. Refer to Soil |      |
|      |     Washing (X.26.35) for ex-situ extraction of        |      |
|      |     contaminants from soils or Soil Flushing           |      |
|      |     (.X.25.11) for in-situ extraction of contaminants  |      |
|      |     from soils.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **NEUTRALIZATION**                                     | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | > This element includes constructing a facility for    | ^3^/ |
|      | > neutralization, the use of acids and caustics to     | YR** |
|      | > adjust the pH of wastewater or waste streams.        |      |
|      | > Neutralization costs include initial acids or        |      |
|      | > caustics, chemical storage, mixing basins, pH        |      |
|      | > probes, and controls.                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing, cleaning the area, and        |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| *    | **ULTRAVIOLET (UV) PHOTOLYSIS**                        | **M^ |
| *24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using ultraviolet photolysis, the process by which | YR** |
|      |     chemical bonds are broken by ultraviolet light.    |      |
|      |     Products of photo-degradation vary according to    |      |
|      |     the matrix in which the process occurs, but the    |      |
|      |     complete conversion of an organic contaminant, to  |      |
|      |     CO~2~ or H~2~O for example, is not probable.       |      |
|      |     Equipment for ultraviolet photolysis includes UV   |      |
|      |     lamps, process pumps, and monitors. Note that this |      |
|      |     element does not include UV oxidation. See         |      |
|      |     Ultraviolet Oxidation (X.24.14).                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility preparing chemicals, replacing parts,     |      |
|      |     cleaning the area, and repairing components.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ULTRAVIOLET (UV) OXIDATION**                         | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element involves constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using UV oxidation, which uses UV radiation plus   | YR** |
|      |     an oxidizing agent such as ozone or hydrogen       |      |
|      |     peroxide to destroy organic and explosive          |      |
|      |     components in low turbidity water and wastewater.  |      |
|      |     If complete mineral-ization is achieved, the final |      |
|      |     products of oxidation are carbon dioxide, water,   |      |
|      |     and salts. Equipment includes UV lamps, storage    |      |
|      |     for oxidants, instrumentation and monitors,        |      |
|      |     piping, process pumps. If ozone is used, equipment |      |
|      |     for off-gas treatment will be required.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, replacing parts,    |      |
|      |     cleaning the area, and repairing components.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COAGULATION/FLOCCULATION/PRECIPITATION**             | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using coagulation to increase clumping of          | YR** |
|      |     particles in wastewater by biological or chemical  |      |
|      |     means allowing for the separation of the particles |      |
|      |     from the water by sedimentation or filtration.     |      |
|      |     Chemicals such as lime, alum, and iron salts often |      |
|      |     induce precipitation. Cost elements include the    |      |
|      |     reactors or mixing tanks, mixing devices, water or |      |
|      |     storage tanks, pumping equipment, piping, and      |      |
|      |     other instrumentation and controls.                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, cleaning the  |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### ACTIVATED ALUMINA (ADSORPTION/ABSORPTION)      | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 16** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using activated alumina as an adsorptive media.    | YR** |
|      |     Activated alumina removes a variety of             |      |
|      |     contaminants, including excessive fluoride,        |      |
|      |     arsenic, and selenium from contaminated liquids.   |      |
|      |     The medium requires periodic cleaning with an      |      |
|      |     appropriate regenerant such as alum, acid, or      |      |
|      |     bases to remain effective. Assemblies include ion  |      |
|      |     exchange columns, chemical feed pumps, and storage |      |
|      |     tanks.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the        |      |
|      |     sorbent materials, and repairing components.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FORAGE® SPONGE (ADSORPTION/ABSORPTION)**             | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 17** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using open-celled cellulose Forage® sponges        | YR** |
|      |     incorporating an amine-containing chelating        |      |
|      |     polymer that selectively absorbs dissolved heavy   |      |
|      |     metals. The polymer is intimately bonded to the    |      |
|      |     cellulose, minimizing physical separation from the |      |
|      |     supporting matrix. The functional groups in the    |      |
|      |     polymer (i.e., amine and carboxyl groups) provide  |      |
|      |     selective affinity for heavy metals in both        |      |
|      |     cationic and anionic states, preferentially        |      |
|      |     forming complexes with transition-group heavy      |      |
|      |     metals. Assemblies include ion exchange columns,   |      |
|      |     chemical feed pumps, and storage tanks.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning or         |      |
|      |     backwashing adsorptive materials, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHEMICAL EXTRACTION (SOLVENT/ACID/ALKALINE           | **M^ |
| .24. | EXTRACTION)**                                          | 3^** |
| 18** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | **M  |
|      |                                                        | ^3^/ |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | YR** |
|      |     chemical extraction using aqueous chemicals to     |      |
|      |     separate contaminants from soil and solids.        |      |
|      |     Contaminated soil and solids are mixed in a mixing |      |
|      |     tank or a reactor, and the contaminants are        |      |
|      |     separated from the solids and released into the    |      |
|      |     liquid. The solids are then separated from the     |      |
|      |     extracted solution and further treatment is        |      |
|      |     applied if necessary. Chemical extractants include |      |
|      |     a variety of acidic and basic solutions.           |      |
|      |     Assemblies include mixing tanks or reactors,       |      |
|      |     mixers, chemical feed pumps, and storage tanks.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning or         |      |
|      |     backwashing adsorptive materials, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **M^ |
| .24. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other ex-situ chemical        | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment.                                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     site, replacing materials, cleaning the area, and  |      |
|      |     repairing other ex-situ chemical treatment.        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **IN-SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT**                         |      |
| 25** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### IN-WELL AIR STRIPPING/ CIRCULATING WELLS           | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using the circulating well (CW) technique for      | ^/YR |
|      |     subsurface groundwater stripping by creating a     |      |
|      |     three-dimensional circulating pattern of           |      |
|      |     groundwater. Groundwater is drawn into a well      |      |
|      |     through one screened section and is pumped through |      |
|      |     the well to a second screened section where it is  |      |
|      |     reintroduced to the aquifer. The upward and        |      |
|      |     downward flow can be redirected depending on       |      |
|      |     site-specific conditions. Because groundwater is   |      |
|      |     not pumped above the ground, the cost of           |      |
|      |     operations is reduced. In addition, simultaneous   |      |
|      |     treatment of the vadose zone is achieved in the    |      |
|      |     form of bioventing and vapor extraction from the   |      |
|      |     circulating well. CW systems can provide treatment |      |
|      |     inside the well, in the aquifer, or both. For      |      |
|      |     in-well treatment, the contaminant must be         |      |
|      |     adequately soluble and mobile so it can be         |      |
|      |     recirculated. In-well treatment includes air       |      |
|      |     stripping, activated carbon adsorption, and        |      |
|      |     biodegradation. In-situ treatment is achieved by   |      |
|      |     enhancing aerobic biodegradation. Use Extraction   |      |
|      |     Wells (X.18.01) and Injection Well (X.18.02.) for  |      |
|      |     drilling and well development costs.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting on the   |      |
|      |     facility, clearing the area, and repairing         |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **AIR SPARGING**                                       | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using sparging groundwater treatment technologies  | YR** |
|      |     to remove organic contaminants by injecting air    |      |
|      |     into the aquifer and allowing the air to pass      |      |
|      |     upward into the unsaturated soil. Contaminants are |      |
|      |     removed either by partitioning into the moving air |      |
|      |     or through biodegradation enhanced by the          |      |
|      |     introduction of dissolved oxygen from the injected |      |
|      |     air. The injected air is to be captured by an SVE  |      |
|      |     system. Air sparging equipment consists of an air  |      |
|      |     compressor (usually an oil-less compressor),       |      |
|      |     piping, and injection wells. Associated equipment  |      |
|      |     includes instrumentation and controls and          |      |
|      |     occasionally involves air filters and a heat       |      |
|      |     exchanger.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     treatment units, cleaning the area, and repairing  |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CRUSHING**                                           | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a process that crush or reduce sizes of      | YR** |
|      |     rocks, concrete, concrete asphalt, or bricks by    |      |
|      |     applying pressure in place.                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     crushing unit, preparing chemicals, cleaning the   |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CRYOGENICS (FROZEN SOIL BARRIER)**                   | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a frozen soil barrier as a temporary in situ | YR** |
|      |     containment technology to isolate or prohibit      |      |
|      |     migration of the contaminants by freezing the      |      |
|      |     ground, thereby limiting contaminant movement in   |      |
|      |     or out of the frozen area. Circulating refrigerant |      |
|      |     through dual-tube boreholes spaced around the area |      |
|      |     to be contained forms a 4-to 6-foot-thick barrier, |      |
|      |     which freezes the soil moisture and reduces        |      |
|      |     permeability.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, cleaning the  |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### FRACTURING (HYDROFRACTURING)                       | *    |
| .25. |                                                        | *M** |
| 05** | Phase 4 the e                                          |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | M/YR |
|      |     using high-pressure injection of a water/sand      |      |
|      |     mixture to create open fractures in                |      |
|      |     low-permeability soils. Injected sand keeps        |      |
|      |     fractures open, enabling contaminant removal and   |      |
|      |     reagent addition. This will increase contaminant   |      |
|      |     removal rates by creating a more permeable pathway |      |
|      |     for fluid and vapor. Applicable for removal of     |      |
|      |     chlorinated organic and petroleum contamination    |      |
|      |     from fine-textured soils, hydraulic fracturing can |      |
|      |     be coupled with thermally enhanced soil vapor      |      |
|      |     extraction.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, preparing materials, cleaning the area, |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LASAGNA PROCESS**                                    | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installing the Lasagna       | ^3^/ |
|      |     process to remediate contaminated soils with very  | YR** |
|      |     low permeability. The Lasagna process is a         |      |
|      |     combination process that includes electrokinetics  |      |
|      |     to move the water and soluble contaminants in soil |      |
|      |     pores; chemical or biological treatment zones in   |      |
|      |     which contaminants can be decomposed or adsorbed;  |      |
|      |     and drilling or fracturing processes that allow    |      |
|      |     the development of the treatment zones.            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, cleaning the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LASER (CUTTING)**                                    | *    |
| .25. |                                                        | *M** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring and installing     | *M** |
|      |     lasers to cut equipment, structures, and other     |      |
|      |     items for removal and demolition.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes cutting items during         |      |
|      |     operations, and equipment maintenance.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LASER (SURFACE DECONTAMINATION)**                    | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M^ |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring and installing     | 2^** |
|      |     lasers to remove contaminated layers of paint or   |      |
|      |     coating without having to decontaminate the entire |      |
|      |     item.                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |     Phase 5                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation of the lasers to   |      |
|      |     remove contaminated layers of paint or coating     |      |
|      |     without having to decontaminate the entire item.   |      |
|      |     This element also includes maintenance of the      |      |
|      |     laser.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### PASSIVE/REACTIVE TREATMENT WALL                | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a               | ^2^/ |
|      |     passive/reactive treatment wall as a barrier to a  | YR** |
|      |     contaminated plume. These walls usually consist of |      |
|      |     a trench filled with reactive materials or         |      |
|      |     electrochemical barrier constructed down gradient, |      |
|      |     in the path of a contaminated plume. As the trench |      |
|      |     intercepts the plume, the contaminated water       |      |
|      |     passively travels through the reactive media that  |      |
|      |     degrade the contaminants. A variety of reactive    |      |
|      |     media (chemical or physical) can be used to treat  |      |
|      |     or capture the contaminants. See X.21.01 for       |      |
|      |     Biological Barrier. A common reactive barrier      |      |
|      |     configuration is a funnel and gate that direct     |      |
|      |     large volume of contaminated water through the     |      |
|      |     reactive wall without the need for pumping. This   |      |
|      |     element includes trenching or excavation           |      |
|      |     activities.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the treatment site,  |      |
|      |     preparing chemicals or materials, cleaning the     |      |
|      |     area, and repairing the barrier.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SKIMMING**                                           | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using skimming devices to    | ^3^/ |
|      |     collect or remove material floating on             | YR** |
|      |     contaminated liquids. Skimming devices include     |      |
|      |     rotating arms, vacuuming devices, scrapers,        |      |
|      |     special absorptive cloths, and other processes.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as treatment unit      |      |
|      |     inspection, preparing equipment, area cleaning,    |      |
|      |     and repairing/replacing components.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOIL FLUSHING (SURFACTANT/SOLVENT)**                 | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using in-situ soil flushing to extract             | YR** |
|      |     contaminants from the soil with water or other     |      |
|      |     suitable aqueous solutions. Soil flushing is       |      |
|      |     accomplished by passing the extraction fluid       |      |
|      |     through in-place soils using an injection or       |      |
|      |     infiltration process. Extraction fluids must be    |      |
|      |     recovered from the underlying aquifer and, when    |      |
|      |     possible, recycled. Use Extraction Wells (X.18.01) |      |
|      |     and Injection Wells (X.18.02.) for drilling and    |      |
|      |     well development costs.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     site, preparing chemicals, clearing the area, and  |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOLIDS DEWATERING/DRYING**                           | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element involves solids dewatering, any of a  | ^3^/ |
|      |     number of processes to remove water, moisture, or  | YR** |
|      |     liquids. These processes include open-air drying,  |      |
|      |     enhanced evaporation through venting or heating in |      |
|      |     place, placing heavy loads on contaminated waste   |      |
|      |     and collecting the leachate, and installing        |      |
|      |     materials that enhance water movement in one       |      |
|      |     direction. This element may also include drilling, |      |
|      |     piping, fans or air pumps, liquid pumps,           |      |
|      |     electrodes for heating, vents for collecting       |      |
|      |     off-gas, and related equipment.                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the area, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .25. |                                                        |      |
| 13** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### VACUUM/BLASTING                                    | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring and installing     |  M^2 |
|      |     equipment for cutting or removing surface          | ^/YR |
|      |     contaminants using high-pressure equipment with    |      |
|      |     scouring materials such as ice pellets, carbon     |      |
|      |     dioxide pellets, sand, water or other hard,        |      |
|      |     abrasive, or corrosive materials. The contaminated |      |
|      |     materials are then collected using a vacuuming     |      |
|      |     device.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the vacuuming and blasting equipment and systems,  |      |
|      |     including replacing parts and consumables,         |      |
|      |     inspecting and cleaning equipment, repairing       |      |
|      |     components, and other similar tasks.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COATING**                                            | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes applying paints, adhesive    | ^2^/ |
|      |     substances, or bonding substances on structures or | YR** |
|      |     equipment to contain contaminants or to reduce     |      |
|      |     exposure to contaminants.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the regular application of   |      |
|      |     paints, adhesive substances, or bonding substances |      |
|      |     on structures or equipment to contain contaminants |      |
|      |     or to reduce exposure to contaminants as part of   |      |
|      |     operation and maintenance or long-term monitoring  |      |
|      |     activity.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### ELECTROKINETICS                                | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 16** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using the electrokinetics process to remove metals | YR** |
|      |     and organic contaminants from low-permeability     |      |
|      |     soil, mud, sludge, and marine dredging. When       |      |
|      |     direct current is passed through low permeable     |      |
|      |     soil, it mobilizes charged species, causing ions   |      |
|      |     and water to move toward the electrodes.           |      |
|      |     Positively charged ions and compounds move toward  |      |
|      |     the cathode. Negatively charged ions and compounds |      |
