CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05500

METAL FABRICATIONS

Page

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Summary [3](#summary)

1.02 References [3](#references)

1.03 Definitions [6](#definitions)

1.04 Submittals [6](#submittals)

1.05 Quality Assurance [6](#quality-assurance)

1.06 Delivery, Storage, And Handling [7](#delivery-storage-and-handling)

1.07 Project Conditions [7](#project-conditions)

1.08 Sequencing And Scheduling [8](#sequencing-and-scheduling)

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Ferrous Metals [8](#ferrous-metals)

2.02 Stainless Steel [9](#stainless-steel)

2.03 Aluminum [9](#aluminum)

2.04 Grout [9](#grout)

2.05 Fasteners [9](#fasteners)

2.06 Paint [10](#paint)

2.07 Concrete Fill [10](#concrete-fill)

2.08 Fabrication, General [10](#fabrication-general)

2.09 Rough Hardware [11](#rough-hardware)

2.10 Steel Ladders [12](#steel-ladders)

2.11 Ladder Safety Cages [12](#ladder-safety-cages)

2.12 Loose Bearing And Leveling Plates
[13](#loose-bearing-and-leveling-plates)

2.13 Loose Steel Lintels [13](#loose-steel-lintels)

2.14 Miscellaneous Metal Items [13](#miscellaneous-metal-items)

2.15 Shelf And Ledger Angles [13](#shelf-and-ledger-angles)

2.16 Metal Bar Gratings [14](#metal-bar-gratings)

2.17 Floor Plate [15](#floor-plate)

2.18 Tread Plate [15](#tread-plate)

2.19 Steel Pipe Guardrails And Handrails
[16](#steel-pipe-guardrails-and-handrails)

2.20 Cast Nosings And Treads [17](#cast-nosings-and-treads)

2.21 Steel Framed Stairs [17](#steel-framed-stairs)

2.22 Pipe Bollards [19](#pipe-bollards)

2.23 Finishes [19](#finishes)

2.24 Steel And Iron Finishes [19](#steel-and-iron-finishes)

2.25 Aluminum Finish [19](#aluminum-finish)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Examination [20](#examination)

3.02 Preparation [20](#preparation)

3.03 Installation, General [20](#installation-general)

3.04 Setting Loose Plates [21](#setting-loose-plates)

3.05 Installation Of Metal Bar Gratings
[21](#installation-of-metal-bar-gratings)

3.06 Installation Of Steel Pipe Guardrails And Handrails
[21](#installation-of-steel-pipe-guardrails-and-handrails)

3.07 Installation Of Cast Nosings And Treads
[22](#installation-of-cast-nosings-and-treads)

3.08 Installation Of Pipe Bollards [22](#installation-of-pipe-bollards)

3.09 Adjusting And Cleaning [23](#adjusting-and-cleaning)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05500

METAL FABRICATIONS

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 SUMMARY

A. This section includes the following metal fabrications:

Rough hardware

Ladders

Ladder safety cages

Loose bearing and leveling plates

Loose steel lintels

Miscellaneous framing, supports and trim

Shelf and ledger angles

Metal bar gratings

Floor plates

Tread plates

Steel pipe guardrails and handrails

Cast nosings and treads

Metal stairs

Pipe bollards

B. Related Sections: Refer to Section 05120, \"Structural Steel\" for
structural steel framing components.

## 1.02 REFERENCES

A. Aluminum Association (AA)

B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI )

A14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders

C. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A27 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application

A36 Specification for Structural Steel

A47 Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

A48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings

> A53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated
> Welded and Seamless
>
> A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
> Steel Products
>
> A153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
> Hardware

A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel
Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip

A276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and
Shapes

> A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
> Tensile Strength

A366 Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, Commercial
Quality

> A446 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
> Hot-Dip Process, Structural (Physical) Quality
>
> A500 Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
> Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
>
> A510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse
> Round Wire, Carbon Steel
>
> A526 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
> Hot-Dip Process, Commercial Quality
>
> A569 Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maximum, Percent),
> Hot-Rolled Sheet and Strip, Commercial Quality
>
> A570 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled,
> Structural Quality
>
> A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
> Galvanized Coatings

A786 Specification for Rolled Steel Floor Plates

B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods,
Wire, Shapes, and Tubes

B632 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Rolled Tread Plate

C1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)

E985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for
Building

D. American Welding Society (AWS)

D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel

D1.3 Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel

E. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 29 Part 1910 Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Standards

F. Corps of Engineers (CE)

CRD C621 Specification for Nonshrink Grout

G. Federal Specifications (FS)

FF-B-561 Bolts, Screw, Lag

FF-B-588 Bolt, Toggle, and Expansion Sleeve, Screw

FF-S-92 Screw, Machine, Slotted, Cross-Recessed or Hexagon Head

FF-S-111 Screw, Wood

FF-S-325 Shield, Expansion; Nail, Expansion; and Nail, Drive Screw
(Devices, Anchoring, Masonry)

FF-W-84 Washers, Lock (Spring)

FF-W-92 Washer, Flat (Plain)

TT-P-664 Primer Coating, Alkyd, Corrosion-Inhibiting, Lead and Chromate
Free, VOC-Compliant