|      |     move toward the anode. The current creates an acid |      |
|      |     front at the anode and a base front at the         |      |
|      |     cathode. This generation of acidic condition       |      |
|      |     in-situ may help mobilize sorbed metal             |      |
|      |     contaminants for transport to the collection       |      |
|      |     system at the cathode. Two primary mechanisms      |      |
|      |     transport contaminants through the soil towards    |      |
|      |     one or the other electrodes: electromigration and  |      |
|      |     electroosmosis. In electromigration, charged       |      |
|      |     particles are transported through the substrate.   |      |
|      |     In contrast, electroosmosis is the movement of a   |      |
|      |     liquid containing ions relative to a stationary    |      |
|      |     charged surface. Of the two, electromigration is   |      |
|      |     the main mechanism for the electrokinetic          |      |
|      |     treatment process. The direction and rate of       |      |
|      |     movement of an ionic species will depend on the    |      |
|      |     magnitude and polarity of its charge and the       |      |
|      |     magnitude of the electroosmosis-induced flow       |      |
|      |     velocity. Non-ionic species, both inorganic and    |      |
|      |     organic, will be transported with the              |      |
|      |     electroosmosis-induced water flow. This element    |      |
|      |     includes electrodes, storage tanks,                |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls, and other            |      |
|      |     miscellaneous items. See other technologies for    |      |
|      |     processing the waste.                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as utility cost,       |      |
|      |     treatment unit inspection, cleaning electrodes,    |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION**                              | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 17** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using soil vapor extraction (SVE) to remove        | YR** |
|      |     volatile organic compounds from vadose zone soil   |      |
|      |     by pulling air through the soil. The air is moved  |      |
|      |     by means of a blower or vacuum placed in the soil  |      |
|      |     through extraction wells. Associated equipment     |      |
|      |     includes condensate handling devices,              |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls, and, in most cases,  |      |
|      |     off-gas treatment equipment. The SVE process is    |      |
|      |     distinct from vapor/gas venting and collection     |      |
|      |     listed under Gas/Vapor Collection Trench System    |      |
|      |     (X.16.01). Activities associated with SVE may      |      |
|      |     include surface covering (placement of             |      |
|      |     geomembranes) and Air Sparging (X.25.02).          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning components, and repairing |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FRACTURING (PNEUMATIC)**                             | *    |
| .25. |                                                        | *M** |
| 18** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes construction of the          | YR** |
|      |     pneumatic fracturing process to remove chlorinated |      |
|      |     organic and petroleum contamination from           |      |
|      |     fine-textured soils. Fracture wells are drilled in |      |
|      |     the contaminated vadose zone and left open         |      |
|      |     (uncased) for most of their depth. A packer system |      |
|      |     is used to isolate small (0.6-meter or 2-foot)     |      |
|      |     intervals so that short bursts (approximately 20   |      |
|      |     seconds) of compressed air (less than 10,300 mm of |      |
|      |     Hg or 200 pounds per square inch) can be injected  |      |
|      |     into the interval to fracture the formation. The   |      |
|      |     process is repeated for each interval in the       |      |
|      |     contaminated depth. Pneumatic fracturing can be    |      |
|      |     coupled with thermally enhanced soil vapor         |      |
|      |     extraction technologies to enhance performance.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, preparing materials, cleaning the area, |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **BLAST-ENHANCED FRACTURING**                          | *    |
| .25. |                                                        | *M** |
| 19** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M/ |
|      | -   This element includes using blast-enhanced         | YR** |
|      |     fracturing at sites with fractured bedrock         |      |
|      |     formations. The increased well yields, hydraulic   |      |
|      |     conductivity values, and capture zones occur as a  |      |
|      |     result of the highly fractured area created by     |      |
|      |     detonation of explosives in boreholes.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, preparing materials, cleaning the area, |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DIRECTIONAL WELLS (ENHANCEMENT)**                    | ###  |
| .25. |                                                        | ## M |
| 20** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | -   This element includes construction of directional  | ###  |
|      |     wells, also known as horizontal wells, to position |      |
|      |     wells horizontally, or at an angle, to reach       | ##   |
|      |     contaminants not accessible by direct vertical     | ###  |
|      |     drilling. Directional drilling may be used to      |      |
|      |     enhance other in-situ or in-well technologies such | ##   |
|      |     as groundwater pumping, bioventing, SVE, soil      | ###  |
|      |     flushing, and in-well air stripping. Hardware used |      |
|      |     for directional boring includes wireline coring    | ##   |
|      |     rigs, hydraulic thrust systems, electric cone      | ###  |
|      |     penetrometers, steering tracking hardware, sonic   |      |
|      |     drilling equipment, and push coring systems.       | ##   |
|      |     Hydraulically activated thrust equipment capable   | ###  |
|      |     of exerting more than 40 tons of thrust is used to |      |
|      |     push the directional boring heads into the earth.  | ##   |
|      |     Directional control is obtained by proper          | ###  |
|      |     positioning of the face of the non-symmetric       |      |
|      |     boring head. Slow rotation of the boring head will | ##   |
|      |     cut and compact the geologic material into the     | ###  |
|      |     borehole wall. Thrusting a non-rotating boring     |      |
|      |     head will cause a directional change. The          | ##   |
|      |     machinery is capable of initiating a borehole,     | ###  |
|      |     steering down to a desired horizontal depth,       |      |
|      |     continuing at that depth, and then steering back   | ##   |
|      |     to the surface at a downrange location.            | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          | ##   |
|      |     equipment, preparing materials, cleaning the area, | ###  |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        | ## E |
|      |                                                        | A/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### BIOSLURPING                                        | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 21** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^2^/ |
|      |     using the bioslurping process for recovering       | YR** |
|      |     free-phase, light, non-aqueous-phase liquids, or   |      |
|      |     contaminated groundwater from near the vadose      |      |
|      |     zone/water table interface via vacuum enhanced     |      |
|      |     pumping. This activity is often accomplished with  |      |
|      |     a variable length suction pipe (for extracting     |      |
|      |     liquids) inside a soil vapor extraction well. The  |      |
|      |     screened interval of the soil vapor extraction     |      |
|      |     well usually spans the vadose zone/water table     |      |
|      |     interface. Soil vapor extraction and free          |      |
|      |     product/groundwater extraction occur               |      |
|      |     simultaneously; resulting in aeration of           |      |
|      |     surrounding soil, which enhances biodegredation    |      |
|      |     compounds amenable to biodegredation under aerobic |      |
|      |     conditions. This element includes drilling the     |      |
|      |     well and equipment required for bioslurping, such  |      |
|      |     as well casing, manifold piping, suction piping    |      |
|      |     (or drop tubes), vacuum pump(s) (often liquid-ring |      |
|      |     pumps), air/water separator(s), and oil/water      |      |
|      |     separator(s). Extracted liquids and air may also   |      |
|      |     require treatment.                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, replacing materials or components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the pumps and collect |      |
|      |     the contaminants.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DUAL-PHASE EXTRACTION (MULTI-PHASE)**                | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 22** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^2^/ |
|      |     using a high-vacuum system to simultaneously       | YR** |
|      |     remove various combinations of contaminated        |      |
|      |     liquids and gases from above and below the water   |      |
|      |     table. This technology is known as multi-phase     |      |
|      |     extraction or vacuum-enhanced extraction. Once     |      |
|      |     above ground, the extracted vapors or liquid-phase |      |
|      |     organic and groundwater are separated and treated  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, replacing materials or components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the pumps and collect |      |
|      |     the contaminants.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DRAWDOWN PUMPING**                                   | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 23** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using draw-down pumping to pump light,             | YR** |
|      |     non-aqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) and groundwater   |      |
|      |     from recovery wells or trenches. Pumping removes   |      |
|      |     water and lowers the water table near the          |      |
|      |     extraction area to create a cone of depression.    |      |
|      |     The cone of depression in the vicinity of the      |      |
|      |     extraction well produces a gravity head that       |      |
|      |     pushes flow of LNAPL toward the well and increases |      |
|      |     the thickness of the LNAPL layer in the well. Each |      |
|      |     foot of groundwater depression provides a driving  |      |
|      |     head equivalent to a pressure difference of 0.45   |      |
|      |     psi. In most cases, the production of a cone of    |      |
|      |     depression will increase LNAPL recovery rates.     |      |
|      |     Pumping may be accomplished with one or two pumps. |      |
|      |     In the single-pump configuration, one pump         |      |
|      |     withdraws both water and LNAPL. The two-pump       |      |
|      |     configuration uses one pump located below the      |      |
|      |     water table to remove water and a second pump      |      |
|      |     located in the LNAPL layer to recover LNAPL. A     |      |
|      |     single pump system reduces capital and operating   |      |
|      |     costs and allows simpler control systems and       |      |
|      |     operation but produces a stream of mixed water and |      |
|      |     LNAPL that must be separated.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, replacing materials or components,      |      |
|      |     clearing the area, making repairs, and performing  |      |
|      |     other activities to maintain the pumps and collect |      |
|      |     the contaminants.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (USE NUMBERS 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .25. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other in-situ physical        | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment facilities.                              | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, replacing materials, clearing the area, |      |
|      |     and repairing in-situ physical treatment           |      |
|      |     equipment.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **EX-SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT**                         |      |
| 26** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### AERATION                                           | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using aeration to bring air and water, soil,       | YR** |
|      |     sludge, or other contaminated media into contact   |      |
|      |     to promote biological degradation or oxidation.    |      |
|      |     Aeration can be accomplished by a variety of       |      |
|      |     methods including tilling the land, air            |      |
|      |     compressors, blowers, and sprinkler systems.       |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing feed materials, cleaning |      |
|      |     the area and repairing components.                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ADVANCED ELECTRICAL REACTOR**                        | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using an advanced electrical reactor to incinerate | YR** |
|      |     wastes within a reactor core heated by             |      |
|      |     electrically heated carbon electrodes (which are   |      |
|      |     insulated by nitrogen gas). This element includes  |      |
|      |     reactor ownership/rental, feeders for solids and   |      |
|      |     nozzles for liquids, and post-reactor treatment.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing equipment, cleaning the  |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **AGGLOMERATION**                                      | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | > This element includes construction associated with   | ^3^/ |
|      | > using agglomeration to transform sludge into dry,    | YR** |
|      | > dense pellets by batch mixing sludge with an         |      |
|      | > agglomeration agent.                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, cleaning the  |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **AIR STRIPPING**                                      | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     air stripping to physically transfer dissolved     | YR** |
|      |     molecules from a liquid waste stream to a flowing  |      |
|      |     gas. Air stripping is normally carried out as a    |      |
|      |     continuous operation that employs a packed tower,  |      |
|      |     where liquid waste is pumped near the top of a     |      |
|      |     stripping column and flows down through an upward  |      |
|      |     airflow. As the airflow contacts the liquid        |      |
|      |     wastes, the volatile organic are stripped from the |      |
|      |     liquid waste. This element does not include        |      |
|      |     extracting or pumping contaminated groundwater.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as utility costs,      |      |
|      |     treatment unit inspection, cleaning the area, and  |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CHELATION**                                          | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using chelation to remove toxic metals from soil,  | YR** |
|      |     sludge, or liquids. Metals contained in the soil,  |      |
|      |     sludge, or liquids are contacted with an aqueous   |      |
|      |     solution containing a chelating agent. The         |      |
|      |     resulting slurry is dewatered, or the chelating    |      |
|      |     agent combined with the toxic metal is sent to a   |      |
|      |     storage or treatment plant. Assemblies include     |      |
|      |     conveyors, water or storage tanks, mixing devices, |      |
|      |     dewatering devices, and pumps and associated       |      |
|      |     piping and valves.                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit or reactor, preparing chemicals,    |      |
|      |     cleaning areas, and repairing components.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CRUSHING**                                           | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installation of equipment    | ^3^/ |
|      |     used to crush or reduce sizes of rocks, concrete,  | YR** |
|      |     concrete asphalt, or bricks by applying pressure.  |      |
|      |     The crushing is completed ex- situ.                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     crushing unit, cleaning the area, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **COMPACTION/VOLUME REDUCTION**                        | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes installation of a compactor  | ^3^/ |
|      |     unit that uses physical force to reduce the volume | YR** |
|      |     of solids, thereby easing handling,                |      |
|      |     transportation, storage, and disposal of the       |      |
|      |     waste.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     compactor unit, cleaning the area, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SPRAY DRYER**                                        | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element involves constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using a process that accepts feed in fluid state   | YR** |
|      |     and convert it into a dried particulate form by    |      |
|      |     spraying the fluid into a hot drying medium. Feed  |      |
|      |     is sprayed using high pressure nozzle,             |      |
|      |     high-pressure air, or fluid nozzles. The heating   |      |
|      |     method of drying air can be of either steam coils  |      |
|      |     or thermic fluid or air heater according to the    |      |
|      |     service conditions available. The fines produced   |      |
|      |     are taken out and the final powder gets collected  |      |
|      |     at the bottom.                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     dryer unit, cleaning the area, and repairing       |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DECANT/PHASE SEPARATION**                            | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element involves using decant separation to   | ^3^/ |
|      |     separate liquids from the sediment that has        | YR** |
|      |     settled to the bottom of the tank or basin. This   |      |
|      |     element includes the cost of decant equipment,     |      |
|      |     tanks (water, chemical, waste storage),            |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls, pumping or liquid    |      |
|      |     transfer, and associated piping.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the decant unit,     |      |
|      |     cleaning the area, and repairing components.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISSOLVED AIR FLOATATION**                           | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes using dissolved air          | ^3^/ |
|      |     floatation as a pretreatment to separate suspended | YR** |
|      |     solids, oil, and grease from wastewater without    |      |
|      |     using chemicals. Gas bubbles are brought out of    |      |
|      |     solution and into contact with contaminants in the |      |
|      |     waste stream. These gas bubbles attach to the      |      |
|      |     contaminants and lift them to the surface.         |      |
|      |     Assemblies include pressurization units, discharge |      |
|      |     heads, associated piping, transfer pumps, and      |      |
|      |     tanks.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the area, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISTILLATION**                                       | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction of a            | ^3^/ |
|      |     distillation facility to purify liquids through    | YR** |
|      |     boiling so that the steam condenses to a pure      |      |
|      |     liquid and the pollutants remain in a concentrated |      |
|      |     residue. The process involves two basic phases,    |      |
|      |     the liquid phase and the vapor phase. The          |      |
|      |     components to be separated by distillation are     |      |
|      |     present in both phases but in different            |      |
|      |     concentrations. If there are only two components   |      |
|      |     in the liquid, one concentrates in the condensed   |      |
|      |     vapor (condensate) and the other in the residual   |      |
|      |     liquid. If there are more than two components, the |      |
|      |     less volatile components concentrate in the        |      |
|      |     residual liquid and the more volatile in the vapor |      |
|      |     condensate. This element includes the cost of the  |      |
|      |     distillation unit, cooling systems, piping, pumps, |      |
|      |     instrumentation and control, and other             |      |
|      |     miscellaneous items.                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the area, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### E-BEAM                                             | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring and installing     |  M^3 |
|      |     electron beam treatment technology to destroy      | ^/YR |
|      |     organic-contaminated wastewater, soil, sediments,  |      |
|      |     or sludge suspended in an aqueous matrix. The      |      |
|      |     high-energy electron beam generates strongly       |      |
|      |     reducing reactive species and strongly oxidizing   |      |
|      |     reactive species at the same time and in almost    |      |
|      |     the same concentration in the solution. The        |      |
|      |     reactive transient initiates the chemical          |      |
|      |     reactions that are capable of destroying hazardous |      |
|      |     compounds in aqueous solution, in most cases       |      |
|      |     transforming them into carbon dioxide, water, and  |      |
|      |     salt.                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the area, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION**                          | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using electrochemical oxidation to create ions for | YR** |
|      |     electrochemically oxidizing aqueous organic        |      |
|      |     liquid, organic liquid, and some organic solids    |      |
|      |     into carbon dioxide and water. The process         |      |
|      |     requires an electrochemical cell in which the      |      |
|      |     anode and cathodes are present; electric current   |      |
|      |     flows through the cell, causing chemical reaction  |      |
|      |     in the electrolyte.                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, cleaning the  |      |
|      |     area, and repairing components.                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .26. |                                                        |      |
| 14** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ELECTROLYSIS**                                       | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using electrolysis to oxidize substances at the    | YR** |
|      |     anode and reduce substances at the cathode.        |      |
|      |     Electrolysis is the process in which reduction and |      |
|      |     oxidation reactions take place at the surface of   |      |
|      |     conductive electrodes immersed in an electrolyte   |      |
|      |     under the influence of an applied potential.       |      |
|      |     Assemblies include trough-shaped elongated cells,  |      |
|      |     monitoring equipment, and anode and cathode        |      |
|      |     material.                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the electrolytes, and     |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| *    | **EQUALIZATION**                                       | **M^ |
| *26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 16** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction of an           | ^3^/ |
|      |     equalization process in which collected            | YR** |
|      |     waste-water is mixed to produce a homogenous       |      |
|      |     solution that is discharged to a treatment plant.  |      |
|      |     Blending is used to even out variations in         |      |
|      |     contaminated soils and sludge, similar to          |      |
|      |     equal-ization. Equalization is used to maintain    |      |
|      |     stability and to reduce disruptions in a treatment |      |
|      |     system. Assemblies include mixers, aerators,       |      |
|      |     discharging pumps, and equalization tank.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspection,         |      |
|      |     cleaning, and repairing components.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **EVAPORATION**                                        | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 17** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an evaporation  | ^3^/ |
|      |     unit to treat organic material that can be removed | YR** |
|      |     by heat or to reduce the volume of liquids or the  |      |
|      |     high moisture content in wastes. Evaporation       |      |
|      |     increases the concentration of contaminants in the |      |
|      |     waste media. Evaporation is usually conducted      |      |
|      |     under vacuum conditions to reduce atmospheric      |      |
|      |     pressure promotes evaporation. Or the surface area |      |
|      |     of the tank is increased to further promote        |      |
|      |     evaporation. Assemblies include simple stills,     |      |
|      |     flash and circulation evaporators, rotors, and     |      |
|      |     heaters.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspection,         |      |
|      |     cleaning, and repairing components.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION**                              | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 18** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using soil vapor extraction (SVE) to remove VOCs   | YR** |
|      |     from soil by pulling air through the soil. The     |      |
|      |     air/vapor is moved by means of a blower or vacuum  |      |
|      |     pump connected to reactors or cells via piping. Or |      |
|      |     the excavated soil can be placed in a network of   |      |
|      |     aboveground piping to which a vacuum is applied to |      |
|      |     encourage volatilization of organics. Soil piles   |      |
|      |     are generally covered with a geomembrane to        |      |
|      |     prevent volatile emissions and to prevent the soil |      |
|      |     from becoming saturated by precipitation.          |      |
|      |     Associated equipment includes condensate-handling  |      |
|      |     devices, instrumentation and controls, and in most |      |
|      |     cases, off-gas treatment equipment. SVE differs    |      |
|      |     from vapor/gas venting and collection listed under |      |
|      |     Gas/Vapor Collection Trench System (X.16.01).      |      |
|      |     Activities associated with SVE may include Air     |      |
|      |     Sparging (X.25.02).                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the components, and       |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FILTER PRESSES**                                     | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 19** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using filter presses for sludge dewatering. Filter | YR** |
|      |     presses consist of chamber filter plates between   |      |
|      |     which sludge is pumped. Under high pressure, the   |      |
|      |     plates are forced together, which effectively      |      |
|      |     dewaters the sludge. The resulting sludge cake is  |      |
|      |     discharged from the filter press. Assemblies       |      |
|      |     include filter press ownership/rental costs,       |      |
|      |     sludge transfer and feed pumps, chemical feed and  |      |
|      |     storage equipment, sludge storage and conditioning |      |
|      |     tanks, mixers, belt filter, vacuum filter, drying  |      |
|      |     beds, and necessary pipe work.                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     filter press unit, cleaning the area, and          |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### MEDIA FILTRATION                                   | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 20** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using media filtration to separate microparticles  | YR** |
|      |     suspended in a liquid or gaseous fluid by forcing  |      |
|      |     the fluid through a porous medium. As the fluid    |      |
|      |     passes through the medium, the suspended particles |      |
|      |     are trapped on the surface of the medium or within |      |
|      |     the body of the medium. The pressure differential  |      |
|      |     to move the fluid through the medium can be        |      |
|      |     induced by gravity, positive pressure, or vacuum   |      |
|      |     application. The most common system for media      |      |
|      |     filtration is through a layered bed of granular    |      |
|      |     media, usually a coarse anthracite coal and sand.  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     filtration unit, cleaning or backwashing, and      |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FREEZE CRYSTALIZATION**                              | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 21** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using freeze crystallization to remove purified    | YR** |
|      |     solvent from solution as frozen crystals. When a   |      |
|      |     solution containing dissolved contaminants is      |      |
|      |     slowly frozen, water ice crystals form on the      |      |
|      |     surface, and the contaminants are concentrated in  |      |
|      |     the remaining solution (called \"mother liquor\"). |      |
|      |     The ice crystals can be separated from the mother  |      |
|      |     liquor, washed, and melted to yield a nearly pure  |      |
|      |     water stream. The contaminated waste stream,       |      |
|      |     mother liquor, and any precipitated solids, are    |      |
|      |     generally more amenable to subsequent treatment by |      |
|      |     conventional destruction and stabilization         |      |
|      |     technologies due to the higher concentrations.     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     crystallization unit, cleaning the area, and       |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .26. |                                                        |      |
| 22** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION - LIQUID**      | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 23** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using activated carbon adsorption to remove        | YR** |
|      |     organic contaminants from liquid waste streams.    |      |
|      |     Granular activated carbon is applied in a          |      |
|      |     stationary column or filter bed where organic      |      |
|      |     contaminants are adsorbed. Items associated with   |      |
|      |     carbon adsorption are isotherm tests, granular     |      |
|      |     activated carbon columns, pre-filters, and items   |      |
|      |     associated with regenerating the spent carbon.     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     carbon unit, cleaning or regenerating the carbon,  |      |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION**                             | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 24** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This includes constructing a facility for using    | ^3^/ |
|      |     heavy media separation to separate materials of    | YR** |
|      |     differing density by float/sink in a colloidal     |      |
|      |     suspension of a finely ground dense mineral. This  |      |
|      |     suspension, or media, usually consists of a        |      |
|      |     water-suspension of magnetite, galena, or          |      |
|      |     ferrosilicon.                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     separation unit, cleaning the area, and repairing  |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HIGH-PRESSURE AQUEOUS DESTRUCTION**                  | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 25** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using surface cleaning technologies that use water | YR** |
|      |     under high-pressure to remove contaminants from    |      |
|      |     soils, solids, and structures. This process may be |      |
|      |     used in conjunction with surfactants and solvents  |      |
|      |     for cleaning and decontamination.                  |      |
|      |     Ultrahigh-pressure water jet equipment can also be |      |
|      |     use as a cutting tool.                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the unit, and repairing   |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **LIGNIN ADSORPTION/SORPTIVE CLAYS**                   | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 26** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using lignin adsorption/sorptive clays to treat    | YR** |
|      |     aqueous waste streams with organic, inorganic, and |      |
|      |     heavy metals contamination. The waste stream is    |      |
|      |     treated by the molecular adhesion of the           |      |
|      |     contaminants to an adsorptive surface.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, and repairing |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### MAGNETIC SEPARATION                                | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 27** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using magnetic separation to extract slightly      | ^/YR |
|      |     magnetic radioactive particles from host media     |      |
|      |     such as water, soil, or air. All uranium and       |      |
|      |     plutonium compounds are slightly magnetic while    |      |
|      |     most host media are nonmagnetic. The process       |      |
|      |     operates by passing contaminated fluid or slurry   |      |
|      |     through a magnetized volume. The magnetized volume |      |
|      |     contains a magnetic matrix material such as steel  |      |
|      |     wool or spherical steel balls that extract the     |      |
|      |     slightly magnetic contamination particles from the |      |
|      |     slurry.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, cleaning the components, and       |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MEMBRANE SEPARATION - ELECTRODIALYSIS**              | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 28** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using electrodialysis to remove dissolved salts,   | YR** |
|      |     soluble silica, and organic materials from waste   |      |
|      |     streams and to concentrate the dissolved heavy     |      |
|      |     metal. Assemblies include water storage tanks,     |      |
|      |     associated pumps, piping, and valves, and          |      |
|      |     backwashing of contaminated membranes.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REVERSE OSMOSIS**                                    | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 29** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using reverse osmosis to remove dissolved salts,   | YR** |
|      |     soluble silica, colloids, and organic molecules    |      |
|      |     from waste streams. Wastewater is collected and    |      |
|      |     sent through a reverse osmosis system under        |      |
|      |     pressure (200-1200 psig). The reverse osmosis      |      |
|      |     system first filters, then concentrates, waste     |      |
|      |     materials while water easily passes through. The   |      |
|      |     secondary waste (brine) needs to be treated        |      |
|      |     further or disposed of. The membrane can be made   |      |
|      |     of cellulose acetate, thin film composites, or     |      |
|      |     various polymers. There are also several membrane  |      |
|      |     configurations with varying membrane areas within  |      |
|      |     the modules. Equipment includes reverse osmosis    |      |
|      |     membranes, containment modules, chemical feed      |      |
|      |     (usually acid), high-pressure pumps, storage       |      |
|      |     tanks, piping, and instrumentation and controls.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, replacing     |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OIL/WATER SEPARATION**                               | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 30** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing an oil-water    | ^3^/ |
|      |     separator for separating oil and water using the   | YR** |
|      |     differences in their densities and gravitational   |      |
|      |     pull.                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SEDIMENTATION**                                      | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 31** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using sedimentation, a physical process by which   | YR** |
|      |     particles suspended in a liquid are made to settle |      |
|      |     by means of gravitational and inertial forces      |      |
|      |     acting on both the particles suspended in the      |      |
|      |     liquid and the liquid itself.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SHREDDING**                                          | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 32** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes shredding large solid wastes | ^3^/ |
|      |     and process drums and their contents. Necessary    | YR** |
|      |     equipment includes conveyors and rotary shear      |      |
|      |     shredders.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the treatment unit,  |      |
|      |     replacing components, and repairing equipment.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | #### SIE                                               | **M^ |
| .26. | VING (SIZE SEPARATION, SCREENING, PHYSICAL SEPARATION) | 3^** |
| 33** |                                                        |      |
|      | #### Phase 4                                           | #### |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^/YR |
|      |     using sieves to separate smaller materials from    |      |
|      |     larger materials. Physical separation is based on  |      |
|      |     the fact that most organic and inorganic           |      |
|      |     contaminants tend to bind, either chemically or    |      |
|      |     physically, to the fine (i.e., clay and silt)      |      |
|      |     fraction of a soil. The clay and silt soil         |      |
|      |     particles are, in turn, physically bound to the    |      |
|      |     coarser sand and gravel particles by compaction    |      |
|      |     and adhesion. Thus, separating the fine clay and   |      |
|      |     silt particles from the coarser sand and gravel    |      |
|      |     soil particles effectively concentrates the        |      |
|      |     contaminants into a smaller volume of soil that    |      |
|      |     could then be further treated or disposed.         |      |
|      |     Equipment includes conveyers, storage tanks,       |      |
|      |     sieves or screens, and other equipment. This       |      |
|      |     element also includes straining contaminated water |      |
|      |     or wastewater to remove sludge and coarse solid    |      |
|      |     materials. Items include in this element are       |      |
|      |     pumps, piping, storage tanks, valves, and other    |      |
|      |     equipment.                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SKIMMING                                             | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 34** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a skimming      |  M^3 |
|      |     facility to remove or collect floating material at | ^/YR |
|      |     the top of contaminated media. Skimming can be     |      |
|      |     used to separate oil from water, liquid of         |      |
|      |     different densities, solids from liquids, etc.     |      |
|      |     Skimming devices include rotating arms, vacuuming  |      |
|      |     devices, scrapers, belt skimmers or rope wicks     |      |
|      |     made of oleophilic or hydrophobic material, a      |      |
|      |     floating filter mesh with high affinity for        |      |
|      |     non-polar hydrocarbons, and other devices.         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOIL WASHING (SURFACTANT/SOLVENT)**                  | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 35** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^3^/ |
|      |     using soil washing as an ex-situ separation        | YR** |
|      |     technology that uses a fluid (usually water or     |      |
|      |     water with wash-improving additives) to remove     |      |
|      |     hazardous, toxic, or radioactive contaminants from |      |
|      |     excavated soils, sludge, and sediments. The soil   |      |
|      |     is rinsed to remove any excess surfactants, while  |      |
|      |     the liquids are treated as contaminated liquids.   |      |
|      |     Assemblies include conveyors, screens, tanks,      |      |
|      |     dewatering devices, associated piping and valves,  |      |
|      |     and liquid waste treatment units. Refer to Soil    |      |
|      |     Flushing (Surfactant/Solvent) (X.23.05), Glycolate |      |
|      |     Alkali Metal/Polyethylene Glycol (A/PEG)           |      |
|      |     (X.24.01), Dehalogenation (Catalytic               |      |
|      |     Dechlorination) (X.24.05), and Solvent Extraction  |      |
|      |     (X.24.11) (which uses an organic chemical to       |      |
|      |     dissolve, separate and concentrate organic         |      |
|      |     contaminants) for in situ treatment.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, replacing     |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOLIDS DEWATERING/DRYING**                           | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 36** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | #### |
|      |     using solid dewatering to remove water, moisture,  |  M^3 |
|      |     liquids, or fluids by filtration, centrifugation,  | ^/YR |
|      |     open air drying, vacuum suction, or other          |      |
|      |     mechanical or evaporative method. Dewatering or    |      |
|      |     drying also reduces volume and, thereby, increases |      |