TT-P-645 Primer, Paint, Zinc Chromate, Alkyd Type

H. Military Standardization Documents (MIL)

P-21035 Paint, High Zinc Dust Content, Galvanizing Repair

I. National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers (NAAMM)

AMP 500 Metal Finishes Manual

AMP 510 Metal Stair Manual

MBG 531 Metal Bar Grating Manual

MBG 532 Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Manual and Pipe Railing Manual

J. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

101 Life Safety Code

K. Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)

SSPC-PA 1 Paint Application Specification No. 1

> SSPC Paint 12 Paint Specification No. 12 Cold Applied Asphalt Mastic
> (Extra Thick Film)
>
> SSPC Paint 20 Paint Specification No. 20 Zinc-Rich Primers (Type I,
> \"Inorganic,\" and Type II, \"Organic\")
>
> SSPC-SP1 Surface Preparation Specification No. 1 \"Solvent Cleaning\"
>
> SSPC-SP2 Surface Preparation Specification No. 2 \"Hand-Tool
> Cleaning\"

SSPC-SP3 Surface Preparation Specification No. 3 \"Power Tool Cleaning\"

> SSPC-SP7 Surface Preparation Specification No. 7 \"Brush-Off Blast
> Cleaning\"

L. International Building Code (IBC)

M. Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS)

Fed. Std. 795

## 1.03 DEFINITIONS

A. Refer to ASTM E985 for railing-related terms that apply to this
section.

B. Refer to the NAAMM publications listed in Article 1.02 \"References\"
for definition of terms that apply to this section.

## 1.04 SUBMITTALS

General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract
and Section 01330, \"Submittal Procedures\".

A. Product Data: Submit product data for products used in metal
fabrications, including paint products, grout and fasteners.

B. Shop Drawings: Submit detailed shop and erection drawings of each
metal fabrication indicated. Include plans, elevations, sections, and
details of metal fabrications and their connections. Show anchorage and
accessory items.

C. Welder certificates signed by Contractor certifying that welders
comply with requirements specified in 1.05C.

D. Welding Procedures: Provide written welding procedure specification
(WPS) document per AWS Code requirements.

E. Qualification data for firm specified in 1.05B to demonstrate their
capabilities and experience.

## 1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and Standards: Comply with provisions of the following, except
as otherwise indicated. Where conflicts occur, comply with the more
stringent requirements.

1\. ANSI 14.3

2\. AWS D1.1 and D1.3

3\. NFPA 101

B. Fabricator Qualifications: Firm experienced in successfully producing
metal fabrications similar to that shown on the drawings, with
sufficient production capacity to produce required units without causing
delay in the work.

C. Qualify welding processes and welding operators in accordance with
AWS D1.1 and D1.3.

Certify that each welder has satisfactorily passed AWS qualification
tests for welding processes involved and, if pertinent, has undergone
recertification.

D. All materials used shall be free of lead, and asbestos fibers.

E. Use of damaged items is prohibited except by specific authorization
of Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) in writing.

## 1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver materials to the job site in good condition and properly
protected against damage to finished surfaces.

B. Storage on Site: Store materials in a location and in a manner to
avoid damage. Stacking shall be done in a way which will prevent
bending.

Store metal components and materials in a clean, dry location. Cover
with waterproof paper, tarpaulin or polyethylene sheeting in a manner
that will permit circulation of air inside the cover.

C. Keep handling on-site to a minimum. Exercise care to avoid damage to
finishes of material.

## 1.07 PROJECT CONDITIONS

Field Measurements: Check actual locations of walls and other
construction to which metal fabrications must fit, by accurate field
measurements before fabrication; show recorded measurements on final
shop drawings. Coordinate fabrication schedule with construction
progress to avoid delay of work.

Where field measurements cannot be made without delaying the work,
guarantee dimensions and proceed with fabrication of products without
field measurements. Coordinate construction to ensure that actual
opening dimensions correspond to guaranteed dimensions. Allow for
trimming and fitting.

## 1.08 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

Sequence and coordinate installation of wall handrails as follows:

A. Mount handrails only on completed walls. Do not support handrails
temporarily by any means not satisfying structural performance
requirements.

B. Mount handrails only on gypsum board assemblies reinforced with
proper blocking and backing to receive anchors, and where the location
of concealed anchor plates has been clearly marked for benefit of
Installer.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 FERROUS METALS

A. Metal Surfaces, General: Form metal fabrications exposed to view upon
completion of the work, provide materials selected for their surface
flatness, smoothness, and freedom from surface blemishes. Do not use
materials whose exposed surfaces exhibit pitting, seam marks, roller
marks, rolled trade names, roughness, and, for steel sheet, variations
in flatness exceeding those permitted by referenced standards for
stretcher-leveled sheet.

B. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A36.

C. Rolled Steel Floor Plates: ASTM A786.

D. Steel Bars for Gratings: ASTM A569 or ASTM A36.

E. Wire Rod for Grating Cross Bars: ASTM A510.

F. Steel Tubing: Cold-formed, ASTM A500, Grade B, unless otherwise
indicated.

G. Uncoated Structural Steel Sheet: Hot-rolled, ASTM A570, Grade 30
unless otherwise indicated.

H. Uncoated Steel Sheet (Commercial quality): Cold-rolled, ASTM A366.

I. Galvanized Steel Sheet: Quality as follows:

1\. Structural Quality: ASTM A446; Grade A, unless another grade
required for design loading, and G90 coating designation unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. Commercial Quality: ASTM A526, G90 coating designation unless
otherwise indicated.