|      |     the ease of handling waste. Dewatered sludge is    |      |
|      |     disposed of by burning or being sent to a          |      |
|      |     landfill. This element does not include dewatering |      |
|      |     through the use of a filter press, see Filter      |      |
|      |     Presses (X.26.19).                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # SPRINKLER IRRIGATION                                 | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 37** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   Construct a sprinkler irrigation system to         |  M^3 |
|      |     volatilize VOCs from contaminated wastewater. The  | ^/YR |
|      |     process involves the pressurized distribution of   |      |
|      |     VOC-laden water through a standard sprinkler       |      |
|      |     irrigation system. Sprinkler irrigation transfers  |      |
|      |     VOCs from the dissolved aqueous phase to the vapor |      |
|      |     phase, whereby the VOCs are released directly to   |      |
|      |     the atmosphere.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION**                           | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 38** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using the supercritical extraction process to      | ^/YR |
|      |     dissolve organic constituents of a waste stream    |      |
|      |     after mixing the waste with a gas (such as carbon  |      |
|      |     dioxide, propane, or butane) pressurized to the    |      |
|      |     supercritical state. The enhanced solubility of    |      |
|      |     the fluid, due to the high pressures and           |      |
|      |     temperatures, aid in the removal of the wastes.    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### SURFACTANT ENHANCED RECOVERY                       | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 39** | ### Phase 4                                            |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   Construct a facility for applying surfactant       |  M^3 |
|      |     micelles or steam to the groundwater to facilitate | ^/YR |
|      |     pumping by increasing the mobility and solubility  |      |
|      |     of the contaminants sorbed to the soil matrix.     |      |
|      |     Surfactant micelles can also facilitate the        |      |
|      |     entrainment of hydrophobic contaminants to allow   |      |
|      |     removal and assures that multiphase contaminants   |      |
|      |     can be effectively removed. Thus the process can   |      |
|      |     increase the contaminant mass removal per pore     |      |
|      |     volume of ground-water flushing through the        |      |
|      |     contaminated zone. The implementation of           |      |
|      |     surfactant-enhanced recovery requires the          |      |
|      |     injection of surfactants into a contaminated       |      |
|      |     aquifer. Typical systems use a pump to extract     |      |
|      |     groundwater some distance from the injection       |      |
|      |     point. The extracted groundwater is treated        |      |
|      |     ex-situ to separate the injected surfactants from  |      |
|      |     the contaminants and groundwater. To be            |      |
|      |     cost-effective, the design of the                  |      |
|      |     surfactant-enhanced recovery system is critical.   |      |
|      |     When the surfactants have been separated from the  |      |
|      |     groundwater, they can be re-injected into the      |      |
|      |     subsurface. Contaminants must be separated from    |      |
|      |     the groundwater and treated prior to discharge of  |      |
|      |     the extracted groundwater.                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ###                                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ### Phase 5                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment**.**                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### SYNTHETIC RESIN ADSORPTION                         | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 40** | ### Phase 4                                            |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using synthetic resin absorption to absorb and     | ^/YR |
|      |     capture contaminants onto a resin in a liquid or   |      |
|      |     gaseous stream. Synthetic resins are more durable  |      |
|      |     than natural adsorbents and provide large surface  |      |
|      |     area and higher adsorption capacity for organic    |      |
|      |     molecules**.**                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ### Phase 5                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, regenerating resin, replacing      |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment**.**           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### GRAVITY SEPARATION                             | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 41** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using gravity separation, which relies on a        | ^/YR |
|      |     density difference between phases, as a            |      |
|      |     solid/liquid separation process. Equipment size    |      |
|      |     and effectiveness of gravity separation depends on |      |
|      |     the settling velocity of the solid, which is a     |      |
|      |     function of particle size, density difference,     |      |
|      |     fluid viscosity, and particle concentration        |      |
|      |     (hindered settling). Gravity separation is also    |      |
|      |     used for removing immiscible oil phases and for    |      |
|      |     classification where particles of different sizes  |      |
|      |     are separated. It is often preceded by coagulation |      |
|      |     and flocculation to increase particle size,        |      |
|      |     thereby allowing removal of fine particles.        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, replacing components, and          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **CRYOGENICS**                                         | **   |
| .26. |                                                        | EA** |
| 42** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | # E  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | A/YR |
|      |     using cryogenics to defuse unexploded munitions by |      |
|      |     freezing the munitions and destroying them by      |      |
|      |     smashing the device and breaking them apart. This  |      |
|      |     element includes equipment for freezing the        |      |
|      |     munitions, facility for destroying the frozen      |      |
|      |     munitions, and other auxiliary equipment.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting          |      |
|      |     equipment, operating equipment, replacing          |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### NANOFILTRATION                                 | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 43** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using nanofiltration, a process similar to reverse | ^/YR |
|      |     osmosis, to remove certain dissolved salts,        |      |
|      |     soluble silica, colloids, and organic molecules    |      |
|      |     from liquid waste streams. Wastewater is collected |      |
|      |     and sent through a nanofiltration system under     |      |
|      |     pressure, usually less than that of the reverse    |      |
|      |     osmosis system (75-250 psi.). The nanofiltration   |      |
|      |     system first filters, then concentrates, waste     |      |
|      |     materials while water easily passes through.       |      |
|      |     Equipment includes membranes, containment modules, |      |
|      |     chemical feed (usually acid), pressure pumps,      |      |
|      |     instrumentation and control, and storage tanks.    |      |
|      |     Treatment or disposal of the concentrate or brine  |      |
|      |     is not included in this element.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, preparing chemicals, replacing     |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ULTRAFILTRATION/MICROFILTRATION**                    | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 44** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ^3^/ |
|      |     using ultrafiltration and microfiltration,         | YR** |
|      |     low-pressure membranes (10-75 psi) to treat        |      |
|      |     contaminated water and other liquids. This is the  |      |
|      |     physical process whereby microparticles suspended  |      |
|      |     in a liquid or gaseous fluid are separated by      |      |
|      |     forcing the fluid through a porous membrane. As    |      |
|      |     the fluid passes through the membrane, the larger  |      |
|      |     suspended particles are trapped on the surface of  |      |
|      |     the membrane. The size of the membrane pores       |      |
|      |     varies and there are numerous membrane materials   |      |
|      |     and configurations. Equipment includes membranes,  |      |
|      |     containment modules, chemical feed (usually acid), |      |
|      |     pressure pumps, instrumentation and control, and   |      |
|      |     storage tanks.                                     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     filtration unit, cleaning the area, and repairing  |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MEMBRANE PERVAPORATION**                             | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 45** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using membrane pervaporation, a process that uses  | ^/YR |
|      |     permeable membranes that preferentially adsorb     |      |
|      |     VOCs from contaminated water. Contaminated water   |      |
|      |     first passes through a heat exchanger, raising the |      |
|      |     water temperature. The heated water then enters    |      |
|      |     the pervaporation module, containing membranes     |      |
|      |     composed of a nonporous organophilic polymer,      |      |
|      |     similar to silicone rubber, formed into capillary  |      |
|      |     fibers. VOCs diffuse by vacuum from the            |      |
|      |     membrane-water interface through the membrane      |      |
|      |     wall. Treated water exits the pervaporation module |      |
|      |     while the organic vapors travel from the module to |      |
|      |     a condenser where they return to the liquid phase. |      |
|      |     The condensed organic materials represent only a   |      |
|      |     fraction of the initial wastewater volume and may  |      |
|      |     be subsequently disposed of at a cost saving.      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operations and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, operating the unit, replacing      |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment.               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .26. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other ex-situ physical        | ^3^/ |
|      |     treatment.                                         | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, replacing materials, clearing the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing other ex-situ physical treatment.    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | # IN-SITU THERMAL TREATMENT                            | #    |
| 27** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### THERMAL BLANKET (WITH VACUUM EXTRACTION)           | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This includes constructing a thermal blanket to    |  M^2 |
|      |     vaporize contaminants by heating soils to the      | ^/YR |
|      |     boiling point of the contaminant. Contaminated     |      |
|      |     vapors are then drawn out of the soil by a vacuum  |      |
|      |     unit and treated in an off-gas unit. A thermal     |      |
|      |     blanket comprises a steel box with a layer of      |      |
|      |     steel webbing at the bottom. Heating elements,     |      |
|      |     through which heat is transferred to the soil      |      |
|      |     below, are woven. The blanket is placed above the  |      |
|      |     contaminated soil, and a layer of vermiculite      |      |
|      |     insulation is placed 12-18 inches thick above the  |      |
|      |     blanket. This ensures a complete seal between the  |      |
|      |     blanket and the contaminated soil. Thermal         |      |
|      |     blankets are effective on contaminants located to  |      |
|      |     a depth of approximately 3 feet.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes treatment unit operation and |      |
|      |     maintenance. Activities include monitoring the     |      |
|      |     equipment and processes, and replacing consumable  |      |
|      |     materials and parts.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SIX-PHASE HEATING AND EXTRACTION**                   | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a treatment     |  M^3 |
|      |     unit that combines six-phase soil heating with     | ^/YR |
|      |     soil vapor extraction. Six-phase electrical        |      |
|      |     heating splits conventional three-phase            |      |
|      |     electricity into six electrical phases, producing  |      |
|      |     an improved subsurface heat distribution. Heating  |      |
|      |     raises the vapor pressure of volatile and          |      |
|      |     semi-volatile contaminants, increasing the removal |      |
|      |     capabilities of the soil vapor extraction system.  |      |
|      |     Heating also dries the soil and creates steam,     |      |
|      |     which increases permeability and strips            |      |
|      |     contaminants that may not be removed by the        |      |
|      |     conventional soil vapor extraction system.         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes the operation and            |      |
|      |     maintenance of the treatment unit. Activities      |      |
|      |     include monitoring the equipment and processes,    |      |
|      |     replacing consumable materials, and replacing      |      |
|      |     parts.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                        | ###  |
| .27. |                                                        |      |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STEAM/HOT WATER INJECTION VACUUM EXTRACTION**        | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using in-situ steam extraction to remove           | ^/YR |
|      |     hydrocarbons from contaminated soils by the        |      |
|      |     continuous pumping of steam and heated compressed  |      |
|      |     air and the recovery of the subsequently           |      |
|      |     contaminated water and off-gas. The resultant      |      |
|      |     air-stream is treated (by carbon adsorption,       |      |
|      |     catalytic oxidation, or other means), compressed,  |      |
|      |     and returned to the soil being treated. The        |      |
|      |     condensed water is removed from the liquid stream  |      |
|      |     with a gravity separator followed by treatment to  |      |
|      |     remove dissolved organics. The condensed organics  |      |
|      |     are collected and held for recycling or disposal.  |      |
|      |     Assemblies include drilling injection and          |      |
|      |     extraction wells and vacuum pumps.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     inspecting the treatment unit, replacing           |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment. The cost of   |      |
|      |     energy also is included.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION                  | #    |
| .27. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | # Phase 4                                              | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | #    |
|      |     using high-temperature thermal desorption to heat  |  M^3 |
|      |     (directly or indirectly) contaminated media such   | ^/YR |
|      |     as soil, sediments, sludge, and filter cakes to    |      |
|      |     315 ^o^C-537^o^C (600 °F-1000 °F), driving off     | #    |
|      |     water and volatile contaminants. The volatile      |      |
|      |     contaminants may be burned in an afterburner,      | #    |
|      |     condensed to reduce the volume to be disposed of,  |      |
|      |     oxidized through catalytic oxidation, or captured  | #    |
|      |     by carbon adsorption beds. Auxiliary equipment     |      |
|      |     includes heating units, shredders, conveyors,      | #    |
|      |     blowers, fuel system, instrumentation and          |      |
|      |     controls, bag houses, scrubbers, and treated-      | #    |
|      |     material handling systems. At high temperatures,   |      |
|      |     decontaminated soil may not retain its physical    | #    |
|      |     properties and components in the soil may be       |      |
|      |     damaged, which usually prevents treated soil from  | #    |
|      |     supporting future biological activity**.**         |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | # Phase 5                                              |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  | #    |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment. The cost of energy also is    | #    |
|      |     included**.**                                      |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      |                                                        | ^/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                        | #    |
| .27. |                                                        |      |
| 06** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION                   | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | # Phase 4                                              |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |      |
|      |     using low-temperature thermal desorption to heat   | #    |
|      |     (directly or indirectly) contaminated media such   |  M^3 |
|      |     as soil, sediments, sludge and filter cakes to     | ^/YR |
|      |     93°C to 315°C (200°F-600°F), driving off water and |      |
|      |     volatile contaminants. The volatile contaminants   |      |
|      |     may be burned in an afterburner, condensed to      |      |
|      |     reduce the volume to be disposed of, oxidized      |      |
|      |     through catalytic oxidation, or captured by carbon |      |
|      |     adsorption beds. Auxiliary equipment includes      |      |
|      |     heating units, shredders, conveyors, blowers, fuel |      |
|      |     system, instrumentation and controls, bag houses,  |      |
|      |     scrubbers, and treated-material handling systems.  |      |
|      |     At low temperatures, decontaminated soil retains   |      |
|      |     its physical properties and components in the soil |      |
|      |     are not damaged, which enables treated soil to     |      |
|      |     retain the ability to support future biological    |      |
|      |     activity**.**                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # Phase 5                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment units, inspecting treat-ment      |      |
|      |     units, replacing components, and repairing         |      |
|      |     equipment. The cost of energy is included.         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # RADIOFREQUENCY/ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING               | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using radio frequency/magnetic heating to remove   | ^/YR |
|      |     contaminants such as oil, gasoline, diesel fuel,   |      |
|      |     carbon tetrachloride, hexane, chloroform, and      |      |
|      |     other constituents from liquid containing soils    |      |
|      |     and solids at elevated temperatures                |      |
|      |     (100°C-400^o^C). To implement the radiofrequency   |      |
|      |     heating technology, electrodes must be placed in a |      |
|      |     borehole in the ground. Components also include    |      |
|      |     vapor extraction tubes or piping, vapor barrier,   |      |
|      |     condenser/ coolers, gas/liquid separator, storage  |      |
|      |     tanks, off-gas treatment unit, pumps and blowers,  |      |
|      |     and instrumentation and controls.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit, inspecting the equipment,   |      |
|      |     and replacing consumables and components. The cost |      |
|      |     of utilities is included.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # OTHER                                                | **M^ |
| .27. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   Construct or install other in-situ thermal         |  M^3 |
|      |     treatment units.                                   | ^/YR |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # Phase 5                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as operating and       |      |
|      |     inspecting the unit, replacing materials, clearing |      |
|      |     the area, and repairing other in-situ thermal      |      |
|      |     treatment units.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **EX-SITU THERMAL TREATMENT**                          |      |
| 28** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION                  | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | # Phase 4                                              |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   Construct a facility for using high-temperature    |      |
|      |     thermal desorption to heat (directly or            | #    |