J. Steel Pipe: ASTM A53, Type S, Grade B, standard weight (schedule 40),
black finish, unless otherwise indicated.

K. Gray Iron Castings: ASTM A48, Class 30.

L. Malleable Iron Castings: ASTM A47, Grade 32510.

M. Brackets, Flanges and Anchors: Cast or formed metal of the same type
material and finish as supported rails, unless otherwise indicated.

N. Concrete Inserts: Threaded or wedge type; galvanized ferrous
castings, either malleable iron, ASTM A47, or cast steel, ASTM A27.
Provide bolts, washers, and shims as required, hot-dip galvanized per
ASTM A153.

O. Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes: Select in accordance with AWS
specifications for the metal alloy to be welded.

## 2.02 STAINLESS STEEL

A. Bar Stock: ASTM A276, Type 302 or 304.

B. Plate: ASTM A167, Type 302 or 304.

## 2.03 aluminum

A. Extruded Bars and Shapes: ASTM B221, alloy 6061-T6 or 6063-T6 for
bearing bars of gratings and shapes and 6061-T6 for grating cross bars.

B. Aluminum-Alloy Rolled Tread Plate: ASTM B632, alloy 6061-T4 for
treads and 6061-T6 for platforms.

## 2.04 GROUT

Nonshrink Nonmetallic Grout: Premixed, factory-packaged, nonstaining,
noncorrosive, nongaseous grout complying with ASTM C1107 (formerly
referenced as CE CRD C621). Provide grout specifically recommended by
manufacturer for interior and exterior applications of type specified in
this section.

Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated in the work include, but are not limited to the following:

Euco N-S Grout - Euclid Chemical Co.

Kemset - Chem-Masters Corp.

Crystex - L & M Construction Chemicals, Inc.

Sonogrout - Sonneborn Building Products Div., Rexnord Chemical Products,
Inc.

Supreme Grout - Cormix, Inc.

Sure-Grip High Performance Grout - Dayton Superior

Vibropruf #11 - Lambert Corp.

## 2.05 FASTENERS

A. General: Provide zinc-coated fasteners for exterior use or where
built into exterior walls. Select fasteners for the type, grade, and
class required. Suspect/counterfeit bolts will not be accepted and will
be replaced at Contractor\'s expense.

B. Bolts and Nuts: Regular hexagon head type, ASTM A307, Grade A.

C. Lag Bolts: Square head type, FS FF-B-561.

D. Machine Screws: FS FF-S-92.

E. Wood Screws: Flat head carbon steel, FS FF-S-111.

F. Plain Washers: Round, carbon steel, FS FF-W-92.

G. Expansion Anchors: Expansion anchors complying with FS FF-S-325.

H. Toggle Bolts: Tumble-wing type, FS FF-B-588, type, class, and style
as required.

I. Lock Washers: Helical spring type carbon steel, FS FF-W-84.

J. Special Fasteners: Split nuts, indicator washers and others, as
indicated.

## 2.06 PAINT

A. Shop Primer for Ferrous Metal: Red oxide, lead- and cadmium-free,
corrosion-inhibiting primer complying with performance requirements of
FS TT-P-664.

B. Galvanizing Repair Paint: High zinc dust content paint for
regalvanizing welds in galvanized steel, with dry film containing not
less than 94% zinc dust by weight, and complying with MIL-P-21035 or
SSPC-Paint-20.

C. Bituminous Paint: Cold-applied asphalt mastic complying with
SSPC-Paint-12 except containing no asbestos fibers.

D. Zinc Chromate Primer: FS TT-P-645.

## 2.07 CONCRETE FILL

A. Concrete Materials and Properties: Comply with requirements for
Section 03300, \"Cast-in-Place Concrete\" for normal weight, ready-mix
concrete with minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa),
unless higher strength indicated.

B. Nonslip Aggregate Finish: Factory-graded, packaged material
containing fused aluminum oxide grits or crushed emery as abrasive
aggregate; rust-proof and nonglazing; unaffected by freezing, moisture,
or cleaning materials.

## 2.08 fABRICATION, GENERAL

A. Form metal fabrications from materials of size, thickness, and shapes
indicated but not less than that needed to comply with performance
requirements indicated. Work to dimensions indicated or accepted on shop
drawings, using proven details of fabrication and support. Use type of
materials indicated or specified for various components of each metal
fabrication.

B. Form exposed work true to line and level with accurate angles and
surfaces and straight sharp edges.

C. Allow for thermal movement resulting from the following maximum
change (range) in ambient temperature in the design, fabrication, and
installation of installed metal assemblies to prevent buckling, opening
up of joints, and overstressing of welds and fasteners. Base design
calculations on actual surface temperatures of metals due to both solar
heat gain and nighttime sky heat loss.

Temperature change (Range): 100 deg F (38 deg C).

D. Shear and punch metals cleanly and accurately. Remove burrs.

E. Ease exposed edges to a radius of approximately 1/32 inch ( 0.794
mm), unless otherwise indicated. Form bent-metal corners to smallest
radius possible without causing grain separation or otherwise impairing
work.

F. Remove sharp or rough areas on exposed traffic surfaces.

G. Weld corners and seams continuously to comply with AWS
recommendations and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surface matched those adjacent.

H. Form exposed connections with hairline joints, flush and smooth,
using concealed fasteners wherever possible. Use exposed fasteners of
type indicated or, if not indicated, Phillips flat-head (countersunk)
screws or bolts. Locate joints where least conspicuous.

I. Provide for anchorage of type indicated; coordinate with supporting
structure. Fabricate and space anchoring devices to provide adequate
support for intended use.

J. Shop Assembly: Preassemble items in shop to greatest extent possible
to minimize field splicing and assembly. Disassemble units only as
necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Use connections that
maintain structural value of joined pieces. Clearly mark units for
reassembly and coordinated installation.

K. Cut, reinforce, drill and tap miscellaneous metal work as indicated
to receive finish hardware, screws, and similar items.

L. Fabricate joints that will be exposed to weather in a manner to
exclude water, or provide weep holes where water may accumulate.

## 2.09 ROUGH HARDWARE

Furnish bent or otherwise custom fabricated bolts, plates, anchors,
hangers, dowels, and other miscellaneous steel and iron shapes as
required. Fabricate items to sizes, shapes, and dimensions required.

## 2.10 STEEL LADDERS

A. General: Fabricate ladders for the locations shown, with dimensions,
spacings, details and anchorages as indicated. Comply with requirements
of ANSI A14.3 and CFR 29 1910.27; where conflicts occur, comply with the
more stringent requirements.

B. Side Rails: Continuous steel flat bars, minimum size (cross section)
2-1/2\" x 3/8\" (63.5 mm x 9.5 mm), with eased edges, spaced 18 inches
(0.46 m) apart.

For ladders subject to unusually corrosive atmospheric exposures, steel
flat bars 2-1/2\" x 1/2\" (63.5 mm x 12.7 mm).

C. Bar Rungs: Round steel bars, minimum 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) diameter,
spaced no greater than 12 inches (305 mm) o.c. and uniform throughout
the length of the ladder.

Individual metal rungs embedded in concrete which serve as access to
pits and other areas under floors, should have a minimum diameter of 1
inch (25 mm) or shall otherwise be treated to resist corrosion and
rusting.

D. Fit rungs in centerline of side rails, plug weld and grind smooth on
outer rail faces.

E. Support each ladder at top and bottom and at intermediate points
spaced not more than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c. by means of welded brackets,
unless otherwise indicated.

1\. Size brackets to support design dead and live loads indicated and to
hold centerline of ladder rungs clear of the wall surface by not less
than 7 inches (178 mm).

2\. Extend side rails 42 inches (1.1 m) above top rung, and return rails
to wall or structure unless other secure handholds are provided. If the
adjacent structure does not extend above the top rung, goose-neck the
extended rails back to the structure to provide secure ladder access.

## 2.11 LADDER SAFETY CAGES

A. General: Fabricate ladder safety cages to comply with requirements of
ANSI A14.3 and CFR 29 1910.27; where conflicts occur, comply with the
more stringent requirements. Assemble safety cages by welding.

B. Primary Hoops: Steel bars, 3\" x 1/4\" (76 mm x 6.4 mm), for top,
bottom, and for cages longer than 20 feet (6.1 m), intermediate hoops
spaced not more than 20\'-0\" (6.1 m) o.c.

C. Secondary Intermediate Hoops: Steel bars, 2\" x 1/4\" (51 mm x 6.4
mm) hoops spaced not more than 4\'-0\" (1.2 m) o.c. between primary
hoops.

D. Vertical Bars: Steel bars, 1-1/2\" x 1/4\" (38.1 mm x 6.4 m), secured
to each hoop, spaced at intervals not more than 40o (0.7 rad) o.c.
around the circumference of the cage, maximum spacing of approximately
9-1/2 inches (241 mm) o.c.

E. Fasten assembled safety cage to ladder rails and adjacent
construction as indicated.

## 2.12 LOOSE BEARING AND LEVELING PLATES

Provide loose bearing and leveling plates for steel items bearing on
masonry or concrete construction, made flat, free from warps or twists,
and of required thickness and bearing area. Drill plates to receive
anchor bolts and for grouting as required.

## 2.13 LOOSE STEEL LINTELS

A. Fabricate loose structural steel lintels from steel angles and shapes
of size indicated for opening and recesses in masonry walls and
partitions at locations indicated.

B. Weld adjoining members together to form a single unit where
indicated.

C. Size loose lintels for equal bearing of one inch per foot of clear
span but not less than 8 inches (203 mm) bearing at each side of
openings, unless otherwise indicated.

## 2.14 MISCELLANEOUS METAL ITEMS

A. Miscellaneous Framing and Supports: Provide steel framing and
supports for applications indicated which are not a part of structural
steel framework, as required to complete work.