|      |     indirectly) contaminated media such as soil,       |      |
|      |     sediments, sludge, and filter cakes to 315°C-538°C | #    |
|      |     (600°F-1000°F), driving off water and volatile     |      |
|      |     contaminants. Volatile contaminants may be burned  | #    |
|      |     in an afterburner, condensed to reduce the         |      |
|      |     disposal volume, oxidized through catalytic        | #    |
|      |     oxidation, or captured by carbon adsorption beds.  |  M^3 |
|      |     Equipment includes heating units, shredders,       | ^/YR |
|      |     conveyors, blowers, fuel system, instrumentation   |      |
|      |     and controls, bag houses, scrubbers, and           |      |
|      |     treated-material handling systems. At high         |      |
|      |     temperatures, decontaminated soil may not retain   |      |
|      |     its physical properties and components in the soil |      |
|      |     may be damaged, which usually prevents treated     |      |
|      |     soil from supporting future biological activity.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | #                                                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # Phase 5                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, including unit inspection,     |      |
|      |     component replacement, and equipment repair. The   |      |
|      |     cost of energy is included.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **INCINERATION**                                       | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes installing incineration      |  M^3 |
|      |     technologies to destroy wastes by burning them in  | ^/YR |
|      |     combustion chambers and using energy recovery      |      |
|      |     devices. Incineration technologies include         |      |
|      |     fluidized bed, rotary kiln, multiple hearth,       |      |
|      |     infrared, circulating bed, liquid injection,       |      |
|      |     pyrolysis, plasma torch, and wet air oxidation.    |      |
|      |     Incineration is accomplished by oxidative or       |      |
|      |     pyrolytic methods in the combustion chamber.       |      |
|      |     Auxiliary equipment includes shredders, conveyors, |      |
|      |     blowers, fuel system, instrumentation and          |      |
|      |     controls, bag houses, scrubbers, and               |      |
|      |     treated-material handling systems.                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment. The cost of energy is         |      |
|      |     included.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION                   | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | # Phase 4                                              |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |      |
|      |     using low-temperature thermal desorption to heat   | #    |
|      |     (directly or indirectly) contaminated media such   |      |
|      |     as soil, sediments, sludge and filter cakes to     | #    |
|      |     93°C-315°C (200°F-600°F), driving off water and    |  M^3 |
|      |     volatile contaminants. The volatile contaminants   | ^/YR |
|      |     may be burned in an afterburner, condensed to      |      |
|      |     reduce the volume to be disposed of, oxidized      |      |
|      |     through catalytic oxidation, or captured by carbon |      |
|      |     adsorption beds. Equipment includes heating units, |      |
|      |     shredders, conveyors, blowers, fuel system,        |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls, bag houses,          |      |
|      |     scrubbers, and treated-material handling systems.  |      |
|      |     At low temperatures, decontaminated soil retains   |      |
|      |     its physical properties and components in the soil |      |
|      |     are not damaged, which enables treated soil to     |      |
|      |     retain the ability to support future biological    |      |
|      |     activity.                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | # Phase 5                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment. The cost of energy is         |      |
|      |     included.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **MOLTEN SALT OXIDATION**                              | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using molten salt destruction, which combusts      | ^/YR |
|      |     waste materials in a bed of molten salt. Wastes    |      |
|      |     are fed into a vessel containing molten salt and   |      |
|      |     air; the high rate of heat transfer to the wastes  |      |
|      |     causes destruction. Melt removal can be continuous |      |
|      |     or in batch mode. A variety of salts are used; the |      |
|      |     most common are sodium carbonate and potassium     |      |
|      |     carbonate. Assemblies for molten salt destruction  |      |
|      |     include salts, incinerators, storage systems,      |      |
|      |     filtration systems, dewatering pretreatment        |      |
|      |     systems, and a secondary reactor and cleanup       |      |
|      |     system for off-gases.                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     inspecting the treatment unit, replacing           |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment. The cost of   |      |
|      |     energy is included.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### OPEN BURN AND OPEN DETONATION                      | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using open burn (OB) and open detonation (OD)      | ^/YR |
|      |     operations to destroy excess, obsolete, or         |      |
|      |     unserviceable (EOU) munitions and energetic        |      |
|      |     materials. In OB operations, energetics or         |      |
|      |     munitions are destroyed by self-sustained          |      |
|      |     combustion, which is ignited by an external source |      |
|      |     such as flame, heat, or a detonation wave. An      |      |
|      |     auxiliary fuel may be added to initiate and        |      |
|      |     sustain the combustion of materials. In OD         |      |
|      |     operations, detonatable explosives and munitions   |      |
|      |     are destroyed by a detonation, which is generally  |      |
|      |     initiated by the detonation of an energetic        |      |
|      |     charge.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the site. The cost   |      |
|      |     of energy is included.                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### PLASMA                                             | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | > Phase 4                                              |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     incinerating or vitrifying processes that use      | ^/YR |
|      |     plasma or an electrically-neutral, highly-ionized  |      |
|      |     gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral       |      |
|      |     particles to generate the heat to destroy organic  |      |
|      |     and inorganic material. Plasma torches use         |      |
|      |     electricity to create and maintain enough heat (in |      |
|      |     excess of 5000^o^C) to vaporize and destroy        |      |
|      |     organic materials, and inorganic materials are     |      |
|      |     retained in a molten bath. Plasma processes        |      |
|      |     usually cannot treat solids. This element includes |      |
|      |     reactor and auxiliary equipment such as shredders, |      |
|      |     conveyors, blowers, fuel system, instrumentation   |      |
|      |     and controls, bag houses, scrubbers, and           |      |
|      |     treated-material handling systems. An off-gas      |      |
|      |     system removes particulates, organic vapors, and   |      |
|      |     volatilized metals.                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     inspecting the treatment unit, replacing           |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment. This element  |      |
|      |     also includes the cost of energy.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### PYROLYSIS                                          | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using pyrolysis to transform hazardous organic     | ^/YR |
|      |     materials into gaseous components, small           |      |
|      |     quantities of liquid, and a solid residue (coke)   |      |
|      |     containing fixed carbon and ash. Pyrolysis is the  |      |
|      |     chemical decomposition induced in organic          |      |
|      |     materials by heat in the absence of oxygen. In     |      |
|      |     practice, it is not possible to achieve a          |      |
|      |     completely oxygen-free atmosphere; actual          |      |
|      |     pyrolytic systems are operated with less than      |      |
|      |     stoichiometric quantities of oxygen. Because some  |      |
|      |     oxygen will be present in any pyrolytic system,    |      |
|      |     nominal oxidation will occur. If volatile or       |      |
|      |     semi-volatile materials are present in the waste,  |      |
|      |     thermal desorption will occur. Pyrolysis typically |      |
|      |     occurs under pressure and at operating             |      |
|      |     temperatures above 430°C (800°F). Pyrolysis of     |      |
|      |     organic materials produces combustible gases,      |      |
|      |     including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and  |      |
|      |     other hydrocarbons. The off-gases may be treated   |      |
|      |     in a secondary combustion chamber, flared, and     |      |
|      |     partially condensed. Particulate removal equipment |      |
|      |     such as fabric filters or wet scrubbers are also   |      |
|      |     required. Pyrolysis minimizes the production of    |      |
|      |     flue gases as compared to oxidation. Conventional  |      |
|      |     thermal treatment methods, such as rotary kiln,    |      |
|      |     rotary hearth furnace, or fluidized bed furnace,   |      |
|      |     are used for waste pyrolysis. Kilns or furnaces    |      |
|      |     used for pyrolysis are physically similar to       |      |
|      |     incinerator equipment but would operate at lower   |      |
|      |     temperature and with less air supply than would be |      |
|      |     required for combustion. Molten salt processes may |      |
|      |     also be used for waste pyrolysis.                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     inspecting the treatment unit, replacing           |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment. This element  |      |
|      |     also includes the cost of energy.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                        |      |
| .28. |                                                        |      |
| 08** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # RETORT/AMALGAMATION                                  | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using retort/amalgamation for the removal and      | ^/YR |
|      |     recovery of mercury. The contaminated medium is    |      |
|      |     heated to volatilize the contaminants. The         |      |
|      |     contaminants are captured or recovered by reacting |      |
|      |     with another metal, such as gold, or chemicals     |      |
|      |     that can stabilize or convert the contaminants to  |      |
|      |     highly insoluble forms.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, including unit inspection,     |      |
|      |     replacing components, and repairing equipment. The |      |
|      |     cost of energy is included.                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SOLAR DETOXIFICATION/EVAPORATION**                   | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using solar detoxification to photolytically       | ^/YR |
|      |     degrade vaporized soil contaminants in a solar     |      |
|      |     reactor into which sunlight is focused by a        |      |
|      |     parabolic mirror array. The vaporized contaminants |      |
|      |     flow into the reactor after being desorbed from    |      |
|      |     the soil when the latter is heated to about 400°C  |      |
|      |     (750^o^F).                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment.                               |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **STEAM STRIPPING/FLUSHING/REFORMING**                 | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using steam stripping to physically transfer       | ^/YR |
|      |     dissolved molecules from a liquid waste stream to  |      |
|      |     a vapor stream. Steam stripping is normally        |      |
|      |     carried out as a continuous operation that employs |      |
|      |     a conventional fractional distillation column      |      |
|      |     where preheated wastewater is pumped near the top  |      |
|      |     of the distillation column and flows downward      |      |
|      |     through a flow of steam rising from the column     |      |
|      |     bottom. As the steam contacts the liquid wastes,   |      |
|      |     the volatile organics are stripped from the liquid |      |
|      |     waste and carried to a condenser in a water-cooled |      |
|      |     heat exchanger and collected in an accumulator     |      |
|      |     tank. Secondary waste treatments (e.g., off-gas),  |      |
|      |     if not part of the unit, but are costed using      |      |
|      |     other treatment technologies.                      |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment. This element also includes    |      |
|      |     the cost of energy.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION                       | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using supercritical water oxidation to improve the | ^/YR |
|      |     solubility of organic substances and salts. This   |      |
|      |     process is also referred to as Supercritical Wet   |      |
|      |     Oxidation and Supercritical Wet-Air Oxidation.     |      |
|      |     This technology oxidizes organics at various       |      |
|      |     concentrations with air, oxygen, or other          |      |
|      |     oxidants, in the presence of high concentrations   |      |
|      |     of water at temperatures and pressures above the   |      |
|      |     critical point of water. The critical point is     |      |
|      |     where vapor and liquid occur. Oxidation is usually |      |
|      |     conducted at 400°C-650^o^C under 253x10^5^ Pa.     |      |
|      |     Above the critical temperature and pressure, the   |      |
|      |     properties of water are quite different from those |      |
|      |     of normal liquid or atmospheric steam. Under these |      |
|      |     conditions chemicals such as organic substances    |      |
|      |     are completely soluble in water under some         |      |
|      |     supercritical conditions and salts are almost      |      |
|      |     insoluble under other supercritical conditions.    |      |
|      |     Reactors that can withstand the temperature,       |      |
|      |     pressure, corrosive aspects of the system, heat    |      |
|      |     exchanger, and air compressor are key components.  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components, and      |      |
|      |     repairing equipment. This element also includes    |      |
|      |     the cost of energy.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **THERMALLY ENHANCED VAPOR EXTRACTION**                | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using steam/hot-air injection or electrical        | ^/YR |
|      |     resistance, electromagnetic, fiber-optic, or       |      |
|      |     radio-frequency heating to increase the            |      |
|      |     volatilization rate of semi-volatiles and          |      |
|      |     facilitate their extraction. The process is        |      |
|      |     similar to Soil Vapor Extraction but requires heat |      |
|      |     resistant components. Key components include       |      |
|      |     reactor, coolers/condensers, off-gas treatment     |      |
|      |     equipment, pumps and air blowers, particulate      |      |
|      |     filters, instrumentation and controls, and piping. |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     inspecting the treatment unit, replacing           |      |
|      |     components, and repairing equipment. This element  |      |
|      |     also includes the cost of energy.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### MOLTEN METAL                                   | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element, also known as the Catalytic          |  M^3 |
|      |     Extraction Process (CEP) includes using a bath of  | ^/YR |
|      |     molten metal as a solvent to reduce hazardous,     |      |
|      |     toxic, and radioactive liquid, slurries, and solid |      |
|      |     waste to their basic elements. With the addition   |      |
|      |     of select reactants, these elements can be         |      |
|      |     recombined to form valuable gases, ceramics, and   |      |
|      |     metals that can be used by industry. CEP differs   |      |
|      |     from incineration or other thermal treatment       |      |
|      |     technologies because it does not rely on flame     |      |
|      |     combustion to alter the character and composition  |      |
|      |     of waste. Instead, CEP relies on the catalytic     |      |
|      |     properties of the molten metal to dissolve waste   |      |
|      |     compounds. The equipment includes waste            |      |
|      |     preparation facility to store, sort, and reduce    |      |
|      |     size of waste; sealed environment processing tank; |      |
|      |     instrumentation and controls to monitor the        |      |
|      |     process; and off-gas collection and treatment      |      |
|      |     unit.                                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  |      |
|      |     the treatment unit, replacing components,          |      |
|      |     repairing equipment, and cleaning the area. This   |      |
|      |     element also includes the cost of energy.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HOT GAS DECONTAMINATION**                            | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element involves constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     raising the temperature of contaminated equipment  | ^/YR |
|      |     or material to 260°C (500°F) for a specified       |      |
|      |     period of time to decontaminate materials. The gas |      |
|      |     effluent from the material is treated in an        |      |
|      |     afterburner system to destroy all volatilized      |      |
|      |     contaminants. The method eliminates a waste that   |      |
|      |     is stockpiled and requires disposal as a hazardous |      |
|      |     material and permits reuse or disposal of scrap as |      |
|      |     non-hazardous material. Hot-gas decontamination    |      |
|      |     can also be used for decontaminating explosives,   |      |
|      |     masonry, or metallic structures. The method        |      |
|      |     involves sealing and insulating the structures,    |      |
|      |     heating them with a hot-gas stream to 260°C        |      |
|      |     (500°F) for a prescribed period of time,           |      |
|      |     volatilizing the explosive contaminants, and       |      |
|      |     destroying them in an afterburner. Operating       |      |
|      |     conditions are site-specific. Contaminants are     |      |
|      |     completely destroyed.                              |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit, including inspect-ing the   |      |
|      |     unit, replacing components, and repairing          |      |
|      |     equipment. Energy cost is included.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .28. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construction or installation of other ex-situ      | ^3^/ |
|      |     thermal treatment.                                 | YR** |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as operating and       |      |
|      |     inspecting the unit, replacing materials, clearing |      |
|      |     the area, and repairing equipment.                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **IN-SITU STABILIZATION/FIXATION/ENCAPSULATION**       |      |
| 29** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ASPHALT-BASED ENCAPSULATION**                        | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^2 |
|      |     using asphalt-based encapsulation to form a matrix | ^/YR |
|      |     encapsulating contaminated liquid or solid wastes. |      |
|      |     The process entails mixing waste and asphalt and   |      |
|      |     heating them until they fuse in a stable matrix.   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the facility, including activities such as         |      |
|      |     monitoring the process, preparing chemicals, and   |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # GROUT INJECTION                                      | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring and installing a   |  M^2 |
|      |     facility for injecting grout directly into         | ^/YR |
|      |     contaminated soil to prevent migration of the      |      |
|      |     contaminants. Grouting will fill pores or seal     |      |
|      |     voids that allow for infiltration of fluid and     |      |
|      |     reduce pathways for contaminant transport.         |      |
|      |     Grouting also encapsulates the contaminated soil.  |      |
|      |     In most applications, cement is used for grouting  |      |