1\. Fabricate units to sizes, shapes, and profiles indicated and
required to receive adjacent other construction retained by framing and
supports. Fabricate from structural steel shapes, plates, and steel bars
of welded construction using mitered joints for field connection. Cut,
drill, and tap units to receive hardware, hangers, and similar items.

2\. Equip units with integrally welded anchors for casting into concrete
or building into masonry. Furnish inserts if units must be installed
after concrete is placed.

Except as otherwise indicated, space anchors 24 inches (61 cm) o.c. and
provide minimum anchor units in the form of steel straps 1-1/4\" wide x
1/4\" x 8\" long (31.8 mm x 6.4 mm x 203 mm).

B. Miscellaneous Steel Trim: Provide shapes and sizes indicated for
profiles shown. Unless otherwise indicated, fabricate units from
structural steel shapes, plates, and steel bars, with continuously
welded joints and smooth exposed edges. Use concealed field splices
wherever possible. Provide cutouts, fittings, and anchorages as required
for coordination for assembly and installation with other work.

## 2.15 SHELF AND LEDGER ANGLES

A. Fabricate shelf and ledger angles from steel angles of sizes
indicated and for attachment to concrete framing. Provide slotted holes
to receive 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) bolts, spaced not more than 6 inches (152
mm) from ends and not more than 24 inches (0.61 m) o.c., unless
otherwise indicated.

B. For cavity walls, provide vertical channel brackets to support
shelf/ledger angles from back-up masonry and concrete. Align expansion
joints in angles with indicated expansion joints in cavity wall exterior
wythe.

C. Furnish wedge-type concrete inserts, complete with fasteners, for
attachment of shelf angles to cast-in-place concrete.

## 2.16 METAL BAR GRATINGS

A. General: Produce metal bar gratings of description indicated per
NAAMM marking system that comply with the following:

1\. Metal Bar Grating Standard: \"Standard Specifications for Metal Bar
Grating and Metal Bar Grating Treads\" published in ANSI/NAAMM MBG 531.

2\. Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Standard: \"Guide Specifications for
Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating\" published in ANSI/NAAMM MBG 532.

B. If gratings are located in walking surfaces, gratings shall have
spaces no greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) wide in one direction.

If gratings have elongated openings, then they shall be placed so that
the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.

C. Fabricate steel gratings to comply with requirements as indicated on
the drawings.

D. Traffic Surface for Steel and Aluminum Bar Gratings: Plain, unless
otherwise indicated.

E. Steel Finish: Shop prime paint applied in accordance with
manufacturer\'s standard practice.

F. Aluminum Finish: Mill (as fabricated), unless otherwise indicated.

G. Fabricate removable grating sections with banding bars attached by
welding to entire perimeter of each section. Include anchors and
fasteners of type indicated, or if not indicated, as recommended by
manufacturer, for attachment to supports.

1\. Heavy Duty Grating: Provide not less than 4 anchor blocks, 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm) minimum thickness, for each section of grating composed of
bearing bars over 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in thickness, with each block
shop-welded to 2 bearing bars.

2\. Nonheavy Duty Grating: Provide not less than 4 saddle clips for each
grating section composed of rectangular bearing bars 3/16 inch (4.8 mm)
or less in thickness and spaced not less than 15/16 inch (23.8 mm) o.c.,
with each clip designed and fabricated to fit over 2 bearing bars.

Furnish threaded bolts with nuts and washers for each clip required,
unless otherwise indicated.

H. Attach toe plates to grating by welding, unless otherwise indicated.

Toe plate height: 4 inches (102 mm), unless a greater height indicated.

I. Fabricate cutouts in grating sections for penetrations indicated.
Arrange layout of cutouts to permit grating removal without disturbing
items penetrating gratings.

1\. Edge band openings in grating that interrupt 4 or more bearing bars
with bars of same size and material as bearing bars.

2\. Do not notch bearing bars at supports to maintain elevation.

J. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements,
manufacturers offering metal bar gratings that may be incorporated in
the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

Alabama Metal Industries Corp.

Barnet/Bates Corp.

IKG Industries

Klemp Corp.

Ohio Gratings, Inc.

Seidelhuber Metal Products, Inc.

## 2.17 FLOOR PLATE

A. Fabricate raised pattern floor plates from rolled steel floor plate
of thickness and pattern indicated. If not indicated, pattern as
selected from manufacturer\'s standard patterns. See ASTM A786 for
pattern illustrations.

B. Abrasive Surface Floor Plate: Manufacturer\'s standard abrasive
granules, rolled into surface of steel plate, where indicated.

C. Include steel angle stiffeners and fixed and removable sections as
indicated.

Provide 2 steel bar drop handles for lifting plates, one at each end of
each removable section.

## 2.18 TREAD PLATE

A. Fabricate raised pattern tread plates from aluminum-alloy rolled
tread plate in pattern and thickness as indicated. See ASTM B632 for
pattern illustrations.

B. Abrasive Surface Floor Plate: Manufacturer\'s standard abrasive
granules, rolled into surface of aluminum plate, where indicated.

C. Include aluminum angle stiffeners and fixed and removable sections as
indicated.

Provide 2 aluminum bar drop handles for lifting plates, one at each end
of each removable section.

## 2.19 STEEL PIPE guardrails AND HANDRAILS

A. General: Fabricate pipe guardrails and handrails to comply with
requirements indicated for dimensions, details, finish, and member
sizes, including wall thickness of pipe, post spacings, and anchorage.

B. Interconnect guardrails and handrail members by butt-welding or
welding with internal connectors, at fabricator\'s option, unless
otherwise indicated.

At tee and cross intersections, cope ends of intersecting members to fit
contour of pipe to which end is joined, weld all around and grind
smooth.

C. Form changes in directions of railing members as follows:

1\. By use of welded prefabricated steel elbow fittings.

2\. By bending, of radius indicated.

3\. By mitering at elbow bends.

D. Form simple and compound curves by bending pipe in jigs to produce
uniform curvature for each repetitive configuration required; maintain
cylindrical cross-section of pipe throughout entire bend without
buckling, twisting, cracking, or otherwise deforming exposed surfaces of
pipe.

E. Provide wall returns at ends of wall-mounted handrails, unless
otherwise indicated.

F. Close exposed ends of pipe by welding 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) thick steel
plate in place or by use of prefabricated fittings, except where
clearance of end of pipe and adjoining wall surface is 1/4 inch (6.4 mm)
or less.

G. Toe Boards: Where indicated, provide toe boards at railings around
openings and at the edge of open-sided floors and platforms. Fabricate
to dimensions and details indicated, or if not indicated, use 4 inches
high x 1/4 inch (102 mm x 6.4 mm) steel bar welded to each railing post.

H. Brackets, Flanges, Fittings, and Anchors: Provide wall brackets, end
closures, flanges, miscellaneous fittings, and anchors for
interconnections of pipe and attachment of guardrails and handrails to
other work. Furnish inserts and other anchorage devices for connecting
guardrails and handrails to concrete or masonry work.

1\. For railing posts set in concrete, fabricate sleeves from steel pipe
not less than 6 inches (152 mm) long and with an inside diameter not
less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) greater than the outside diameter of post,
with steel plate closure welded to bottom of sleeve.

2\. For removable railing posts, fabricate slip-fit sockets from steel
pipe whose inside diameter is sized for a close fit with posts and to
limit deflection of post without lateral load, measured at top, to not
more than 1/12 of post height. Provide socket covers designed and
fabricated to resist accidental dislodgement.

I. Fillers: Provide steel sheet or plate fillers of thickness and size
indicated or required to support structural loads of handrails where
needed to transfer wall bracket loads through wall finishes to
structural supports. Size fillers to suit wall finish thicknesses. Size
fills to produce adequate bearing to prevent bracket rotation and
overstressing of substrate.

## 2.20 CAST NOSINGS AND TREADS

A. Fabricate units of material, sizes, and configurations indicated. If
not indicated, provide cast-iron units with integral abrasive finish.
Furnish in lengths as required to accurately fit each opening or
conditions.

Cast units with an integral abrasive grit consisting of aluminum oxide,
silicone carbide, or a combination of both.

B. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements,
manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated in the Work
include, but are not limited to, the following:

AMSTEP Products, division of American Safety Technologies, Inc.

American Safety Tread Co., Inc.

IKG Industries

Safe-T-Metal Co., Inc.

Wooster Products Inc.

C. Provide anchors for embedding units in concrete, either integral or
applied to units, as standard with the manufacturer.

D. Apply black asphaltic coating to concealed bottoms, sides, and edges
of cast-iron units set into concrete.

## 2.21 STEEL FRAMED STAIRS

A. General: Construct stairs to conform to sizes and arrangements
indicated with welded connections, unless otherwise indicated. Provide
complete stair assemblies, including metal framing, hangers, columns,
railings, newels, balusters, struts, clips, brackets, bearing plates,
and other components necessary for the support of stairs and platforms,
and as required to anchor and contain the stairs on the supporting
structure.

Fabricate treads and platforms of exterior stairs to accommodate slopes
to drain in finished traffic surfaces.

B. Stair Framing: Fabricate stringers of structural steel channels, or
plates, or a combination thereof, as indicated. Provide closures for
exposed ends of stringers. Construct platforms of structural steel
channel headers and miscellaneous framing members as indicated. Bolt or
weld headers to stringers, newels, and framing members to stringers and
headers; fabricate and join so that bolts, if used, do not appear on
finish surfaces.

C. Metal Pan Risers, Subtreads, and Subplatforms: Shape metal pans for
risers and subtreads to conform to configuration shown. Provide
thickness of structural steel sheet for metal pans as indicated.

1\. Form metal pans of uncoated cold-rolled steel sheet, unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. Form metal pans of galvanized steel sheet, where indicated on the
drawings.

3\. Attach Risers and Subtreads to Stringers by the following methods:

a\. Directly weld risers and subtreads to stringers; locate welds on
side of metal pans to be concealed by concrete fill.

b\. Attach by means of brackets made of steel angles or bars. Weld
brackets to stringers and attach metal pans to brackets by welding or
bolting.

4\. Provide subplatforms of configuration and construction shown, with
thickness of structural steel sheet as indicated. Attach subplatform to
platform framing members with welds or as otherwise indicated.

Construct subplatforms with smooth soffits.