|      |     applications. Assemblies include pumps for liquids |      |
|      |     or slurries, storage silos, weigh feeders, piping, |      |
|      |     and mixers.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as monitoring the      |      |
|      |     process, preparing chemicals, and repairing        |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POZZOLAN PROCESS**                                   | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^2 |
|      |     using an in-situ pozzolan process for in-place     | ^/YR |
|      |     encapsulation of waste material by combining       |      |
|      |     pozzolanic (siliceous) material, lime, or Portland |      |
|      |     cement with water to form a concrete-like solid.   |      |
|      |     Pozzolanic material includes fly ash,              |      |
|      |     blast-furnace slag, and cement kiln dust.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the facility, and includes activities such as      |      |
|      |     monitoring the process, preparing chemicals, and   |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **IN-SITU VITRIFICATION**                              | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^2 |
|      |     using in-situ vitrification for in-place           | ^/YR |
|      |     encapsulation of contaminated soils and sludge     |      |
|      |     into a solid, glassy matrix by using large amounts |      |
|      |     of electrical current to melt the soil. The heat   |      |
|      |     destroys most organics and captures inorganics in  |      |
|      |     glass. Assemblies include electrical generators,   |      |
|      |     electrical power distribution, electrodes,         |      |
|      |     graphite placed over the soil to establish a       |      |
|      |     conductive path, and an exhaust hood system to     |      |
|      |     capture gaseous wastes.                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include monitoring  |      |
|      |     the process, preparing additives, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **IN-SITU** **PIPE GROUTING**                          | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes acquiring equipment for      |      |
|      |     pumping grout into existing pipes, including       |      |
|      |     manholes, to prevent access, introduction, or      |      |
|      |     entrance of contaminants.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .29. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other in-situ                 | ^2^/ |
|      |     stabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment     | YR** |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, replacing materials, clearing the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing the                                  |      |
|      |     stabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment     |      |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **EX-SITU STABILIZATION/FIXATION/ENCAPSULATION**       |      |
| 30** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ASPHALT-BASED ENCAPSULATION**                        | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using asphalt-based encapsulation to form a matrix | ^/YR |
|      |     encapsulating contaminated liquid or solid wastes. |      |
|      |     The process entails mixing waste and asphalt,      |      |
|      |     placing the mixture in a mold, and heating it      |      |
|      |     until the waste and asphalt fuse in a stable       |      |
|      |     matrix. Asphalt-based encapsulation includes       |      |
|      |     dewatering and the addition of organic polymers,   |      |
|      |     lime, kiln dust, or Portland cement to enhance the |      |
|      |     process.                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the facility, including activities such as         |      |
|      |     monitoring the process, preparing chemicals, and   |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### CALCINATION                                        | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using calcination to vaporize water in the waste   | ^/YR |
|      |     and transform chemicals in the waste to calcine    |      |
|      |     particles. Calcination is a solidification         |      |
|      |     technology in which liquid waste is placed in a    |      |
|      |     calcinator cell heated to 500^o^C (932^o^F) by the |      |
|      |     combustion of oxygen and kerosene. The off-gas     |      |
|      |     from the calcinator is passed through a            |      |
|      |     combination of dry and wet clean-up systems before |      |
|      |     being released into the atmospheric.               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment and  |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as monitoring the      |      |
|      |     process, preparing additives, and repairing        |      |
|      |     components. This element also includes the cost of |      |
|      |     energy.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | # POLYMER-BASED ENCAPSULATION                          | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using polymer encapsulation systems to incorporate | ^/YR |
|      |     waste residues in polyethylene jackets             |      |
|      |     (thermoplastic polymers). Systems also consist of  |      |
|      |     monomers or prepolymers that are polymerized or    |      |
|      |     crosslinked by the use of catalysts or             |      |
|      |     accelerators after being mixed with liquid wastes  |      |
|      |     (polymerization systems).                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include monitoring  |      |
|      |     the process, preparing additives, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POZZOLAN PROCESS (LIME/PORTLAND CEMENT)**            | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using pozzolanic (siliceous) material, mixing      | ^/YR |
|      |     lime, or Portland cement, and water to form a      |      |
|      |     concrete-like solid matrix in which the waste is   |      |
|      |     encapsulated. Batch mixers or pugmills are         |      |
|      |     routinely used for the mixing waste material,      |      |
|      |     pozzolanic material, and water. Pozzolanic         |      |
|      |     material includes fly ash, ground blast-furnace    |      |
|      |     slag, and cement kiln dust. This element does not  |      |
|      |     include excavating and transporting contaminated   |      |
|      |     material; see Solids/Soils Containment,            |      |
|      |     Collection, or Control (X.19.xx) and Liquid Waste  |      |
|      |     /Sludges Containment, Collection, or Control       |      |
|      |     (X.20.xx).                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as process inspection, |      |
|      |     preparation of additives, and making repairs to    |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE                            | #    |
| .30. |                                                        |      |
| 05** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SLUDGE STABILIZATION (AGGREGATE/ROCK/SLAG)**         | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using sludge stabilization for the solidification  | ^/YR |
|      |     of contaminated wastes using aggregate and rock    |      |
|      |     and slag additives to form a uniform, stable       |      |
|      |     matrix to encapsulate waste materials. Sludge      |      |
|      |     stabilization includes pumps for liquids or        |      |
|      |     slurries, conveyors for sludge or solids, storage  |      |
|      |     silos, weigh feeders, piping, mixers, and disposal |      |
|      |     or storage.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as monitoring the      |      |
|      |     process, preparing additives, and repairing        |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **VITRIFICATION/MOLTEN GLASS**                         | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes using vitrification to       |  M^3 |
|      |     destroy combustible, hazardous, organic and        | ^/YR |
|      |     inorganic wastes and/or melting the contaminants,  |      |
|      |     capturing them in the molten glass. During the     |      |
|      |     process, a pool of molten glass is developed and   |      |
|      |     maintained by a passing a high-voltage electrical  |      |
|      |     current between submerged electrodes. Combustible  |      |
|      |     gases, mixed with air, ignite and react above the  |      |
|      |     molten glass. Solids and noncombustible materials  |      |
|      |     are incorporated into the glass bed, while gases   |      |
|      |     are pulled out of the chamber through a series of  |      |
|      |     filters. Assemblies include a vitrification        |      |
|      |     furnace, pretreatment systems (evaporation and     |      |
|      |     sedimentation), conveyors, sumps to collect        |      |
|      |     settling particles, and heat recovery and air      |      |
|      |     pollution control systems. This element does not   |      |
|      |     include excavating and transporting contaminated   |      |
|      |     material; see Solids/Soils Containment, Collection |      |
|      |     or Control (X.19.xx) and Liquid Waste /Sludges     |      |
|      |     Containment, Collection, or Control (X.20.xx).     |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of the treatment unit. Activities include          |      |
|      |     monitoring the process, preparing additives, and   |      |
|      |     repairing components. This element also includes   |      |
|      |     the cost of energy.                                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ######## **MODIFIED SULFUR CEMENT**                    | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using modified sulfur cement, commercially         | ^/YR |
|      |     available thermoplastic material, to solidify      |      |
|      |     contaminated materials. Cement is melted (at 127   |      |
|      |     °C-149°C \[260 °F-300 °F\]) then mixed with the    |      |
|      |     waste to form a homogenous molten slurry that is   |      |
|      |     discharged into suitable containers for cooling,   |      |
|      |     storage, and disposal. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen |      |
|      |     sulfide emissions are limited to allowable         |      |
|      |     threshold values by the relatively low             |      |
|      |     temperatures. A variety of common mixing devices,  |      |
|      |     such as, paddle mixers and pug mills, can be used  |      |
|      |     in conjunction with the cement melter.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include monitoring  |      |
|      |     the process, preparing additives, and repairing    |      |
|      |     components. This element also includes the cost of |      |
|      |     energy.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **POLYETHYLENE EXTRUSION**                             | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |  M^3 |
|      |     using the polyethylene extrusion process to mix    | ^/YR |
|      |     polyethylene binders and dry waste materials using |      |
|      |     a heated cylinder containing a mixing/transport    |      |
|      |     screw. The heated, homogenous mixture exits the    |      |
|      |     cylinder through an output die into a mold, where  |      |
|      |     it cools and solidifies. Polyethylene's properties |      |
|      |     produce a very stable, solidified product. The     |      |
|      |     process has been tested on nitrate salt wastes at  |      |
|      |     plant-scale, establishing its viability, and on    |      |
|      |     various other wastes at the bench and pilot scale. |      |
|      |     Equipment needed includes waste-drying or -heating |      |
|      |     unit, conveyers and feeders, mixing tank and       |      |
|      |     mixer, extruder, storage tanks, and off-gas        |      |
|      |     treatment unit.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the facility. Activities include monitoring the    |      |
|      |     process, preparing additives, and repairing        |      |
|      |     components. This element also includes the cost of |      |
|      |     energy.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ####### EMULSIFIED ASHPHALT                            | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with |  M^3 |
|      |     using asphalt emulsification to transfer waste in  | ^/YR |
|      |     water to an asphalt solid that is impermeable to   |      |
|      |     water. Asphalt emulsions are very fine droplets of |      |
|      |     asphalt, dispersed in water, that are stabilized   |      |
|      |     by chemical emulsifying agents. The emulsions are  |      |
|      |     available as either cationic or anionic emulsions. |      |
|      |     The process involves adding emulsified asphalt     |      |
|      |     having the appropriate charge to hydrophilic       |      |
|      |     liquid or semi-liquid wastes at ambient            |      |
|      |     temperature. After mixing, the emulsion breaks,    |      |
|      |     the water in the waste is released, and the        |      |
|      |     organic phase forms a continuous matrix of         |      |
|      |     hydrophobic asphalt around the waste solids. In    |      |
|      |     some cases, neutralizing agents, such as lime or   |      |
|      |     gypsum, may be required. After setting and curing, |      |
|      |     the waste is uniformly distributed throughout the  |      |
|      |     resulting solid asphalt, which is impermeable to   |      |
|      |     water.                                             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include process     |      |
|      |     monitoring the process, preparing additives, and   |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)**                          | **M^ |
| .30. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   Construct or install other ex-situ                 | ^3^/ |
|      |     stabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment     | YR** |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, replacing materials, clearing the area,  |      |
|      |     and repairing the                                  |      |
|      |     stabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment     |      |
|      |     facility.                                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **FACILITY DECOMMISSIONING & DISMANTLEMENT**           |      |
| 31** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **NUCLEAR FACILITY SHUTDOWN AND INSPECTION**           | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes activities such as plant     |  M^3 |
|      |     shutdown and inspection, shutdown of unnecessary   | ^/YR |
|      |     equipment, compilation and verification of         |      |
|      |     as-built drawings, and other general housekeeping  |      |
|      |     activities.                                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for operating and      |      |
|      |     maintaining the equipment associated with facility |      |
|      |     shutdown and inspection.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DEACTIVATION**                                       | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes preparing to place a         |  M^2 |
|      |     facility in a safe and stable condition to         | ^/YR |
|      |     minimize the long-term cost of a surveillance and  |      |
|      |     maintenance program, and to protect workers, the   |      |
|      |     public, and the environment until decommissioning  |      |
|      |     is complete. This process includes removing fuel,  |      |
|      |     draining and/or de-energizing nonessential         |      |
|      |     systems, removing stored radioactive and hazardous |      |
|      |     materials, and related actions.                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for operating and      |      |
|      |     maintaining the equipment for the activities       |      |
|      |     described in Phase 4.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **PREPARATION FOR DORMANCY**                           | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes activities to prepare the    |  M^2 |
|      |     nuclear facility for dormancy after it has been    | ^/YR |
|      |     stabilized, shut down, and deactivated. Activities |      |
|      |     include ensuring that equipment/components/systems |      |
|      |     are turned off and isolated and that tanks and     |      |
|      |     drains are emptied, cleaned, and isolated; locking |      |
|      |     and tagging out equipment and components;          |      |
|      |     monitoring and setting up alarm systems; and       |      |
|      |     securing the area and equipment.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes monitoring, surveillance,    |      |
|      |     and inspection activities to ensure that the       |      |
|      |     nuclear facility is safe, is not releasing         |      |
|      |     contaminants, and is in a non-nuclear-critical     |      |
|      |     state.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HOT CELL EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION**                    | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes sealing and isolating        |  M^2 |
|      |     equipment in the hot cell, such as gloveports,     | ^/YR |
|      |     bagout ports, bulkhead electrical fittings, inlet  |      |
|      |     filters, and other penetrations into the glovebox, |      |
|      |     to prevent contamination spread.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes maintaining sealed           |      |
|      |     equipment.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SITE RECONFIGURATION, ISOLATING AND SECURING         | **M^ |
| .31. | STRUCTURE**                                            | 2^** |
| 05** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4 and 5                                          | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes removing obstacles to        |      |
|      |     dismantlement such as other projects or            |      |
|      |     facilities/structures; creating barriers to        |      |
|      |     intrusion; and ensuring structural integrity of    |      |
|      |     foundations, walls, framing, ceilings, decking,    |      |
|      |     roofs, cover blocks, platforms, and other items.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMOVAL OF FUEL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT**                 | #### |
| .31. |                                                        | # LS |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ##   |
|      | -   This element includes dismantling and removing     | ###  |
|      |     fuel-handling equipment including fuel positioning |      |
|      |     systems, cranes, and rigs.                         | ##   |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   | ## L |
|      |     costs of fuel-handling removal equipment.          | S/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| *    | **RADIOLOGICAL INVENTORY CATEGORIZATION FOR D&D**      | #### |
| *31. |                                                        | # LS |
| 07** | Phase 4 and 5                                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes developing an estimate of    |      |
|      |     radionuclide quantities present in the facility    |      |
|      |     and the nature of their principal physical and     |      |
|      |     chemical forms. Apart from spent fuel, the         |      |
|      |     radiological inventory can be divided into two     |      |
|      |     categories: (1) activation of structural materials |      |
|      |     and (2) surface contamination. This contamination  |      |
|      |     may consist of activated corrosion products, fuel  |      |
|      |     fragments, and/or fission products.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DECONTAMINATION OF AREA AND EQUIPMENT**              | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes locating all surface         |  M^2 |
|      |     contamination on walls, floors, and equipment;     | ^/YR |
|      |     acquiring/constructing equipment; and treating,    |      |
|      |     stabilizing, or removing all contamination using   |      |
|      |     techniques such as chemical extraction, coatings,  |      |
|      |     lasers, physical methods, thermal methods,         |      |
|      |     vacuuming/blasting, and washing.                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes costs for operating and      |      |
|      |     maintaining the equipment to treat, stabilize, or  |      |
|      |     remove all contamination on walls, floors, and     |      |
|      |     equipment.                                         |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATED              | **M^ |
| .31. | EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL**                                   | 2^** |
| 09** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4 and 5                                          | #    |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes cutting, sizing, and         |      |
|      |     removing contaminated equipment, instrument        |      |
|      |     tubing, piping, tanks, structures, stacks, and     |      |
|      |     other components.                                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING OPERATIONS ON REACTOR VESSEL &           | #### |
| .31. | INTERNALS**                                            | # EA |