D. Steel Floor Plate Treads and Platforms: Provide raised pattern steel
floor plate in pattern indicated or, if not indicated, as selected from
manufacturer\'s standard patterns.

1\. Form treads of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick raised pattern steel floor
plate with integral nosing and back edge stiffener. Weld steel
supporting brackets to stringers and treads to brackets.

2\. Fabricate platforms of raised pattern steel floor plate of thickness
indicated. Provide nosing matching that on treads at all landings.
Secure to platform framing members with welds.

E. Floor Grating Treads and Platforms: Provide patterns, spacing, and
bar sizes indicated; fabricate to comply with NAAMM MBG 531.

1\. Finish to be shop prime paint, unless otherwise indicated.

2\. Fabricate grating treads with steel plate nosing on one edge and
with steel angle or steel plate carrier at each end for stringer
connections. Secure treads to stringers with bolts or as otherwise
indicated.

3\. Fabricate grating platforms, with nosing matching that on grating
treads, at all landings. Provide toe plates at open-sided edges of
grating platform. Secure grating to platform frame with welds or as
otherwise indicated.

F. Stair Guardrails and Handrails: Comply with applicable requirements
specified elsewhere in this section for steel pipe guardrails and
handrails, and as follows:

1\. Fabricate newels of steel tubing and provide newel caps of gray-iron
castings, as shown.

2\. Railings may be bent at corners, rail returns, and wall returns,
instead of using prefabricated fittings.

3\. Connect railing posts to stair framing by direct welding, unless
otherwise indicated.

## 2.22 PIPE BOLLARDS

Fabricate pipe bollards from 4-inch (102 mm) standard black steel pipe,
Schedule 40, unless otherwise indicated. Cap bollards with 1/4 inch (6.4
mm) minimum thickness steel base plate, or as otherwise indicated.

## 2.23 FINISHES

A. General: Comply with NAAMM AMP 500 \"Metal Finishes Manual\" for
recommendations relative to application and designations of finishes.

B. Finish metal fabrications after assembly.

## 2.24 STEEL and iron FINISHes

A. General: Shop-paint uncoated surfaces of metal fabrications, except
those to be embedded in concrete or masonry or to receive sprayed-on
fireproofing, surfaces and edges to be welded, and galvanized surfaces,
unless otherwise indicated. Comply with requirements of SSPC-PA 1 for
shop painting.

B. Galvanizing: For those items indicated for galvanizing, apply
zinc-coating by the hot-dip process in compliance with the following
requirements:

1\. ASTM A123 for galvanizing both fabricated and unfabricated iron and
steel products made of uncoated rolled, pressed, and forced shapes,
plates, bars, and strip 0.0299 inch (0.7595 mm) thick and heavier.

2\. ASTM A153 for galvanizing iron and steel hardware.

C. Surface Preparation for Shop Priming: Prepare uncoated ferrous metal
surfaces to comply with minimum requirements indicated below.

1\. Remove oil, grease and similar contaminants in accordance with SP-1,
\"Solvent Cleaning\".

2\. Remove loose rust, scale, spatter, slag and other deleterious
materials in accordance with SSPC, utilizing the following methods as
required:

SP-2 \"Hand-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-3 \"Power-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-7 \"Brush-Off Blast Cleaning\"

D. Painting: Immediately after surface preparation, apply structural
steel primer paint in accordance with manufacturer\'s instructions and
at a rate to provide dry film thickness of not less than 3.0 mils (0.076
mm). Use painting methods that result in full coverage of joints,
corners, edges, and exposed surfaces.

Apply 2 coats of paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after assembly
or erection.

## 2.25 ALUMINUM FINISH

Mill (as fabricated) finish, unless otherwise indicated.

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 examination

Installer shall examine the areas and conditions under which metal
fabrication items are to be installed. Notify the SDR in writing of
conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work.
Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected in a manner acceptable to the Installer and SDR.

## 3.02 PREPARATION

A. Coordinate and furnish anchorages, setting drawings, diagrams,
templates, instructions, and directions for installation of anchorages,
including concrete inserts, sleeves, anchor bolts, and miscellaneous
items having integral anchors that are to be embedded in concrete or
masonry construction. Coordinate delivery of such items to project site.

B. Center nosings on tread widths with noses flush with riser faces and
tread surfaces.

C. Set sleeves in concrete with tops flush with finish surface
elevations; protect sleeves from water and concrete entry.

## 3.03 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Fastening to In-Place Construction: Provide anchorage devices and
fasteners where necessary for securing miscellaneous metal fabrications
to in-place construction; include threaded fasteners for concrete and
masonry inserts, toggle bolts, through-bolts, lag bolts, wood screws and
other connectors as required.

B. Cutting, Fitting and Placement: Perform cutting, drilling, and
fitting required for installation of miscellaneous metal fabrications.
Set metal fabrication accurately in location, alignment, and elevation;
with edges and surfaces level, plumb, true, and free of rack; and
measured from established lines and levels.

C. Provide temporary bracing or anchors in formwork for items that are
to be built into concrete masonry or similar construction.