| 10** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | *    |
|      |                                                        | *EA/ |
|      | -   This element includes removing the reactor         | YR** |
|      |     pressure vessel, internal and attached piping,     |      |
|      |     control rods, assemblies, instrumentation, and     |      |
|      |     other internal components.                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of dismantling equipment.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF PRIMARY AND AUXILIARY     | **M^ |
| .31. | SYSTEMS**                                              | 2^** |
| 11** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes removing the primary and     | ^/YR |
|      |     auxiliary systems that include components such as  |      |
|      |     piping, pumps, instrumentation, moisture           |      |
|      |     separators, condensers, and shielding.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of removal equipment.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND THERMAL    | **M^ |
| .31. | SHIELD**                                               | 2^** |
| 12** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes removal of the absorbing     | ^/YR |
|      |     material placed around a reactor or radioactive    |      |
|      |     source that is intended to reduce radiation        |      |
|      |     levels.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of removal equipment.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMOVAL OF POOL LININGS**                            | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes removing linings from spent  |  M^2 |
|      |     fuel pools, which includes remote dismantlement of | ^/YR |
|      |     the steel lining.                                  |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of removal equipment.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING OF IN-CELL EQUIPMENT**                   | #### |
| .31. |                                                        | # EA |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes dismantling hot cells        | *EA/ |
|      |     including removing lead glass windows, internal    | YR** |
|      |     remote-operated cranes and hoists, manipulators,   |      |
|      |     tongs, glove ports, liquid and gas piping,         |      |
|      |     electrical outlets, pass-throughs, fire            |      |
|      |     suppression equipment, lighting, ventilation, and  |      |
|      |     other equipment.                                   |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of removal equipment.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **REMOVAL OF OTHER MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT FROM         | **M^ |
| .31. | CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE**                                | 2^** |
| 15** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes removing all material and    | ^/YR |
|      |     equipment not specified previously.                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain equipment used to remove all  |      |
|      |     material and equipment not specified previously.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FACILITY (CONTROLLED AREA) HARDENING, ISOLATION, OR  | **M^ |
| .31. | ENTOMBMENT**                                           | 3^** |
| 16** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ^/YR |
|      |     encasing radioactive materials in concrete or      |      |
|      |     other structural material sufficiently strong and  |      |
|      |     structurally long-lived to ensure retention of the |      |
|      |     radioactivity until it has decayed to levels that  |      |
|      |     permit restricted release of the site.             |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     of equipment to perform hardening, isolation, or   |      |
|      |     entombment.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### REMOVAL OF                                         | **M^ |
| .31. |  ALL OTHER FACILITIES, OR ENTIRE CONTAMINATED FACILITY | 2^** |
| 17** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 4                                                | #    |
|      |                                                        |  M^2 |
|      | -   This element includes final takedown of the        | ^/YR |
|      |     facility using shears, wrecking balls, rams,       |      |
|      |     bulldozers, implosion, or other                    |      |
|      |     technique/equipment.                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain removal equipment, inspect    |      |
|      |     and clean the area, and replace consumables.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING OF TEMPORARY FUEL STORAGE FACILITY**     | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 18** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element include the final takedown of the     |  M^2 |
|      |     temporary fuel-storage facility using shears,      | ^/YR |
|      |     wrecking balls, rams, bulldozers, or other         |      |
|      |     technique/equipment.                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain removal equipment.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISMANTLING OF INTERMEDIATE FUEL STORAGE FACILITY**  | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 19** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes the final takedown of the    |  M^2 |
|      |     intermediate fuel-storage facility using shears,   | ^/YR |
|      |     wrecking balls, rams, bulldozers, or other         |      |
|      |     technique/equipment.                               |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain removal equipment.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## REPROCESSING COSTS                                  | #    |
| .31. |                                                        |      |
| 20** | Phases 4 and 5                                         | #    |
|      |                                                        | M^3^ |
|      | -   This element includes the costs of reprocessing    |      |
|      |     the equipment, components, and other materials for |      |
|      |     reuse.                                             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION OF OTHER FACILITIES      | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 21** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes dismantling and demolishing  | ^2^/ |
|      |     contaminated treatment, storage, or disposal       | YR** |
|      |     facilities using shears, wrecking balls, rams,     |      |
|      |     bulldozers, or other technique/equipment.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain removal equipment.            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## OTHER                                               | **M^ |
| .31. |                                                        | 2^** |
| 9x** | Phases 4 and 5                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes all other activities         |      |
|      |     involved in decommissioning and dismantlement not  |      |
|      |     described by the above-listed categories.          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **MATERIAL HANDLING/TRANSPORTATION**                   |      |
| 32** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **WASTE STREAM HANDLING/PACKAGING**                    | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 01** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | #    |
|      | -   This element includes lifting, packaging, and      |  M^3 |
|      |     removing materials generated or removed from the   | ^/YR |
|      |     environment. Systems that can aid in handling      |      |
|      |     operations include automatic guided vehicles,      |      |
|      |     palletizing robots, cranes, hoists, elevators, and |      |
|      |     conveyors. Waste is packaged in storage            |      |
|      |     containers, receptacles, transportation packages,  |      |
|      |     a major part of the transportation vehicle, or     |      |
|      |     some other waste package.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain handling equipment.           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION DEVICE/EQUIPMENT**                    | #### |
| .32. |                                                        | # EA |
| 02** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | *    |
|      | -   This element includes procuring transportation     | *EA/ |
|      |     devices/equipment such as railroads, trucks, and   | YR** |
|      |     barges.                                            |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain transportation                |      |
|      |     devices/equipment.                                 |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OE OFF-SITE DESTRUCTION/TRANSPORTATION TO DOD        | **M^ |
| .32. | FACILITY**                                             | 3^** |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 1 to 4                                           | # L  |
|      |                                                        | S/YR |
|      | -   This element includes destroying OE at an off-site |      |
|      |     location or DoD facility.                          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Operate and maintain transportation                |      |
|      |     devices/equipment and OE destruction.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            | ##   |
| .32. |                                                        | ###  |
| 04** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .32. |                                                        |      |
| 05** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .32. |                                                        |      |
| 06** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .32. |                                                        |      |
| 07** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .32. |                                                        |      |
| 09** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### CERTIFICATION AND SHIPPING                         | #### |
| .32. |                                                        | # EA |
| 10** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes preparing and obtaining      |      |
|      |     certifications and permits needed to ship and      |      |
|      |     transport equipment/material to                    |      |
|      |     storage/treatment/disposal locations. This element |      |
|      |     also includes packaging, loading, unloading, and   |      |
|      |     hauling waste short distances.                     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION BY TRUCK**                            | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 11** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes trucking soil, liquid,       |      |
|      |     solids, equipment, drums, sediments, sludge, and   |      |
|      |     other material contaminated with hazardous, toxic, |      |
|      |     or radioactive waste from one location to another. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION BY** **RAIL**                         | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 12** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes transporting soil, liquid,   |      |
|      |     solids, equipment, drums, sediments, sludge, and   |      |
|      |     other material contaminated with hazardous, toxic, |      |
|      |     or radioactive waste by rail.                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION BY BARGE**                            | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 13** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes transporting soil, liquid,   |      |
|      |     solids, equipment, drums, sediments, sludge, and   |      |
|      |     other material contaminated with hazardous, toxic, |      |
|      |     or radioactive waste by barge or ship.             |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **TRANSPORTATION BY AIR**                              | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 14** | Phase 1 to 5                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes transporting soil, liquid,   |      |
|      |     solids, equipment, drums, sediments, sludge, and   |      |
|      |     other material contaminated with hazardous, toxic, |      |
|      |     or radioactive waste by airplane.                  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## CONTAINER HANDLING                                  | **M^ |
| .32. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 15** | Phase 1 to 4                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | **M  |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with        | ^3^/ |
|      |     loading, unloading, and moving containers. Systems | YR** |
|      |     that can aid in handling operations include        |      |
|      |     automatic guided vehicles, palletizing robots,     |      |
|      |     cranes, hoists, elevators, and conveyors.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |      |
|      |     container-handling equipment.                      |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | ###  |
| .32. |                                                        |      |
| 9x** | Phase 1 to 5                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | M^3^ |
|      | -   This element includes costs associated with other  |      |
|      |     material handling and transportation activities.   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | **DISPOSAL - COMMERCIAL**                              |      |
| 33** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 01** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 02** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE**                            |      |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 03** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ON-SITE** **GOVERNMENT** **DISPOSAL COSTS, FEES, AND | ###  |
| .33. | TAXES**                                                |      |
| 04** |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   Costs, fees, or taxes paid by the generator to     | M^3^ |
|      |     dispose of hazardous, toxic, or radioactive waste  |      |
|      |     at an on-site facility owned and operated by same  |      |
|      |     Government agency as the generator.                |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **ON-SITE COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL COSTS, FEES, AND TAXES** | ###  |
| .33. |                                                        | M^3^ |
| 05** | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs, fees, or taxes paid by the generator to     |      |
|      |     dispose of hazardous, toxic, or radioactive waste  |      |
|      |     at an on-site commercial facility located on the   |      |
|      |     waste generator's site but owned and operated by a |      |
|      |     private company.                                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OFF-SITE** **DOE DISPOSAL COSTS, FEES, AND TAXES**   | ###  |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | Phase 1 to 6                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Costs, fees, or taxes paid by the generator to     | ###  |
|      |     dispose of hazardous, toxic, and/or radioactive    | M^3^ |
|      |     waste at an off-site facility owned and operated   |      |
|      |     by DOE.                                            |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OFF-SITE OTHER GOVERNMENT DISPOSAL COSTS, FEES, AND  | ###  |
| .33. | TAXES**                                                |      |
| 07** |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   Costs, fees, or taxes paid by the generator to     | M^3^ |
|      |     dispose of hazardous, toxic, or radioactive waste  |      |
|      |     at an off-site facility owned and operated by a    |      |
|      |     Government agency other than the generator agency. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OFF-SITE COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL COSTS, FEES, AND        | ###  |
| .33. | TAXES**                                                |      |
| 08** |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 1 to 6                                           |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   Costs, fees, or taxes paid by the generator to     | M^3^ |
|      |     dispose of hazardous, toxic, or radioactive waste  |      |
|      |     at an off-site commercial facility. The disposal   |      |
|      |     facility is owned and operated by a private        |      |
|      |     company, and the facility is located outside of    |      |
|      |     waste generator property.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **DISCHARGE TO POTW**                                  | ###  |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | Phase 1 to 5                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        | M^3^ |
|      | -   Discharge contaminated wastewater to publicly      |      |
|      |     owned treatments work for recycling, storage,      |      |
|      |     treatment, or discharge.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | ###  |
| .33. |                                                        |      |
| 9x** | Phases 1 to 5                                          | ###  |
|      |                                                        | M^3^ |
|      | -   This element includes all other activities         |      |
|      |     involved in disposal not described by the          |      |
|      |     above-listed categories.                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | ### AIR EMISSION AND OFF-GAS TREATMENT                 | ###  |
| 34** |                                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| .*   | ### BIOFILTRATION                                      | ###  |
| *34. |                                                        |      |
| 01** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing/installing a    | ###  |
|      |     biofilter to remove vapor phase organic streams    | M^3^ |
|      |     using a biomass or soil column where the streams   |      |
|      |     are degraded by microorganisms in the soil.        | ###  |
|      |     Specific strains of bacteria may be introduced     |      |
|      |     into the filter and optimal conditions provided to | ###  |
|      |     preferentially degrade specific compounds.         |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      | ###  |
|      |     unit, clearing the area, mixing and feeding        |  M^3 |
|      |     chemicals, making repairs, and performing other    | ^/YR |
|      |     activities to enhance microorganisms.              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **HIGH ENERGY CORONA**                                 | #    |
| .34. |                                                        | ##   |
| 02** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes using a High Energy Corona   |      |
|      |     (HEC) mobile unit, using high-voltage electricity  | ###  |
|      |     to destroy gaseous VOCs at room temperature. The   | M^3^ |
|      |     HEC reactor is a glass tube filled with glass      |      |
|      |     beads through which the pretreated contaminated    | **M  |
|      |     off-gas is passed. Each reactor is 2 inches in     | ^3^/ |
|      |     diameter, 4 feet long, and weighs less than 20     | YR** |
|      |     pounds. A high-voltage electrode is placed along   |      |
|      |     the centerline of the reactor, and a grounded      |      |
|      |     metal screen is attached to the outer glass        |      |
|      |     surface of the reactor. A high-voltage power       |      |
|      |     supply is connected across the electrodes to       |      |
|      |     provide 0-50 mA of 60-Hz electricity at 30 kV. The |      |
|      |     electrode current and power depend upon the type   |      |
|      |     and concentration of contaminant. HEC equipment    |      |
|      |     consists of: HEC reactor in which the VOCs are     |      |
|      |     destroyed; inlet and outlet piping; process        |      |
|      |     instrumentation to measure humidity, temperature,  |      |
|      |     pressure, contaminant concentration, and mass flow |      |
|      |     rate; means for controlling inlet flow rates and   |      |
|      |     inlet humidity; and a secondary scrubber.          |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ###                                                    |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the unit, operation  |      |
|      |     of equipment, replacing parts and making repairs.  |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### TUNABLE HYBRID PLASMA REACTOR                      | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 03** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing/installing a    | ###  |
|      |     reactor to destroy organics or oxidize them to     | M^3^ |
|      |     non-toxic chemicals through their interaction with |      |
|      |     the electrons and plasma generated from the        | ###  |
|      |     electron beam. The reactor uses a moderate energy  |      |
|      |     electron beam (100-300 keV) injected into          | ###  |
|      |     atmospheric air containing the organic             |      |
|      |     contaminants. Because plasma is generated, use of  | ###  |
|      |     either alternating current or direct current       |      |
|      |     electric fields allows a further increase in the   | ###  |
|      |     electron and gas temperatures to optimize the      |      |
|      |     treatment process. The high degree of tunability   | ###  |