D. Fit exposed connections accurately together to form hairline joints.
Weld connections that are not to be left as exposed joints, but cannot
be shop-welded because of shipping size limitations. Do not weld, cut,
or abrade the surfaces of exterior units which have been hot-dip
galvanized after fabrication, and are intended for bolted or screwed
field connections.

E. Field Welding: Comply with AWS Code for procedures of manual shielded
metal-arch welding, appearance and quality of welds made, methods used
in correcting welding work, and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surfaces matches those adjacent.

F. Grout: Follow manufacturer\'s recommendations for substrate
preparation and application.

G. Corrosion Protection: Coat concealed surfaces of aluminum that will
come into contact with grout, concrete, masonry, wood, or dissimilar
metals with a heavy coat of bituminous paint or zinc chromate primer.

## 3.04 SETTING LOOSE PLATES

A. Clean concrete and masonry bearing surfaces of any bond-reducing
materials, and roughen to improve bond to surfaces. Clean bottom surface
of bearing plates.

B. Set loose leveling and bearing plates on wedges, or other adjustable
devices. After the bearing members have been positioned and plumbed,
tighten the anchor bolts. Do not remove wedges or shims, but if
protruding, cut off flush with the edge of the bearing plate before
packing with grout. Pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces and
plates to ensure that no voids remain.

## 3.05 INSTALLATION OF METAL BAR GRATINGS

A. General: Install gratings to comply with requirements of NAAMM
grating standard that apply to grating types and bar sizes indicated,
including installation clearances and standard anchoring details.

B. Secure removable units to supporting members with type and size of
clips and fasteners indicated, or if not indicated, as recommended by
grating manufacturer for type of installation conditions shown.

C. Secure non-removable units to supporting members by welding where
both materials are the same; otherwise, fasten by bolting as indicated
above.

D. Attach toe plates to gratings by welding, at locations indicated.

## 3.06 INSTALLATION OF STEEL PIPE GUARDRAILS AND HANDRAILS

A. Adjust railings prior to anchoring to ensure matching alignment at
abutting joints. Space posts at spacing indicated, or if not indicated,
as required by design loadings. Plumb posts in each direction. Secure
posts and railing ends to building construction as follows:

1\. Anchor posts in concrete by means of pipe sleeves preset and
anchored into concrete. After posts have been inserted into sleeves,
fill annular space between post and sleeve solid with nonshrink,
nonmetallic grout, mixed and placed to comply with anchoring material
manufacturer\'s directions.

2\. Anchor posts and rail ends to steel with welded connections, unless
otherwise indicated.

3\. Anchor posts and rail ends into concrete and masonry with steel
round flanges welded to post and rail ends, and anchored into wall
construction with expansion shields and bolts.

4\. Install removable railing sections where indicated in slip-fit metal
sockets cast into concrete. Accurately locate sockets to match post
spacing.

B. Secure handrails to wall with wall brackets and end fittings. Provide
bracket with not less than 1-1/2 inch (38.1 mm) clearance from inside
face of handrail and finished wall surface. Locate brackets at spacing
not less than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c., unless otherwise indicated. Secure
wall brackets and wall return fittings to building construction as
follows:

1\. Use type of bracket with flange tapped for concealed anchorage to
threaded hanger bolt.

2\. For concrete and solid masonry anchorage, use drilled-in expansion
shield and either concealed hanger bolt or exposed lag bolt, as
applicable.

3\. For hollow masonry anchorage, fasten brackets directly on masonry
wall using toggle bolts.

4\. For steel framed gypsum board assemblies, fasten brackets to wood
blocking using lag bolts or to metal blocking using self-tapping screws,
of size and type required to support structural loads.

C. Expansion Joints: Provide expansion joints at locations indicated, or
if not indicated, at intervals not to exceed 40 feet (12.2 m). Provide
slip joint with internal sleeve extending 2 inches (51 mm) beyond joint
on either side; fasten internal sleeve securely to one side; locate
joint within 6 inches (152 mm) of posts.

## 3.07 INSTALLATION OF CAST NOSINGS AND TREADS

Install cast nosings and treads with anchorage system indicated to
comply with manufacturer\'s recommendations.

## 3.08 INSTALLATION OF PIPE BOLLARDS

A. General: Install bollards at locations shown on drawings. After
installation, fill pipe with concrete and provide a smooth convex curve
at the top of the pipe.

B. Backfill: The backfill in the annular space around bollards not
embedded in poured footings shall be by the following methods:

1\. Clean excess soil from hole. Do not leave loose soil at bottom of
hole.

2\. Backfill shall be of concrete with an ultimate strength of 3,000
pounds per square inch (210.92 kgs/sq cm) at 28 days. The hole shall not
be less than four (4) inches (101.6 mm) larger than the diagonal
dimension of a round, square or rectangular bollard.

## 3.09 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

A. Touch-Up Painting of Steel Items: Immediately after erection, clean
field welds, bolted connections, abraded areas of shop paint, and paint
exposed areas with same material as used for shop painting to comply
with SSPC-PA 1 requirements for touch-up of field painted surfaces.

Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum dry film thickness of 3.0
mils (0.076 mm).

B. For galvanized surfaces clean welds, bolted connections and abraded
areas and apply galvanizing repair paint to comply with ASTM A780.

END OF SECTION