|      |     of the reactor gave rise to the name tunable       |      |
|      |     hybrid plasma reactor.                             | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   | ###  |
|      |     activities such as operation of equipment,         |  M^3 |
|      |     inspecting the unit, replacing parts, and making   | ^/YR |
|      |     repairs.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### MEMBRANE SEPARATION                                | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 04** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ###  |
|      |     using membrane separation to treat feed streams    | M^3^ |
|      |     that contain dilute concentrations of VOCs. The    |      |
|      |     organic vapor/air separation technology involves   | ###  |
|      |     the preferential transport of organic vapors       |      |
|      |     through a nonporous gas separation membrane (a     | ###  |
|      |     diffusion process analogous to pumping saline      |      |
|      |     water through a reverse osmosis membrane). In this | ###  |
|      |     system, the feed stream is compressed and sent to  |      |
|      |     a condenser where the liquid solvent is recovered. | ###  |
|      |     The condenser bleed stream, which contains         |      |
|      |     approximately 5,000 ppm of the VOC, is then sent   | ###  |
|      |     to the membrane module. The membrane module        |      |
|      |     comprises modules of thin film membranes separated | ###  |
|      |     by plastic mesh that are wound spirally around a   |      |
|      |     central collection pipe. In the membrane module,   | ###  |
|      |     the stream is further concentrated to 3% VOC. The  |      |
|      |     concentrated stream is returned to the compressor  | ###  |
|      |     for further recovery in the condenser. Equipment   |      |
|      |     includes compressors, membranes, instrumentation   | ###  |
|      |     and control, and piping.                           |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   |      |
|      |     activities such as operation of equipment,         | ###  |
|      |     inspecting the unit, replacing parts, and making   |      |
|      |     repairs.                                           | ###  |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      |                                                        | ^/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### CATALYTIC OXIDATION                                | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 05** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ###  |
|      |     using catalytic oxidation to destroy contaminants  | M^3^ |
|      |     in the exhaust gas from air strippers and SVE      |      |
|      |     systems. The addition of a catalyst accelerates    | ###  |
|      |     the rate of oxidation by adsorbing the oxygen and  |      |
|      |     the contaminant on the catalyst surface where they | ###  |
|      |     react to form carbon dioxide, water, and           |      |
|      |     hydrochloric gas. The catalyst enables the         | ###  |
|      |     oxidation reaction to occur at much lower          |      |
|      |     temperatures than required by a conventional       | ###  |
|      |     thermal oxidation. VOCs are thermally destroyed at |      |
|      |     temperatures typically ranging from 320°C-540°C    | ###  |
|      |     (600°F-1000°F) by using a solid catalyst. First,   |      |
|      |     the contaminated air is directly preheated         | ###  |
|      |     (electrically or, more frequently, using natural   |      |
|      |     gas or propane) to reach a temperature necessary   | ###  |
|      |     to initiate the catalytic oxidation (310°C-370°C   |      |
|      |     \[600°C-700°F\]) of the VOCs. The preheated        | ###  |
|      |     VOC-laden air is passed through a bed of solid     |      |
|      |     catalysts where the VOCs are rapidly oxidized.     | ###  |
|      |     Thermal oxidizers can often be converted to        |      |
|      |     catalytic units after initially high influent      | ###  |
|      |     contaminant concentrations decrease to less than   |      |
|      |     1,000-5,000 ppm. Catalyst systems used to oxidize  | ###  |
|      |     VOCs typically use metal oxides such as nickel     |      |
|      |     oxide, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, or         | ###  |
|      |     chromium oxide. Noble metals such as platinum and  |      |
|      |     palladium may also be used. Equipment includes     | ###  |
|      |     blowers, heaters, heat exchangers, instrumentation |      |
|      |     and control, and catalyst bed. Some systems might  | ###  |
|      |     need scrubbers.                                    |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance of |  M^3 |
|      |     the treatment unit. Activities include inspecting  | ^/YR |
|      |     the unit, replacing parts, and making repairs.     |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### THERMAL OXIDATION                                  | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 06** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a thermal       | ###  |
|      |     oxidation facility to destroy contaminants in      | M^3^ |
|      |     exhaust gas from air strippers and SVE systems.    |      |
|      |     Typical thermal oxidation units are                | ###  |
|      |     single-chamber, refractory-lined oxidizers         |      |
|      |     equipped with a propane/natural gas burner and a   | ###  |
|      |     stack. Lightweight ceramic blanket refractory is   |      |
|      |     used because many of these units are skid-or       | ###  |
|      |     trailer-mounted. If gasoline is the contaminant,   |      |
|      |     heat exchanger efficiencies are limited to         | ###  |
|      |     25%-35%, and preheat temperatures are maintained   |      |
|      |     below 180°C (530°F) to minimize the possibility of | ###  |
|      |     ignition occurring in the heat exchanger. Flame    |      |
|      |     arrestors are always installed between the vapor   | ###  |
|      |     source and the thermal oxidizer. Burner capacities |      |
|      |     in the combustion chamber range from 0.5-2 million | ###  |
|      |     BTUs per hour. Operating temperatures range from   |      |
|      |     400°C-870°C (760°F-1,600°F), and gas residence     | ###  |
|      |     times are typically one second or less.            |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance    |  M^3 |
|      |     activities such as operation of equipment,         | ^/YR |
|      |     inspecting the unit, replacing parts, and making   |      |
|      |     repairs.                                           |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### ULTRAVIOLET OXIDATION                              | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 07** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ###  |
|      |     using UV oxidation to break down the chemical      | M^3^ |
|      |     bonds under the influence of UV light and          |      |
|      |     oxidants. Products of photo-degradation vary       | ###  |
|      |     according to the matrix in which the process       |      |
|      |     occurs, but the complete conversion of an organic  | ###  |
|      |     contaminant to CO~2~, H~2~O, etc. is not probable. |      |
|      |     Equipment includes UV lamps, storage for oxidants, | ###  |
|      |     piping, process pumps, instrumentation and         |      |
|      |     monitors, and off-gas treatment if ozone is used.  | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and | ###  |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |  M^3 |
|      |     facility, preparing chemicals, replacing parts,    | ^/YR |
|      |     and repairing components.                          |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### VOC RECOVERY AND RECYCLE                           | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 08** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes using VOC recovery to        | ###  |
|      |     capture volatile organic compounds from air        | M^3^ |
|      |     streams. This technology is related to vapor phase |      |
|      |     carbon adsorption. A Brayton-cycle heat pump       | ###  |
|      |     (BCHP) is used to condense VOCs from an air        |      |
|      |     stream, a process that offers the potential for    | ###  |
|      |     both recovery and either on-site or off-site       |      |
|      |     recycling of a wide range of VOCs. The VOC-laden   | ###  |
|      |     air stream comes from either vapor vacuum          |      |
|      |     extraction of soil or air stripping of             | ###  |
|      |     contaminated groundwater. The technology consists  |      |
|      |     of activated carbon adsorbers located at each      | ###  |
|      |     extraction well, plus a truck-mounted BCHP to      |      |
|      |     regenerate the adsorbers on a periodic basis. The  | ###  |
|      |     VOC-laden air from the well is passed through the  |      |
|      |     carbon bed, adsorbing the VOCs. When the bed       | ###  |
|      |     becomes saturated, hot nitrogen from the           |      |
|      |     regenerator is used to desorb the VOCs from the    | ###  |
|      |     bed. The nitrogen passes through a chiller, is     |      |
|      |     compressed and then cooled in a recuperation unit  | ###  |
|      |     where 50%-80% of the organics are recovered. The   |      |
|      |     partially depleted nitrogen stream is then         | ###  |
|      |     expanded through a turbine, lowering the           |      |
|      |     temperature to as low as -101^o^C (-150^o^F) and   | ###  |
|      |     condensing the remaining organics. The now-clean   |      |
|      |     nitrogen passes through the recuperation unit to   | ###  |
|      |     cool the VOC-laden nitrogen before returning to    |      |
|      |     the carbon bed. The only outputs will be the clean | ###  |
|      |     off-gas from the well and a small amount of        |      |
|      |     recovered organic.                                 | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance    | ###  |
|      |     activities such as operation of equipment,         |  M^3 |
|      |     inspecting the facility, replacing parts, and      | ^/YR |
|      |     making repairs.                                    |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE                         | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 09** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes using an internal combustion | ###  |
|      |     engine to burn organic contaminants as fuel. When  | M^3^ |
|      |     the concentration of organics is too low,          |      |
|      |     auxiliary fuel is added to enhance the oxidation.  | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   | ###  |
|      |     activities such as operation of equipment,         |      |
|      |     replacing parts, and making repairs.               | ###  |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      |                                                        | ^/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION GAS/VAPOR     | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 10** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes using vessels containing     | ###  |
|      |     activated carbon to remove organic contaminants    | M^3^ |
|      |     from gaseous waste streams. Organic molecules are  |      |
|      |     adsorbed into the carbon, which is either replaced | ###  |
|      |     or regenerated. Items associated with carbon       |      |
|      |     adsorption are granular activated carbon columns,  | ###  |
|      |     pre-filters, and items associated with             |      |
|      |     regenerating the spent carbon. Organic carbon      | ###  |
|      |     analyzers are used for on-line control. Costs      |      |
|      |     include the cost of a GAC column, and in most      | ###  |
|      |     cases, pumps, piping, and regeneration equipment.  |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance    |      |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the carbon unit,     | ###  |
|      |     cleaning or regenerating the carbon, and repairing |  M^3 |
|      |     components.                                        | ^/YR |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### ALKALI BED REACTOR                                 | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 11** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ###  |
|      |     using a chemical treatment technique to rapidly    | M^3^ |
|      |     degrade chlorinated organic compounds in strong    |      |
|      |     alkali solutions at elevated temperatures. Soda    | ###  |
|      |     lime, a highly alkaline solid composed of 95% CaO  |      |
|      |     and 5% NaOH, is presented to a contaminated air    | ###  |
|      |     stream in a packed bed. The destruction process is |      |
|      |     essentially one step for both destruction of SVOC  | ###  |
|      |     and neutralization of any acid vapors. The         |      |
|      |     reaction takes place at relatively low             | ###  |
|      |     temperatures (350^o^C-400^o^C) as compared to      |      |
|      |     thermal oxidation, which suggests some catalytic   | ###  |
|      |     activity on the part of the soda lime. The end     |      |
|      |     product is a mixture of benign, non-hazardous      | ###  |
|      |     salts consisting of Ca and Na chlorides and        |      |
|      |     carbonates.                                        | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      | -   This element includes operating the equipment, and | ^/YR |
|      |     maintenance activities such as facility            |      |
|      |     inspection, making repairs, replacing components,  |      |
|      |     and removing and handling waste.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ### FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION                        | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 12** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a heated,       | ###  |
|      |     packed bed reactor containing a porous inert       | M^3^ |
|      |     matrix composed of spherical or saddle shaped      |      |
|      |     ceramic beads. The contaminated off-gas stream is  | ###  |
|      |     ducted into a gas distribution plenum. The stream  |      |
|      |     is then introduced to the packed bed where the     | ###  |
|      |     interstitial geometry enhances the mixing and      |      |
|      |     combustion of contaminated air and fuel. The       | ###  |
|      |     surface characteristics of the interstitial matrix |      |
|      |     promote heat transfer. Its thermal capacitance     | ###  |
|      |     dampens temperature changes and promotes stability |      |
|      |     of the combustion process even when significant    | ###  |
|      |     changes occur in the concentration or composition  |      |
|      |     of the off-gas stream. As the stream proceeds      | ###  |
|      |     through the packed bed, it is rapidly heated to    |      |
|      |     oxidation temperatures of 870^o^C-980^o^C          | ###  |
|      |     (1,600^o^F-1,800^o^F) and VOC/SVOCs are broken     |      |
|      |     down into combustion products. The interstitial    | ###  |
|      |     geometry of the packed bed promotes homogeneous    |      |
|      |     oxidation of all reactants avoiding the            | ###  |
|      |     possibility of contaminants bypassing the flame    |      |
|      |     reaction zone as can occur in thermal oxidation    | ###  |
|      |     units. As with thermal and catalytic oxidation,    |      |
|      |     flameless thermal oxidation systems make use of    | ###  |
|      |     thermal recapture techniques to recover heat from  |      |
|      |     the exhaust stream.                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ^/YR |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operating the reactor, and   |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     facility, making repairs, replacing components,    |      |
|      |     and removing and handling waste.                   |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | ## CONDENSATION                                        | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 13** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  | ###  |
|      |     using condensation to remove VOCs from a           | M^3^ |
|      |     non-condensable gas stream. By varying the gas     |      |
|      |     stream temperature and pressure, organic vapors    | ###  |
|      |     condense and separate from the non-condensable gas |      |
|      |     stream. The condensed organics are collected and   | ###  |
|      |     sometimes reused. Surface condensers are shell and |      |
|      |     tube heat exchangers where coolant flows inside    | ###  |
|      |     the tube and the condensed VOC stream is collected |      |
|      |     outside the tube. Contact condensers operate by    | ###  |
|      |     spraying a cool liquid directly into a gas stream  |      |
|      |     to cool and condense the organic vapors.           | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes operations and maintenance   | ###  |
|      |     activities such as inspecting treatment units,     |  M^3 |
|      |     operation of equipment, cleaning the area, and     | ^/YR |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **FLARING**                                            | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 14** | Phase 4                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes construction associated with | ###  |
|      |     using flares, open-flame systems for the thermal   | M^3^ |
|      |     destruction of volatile organic compounds. A       |      |
|      |     typical remediation application is treating        | ###  |
|      |     off-gases from landfills, which may contain high   |      |
|      |     concentrations of methane. In most cases, the      | ###  |
|      |     heating value of these off-gases may not be        |      |
|      |     recovered economically. In a typical flare system, | ###  |
|      |     a pilot burner ignites the off-gases at the flare  |      |
|      |     tip. For smokeless operation, flares may need an   | ###  |
|      |     air or steam supply to provide efficient gas/air   |      |
|      |     mixing.                                            | ###  |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                | ###  |
|      |                                                        |  M^3 |
|      | -   This element includes operation and maintenance    | ^/YR |
|      |     activities such as inspecting the treatment unit,  |      |
|      |     operation of equipment, cleaning the area, and     |      |
|      |     repairing components.                              |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **SYNTHETIC RESIN ADSORBTION**                         | ###  |
| .34. |                                                        |      |
| 15** | Phase 4                                                | **M^ |
|      |                                                        | 3^** |
|      | -   This element includes constructing a facility for  |      |
|      |     using synthetic resins to adsorb and remove        | **M  |
|      |     contaminant from gaseous waste streams. The resins | ^3^/ |
|      |     are regenerated by thermally desorbing the         | YR** |
|      |     contaminants, which are transferred to a more      |      |
|      |     concentrated off-gas stream for treatment. Other   |      |
|      |     X.34 elements can be used for treatment of         |      |
|      |     regenerant off-gas streams.                        |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phases 5 and 6                                         |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   This element includes equipment operation, and     |      |
|      |     maintenance activities such as inspecting the      |      |
|      |     treatment unit, regenerating resins, and repairing |      |
|      |     components.                                        |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **   | **OTHER**                                              | **M^ |
| .34. |                                                        | 3^** |
| 9x** | Phase 4                                                |      |
|      |                                                        | ###  |
|      | -   Construct or install other air emission and        |  M^3 |
|      |     off-gas treatment technologies.                    | ^/YR |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | Phase 5                                                |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | -   Perform O&M activities such as operating the       |      |
|      |     equipment, inspecting facilities, replacing        |      |
|      |     materials, and making repairs on other air         |      |
|      |     emission and off-gas treatment technologies.       |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+
| **.  | ### OTHER (USE NUMBERS 90-99)                          | ###  |
| 9X** |                                                        |      |
|      | ### Phase 1 to 6 and 8                                 |      |
|      |                                                        |      |
|      | ###                                                    |      |
|      | This element includes all second-level activities not  |      |
|      | described in second-level elements X.01.xx to X.34.xx. |      |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------+

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